Complex Dynamics of an Impulsive Control System in which Predator Species Share a Common Prey

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pei, Yongzhen; Liu, Shaoying; Li, Changguo

2009-06-01

In an ecosystem, multiple predator species often share a common prey and the interactions between the predators are neutral. In view of this fact, we propose a three-species prey-predator system with the functional responses and impulsive controls to model the process of pest management. It is proved that the system has a locally stable pest-eradication periodic solution under the assumption that the impulsive period is less than some critical value. In particular, two single control strategies (biological control alone or chemical control alone) are proposed. Finally, we compare three pest control strategies and find that if we choose narrow-spectrum pesticides that are targeted to a specific pest’s life cycle to kill the pest, then the combined strategy is preferable. Numerical results show that our system has complex dynamics including period-doubling bifurcation, quasi-periodic oscillation, chaos, intermittency and crises.

47 CFR 27.1176 - Cost-sharing requirements for AWS in the 2150-2160/62 MHz band.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

.... All AWS entities who benefit from another AWS entity's clearance of BRS incumbents from this spectrum... licensee enters into a spectrum leasing arrangement and the spectrum lessee triggers a cost-sharing...

The Normalized-Rate Iterative Algorithm: A Practical Dynamic Spectrum Management Method for DSL

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Statovci, Driton; Nordström, Tomas; Nilsson, Rickard

2006-12-01

We present a practical solution for dynamic spectrum management (DSM) in digital subscriber line systems: the normalized-rate iterative algorithm (NRIA). Supported by a novel optimization problem formulation, the NRIA is the only DSM algorithm that jointly addresses spectrum balancing for frequency division duplexing systems and power allocation for the users sharing a common cable bundle. With a focus on being implementable rather than obtaining the highest possible theoretical performance, the NRIA is designed to efficiently solve the DSM optimization problem with the operators' business models in mind. This is achieved with the help of two types of parameters: the desired network asymmetry and the desired user priorities. The NRIA is a centralized DSM algorithm based on the iterative water-filling algorithm (IWFA) for finding efficient power allocations, but extends the IWFA by finding the achievable bitrates and by optimizing the bandplan. It is compared with three other DSM proposals: the IWFA, the optimal spectrum balancing algorithm (OSBA), and the bidirectional IWFA (bi-IWFA). We show that the NRIA achieves better bitrate performance than the IWFA and the bi-IWFA. It can even achieve performance almost as good as the OSBA, but with dramatically lower requirements on complexity. Additionally, the NRIA can achieve bitrate combinations that cannot be supported by any other DSM algorithm.

Shared Decision Making: Improving Care for Children with Autism

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Golnik, Allison; Maccabee-Ryaboy, Nadia; Scal, Peter; Wey, Andrew; Gaillard, Philippe

2012-01-01

We assessed the extent to which parents of children with autism spectrum disorder report that they are engaged in shared decision making. We measured the association between shared decision making and (a) satisfaction with care, (b) perceived guidance regarding controversial issues in autism spectrum disorder, and (c) perceived assistance…

Correlated electron-nuclear dynamics in above-threshold multiphoton ionization of asymmetric molecule.

PubMed

Wang, Zhuo; Li, Min; Zhou, Yueming; Lan, Pengfei; Lu, Peixiang

2017-02-20

The partition of the photon energy into the subsystems of molecules determines many photon-induced chemical and physical dynamics in laser-molecule interactions. The electron-nuclear energy sharing from multiphoton ionization of molecules has been used to uncover the correlated dynamics of the electron and fragments. However, most previous studies focus on symmetric molecules. Here we study the electron-nuclear energy sharing in strong-field photoionization of HeH 2+ by solving the one-dimensional time-dependent Schrödinger equation (TDSE). Compared with symmetric molecules, the joint electron-nuclear energy spectrum (JES) of HeH 2+ reveals an anomalous energy shift at certain nuclear energies, while it disappears at higher and lower nuclear energies. Through tracing the time evolution of the wavepacket of bound states, we identify that this energy shift originates from the joint effect of the Stark shift, associated with the permanent dipole, and the Autler-Townes effect due to the coupling of the 2pσ and 2sσ states in strong fields. The energy shift in the JES appears at certain nuclear distances only when both Stark effect and Autler-Townes effect play important roles. We further demonstrate that the electron-nuclei energy sharing can be controlled by varying laser intensity for asymmetric molecules, providing alternative approaches to manipulate photochemical reactions for more complex molecules.

Exploring the Cognitive Foundations of the Shared Attention Mechanism: Evidence for a Relationship between Self-Categorization and Shared Attention across the Autism Spectrum

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Skorich, Daniel P.; Gash, Tahlia B.; Stalker, Katie L.; Zheng, Lidan; Haslam, S. Alexander

2017-01-01

The social difficulties of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are typically explained as a disruption in the Shared Attention Mechanism (SAM) sub-component of the theory of mind (ToM) system. In the current paper, we explore the hypothesis that SAM's capacity to construct the self-other-object relations necessary for shared-attention arises from a…

Dynamical properties of total intensity fluctuation spectrum in two-mode Nd:YVO4 microchip laser

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Shao-Hui; Shu-Lian, Zhang; Tan, Yi-Dong; Sun, Li-Qun

2015-12-01

We investigate the total intensity fluctuation spectrum of the two-longitudinal- mode Nd:YVO4 microchip laser (ML). We find that low-frequency relaxation oscillation (RO) peaks still appear in the total intensity fluctuation spectrum, which is different from a previous research result that the low-frequency RO peaks exist in the spectrum of the individual mode but compensate for each other totally in the total intensity fluctuation spectrum. Taking the spatial hole-burning effect into account, one and two-mode rate equations for Nd:YVO4 ML laser are established and studied. Based on the theoretical model, we find that when the gains and losses for two longitudinal models are different, a low-frequency RO peak will appear in the total intensity fluctuation spectrum, while when they share the same gain and loss, the total spectrum will behave like that of a single mode laser. Theoretical simulation results coincide with experimental results very well. Project supported by the Beijing Higher Education Young Elite Teacher Project, China (Grant No. YETP0086), the Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Programme, China (Grant No. 2012Z02166), and the Special-funded Programme on National Key Scientific Instruments and Equipment Development of China (Grant No. 2011YQ04013603).

A cognitive gateway-based spectrum sharing method in downlink round robin scheduling of LTE system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Deng, Hongyu; Wu, Cheng; Wang, Yiming

2017-07-01

A key technique of LTE is how to allocate efficiently the resource of radio spectrum. Traditional Round Robin (RR) scheduling scheme may lead to too many resource residues when allocating resources. When the number of users in the current transmission time interval (TTI) is not the greatest common divisor of resource block groups (RBGs), and such a phenomenon lasts for a long time, the spectrum utilization would be greatly decreased. In this paper, a novel spectrum allocation scheme of cognitive gateway (CG) was proposed, in which the LTE spectrum utilization and CG’s throughput were greatly increased by allocating idle resource blocks in the shared TTI in LTE system to CG. Our simulation results show that the spectrum resource sharing method can improve LTE spectral utilization and increase the CG’s throughput as well as network use time.

Exploring the Cognitive Foundations of the Shared Attention Mechanism: Evidence for a Relationship Between Self-Categorization and Shared Attention Across the Autism Spectrum.

PubMed

Skorich, Daniel P; Gash, Tahlia B; Stalker, Katie L; Zheng, Lidan; Haslam, S Alexander

2017-05-01

The social difficulties of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are typically explained as a disruption in the Shared Attention Mechanism (SAM) sub-component of the theory of mind (ToM) system. In the current paper, we explore the hypothesis that SAM's capacity to construct the self-other-object relations necessary for shared-attention arises from a self-categorization process, which is weaker among those with more autistic-like traits. We present participants with self-categorization and shared-attention tasks, and measure their autism-spectrum quotient (AQ). Results reveal a negative relationship between AQ and shared-attention, via self-categorization, suggesting a role for self-categorization in the disruption in SAM seen in ASD. Implications for intervention, and for a ToM model in which weak central coherence plays a role are discussed.

F*** Yeah Fluid Dynamics: On science outreach and appealing to broad audiences

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sharp, Nicole

2015-11-01

Sharing scientific research with general audiences is important for scientists both in terms of educating the public and in pursuing funding opportunities. But it's not always apparent how to make a big splash. Over the past five years, fluid dynamics outreach blog FYFD has published more than 1300 articles and gained an audience of over 215,000 readers. The site appeals to a wide spectrum of readers in both age and field of study. This talk will utilize five years' worth of site content and reader feedback to examine what makes science appealing to general audiences and suggest methods researchers can use to shape their work's broader impact.

47 CFR 27.1176 - Cost-sharing requirements for AWS in the 2150-2160/62 MHz band.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... clearance of BRS incumbents from this spectrum, including BRS incumbents occupying the 2150-2162 MHz band on... relocation until the end of the period specified in § 27.1190. If an AWS licensee enters into a spectrum leasing arrangement and the spectrum lessee triggers a cost-sharing obligation, the licensee is the AWS...

Detecting dynamical changes in time series by using the Jensen Shannon divergence

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mateos, D. M.; Riveaud, L. E.; Lamberti, P. W.

2017-08-01

Most of the time series in nature are a mixture of signals with deterministic and random dynamics. Thus the distinction between these two characteristics becomes important. Distinguishing between chaotic and aleatory signals is difficult because they have a common wide band power spectrum, a delta like autocorrelation function, and share other features as well. In general, signals are presented as continuous records and require to be discretized for being analyzed. In this work, we introduce different schemes for discretizing and for detecting dynamical changes in time series. One of the main motivations is to detect transitions between the chaotic and random regime. The tools here used here originate from the Information Theory. The schemes proposed are applied to simulated and real life signals, showing in all cases a high proficiency for detecting changes in the dynamics of the associated time series.

3 CFR - Expanding America's Leadership in Wireless Innovation

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... results from the Networking and Information Technology Research and Development Program, shall publish an... in research, development, testing, and evaluation of technologies to enhance spectrum sharing and... templates governing the following: research, development, testing, and evaluation of spectrum sharing...

Defending an Area with Autonomy: Autonomous Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance Capabilities Leveraging Unmanned Aerial Systems for Defending Forward Operating Locations

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-05-08

electromagnetic ( EM ) spectrum, cyberspace, and air domain access and dependencies. Access to space-based assets is necessary to provide and share C2ISR...the EM spectrum for communications is necessary for many of the same reasons we need space capabilities, but this spectrum is under threat from...emerging electronic warfare technologies. Both LOS and BLOS radio frequency (RF) communications require access to the EM spectrum for sharing critical

78 FR 64200 - Innovative Spectrum Sharing Technology Day Event

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-28

... Spectrum Sharing Technology Day Event AGENCY: National Telecommunications and Information Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce; National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of...) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), with the support of the National...

An upward compatible spectrum sharing architecture for existing, actively planned and emerging mobile satellite systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Azarbar, Bahman

1990-01-01

Existing and actively planned mobile satellite systems are competing for a viable share of the spectrum allocated by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) to the satellite based mobile services in the 1.5/1.6 GHz range. The limited amount of spectrum available worldwide and the sheer number of existing and planned mobile satellite systems dictate the adoption of an architecture which will maximize sharing possibilities. A viable sharing architecture must recognize the operational needs and limitations of the existing systems. Furthermore, recognizing the right of access of the future systems as they will emerge in time, the adopted architecture must allow for additional growth and be amenable to orderly introduction of future systems. An attempt to devise such a sharing architecture is described. A specific example of the application of the basic concept to the existing and planned mobile satellite systems is also discussed.

Investigating the dynamic nature of the ABC transporters: ABCB1 and MsbA as examples for the potential synergies of MD theory and EPR applications.

PubMed

Stockner, Thomas; Mullen, Anna; MacMillan, Fraser

2015-10-01

ABC transporters are primary active transporters found in all kingdoms of life. Human multidrug resistance transporter ABCB1, or P-glycoprotein, has an extremely broad substrate spectrum and confers resistance against chemotherapy drug treatment in cancer cells. The bacterial ABC transporter MsbA is a lipid A flippase and a homolog to the human ABCB1 transporter, with which it partially shares its substrate spectrum. Crystal structures of MsbA and ABCB1 have been solved in multiple conformations, providing a glimpse into the possible conformational changes the transporter could be going through during the transport cycle. Crystal structures are inherently static, while a dynamic picture of the transporter in motion is needed for a complete understanding of transporter function. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy can provide structural information on ABC transporters, but the strength of these two methods lies in the potential to characterise the dynamic regime of these transporters. Information from the two methods is quite complementary. MD simulations provide an all atom dynamic picture of the time evolution of the molecular system, though with a narrow time window. EPR spectroscopy can probe structural, environmental and dynamic properties of the transporter in several time regimes, but only through the attachment sites of an exogenous spin label. In this review the synergistic effects that can be achieved by combining the two methods are highlighted, and a brief methodological background is also presented. © 2015 Authors; published by Portland Press Limited.

47 CFR 301.20 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... AND SPECTRUM SHARING BY FEDERAL GOVERNMENT STATIONS General Information § 301.20 Definitions... spectrum frequencies or the reallocation of spectrum frequencies from Federal use to exclusive non-Federal...

47 CFR 301.20 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... AND SPECTRUM SHARING BY FEDERAL GOVERNMENT STATIONS General Information § 301.20 Definitions... spectrum frequencies or the reallocation of spectrum frequencies from Federal use to exclusive non-Federal...

Wireless Technology Recognition Based on RSSI Distribution at Sub-Nyquist Sampling Rate for Constrained Devices.

PubMed

Liu, Wei; Kulin, Merima; Kazaz, Tarik; Shahid, Adnan; Moerman, Ingrid; De Poorter, Eli

2017-09-12

Driven by the fast growth of wireless communication, the trend of sharing spectrum among heterogeneous technologies becomes increasingly dominant. Identifying concurrent technologies is an important step towards efficient spectrum sharing. However, due to the complexity of recognition algorithms and the strict condition of sampling speed, communication systems capable of recognizing signals other than their own type are extremely rare. This work proves that multi-model distribution of the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) is related to the signals' modulation schemes and medium access mechanisms, and RSSI from different technologies may exhibit highly distinctive features. A distinction is made between technologies with a streaming or a non-streaming property, and appropriate feature spaces can be established either by deriving parameters such as packet duration from RSSI or directly using RSSI's probability distribution. An experimental study shows that even RSSI acquired at a sub-Nyquist sampling rate is able to provide sufficient features to differentiate technologies such as Wi-Fi, Long Term Evolution (LTE), Digital Video Broadcasting-Terrestrial (DVB-T) and Bluetooth. The usage of the RSSI distribution-based feature space is illustrated via a sample algorithm. Experimental evaluation indicates that more than 92% accuracy is achieved with the appropriate configuration. As the analysis of RSSI distribution is straightforward and less demanding in terms of system requirements, we believe it is highly valuable for recognition of wideband technologies on constrained devices in the context of dynamic spectrum access.

Wireless Technology Recognition Based on RSSI Distribution at Sub-Nyquist Sampling Rate for Constrained Devices

PubMed Central

Liu, Wei; Kulin, Merima; Kazaz, Tarik; De Poorter, Eli

2017-01-01

Driven by the fast growth of wireless communication, the trend of sharing spectrum among heterogeneous technologies becomes increasingly dominant. Identifying concurrent technologies is an important step towards efficient spectrum sharing. However, due to the complexity of recognition algorithms and the strict condition of sampling speed, communication systems capable of recognizing signals other than their own type are extremely rare. This work proves that multi-model distribution of the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) is related to the signals’ modulation schemes and medium access mechanisms, and RSSI from different technologies may exhibit highly distinctive features. A distinction is made between technologies with a streaming or a non-streaming property, and appropriate feature spaces can be established either by deriving parameters such as packet duration from RSSI or directly using RSSI’s probability distribution. An experimental study shows that even RSSI acquired at a sub-Nyquist sampling rate is able to provide sufficient features to differentiate technologies such as Wi-Fi, Long Term Evolution (LTE), Digital Video Broadcasting-Terrestrial (DVB-T) and Bluetooth. The usage of the RSSI distribution-based feature space is illustrated via a sample algorithm. Experimental evaluation indicates that more than 92% accuracy is achieved with the appropriate configuration. As the analysis of RSSI distribution is straightforward and less demanding in terms of system requirements, we believe it is highly valuable for recognition of wideband technologies on constrained devices in the context of dynamic spectrum access. PMID:28895879

Spectral Characteristics of the Unitary Critical Almost-Mathieu Operator

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fillman, Jake; Ong, Darren C.; Zhang, Zhenghe

2017-04-01

We discuss spectral characteristics of a one-dimensional quantum walk whose coins are distributed quasi-periodically. The unitary update rule of this quantum walk shares many spectral characteristics with the critical Almost-Mathieu Operator; however, it possesses a feature not present in the Almost-Mathieu Operator, namely singularity of the associated cocycles (this feature is, however, present in the so-called Extended Harper's Model). We show that this operator has empty absolutely continuous spectrum and that the Lyapunov exponent vanishes on the spectrum; hence, this model exhibits Cantor spectrum of zero Lebesgue measure for all irrational frequencies and arbitrary phase, which in physics is known as Hofstadter's butterfly. In fact, we will show something stronger, namely, that all spectral parameters in the spectrum are of critical type, in the language of Avila's global theory of analytic quasiperiodic cocycles. We further prove that it has empty point spectrum for each irrational frequency and away from a frequency-dependent set of phases having Lebesgue measure zero. The key ingredients in our proofs are an adaptation of Avila's Global Theory to the present setting, self-duality via the Fourier transform, and a Johnson-type theorem for singular dynamically defined CMV matrices which characterizes their spectra as the set of spectral parameters at which the associated cocycles fail to admit a dominated splitting.

Wireless communication and spectrum sharing for public safety in the United States.

PubMed

Kapucu, Naim; Haupt, Brittany; Yuksel, Murat

2016-01-01

With the vast number of fragmented, independent public safety wireless communication systems, the United States is encountering major challenges with enhancing interoperability and effectively managing costs while sharing limited availability of critical spectrum. The traditional hierarchical approach of emergency management does not always allow for needed flexibility and is not a mandate. A national system would reduce equipment needs, increase effectiveness, and enrich quality and coordination of response; however, it is dependent on integrating the commercial market. This article discusses components of an ideal national wireless public safety system consists along with key policies in regulating wireless communication and spectrum sharing for public safety and challenges for implementation.

Online Wiki Collaboration by Teachers of Students with Autism Spectrum Disorders

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kilham, Chris

2009-01-01

A shared understanding of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and a coordinated approach to teaching diagnosed students is essential because of the complex learning needs of this cohort. This research examines the ways in which special educators used wiki technology to create a working document and to share and develop their perspectives about…

Autism Spectrum in the College Classroom: Strategies for Instructors

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shmulsky, Solvegi; Gobbo, Ken

2013-01-01

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) refers to several conditions that share the feature of persistent social impairment. The rate of ASD diagnosis has climbed to one in 88 (CDC, 2012), and increasing numbers of individuals with ASD attend college. College students with ASD may share academic challenges related to critical thinking, executive…

Coherence and other autistic spectrum traits and eating disorders: building from mechanism to treatment. The Birgit Olsson lecture.

PubMed

Treasure, Janet

2013-02-01

To revisit Gillberg's hypothesis proposed in 1992, which was that anorexia nervosa should be considered within the spectrum of autistic disorders. A search was made of the literature relating to the behavioural traits, and cognitive, emotional and neuroanatomical intermediate phenotypes that are shared between autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) and anorexia nervosa. People with eating disorders in the acute phase (less so after recovery) share some behavioural traits (social impairment and restricted and repetitive behaviours) and intermediate phenotypes (weak central coherence, and impaired set shifting and theory of mind) with people in the autistic spectrum. Behavioural and intermediate neuropsychological traits are shared between eating disorders and ASD. In part, these are familial but also they are accentuated by the illness state and may be secondary to starvation. These traits have implications for prognosis and treatment.

FPGA-based RF spectrum merging and adaptive hopset selection

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

McLean, R. K.; Flatley, B. N.; Silvius, M. D.; Hopkinson, K. M.

The radio frequency (RF) spectrum is a limited resource. Spectrum allotment disputes stem from this scarcity as many radio devices are confined to a fixed frequency or frequency sequence. One alternative is to incorporate cognition within a reconfigurable radio platform, therefore enabling the radio to adapt to dynamic RF spectrum environments. In this way, the radio is able to actively sense the RF spectrum, decide, and act accordingly, thereby sharing the spectrum and operating in more flexible manner. In this paper, we present a novel solution for merging many distributed RF spectrum maps into one map and for subsequently creating an adaptive hopset. We also provide an example of our system in operation, the result of which is a pseudorandom adaptive hopset. The paper then presents a novel hardware design for the frequency merger and adaptive hopset selector, both of which are written in VHDL and implemented as a custom IP core on an FPGA-based embedded system using the Xilinx Embedded Development Kit (EDK) software tool. The design of the custom IP core is optimized for area, and it can process a high-volume digital input via a low-latency circuit architecture. The complete embedded system includes the Xilinx PowerPC microprocessor, UART serial connection, and compact flash memory card IP cores, and our custom map merging/hopset selection IP core, all of which are targeted to the Virtex IV FPGA. This system is then incorporated into a cognitive radio prototype on a Rice University Wireless Open Access Research Platform (WARP) reconfigurable radio.

Promoting Active Participation in Book Reading for Preschoolers with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Preliminary Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fleury, Veronica P.; Miramontez, Shane Herriott; Hudson, Roxanne F.; Schwartz, Ilene S.

2014-01-01

A common literacy practice in early childhood classrooms is reading aloud to children. Little is known, however, about the quality of engagement in shared reading activities for young children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Dialogic reading is one method of shared reading in which adults encourage children to actively participate in the…

Effects of a Social Skills Intervention on Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Peers with Shared Deficits

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Radley, Keith C.; O'Handley, Roderick D.; Battaglia, Allison A.; Lum, John D. K.; Dadakhodjaeva, Komila; Ford, William B.; McHugh, Melissa B.

2017-01-01

The current study evaluated the effects of the "Superheroes Social Skills" program (Jenson et al. 2011) in promoting accurate demonstration of target social skills in training and generalization conditions in young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and peers with shared social deficits. Three preschool-age children with ASD…

Sources of Embodied Creativity: Interactivity and Ideation in Contact Improvisation.

PubMed

Kimmel, Michael; Hristova, Dayana; Kussmaul, Kerstin

2018-05-23

Drawing on a micro-phenomenological paradigm, we discuss Contact Improvisation (CI), where dancers explore potentials of intercorporeal weight sharing, kinesthesia, touch, and momentum. Our aim is to typologically discuss creativity related skills and the rich spectrum of creative resources CI dancers use. This spectrum begins with relatively idea-driven creation and ends with interactivity-centered, fully emergent creation: (1) Ideation internal to the mind, the focus of traditional creativity research, is either restricted to semi-independent dancing or remains schematic and thus open to dynamic specification under the partner’s influence. (2) Most frequently, CI creativity occurs in tightly coupled behavior and is radically emergent. This means that interpersonal synergies emerge without anybody’s prior design or planned coordination. The creative feat is interpersonally “distributed” over cascades of cross-scaffolding. Our micro-genetic data validate notions from dynamic systems theory such as interpersonal self-organization , although we criticize the theory for failing to explain where precisely this leaves skilled intentionality on the individuals’ part. Our answer is that dancers produce a stream of momentary micro-intentions that say “yes, and”, or “no, but” to short-lived micro-affordances, which allows both individuals to skillfully continue, elaborate, tweak, or redirect the collective movement dynamics. Both dancers can invite emergence as part of their playful exploration, while simultaneously bringing to bear global constraints, such as dance scores, and guide the collective dynamics with a set of specialized skills we shall term emergence management .

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): Related Topics

MedlinePlus

... Facebook Tweet Share Compartir Q: Do vaccines cause autism spectrum disorder (ASD)? A: Many studies that have ... whether there is a relationship between vaccines and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). To date, the studies continue ...

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

MedlinePlus

... Español (Spanish) Recommend on Facebook Tweet Share Compartir Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disability that ... key findings. ABOUT US Overview of CDC’s work. Autism: What's New MMWR article: Prevalence of Autism Spectrum ...

Adapted Shared Storybook Reading: A Study of Its Application for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders in Home Settings

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Golloher, Andrea N.

2018-01-01

This study investigated the use of an adapted shared reading protocol with three children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in home settings. Using a multiple baseline across participants design, this investigation replicated and extended a previous investigation by Browder et al. to children with ASD and home settings. In addition, this study…

The Importance of Critical Life Moments: An Explorative Study of Successful Women with Autism Spectrum Disorder

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Webster, Amanda A.; Garvis, Susanne

2017-01-01

Ten women with autism spectrum disorder participated in oral interviews in order to share their experiences since their diagnosis and to discuss the factors that had enabled them to achieve success in different aspects of their life. Participants were encouraged to share their perspectives on their success and to discuss the challenges they…

Using Aromatherapy Massage to Increase Shared Attention Behaviours in Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorders and Severe Learning Difficulties

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Solomons, Steve

2005-01-01

Children with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) characteristically display a lack of shared attention behaviours and the lack of these behaviours impacts on their ability to develop social interactions and relationships with others. Steve Solomons, assistant headteacher at Rectory Paddock School and Research Unit in the London Borough of Bromley,…

Spectrum sharing between a surveillance radar and secondary Wi-Fi networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hessar, Farzad; Roy, Sumit

2016-06-01

Co-existence between unlicensed networks that share spectrum spatio-temporally with terrestrial (e.g. Air Traffic Control) and shipborne radars in 3-GHz band is attracting significant interest. Similar to every primary-secondary coexistence scenario, interference from unlicensed devices to a primary receiver must be within acceptable bounds. In this work, we formulate the spectrum sharing problem between a pulsed, search radar (primary) and 802.11 WLAN as the secondary. We compute the protection region for such a search radar for a) a single secondary user (initially) as well as b) a random spatial distribution of multiple secondary users. Furthermore, we also analyze the interference to the WiFi devices from the radar's transmissions to estimate the impact on achievable WLAN throughput as a function of distance to the primary radar.

47 CFR 24.239 - Cost-sharing requirements for broadband PCS.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... interference to the existing FMS operations would occur. All PCS entities who benefit from spectrum clearance... spectrum leasing arrangement (as set forth in part 1, subpart X of this chapter) and the spectrum lessee...

A Strategic Bargaining Game for a Spectrum Sharing Scheme in Cognitive Radio-Based Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks.

PubMed

Mao, Yuxing; Cheng, Tao; Zhao, Huiyuan; Shen, Na

2017-11-27

In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), unlicensed users, that is, sensor nodes, have excessively exploited the unlicensed radio spectrum. Through Cognitive Radio (CR), licensed radio spectra, which are owned by licensed users, can be partly or entirely shared with unlicensed users. This paper proposes a strategic bargaining spectrum-sharing scheme, considering a CR-based heterogeneous WSN (HWSN). The sensors of HWSNs are discrepant and exist in different wireless environments, which leads to various signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) for the same or different licensed users. Unlicensed users bargain with licensed users regarding the spectrum price. In each round of bargaining, licensed users are allowed to adaptively adjust their spectrum price to the best for maximizing their profits. . Then, each unlicensed user makes their best response and informs licensed users of "bargaining" and "warning". Through finite rounds of bargaining, this scheme can obtain a Nash bargaining solution (NBS), which makes all licensed and unlicensed users reach an agreement. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can quickly find a NBS and all players in the game prefer to be honest. The proposed scheme outperforms existing schemes, within a certain range, in terms of fairness and trade success probability.

The Spatially Uniform Spectrum of the Fermi Bubbles: The Leptonic Active Galactic Nucleus Jet Scenario

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, H.-Y. K.; Ruszkowski, M.

2017-11-01

The Fermi bubbles are among the most important findings of the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope; however, their origin is still elusive. One of the unique features of the bubbles is that their gamma-ray spectrum, including a high-energy cutoff at ˜110 GeV and the overall shape of the spectrum, is nearly spatially uniform. The high-energy spectral cutoff is suggestive of a leptonic origin due to synchrotron and inverse-Compton cooling of cosmic-ray (CR) electrons; however, even for a leptonic model, it is not obvious why the spectrum should be spatially uniform. In this work, we investigate the bubble formation in the leptonic active galactic nucleus (AGN) jet scenario using a new CRSPEC module in FLASH that allows us to track the evolution of a CR spectrum during the simulations. We show that the high-energy cutoff is caused by fast electron cooling near the Galactic center (GC) when the jets were launched. Afterwards, the dynamical timescale becomes the shortest among all relevant timescales, and therefore the spectrum is essentially advected with only mild cooling losses. This could explain why the bubble spectrum is nearly spatially uniform: the CRs from different parts of the bubbles as seen today all share the same origin near the GC at an early stage of the bubble expansion. We find that the predicted CR spatial and spectral distribution can simultaneously match the normalization, spectral shape, and high-energy cutoff of the observed gamma-ray spectrum and their spatial uniformity, suggesting that past AGN jet activity is a likely mechanism for the formation of the Fermi bubbles.

47 CFR 90.1407 - Spectrum use in the network.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Spectrum use in the network. 90.1407 Section 90... network. (a) Spectrum use. The Shared Wireless Broadband Network will operate using spectrum associated... from the primary public safety operations in the 763-768 MHz and 793-798 MHz bands. The network...

47 CFR 90.1407 - Spectrum use in the network.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Spectrum use in the network. 90.1407 Section 90... network. (a) Spectrum use. The Shared Wireless Broadband Network will operate using spectrum associated... from the primary public safety operations in the 763-768 MHz and 793-798 MHz bands. The network...

Shared protection based virtual network mapping in space division multiplexing optical networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Huibin; Wang, Wei; Zhao, Yongli; Zhang, Jie

2018-05-01

Space Division Multiplexing (SDM) has been introduced to improve the capacity of optical networks. In SDM optical networks, there are multiple cores/modes in each fiber link, and spectrum resources are multiplexed in both frequency and core/modes dimensions. Enabled by network virtualization technology, one SDM optical network substrate can be shared by several virtual networks operators. Similar with point-to-point connection services, virtual networks (VN) also need certain survivability to guard against network failures. Based on customers' heterogeneous requirements on the survivability of their virtual networks, this paper studies the shared protection based VN mapping problem and proposes a Minimum Free Frequency Slots (MFFS) mapping algorithm to improve spectrum efficiency. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can optimize SDM optical networks significantly in terms of blocking probability and spectrum utilization.

Anderson localization in sigma models

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bruckmann, Falk; Wellnhofer, Jacob

2018-03-01

In QCD above the chiral restoration temperature there exists an Anderson transition in the fermion spectrum from localized to delocalized modes. We investigate whether the same holds for nonlinear sigma models which share properties like dynamical mass generation and asymptotic freedom with QCD. In particular we study the spectra of fermions coupled to (quenched) CP(N-1) configurations at high temperatures. We compare results in two and three space-time dimensions: in two dimensions the Anderson transition is absent, since all fermion modes are localized, while in three dimensions it is present. Our measurements include a more recent observable characterizing level spacings: the distribution of ratios of consecutive level spacings.

47 CFR 27.1176 - Cost-sharing requirements for AWS in the 2150-2160/62 MHz band.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... from this spectrum, including BRS incumbents occupying the 2150-2162 MHz band on a primary basis, must... § 27.1190. If an AWS licensee enters into a spectrum leasing arrangement and the spectrum lessee...

47 CFR 27.1307 - Spectrum use in the network.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

....1307 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES MISCELLANEOUS WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS SERVICES 700 MHz Public/Private Partnership § 27.1307 Spectrum use in the network. (a) Spectrum use. The shared wireless broadband network developed by the 700 MHz Public/Private...

Twelve myths about shared decision making.

PubMed

Légaré, France; Thompson-Leduc, Philippe

2014-09-01

As shared decision makes increasing headway in healthcare policy, it is under more scrutiny. We sought to identify and dispel the most prevalent myths about shared decision making. In 20 years in the shared decision making field one of the author has repeatedly heard mention of the same barriers to scaling up shared decision making across the healthcare spectrum. We conducted a selective literature review relating to shared decision making to further investigate these commonly perceived barriers and to seek evidence supporting their existence or not. Beliefs about barriers to scaling up shared decision making represent a wide range of historical, cultural, financial and scientific concerns. We found little evidence to support twelve of the most common beliefs about barriers to scaling up shared decision making, and indeed found evidence to the contrary. Our selective review of the literature suggests that twelve of the most commonly perceived barriers to scaling up shared decision making across the healthcare spectrum should be termed myths as they can be dispelled by evidence. Our review confirms that the current debate about shared decision making must not deter policy makers and clinicians from pursuing its scaling up across the healthcare continuum. Copyright © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.. All rights reserved.

47 CFR 101.521 - Spectrum utilization.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Spectrum utilization. 101.521 Section 101.521... SERVICES 24 GHz Service and Digital Electronic Message Service § 101.521 Spectrum utilization. All... contain detailed descriptions of the modulation method, the channel time sharing method, any error...

47 CFR 1.2207 - Two competing participants required.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... by Random Selection Competitive Bidding Proceedings Broadcast Television Spectrum Reverse Auction § 1... to relinquish spectrum usage rights in exchange for a share of the proceeds from the related forward auction assigning new spectrum licenses unless at least two competing licensees participate in the reverse...

75 FR 81558 - Promoting More Efficient Use of Spectrum Through Dynamic Spectrum Use Technologies

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-28

... wireless innovation to ensure that the promise of dynamic spectrum access technologies can be fully... intensive and efficient use of the radio spectrum, and the potential that these technological innovations have for enabling more effective management of spectrum. DATES: Comments must be filed on or before...

VizieR Online Data Catalog: Solar spectral irradiance (Marchenko+, 2014)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Marchenko, S. V.; Deland, M. T.

2017-03-01

Combining the contemporaneous Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and GOME-2 observations with the records from previous solar cycles, we construct the normalized (to the Mg II doublet at 280 nm) solar variability spectrum in the 170-795 nm spectral range, which could be used in combination with a reference spectrum (e.g., Thuillier et al. 2004, Solar Variability and its Effects on Climate (Geophysical Monograph 141), ed. J. M. Pup et al. (Washington, DC: AGU Geophysical Monograph Series), 171) to reproduce a dynamical solar spectrum at any epoch.The remote-sensing OMI (part of the Aura instrumental suite; Levelt et al., 2006ITGRS..44.1093L) has collected information about trace gases in the Earth's atmosphere since 2004 July. OMI comprises three different spectral channels, UV1 (264-311 nm spectral domain, resolution δλ = 0.63 nm), UV2 (307-383 nm, δλ = 0.42 nm), and VIS (349-504 nm, δλ = 0.63 nm), each acquiring data through partially shared optical pathways (Dobber et al., 2006ITGRS..44.1209D). The UV1 and UV2 light falls on the same CCD detector while VIS spectra are recorded by a different CCD. (1 data file).

Energy landscape of LeuT from molecular simulations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gur, Mert; Zomot, Elia; Cheng, Mary Hongying; Bahar, Ivet

2015-12-01

The bacterial sodium-coupled leucine transporter (LeuT) has been broadly used as a structural model for understanding the structure-dynamics-function of mammalian neurotransmitter transporters as well as other solute carriers that share the same fold (LeuT fold), as the first member of the family crystallographically resolved in multiple states: outward-facing open, outward-facing occluded, and inward-facing open. Yet, a complete picture of the energy landscape of (sub)states visited along the LeuT transport cycle has been elusive. In an attempt to visualize the conformational spectrum of LeuT, we performed extensive simulations of LeuT dimer dynamics in the presence of substrate (Ala or Leu) and co-transported Na+ ions, in explicit membrane and water. We used both conventional molecular dynamics (MD) simulations (with Anton supercomputing machine) and a recently introduced method, collective MD, that takes advantage of collective modes of motions predicted by the anisotropic network model. Free energy landscapes constructed based on ˜40 μs trajectories reveal multiple substates occluded to the extracellular (EC) and/or intracellular (IC) media, varying in the levels of exposure of LeuT to EC or IC vestibules. The IC-facing transmembrane (TM) helical segment TM1a shows an opening, albeit to a smaller extent and in a slightly different direction than that observed in the inward-facing open crystal structure. The study provides insights into the spectrum of conformational substates and paths accessible to LeuT and highlights the differences between Ala- and Leu-bound substates.

Energy landscape of LeuT from molecular simulations.

PubMed

Gur, Mert; Zomot, Elia; Cheng, Mary Hongying; Bahar, Ivet

2015-12-28

The bacterial sodium-coupled leucine transporter (LeuT) has been broadly used as a structural model for understanding the structure-dynamics-function of mammalian neurotransmitter transporters as well as other solute carriers that share the same fold (LeuT fold), as the first member of the family crystallographically resolved in multiple states: outward-facing open, outward-facing occluded, and inward-facing open. Yet, a complete picture of the energy landscape of (sub)states visited along the LeuT transport cycle has been elusive. In an attempt to visualize the conformational spectrum of LeuT, we performed extensive simulations of LeuT dimer dynamics in the presence of substrate (Ala or Leu) and co-transported Na(+) ions, in explicit membrane and water. We used both conventional molecular dynamics (MD) simulations (with Anton supercomputing machine) and a recently introduced method, collective MD, that takes advantage of collective modes of motions predicted by the anisotropic network model. Free energy landscapes constructed based on ∼40 μs trajectories reveal multiple substates occluded to the extracellular (EC) and/or intracellular (IC) media, varying in the levels of exposure of LeuT to EC or IC vestibules. The IC-facing transmembrane (TM) helical segment TM1a shows an opening, albeit to a smaller extent and in a slightly different direction than that observed in the inward-facing open crystal structure. The study provides insights into the spectrum of conformational substates and paths accessible to LeuT and highlights the differences between Ala- and Leu-bound substates.

Energy landscape of LeuT from molecular simulations

PubMed Central

Gur, Mert; Zomot, Elia; Cheng, Mary Hongying; Bahar, Ivet

2015-01-01

The bacterial sodium-coupled leucine transporter (LeuT) has been broadly used as a structural model for understanding the structure-dynamics-function of mammalian neurotransmitter transporters as well as other solute carriers that share the same fold (LeuT fold), as the first member of the family crystallographically resolved in multiple states: outward-facing open, outward-facing occluded, and inward-facing open. Yet, a complete picture of the energy landscape of (sub)states visited along the LeuT transport cycle has been elusive. In an attempt to visualize the conformational spectrum of LeuT, we performed extensive simulations of LeuT dimer dynamics in the presence of substrate (Ala or Leu) and co-transported Na+ ions, in explicit membrane and water. We used both conventional molecular dynamics (MD) simulations (with Anton supercomputing machine) and a recently introduced method, collective MD, that takes advantage of collective modes of motions predicted by the anisotropic network model. Free energy landscapes constructed based on ∼40 μs trajectories reveal multiple substates occluded to the extracellular (EC) and/or intracellular (IC) media, varying in the levels of exposure of LeuT to EC or IC vestibules. The IC-facing transmembrane (TM) helical segment TM1a shows an opening, albeit to a smaller extent and in a slightly different direction than that observed in the inward-facing open crystal structure. The study provides insights into the spectrum of conformational substates and paths accessible to LeuT and highlights the differences between Ala- and Leu-bound substates. PMID:26723619

Smart radio: spectrum access for first responders

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Silvius, Mark D.; Ge, Feng; Young, Alex; MacKenzie, Allen B.; Bostian, Charles W.

2008-04-01

This paper details the Wireless at Virginia Tech Center for Wireless Telecommunications' (CWT) design and implementation of its Smart Radio (SR) communication platform. The CWT SR can identify available spectrum within a pre-defined band, rendezvous with an intended receiver, and transmit voice and data using a selected quality of service (QoS). This system builds upon previous cognitive technologies developed by CWT for the public safety community, with the goal of providing a prototype mobile communications package for military and public safety First Responders. A master control (MC) enables spectrum awareness by characterizing the radio environment with a power spectrum sensor and an innovative signal detection and classification module. The MC also enables spectrum and signal memory by storing sensor results in a knowledge database. By utilizing a family radio service (FRS) waveform database, the CWT SR can create a new communication link on any designated FRS channel frequency using FM, BPSK, QPSK, or 8PSK modulations. With FM, it supports analog voice communications with legacy hand-held FRS radios. With digital modulations, it supports IP data services, including a CWT developed CVSD-based VoIP protocol. The CWT SR coordinates spectrum sharing between analog primary users and digital secondary users by applying a simple but effective channel-change protocol. It also demonstrates a novel rendezvous protocol to facilitate the detection and initialization of communications links with neighboring SR nodes through the transmission of frequency-hopped rendezvous beacons. By leveraging the GNU Radio toolkit, writing key modules entirely in Python, and utilizing the USRP hardware front-end, the CWT SR provides a dynamic spectrum test bed for future smart and cognitive radio research.

47 CFR 22.853 - Eligibility to hold interest in licenses limited to 3 MHz of spectrum.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... limited to 3 MHz of spectrum. 22.853 Section 22.853 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION... Aviation Air-Ground Systems § 22.853 Eligibility to hold interest in licenses limited to 3 MHz of spectrum... authorizing the use of more than three megahertz of spectrum (either shared or exclusive) in the 800 MHz...

47 CFR 22.853 - Eligibility to hold interest in licenses limited to 3 MHz of spectrum.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... limited to 3 MHz of spectrum. 22.853 Section 22.853 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION... Aviation Air-Ground Systems § 22.853 Eligibility to hold interest in licenses limited to 3 MHz of spectrum... authorizing the use of more than three megahertz of spectrum (either shared or exclusive) in the 800 MHz...

47 CFR 22.853 - Eligibility to hold interest in licenses limited to 3 MHz of spectrum.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... limited to 3 MHz of spectrum. 22.853 Section 22.853 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION... Aviation Air-Ground Systems § 22.853 Eligibility to hold interest in licenses limited to 3 MHz of spectrum... authorizing the use of more than three megahertz of spectrum (either shared or exclusive) in the 800 MHz...

47 CFR 22.853 - Eligibility to hold interest in licenses limited to 3 MHz of spectrum.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... limited to 3 MHz of spectrum. 22.853 Section 22.853 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION... Aviation Air-Ground Systems § 22.853 Eligibility to hold interest in licenses limited to 3 MHz of spectrum... authorizing the use of more than three megahertz of spectrum (either shared or exclusive) in the 800 MHz...

Divergent Thinking Abilities across the Schizophrenic Spectrum and Other Psychological Correlates

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rodrigue, Amanda L.; Perkins, David R.

2012-01-01

The literature on the connection between psychopathology and creativity is vast and recent research has focused on the relationship between the schizophrenic spectrum and creativity. The schizophrenic spectrum includes genetically related disorders that share certain symptom features. It has been suggested that schizotypal personality disorder, a…

47 CFR 214.5 - Responsibilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... COORDINATION OF THE RADIO SPECTRUM DURING A WARTIME EMERGENCY § 214.5 Responsibilities. (a) The Director, OSTP... of the Radio Spectrum as may be necessary to ensure the effective use of those portions of the radio spectrum shared by Government and non-governments users. (c) The FCC shall assist the Director in the...

78 FR 18374 - Promoting Economic Efficiency in Spectrum Use: WSRD SSG Workshop IV

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-26

... NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION Promoting Economic Efficiency in Spectrum Use: WSRD SSG Workshop IV... important next step, the economic and policy research that is needed to promote an efficient and shared spectrum environment. Submitted by the National Science Foundation for the National Coordination Office...

System Dynamics Modeling for Supply Chain Information Sharing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Feng, Yang

In this paper, we try to use the method of system dynamics to model supply chain information sharing. Firstly, we determine the model boundaries, establish system dynamics model of supply chain before information sharing, analyze the model's simulation results under different changed parameters and suggest improvement proposal. Then, we establish system dynamics model of supply chain information sharing and make comparison and analysis on the two model's simulation results, to show the importance of information sharing in supply chain management. We wish that all these simulations would provide scientific supports for enterprise decision-making.

Dynamic load-sharing characteristic analysis of face gear power-split gear system based on tooth contact characteristics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dong, Hao; Hu, Yahui

2018-04-01

The bend-torsion coupling dynamics load-sharing model of the helicopter face gear split torque transmission system is established by using concentrated quality standard, to analyzing the dynamic load-sharing characteristic. The mathematical models include nonlinear support stiffness, time-varying meshing stiffness, damping, gear backlash. The results showed that the errors collectively influenced the load sharing characteristics, only reduce a certain error, it is never fully reached the perfect loading sharing characteristics. The system load-sharing performance can be improved through floating shaft support. The above-method will provide a theoretical basis and data support for its dynamic performance optimization design.

47 CFR 27.1307 - Spectrum use in the network.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Spectrum use in the network. 27.1307 Section 27... network. (a) Spectrum use. The shared wireless broadband network developed by the 700 MHz Public/Private... from the primary public safety operations in the 763-768 MHz and 793-798 MHz bands. The network...

47 CFR 27.1307 - Spectrum use in the network.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Spectrum use in the network. 27.1307 Section 27... network. (a) Spectrum use. The shared wireless broadband network developed by the 700 MHz Public/Private... from the primary public safety operations in the 763-768 MHz and 793-798 MHz bands. The network...

Assisted Reproductive Technology Has No Association with Autism Spectrum Disorders: The Taiwan Birth Cohort Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lung, For-Wey; Chiang, Tung-Liang; Lin, Shio-Jean; Lee, Meng-Chih; Shu, Bih-Ching

2018-01-01

The use of assisted reproduction technology has increased over the last two decades. Autism spectrum disorders and assisted reproduction technology share many risk factors. However, previous studies on the association between autism spectrum disorders and assisted reproduction technology have shown inconsistent results. The purpose of this study…

Quantum game application to spectrum scarcity problems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zabaleta, O. G.; Barrangú, J. P.; Arizmendi, C. M.

2017-01-01

Recent spectrum-sharing research has produced a strategy to address spectrum scarcity problems. This novel idea, named cognitive radio, considers that secondary users can opportunistically exploit spectrum holes left temporarily unused by primary users. This presents a competitive scenario among cognitive users, making it suitable for game theory treatment. In this work, we show that the spectrum-sharing benefits of cognitive radio can be increased by designing a medium access control based on quantum game theory. In this context, we propose a model to manage spectrum fairly and effectively, based on a multiple-users multiple-choice quantum minority game. By taking advantage of quantum entanglement and quantum interference, it is possible to reduce the probability of collision problems commonly associated with classic algorithms. Collision avoidance is an essential property for classic and quantum communications systems. In our model, two different scenarios are considered, to meet the requirements of different user strategies. The first considers sensor networks where the rational use of energy is a cornerstone; the second focuses on installations where the quality of service of the entire network is a priority.

Orbit-spectrum sharing between the fixed-satellite and broadcasting-satellite services with applications to 12 GHz domestic systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Reinhart, E. E.

1974-01-01

A systematic, tutorial analysis of the general problem of orbit-spectrum sharing among inhomogeneous satellite system is presented. Emphasis is placed on extrapolating and applying the available data on rain attenuation and on reconciling differences in the results of various measurements of the subjective effects of interference on television picture quality. An analytic method is presented for determining the approximate values of the intersatellite spacings required to keep mutual interference levels within prescribed limits when many dissimilar satellites share the orbit. A computer model was developed for assessing the interference compatibility of arbitrary configurations of large numbers of geostationary satellite systems. It is concluded that the band from 11.7 c GHz can be shared effectively by broadcasting-satellite and fixed-satellite systems. Recommendations for future study are included.

Manifestations of Dynamical Localization in the Disordered XXZ Spin Chain

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Elgart, Alexander; Klein, Abel; Stolz, Günter

2018-04-01

We study disordered XXZ spin chains in the Ising phase exhibiting droplet localization, a single cluster localization property we previously proved for random XXZ spin chains. It holds in an energy interval I near the bottom of the spectrum, known as the droplet spectrum. We establish dynamical manifestations of localization in the energy window I, including non-spreading of information, zero-velocity Lieb-Robinson bounds, and general dynamical clustering. Our results do not rely on knowledge of the dynamical characteristics of the model outside the droplet spectrum. A byproduct of our analysis is that for random XXZ spin chains this droplet localization can happen only inside the droplet spectrum.

Dynamic Singularity Spectrum Distribution of Sea Clutter

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xiong, Gang; Yu, Wenxian; Zhang, Shuning

2015-12-01

The fractal and multifractal theory have provided new approaches for radar signal processing and target-detecting under the background of ocean. However, the related research mainly focuses on fractal dimension or multifractal spectrum (MFS) of sea clutter. In this paper, a new dynamic singularity analysis method of sea clutter using MFS distribution is developed, based on moving detrending analysis (DMA-MFSD). Theoretically, we introduce the time information by using cyclic auto-correlation of sea clutter. For transient correlation series, the instantaneous singularity spectrum based on multifractal detrending moving analysis (MF-DMA) algorithm is calculated, and the dynamic singularity spectrum distribution of sea clutter is acquired. In addition, we analyze the time-varying singularity exponent ranges and maximum position function in DMA-MFSD of sea clutter. For the real sea clutter data, we analyze the dynamic singularity spectrum distribution of real sea clutter in level III sea state, and conclude that the radar sea clutter has the non-stationary and time-varying scale characteristic and represents the time-varying singularity spectrum distribution based on the proposed DMA-MFSD method. The DMA-MFSD will also provide reference for nonlinear dynamics and multifractal signal processing.

47 CFR 27.1160 - Cost-sharing requirements for AWS.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... benefit from the clearance of this spectrum by other AWS entities or by a voluntarily relocating microwave... specified in §§ 22.602 and 101.69 of this chapter. If an AWS licensee enters into a spectrum leasing arrangement (as set forth in part 1, subpart X of this chapter) and the spectrum lessee triggers a cost...

47 CFR 27.1237 - Pro rata allocation of transition costs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

...) Proponent-driven transitions. BRS licensees and lessees, entities that lease EBS spectrum for a commercial... equals the pro rata share; (2) L equals the amount of spectrum used by a BRS licensee or lessee or... agreement with an EBS or BRS licensee; (3) T equals the total amount of spectrum licensed or leased for...

47 CFR 27.1237 - Pro rata allocation of transition costs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

...) Proponent-driven transitions. BRS licensees and lessees, entities that lease EBS spectrum for a commercial... equals the pro rata share; (2) L equals the amount of spectrum used by a BRS licensee or lessee or... agreement with an EBS or BRS licensee; (3) T equals the total amount of spectrum licensed or leased for...

47 CFR 27.1237 - Pro rata allocation of transition costs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

...) Proponent-driven transitions. BRS licensees and lessees, entities that lease EBS spectrum for a commercial... equals the pro rata share; (2) L equals the amount of spectrum used by a BRS licensee or lessee or... agreement with an EBS or BRS licensee; (3) T equals the total amount of spectrum licensed or leased for...

Simulating the multicellular homeostasis with a cell-based discrete receptor dynamics model: The non-mutational origin of cancer and aging.

PubMed

Lou, Yuting; Chen, Yu

2016-09-07

The purpose of the study is to investigate the multicellular homeostasis in epithelial tissues over very large timescales. Inspired by the receptor dynamics of IBCell model proposed by Rejniak et al. an on-grid agent-based model for multicellular system is constructed. Instead of observing the multicellular architectural morphologies, the diversity of homeostatic states is quantitatively analyzed through a substantial number of simulations by measuring three new order parameters, the phenotypic population structure, the average proliferation age and the relaxation time to stable homeostasis. Nearby the interfaces of distinct homeostatic phases in 3D phase diagrams of the three order parameters, intermediate quasi-stable phases of slow dynamics that features quasi-stability with a large spectrum of relaxation timescales are found. A further exploration on the static and dynamic correlations among the three order parameters reveals that the quasi-stable phases evolve towards two terminations, tumorigenesis and degeneration, which are respectively accompanied by rejuvenation and aging. With the exclusion of the environmental impact and the mutational strategies, the results imply that cancer and aging may share the non-mutational origin in the intrinsic slow dynamics of the multicellular systems. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Interference tables: a useful model for interference analysis in asynchronous multicarrier transmission

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Medjahdi, Yahia; Terré, Michel; Ruyet, Didier Le; Roviras, Daniel

2014-12-01

In this paper, we investigate the impact of timing asynchronism on the performance of multicarrier techniques in a spectrum coexistence context. Two multicarrier schemes are considered: cyclic prefix-based orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CP-OFDM) with a rectangular pulse shape and filter bank-based multicarrier (FBMC) with physical layer for dynamic spectrum access and cognitive radio (PHYDYAS) and isotropic orthogonal transform algorithm (IOTA) waveforms. First, we present the general concept of the so-called power spectral density (PSD)-based interference tables which are commonly used for multicarrier interference characterization in spectrum sharing context. After highlighting the limits of this approach, we propose a new family of interference tables called `instantaneous interference tables'. The proposed tables give the interference power caused by a given interfering subcarrier on a victim one, not only as a function of the spectral distance separating both subcarriers but also with respect to the timing misalignment between the subcarrier holders. In contrast to the PSD-based interference tables, the accuracy of the proposed tables has been validated through different simulation results. Furthermore, due to the better frequency localization of both PHYDYAS and IOTA waveforms, FBMC technique is demonstrated to be more robust to timing asynchronism compared to OFDM one. Such a result makes FBMC a potential candidate for the physical layer of future cognitive radio systems.

Epilepsy, autism, and neurodevelopment: kindling a shared vulnerability?

PubMed

Gilby, Krista L; O'Brien, Terence J

2013-03-01

Epilepsy and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) share many primary and comorbid symptoms. The degree of clinical overlap is believed to signify a 'spectrum of vulnerability' that arises out of an early common dysfunction in central nervous system development. However, research into the underlying, and potentially shared, etiopathological mechanisms is challenging given the extensive comorbidity profiles. Adding to the degree of difficulty is the frequently evolving recompartmentalization of diagnostic criteria within each disorder. This review discusses potential preclinical strategies that, through the use of animal models, are designed to gain insight into the biological basis of the overlap between epilepsy and autism and to foster a rapid clinical translation of the insights gained. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

2004 EW95: A Phyllosilicate-bearing Carbonaceous Asteroid in the Kuiper Belt

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Seccull, Tom; Fraser, Wesley C.; Puzia, Thomas H.; Brown, Michael E.; Schönebeck, Frederik

2018-03-01

Models of the Solar System’s dynamical evolution predict the dispersal of primitive planetesimals from their formative regions among the gas-giant planets due to the early phases of planetary migration. Consequently, carbonaceous objects were scattered both into the outer asteroid belt and out to the Kuiper Belt. These models predict that the Kuiper Belt should contain a small fraction of objects with carbonaceous surfaces, though to date, all reported visible reflectance spectra of small Kuiper Belt Objects (KBOs) are linear and featureless. We report the unusual reflectance spectrum of a small KBO, (120216) 2004 EW95, exhibiting a large drop in its near-UV reflectance and a broad shallow optical absorption feature centered at ∼700 nm, which is detected at greater than 4σ significance. These features, confirmed through multiple epochs of spectral photometry and spectroscopy, have respectively been associated with ferric oxides and phyllosilicates. The spectrum bears striking resemblance to those of some C-type asteroids, suggesting that 2004 EW95 may share a common origin with those objects. 2004 EW95 orbits the Sun in a stable mean motion resonance with Neptune, at relatively high eccentricity and inclination, suggesting it may have been emplaced there by some past dynamical instability. These results appear consistent with the aforementioned model predictions and are the first to show a reliably confirmed detection of silicate material on a small KBO.

'Bounce' and Shergotty Share Common Ground

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2004-01-01

This illustration compares the spectrum of 'Bounce,' a rock at Meridiani Planum, to that of a martian meteorite found on Earth called Shergotty. Bounce's spectrum, and thus mineral composition, is unique to the rocks studied so far at Merdiani Planum and Gusev Crater, the landings sites of the Mars Exploration Rovers Opportunity and Spirit. However, the results here indicate that Bounce is not a one-of-a-kind rock, but shares origins with Shergotty. Shergotty landed in India in 1865. Bounce's spectra were taken on sol 67 by Opportunity's Moessbauer spectrometer.

Dynamic spectrum management: an impact on EW systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gajewski, P.; Łopatka, J.; Suchanski, M.

2017-04-01

Rapid evolution of wireless systems caused an enormous growth of data streams transmitted through the networks and, as a consequence, an accompanying demand concerning spectrum resources (SR). An avoidance of advisable disturbances is one of the main demands in military communications. To solve the interference problems, dynamic spectrum management (DSM) techniques can be used. Two main techniques are possible: centralized Coordinated Dynamic Spectrum Access (CDSA) and distributed Opportunistic Spectrum Access (OSA). CDSA enables the wireless networks planning automation, and systems dynamic reaction to random changes of Radio Environment (RE). For OSA, cognitive radio (CR) is the most promising technology that enables avoidance of interference with the other spectrum users due to CR's transmission parameters adaptation to the current radio situation, according to predefined Radio Policies rules. If DSM techniques are used, the inherent changes in EW systems are also needed. On one hand, new techniques of jamming should be elaborated, on the other hand, the rules and protocols of cooperation between communication network and EW systems should be developed.

Remote sensing frequency sharing studies, tasks 1, 2, 5, and 6

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Boyd, Douglas; Tillotson, Tom

1986-01-01

The following tasks are discussed: adjacent and harmonic band analysis; analysis of impact of sensor resolution on interference; development of performance criteria, interference criteria, sharing criteria, and coordination criteria; and spectrum engineering for NASA microwave sensor projects.

Joint subchannel pairing and power control for cognitive radio networks with amplify-and-forward relaying.

PubMed

Shen, Yanyan; Wang, Shuqiang; Wei, Zhiming

2014-01-01

Dynamic spectrum sharing has drawn intensive attention in cognitive radio networks. The secondary users are allowed to use the available spectrum to transmit data if the interference to the primary users is maintained at a low level. Cooperative transmission for secondary users can reduce the transmission power and thus improve the performance further. We study the joint subchannel pairing and power allocation problem in relay-based cognitive radio networks. The objective is to maximize the sum rate of the secondary user that is helped by an amplify-and-forward relay. The individual power constraints at the source and the relay, the subchannel pairing constraints, and the interference power constraints are considered. The problem under consideration is formulated as a mixed integer programming problem. By the dual decomposition method, a joint optimal subchannel pairing and power allocation algorithm is proposed. To reduce the computational complexity, two suboptimal algorithms are developed. Simulations have been conducted to verify the performance of the proposed algorithms in terms of sum rate and average running time under different conditions.

Comparison of RF spectrum prediction methods for dynamic spectrum access

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kovarskiy, Jacob A.; Martone, Anthony F.; Gallagher, Kyle A.; Sherbondy, Kelly D.; Narayanan, Ram M.

2017-05-01

Dynamic spectrum access (DSA) refers to the adaptive utilization of today's busy electromagnetic spectrum. Cognitive radio/radar technologies require DSA to intelligently transmit and receive information in changing environments. Predicting radio frequency (RF) activity reduces sensing time and energy consumption for identifying usable spectrum. Typical spectrum prediction methods involve modeling spectral statistics with Hidden Markov Models (HMM) or various neural network structures. HMMs describe the time-varying state probabilities of Markov processes as a dynamic Bayesian network. Neural Networks model biological brain neuron connections to perform a wide range of complex and often non-linear computations. This work compares HMM, Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), and Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) algorithms and their ability to perform RF channel state prediction. Monte Carlo simulations on both measured and simulated spectrum data evaluate the performance of these algorithms. Generalizing spectrum occupancy as an alternating renewal process allows Poisson random variables to generate simulated data while energy detection determines the occupancy state of measured RF spectrum data for testing. The results suggest that neural networks achieve better prediction accuracy and prove more adaptable to changing spectral statistics than HMMs given sufficient training data.

Shared and Disorder-Specific Neurocomputational Mechanisms of Decision-Making in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.

PubMed

Carlisi, Christina O; Norman, Luke; Murphy, Clodagh M; Christakou, Anastasia; Chantiluke, Kaylita; Giampietro, Vincent; Simmons, Andrew; Brammer, Michael; Murphy, Declan G; Mataix-Cols, David; Rubia, Katya

2017-12-01

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) often share phenotypes of repetitive behaviors, possibly underpinned by abnormal decision-making. To compare neural correlates underlying decision-making between these disorders, brain activation of boys with ASD (N = 24), OCD (N = 20) and typically developing controls (N = 20) during gambling was compared, and computational modeling compared performance. Patients were unimpaired on number of risky decisions, but modeling showed that both patient groups had lower choice consistency and relied less on reinforcement learning compared to controls. ASD individuals had disorder-specific choice perseverance abnormalities compared to OCD individuals. Neurofunctionally, ASD and OCD boys shared dorsolateral/inferior frontal underactivation compared to controls during decision-making. During outcome anticipation, patients shared underactivation compared to controls in lateral inferior/orbitofrontal cortex and ventral striatum. During reward receipt, ASD boys had disorder-specific enhanced activation in inferior frontal/insular regions relative to OCD boys and controls. Results showed that ASD and OCD individuals shared decision-making strategies that differed from controls to achieve comparable performance to controls. Patients showed shared abnormalities in lateral-(orbito)fronto-striatal reward circuitry, but ASD boys had disorder-specific lateral inferior frontal/insular overactivation, suggesting that shared and disorder-specific mechanisms underpin decision-making in these disorders. Findings provide evidence for shared neurobiological substrates that could serve as possible future biomarkers. © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press.

76 FR 81991 - National Spectrum Sharing Research Experimentation, Validation, Verification, Demonstration and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-29

... non-federal community, including the academic, commercial, and public safety sectors, to implement a..., Verification, Demonstration and Trials: Technical Workshop II on Coordinating Federal Government/Private Sector Spectrum Innovation Testing Needs AGENCY: The National Coordination Office (NCO) for Networking and...

Structural Brain Abnormalities in Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Patients with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brieber, Sarah; Neufang, Susanne; Bruning, Nicole; Kamp-Becker, Inge; Remschmidt, Helmut; Herpertz-Dahlmann, Beate; Fink, Gereon R.; Konrad, Kerstin

2007-01-01

Background: Although autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are two distinct neurodevelopmental diseases, they share behavioural, neuropsychological and neurobiological characteristics. For the identification of endophenotypes across diagnostic categories, further investigations of phenotypic overlap…

The exact thermal rotational spectrum of a two-dimensional rigid rotor obtained using Gaussian wave packet dynamics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Reimers, J. R.; Heller, E. J.

1985-01-01

The exact thermal rotational spectrum of a two-dimensional rigid rotor is obtained using Gaussian wave packet dynamics. The spectrum is obtained by propagating, without approximation, infinite sets of Gaussian wave packets. These sets are constructed so that collectively they have the correct periodicity, and indeed, are coherent states appropriate to this problem. Also, simple, almost classical, approximations to full wave packet dynamics are shown to give results which are either exact or very nearly exact. Advantages of the use of Gaussian wave packet dynamics over conventional linear response theory are discussed.

A Twin Study of Heritable and Shared Environmental Contributions to Autism

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Frazier, Thomas W.; Thompson, Lee; Youngstrom, Eric A.; Law, Paul; Hardan, Antonio Y.; Eng, Charis; Morris, Nathan

2014-01-01

The present study examined genetic and shared environment contributions to quantitatively-measured autism symptoms and categorically-defined autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Participants included 568 twins from the Interactive Autism Network. Autism symptoms were obtained using the Social Communication Questionnaire and Social Responsiveness…

A classical twin study of PTSD symptoms and resilience: Evidence for a single spectrum of vulnerability to traumatic stress.

PubMed

Wolf, Erika J; Miller, Mark W; Sullivan, Danielle R; Amstadter, Ananda B; Mitchell, Karen S; Goldberg, Jack; Magruder, Kathryn M

2018-02-01

To examine shared genetic and environmental risk factors across PTSD symptoms and resilience. Classical twin study of 2010-2012 survey data conducted among 3,318 male twin pairs in the Vietnam Era Twin Registry. Analyses included: (a) estimates of genetic and environmental influences on PTSD symptom severity (as measured by the PTSD Checklist) and resilience (assessed with the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale-10); (b) development of a latent model of traumatic stress, spanning both PTSD and resilience; and (c) estimates of genetic and environmental influences on this spectrum. The heritability of PTSD was 49% and of resilience was 25%. PTSD and resilience were correlated at r = -.59, and 59% of this correlation was attributable to a single genetic factor, whereas the remainder was due to a single non-shared environment factor. Resilience was also influenced by common and unique environmental factors not shared with PTSD, but there was no genetic factor specific to resilience. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the Development of a revised phenotype reflecting the broader dimension of traumatic stress, with biometric models suggesting increased heritability (66%) of this spectrum compared to PTSD or resilience individually. Genetic factors contribute to a single spectrum of traumatic stress reflecting resilience at one end and high symptom severity at the other. This carries implications for phenotype refinement in the search for molecular genetic markers of trauma-related psychopathology. Rather than focusing only on genetic risk for PTSD, molecular genetics research may benefit from evaluation of the broader spectrum of traumatic stress. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Shared familial transmission of autism spectrum and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders.

PubMed

Musser, Erica D; Hawkey, Elizabeth; Kachan-Liu, Svetlana S; Lees, Paul; Roullet, Jean-Baptiste; Goddard, Katrina; Steiner, Robert D; Nigg, Joel T

2014-07-01

To determine whether familial transmission is shared between autism spectrum disorders and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, we assessed the prevalence, rates of comorbidity, and familial transmission of both disorders in a large population-based sample of children during a recent 7 year period. Study participants included all children born to parents with the Kaiser Permanente Northwest (KPNW) Health Plan between 1 January 1998 and 31 December 2004 (n = 35,073). Children and mothers with physician-identified autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and/or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were identified via electronic medical records maintained for all KPNW members. Among children aged 6-12 years, prevalence was 2.0% for ADHD and 0.8% for ASD; within those groups, 0.2% of the full sample (19% of the ASD sample and 9.6% of the ADHD sample) had co-occurring ASD and ADHD, when all children were included. When mothers had a diagnosis of ADHD, first born offspring were at 6-fold risk of ADHD alone (OR = 5.02, p < .0001) and at 2.5-fold risk of ASD alone (OR = 2.52, p < .01). Results were not accounted for by maternal age, child gestational age, child gender, and child race. Autism spectrum disorders shares familial transmission with ADHD. ADHD and ASD have a partially overlapping diathesis. © 2014 The Authors. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. © 2014 Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health.

Dynamic segment shared protection for multicast traffic in meshed wavelength-division-multiplexing optical networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liao, Luhua; Li, Lemin; Wang, Sheng

2006-12-01

We investigate the protection approach for dynamic multicast traffic under shared risk link group (SRLG) constraints in meshed wavelength-division-multiplexing optical networks. We present a shared protection algorithm called dynamic segment shared protection for multicast traffic (DSSPM), which can dynamically adjust the link cost according to the current network state and can establish a primary light-tree as well as corresponding SRLG-disjoint backup segments for a dependable multicast connection. A backup segment can efficiently share the wavelength capacity of its working tree and the common resources of other backup segments based on SRLG-disjoint constraints. The simulation results show that DSSPM not only can protect the multicast sessions against a single-SRLG breakdown, but can make better use of the wavelength resources and also lower the network blocking probability.

Associations among Vocabulary, Executive Function Skills and Empathy in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cascia, JoAnne; Barr, Jason J.

2017-01-01

Background: Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have been characterized as having deficits in social communication and empathy which present difficulties in the areas of social reciprocity, sharing of emotions and developing and maintaining relationships. This study explores the associations between vocabulary, executive function…

Spectrum Sharing Based on a Bertrand Game in Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks

PubMed Central

Zeng, Biqing; Zhang, Chi; Hu, Pianpian; Wang, Shengyu

2017-01-01

In the study of power control and allocation based on pricing, the utility of secondary users is usually studied from the perspective of the signal to noise ratio. The study of secondary user utility from the perspective of communication demand can not only promote the secondary users to meet the maximum communication needs, but also to maximize the utilization of spectrum resources, however, research in this area is lacking, so from the viewpoint of meeting the demand of network communication, this paper designs a two stage model to solve spectrum leasing and allocation problem in cognitive radio sensor networks (CRSNs). In the first stage, the secondary base station collects the secondary network communication requirements, and rents spectrum resources from several primary base stations using the Bertrand game to model the transaction behavior of the primary base station and secondary base station. The second stage, the subcarriers and power allocation problem of secondary base stations is defined as a nonlinear programming problem to be solved based on Nash bargaining. The simulation results show that the proposed model can satisfy the communication requirements of each user in a fair and efficient way compared to other spectrum sharing schemes. PMID:28067850

The dynamics of shared leadership: building trust and enhancing performance.

PubMed

Drescher, Marcus A; Korsgaard, M Audrey; Welpe, Isabell M; Picot, Arnold; Wigand, Rolf T

2014-09-01

In this study, we examined how the dynamics of shared leadership are related to group performance. We propose that, over time, the expansion of shared leadership within groups is related to growth in group trust. In turn, growth in group trust is related to performance improvement. Longitudinal data from 142 groups engaged in a strategic simulation game over a 4-month period provide support for positive changes in trust mediating the relationship between positive changes in shared leadership and positive changes in performance. Our findings contribute to the literature on shared leadership and group dynamics by demonstrating how the growth in shared leadership contributes to the emergence of trust and a positive performance trend over time. PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved.

Synchronization of world economic activity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Groth, Andreas; Ghil, Michael

2017-12-01

Common dynamical properties of business cycle fluctuations are studied in a sample of more than 100 countries that represent economic regions from all around the world. We apply the methodology of multivariate singular spectrum analysis (M-SSA) to identify oscillatory modes and to detect whether these modes are shared by clusters of phase- and frequency-locked oscillators. An extension of the M-SSA approach is introduced to help analyze structural changes in the cluster configuration of synchronization. With this novel technique, we are able to identify a common mode of business cycle activity across our sample, and thus point to the existence of a world business cycle. Superimposed on this mode, we further identify several major events that have markedly influenced the landscape of world economic activity in the postwar era.

Synchronization of world economic activity.

PubMed

Groth, Andreas; Ghil, Michael

2017-12-01

Common dynamical properties of business cycle fluctuations are studied in a sample of more than 100 countries that represent economic regions from all around the world. We apply the methodology of multivariate singular spectrum analysis (M-SSA) to identify oscillatory modes and to detect whether these modes are shared by clusters of phase- and frequency-locked oscillators. An extension of the M-SSA approach is introduced to help analyze structural changes in the cluster configuration of synchronization. With this novel technique, we are able to identify a common mode of business cycle activity across our sample, and thus point to the existence of a world business cycle. Superimposed on this mode, we further identify several major events that have markedly influenced the landscape of world economic activity in the postwar era.

78 FR 68813 - Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-15

... planned radio frequency (RF) bands that are shared on a co-primary basis by Federal and non-Federal users... newly proposed assignment within the shared portions of the radio spectrum; and replaced the manual RF... national security. The Web-based system replaced a manual process where coordination and approval could...

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and Diet

MedlinePlus

... affects brain function, particularly in the areas of social interaction and communication skills. Classic symptoms include delayed talking, ... plenty of fluids and regular physical activity. Medication interactions. Some stimulant medications used with autism, such as Ritalin, ... on its usage. Marketing Cookies We use some social sharing plugins, to allow you to share certain ...

Analysis of neutron spectrum effects on primary damage in tritium breeding blankets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Choi, Yong Hee; Joo, Han Gyu

2012-07-01

The effect of neutron spectrum on primary damages in a structural material of a tritium breeding blanket is investigated with a newly established recoil spectrum estimation system. First, a recoil spectrum generation code is developed to obtain the energy spectrum of primary knock-on atoms (PKAs) for a given neutron spectrum utilizing the latest ENDF/B data. Secondly, a method for approximating the high energy tail of the recoil spectrum is introduced to avoid expensive molecular dynamics calculations for high energy PKAs using the concept of recoil energy of the secondary knock-on atoms originated by the INtegration of CAScades (INCAS) model. Thirdly, the modified spectrum is combined with a set of molecular dynamics calculation results to estimate the primary damage parameters such as the number of surviving point defects. Finally, the neutron spectrum is varied by changing the material of the spectral shifter and the result in primary damage parameters is examined.

Parametric spectro-temporal analyzer (PASTA) for real-time optical spectrum observation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Chi; Xu, Jianbing; Chui, P. C.; Wong, Kenneth K. Y.

2013-06-01

Real-time optical spectrum analysis is an essential tool in observing ultrafast phenomena, such as the dynamic monitoring of spectrum evolution. However, conventional method such as optical spectrum analyzers disperse the spectrum in space and allocate it in time sequence by mechanical rotation of a grating, so are incapable of operating at high speed. A more recent method all-optically stretches the spectrum in time domain, but is limited by the allowable input condition. In view of these constraints, here we present a real-time spectrum analyzer called parametric spectro-temporal analyzer (PASTA), which is based on the time-lens focusing mechanism. It achieves a frame rate as high as 100 MHz and accommodates various input conditions. As a proof of concept and also for the first time, we verify its applications in observing the dynamic spectrum of a Fourier domain mode-locked laser, and the spectrum evolution of a laser cavity during its stabilizing process.

Assured Information Sharing for Ad-Hoc Collaboration

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jin, Jing

2009-01-01

Collaborative information sharing tends to be highly dynamic and often ad hoc among organizations. The dynamic natures and sharing patterns in ad-hoc collaboration impose a need for a comprehensive and flexible approach to reflecting and coping with the unique access control requirements associated with the environment. This dissertation…

Regression in autistic spectrum disorders.

PubMed

Stefanatos, Gerry A

2008-12-01

A significant proportion of children diagnosed with Autistic Spectrum Disorder experience a developmental regression characterized by a loss of previously-acquired skills. This may involve a loss of speech or social responsitivity, but often entails both. This paper critically reviews the phenomena of regression in autistic spectrum disorders, highlighting the characteristics of regression, age of onset, temporal course, and long-term outcome. Important considerations for diagnosis are discussed and multiple etiological factors currently hypothesized to underlie the phenomenon are reviewed. It is argued that regressive autistic spectrum disorders can be conceptualized on a spectrum with other regressive disorders that may share common pathophysiological features. The implications of this viewpoint are discussed.

Sensory Clusters of Toddlers with Autism Spectrum Disorders: Differences in Affective Symptoms

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ben-Sasson, A.; Cermak, S. A.; Orsmond, G. I.; Tager-Flusberg, H.; Kadlec, M. B.; Carter, A. S.

2008-01-01

Background: Individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) show variability in their sensory behaviors. In this study we identified clusters of toddlers with ASDs who shared sensory profiles and examined differences in affective symptoms across these clusters. Method: Using cluster analysis 170 toddlers with ASDs were grouped based on parent…

Evaluation of Planning Dysfunction in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Autistic Spectrum Disorders Using the Zoo Map Task

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Salcedo-Marin, M. D.; Moreno-Granados, J. M.; Ruiz-Veguilla, M.; Ferrin, M.

2013-01-01

Attention-Deficit-Hyperactivity-Disorders (ADHD) and Autistic-Spectrum-Disorders (ASD) share overlapping clinical and cognitive features that may confuse the diagnosis. Evaluation of executive problems and planning dysfunction may aid the clinical diagnostic process and help disentangle the neurobiological process underlying these conditions. This…

Efficacy of Peer Support Interventions in General Education Classrooms for High School Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Carter, Erik W.; Gustafson, Jenny R.; Sreckovic, Melissa A.; Dykstra Steinbrenner, Jessica R.; Pierce, Nigel P.; Bord, Aimee; Stabel, Aaron; Rogers, Sally; Czerw, Alicia; Mullins, Teagan

2017-01-01

Even with inclusive general education classrooms, high school students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often have few social interactions with classmates. Peer support arrangements hold promise for increasing peer interactions and shared learning within general education classrooms. However, previous evaluations of this intervention have…

Grandparents of Grandchildren with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD): Strengthening Relationships through Technology Activities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wright, Scott D.; D'Astous, Valerie; Wright, Cheryl A.; Diener, Marissa L.

2012-01-01

This study of grandparent-grandchild relationships was embedded in the context of technology workshops offered for young children on the autism spectrum. The purpose of this research was to examine the perspectives of six involved grandparents regarding their social interactions with their grandchildren in the context of this shared technology…

Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorders and Speech-Generating Devices: Communication in Different Activities at Home

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thunberg, Gunilla; Ahlsen, Elisabeth; Sandberg, Annika Dahlgren

2007-01-01

The communication of four children with autistic spectrum disorder was investigated when they were supplied with a speech-generating device (SGD) in three different activities in their home environment: mealtime, story reading and "sharing experiences of the preschool day". An activity based communication analysis, in which collective and…

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Trewartha, Daniel; Kamleh, Waseem; Leinweber, Derek B.

The influence of centre vortices on dynamical chiral symmetry breaking is investigated through the light hadron spectrum on the lattice. Recent studies of the quark propagator and other quantities have provided evidence that centre vortices are the fundamental objects underpinning dynamical chiral symmetry breaking in SU(3) gauge theory. For the first time, we use the chiral overlap fermion action to study the low-lying hadron spectrum on lattice ensembles consisting of Monte Carlo, vortex-removed, and vortex-projected gauge fields. We find that gauge field configurations consisting solely of smoothed centre vortices are capable of reproducing all the salient features of the hadronmore » spectrum, including dynamical chiral symmetry breaking. In conclusion, the hadron spectrum on vortex-removed fields shows clear signals of chiral symmetry restoration at light values of the bare quark mass, while at heavy masses the spectrum is consistent with a theory of weakly-interacting constituent quarks.« less

Centre vortex removal restores chiral symmetry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Trewartha, Daniel; Kamleh, Waseem; Leinweber, Derek B.

2017-12-01

The influence of centre vortices on dynamical chiral symmetry breaking is investigated through the light hadron spectrum on the lattice. Recent studies of the quark propagator and other quantities have provided evidence that centre vortices are the fundamental objects underpinning dynamical chiral symmetry breaking in {SU}(3) gauge theory. For the first time, we use the chiral overlap fermion action to study the low-lying hadron spectrum on lattice ensembles consisting of Monte Carlo, vortex-removed, and vortex-projected gauge fields. We find that gauge field configurations consisting solely of smoothed centre vortices are capable of reproducing all the salient features of the hadron spectrum, including dynamical chiral symmetry breaking. The hadron spectrum on vortex-removed fields shows clear signals of chiral symmetry restoration at light values of the bare quark mass, while at heavy masses the spectrum is consistent with a theory of weakly interacting constituent quarks.

Centre vortex removal restores chiral symmetry

DOE PAGES

Trewartha, Daniel; Kamleh, Waseem; Leinweber, Derek B.

2017-11-15

The influence of centre vortices on dynamical chiral symmetry breaking is investigated through the light hadron spectrum on the lattice. Recent studies of the quark propagator and other quantities have provided evidence that centre vortices are the fundamental objects underpinning dynamical chiral symmetry breaking in SU(3) gauge theory. For the first time, we use the chiral overlap fermion action to study the low-lying hadron spectrum on lattice ensembles consisting of Monte Carlo, vortex-removed, and vortex-projected gauge fields. We find that gauge field configurations consisting solely of smoothed centre vortices are capable of reproducing all the salient features of the hadronmore » spectrum, including dynamical chiral symmetry breaking. In conclusion, the hadron spectrum on vortex-removed fields shows clear signals of chiral symmetry restoration at light values of the bare quark mass, while at heavy masses the spectrum is consistent with a theory of weakly-interacting constituent quarks.« less

Dynamic Transfers Of Tasks Among Computers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Liu, Howard T.; Silvester, John A.

1989-01-01

Allocation scheme gives jobs to idle computers. Ideal resource-sharing algorithm should have following characteristics: Dynamics, decentralized, and heterogeneous. Proposed enhanced receiver-initiated dynamic algorithm (ERIDA) for resource sharing fulfills all above criteria. Provides method balancing workload among hosts, resulting in improvement in response time and throughput performance of total system. Adjusts dynamically to traffic load of each station.

Hybrid classical/quantum simulation for infrared spectroscopy of water

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Maekawa, Yuki; Sasaoka, Kenji; Ube, Takuji; Ishiguro, Takashi; Yamamoto, Takahiro

2018-05-01

We have developed a hybrid classical/quantum simulation method to calculate the infrared (IR) spectrum of water. The proposed method achieves much higher accuracy than conventional classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations at a much lower computational cost than ab initio MD simulations. The IR spectrum of water is obtained as an ensemble average of the eigenvalues of the dynamical matrix constructed by ab initio calculations, using the positions of oxygen atoms that constitute water molecules obtained from the classical MD simulation. The calculated IR spectrum is in excellent agreement with the experimental IR spectrum.

47 CFR 90.1211 - Regional plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Regional plan. 90.1211 Section 90.1211... § 90.1211 Regional plan. (a) To facilitate the shared use of the 4.9 GHz band, each region may submit a plan on guidelines to be used for sharing the spectrum within the region. Any such plan must be...

Multi-carrier modulation analysis and WCP-COQAM proposal

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lin, Hao; Siohan, Pierre

2014-12-01

In the vision towards future radio systems, where access to information and sharing of data is to be available anywhere and anytime to anyone for anything, a wide variety of applications and services are therefore envisioned. This naturally calls for a more flexible system to support. Moreover, the demand for drastically increased data traffic, as well as the fact of spectrum scarcity, would eventually force future spectrum access to a more dynamic fashion. For addressing the challenges, a powerful and flexible physical layer technology must be prepared, which naturally brings us to the question whether the legacy of the OFDM system can still fit in this context. In fact, during the past years, extensive research effort has been made in this area and several enhanced alternatives have been reported in the literature. Nevertheless, up to date, all of the proposed schemes have advantages and disadvantages. In this paper, we give a detailed analysis on these well-known schemes from different aspects and point out their open issues. Then, we propose a new scheme that aims to maximally overcome the identified drawbacks of its predecessors while still trying to keep their advantages. Simulation results illustrate the improvement achieved by our proposal.

An improved genetic algorithm for increasing the addressing accuracy of encoding fiber Bragg grating sensor network

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Huanlin; Wang, Chujun; Chen, Yong

2018-01-01

Large-capacity encoding fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor network is widely used in modern long-term health monitoring system. Encoding FBG sensors have greatly improved the capacity of distributed FBG sensor network. However, the error of addressing increases correspondingly with the enlarging of capacity. To address the issue, an improved algorithm called genetic tracking algorithm (GTA) is proposed in the paper. In the GTA, for improving the success rate of matching and reducing the large number of redundant matching operations generated by sequential matching, the individuals are designed based on the feasible matching. Then, two kinds of self-crossover ways and a dynamic variation during mutation process are designed to increase the diversity of individuals and to avoid falling into local optimum. Meanwhile, an assistant decision is proposed to handle the issue that the GTA cannot solve when the variation of sensor information is highly overlapped. The simulation results indicate that the proposed GTA has higher accuracy compared with the traditional tracking algorithm and the enhanced tracking algorithm. In order to address the problems of spectrum fragmentation and low sharing degree of spectrum resources in survivable.

The Influence of Information Acquisition on the Complex Dynamics of Market Competition

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guo, Zhanbing; Ma, Junhai

In this paper, we build a dynamical game model with three bounded rational players (firms) to study the influence of information on the complex dynamics of market competition, where useful information is about rival’s real decision. In this dynamical game model, one information-sharing team is composed of two firms, they acquire and share the information about their common competitor, however, they make their own decisions separately, where the amount of information acquired by this information-sharing team will determine the estimation accuracy about the rival’s real decision. Based on this dynamical game model and some creative 3D diagrams, the influence of the amount of information on the complex dynamics of market competition such as local dynamics, global dynamics and profits is studied. These results have significant theoretical and practical values to realize the influence of information.

Does obsessive-compulsive personality disorder belong within the obsessive-compulsive spectrum?

PubMed

Fineberg, Naomi A; Sharma, Punita; Sivakumaran, Thanusha; Sahakian, Barbara; Chamberlain, Sam R; Chamberlain, Sam

2007-06-01

It has been proposed that certain Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition Axis I disorders share overlapping clinical features, genetic contributions, and treatment response and fall within an "obsessive-compulsive" spectrum. Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) resembles obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and other spectrum disorders in terms of phenomenology, comorbidity, neurocognition, and treatment response. This article critically examines the nosological profile of OCPD with special reference to OCD and related disorders. By viewing OCPD as a candidate member of the obsessive-compulsive spectrum, we gain a fresh approach to understanding its neurobiology, etiology, and potential treatments.

Enhanced intelligence through optimized TCPED concepts for airborne ISR

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Spitzer, M.; Kappes, E.; Böker, D.

2012-06-01

Current multinational operations show an increased demand for high quality actionable intelligence for different operational levels and users. In order to achieve sufficient availability, quality and reliability of information, various ISR assets are orchestrated within operational theatres. Especially airborne Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR) assets provide - due to their endurance, non-intrusiveness, robustness, wide spectrum of sensors and flexibility to mission changes - significant intelligence coverage of areas of interest. An efficient and balanced utilization of airborne ISR assets calls for advanced concepts for the entire ISR process framework including the Tasking, Collection, Processing, Exploitation and Dissemination (TCPED). Beyond this, the employment of current visualization concepts, shared information bases and information customer profiles, as well as an adequate combination of ISR sensors with different information age and dynamic (online) retasking process elements provides the optimization of interlinked TCPED processes towards higher process robustness, shorter process duration, more flexibility between ISR missions and, finally, adequate "entry points" for information requirements by operational users and commands. In addition, relevant Trade-offs of distributed and dynamic TCPED processes are examined and future trends are depicted.

Unidata: A geoscience e-infrastructure for International Data Sharing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ramamurthy, Mohan

2017-04-01

The Internet and its myriad manifestations, including the World Wide Web, have amply demonstrated the compounding benefits of a global cyberinfrastructure and the power of networked communities as institutions and people exchange knowledge, ideas, and resources. The Unidata Program recognizes those benefits, and over the past several years it has developed a growing portfolio of international data distribution activities, conducted in close collaboration with academic, research and operational institutions on several continents, to advance earth system science education and research. The portfolio includes provision of data, tools, support and training as well as outreach activities that bring various stakeholders together to address important issues, all toward the goals of building a community with a shared vision. The overarching goals of Unidata's international data sharing activities include: • democratization of access-to and use-of data that describe the dynamic earth system by facilitating data access to a broad spectrum of observations and forecasts • building capacity and empowering geoscientists and educators worldwide by building encouraging local communities where data, tools, and best practices in education and research are shared • strengthening international science partnerships for exchanging knowledge and expertise • Supporting faculty and students at research and educational institutions in the use of Unidata systems building regional and global communities around specific geoscientific themes. In this presentation, I will present Unidata's ongoing data sharing activities in Latin America, Europe, Africa and Antarctica that are enabling linkages to existing and emergent e-infrastructures and operational networks, including recent advances to develop interoperable data systems, tools, and services that benefit the geosciences. Particular emphasis in the presentation will be made to describe the examples of the use of Unidata's International Data Distribution Network, Local Data Manager, and THREDDS in various settings, as well as experiences and lessons learned with the implementation and benefits of the myriad data sharing efforts.

Malaligned dynamic anterior cervical plate: a biomechanical analysis of effectiveness.

PubMed

Lawrence, Brandon D; Patel, Alpesh A; Guss, Andrew; Ryan Spiker, W; Brodke, Darrel S

2014-12-01

Biomechanical evaluation. To evaluate the kinematic and load-sharing differences of dynamic anterior cervical plates when placed in-line at 0° and off-axis at 20°. The use of dynamic anterior cervical plating systems has recently gained popularity due to the theoretical benefit of improved load sharing with graft subsidence. Occasionally, due to anatomical restraints, the anterior cervical plate may be placed off-axis in the coronal plane. This may potentially decrease the dynamization capability of the plate, leading to less load sharing and potentially decreased fusion rates. The purpose of this study was to comprehensively evaluate the kinematic and load-sharing differences of a dynamic plate placed in-line versus off-axis in the coronal plane. Thirteen fresh-frozen human cadaveric cervical spines (C2-T1) were used. Nondestructive range-of-motion testing was performed with a pneumatically controlled spine simulator in flexion/extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation using the OptoTrak motion measurement system. A C5 corpectomy was performed, and a custom interbody spacer with an integrated load cell collected load-sharing data under axial compression at varying loads. A dynamic anterior cervical plate was placed in-line at 0° and then off-axis at 20°. Testing conditions ensued using a full-length spacer, followed by simulated subsidence by removing 10% of the height of the original spacer. There were no kinematic differences noted in the in-line model versus the off-axis model. After simulated subsidence, the small decreases in stiffness and increases in motion were similar whether the plate was placed in-line or off-axis in all 3 planes of motion. There were also no significant differences in the load-sharing characteristics of the in-line plate versus the off-axis plate in either the full-length model or the subsided interbody model. This study suggests that off-axis dynamic plate positioning does not significantly impact construct kinematics or graft load sharing. As such, we do not recommend removal or repositioning of an off-axis placed dynamic plate because the kinematic and load-sharing biomechanical properties are similar. N/A.

Asphalted Road Temperature Variations Due to Wind Turbine Cast Shadows

PubMed Central

Arnay, Rafael; Acosta, Leopoldo; Sigut, Marta; Toledo, Jonay

2009-01-01

The contribution of this paper is a technique that in certain circumstances allows one to avoid the removal of dynamic shadows in the visible spectrum making use of images in the infrared spectrum. This technique emerged from a real problem concerning the autonomous navigation of a vehicle in a wind farm. In this environment, the dynamic shadows cast by the wind turbines' blades make it necessary to include a shadows removal stage in the preprocessing of the visible spectrum images in order to avoid the shadows being misclassified as obstacles. In the thermal images, dynamic shadows completely disappear, something that does not always occur in the visible spectrum, even when the preprocessing is executed. Thus, a fusion on thermal and visible bands is performed. PMID:22291541

Dynamic Spectrum Access for Internet of Things Service in Cognitive Radio-Enabled LPWANs

PubMed Central

Moon, Bongkyo

2017-01-01

In this paper, we focus on a dynamic spectrum access strategy for Internet of Things (IoT) applications in two types of radio systems: cellular networks and cognitive radio-enabled low power wide area networks (CR-LPWANs). The spectrum channel contention between the licensed cellular networks and the unlicensed CR-LPWANs, which work with them, only takes place within the cellular radio spectrum range. Our aim is to maximize the spectrum capacity for the unlicensed users while ensuring that it never interferes with the licensed network. Therefore, in this paper we propose a dynamic spectrum access strategy for CR-LPWANs operating in both licensed and unlicensed bands. The simulation and the numerical analysis by using a matrix geometric approach for the strategy are presented. Finally, we obtain the blocking probability of the licensed users, the mean dwell time of the unlicensed user, and the total carried traffic and combined service quality for the licensed and unlicensed users. The results show that the proposed strategy can maximize the spectrum capacity for the unlicensed users using IoT applications as well as keep the service quality of the licensed users independent of them. PMID:29206215

Dynamic Spectrum Access for Internet of Things Service in Cognitive Radio-Enabled LPWANs.

PubMed

Moon, Bongkyo

2017-12-05

In this paper, we focus on a dynamic spectrum access strategy for Internet of Things (IoT) applications in two types of radio systems: cellular networks and cognitive radio-enabled low power wide area networks (CR-LPWANs). The spectrum channel contention between the licensed cellular networks and the unlicensed CR-LPWANs, which work with them, only takes place within the cellular radio spectrum range. Our aim is to maximize the spectrum capacity for the unlicensed users while ensuring that it never interferes with the licensed network. Therefore, in this paper we propose a dynamic spectrum access strategy for CR-LPWANs operating in both licensed and unlicensed bands. The simulation and the numerical analysis by using a matrix geometric approach for the strategy are presented. Finally, we obtain the blocking probability of the licensed users, the mean dwell time of the unlicensed user, and the total carried traffic and combined service quality for the licensed and unlicensed users. The results show that the proposed strategy can maximize the spectrum capacity for the unlicensed users using IoT applications as well as keep the service quality of the licensed users independent of them.

Evidence for Distinct Cognitive Profiles in Autism Spectrum Disorders and Specific Language Impairment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Taylor, Lauren J.; Maybery, Murray T.; Grayndler, Luke; Whitehouse, Andrew J. O.

2014-01-01

Findings that a subgroup of children with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have linguistic capabilities that resemble specific language impairment (SLI) have led some authors to hypothesise that ASD and SLI have a shared aetiology. While considerable research has explored overlap in the language phenotypes of the two conditions, little research…

Evidence for Shared Deficits in Identifying Emotions from Faces and from Voices in Autism Spectrum Disorders and Specific Language Impairment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Taylor, Lauren J.; Maybery, Murray T.; Grayndler, Luke; Whitehouse, Andrew J. O.

2015-01-01

Background: While autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and specific language impairment (SLI) have traditionally been conceptualized as distinct disorders, recent findings indicate that the boundaries between these two conditions are not clear-cut. While considerable research has investigated overlap in the linguistic characteristics of ASD and SLI,…

78 FR 51559 - Commercial Operations in the 1695-1710 MHz, 1755-1780 MHz, and 2155-2180 MHz Bands

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-20

... 2020-2025 MHz band for uplink/ mobile operations. Both of these bands are currently allocated for non... Federal/non-Federal spectrum sharing. NTIA anticipates receiving final reports from CSMAC working groups... the scope of this NPRM, i.e., spectrum for which we seek comment regarding service rules for non...

Engaging Young People with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Research Interviews

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Harrington, Caitlin; Foster, Michele; Rodger, Sylvia; Ashburner, Jill

2014-01-01

This study draws on the first author's doctoral research on the mainstream schooling experiences of young people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and their parents in Queensland, Australia. The aims are to share some of the practical strategies that were adapted and developed to engage the young people in the research and to critically reflect…

77 FR 41956 - Relocation of and Spectrum Sharing by Federal Government Stations-Technical Panel and Dispute...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-17

... incentives to free up spectrum from both Federal Government users and non-Federal licensees.\\2\\ To that end... Act (CSEA) to provide additional incentives for Federal users.\\3\\ \\1\\ Presidential Memorandum..., between non-Federal users and Federal entities during the transition period. \\7\\ See id. at sections 113(h...

Insight into an Autism Spectrum Disorder

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Birch, Jen

2006-01-01

In this article, the author shares some insights on the characteristics of a person with Asperger's syndrome, a condition on the higher-functioning end of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Born in 1955, the author was raised in rural South Auckland. As a baby, she propelled herself around the floor on her stomach, using her limbs as flippers,…

Social Attention, Joint Attention and Sustained Attention in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Williams Syndrome: Convergences and Divergences

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vivanti, Giacomo; Fanning, Peter A. J.; Hocking, Darren R.; Sievers, Stephanie; Dissanayake, Cheryl

2017-01-01

There is limited knowledge on shared and syndrome-specific attentional profiles in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and Williams syndrome (WS). Using eye-tracking, we examined attentional profiles of 35 preschoolers with ASD, 22 preschoolers with WS and 20 typically developing children across social and non-social dimensions of attention. Children…

From Diagnosis to Intervention: Charting the Path with Families of Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tyner, Scott M.

2013-01-01

The growing number of children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) warrants better understanding of how clinicians and families work together following a child's diagnosis. Individuals with ASD share pronounced differences in communication and styles of social interaction along with the presence of repetitive behaviors and…

Autism Spectrum Disorders. NICHCY Disability Fact Sheet #1

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Dissemination Center for Children with Disabilities, 2010

2010-01-01

Each of the disorders on the autism spectrum is a neurological disorder that affects a child's ability to communicate, understand language, play, and relate to others. They share some or all of the following characteristics, which can vary from mild to severe: (1) Communication problems (for example, with the use or comprehension of language); (2)…

Siblings of Individuals with an Autism Spectrum Disorder: Sibling Relationships and Wellbeing in Adolescence and Adulthood

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Orsmond, Gael I.; Kuo, Hsin-Yu; Seltzer, Marsha Mailick

2009-01-01

We investigated sibling relationships and wellbeing in adolescents and adults with a sibling with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Adolescents engaged in more shared activities than did adults. Adolescents reported greater social support, greater use of emotion-focused coping strategies, and less use of problem-focused coping than adults. In…

Examining Shared and Unique Aspects of Social Anxiety Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder Using Factor Analysis

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

White, Susan W.; Bray, Bethany C.; Ollendick, Thomas H.

2012-01-01

Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) and Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are fairly common psychiatric conditions that impair the functioning of otherwise healthy young adults. Given that the two conditions frequently co-occur, measurement of the characteristics unique to each condition is critical. This study evaluated the structure and construct…

28.1 VARIETIES OF SELF DISORDER: A BIO-PHENO-SOCIAL MODEL OF SCHIZOPHRENIA

PubMed Central

Nelson, Barnaby; Sass, Louis

2018-01-01

Abstract Background The self-disorder model offers a unifying way of conceptualizing schizophrenia’s highly diverse symptoms (positive, negative, disorganized), of capturing their distinctive bizarreness, and of conceiving their longitudinal development. These symptoms are viewed as differing manifestations of an underlying disorder of ‘core-self’: hyperreflexivity/diminished-self presence with accompanying disturbances of “grip” or “hold” on reality. Methods We have recently revised and tested this phenomenological model, in particular distinguishing primary versus-secondary factors, in offering a bio-pheno-social model of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Results The revised model is consistent with recent empirical findings and offers several advantages: 1) It helps account for the temporal variations of the symptoms or syndrome, including longitudinal progression, but also the shorter-term, situationally-reactive, sometimes defensive, and possibly quasi-agentive variability of symptom-expression that can occur in schizophrenia (consistent with understanding some aspects of self-disturbance as dynamic and mutable, involving shifting attitudes or experiential orientations). 2) It accommodates the overlapping of some key schizophrenic symptoms with certain non-schizophrenia spectrum conditions involving dissociation (depersonalization and derealization), including Depersonalization Disorder and Panic Disorder, thereby acknowledging both shared and distinguishing symptoms. 3) It integrates recent neurocognitive, neurobiological, and psychosocial (e.g., influence of trauma and culture) findings into a coherent but multi-factorial neuropsychological account. Discussion An adequate model of schizophrenia will postulate shared disturbances of core-self experiences that nevertheless can follow several distinct pathways and occur in various forms. Such a model is preferable to uni-dimensional alternatives—whether of schizophrenia or core self disturbance—given its ability to account for distinctive yet varying experiential and neurocognitive abnormalities found in research on schizophrenia, and to integrate these with recent psychosocial as well as neurobiological findings.

Manycast routing, modulation level and spectrum assignment over elastic optical networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Luo, Xiao; Zhao, Yang; Chen, Xue; Wang, Lei; Zhang, Min; Zhang, Jie; Ji, Yuefeng; Wang, Huitao; Wang, Taili

2017-07-01

Manycast is a point to multi-point transmission framework that requires a subset of destination nodes successfully reached. It is particularly applicable for dealing with large amounts of data simultaneously in bandwidth-hungry, dynamic and cloud-based applications. As rapid increasing of traffics in these applications, the elastic optical networks (EONs) may be relied on to achieve high throughput manycast. In terms of finer spectrum granularity, the EONs could reach flexible accessing to network spectrum and efficient providing exact spectrum resource to demands. In this paper, we focus on the manycast routing, modulation level and spectrum assignment (MA-RMLSA) problem in EONs. Both EONs planning with static manycast traffic and EONs provisioning with dynamic manycast traffic are investigated. An integer linear programming (ILP) model is formulated to derive MA-RMLSA problem in static manycast scenario. Then corresponding heuristic algorithm called manycast routing, modulation level and spectrum assignment genetic algorithm (MA-RMLSA-GA) is proposed to adapt for both static and dynamic manycast scenarios. The MA-RMLSA-GA optimizes MA-RMLSA problem in destination nodes selection, routing light-tree constitution, modulation level allocation and spectrum resource assignment jointly, to achieve an effective improvement in network performance. Simulation results reveal that MA-RMLSA strategies offered by MA-RMLSA-GA have slightly disparity from the optimal solutions provided by ILP model in static scenario. Moreover, the results demonstrate that MA-RMLSA-GA realizes a highly efficient MA-RMLSA strategy with the lowest blocking probability in dynamic scenario compared with benchmark algorithms.

Multifractal property of Chinese stock market in the CSI 800 index based on MF-DFA approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhu, Huijian; Zhang, Weiguo

2018-01-01

CSI 800 index consists of CSI 500 index and CSI 300 index, aiming to reflect the performance of stocks with large, mid and small size of China A share market. In this paper we analyze the multifractal structure of Chinese stock market in the CSI 800 index based on the multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MF-DFA) method. We find that the fluctuation of the closing logarithmic returns have multifractal properties, the shape and width of multifractal spectrum are depended on the weighing order q. More interestingly, we observe a bigger market crash in June-August 2015 than the one in 2008 based on the local Hurst exponents. The result provides important information for further study on dynamic mechanism of return fluctuation and whether it would trigger a new financial crisis.

Frequency band justifications for passive sensors, 1 to 10 GHz. [for monitoring earth resources and the environment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1976-01-01

Remote sensor systems operating in the microwave region of the frequency spectrum provide information unobtainable with basic imaging techniques such as photography, television, or multispectral imaging. The frequency allocation requirements for passive microwave sensors used in the earth exploration satellite and space research services are presented for: (1) agriculture, forestry, and range resources; (2) land use survey and mapping: (3) water resources; (4) weather and climate; (5) environmental quality; and (6) marine resources, estuarine and oceans. Because measurements are required simultaneously in multiple frequency bands to adequately determine values of some phenomena, the relationships between frequency bands are discussed. The various measurement accuracies, dynamic range, resolutions and frequency needs are examined. A band-by-band summary of requirements, unique aspects, and sharing analyses of the required frequency bands is included.

xiSPEC: web-based visualization, analysis and sharing of proteomics data.

PubMed

Kolbowski, Lars; Combe, Colin; Rappsilber, Juri

2018-05-08

We present xiSPEC, a standard compliant, next-generation web-based spectrum viewer for visualizing, analyzing and sharing mass spectrometry data. Peptide-spectrum matches from standard proteomics and cross-linking experiments are supported. xiSPEC is to date the only browser-based tool supporting the standardized file formats mzML and mzIdentML defined by the proteomics standards initiative. Users can either upload data directly or select files from the PRIDE data repository as input. xiSPEC allows users to save and share their datasets publicly or password protected for providing access to collaborators or readers and reviewers of manuscripts. The identification table features advanced interaction controls and spectra are presented in three interconnected views: (i) annotated mass spectrum, (ii) peptide sequence fragmentation key and (iii) quality control error plots of matched fragments. Highlighting or selecting data points in any view is represented in all other views. Views are interactive scalable vector graphic elements, which can be exported, e.g. for use in publication. xiSPEC allows for re-annotation of spectra for easy hypothesis testing by modifying input data. xiSPEC is freely accessible at http://spectrumviewer.org and the source code is openly available on https://github.com/Rappsilber-Laboratory/xiSPEC.

Exact solution for the energy spectrum of Kelvin-wave turbulence in superfluids

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Boué, Laurent; Dasgupta, Ratul; Laurie, Jason; L'Vov, Victor; Nazarenko, Sergey; Procaccia, Itamar

2011-08-01

We study the statistical and dynamical behavior of turbulent Kelvin waves propagating on quantized vortices in superfluids and address the controversy concerning the energy spectrum that is associated with these excitations. Finding the correct energy spectrum is important because Kelvin waves play a major role in the dissipation of energy in superfluid turbulence at near-zero temperatures. In this paper, we show analytically that the solution proposed by [L’vov and Nazarenko, JETP Lett.JTPLA20021-364010.1134/S002136401008014X 91, 428 (2010)] enjoys existence, uniqueness, and regularity of the prefactor. Furthermore, we present numerical results of the dynamical equation that describes to leading order the nonlocal regime of the Kelvin-wave dynamics. We compare our findings with the analytical results from the proposed local and nonlocal theories for Kelvin-wave dynamics and show an agreement with the nonlocal predictions. Accordingly, the spectrum proposed by L’vov and Nazarenko should be used in future theories of quantum turbulence. Finally, for weaker wave forcing we observe an intermittent behavior of the wave spectrum with a fluctuating dissipative scale, which we interpreted as a finite-size effect characteristic of mesoscopic wave turbulence.

Enhancing Psychosis-Spectrum Nosology Through an International Data Sharing Initiative.

PubMed

Docherty, Anna R; Fonseca-Pedrero, Eduardo; Debbané, Martin; Chan, Raymond C K; Linscott, Richard J; Jonas, Katherine G; Cicero, David C; Green, Melissa J; Simms, Leonard J; Mason, Oliver; Watson, David; Ettinger, Ulrich; Waszczuk, Monika; Rapp, Alexander; Grant, Phillip; Kotov, Roman; DeYoung, Colin G; Ruggero, Camilo J; Eaton, Nicolas R; Krueger, Robert F; Patrick, Christopher; Hopwood, Christopher; O'Neill, F Anthony; Zald, David H; Conway, Christopher C; Adkins, Daniel E; Waldman, Irwin D; van Os, Jim; Sullivan, Patrick F; Anderson, John S; Shabalin, Andrey A; Sponheim, Scott R; Taylor, Stephan F; Grazioplene, Rachel G; Bacanu, Silviu A; Bigdeli, Tim B; Haenschel, Corinna; Malaspina, Dolores; Gooding, Diane C; Nicodemus, Kristin; Schultze-Lutter, Frauke; Barrantes-Vidal, Neus; Mohr, Christine; Carpenter, William T; Cohen, Alex S

2018-05-16

The latent structure of schizotypy and psychosis-spectrum symptoms remains poorly understood. Furthermore, molecular genetic substrates are poorly defined, largely due to the substantial resources required to collect rich phenotypic data across diverse populations. Sample sizes of phenotypic studies are often insufficient for advanced structural equation modeling approaches. In the last 50 years, efforts in both psychiatry and psychological science have moved toward (1) a dimensional model of psychopathology (eg, the current Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology [HiTOP] initiative), (2) an integration of methods and measures across traits and units of analysis (eg, the RDoC initiative), and (3) powerful, impactful study designs maximizing sample size to detect subtle genomic variation relating to complex traits (the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium [PGC]). These movements are important to the future study of the psychosis spectrum, and to resolving heterogeneity with respect to instrument and population. The International Consortium of Schizotypy Research is composed of over 40 laboratories in 12 countries, and to date, members have compiled a body of schizotypy- and psychosis-related phenotype data from more than 30000 individuals. It has become apparent that compiling data into a protected, relational database and crowdsourcing analytic and data science expertise will result in significant enhancement of current research on the structure and biological substrates of the psychosis spectrum. The authors present a data-sharing infrastructure similar to that of the PGC, and a resource-sharing infrastructure similar to that of HiTOP. This report details the rationale and benefits of the phenotypic data collective and presents an open invitation for participation.

Validation of the Pictorial Infant Communication Scale for Preschool-Aged Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ghilain, Christine S.; Parlade, Meaghan V.; McBee, Matthew T.; Coman, Drew C.; Owen, Taylor; Gutierrez, Anibal; Boyd, Brian; Odom, Samuel; Alessandri, Michael

2017-01-01

Joint attention, or the shared focus of attention between objects or events and a social partner, is a crucial milestone in the development of social communication and a notable area of deficit in children with autism spectrum disorder. While valid parent-report screening measures of social communication are available, the majority of these…

Motor, Emotional, and Cognitive Empathy in Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Conduct Disorder

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bons, Danielle; van den Broek, Egon; Scheepers, Floor; Herpers, Pierre; Rommelse, Nanda; Buitelaaar, Jan K.

2013-01-01

It is unclear which aspects of empathy are shared and which are uniquely affected in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and conduct disorder (CD) as are the neurobiological correlates of these empathy impairments. The aim of this systematic review is to describe the overlap and specificity of motor, emotional, and cognitive aspects of empathy in…

Atypical Sensory Processing in Adolescents with an Autism Spectrum Disorder and Their Non-Affected Siblings

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

De la Marche, Wouter; Steyaert, Jean; Noens, Ilse

2012-01-01

Atypical sensory processing is common in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Specific profiles have been proposed in different age groups, but no study has focused specifically on adolescents. Identifying traits of ASD that are shared by individuals with ASD and their non-affected family members can shed light on the genetic underpinnings of ASD.…

The 1977 WARC on broadcasting satellites - Spectrum management aspects and implications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gould, R. G.; Reinhart, E. E.

1977-01-01

Broadcasting satellites are allocated as a primary service in the band 11.7-12.2 GHz (11.7-12.5 GHz in Europe, Africa, and the USSR), but the band is also allocated on a primary basis (equal sharing) to other services - fixed, mobile, broadcasting, and fixed satellite. Presented with these difficult sharing situations, delegates from over 100 countries met at an ITU World Administrative Radio Conference in 1977 to develop a plan for broadcasting satellites. Many nations wanted a plan that would assign to them now, reserved orbital locations and channel asignments for their future use. Other countries wanted a plan adopted now for future broadcasting satellites which assigned specific channels to specific areas on the ground so that they could use the remaining frequencies to provide terrestrial service right away. This paper describes the 'Plan' developed at the conference and points out how the principles of spectrum management were employed. It also discusses the implications for future international management of the spectrum growing out of this meeting.

Forest production dynamics along a wood density spectrum in eastern US forests

Treesearch

C.W. Woodall; M.B. Russell; B.F. Walters; A.W. D' Amato; K. Zhu; S.S. Saatchi

2015-01-01

Emerging plant economics spectrum theories were confirmed across temperate forest systems of the eastern US where the use of a forest stand's mean wood density elucidated forest volume and biomass production dynamics integrating aspects of climate, tree mortality/growth, and rates of site occupancy.

Grandparents of grandchildren with autism spectrum disorders (ASD): strengthening relationships through technology activities.

PubMed

Wright, Scott D; D'Astous, Valerie; Wright, Cheryl A; Diener, Marissa L

2012-01-01

This study of grandparent-grandchild relationships was embedded in the context of technology workshops offered for young children on the autism spectrum. The purpose of this research was to examine the perspectives of six involved grandparents regarding their social interactions with their grandchildren in the context of this shared technology experience. Content analysis of transcribed focus group sessions with the grandparents indicated two key themes: expectations were reframed and communication bridges were built through shared interests. Grandparents perceived that their grandchildren learned technological skills, and increased their social interactions with peers, family members (parents, siblings), and grandparents themselves. The positive experience the grandparents perceived their grandchildren to have in the program gave them hope for future educational and employment opportunities for their grandchildren. The grandparents also indicated that the shared interests in the computer program facilitated communication opportunities with their grandchildren, with other grandparents of grandchildren with ASD, and with their adult sons and daughters.

47 CFR 25.260 - Time sharing between DoD meteorological satellite systems and non-voice, non-geostationary...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... satellite systems and non-voice, non-geostationary satellite systems in the 400.15-401 MHz band. 25.260... systems and non-voice, non-geostationary satellite systems in the 400.15-401 MHz band. (a) A non-voice, non-geostationary mobile-satellite service system licensee (“NVNG licensee”) time-sharing spectrum in...

47 CFR 25.260 - Time sharing between DoD meteorological satellite systems and non-voice, non-geostationary...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... satellite systems and non-voice, non-geostationary satellite systems in the 400.15-401 MHz band. 25.260... systems and non-voice, non-geostationary satellite systems in the 400.15-401 MHz band. (a) A non-voice, non-geostationary mobile-satellite service system licensee (“NVNG licensee”) time-sharing spectrum in...

47 CFR 25.259 - Time sharing between NOAA meteorological satellite systems and non-voice, non-geostationary...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... satellite systems and non-voice, non-geostationary satellite systems in the 137-138 MHz band. 25.259 Section... systems and non-voice, non-geostationary satellite systems in the 137-138 MHz band. (a) A non-voice, non-geostationary mobile-satellite service system licensee (“NVNG licensee”) time-sharing spectrum in the 137-138...

47 CFR 25.260 - Time sharing between DoD meteorological satellite systems and non-voice, non-geostationary...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... satellite systems and non-voice, non-geostationary satellite systems in the 400.15-401 MHz band. 25.260... systems and non-voice, non-geostationary satellite systems in the 400.15-401 MHz band. (a) A non-voice, non-geostationary mobile-satellite service system licensee (“NVNG licensee”) time-sharing spectrum in...

47 CFR 25.259 - Time sharing between NOAA meteorological satellite systems and non-voice, non-geostationary...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... satellite systems and non-voice, non-geostationary satellite systems in the 137-138 MHz band. 25.259 Section... systems and non-voice, non-geostationary satellite systems in the 137-138 MHz band. (a) A non-voice, non-geostationary mobile-satellite service system licensee (“NVNG licensee”) time-sharing spectrum in the 137-138...

47 CFR 25.259 - Time sharing between NOAA meteorological satellite systems and non-voice, non-geostationary...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... satellite systems and non-voice, non-geostationary satellite systems in the 137-138 MHz band. 25.259 Section... systems and non-voice, non-geostationary satellite systems in the 137-138 MHz band. (a) A non-voice, non-geostationary mobile-satellite service system licensee (“NVNG licensee”) time-sharing spectrum in the 137-138...

Technology-Based Shared Story Reading for Students with Autism Who Are English-Language Learners

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Alison, Caryn; Root, Jenny R.; Browder, Diane M.; Wood, Leah

2017-01-01

Demonstrating comprehension of text is a complex skill that is an area of difficulty for many students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Shared story reading is an intervention that has a history of effectiveness in teaching literacy skills to students with extensive support needs. This study used a multiple probe across participants design to…

Supporting Dynamic Spectrum Access in Heterogeneous LTE+ Networks

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Luiz A. DaSilva; Ryan E. Irwin; Mike Benonis

As early as 2014, mobile network operators’ spectral capac- ity is expected to be overwhelmed by the demand brought on by new devices and applications. With Long Term Evo- lution Advanced (LTE+) networks likely as the future one world 4G standard, network operators may need to deploy a Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) overlay in Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets) to extend coverage, increase spectrum efficiency, and increase the capacity of these networks. In this paper, we propose three new management frameworks for DSA in an LTE+ HetNet: Spectrum Accountability Client, Cell Spectrum Management, and Domain Spectrum Man- agement. For these spectrum managementmore » frameworks, we define protocol interfaces and operational signaling scenar- ios to support cooperative sensing, spectrum lease manage- ment, and alarm scenarios for rule adjustment. We also quan- tify, through integer programs, the benefits of using DSA in an LTE+ HetNet, that can opportunistically reuse vacant TV and GSM spectrum. Using integer programs, we consider a topology using Geographic Information System data from the Blacksburg, VA metro area to assess the realistic benefits of DSA in an LTE+ HetNet.« less

A Novel Dynamic Spectrum Access Framework Based on Reinforcement Learning for Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks.

PubMed

Lin, Yun; Wang, Chao; Wang, Jiaxing; Dou, Zheng

2016-10-12

Cognitive radio sensor networks are one of the kinds of application where cognitive techniques can be adopted and have many potential applications, challenges and future research trends. According to the research surveys, dynamic spectrum access is an important and necessary technology for future cognitive sensor networks. Traditional methods of dynamic spectrum access are based on spectrum holes and they have some drawbacks, such as low accessibility and high interruptibility, which negatively affect the transmission performance of the sensor networks. To address this problem, in this paper a new initialization mechanism is proposed to establish a communication link and set up a sensor network without adopting spectrum holes to convey control information. Specifically, firstly a transmission channel model for analyzing the maximum accessible capacity for three different polices in a fading environment is discussed. Secondly, a hybrid spectrum access algorithm based on a reinforcement learning model is proposed for the power allocation problem of both the transmission channel and the control channel. Finally, extensive simulations have been conducted and simulation results show that this new algorithm provides a significant improvement in terms of the tradeoff between the control channel reliability and the efficiency of the transmission channel.

A Novel Dynamic Spectrum Access Framework Based on Reinforcement Learning for Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks

PubMed Central

Lin, Yun; Wang, Chao; Wang, Jiaxing; Dou, Zheng

2016-01-01

Cognitive radio sensor networks are one of the kinds of application where cognitive techniques can be adopted and have many potential applications, challenges and future research trends. According to the research surveys, dynamic spectrum access is an important and necessary technology for future cognitive sensor networks. Traditional methods of dynamic spectrum access are based on spectrum holes and they have some drawbacks, such as low accessibility and high interruptibility, which negatively affect the transmission performance of the sensor networks. To address this problem, in this paper a new initialization mechanism is proposed to establish a communication link and set up a sensor network without adopting spectrum holes to convey control information. Specifically, firstly a transmission channel model for analyzing the maximum accessible capacity for three different polices in a fading environment is discussed. Secondly, a hybrid spectrum access algorithm based on a reinforcement learning model is proposed for the power allocation problem of both the transmission channel and the control channel. Finally, extensive simulations have been conducted and simulation results show that this new algorithm provides a significant improvement in terms of the tradeoff between the control channel reliability and the efficiency of the transmission channel. PMID:27754316

Modeling and Dynamic Analysis of Paralleled dc/dc Converters With Master-Slave Current Sharing Control

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rajagopalan, J.; Xing, K.; Guo, Y.; Lee, F. C.; Manners, Bruce

1996-01-01

A simple, application-oriented, transfer function model of paralleled converters employing Master-Slave Current-sharing (MSC) control is developed. Dynamically, the Master converter retains its original design characteristics; all the Slave converters are forced to depart significantly from their original design characteristics into current-controlled current sources. Five distinct loop gains to assess system stability and performance are identified and their physical significance is described. A design methodology for the current share compensator is presented. The effect of this current sharing scheme on 'system output impedance' is analyzed.

Undifferentiated Facial Electromyography Responses to Dynamic, Audio-Visual Emotion Displays in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rozga, Agata; King, Tricia Z.; Vuduc, Richard W.; Robins, Diana L.

2013-01-01

We examined facial electromyography (fEMG) activity to dynamic, audio-visual emotional displays in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and typically developing (TD) individuals. Participants viewed clips of happy, angry, and fearful displays that contained both facial expression and affective prosody while surface electrodes measured…

Blind Signal Classification via Spare Coding

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-04-10

recall and 14.1% false alarm. I. INTRODUCTION Cognitive radios have emerged over the last decade as a new means to share radio spectrum, the most...utility of radio spectrum resources. Much of contemporary research has viewed cognitive radios as the secondary user of a licensed channel and...the applica- bility of cognitive radios for tactical networking seems even more adequate. The primary advocate for tactical cognitive radio systems

Multi-channel dynamics in high harmonic generation of aligned CO2: ab initio analysis with time-dependent B-spline algebraic diagrammatic construction.

PubMed

Ruberti, M; Decleva, P; Averbukh, V

2018-03-28

Here we present a fully ab initio study of the high-order harmonic generation (HHG) spectrum of aligned CO 2 molecules. The calculations have been performed by using the molecular time-dependent (TD) B-spline algebraic diagrammatic construction (ADC) method. We quantitatively study how the sub-cycle laser-driven multi-channel dynamics, as reflected in the position of the dynamical minimum in the HHG spectrum, is affected by the full inclusion of both correlation-driven and laser-driven dipole interchannel couplings. We calculate channel-resolved spectral intensities as well as the phase differences between contributions of the different ionization-recombination channels to the total HHG spectrum. Our results show that electron correlation effectively controls the relative contributions of the different channels to the total HHG spectrum, leading to the opening of the new ones (1 2 Π u , 1 2 Σ), previously disregarded for the aligned molecular setup. We conclude that inclusion of many-electron effects into the theoretical interpretation of molecular HHG spectra is essential in order to correctly extract ultrafast electron dynamics using HHG spectroscopy.

Spectrum of Lyapunov exponents of non-smooth dynamical systems of integrate-and-fire type.

PubMed

Zhou, Douglas; Sun, Yi; Rangan, Aaditya V; Cai, David

2010-04-01

We discuss how to characterize long-time dynamics of non-smooth dynamical systems, such as integrate-and-fire (I&F) like neuronal network, using Lyapunov exponents and present a stable numerical method for the accurate evaluation of the spectrum of Lyapunov exponents for this large class of dynamics. These dynamics contain (i) jump conditions as in the firing-reset dynamics and (ii) degeneracy such as in the refractory period in which voltage-like variables of the network collapse to a single constant value. Using the networks of linear I&F neurons, exponential I&F neurons, and I&F neurons with adaptive threshold, we illustrate our method and discuss the rich dynamics of these networks.

Features of the broader autism phenotype in people with epilepsy support shared mechanisms between epilepsy and autism spectrum disorder.

PubMed

Richard, Annie E; Scheffer, Ingrid E; Wilson, Sarah J

2017-04-01

Richard, A.E., I.E. Scheffer and S.J. Wilson. Features of the broader autism phenotype in people with epilepsy support shared mechanisms between epilepsy and autism spectrum disorder. NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV REV 21(1) XXX-XXX, 2016. To inform on mechanisms underlying the comorbidity of epilepsy and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), we conducted meta-analyses to test whether impaired facial emotion recognition (FER) and theory of mind (ToM), key phenotypic traits of ASD, are more common in people with epilepsy (PWE) than controls. We contrasted these findings with those of relatives of individuals with ASD (ASD-relatives) compared to controls. Furthermore, we examined the relationship of demographic (age, IQ, sex) and epilepsy-related factors (epilepsy onset age, duration, seizure laterality and origin) to FER and ToM. Thirty-one eligible studies of PWE (including 1449 individuals: 77% with temporal lobe epilepsy), and 22 of ASD-relatives (N=1295) were identified by a systematic database search. Analyses revealed reduced FER and ToM in PWE compared to controls (p<0.001), but only reduced ToM in ASD-relatives (p<0.001). ToM was poorer in PWE than ASD-relatives. Only weak associations were found between FER and ToM and epilepsy-related factors. These findings suggest shared mechanisms between epilepsy and ASD, independent of intellectual disability. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Parametric spectro-temporal analyzer (PASTA) for ultrafast optical performance monitoring

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Chi; Wong, Kenneth K. Y.

2013-12-01

Ultrafast optical spectrum monitoring is one of the most challenging tasks in observing ultrafast phenomena, such as the spectroscopy, dynamic observation of the laser cavity, and spectral encoded imaging systems. However, conventional method such as optical spectrum analyzer (OSA) spatially disperses the spectrum, but the space-to-time mapping is realized by mechanical rotation of a grating, so are incapable of operating at high speed. Besides the spatial dispersion, temporal dispersion provided by dispersive fiber can also stretches the spectrum in time domain in an ultrafast manner, but is primarily confined in measuring short pulses. In view of these constraints, here we present a real-time spectrum analyzer called parametric spectro-temporal analyzer (PASTA), which is based on the time-lens focusing mechanism. It achieves a 100-MHz frame rate and can measure arbitrary waveforms. For the first time, we observe the dynamic spectrum of an ultrafast swept-source: Fourier domain mode-locked (FDML) laser, and the spectrum evolution of a laser cavity during its stabilizing process. In addition to the basic single-lens structure, the multi-lens configurations (e.g. telescope or wide-angle scope) will provide a versatile operating condition, which can zoom in to achieve 0.05-nm resolution and zoom out to achieve 10-nm observation range, namely 17 times zoom in/out ratio. In view of the goal of achieving spectrum analysis with fine accuracy, PASTA provides a promising path to study the real-time spectrum of some dynamic phenomena and non-repetitive events, with orders of magnitude enhancement in the frame rate over conventional OSAs.

Solar Coronal Jets: Observations, Theory, and Modeling

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Raouafi, N. E.; Patsourakos, S.; Pariat, E.; Young, P. R.; Sterling, A. C.; Savcheva, A.; Shimojo, M.; Moreno-Insertis, F.; DeVore, C. R.; Archontis, V.;

Solar Coronal Jets: Observations, Theory, and Modeling

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Raouafi, N. E.; Patsourakos, S.; Pariat, E.; Young, P. R.; Sterling, A.; Savcheva, A.; Shimojo, M.; Moreno-Insertis, F.; Devore, C. R.; Archontis, V.;

Kids' Quest: Autism

MedlinePlus

... I Have Information For… Parents / Educators What is autism and how do I recognize a kid who might be diagnosed as having an autism spectrum disorder? Recommend on Facebook Tweet Share Compartir ...

UAS CNPC Satellite Link Performance - Sharing Spectrum with Terrestrial Systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kerczewski, Robert J.; Wilson, Jeffrey D.; Bishop, William D.

2016-01-01

In order to provide for the safe integration of unmanned aircraft systems into the National Airspace System, the control and non-payload communications (CNPC) link connecting the ground-based pilot with the unmanned aircraft must be highly reliable. A specific requirement is that it must operate using aviation safety radiofrequency spectrum. The 2012 World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC-12) provided a potentially suitable allocation for radio line-of-sight (LOS), terrestrial based CNPC link at 5030-5091 MHz. For a beyond radio line-of-sight (BLOS), satellite-based CNPC link, aviation safety spectrum allocations are currently inadequate. Therefore, the 2015 WRC will consider the use of Fixed Satellite Service (FSS) bands to provide BLOS CNPC under Agenda Item 1.5. This agenda item requires studies to be conducted to allow for the consideration of how unmanned aircraft can employ FSS for BLOS CNPC while maintaining existing systems. Since there are terrestrial Fixed Service systems also using the same frequency bands under consideration in Agenda Item 1.5 one of the studies required considered spectrum sharing between earth stations on-board unmanned aircraft and Fixed Service station receivers. Studies carried out by NASA have concluded that such sharing is possible under parameters previously established by the International Telecommunications Union. As the preparation for WRC-15 has progressed, additional study parameters Agenda Item 1.5 have been proposed, and some studies using these parameters have been added. This paper examines the study results for the original parameters as well as results considering some of the more recently proposed parameters to provide insight into the complicated process of resolving WRC-15 Agenda Item 1.5 and achieving a solution for BLOS CNPC for unmanned aircraft.

Bacteriophages of Gordonia spp. Display a Spectrum of Diversity and Genetic Relationships

PubMed Central

Pope, Welkin H.; Mavrich, Travis N.; Garlena, Rebecca A.; Guerrero-Bustamante, Carlos A.; Jacobs-Sera, Deborah; Montgomery, Matthew T.; Russell, Daniel A.; Warner, Marcie H.

2017-01-01

ABSTRACT The global bacteriophage population is large, dynamic, old, and highly diverse genetically. Many phages are tailed and contain double-stranded DNA, but these remain poorly characterized genomically. A collection of over 1,000 phages infecting Mycobacterium smegmatis reveals the diversity of phages of a common bacterial host, but their relationships to phages of phylogenetically proximal hosts are not known. Comparative sequence analysis of 79 phages isolated on Gordonia shows these also to be diverse and that the phages can be grouped into 14 clusters of related genomes, with an additional 14 phages that are “singletons” with no closely related genomes. One group of six phages is closely related to Cluster A mycobacteriophages, but the other Gordonia phages are distant relatives and share only 10% of their genes with the mycobacteriophages. The Gordonia phage genomes vary in genome length (17.1 to 103.4 kb), percentage of GC content (47 to 68.8%), and genome architecture and contain a variety of features not seen in other phage genomes. Like the mycobacteriophages, the highly mosaic Gordonia phages demonstrate a spectrum of genetic relationships. We show this is a general property of bacteriophages and suggest that any barriers to genetic exchange are soft and readily violable. PMID:28811342

Neural markers of social and monetary rewards in children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder.

PubMed

Gonzalez-Gadea, Maria Luz; Sigman, Mariano; Rattazzi, Alexia; Lavin, Claudio; Rivera-Rei, Alvaro; Marino, Julian; Manes, Facundo; Ibanez, Agustin

2016-07-28

Recent theories of decision making propose a shared value-related brain mechanism for encoding monetary and social rewards. We tested this model in children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and control children. We monitored participants' brain dynamics using high density-electroencephalography while they played a monetary and social reward tasks. Control children exhibited a feedback Error-Related Negativity (fERN) modulation and Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC) source activation during both tasks. Remarkably, although cooperation resulted in greater losses for the participants, the betrayal options generated greater fERN responses. ADHD subjects exhibited an absence of fERN modulation and reduced ACC activation during both tasks. ASD subjects exhibited normal fERN modulation during monetary choices and inverted fERN/ACC responses in social options than did controls. These results suggest that in neurotypicals, monetary losses and observed disloyal social decisions induced similar activity in the brain value system. In ADHD children, difficulties in reward processing affected early brain signatures of monetary and social decisions. Conversely, ASD children showed intact neural markers of value-related monetary mechanisms, but no brain modulation by prosociality in the social task. These results offer insight into the typical and atypical developments of neural correlates of monetary and social reward processing.

High-Frequency Observation of Water Spectrum and Its Application in Monitoring of Dynamic Variation of Suspended Materials in the Hangzhou Bay.

PubMed

Dai, Qian; Pan, De-lu; He, Xian-qiang; Zhu, Qian-kun; Gong, Fang; Huang, Hai-qing

2015-11-01

In situ measurement of water spectrum is the basis of the validation of the ocean color remote sensing. The traditional method to obtain the water spectrum is based on the shipboard measurement at limited stations, which is difficult to meet the requirement of validation of ocean color remote sensing in the highly dynamic coastal waters. To overcome this shortage, continuously observing systems of water spectrum have been developed in the world. However, so far, there are still few high-frequency observation systems of the water spectrum in coastal waters, especially in the highly turbid and high-dynamic waters. Here, we established a high-frequency water-spectrum observing system based on tower in the Hangzhou Bay. The system measures the water spectrum at a step of 3 minutes, which can fully match the satellite observation. In this paper, we primarily developed a data processing method for the tower-based high-frequency water spectrum data, to realize automatic judgment of clear sky, sun glint, platform shadow, and weak illumination, etc. , and verified the processing results. The results show that the normalized water-leaving radiance spectra obtained through tower observation have relatively high consistency with the shipboard measurement results, with correlation coefficient of more than 0. 99, and average relative error of 9.96%. In addition, the long-term observation capability of the tower-based high-frequency water-spectrum observing system was evaluated, and the results show that although the system has run for one year, the normalized water-leaving radiance obtained by this system have good consistency with the synchronously measurement by Portable spectrometer ASD in respect of spectral shape and value, with correlation coefficient of more than 0.90 and average relative error of 6.48%. Moreover, the water spectra from high-frequency observation by the system can be used to effectively monitor the rapid dynamic variation in concentration of suspended materials with tide. The tower-based high-frequency water-spectrum observing system provided rich in situ spectral data for the validation of ocean color remote sensing in turbid waters, especially for validation of the high temporal-resolution geostationary satellite ocean color remote sensing.

Raman and Autofluorescence Spectrum Dynamics along the HRG-Induced Differentiation Pathway of MCF-7 Cells

PubMed Central

Morita, Shin-ichi; Takanezawa, Sota; Hiroshima, Michio; Mitsui, Toshiyuki; Ozaki, Yukihiro; Sako, Yasushi

2014-01-01

Cellular differentiation proceeds along complicated pathways, even when it is induced by extracellular signaling molecules. One of the major reasons for this complexity is the highly multidimensional internal dynamics of cells, which sometimes causes apparently stochastic responses in individual cells to extracellular stimuli. Therefore, to understand cell differentiation, it is necessary to monitor the internal dynamics of cells at single-cell resolution. Here, we used a Raman and autofluorescence spectrum analysis of single cells to detect dynamic changes in intracellular molecular components. MCF-7 cells are a human cancer-derived cell line that can be induced to differentiate into mammary-gland-like cells with the addition of heregulin (HRG) to the culture medium. We measured the spectra in the cytoplasm of MCF-7 cells during 12 days of HRG stimulation. The Raman scattering spectrum, which was the major component of the signal, changed with time. A multicomponent analysis of the Raman spectrum revealed that the dynamics of the major components of the intracellular molecules, including proteins and lipids, changed cyclically along the differentiation pathway. The background autofluorescence signals of Raman scattering also provided information about the differentiation process. Using the total information from the Raman and autofluorescence spectra, we were able to visualize the pathway of cell differentiation in the multicomponent phase space. PMID:25418290

Parsing Heterogeneity in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Visual Scanning of Dynamic Social Scenes in School-Aged Children

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rice, Katherine; Moriuchi, Jennifer M.; Jones, Warren; Klin, Ami

2012-01-01

Objective: To examine patterns of variability in social visual engagement and their relationship to standardized measures of social disability in a heterogeneous sample of school-aged children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Method: Eye-tracking measures of visual fixation during free-viewing of dynamic social scenes were obtained for 109…

Dynamic evolution of the spectrum of long-period fiber Bragg gratings fabricated from hydrogen-loaded optical fiber by ultraviolet laser irradiation.

PubMed

Fujita, Keio; Masuda, Yuji; Nakayama, Keisuke; Ando, Maki; Sakamoto, Kenji; Mohri, Jun-pei; Yamauchi, Makoto; Kimura, Masanori; Mizutani, Yasuo; Kimura, Susumu; Yokouchi, Takashi; Suzaki, Yoshifumi; Ejima, Seiki

2005-11-20

Long-period fiber Bragg gratings fabricated by exposure of hydrogen-loaded fiber to UV laser light exhibit large-scale dynamic evolution for approximately two weeks at room temperature. During this time two distinct features show up in their spectrum: a large upswing in wavelength and a substantial deepening of the transmission minimum. The dynamic evolution of the transmission spectrum is explained quantitatively by use of Malo's theory of UV-induced quenching [Electron. Lett. 30, 442 (1994)] followed by refilling of hydrogen in the fiber core and the theory of hydrogen diffusion in the fiber material. The amount of hydrogen quenched by the UV irradiation is 6% of the loaded hydrogen.

Social Attention, Joint Attention and Sustained Attention in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Williams Syndrome: Convergences and Divergences.

PubMed

Vivanti, Giacomo; Fanning, Peter A J; Hocking, Darren R; Sievers, Stephanie; Dissanayake, Cheryl

2017-06-01

There is limited knowledge on shared and syndrome-specific attentional profiles in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and Williams syndrome (WS). Using eye-tracking, we examined attentional profiles of 35 preschoolers with ASD, 22 preschoolers with WS and 20 typically developing children across social and non-social dimensions of attention. Children with ASD and those with WS presented with overlapping deficits in spontaneous visual engagement with the target of others' attention and in sustained attention. Children with ASD showed syndrome-specific abnormalities in monitoring and following a person's referential gaze, as well as a lack of preferential attention to social stimuli. Children with ASD and WS present with shared as well as syndrome-specific abnormalities across social and non-social dimensions of attention.

Exploring Engagement in Shared Reading Activities Between Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Their Caregivers.

PubMed

Fleury, Veronica P; Hugh, Maria L

2018-06-05

Reading aloud to children is a valued practice to promote emergent literacy and language skills that form the foundation for future reading success. We conducted a descriptive study of shared book reading practices between caregivers and their children with autism spectrum disorder (n = 17) and caregivers and their typically developing children (n = 20) to identify factors that can promote or inhibit children's engagement in reading. Caregivers and their children read nine books (familiar, non-fiction, fiction). Children with ASD demonstrated lower levels of passive engagement (looking at the book) and higher levels of non-engaged behavior compared to typically developing children. Caregiver reading quality and book type contributed to joint engagement during reading. Implications of these findings for intervention development are discussed.

A new bio-inspired, population-level approach to the socioeconomic evolution of dynamic spectrum access services

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Horvath, Denis; Gazda, Juraj; Brutovsky, Branislav

Evolutionary species and quasispecies models provide the universal and flexible basis for a large-scale description of the dynamics of evolutionary systems, which can be built conceived as a constraint satisfaction dynamics. It represents a general framework to design and study many novel, technologically contemporary models and their variants. Here, we apply the classical quasispecies concept to model the emerging dynamic spectrum access (DSA) markets. The theory describes the mechanisms of mimetic transfer, competitive interactions between socioeconomic strata of the end-users, their perception of the utility and inter-operator switching in the variable technological environments of the operators offering the wireless spectrum services. The algorithmization and numerical modeling demonstrate the long-term evolutionary socioeconomic changes which reflect the end-user preferences and results of the majorization of their irrational decisions in the same manner as the prevailing tendencies which are embodied in the efficient market hypothesis.

The Co-Occurrence of Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms in Parents of Children with ASD or ASD with ADHD

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

van Steijn, Daphne J.; Richards, Jennifer S.; Oerlemans, Anoek M.; de Ruiter, Saskia W.; van Aken, Marcel A. G.; Franke, Barbara; Buitelaar, Jan. K.; Rommelse, Nanda N. J.

2012-01-01

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) share about 50-72% of their genetic factors, which is the most likely explanation for their frequent co-occurrence within the same patient or family. An additional or alternative explanation for the co-occurrence may be (cross-)assortative mating, e.g.,…

Positive Traits in the Bipolar Spectrum: The Space between Madness and Genius

PubMed Central

Greenwood, Tiffany A.

2017-01-01

Bipolar disorder is a severe, lifelong mood disorder for which little is currently understood of the genetic mechanisms underlying risk. By examining related dimensional phenotypes, we may further our understanding of the disorder. Creativity has a historical connection with the bipolar spectrum and is particularly enhanced among unaffected first-degree relatives and those with bipolar spectrum traits. This suggests that some aspects of the bipolar spectrum may confer advantages, while more severe expressions of symptoms negatively influence creative accomplishment. Creativity is a complex, multidimensional construct with both cognitive and affective components, many of which appear to reflect a shared genetic vulnerability with bipolar disorder. It is suggested that a subset of bipolar risk variants confer advantages as positive traits according to an inverted-U-shaped curve with clinically unaffected allele carriers benefitting from the positive traits and serving to maintain the risk alleles in the population. The association of risk genes with creativity in healthy individuals (e.g., NRG1), as well as an overall sharing of common genetic variation between bipolar patients and creative individuals, provides support for this model. Current findings are summarized from a multidisciplinary perspective to demonstrate the feasibility of research in this area to reveal the mechanisms underlying illness. PMID:28277566

Molecular dynamics simulations of collision-induced absorption: Implementation in LAMMPS

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fakhardji, W.; Gustafsson, M.

2017-02-01

We pursue simulations of collision-induced absorption in a mixture of argon and xenon gas at room temperature by means of classical molecular dynamics. The established theoretical approach (Hartmann et al. 2011 J. Chem. Phys. 134 094316) is implemented with the molecular dynamics package LAMMPS. The bound state features in the absorption spectrum are well reproduced with the molecular dynamics simulation in comparison with a laboratory measurement. The magnitude of the computed absorption, however, is underestimated in a large part of the spectrum. We suggest some aspects of the simulation that could be improved.

Modeling and Dynamic Analysis of Paralleled of dc/dc Converters with Master-Slave Current Sharing Control

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rajagopalan, J.; Xing, K.; Guo, Y.; Lee, F. C.; Manners, Bruce

1996-01-01

A simple, application-oriented, transfer function model of paralleled converters employing Master-Slave Current-sharing (MSC) control is developed. Dynamically, the Master converter retains its original design characteristics; all the Slave converters are forced to depart significantly from their original design characteristics into current-controlled current sources. Five distinct loop gains to assess system stability and performance are identified and their physical significance is described. A design methodology for the current share compensator is presented. The effect of this current sharing scheme on 'system output impedance' is analyzed.

Decoding the spectroscopic features and time scales of aqueous proton defects

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Napoli, Joseph A.; Marsalek, Ondrej; Markland, Thomas E.

2018-06-01

Acid solutions exhibit a variety of complex structural and dynamical features arising from the presence of multiple interacting reactive proton defects and counterions. However, disentangling the transient structural motifs of proton defects in the water hydrogen bond network and the mechanisms for their interconversion remains a formidable challenge. Here, we use simulations treating the quantum nature of both the electrons and nuclei to show how the experimentally observed spectroscopic features and relaxation time scales can be elucidated using a physically transparent coordinate that encodes the overall asymmetry of the solvation environment of the proton defect. We demonstrate that this coordinate can be used both to discriminate the extremities of the features observed in the linear vibrational spectrum and to explain the molecular motions that give rise to the interconversion time scales observed in recent nonlinear experiments. This analysis provides a unified condensed-phase picture of the proton structure and dynamics that, at its extrema, encompasses proton sharing and spectroscopic features resembling the limiting Eigen [H3O(H2O)3]+ and Zundel [H(H2O)2]+ gas-phase structures, while also describing the rich variety of interconverting environments in the liquid phase.

With whom do you feel most intimate?: Exploring the quality of Facebook friendships in relation to similarities and interaction behaviors.

PubMed

Wee, Jieun; Lee, Joonhwan

2017-01-01

It is widely accepted that people tend to associate more and feel closer to those who share similar attributes with themselves. Most of the research on the phenomenon has been carried out in face-to-face contexts. However, it is necessary to study the phenomenon in computer-mediated contexts as well. Exploring Facebook is important in that friendships within the network indicate a broader spectrum of friends, ranging from complete strangers to confiding relations. Also, since diverse communication methods are available on Facebook, which method a user adopts to interact with a "friend" could influence the quality of the relationship, i.e. intimacy. Thus, current research aims to test whether people in computer-mediated contexts do perceive more intimacy toward friends who share similar traits, and further, aims to examine which interaction methods influence the closeness of relationship by collecting activity data of users on Facebook. Results from current study show traits related to intimacy in the online context of Facebook. Moreover, in addition to the interaction type itself, direction of the interaction influenced how intimate users feel towards their friends. Overall findings suggest that further investigation on the dynamics of online communication methods used in developing and maintaining relationships is necessary.

With whom do you feel most intimate?: Exploring the quality of Facebook friendships in relation to similarities and interaction behaviors

PubMed Central

Wee, Jieun; Lee, Joonhwan

2017-01-01

It is widely accepted that people tend to associate more and feel closer to those who share similar attributes with themselves. Most of the research on the phenomenon has been carried out in face-to-face contexts. However, it is necessary to study the phenomenon in computer-mediated contexts as well. Exploring Facebook is important in that friendships within the network indicate a broader spectrum of friends, ranging from complete strangers to confiding relations. Also, since diverse communication methods are available on Facebook, which method a user adopts to interact with a “friend” could influence the quality of the relationship, i.e. intimacy. Thus, current research aims to test whether people in computer-mediated contexts do perceive more intimacy toward friends who share similar traits, and further, aims to examine which interaction methods influence the closeness of relationship by collecting activity data of users on Facebook. Results from current study show traits related to intimacy in the online context of Facebook. Moreover, in addition to the interaction type itself, direction of the interaction influenced how intimate users feel towards their friends. Overall findings suggest that further investigation on the dynamics of online communication methods used in developing and maintaining relationships is necessary. PMID:28453526

Structural dynamics of Casein Kinase I (CKI) from malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum (Isolate 3D7): Insights from theoretical modelling and molecular simulations.

PubMed

Dehury, Budheswar; Behera, Santosh Kumar; Mahapatra, Namita

2017-01-01

The protein kinases (PKs), belonging to serine/threonine kinase (STKs), are important drug targets for a wide spectrum of diseases in human. Among protein kinases, the Casein Kinases (CKs) are vastly expanded in various organisms, where, the malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum possesses a single member i.e., PfCKI, which can phosphorylate various proteins in parasite extracts in vitro condition. But, the structure-function relationship of PfCKI and dynamics of ATP binding is yet to be understood. Henceforth, an attempt was made to study the dynamics, stability, and ATP binding mechanisms of PfCKI through computational modelling, docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and MM/PBSA binding free energy estimation. Bi-lobed catalytic domain of PfCKI shares a high degree of secondary structure topology with CKI domains of rice, human, and mouse indicating co-evolution of these kinases. Molecular docking study revealed that ATP binds to the active site where the glycine-rich ATP-binding motif (G16-X-G18-X-X-G21) along with few conserved residues plays a crucial role maintaining stability of the complex. Structural superposition of PfCKI with close structural homologs depicted that the location and length of important loops are different, indicating the dynamic properties of these loops among CKIs, which is consistent with principal component analysis (PCA). PCA displayed that the overall global motion of ATP-bound form is comparatively higher than that of apo form. The present study provides insights into the structural features of PfCKI, which could contribute towards further understanding of related protein structures, dynamics of catalysis and phosphorylation mechanism in these important STKs from malarial parasite in near future. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Conservation of Dynamics Associated with Biological Function in an Enzyme Superfamily.

PubMed

Narayanan, Chitra; Bernard, David N; Bafna, Khushboo; Gagné, Donald; Chennubhotla, Chakra S; Doucet, Nicolas; Agarwal, Pratul K

2018-03-06

Enzyme superfamily members that share common chemical and/or biological functions also share common features. While the role of structure is well characterized, the link between enzyme function and dynamics is not well understood. We present a systematic characterization of intrinsic dynamics of over 20 members of the pancreatic-type RNase superfamily, which share a common structural fold. This study is motivated by the fact that the range of chemical activity as well as molecular motions of RNase homologs spans over 10 5 folds. Dynamics was characterized using a combination of nuclear magnetic resonance experiments and computer simulations. Phylogenetic clustering led to the grouping of sequences into functionally distinct subfamilies. Detailed characterization of the diverse RNases showed conserved dynamical traits for enzymes within subfamilies. These results suggest that selective pressure for the conservation of dynamical behavior, among other factors, may be linked to the distinct chemical and biological functions in an enzyme superfamily. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A Secure and Efficient Audit Mechanism for Dynamic Shared Data in Cloud Storage

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

With popularization of cloud services, multiple users easily share and update their data through cloud storage. For data integrity and consistency in the cloud storage, the audit mechanisms were proposed. However, existing approaches have some security vulnerabilities and require a lot of computational overheads. This paper proposes a secure and efficient audit mechanism for dynamic shared data in cloud storage. The proposed scheme prevents a malicious cloud service provider from deceiving an auditor. Moreover, it devises a new index table management method and reduces the auditing cost by employing less complex operations. We prove the resistance against some attacks and show less computation cost and shorter time for auditing when compared with conventional approaches. The results present that the proposed scheme is secure and efficient for cloud storage services managing dynamic shared data. PMID:24959630

A secure and efficient audit mechanism for dynamic shared data in cloud storage.

PubMed

Kwon, Ohmin; Koo, Dongyoung; Shin, Yongjoo; Yoon, Hyunsoo

2014-01-01

With popularization of cloud services, multiple users easily share and update their data through cloud storage. For data integrity and consistency in the cloud storage, the audit mechanisms were proposed. However, existing approaches have some security vulnerabilities and require a lot of computational overheads. This paper proposes a secure and efficient audit mechanism for dynamic shared data in cloud storage. The proposed scheme prevents a malicious cloud service provider from deceiving an auditor. Moreover, it devises a new index table management method and reduces the auditing cost by employing less complex operations. We prove the resistance against some attacks and show less computation cost and shorter time for auditing when compared with conventional approaches. The results present that the proposed scheme is secure and efficient for cloud storage services managing dynamic shared data.

Computation of the spectrum of spatial Lyapunov exponents for the spatially extended beam-plasma systems and electron-wave devices

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hramov, Alexander E.; Saratov State Technical University, Politechnicheskaja str., 77, Saratov 410054; Koronovskii, Alexey A.

2012-08-15

The spectrum of Lyapunov exponents is powerful tool for the analysis of the complex system dynamics. In the general framework of nonlinear dynamics, a number of the numerical techniques have been developed to obtain the spectrum of Lyapunov exponents for the complex temporal behavior of the systems with a few degree of freedom. Unfortunately, these methods cannot be applied directly to analysis of complex spatio-temporal dynamics of plasma devices which are characterized by the infinite phase space, since they are the spatially extended active media. In the present paper, we propose the method for the calculation of the spectrum ofmore » the spatial Lyapunov exponents (SLEs) for the spatially extended beam-plasma systems. The calculation technique is applied to the analysis of chaotic spatio-temporal oscillations in three different beam-plasma model: (1) simple plasma Pierce diode, (2) coupled Pierce diodes, and (3) electron-wave system with backward electromagnetic wave. We find an excellent agreement between the system dynamics and the behavior of the spectrum of the spatial Lyapunov exponents. Along with the proposed method, the possible problems of SLEs calculation are also discussed. It is shown that for the wide class of the spatially extended systems, the set of quantities included in the system state for SLEs calculation can be reduced using the appropriate feature of the plasma systems.« less

The influence of prior reputation and reciprocity on dynamic trust-building in adults with and without autism spectrum disorder.

PubMed

Maurer, Cornelius; Chambon, Valerian; Bourgeois-Gironde, Sacha; Leboyer, Marion; Zalla, Tiziana

2018-03-01

The present study was designed to investigate the effects of reputational priors and direct reciprocity on the dynamics of trust building in adults with (N = 17) and without (N = 25) autism spectrum disorder (ASD) using a multi-round Trust Game (MTG). On each round, participants, who played as investors, were required to maximize their benefits by updating their prior expectations (the partner's positive or negative reputation), based on the partner's directed reciprocity, and adjusting their own investment decisions accordingly. Results showed that reputational priors strongly oriented the initial decision to trust, operationalized as the amount of investment the investor shares with the counterpart. However, while typically developed participants were mainly affected by the direct reciprocity, and rapidly adopted the optimal Tit-for-Tat strategy, participants with ASD continued to rely on reputational priors throughout the game, even when experience of the counterpart's actual behavior contradicted their prior-based expectations. In participants with ASD, the effect of the reputational prior never disappeared, and affected judgments of trustworthiness and reciprocity of the partner even after completion of the game. Moreover, the weight of prior reputation positively correlated with the severity of the ASD participant's social impairments while the reciprocity score negatively correlated with the severity of repetitive and stereotyped behaviors, as measured by the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R). In line with Bayesian theoretical accounts, the present findings indicate that individuals with ASD have difficulties encoding incoming social information and using it to revise and flexibly update prior social expectations, and that this deficit might severely hinder social learning and everyday life interactions. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A Place for Sexual Dysfunctions in an Empirical Taxonomy of Psychopathology

PubMed Central

Forbes, Miriam K.; Baillie, Andrew J.; Eaton, Nicholas R.; Krueger, Robert F.

2017-01-01

Sexual dysfunctions commonly co-occur with various depressive and anxiety disorders. An emerging framework for understanding the classification of mental disorders suggests that such comorbidity is a manifestation of underlying dimensions of psychopathology (or “spectra”). In this review, we synthesize the evidence that sexual dysfunctions should be included in the empirical taxonomy of psychopathology as part of the internalizing spectrum, which accounts for comorbidity among the depressive and anxiety disorders. The review has four parts. Part 1 summarizes the empirical basis and utility of the empirical taxonomy of psychopathology. Part 2 reviews the prima facie evidence for the hypothesis that sexual dysfunctions are part of the internalizing spectrum (i.e., high rates of comorbidity; shared cognitive, affective, and temperament characteristics; common neural substrates and biomarkers; shared course and treatment response; and the lack of causal relationships between them). Part 3 critically analyzes and integrates the results of the eight studies that have addressed this hypothesis. Finally, Part 4 examines the implications of reconceptualizing sexual dysfunctions as part of the internalizing spectrum, and explores avenues for future research. PMID:28121167

A Place for Sexual Dysfunctions in an Empirical Taxonomy of Psychopathology.

PubMed

Forbes, Miriam K; Baillie, Andrew J; Eaton, Nicholas R; Krueger, Robert F

Sexual dysfunctions commonly co-occur with various depressive and anxiety disorders. An emerging framework for understanding the classification of mental disorders suggests that such comorbidity is a manifestation of underlying dimensions of psychopathology (or "spectra"). In this review, we synthesize the evidence that sexual dysfunctions should be included in the empirical taxonomy of psychopathology as part of the internalizing spectrum, which accounts for comorbidity among the depressive and anxiety disorders. The review has four parts. Part 1 summarizes the empirical basis and utility of the empirical taxonomy of psychopathology. Part 2 reviews the prima facie evidence for the hypothesis that sexual dysfunctions are part of the internalizing spectrum (i.e., high rates of comorbidity; shared cognitive, affective, and temperament characteristics; common neural substrates and biomarkers; shared course and treatment response; and the lack of causal relationships between them). Part 3 critically analyzes and integrates the results of the eight studies that have addressed this hypothesis. Finally, Part 4 examines the implications of reconceptualizing sexual dysfunctions as part of the internalizing spectrum, and explores avenues for future research.

The Spectrum Analysis Solution (SAS) System: Theoretical Analysis, Hardware Design and Implementation.

PubMed

Narayanan, Ram M; Pooler, Richard K; Martone, Anthony F; Gallagher, Kyle A; Sherbondy, Kelly D

2018-02-22

This paper describes a multichannel super-heterodyne signal analyzer, called the Spectrum Analysis Solution (SAS), which performs multi-purpose spectrum sensing to support spectrally adaptive and cognitive radar applications. The SAS operates from ultrahigh frequency (UHF) to the S-band and features a wideband channel with eight narrowband channels. The wideband channel acts as a monitoring channel that can be used to tune the instantaneous band of the narrowband channels to areas of interest in the spectrum. The data collected from the SAS has been utilized to develop spectrum sensing algorithms for the budding field of spectrum sharing (SS) radar. Bandwidth (BW), average total power, percent occupancy (PO), signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), and power spectral entropy (PSE) have been examined as metrics for the characterization of the spectrum. These metrics are utilized to determine a contiguous optimal sub-band (OSB) for a SS radar transmission in a given spectrum for different modalities. Three OSB algorithms are presented and evaluated: the spectrum sensing multi objective (SS-MO), the spectrum sensing with brute force PSE (SS-BFE), and the spectrum sensing multi-objective with brute force PSE (SS-MO-BFE).

The Spectrum Analysis Solution (SAS) System: Theoretical Analysis, Hardware Design and Implementation

PubMed Central

Pooler, Richard K.; Martone, Anthony F.; Gallagher, Kyle A.; Sherbondy, Kelly D.

2018-01-01

This paper describes a multichannel super-heterodyne signal analyzer, called the Spectrum Analysis Solution (SAS), which performs multi-purpose spectrum sensing to support spectrally adaptive and cognitive radar applications. The SAS operates from ultrahigh frequency (UHF) to the S-band and features a wideband channel with eight narrowband channels. The wideband channel acts as a monitoring channel that can be used to tune the instantaneous band of the narrowband channels to areas of interest in the spectrum. The data collected from the SAS has been utilized to develop spectrum sensing algorithms for the budding field of spectrum sharing (SS) radar. Bandwidth (BW), average total power, percent occupancy (PO), signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), and power spectral entropy (PSE) have been examined as metrics for the characterization of the spectrum. These metrics are utilized to determine a contiguous optimal sub-band (OSB) for a SS radar transmission in a given spectrum for different modalities. Three OSB algorithms are presented and evaluated: the spectrum sensing multi objective (SS-MO), the spectrum sensing with brute force PSE (SS-BFE), and the spectrum sensing multi-objective with brute force PSE (SS-MO-BFE). PMID:29470448

Spectrum of Slow and Super-Slow (Picosecond to Nanosecond) Water Dynamics around Organic and Biological Solutes.

PubMed

Ramakrishnan, Gopakumar; González-Jiménez, Mario; Lapthorn, Adrian J; Wynne, Klaas

2017-07-06

Water dynamics in the solvation shell of solutes plays a very important role in the interaction of biomolecules and in chemical reaction dynamics. However, a selective spectroscopic study of the solvation shell is difficult because of the interference of the solute dynamics. Here we report on the observation of heavily slowed down water dynamics in the solvation shell of different solutes by measuring the low-frequency spectrum of solvation water, free from the contribution of the solute. A slowdown factor of ∼50 is observed even for relatively low concentrations of the solute. We go on to show that the effect can be generalized to different solutes including proteins.

Valence Scaling of Dynamic Facial Expressions Is Altered in High-Functioning Subjects with Autism Spectrum Disorders: An FMRI Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rahko, Jukka S.; Paakki, Jyri-Johan; Starck, Tuomo H.; Nikkinen, Juha; Pauls, David L.; Katsyri, Jari V.; Jansson-Verkasalo, Eira M.; Carter, Alice S.; Hurtig, Tuula M.; Mattila, Marja-Leena; Jussila, Katja K.; Remes, Jukka J.; Kuusikko-Gauffin, Sanna A.; Sams, Mikko E.; Bolte, Sven; Ebeling, Hanna E.; Moilanen, Irma K.; Tervonen, Osmo; Kiviniemi, Vesa

2012-01-01

FMRI was performed with the dynamic facial expressions fear and happiness. This was done to detect differences in valence processing between 25 subjects with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and 27 typically developing controls. Valence scaling was abnormal in ASDs. Positive valence induces lower deactivation and abnormally strong activity in ASD…

Dynamic characterization of a damaged beam using empirical mode decomposition and Hilbert spectrum method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chang, Chih-Chen; Poon, Chun-Wing

2004-07-01

Recently, the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) in combination with the Hilbert spectrum method has been proposed to identify the dynamic characteristics of linear structures. In this study, this EMD and Hilbert spectrum method is used to analyze the dynamic characteristics of a damaged reinforced concrete (RC) beam in the laboratory. The RC beam is 4m long with a cross section of 200mm X 250mm. The beam is sequentially subjected to a concentrated load of different magnitudes at the mid-span to produce different degrees of damage. An impact load is applied around the mid-span to excite the beam. Responses of the beam are recorded by four accelerometers. Results indicate that the EMD and Hilbert spectrum method can reveal the variation of the dynamic characteristics in the time domain. These results are also compared with those obtained using the Fourier analysis. In general, it is found that the two sets of results correlate quite well in terms of mode counts and frequency values. Some differences, however, can be seen in the damping values, which perhaps can be attributed to the linear assumption of the Fourier transform.

Wavelength selection for portable noninvasive blood component measurement system based on spectral difference coefficient and dynamic spectrum

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Feng, Ximeng; Li, Gang; Yu, Haixia; Wang, Shaohui; Yi, Xiaoqing; Lin, Ling

2018-03-01

Noninvasive blood component analysis by spectroscopy has been a hotspot in biomedical engineering in recent years. Dynamic spectrum provides an excellent idea for noninvasive blood component measurement, but studies have been limited to the application of broadband light sources and high-resolution spectroscopy instruments. In order to remove redundant information, a more effective wavelength selection method has been presented in this paper. In contrast to many common wavelength selection methods, this method is based on sensing mechanism which has a clear mechanism and can effectively avoid the noise from acquisition system. The spectral difference coefficient was theoretically proved to have a guiding significance for wavelength selection. After theoretical analysis, the multi-band spectral difference coefficient-wavelength selection method combining with the dynamic spectrum was proposed. An experimental analysis based on clinical trial data from 200 volunteers has been conducted to illustrate the effectiveness of this method. The extreme learning machine was used to develop the calibration models between the dynamic spectrum data and hemoglobin concentration. The experiment result shows that the prediction precision of hemoglobin concentration using multi-band spectral difference coefficient-wavelength selection method is higher compared with other methods.

Spectrum and power allocation in cognitive multi-beam satellite communications with flexible satellite payloads

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Zhihui; Wang, Haitao; Dong, Tao; Yin, Jie; Zhang, Tingting; Guo, Hui; Li, Dequan

2018-02-01

In this paper, the cognitive multi-beam satellite system, i.e., two satellite networks coexist through underlay spectrum sharing, is studied, and the power and spectrum allocation method is employed for interference control and throughput maximization. Specifically, the multi-beam satellite with flexible payload reuses the authorized spectrum of the primary satellite, adjusting its transmission band as well as power for each beam to limit its interference on the primary satellite below the prescribed threshold and maximize its own achievable rate. This power and spectrum allocation problem is formulated as a mixed nonconvex programming. For effective solving, we first introduce the concept of signal to leakage plus noise ratio (SLNR) to decouple multiple transmit power variables in the both objective and constraint, and then propose a heuristic algorithm to assign spectrum sub-bands. After that, a stepwise plus slice-wise algorithm is proposed to implement the discrete power allocation. Finally, simulation results show that adopting cognitive technology can improve spectrum efficiency of the satellite communication.

Hybrid cooperative spectrum sharing for cognitive radio networks: A contract-based approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Songwei; Mu, Xiaomin; Wang, Ning; Zhang, Dalong; Han, Gangtao

2018-06-01

In order to improve the spectral efficiency, a contract-based hybrid cooperative spectrum sharing approach is proposed in this paper, in which multiple primary users (PUs) and multiple secondary users (SUs) share the primary channels in a hybrid manner. Specifically, the SUs switch their transmission mode between underlay and overlay based on the second-order statistics of the primary links. The average transmission rates of PUs and SUs are analyzed for the two transmission modes, and an optimization problem is formulated to maximize the utility of PUs under the constraint that the utility of SUs is nonnegative, which is further solved by a contract-based approach in global statistical channel statistical information (S-CSI) scenarios and local S-CSI scenarios, individually. Numerical results show that the average transmission rate of the PUs is significantly improved by using the proposed method in both of the two scenarios, and in the meantime, the SUs can achieve a good average rate, especially while the SUs have the same number of the PUs in the local S-CSI scenarios.

Defense AT&L (Volume 37, Number 3, May-June 2008)

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-06-01

which needs spectrum for consumer products such as cell phones and Blackberry ® devices. Q. Speaking of spectrum, the Defense Spectrum Organization...Modernism is arrogant, risk-averse, and ill-suited to a dynamic environment. Its tunnel vision inappropriately disregards inconvenient data and

First-principles calculations of K-shell X-ray absorption spectra for warm dense nitrogen

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Li, Zi; Zhang, Shen; Kang, Wei

2016-05-15

X-ray absorption spectrum is a powerful tool for atomic structure detection on warm dense matter. Here, we perform first-principles molecular dynamics and X-ray absorption spectrum calculations on warm dense nitrogen along a Hugoniot curve. From the molecular dynamics trajectory, the detailed atomic structures are examined for each thermodynamical condition. The K-shell X-ray absorption spectrum is calculated, and its changes with temperature and pressure along the Hugoniot curve are discussed. The warm dense nitrogen systems may contain isolated nitrogen atoms, N{sub 2} molecules, and nitrogen clusters, which show quite different contributions to the total X-ray spectrum due to their different electronmore » density of states. The changes of X-ray spectrum along the Hugoniot curve are caused by the different nitrogen structures induced by the temperature and the pressure. Some clear signatures on X-ray spectrum for different thermodynamical conditions are pointed out, which may provide useful data for future X-ray experiments.« less

Autism Phenotypes in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex: Diagnostic and Treatment Considerations.

PubMed

Gipson, Tanjala T; Poretti, Andrea; Thomas, Emily A; Jenkins, Kosunique T; Desai, Sonal; Johnston, Michael V

2015-12-01

Tuberous sclerosis complex is a multisystem, chronic genetic condition characterized by systemic growth of benign tumors and often accompanied by epilepsy, autism spectrum disorders, and intellectual disability. Nonetheless, the neurodevelopmental phenotype of these patients is not often detailed. The authors describe 3 individuals with tuberous sclerosis complex who share common characteristics that can help to identify a distinct profile of autism spectrum disorder. These findings include typical cognitive development, expressive and pragmatic language deficits, and anxiety. The authors also describe features specific to tuberous sclerosis complex that require consideration before diagnosing an autism spectrum disorder. Identifying distinct profiles of autism spectrum disorder in tuberous sclerosis complex can help optimize treatment across the life span. © The Author(s) 2015.

A no-key-exchange secure image sharing scheme based on Shamir's three-pass cryptography protocol and the multiple-parameter fractional Fourier transform.

PubMed

Lang, Jun

2012-01-30

In this paper, we propose a novel secure image sharing scheme based on Shamir's three-pass protocol and the multiple-parameter fractional Fourier transform (MPFRFT), which can safely exchange information with no advance distribution of either secret keys or public keys between users. The image is encrypted directly by the MPFRFT spectrum without the use of phase keys, and information can be shared by transmitting the encrypted image (or message) three times between users. Numerical simulation results are given to verify the performance of the proposed algorithm.

Dynamic quantum secret sharing by using d-dimensional GHZ state

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Qin, Huawang; Dai, Yuewei

2017-03-01

Through generating the d-dimensional GHZ state in the Z-basis and measuring it in the X-basis, a dynamic quantum secret sharing scheme is proposed. In the proposed scheme, multiple participants can be added or deleted in one update period, and the shared secret does not need to be changed. The participants can be added or deleted by themselves, and the dealer does not need to be online. Compared to the existing schemes, the proposed scheme is more efficient and more practical.

Promises and Limitations of RFI Canceling Solutions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fisher, J. R.

2004-05-01

Recent years have seen a kindling of interest in signal processing solutions to radio frequency interference (RFI) to astronomical observations. Over a dozen refereed papers and several dozen conference presentations on the subject are now in the astronomical and engineering literature. This work builds on several decades of signal processing development in the fields of acoustics and communications for which there are a number of standard texts. Radio astronomy has the unique requirement that interference must be suppressed below very low detection thresholds before the scientific results of observations can be considered reliable. These detection thresholds are several orders of magnitude lower than is typical of communications signal levels. Initial trials of coherent cancellation of TV and satellite signals and blanking of pulsed interference, such as radar and aircraft signals, are encouraging, but the signal processing power required for useful bandwidths is sobering. Simultaneous cancellation of many signals and compensation for multi-path propagation effects of distant transmitters add to the processing load and are challenges that remain to be tackled. Spectrum management is becoming increasingly complex with greater emphasis on spectrum sharing in the time and spacial domains. This requires a better understanding of long-distance propagation effects and the techniques and economics of signal separation to guide the protection of the scientific use of the radio spectrum. The traditional concept of frequency allocations will be only one aspect of spectrum management in the coming years. Active users of the spectrum will expect us to devote some of our engineering and managerial resources to spectrum sharing agreements, Hence, we need to continually build a firm technical footing upon which to base our negotiating positions. The NRAO is operated for the National Science Foundation (NSF) by Associated Universities, Inc. (AUI), under a cooperative agreement.

Assessing Spectrum Compatibility for Beyond-Line-of-Sight UAS Control and Non-Payload Communications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kerczewski, Robert J.; Wilson, Jeffrey D.; Bishop, William D.

2014-01-01

In order to provide for the safe integration of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) into the National Airspace System (NAS), the control and non-payload communications (CNPC) link must be highly reliable. A specific requirement is that it must operate using aviation safety radiofrequency spectrum. Two types of links are required - line-of-sight (LOS) using terrestrial-based communications and beyond-line-of-sight (BLOS) using satellite communications. The 2012 World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC-12) provided a suitable allocation for LOS CNPC spectrum in the 5030 to 5091 MHz band which, when combined with a previously existing allocation fulfills the LOS spectrum requirement. The 5030 to 5091 MHz band is also allocated for BLOS CNPC, but since a significant portion of that band is required for LOS CNPC, additional BLOS spectrum is required. More critically, there are no satellites in operation or in development to provide such services in that band. Hence BLOS CNPC cannot be provided in protected aviation spectrum under current conditions. To fill this gap and enable integration of UAS into the NAS, it has been proposed to allow CNPC to operate over certain Fixed Satellite Service (FSS) bands in which many satellites currently provide commercial services. To enable this, changes in international regulation must be enacted. Agenda Item 1.5 of the 2015 WRC examines the possible regulatory changes needed. As part of the examination process, sharing between potential UAS using satellite communications for BLOS CNPC and other services allocated to the FSS bands being considered must be studied. This paper reviews the technical requirements and approach being undertaken for these sharing studies, with emphasis on study of interference from UAS into digital repeater links operating under the Fixed Service allocation. These studies are being conducted by NASA Glenn Research Center.

Assessing Spectrum Compatibility for Beyond-Line-of-Sight UAS Control and Non-Payload Communications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kerczewski, Robert J.; Wilson, Jeffrey D.; Bishop, William D.

2014-01-01

In order to provide for the safe integration of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) into the National Airspace System (NAS), the control and non-payload communications (CNPC) link must be highly reliable. A specific requirement is that it must operate using aviation safety radiofrequency spectrum. Two types of links are required - line-of-sight (LOS) using terrestrial-based communications and beyond-line- of-sight (BLOS) using satellite communications. The 2012 World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC-12) provided a suitable allocation for LOS CNPC spectrum in the 5030-5091 MHz band which, when combined with a previously existing allocation fulfills the LOS spectrum requirement. The 5030- 5091 MHz band is also allocated for BLOS CNPC, but since a significant portion of that band is required for LOS CNPC, additional BLOS spectrum is required. More critically, there are no satellites in operation or in development to provide such services in that band. Hence BLOS CNPC cannot be provided in protected aviation spectrum under current conditions. To fill this gap and enable integration of UAS into the NAS, it has been proposed to allow CNPC to operate over certain Fixed Satellite Service (FSS) bands in which many satellites currently provide commercial services. To enable this, changes in international regulation must be enacted. Agenda Item 1.5 of the 2015 WRC examines the possible regulatory changes needed. As part of the examination process, sharing between potential UAS using satellite communications for BLOS CNPC and other services allocated to the FSS bands being considered must be studied. This paper reviews the technical requirements and approach being undertaken for these sharing studies, with emphasis on study of interference from UAS into digital repeater links operating under the Fixed Service allocation. These studies are being conducted by NASA Glenn Research Center.

Analysis of dynamic behavior of multiple-stage planetary gear train used in wind driven generator.

PubMed

Wang, Jungang; Wang, Yong; Huo, Zhipu

2014-01-01

A dynamic model of multiple-stage planetary gear train composed of a two-stage planetary gear train and a one-stage parallel axis gear is proposed to be used in wind driven generator to analyze the influence of revolution speed and mesh error on dynamic load sharing characteristic based on the lumped parameter theory. Dynamic equation of the model is solved using numerical method to analyze the uniform load distribution of the system. It is shown that the load sharing property of the system is significantly affected by mesh error and rotational speed; load sharing coefficient and change rate of internal and external meshing of the system are of obvious difference from each other. The study provides useful theoretical guideline for the design of the multiple-stage planetary gear train of wind driven generator.

Analysis of Dynamic Behavior of Multiple-Stage Planetary Gear Train Used in Wind Driven Generator

PubMed Central

Wang, Jungang; Wang, Yong; Huo, Zhipu

2014-01-01

A dynamic model of multiple-stage planetary gear train composed of a two-stage planetary gear train and a one-stage parallel axis gear is proposed to be used in wind driven generator to analyze the influence of revolution speed and mesh error on dynamic load sharing characteristic based on the lumped parameter theory. Dynamic equation of the model is solved using numerical method to analyze the uniform load distribution of the system. It is shown that the load sharing property of the system is significantly affected by mesh error and rotational speed; load sharing coefficient and change rate of internal and external meshing of the system are of obvious difference from each other. The study provides useful theoretical guideline for the design of the multiple-stage planetary gear train of wind driven generator. PMID:24511295

Multifractality in Cardiac Dynamics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ivanov, Plamen Ch.; Rosenblum, Misha; Stanley, H. Eugene; Havlin, Shlomo; Goldberger, Ary

1997-03-01

Wavelet decomposition is used to analyze the fractal scaling properties of heart beat time series. The singularity spectrum D(h) of the variations in the beat-to-beat intervals is obtained from the wavelet transform modulus maxima which contain information on the hierarchical distribution of the singularities in the signal. Multifractal behavior is observed for healthy cardiac dynamics while pathologies are associated with loss of support in the singularity spectrum.

A Framework to Integrate Public, Dynamic Metrics into an OER Platform

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cohen, Jaclyn Zetta; Omollo, Kathleen Ludewig; Malicke, Dave

2014-01-01

The usage metrics for open educational resources (OER) are often either hidden behind an authentication system or shared intermittently in static, aggregated format at the repository level. This paper discusses the first year of University of Michigan's project to share its OER usage data dynamically, publicly, to synthesize it across different…

The Conceptual Framework of Factors Affecting Shared Mental Model

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lee, Miyoung; Johnson, Tristan; Lee, Youngmin; O'Connor, Debra; Khalil, Mohammed

2004-01-01

Many researchers have paid attention to the potentiality and possibility of the shared mental model because it enables teammates to perform their job better by sharing team knowledge, skills, attitudes, dynamics and environments. Even though theoretical and experimental evidences provide a close relationship between the shared mental model and…

Design of Broad-Spectrum Inhibitors of Influenza A Virus M2 Proton Channels: A Molecular Modeling Approach.

PubMed

Klimochkin, Yuri N; Shiryaev, Vadim A; Petrov, Pavel V; Radchenko, Eugene V; Palyulin, Vladimir A; Zefirov, Nikolay S

2016-01-01

The influenza A virus M2 proton channel plays a critical role in its life cycle. However, known M2 inhibitors have lost their clinical efficacy due to the spread of resistant mutant channels. Thus, the search for broad-spectrum M2 channel inhibitors is of great importance. The goal of the present work was to develop a general approach supporting the design of ligands interacting with multiple labile targets and to propose on its basis the potential broad-spectrum inhibitors of the M2 proton channel. The dynamic dimer-of-dimers structures of the three primary M2 target variants, wild-type, S31N and V27A, were modeled by molecular dynamics and thoroughly analyzed in order to define the inhibitor binding sites. The potential inhibitor structures were identified by molecular docking and their binding was verified by molecular dynamics simulation. The binding sites of the M2 proton channel inhibitors were analyzed, a number of potential broad-spectrum inhibitors were identified and the binding modes and probable mechanisms of action of one promising compound were clarified. Using the molecular dynamics and molecular docking techniques, we have refined the dynamic dimer-ofdimers structures of the WT, S31N and V27A variants of the M2 proton channel of the influenza A virus, analyzed the inhibitor binding sites, identified a number of potential broad-spectrum inhibitor structures targeting them, and clarified the binding modes and probable mechanisms of action of one promising compound. The proposed approach is also suitable for the design of ligands interacting with other multiple labile targets.

[A model for shared decision-making with frail older patients: consensus reached using Delphi technique].

PubMed

van de Pol, M H J; Fluit, C R M G; Lagro, J; Lagro-Janssen, A L M; Olde Rikkert, M G M

2017-01-01

To develop a model for shared decision-making with frail older patients. Online Delphi forum. We used a three-round Delphi technique to reach consensus on the structure of a model for shared decision-making with older patients. The expert panel consisted of 16 patients (round 1), and 59 professionals (rounds 1-3). In round 1, the panel of experts was asked about important steps in the process of shared decision-making and the draft model was introduced. Rounds 2 and 3 were used to adapt the model and test it for 'importance' and 'feasibility'. Consensus for the dynamic shared decision-making model as a whole was achieved for both importance (91% panel agreement) and feasibility (76% panel agreement). Shared decision-making with older patients is a dynamic process. It requires a continuous supportive dialogue between health care professional and patient.

A brief history of autism, the autism/vaccine hypothesis and a review of the genetic basis of autism spectrum disorders.

PubMed

Blake, Jerome; Hoyme, H Eugene; Crotwell, Patricia L

2013-01-01

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) represent a common spectrum of developmental disabilities, sharing deficits in social interactions, communication and restricted interests or repetitive behaviors with difficult transitions. In this article, we review the history of the identification and classification of autism and the origin of the now widely-debunked autism/vaccine hypothesis. The differences between syndromal (complex) and non-syndromal (essential) autism are described and illustrated with case descriptions where appropriate. Finally, the evidence that autism is fundamentally a genetic disease is discussed, including family studies, the role of DNA copy number variation and known single gene mutations.

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs): Data and Statistics

MedlinePlus

... alcohol screening and counseling for all women Data & Statistics Recommend on Facebook Tweet Share Compartir Prevalence of ... conducted annually by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), CDC, to produce national estimates for a ...

Split torque transmission load sharing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Krantz, T. L.; Rashidi, M.; Kish, J. G.

1992-01-01

Split torque transmissions are attractive alternatives to conventional planetary designs for helicopter transmissions. The split torque designs can offer lighter weight and fewer parts but have not been used extensively for lack of experience, especially with obtaining proper load sharing. Two split torque designs that use different load sharing methods have been studied. Precise indexing and alignment of the geartrain to produce acceptable load sharing has been demonstrated. An elastomeric torque splitter that has large torsional compliance and damping produces even better load sharing while reducing dynamic transmission error and noise. However, the elastomeric torque splitter as now configured is not capable over the full range of operating conditions of a fielded system. A thrust balancing load sharing device was evaluated. Friction forces that oppose the motion of the balance mechanism are significant. A static analysis suggests increasing the helix angle of the input pinion of the thrust balancing design. Also, dynamic analysis of this design predicts good load sharing and significant torsional response to accumulative pitch errors of the gears.

Coalition Formation and Spectrum Sharing of Cooperative Spectrum Sensing Participants.

PubMed

Zhensheng Jiang; Wei Yuan; Leung, Henry; Xinge You; Qi Zheng

2017-05-01

In cognitive radio networks, self-interested secondary users (SUs) desire to maximize their own throughput. They compete with each other for transmit time once the absence of primary users (PUs) is detected. To satisfy the requirement of PU protection, on the other hand, they have to form some coalitions and cooperate to conduct spectrum sensing. Such dilemma of SUs between competition and cooperation motivates us to study two interesting issues: 1) how to appropriately form some coalitions for cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) and 2) how to share transmit time among SUs. We jointly consider these two issues, and propose a noncooperative game model with 2-D strategies. The first dimension determines coalition formation, and the second indicates transmit time allocation. Considering the complexity of solving this game, we decompose the game into two more tractable ones: one deals with the formation of CSS coalitions, and the other focuses on the allocation of transmit time. We characterize the Nash equilibria (NEs) of both games, and show that the combination of these two NEs corresponds to the NE of the original game. We also develop a distributed algorithm to achieve a desirable NE of the original game. When this NE is achieved, the SUs obtain a Dhp-stable coalition structure and a fair transmit time allocation. Numerical results verify our analyses, and demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithm.

Quasi Path Restoration: A post-failure recovery scheme over pre-allocated backup resource for elastic optical networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yadav, Dharmendra Singh; Babu, Sarath; Manoj, B. S.

2018-03-01

Spectrum conflict during primary and backup routes assignment in elastic optical networks results in increased resource consumption as well as high Bandwidth Blocking Probability. In order to avoid such conflicts, we propose a new scheme, Quasi Path Restoration (QPR), where we divide the available spectrum into two: (1) primary spectrum (for primary routes allocation) and (2) backup spectrum (for rerouting the data on link failures). QPR exhibits three advantages over existing survivable strategies such as Shared Path Protection (SPP), Primary First Fit Backup Last Fit (PFFBLF), Jointly Releasing and re-establishment Defragmentation SPP (JRDSSPP), and Path Restoration (PR): (1) the conflict between primary and backup spectrum during route assignment is completely eliminated, (2) upon a link failure, connection recovery requires less backup resources compared to SPP, PFFBLF, and PR, and (3) availability of the same backup spectrum on each link improves the recovery guarantee. The performance of our scheme is analyzed with different primary backup spectrum partitions on varying connection-request demands and number of frequency slots. Our results show that QPR provides better connection recovery guarantee and Backup Resources Utilization (BRU) compared to bandwidth recovery of PR strategy. In addition, we compare QPR with Shared Path Protection and Primary First-Fit Backup Last Fit strategies in terms of Bandwidth Blocking Probability (BBP) and average frequency slots per connection request. Simulation results show that BBP of SPP, PFFBLF, and JRDSPP varies between 18.59% and 14.42%, while in QPR, BBP ranges from 2.55% to 17.76% for Cost239, NSFNET, and ARPANET topologies. Also, QPR provides bandwidth recovery between 93.61% and 100%, while in PR, the recovery ranges from 86.81% to 98.99%. It is evident from our analysis that QPR provides a reasonable trade-off between bandwidth blocking probability and connection recoverability.

Spectral mismatch and solar simulator quality factor in advanced LED solar simulators

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Scherff, Maximilian L. D.; Nutter, Jason; Fuss-Kailuweit, Peter; Suthues, Jörn; Brammer, Torsten

2017-08-01

Solar cell simulators based on light emitting diodes (LED) have the potential to achieve a large potential market share in the next years. As advantages they can provide a short and long time stable spectrum, which fits very well to the global AM1.5g reference spectrum. This guarantees correct measurements during the flashes and throughout the light engines’ life span, respectively. Furthermore, a calibration with a solar cell type of different spectral response (SR) as well as the production of solar cells with varying SR in between two calibrations does not affect the correctness of the measurement result. A high quality 21 channel LED solar cell spectrum is compared to former study comprising a standard modified xenon spectrum light source. It is shown, that the spectrum of the 21-channel-LED light source performs best for all examined cases.

Cooperative storage of shared files in a parallel computing system with dynamic block size

DOEpatents

Bent, John M.; Faibish, Sorin; Grider, Gary

2015-11-10

Improved techniques are provided for parallel writing of data to a shared object in a parallel computing system. A method is provided for storing data generated by a plurality of parallel processes to a shared object in a parallel computing system. The method is performed by at least one of the processes and comprises: dynamically determining a block size for storing the data; exchanging a determined amount of the data with at least one additional process to achieve a block of the data having the dynamically determined block size; and writing the block of the data having the dynamically determined block size to a file system. The determined block size comprises, e.g., a total amount of the data to be stored divided by the number of parallel processes. The file system comprises, for example, a log structured virtual parallel file system, such as a Parallel Log-Structured File System (PLFS).

Reduced Recognition of Dynamic Facial Emotional Expressions and Emotion-Specific Response Bias in Children with an Autism Spectrum Disorder

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Evers, Kris; Steyaert, Jean; Noens, Ilse; Wagemans, Johan

2015-01-01

Emotion labelling was evaluated in two matched samples of 6-14-year old children with and without an autism spectrum disorder (ASD; N = 45 and N = 50, resp.), using six dynamic facial expressions. The Emotion Recognition Task proved to be valuable demonstrating subtle emotion recognition difficulties in ASD, as we showed a general poorer emotion…

Challenges in Sharing Information Effectively: Examples from Command and Control

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sonnenwald, Diane H.

2006-01-01

Introduction: The goal of information sharing is to change a person's image of the world and to develop a shared working understanding. It is an essential component of collaboration. This paper examines barriers to sharing information effectively in dynamic group work situations. Method: Three types of battlefield training simulations were…

Rogue-wave pattern transition induced by relative frequency.

PubMed

Zhao, Li-Chen; Xin, Guo-Guo; Yang, Zhan-Ying

2014-08-01

We revisit a rogue wave in a two-mode nonlinear fiber whose dynamics is described by two-component coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations. The relative frequency between two modes can induce different rogue wave patterns transition. In particular, we find a four-petaled flower structure rogue wave can exist in the two-mode coupled system, which possesses an asymmetric spectrum distribution. Furthermore, spectrum analysis is performed on these different type rogue waves, and the spectrum relations between them are discussed. We demonstrate qualitatively that different modulation instability gain distribution can induce different rogue wave excitation patterns. These results would deepen our understanding of rogue wave dynamics in complex systems.

Environment spectrum and coherence behaviours in a rare-earth doped crystal for quantum memory.

PubMed

Gong, Bo; Tu, Tao; Zhou, Zhong-Quan; Zhu, Xing-Yu; Li, Chuan-Feng; Guo, Guang-Can

2017-12-21

We theoretically investigate the dynamics of environment and coherence behaviours of the central ion in a quantum memory based on a rare-earth doped crystal. The interactions between the central ion and the bath spins suppress the flip-flop rate of the neighbour bath spins and yield a specific environment spectral density S(ω). Under dynamical decoupling pulses, this spectrum provides a general scaling for the coherence envelope and coherence time, which significantly extend over a range on an hour-long time scale. The characterized environment spectrum with ultra-long coherence time can be used to implement various quantum communication and information processing protocols.

Characterizing active cytoskeletal dynamics with magnetic microposts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shi, Yu; Henry, Steven; Crocker, John; Reich, Daniel

Characterization of an active matter system such as the cellular cytoskeleton requires knowledge of three frequency dependent quantities: the dynamic shear modulus, G*(ω) describing its viscoelasticity, the Fourier power spectrum of forces in the material due to internal force generators f (ω) , and the spectrum of the material's active strain fluctuations x(ω) . Via use of PDMS micropost arrays with magnetic nanowires embedded in selected posts, we measure the local complex modulus of cells through mechanical actuation of the magnetic microposts. The micrometer scale microposts are also used as passive probes to measure simultaneously the frequency dependent strain fluctuations. We present data on 3T3 fibroblasts, where we find power law behavior for both the frequency dependence of cells' modulus | G (ω) | ω 0 . 27 and the power spectrum of strain fluctuations |x(ω) | ω-2 . Results for the power spectrum of active cytoskeletal stresses determined from these two measurements, and implications of this mesoscale characterization of cytoskeletal dynamics for cellular biophysics will also be discussed. Supported in part by NIH Grant 1R01HL127087.

Neural Basis of Empathy and Its Dysfunction in Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-08-01

donation behavior in rhesus monkeys when there is no perceived cost to self. These findings potentially implicate shared neural mechanisms and validate the...egalitarian and monogamous ones, like prairie voles and humans, when there is no perceived cost to self. These findings potentially implicate shared neural...maximally self-regarding in this context in the absence of OT. Thus, OT robustly enhanced prosocial choices when there was no potential cost to self, but

Ab initio calculation of the electronic absorption spectrum of liquid water

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Martiniano, Hugo F. M. C.; Galamba, Nuno; Cabral, Benedito J. Costa

2014-04-01

The electronic absorption spectrum of liquid water was investigated by coupling a one-body energy decomposition scheme to configurations generated by classical and Born-Oppenheimer Molecular Dynamics (BOMD). A Frenkel exciton Hamiltonian formalism was adopted and the excitation energies in the liquid phase were calculated with the equation of motion coupled cluster with single and double excitations method. Molecular dynamics configurations were generated by different approaches. Classical MD were carried out with the TIP4P-Ew and AMOEBA force fields. The BLYP and BLYP-D3 exchange-correlation functionals were used in BOMD. Theoretical and experimental results for the electronic absorption spectrum of liquid water are in good agreement. Emphasis is placed on the relationship between the structure of liquid water predicted by the different models and the electronic absorption spectrum. The theoretical gas to liquid phase blue-shift of the peak positions of the electronic absorption spectrum is in good agreement with experiment. The overall shift is determined by a competition between the O-H stretching of the water monomer in liquid water that leads to a red-shift and polarization effects that induce a blue-shift. The results illustrate the importance of coupling many-body energy decomposition schemes to molecular dynamics configurations to carry out ab initio calculations of the electronic properties in liquid phase.

Saccadic Eye Movements in Adults with High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zalla, Tiziana; Seassau, Magali; Cazalis, Fabienne; Gras, Doriane; Leboyer, Marion

2018-01-01

In this study, we examined the accuracy and dynamics of visually guided saccades in 20 adults with autism spectrum disorder, as compared to 20 typically developed adults using the Step/Overlap/Gap paradigms. Performances in participants with autistic spectrum disorder were characterized by preserved Gap/Overlap effect, but reduced gain and peak…

New Data on Autism: Five Facts to Know

MedlinePlus

... this? Submit Button Past Emails New Data on Autism: Five Facts to Know Language: English (US) Español ( ... Tweet Share Compartir Many children are living with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and they need services and ...

The political reference point: How geography shapes political identity.

PubMed

Feinberg, Matthew; Tullett, Alexa M; Mensch, Zachary; Hart, William; Gottlieb, Sara

2017-01-01

It is commonly assumed that how individuals identify on the political spectrum-whether liberal, conservative, or moderate-has a universal meaning when it comes to policy stances and voting behavior. But, does political identity mean the same thing from place to place? Using data collected from across the U.S. we find that even when people share the same political identity, those in "bluer" locations are more likely to support left-leaning policies and vote for Democratic candidates than those in "redder" locations. Because the meaning of political identity is inconsistent across locations, individuals who share the same political identity sometimes espouse opposing policy stances. Meanwhile, those with opposing identities sometimes endorse identical policy stances. Such findings suggest that researchers, campaigners, and pollsters must use caution when extrapolating policy preferences and voting behavior from political identity, and that animosity toward the other end of the political spectrum is sometimes misplaced.

The chromium doping of Ni{sub 3}Fe alloy and restructuring of grain boundary ensemble at the phase transition A1→L1{sub 2}

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Perevalova, Olga; Konovalova, Elena, E-mail: knv123@yandex.ru; Koneva, Nina

2016-01-15

The grain boundary structure of the Ni{sub 3}(Fe,Cr) alloy is studied in states with a short and long-range order formed at the phase transition A1→L1{sub 2}. It is found that the new boundaries of general and special types are formed during an ordering annealing, wherein the special boundaries share increases. The spectrum of special boundaries is changed due to decreasing of ∑3 boundary share. It leads to weakening of the texture in the alloy with atomic long-range order. The features of change of the special boundaries spectrum at the phase transition A1→L1{sub 2} in the Ni{sub 3}(Fe,Cr) alloy are determinedmore » by decreasing of the stacking fault energy and the atomic mean square displacement at the chromium doping.« less

Sensory experiences of children with autism spectrum disorder: In their own words

PubMed Central

Kirby, Anne V; Dickie, Virginia A; Baranek, Grace T

2015-01-01

First-person perspectives of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are rarely included in research, yet their voices may help more clearly illuminate their needs. This study involved phenomenological interviews with children with ASD (n=12, ages 4-13) used to gain insights about their sensory experiences. This article addresses two study aims: determining the feasibility of interviewing children with ASD and exploring how they share information about their sensory experiences during the qualitative interview process. With the described methods, children as young as four and across a broad range of autism severity scores successfully participated in the interviews. The manner with which children shared information about their sensory experiences included themes of normalizing, storytelling, and describing responses. The interviews also revealed the importance of context and the multisensory nature of children's experiences. These findings contribute strategies for understanding the sensory experiences of children with ASD with implications for practice and future research. PMID:24519585

Optimizing participation of children with autism spectrum disorder experiencing sensory challenges: a clinical reasoning framework.

PubMed

Ashburner, Jill K; Rodger, Sylvia A; Ziviani, Jenny M; Hinder, Elizabeth A

2014-02-01

Remedial sensory interventions currently lack supportive evidence and can be challenging to implement for families and clinicians. It may be timely to shift the focus to optimizing participation of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) through accommodation and self-regulation of their sensory differences. A framework to guide practitioners in selecting strategies is proposed based on clinical reasoning considerations, including (a) research evidence, (b) client- and family-centredness, (c) practice contexts, (d) occupation-centredness, and (e) risks. Information-sharing with families and coaching constitute the basis for intervention. Specific strategies are identified where sensory aversions or seeking behaviours, challenges with modulation of arousal, or sensory-related behaviours interfere with participation. Self-regulatory strategies are advocated. The application of universal design principles to shared environments is also recommended. The implications of this framework for future research, education, and practice are discussed. The clinical utility of the framework now needs to be tested.

Ruminations on Hildegard of Bingen (1098-1179) and autism.

PubMed

Ranft, Patricia

2014-05-01

The article brings together contemporary research on autism spectrum disorder and historical sources concerning the medical condition of a 12th century nun, Hildegard of Bingen, to test two hypotheses: first, that Hildegard manifested disabilities that meet the criteria for autism spectrum disorder and, second, that medieval monasticism was unwittingly well-suited to treat Hildegard's condition. Abundant Hildegardian sources document traces of autism spectrum disorder behaviour in Hildegard's unusual childhood and the composite picture that emerges, when these individual traits are gathered together, is consistent with an autism spectrum disorder diagnosis. The role monasticism played in helping Hildegard overcome these behaviours is documented and aspects that monasticism shares with modern autism spectrum disorder treatment programs are identified. By recognizing the presence of autism spectrum disorder traits in a major cultural leader of another era and by identifying the type of life she lived while those traits were minimized, we gain insight into the history of autism, medieval monastic life and effective elements of autism spectrum disorder treatment. © The Author(s) 2013 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav.

Protein electron transfer: is biology (thermo)dynamic?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Matyushov, Dmitry V.

2015-12-01

Simple physical mechanisms are behind the flow of energy in all forms of life. Energy comes to living systems through electrons occupying high-energy states, either from food (respiratory chains) or from light (photosynthesis). This energy is transformed into the cross-membrane proton-motive force that eventually drives all biochemistry of the cell. Life’s ability to transfer electrons over large distances with nearly zero loss of free energy is puzzling and has not been accomplished in synthetic systems. The focus of this review is on how this energetic efficiency is realized. General physical mechanisms and interactions that allow proteins to fold into compact water-soluble structures are also responsible for a rugged landscape of energy states and a broad distribution of relaxation times. Specific to a protein as a fluctuating thermal bath is the protein-water interface, which is heterogeneous both dynamically and structurally. The spectrum of interfacial fluctuations is a consequence of protein’s elastic flexibility combined with a high density of surface charges polarizing water dipoles into surface nanodomains. Electrostatics is critical to the protein function and the relevant questions are: (i) What is the spectrum of interfacial electrostatic fluctuations? (ii) Does the interfacial biological water produce electrostatic signatures specific to proteins? (iii) How is protein-mediated chemistry affected by electrostatics? These questions connect the fluctuation spectrum to the dynamical control of chemical reactivity, i.e. the dependence of the activation free energy of the reaction on the dynamics of the bath. Ergodicity is often broken in protein-driven reactions and thermodynamic free energies become irrelevant. Continuous ergodicity breaking in a dense spectrum of relaxation times requires using dynamically restricted ensembles to calculate statistical averages. When applied to the calculation of the rates, this formalism leads to the nonergodic activated kinetics, which extends the transition-state theory to dynamically dispersive media. Releasing the grip of thermodynamics in kinetic calculations through nonergodicity provides the mechanism for an efficient optimization between reaction rates and the spectrum of relaxation times of the protein-water thermal bath. Bath dynamics, it appears, play as important role as the free energy in optimizing biology’s performance.

Shared knowledge or shared affordances? Insights from an ecological dynamics approach to team coordination in sports.

PubMed

Silva, Pedro; Garganta, Júlio; Araújo, Duarte; Davids, Keith; Aguiar, Paulo

2013-09-01

Previous research has proposed that team coordination is based on shared knowledge of the performance context, responsible for linking teammates' mental representations for collective, internalized action solutions. However, this representational approach raises many questions including: how do individual schemata of team members become reformulated together? How much time does it take for this collective cognitive process to occur? How do different cues perceived by different individuals sustain a general shared mental representation? This representational approach is challenged by an ecological dynamics perspective of shared knowledge in team coordination. We argue that the traditional shared knowledge assumption is predicated on 'knowledge about' the environment, which can be used to share knowledge and influence intentions of others prior to competition. Rather, during competitive performance, the control of action by perceiving surrounding informational constraints is expressed in 'knowledge of' the environment. This crucial distinction emphasizes perception of shared affordances (for others and of others) as the main communication channel between team members during team coordination tasks. From this perspective, the emergence of coordinated behaviours in sports teams is based on the formation of interpersonal synergies between players resulting from collective actions predicated on shared affordances.

Electron degradation and yields of initial products. VII. Subexcitation electrons in gaseous and solid H sub 2 O

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ishii, M.A.; Kimura, M.; Inokuti, M.

1990-12-01

A comparative study of electron degradation spectra and yields for various species in gaseous and solid H{sub 2}O is carred out by using the rigorous Spencer-Fano theory and the continuous-slowing-down approximation (CSDA). As input we use cross-section data given by Hayashi (in {ital Atomic} {ital and} {ital Molecular} {ital Data} {ital for} {ital Radiotherapy}, Proceedings of an IAEA Advisory Group Meeting, Vienna, June 1988, Report No. IAEA-TECDOC-506 (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1989), p. 193) for the gas and by Michaud and Sanche (Phys. Rev. 36, 4672 (1987)) for the solid. Vibrational excitation is the dominant mechanism of the slowingmore » down of the electron in both gas and solid phases at intermediate energies of 8--2 eV. Rotational excitation for the gas and phonon excitation for the solid, which share the same origin of dynamics, are the second important mechanism. The general trends of the electron degradation spectra are similar in the two phases. However, details of the spectra differ notably from one another. Because the energy dependence of some of the cross sections is complex, the CSDA fails to reproduce even a local average of the Spencer-Fano degradation spectrum, and gives yields of various products appreciably different from those evaluated from the Spencer-Fano degradation spectrum.« less

Neural markers of social and monetary rewards in children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder

PubMed Central

Gonzalez-Gadea, Maria Luz; Sigman, Mariano; Rattazzi, Alexia; Lavin, Claudio; Rivera-Rei, Alvaro; Marino, Julian; Manes, Facundo; Ibanez, Agustin

2016-01-01

Recent theories of decision making propose a shared value-related brain mechanism for encoding monetary and social rewards. We tested this model in children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and control children. We monitored participants’ brain dynamics using high density-electroencephalography while they played a monetary and social reward tasks. Control children exhibited a feedback Error-Related Negativity (fERN) modulation and Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC) source activation during both tasks. Remarkably, although cooperation resulted in greater losses for the participants, the betrayal options generated greater fERN responses. ADHD subjects exhibited an absence of fERN modulation and reduced ACC activation during both tasks. ASD subjects exhibited normal fERN modulation during monetary choices and inverted fERN/ACC responses in social options than did controls. These results suggest that in neurotypicals, monetary losses and observed disloyal social decisions induced similar activity in the brain value system. In ADHD children, difficulties in reward processing affected early brain signatures of monetary and social decisions. Conversely, ASD children showed intact neural markers of value-related monetary mechanisms, but no brain modulation by prosociality in the social task. These results offer insight into the typical and atypical developments of neural correlates of monetary and social reward processing. PMID:27464551

Piping benchmark problems. Volume 1. Dynamic analysis uniform support motion response spectrum method

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bezler, P.; Hartzman, M.; Reich, M.

1980-08-01

A set of benchmark problems and solutions have been developed for verifying the adequacy of computer programs used for dynamic analysis and design of nuclear piping systems by the Response Spectrum Method. The problems range from simple to complex configurations which are assumed to experience linear elastic behavior. The dynamic loading is represented by uniform support motion, assumed to be induced by seismic excitation in three spatial directions. The solutions consist of frequencies, participation factors, nodal displacement components and internal force and moment components. Solutions to associated anchor point motion static problems are not included.

On the application of neural networks to the classification of phase modulated waveforms

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Buchenroth, Anthony; Yim, Joong Gon; Nowak, Michael; Chakravarthy, Vasu

2017-04-01

Accurate classification of phase modulated radar waveforms is a well-known problem in spectrum sensing. Identification of such waveforms aids situational awareness enabling radar and communications spectrum sharing. While various feature extraction and engineering approaches have sought to address this problem, the use of a machine learning algorithm that best utilizes these features is becomes foremost. In this effort, a comparison of a standard shallow and a deep learning approach are explored. Experiments provide insights into classifier architecture, training procedure, and performance.

Beta-lactam antibiotics: newer formulations and newer agents.

PubMed

Martin, Stanley I; Kaye, Kenneth M

2004-09-01

beta-Lactam antibiotics share a common structure and mechanism of action, although they differ in their spectrum of antimicrobial activity and utility in treating different infections. The current classes include the penicillins, the penicillinase-resistant penicillins, the extended- spectrum penicillins, the cephalosporins, the carbapenems, and the monobactams. This article discusses some of the newest beta-lactams available for use in the United States: ertapenem, cefditoren, and cefepime. A new formulation of amoxicillin-clavulanate, which contains higher doses of amoxicillin, is also discussed.

Modeling and Measuring Charge-Sharing in Hard X-ray Imagers Using HEXITEC CdTe Detectors

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ryan, Daniel F.; Christe, Steven D.; Shih, Albert Y.; Baumgartner, Wayne H.; Wilson, Matthew D.; Seller, Paul; Gaskin, Jessica A.; Inglis, Andrew

2017-01-01

The Rutherford Appleton Laboratory's HEXITEC ASIC has been designed to provide fine pixelated X-ray spectroscopic imaging in combination with a CdTe or CZT detector layer. Although HEXITEC's small pixels enable higher spatial resolution as well as higher spectral resolution via the small-pixel effect, they also increase the probability of charge sharing, a process which degrades spectral performance by dividing the charge induced by a single photon among multiple pixels. In this paper, we investigate the effect of this process on a continuum X-ray spectrum below the Cd and Te fluorescence energies (23 keV). This is done by comparing laboratory measurements with simulations performed with a custom designed model of the HEXITEC ASIC. We find that the simulations closely match the observations implying that we have an adequate understanding of both charge sharing and the HEXITEC ASIC itself. These results can be used to predict the distortion of a spectrum measured with HEXITEC and will help determine to what extent it can be corrected. They also show that models like this one are important tools in developing and interpreting observations from ASICs like HEXITEC.

Using qubits to reveal quantum signatures of an oscillator

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Agarwal, Shantanu

In this thesis, we seek to study the qubit-oscillator system with the aim to identify and quantify inherent quantum features of the oscillator. We show that the quantum signatures of the oscillator get imprinted on the dynamics of the joint system. The two key features which we explore are the quantized energy spectrum of the oscillator and the non-classicality of the oscillator's wave function. To investigate the consequences of the oscillator's discrete energy spectrum, we consider the qubit to be coupled to the oscillator through the Rabi Hamiltonian. Recent developments in fabrication technology have opened up the possibility to explore parameter regimes which were conventionally inaccessible. Motivated by these advancements, we investigate in this thesis a parameter space where the qubit frequency is much smaller than the oscillator frequency and the Rabi frequency is allowed to be an appreciable fraction of the bare frequency of the oscillator. We use the adiabatic approximation to understand the dynamics in this quasi-degenerate qubit regime. By deriving a dressed master equation, we systematically investigate the effects of the environment on the system dynamics. We develop a spectroscopic technique, using which one can probe the steady state response of the driven and damped system. The spectroscopic signal clearly reveals the quantized nature of the oscillator's energy spectrum. We extend the adiabatic approximation, earlier developed only for the single qubit case, to a scenario where multiple qubits interact with the oscillator. Using the extended adiabatic approximation, we study the collapse and revival of multi-qubit observables. We develop analytic expressions for the revival signals which are in good agreement with the numerically evaluated results. Within the quantum restriction imposed by Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, the uncertainty in the position and momentum of an oscillator is minimum and shared equally when the oscillator is prepared in a coherent state. For this reason, coherent states and states which can be thought of as a statistical mixture of coherent states are categorized as classical; whereas states which are not valid coherent state mixtures are classified as non-classical. In this thesis, we propose a new non-classicality witness operation which does not require a tomography of the oscillator's state. We show that by coupling a qubit longitudinally to the oscillator, one can infer about the non-classical nature of the initial state of the oscillator. Using a qubit observable, we derive a non-classicality witness inequality, a violation of which definitively indicates the non-classical nature of an oscillator's state.

mizer: an R package for multispecies, trait-based and community size spectrum ecological modelling.

PubMed

Scott, Finlay; Blanchard, Julia L; Andersen, Ken H

2014-10-01

Size spectrum ecological models are representations of a community of individuals which grow and change trophic level. A key emergent feature of these models is the size spectrum; the total abundance of all individuals that scales negatively with size. The models we focus on are designed to capture fish community dynamics useful for assessing the community impacts of fishing.We present mizer , an R package for implementing dynamic size spectrum ecological models of an entire aquatic community subject to fishing. Multiple fishing gears can be defined and fishing mortality can change through time making it possible to simulate a range of exploitation strategies and management options. mizer implements three versions of the size spectrum modelling framework: the community model, where individuals are only characterized by their size; the trait-based model, where individuals are further characterized by their asymptotic size; and the multispecies model where additional trait differences are resolved.A range of plot, community indicator and summary methods are available to inspect the results of the simulations.

Padé spectrum decompositions of quantum distribution functions and optimal hierarchical equations of motion construction for quantum open systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hu, Jie; Luo, Meng; Jiang, Feng; Xu, Rui-Xue; Yan, YiJing

2011-06-01

Padé spectrum decomposition is an optimal sum-over-poles expansion scheme of Fermi function and Bose function [J. Hu, R. X. Xu, and Y. J. Yan, J. Chem. Phys. 133, 101106 (2010)], 10.1063/1.3484491. In this work, we report two additional members to this family, from which the best among all sum-over-poles methods could be chosen for different cases of application. Methods are developed for determining these three Padé spectrum decomposition expansions at machine precision via simple algorithms. We exemplify the applications of present development with optimal construction of hierarchical equations-of-motion formulations for nonperturbative quantum dissipation and quantum transport dynamics. Numerical demonstrations are given for two systems. One is the transient transport current to an interacting quantum-dots system, together with the involved high-order co-tunneling dynamics. Another is the non-Markovian dynamics of a spin-boson system.

Quantum transition state dynamics of the cyclooctatetraene unimolecular reaction on ab initio potential energy surfaces

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tokizaki, Chihiro; Yoshida, Takahiko; Takayanagi, Toshiyuki

2016-05-01

The cyclooctatetraene (COT) anion has a stable D4h structure that is similar to the transition state configurations of the neutral C-C bond-alternation (D4h ↔ D8h ↔ D4h) and ring-inversion (D2d ↔ D4h ↔ D2d) unimolecular reactions. The previously measured photodetachment spectrum of COT- revealed the reaction dynamics in the vicinity of the two transition states on the neutral potential energy surface. In this work, the photodetachment spectrum is calculated quantum mechanically on ab initio-level potential energy surfaces within a three degree-of-freedom reduced-dimensionality model. Very good agreement has been obtained between theory and experiment, providing reliable interpretations for the experimental spectrum. A detailed picture of the reactive molecular dynamics of the COT unimolecular reaction in the transition state region is also discussed.

Dynamics of a Successful Planned Giving Program Utilizing Shared Leadership at Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Baldwin, Robin Lynn Brunty

2013-01-01

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dynamics of a successful planned giving program utilizing shared leadership at Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs). This information will assist the leadership in determining if and how a successful planned giving program can be established for HBCUs. It is possible for planned gifts…

47 CFR 301.100 - Membership.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 5 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Membership. 301.100 Section 301.100 Telecommunication NATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND INFORMATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE RELOCATION OF AND SPECTRUM SHARING BY FEDERAL GOVERNMENT STATIONS Technical Panel § 301.100 Membership. (a...

47 CFR 301.100 - Membership.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Membership. 301.100 Section 301.100 Telecommunication NATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND INFORMATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE RELOCATION OF AND SPECTRUM SHARING BY FEDERAL GOVERNMENT STATIONS Technical Panel § 301.100 Membership. (a...

Modelling of salad plants growth and physiological status in vitamin space greenhouse during lighting regime optimization

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Konovalova, Irina; Berkovich, Yuliy A.; Smolyanina, Svetlana; Erokhin, Alexei; Yakovleva, Olga; Lapach, Sergij; Radchenko, Stanislav; Znamenskii, Artem; Tarakanov, Ivan

2016-07-01

The efficiency of the photoautotrophic element as part of bio-engineering life-support systems is determined substantially by lighting regime. The artificial light regime optimization complexity results from the wide range of plant physiological functions controlled by light: trophic, informative, biosynthetical, etc. An average photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), light spectral composition and pulsed light effects on the crop growth and plant physiological status were studied in the multivariate experiment, including 16 independent experiments in 3 replicates. Chinese cabbage plants (Brassica chinensis L.), cultivar Vesnianka, were grown during 24 days in a climatic chamber under white and red light-emitting diodes (LEDs): photoperiod 24 h, PPFD from 260 to 500 µM/(m ^{2}*s), red light share in the spectrum varying from 33% to 73%, pulsed (pulse period from 30 to 501 µs) and non-pulsed lighting. The regressions of plant photosynthetic and biochemical indexes as well as the crop specific productivity in response to the selected parameters of lighting regime were calculated. Developed models of crop net photosynthesis and dark respiration revealed the most intense gas exchange area corresponding to PPFD level 450 - 500 µM/(m ^{2}*s) with red light share in the spectrum about 60% and the pulse length 30 µs with a pulse period from 300 to 400 µs. Shoot dry weight increased monotonically in response to the increasing PPFD and changed depending on the pulse period under stabilized PPFD level. An increase in ascorbic acid content in the shoot biomass was revealed when increasing red light share in spectrum from 33% to 73%. The lighting regime optimization criterion (Q) was designed for the vitamin space greenhouse as the maximum of a crop yield square on its ascorbic acid concentration, divided by the light energy consumption. The regression model of optimization criterion was constructed based on the experimental data. The analysis of the model made it possible to determine the optimal lighting regime for the space greenhouse: PPFD level about 430 µ&M/(m ^{2}*s), red light share in the spectrum around 73%, non-pulsed lighting. At the same PPFD, Q-criterion value for the selected lighting regime was 1.5 times higher than under white LEDs, and slightly (about 15%) lower than under high-pressure sodium lamp light.

Fermi-Pasta-Ulam auto recurrence in the description of the electrical activity of the heart.

PubMed

Novopashin, M A; Shmid, A V; Berezin, A A

2017-04-01

The authors proposed and mathematically described model of a new type of the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam recurrence (the FPU auto recurrence) and hypothesized an adequate description of the heart's electrical dynamics within the observed phenomenon. The dynamics of the FPU auto recurrence making appropriate electrical dynamics of the normal functioning of the heart in the form of an electrocardiogram (ECG) was obtained by a computer model study. The model solutions in the form of the FPU auto recurrence - ECG Fourier spectrum were evaluated for resistance to external disturbances in the form of random effects, as well as periodic perturbation at a frequency close to the heart beating rate of about 1Hz. In addition, in order to simulate the dynamics of myocardial infarction model, studied the effect of the surface area of the myocardium on the stability and shape of the auto recurrence - ECG spectrum. It has been found that the intense external disturbing periodic impacts at a frequency of about 1Hz lead to a sharp disturbance spectrum shape FPU auto recurrence - ECG structure. In addition, the decrease in the surface of the myocardium by 50% in the model led to the destruction of structures of the auto recurrence - ECG, which corresponds to the state of atrial myocardium. Research models have revealed a hypothetical basis of coronary heart disease in the form of increasing the energy of high-frequency harmonics spectrum of the auto recurrence by reducing the energy of low-frequency harmonic spectrum of the auto recurrence, which ultimately leads to a sharp decrease in myocardial contractility. In order to test the hypothesis has been studied more than 20,000 ECGs both healthy people and patients with cardiovascular disease. As a result of these studies, it was found that the dynamics of the electrical activity of normal functioning of the heart can be interpreted by the display of the detected by authors the FPU auto recurrence, and coronary heart disease is a violation of the energy ratio between the low and high frequency harmonics of the FPU auto recurrence Fourier spectrum equal to the ECG spectrum. Thus, the hypothesis has been confirmed. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Integrating Telco interoffice fiber transport with coaxial distribution

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

McCarthy, Steven M.

1993-02-01

Real success in the residential broadband market is contingent on a platform that most efficiently shares broadband port costs while at the same time affords us an elegant, and cost efficient, upgrade from today's analog to tomorrow's digital world. Spectrum transport, whether it be over new or existing fiber/coax systems or FTTC, is that platform. It is compatible with today's home entertainment market, can be evolved to future digital transport, and effectively shares the cost of interfacing with a broadband network.

Payload system tradeoffs for mobile communications satellites

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Moody, H. J.

1990-01-01

System level trade-offs carried out during Mobile Satellite (M-SAT) design activities are described. These trade-offs relate to the use of low level beam forming, flexible power and spectrum distribution, and selection of the number of beams to cover the service area. It is shown that antenna performance can be improved by sharing horns between beams using a low level beam forming network (BFN). Additionally, greatly increased power utilization is possible using a hybrid matrix concept to share power between beams.

When Autistic Behavior Suggests a Disease Other than Classic Autism.

PubMed

Simms, Mark D

2017-02-01

Most neurodevelopmental disorders are defined by their clinical symptoms and many disorders share common features. Recently there has been an increase in the number of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, although concerns have been raised about the accuracy of the reported prevalence rates. This article reviews the essential features of autism spectrum disorder and describes other conditions that may include similar symptoms that may be misdiagnosed as autism spectrum disorder (primary communication disorders, anxiety disorders, attachment disorders, intellectual disability, vision and hearing impairment, and normal variations). An approach to differential diagnosis is discussed with particular attention to evaluation of young children. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

A QoS Optimization Approach in Cognitive Body Area Networks for Healthcare Applications.

PubMed

Ahmed, Tauseef; Le Moullec, Yannick

2017-04-06

Wireless body area networks are increasingly featuring cognitive capabilities. This work deals with the emerging concept of cognitive body area networks. In particular, the paper addresses two important issues, namely spectrum sharing and interferences. We propose methods for channel and power allocation. The former builds upon a reinforcement learning mechanism, whereas the latter is based on convex optimization. Furthermore, we also propose a mathematical channel model for off-body communication links in line with the IEEE 802.15.6 standard. Simulation results for a nursing home scenario show that the proposed approach yields the best performance in terms of throughput and QoS for dynamic environments. For example, in a highly demanding scenario our approach can provide throughput up to 7 Mbps, while giving an average of 97.2% of time QoS satisfaction in terms of throughput. Simulation results also show that the power optimization algorithm enables reducing transmission power by approximately 4.5 dBm, thereby sensibly and significantly reducing interference.

Robust ion current oscillations under a steady electric field: An ion channel analog.

PubMed

Yan, Yu; Wang, Yunshan; Senapati, Satyajyoti; Schiffbauer, Jarrod; Yossifon, Gilad; Chang, Hsueh-Chia

2016-08-01

We demonstrate a nonlinear, nonequilibrium field-driven ion flux phenomenon, which unlike Teorell's nonlinear multiple field theory, requires only the application of one field: robust autonomous current-mass flux oscillations across a porous monolith coupled to a capillary with a long air bubble, which mimics a hydrophobic protein in an ion channel. The oscillations are driven by the hysteretic wetting dynamics of the meniscus when electro-osmotic flow and pressure driven backflow, due to bubble expansion, compete to approach zero mass flux within the monolith. Delayed rupture of the film around the advancing bubble cuts off the electric field and switches the monolith mass flow from the former to the latter. The meniscus then recedes and repairs the rupture to sustain an oscillation for a range of applied fields. This generic mechanism shares many analogs with current oscillations in cell membrane ion channel. At sufficiently high voltage, the system undergoes a state transition characterized by appearance of the ubiquitous 1/f power spectrum.

Encoding frequency contrast in primate auditory cortex

PubMed Central

Scott, Brian H.; Semple, Malcolm N.

2014-01-01

Changes in amplitude and frequency jointly determine much of the communicative significance of complex acoustic signals, including human speech. We have previously described responses of neurons in the core auditory cortex of awake rhesus macaques to sinusoidal amplitude modulation (SAM) signals. Here we report a complementary study of sinusoidal frequency modulation (SFM) in the same neurons. Responses to SFM were analogous to SAM responses in that changes in multiple parameters defining SFM stimuli (e.g., modulation frequency, modulation depth, carrier frequency) were robustly encoded in the temporal dynamics of the spike trains. For example, changes in the carrier frequency produced highly reproducible changes in shapes of the modulation period histogram, consistent with the notion that the instantaneous probability of discharge mirrors the moment-by-moment spectrum at low modulation rates. The upper limit for phase locking was similar across SAM and SFM within neurons, suggesting shared biophysical constraints on temporal processing. Using spike train classification methods, we found that neural thresholds for modulation depth discrimination are typically far lower than would be predicted from frequency tuning to static tones. This “dynamic hyperacuity” suggests a substantial central enhancement of the neural representation of frequency changes relative to the auditory periphery. Spike timing information was superior to average rate information when discriminating among SFM signals, and even when discriminating among static tones varying in frequency. This finding held even when differences in total spike count across stimuli were normalized, indicating both the primacy and generality of temporal response dynamics in cortical auditory processing. PMID:24598525

Relaxation dynamics of ultracold bosons in a double-well potential: Thermalization and prethermalization in a nearly integrable model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cosme, Jayson G.

2015-09-01

We numerically investigate the relaxation dynamics in an isolated quantum system of interacting bosons trapped in a double-well potential after an integrability breaking quench. Using the statistics of the spectrum, we identify the postquench Hamiltonian as nonchaotic and close to integrability over a wide range of interaction parameters. We demonstrate that the system exhibits thermalization in the context of the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH). We also explore the possibility of an initial state to delocalize with respect to the eigenstates of the postquench Hamiltonian even for energies away from the middle of the spectrum. We observe distinct regimes of equilibration process depending on the initial energy. For low energies, the system rapidly relaxes in a single step to a thermal state. As the energy increases towards the middle of the spectrum, the relaxation dynamics exhibits prethermalization and the lifetime of the metastable states grows. Time evolution of the occupation numbers and the von Neumann entropy in the mode-partitioned system underpins the analyses of the relaxation dynamics.

A QM/MM study of the absorption spectrum of harmane in water solution and interacting with DNA: the crucial role of dynamic effects.

PubMed

Etienne, Thibaud; Very, Thibaut; Perpète, Eric A; Monari, Antonio; Assfeld, Xavier

2013-05-02

We present a time-dependent density functional theory computation of the absorption spectra of one β-carboline system: the harmane molecule in its neutral and cationic forms. The spectra are computed in aqueous solution. The interaction of cationic harmane with DNA is also studied. In particular, the use of hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics methods is discussed, together with its coupling to a molecular dynamics strategy to take into account dynamic effects of the environment and the vibrational degrees of freedom of the chromophore. Different levels of treatment of the environment are addressed starting from purely mechanical embedding to electrostatic and polarizable embedding. We show that a static description of the spectrum based on equilibrium geometry only is unable to give a correct agreement with experimental results, and dynamic effects need to be taken into account. The presence of two stable noncovalent interaction modes between harmane and DNA is also presented, as well as the associated absorption spectrum of harmane cation.

Quantitative comparison between full-spectrum and filter-based imaging in hyperspectral fluorescence microscopy

PubMed Central

GAO, L.; HAGEN, N.; TKACZYK, T.S.

2012-01-01

Summary We implement a filterless illumination scheme on a hyperspectral fluorescence microscope to achieve full-range spectral imaging. The microscope employs polarisation filtering, spatial filtering and spectral unmixing filtering to replace the role of traditional filters. Quantitative comparisons between full-spectrum and filter-based microscopy are provided in the context of signal dynamic range and accuracy of measured fluorophores’ emission spectra. To show potential applications, a five-colour cell immunofluorescence imaging experiment is theoretically simulated. Simulation results indicate that the use of proposed full-spectrum imaging technique may result in three times improvement in signal dynamic range compared to that can be achieved in the filter-based imaging. PMID:22356127

Comment on "Dynamic quantum secret sharing"

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liao, Ci-Hong; Yang, Chun-Wei; Hwang, Tzonelish

2013-10-01

Hsu et al. (Quantum Inf Process 12:331-344,2013) proposed a dynamic quantum secret sharing (DQSS) protocol using the entanglement swapping of Bell states for an agent to easily join (or leave) the system. In 2013, Wang and Li (Quantum Inf Process 12(5):1991-1997, 2013) proposed a collusion attack on Hsu et al.'s DQSS protocol. Nevertheless, this study points out a new security issue on Hsu et al.'s DQSS protocol regarding to the honesty of a revoked agent. Without considering this issue, the DQSS protocol could be failed to provide secret sharing function.

Wavepacket dynamics in one-dimensional system with long-range correlated disorder

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yamada, Hiroaki S.

2018-03-01

We numerically investigate dynamical property in the one-dimensional tight-binding model with long-range correlated disorder having power spectrum 1 /fα (α: spectrum exponent) generated by Fourier filtering method. For relatively small α <αc (=2) time-dependence of mean square displacement (MSD) of the initially localized wavepacket shows ballistic spread and localizes as time elapses. It is shown that α-dependence of the dynamical localization length determined by the MSD exhibits a simple scaling law in the localization regime for the relatively weak disorder strength W. Furthermore, scaled MSD by the dynamical localization length almost obeys an universal function from the ballistic to the localization regime in the various combinations of the parameters α and W.

Entanglement spectrum as a generalization of entanglement entropy: identification of topological order in non-Abelian fractional quantum Hall effect states.

PubMed

Li, Hui; Haldane, F D M

2008-07-04

We study the "entanglement spectrum" (a presentation of the Schmidt decomposition analogous to a set of "energy levels") of a many-body state, and compare the Moore-Read model wave function for the nu=5/2 fractional quantum Hall state with a generic 5/2 state obtained by finite-size diagonalization of the second-Landau-level-projected Coulomb interactions. Their spectra share a common "gapless" structure, related to conformal field theory. In the model state, these are the only levels, while in the "generic" case, they are separated from the rest of the spectrum by a clear "entanglement gap", which appears to remain finite in the thermodynamic limit. We propose that the low-lying entanglement spectrum can be used as a "fingerprint" to identify topological order.

Assisted reproductive technology has no association with autism spectrum disorders: The Taiwan Birth Cohort Study.

PubMed

Lung, For-Wey; Chiang, Tung-Liang; Lin, Shio-Jean; Lee, Meng-Chih; Shu, Bih-Ching

2018-04-01

The use of assisted reproduction technology has increased over the last two decades. Autism spectrum disorders and assisted reproduction technology share many risk factors. However, previous studies on the association between autism spectrum disorders and assisted reproduction technology have shown inconsistent results. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between assisted reproduction technology and autism spectrum disorder diagnosis in a national birth cohort database. Furthermore, the results from the assisted reproduction technology and autism spectrum disorder propensity score matching exact matched datasets were compared. For this study, the 6- and 66-month Taiwan Birth Cohort Study datasets were used (N = 20,095). In all, 744 families were propensity score matching exact matched and selected as the assisted reproduction technology sample (ratio of assisted reproduction technology to controls: 1:2) and 415 families as the autism spectrum disorder sample (ratio of autism spectrum disorder to controls: 1:4). Using a national birth cohort dataset, controlling for the confounding factors of assisted reproduction technology conception and autism spectrum disorder diagnosis, both assisted reproduction technology and autism spectrum disorder propensity score matching matched datasets showed the same results of no association between assisted reproduction technology and autism spectrum disorder. Further study on the detailed information regarding the processes and methods of assisted reproduction technology may provide us with more information on the association between assisted reproduction technology and autism spectrum disorder.

Policy enabled information sharing system

DOEpatents

Jorgensen, Craig R.; Nelson, Brian D.; Ratheal, Steve W.

2014-09-02

A technique for dynamically sharing information includes executing a sharing policy indicating when to share a data object responsive to the occurrence of an event. The data object is created by formatting a data file to be shared with a receiving entity. The data object includes a file data portion and a sharing metadata portion. The data object is encrypted and then automatically transmitted to the receiving entity upon occurrence of the event. The sharing metadata portion includes metadata characterizing the data file and referenced in connection with the sharing policy to determine when to automatically transmit the data object to the receiving entity.

Research on Information Sharing Mechanism of Network Organization Based on Evolutionary Game

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Lin; Liu, Gaozhi

2018-02-01

This article first elaborates the concept and effect of network organization, and the ability to share information is analyzed, secondly introduces the evolutionary game theory, network organization for information sharing all kinds of limitations, establishes the evolutionary game model, analyzes the dynamic evolution of network organization of information sharing, through reasoning and evolution. The network information sharing by the initial state and two sides of the game payoff matrix of excess profits and information is the information sharing of cost and risk sharing are the influence of network organization node information sharing decision.

Power spectrum analysis for defect screening in integrated circuit devices

DOEpatents

Tangyunyong, Paiboon; Cole Jr., Edward I.; Stein, David J.

2011-12-01

A device sample is screened for defects using its power spectrum in response to a dynamic stimulus. The device sample receives a time-varying electrical signal. The power spectrum of the device sample is measured at one of the pins of the device sample. A defect in the device sample can be identified based on results of comparing the power spectrum with one or more power spectra of the device that have a known defect status.

Women and Entrepreneurship. ERIC Digest.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kerka, Sandra

The spectrum of women-owned businesses ranges from full corporations to microenterprises. Women business owners share many characteristics and motivations of business owners generally; other factors are dissatisfaction with "glass ceiling" limits, desire for job flexibility, and age discrimination. Women entrepreneurs often face barriers…

47 CFR 301.110 - Organization and operations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 5 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Organization and operations. 301.110 Section 301.110 Telecommunication NATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND INFORMATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE RELOCATION OF AND SPECTRUM SHARING BY FEDERAL GOVERNMENT STATIONS Technical Panel § 301.110...

47 CFR 301.130 - Technical assistance to Dispute Resolution Boards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 5 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Technical assistance to Dispute Resolution Boards. 301.130 Section 301.130 Telecommunication NATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND INFORMATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE RELOCATION OF AND SPECTRUM SHARING BY FEDERAL GOVERNMENT STATIONS...

47 CFR 301.10 - Cross-reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 5 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Cross-reference. 301.10 Section 301.10 Telecommunication NATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND INFORMATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE RELOCATION OF AND SPECTRUM SHARING BY FEDERAL GOVERNMENT STATIONS General Information § 301.10 Cross-reference. The...

47 CFR 301.110 - Organization and operations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Organization and operations. 301.110 Section 301.110 Telecommunication NATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND INFORMATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE RELOCATION OF AND SPECTRUM SHARING BY FEDERAL GOVERNMENT STATIONS Technical Panel § 301.110...

47 CFR 301.220 - Dispute Resolution.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 5 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Dispute Resolution. 301.220 Section 301.220 Telecommunication NATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND INFORMATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE RELOCATION OF AND SPECTRUM SHARING BY FEDERAL GOVERNMENT STATIONS Dispute Resolution Boards. § 301.220 Dispute...

47 CFR 301.220 - Dispute resolution.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Dispute resolution. 301.220 Section 301.220 Telecommunication NATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND INFORMATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE RELOCATION OF AND SPECTRUM SHARING BY FEDERAL GOVERNMENT STATIONS Dispute Resolution Boards § 301.220 Dispute...

47 CFR 301.130 - Technical assistance to Dispute Resolution Boards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Technical assistance to Dispute Resolution Boards. 301.130 Section 301.130 Telecommunication NATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND INFORMATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE RELOCATION OF AND SPECTRUM SHARING BY FEDERAL GOVERNMENT STATIONS...

47 CFR 301.10 - Cross-reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Cross-reference. 301.10 Section 301.10 Telecommunication NATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND INFORMATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE RELOCATION OF AND SPECTRUM SHARING BY FEDERAL GOVERNMENT STATIONS General Information § 301.10 Cross-reference. The...

Sambamurti Memorial Lecture: Spotlight on the Gluon

ScienceCinema

Michael Begelas

2017-12-09

Begel uses results from the Fermilab D0 and E706 experiments to explain how the production rate and energy spectrum of photons produced during proton collisions helped to clarify how the energy inside the proton is shared between quarks and gluons.

Ab initio calculation of the electronic absorption spectrum of liquid water

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Martiniano, Hugo F. M. C.; Galamba, Nuno; Cabral, Benedito J. Costa, E-mail: ben@cii.fc.ul.pt

2014-04-28

The electronic absorption spectrum of liquid water was investigated by coupling a one-body energy decomposition scheme to configurations generated by classical and Born-Oppenheimer Molecular Dynamics (BOMD). A Frenkel exciton Hamiltonian formalism was adopted and the excitation energies in the liquid phase were calculated with the equation of motion coupled cluster with single and double excitations method. Molecular dynamics configurations were generated by different approaches. Classical MD were carried out with the TIP4P-Ew and AMOEBA force fields. The BLYP and BLYP-D3 exchange-correlation functionals were used in BOMD. Theoretical and experimental results for the electronic absorption spectrum of liquid water are inmore » good agreement. Emphasis is placed on the relationship between the structure of liquid water predicted by the different models and the electronic absorption spectrum. The theoretical gas to liquid phase blue-shift of the peak positions of the electronic absorption spectrum is in good agreement with experiment. The overall shift is determined by a competition between the O–H stretching of the water monomer in liquid water that leads to a red-shift and polarization effects that induce a blue-shift. The results illustrate the importance of coupling many-body energy decomposition schemes to molecular dynamics configurations to carry out ab initio calculations of the electronic properties in liquid phase.« less

Dynamical Correlation In Some Liquid Alkaline Earth Metals Near Melting

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Thakore, B. Y.; Suthar, P. H.; Khambholja, S. G.; Gajjar, P. N.; Jani, A. R.

2010-12-01

The study of dynamical variables: velocity autocorrelation function (VACF) and power spectrum of liquid alkaline earth metals (Ca, Sr, and Ba) have been presented based on the static harmonic well approximation. The effective interatomic potential for liquid metals is computed using our well recognized model potential with the exchange correlation functions due to Hartree, Taylor, Ichimaru and Utsumi, Farid et al. and Sarkar et al. It is observed that the VACF computed using Sarkar et al. gives the good agreement with available molecular dynamics simulation (MD) results [Phys Rev. B 62, 14818 (2000)]. The shoulder of the power spectrum depends upon the type of local field correlation function used.

Spectrum-efficient multipath provisioning with content connectivity for the survivability of elastic optical datacenter networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gao, Tao; Li, Xin; Guo, Bingli; Yin, Shan; Li, Wenzhe; Huang, Shanguo

2017-07-01

Multipath provisioning is a survivable and resource efficient solution against increasing link failures caused by natural or man-made disasters in elastic optical datacenter networks (EODNs). Nevertheless, the conventional multipath provisioning scheme is designed only for connecting a specific node pair. Also, it is obvious that the number of node-disjoint paths between any two nodes is restricted to network connectivity, which has a fixed value for a given topology. Recently, the concept of content connectivity in EODNs has been proposed, which guarantees that a user can be served by any datacenter hosting the required content regardless of where it is located. From this new perspective, we propose a survivable multipath provisioning with content connectivity (MPCC) scheme, which is expected to improve the spectrum efficiency and the whole system survivability. We formulate the MPCC scheme with Integer Linear Program (ILP) in static traffic scenario and a heuristic approach is proposed for dynamic traffic scenario. Furthermore, to adapt MPCC to the variation of network state in dynamic traffic scenario, we propose a dynamic content placement (DCP) strategy in the MPCC scheme for detecting the variation of the distribution of user requests and adjusting the content location dynamically. Simulation results indicate that the MPCC scheme can reduce over 20% spectrum consumption than conventional multipath provisioning scheme in static traffic scenario. And in dynamic traffic scenario, the MPCC scheme can reduce over 20% spectrum consumption and over 50% blocking probability than conventional multipath provisioning scheme. Meanwhile, benefiting from the DCP strategy, the MPCC scheme has a good adaption to the variation of the distribution of user requests.

Assessing blood brain barrier dynamics or identifying or measuring selected substances or toxins in a subject by analyzing Raman spectrum signals of selected regions in the eye

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lambert, James L. (Inventor); Borchert, Mark S. (Inventor)

2003-01-01

A non-invasive method for analyzing the blood-brain barrier includes obtaining a Raman spectrum of a selected portion of the eye and monitoring the Raman spectrum to ascertain a change to the dynamics of the blood brain barrier. Also, non-invasive methods for determining the brain or blood level of an analyte of interest, such as glucose, drugs, alcohol, poisons, and the like, comprises: generating an excitation laser beam (e.g., at a wavelength of 600 to 900 nanometers); focusing the excitation laser beam into the anterior chamber of an eye of the subject so that aqueous humor, vitreous humor, or one or more conjunctiva vessels in the eye is illuminated; detecting (preferably confocally detecting) a Raman spectrum from the illuminated portion of the eye; and then determining the blood level or brain level (intracranial or cerebral spinal fluid level) of an analyte of interest for the subject from the Raman spectrum. In certain embodiments, the detecting step may be followed by the step of subtracting a confounding fluorescence spectrum from the Raman spectrum to produce a difference spectrum; and determining the blood level and/or brain level of the analyte of interest for the subject from that difference spectrum, preferably using linear or nonlinear multivariate analysis such as partial least squares analysis. Apparatus for carrying out the foregoing methods are also disclosed.

Assessing blood brain barrier dynamics or identifying or measuring selected substances, including ethanol or toxins, in a subject by analyzing Raman spectrum signals

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Borchert, Mark S. (Inventor); Lambert, James L. (Inventor)

2008-01-01

A non-invasive method for analyzing the blood-brain barrier includes obtaining a Raman spectrum of a selected portion of the eye and monitoring the Raman spectrum to ascertain a change to the dynamics of the blood brain barrier.Also, non-invasive methods for determining the brain or blood level of an analyte of interest, such as glucose, drugs, alcohol, poisons, and the like, comprises: generating an excitation laser beam at a selected wavelength (e.g., at a wavelength of about 400 to 900 nanometers); focusing the excitation laser beam into the anterior chamber of an eye of the subject so that aqueous humor, vitreous humor, or one or more conjunctiva vessels in the eye is illuminated; detecting (preferably confocally detecting) a Raman spectrum from the illuminated portion of the eye; and then determining the blood level or brain level (intracranial or cerebral spinal fluid level) of an analyte of interest for the subject from the Raman spectrum. In certain embodiments, the detecting step may be followed by the step of subtracting a confounding fluorescence spectrum from the Raman spectrum to produce a difference spectrum; and determining the blood level and/or brain level of the analyte of interest for the subject from that difference spectrum, preferably using linear or nonlinear multivariate analysis such as partial least squares analysis. Apparatus for carrying out the foregoing methods are also disclosed.

Singular spectrum and singular entropy used in signal processing of NC table

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Linhong; He, Yiwen

2011-12-01

NC (numerical control) table is a complex dynamic system. The dynamic characteristics caused by backlash, friction and elastic deformation among each component are so complex that they have become the bottleneck of enhancing the positioning accuracy, tracking accuracy and dynamic behavior of NC table. This paper collects vibration acceleration signals from NC table, analyzes the signals with SVD (singular value decomposition) method, acquires the singular spectrum and calculates the singular entropy of the signals. The signal characteristics and their regulations of NC table are revealed via the characteristic quantities such as singular spectrum, singular entropy etc. The steep degrees of singular spectrums can be used to discriminate complex degrees of signals. The results show that the signals in direction of driving axes are the simplest and the signals in perpendicular direction are the most complex. The singular entropy values can be used to study the indetermination of signals. The results show that the signals of NC table are not simple signal nor white noise, the entropy values in direction of driving axe are lower, the entropy values increase along with the increment of driving speed and the entropy values at the abnormal working conditions such as resonance or creeping etc decrease obviously.

Noninvasive hemoglobin measurement using dynamic spectrum

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yi, Xiaoqing; Li, Gang; Lin, Ling

2017-08-01

Spectroscopy methods for noninvasive hemoglobin (Hgb) measurement are interfered by individual difference and particular weak signal. In order to address these problems, we have put forward a series of improvement methods based on dynamic spectrum (DS), including instrument design, spectrum extraction algorithm, and modeling approach. The instrument adopts light sources composed of eight laser diodes with the wavelength range from 600 nm to 1100 nm and records photoplethysmography signals at eight wavelengths synchronously. In order to simplify the optical design, we modulate the light sources with orthogonal square waves and design the corresponding demodulation algorithm, instead of adopting a beam-splitting system. A newly designed algorithm named difference accumulation has been proved to be effective in improving the accuracy of dynamic spectrum extraction. 220 subjects are involved in the clinical experiment. An extreme learning machine calibration model between the DS data and the Hgb levels is established. Correlation coefficient and root-mean-square error of prediction sets are 0.8645 and 8.48 g/l, respectively. The results indicate that the Hgb level can be derived by this approach noninvasively with acceptable precision and accuracy. It is expected to achieve a clinic application in the future.

Importance of Vibronic Effects in the UV-Vis Spectrum of the 7,7,8,8-Tetracyanoquinodimethane Anion.

PubMed

Tapavicza, Enrico; Furche, Filipp; Sundholm, Dage

2016-10-11

We present a computational method for simulating vibronic absorption spectra in the ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) range and apply it to the 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane anion (TCNQ - ), which has been used as a ligand in black absorbers. Gaussian broadening of vertical electronic excitation energies of TCNQ - from linear-response time-dependent density functional theory produces only one band, which is qualitatively incorrect. Thus, the harmonic vibrational modes of the two lowest doublet states were computed, and the vibronic UV-vis spectrum was simulated using the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation, the frequency-shifted harmonic oscillator approximation, and the full Duschinsky formalism. An efficient real-time generating function method was implemented to avoid the exponential complexity of conventional Franck-Condon approaches to vibronic spectra. The obtained UV-vis spectra for TCNQ - agree well with experiment; the Duschinsky rotation is found to have only a minor effect on the spectrum. Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics simulations combined with calculations of the electronic excitation energies for a large number of molecular structures were also used for simulating the UV-vis spectrum. The Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics simulations yield a broadening of the energetically lowest peak in the absorption spectrum, but additional vibrational bands present in the experimental and simulated quantum harmonic oscillator spectra are not observed in the molecular dynamics simulations. Our results underline the importance of vibronic effects for the UV-vis spectrum of TCNQ - , and they establish an efficient method for obtaining vibronic spectra using a combination of linear-response time-dependent density functional theory and a real-time generating function approach.

The Impacts of Information-Sharing Mechanisms on Spatial Market Formation Based on Agent-Based Modeling

PubMed Central

Li, Qianqian; Yang, Tao; Zhao, Erbo; Xia, Xing’ang; Han, Zhangang

2013-01-01

There has been an increasing interest in the geographic aspects of economic development, exemplified by P. Krugman’s logical analysis. We show in this paper that the geographic aspects of economic development can be modeled using multi-agent systems that incorporate multiple underlying factors. The extent of information sharing is assumed to be a driving force that leads to economic geographic heterogeneity across locations without geographic advantages or disadvantages. We propose an agent-based market model that considers a spectrum of different information-sharing mechanisms: no information sharing, information sharing among friends and pheromone-like information sharing. Finally, we build a unified model that accommodates all three of these information-sharing mechanisms based on the number of friends who can share information. We find that the no information-sharing model does not yield large economic zones, and more information sharing can give rise to a power-law distribution of market size that corresponds to the stylized fact of city size and firm size distributions. The simulations show that this model is robust. This paper provides an alternative approach to studying economic geographic development, and this model could be used as a test bed to validate the detailed assumptions that regulate real economic agglomeration. PMID:23484007

Obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders

PubMed Central

Allen, Andrea; King, Audrey; Hollander, Eric

2003-01-01

The obsessive-compulsive spectrum is an important concept referring to a number of disorders drawn from several diagnostic categories that share core obsessive-compulsive features. These disorders can be grouped by the focus of their symptoms: bodily preoccupation, impulse control, or neurological disorders. Although the disorders are clearly distinct from one another, they have intriguing similarities in phenomenology, etiology, pathophysiology, patient characteristics, and treatment response. In combination with the knowledge gained through many years of research on obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), the concept of a spectrum has generated much fruitful research on the spectrum disorders. It has become apparent that these disorders can also be viewed as being on a continuum of compulsivity to impulsivity, characterized by harm avoidance at the compulsive end and risk seeking at the impulsive end. The compulsive and impulsive disorders differ in systematic ways that are just beginning to be understood. Here, we review these concepts and several representative obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders including both compulsive and impulsive disorders, as well as the three different symptom clusters: OCD, body dysmorphic disorder, pathological gambling, sexual compulsivity, and autism spectrum disorders. PMID:22033547

High dynamic spectroscopy using a digital micromirror device and periodic shadowing.

PubMed

Kristensson, Elias; Ehn, Andreas; Berrocal, Edouard

2017-01-09

We present an optical solution called DMD-PS to boost the dynamic range of 2D imaging spectroscopic measurements up to 22 bits by incorporating a digital micromirror device (DMD) prior to detection in combination with the periodic shadowing (PS) approach. In contrast to high dynamic range (HDR), where the dynamic range is increased by recording several images at different exposure times, the current approach has the potential of improving the dynamic range from a single exposure and without saturation of the CCD sensor. In the procedure, the spectrum is imaged onto the DMD that selectively reduces the reflection from the intense spectral lines, allowing the signal from the weaker lines to be increased by a factor of 2⁸ via longer exposure times, higher camera gains or increased laser power. This manipulation of the spectrum can either be based on a priori knowledge of the spectrum or by first performing a calibration measurement to sense the intensity distribution. The resulting benefits in detection sensitivity come, however, at the cost of strong generation of interfering stray light. To solve this issue the Periodic Shadowing technique, which is based on spatial light modulation, is also employed. In this proof-of-concept article we describe the full methodology of DMD-PS and demonstrate - using the calibration-based concept - an improvement in dynamic range by a factor of ~100 over conventional imaging spectroscopy. The dynamic range of the presented approach will directly benefit from future technological development of DMDs and camera sensors.

Chern-Simons Modified Gravity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Efstratiou, P.

2013-09-01

This presentation will be based on my, undergraduate, thesis at Aristotle University of Thessoliniki with the same subject, supervised by Professor Demetrios Papadopoulos. I will first present the general mathematical formulation of the Chern-Simons (CS) modified gravity, which is split in a dynamical and a non-dynamical context, and the different physical theories which suggest this modification. Then proceed by examing the possibility that the CS theory shares solutions with General Relativity in both contexts. In the non-dynamical context I will present a new, undocumented solution as well as all the other possible solutions found to date. I will conclude by arguing that General Relativity and CS Theory share any solutions in the dynamical context.

47 CFR 301.120 - Reports on Agency Transition Plans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Reports on Agency Transition Plans. 301.120 Section 301.120 Telecommunication NATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND INFORMATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE RELOCATION OF AND SPECTRUM SHARING BY FEDERAL GOVERNMENT STATIONS Technical Panel § 301...

Postural orientation and equilibrium processes associated with increased postural sway in autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

PubMed

Wang, Zheng; Hallac, Rami R; Conroy, Kaitlin C; White, Stormi P; Kane, Alex A; Collinsworth, Amy L; Sweeney, John A; Mosconi, Matthew W

2016-01-01

Increased postural sway has been repeatedly documented in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Characterizing the control processes underlying this deficit, including postural orientation and equilibrium, may provide key insights into neurophysiological mechanisms associated with ASD. Postural orientation refers to children's ability to actively align their trunk and head with respect to their base of support, while postural equilibrium is an active process whereby children coordinate ankle dorsi-/plantar-flexion and hip abduction/adduction movements to stabilize their upper body. Dynamic engagement of each of these control processes is important for maintaining postural stability, though neither postural orientation nor equilibrium has been studied in ASD. Twenty-two children with ASD and 21 age and performance IQ-matched typically developing (TD) controls completed three standing tests. During static stance, participants were instructed to stand as still as possible. During dynamic stances, participants swayed at a comfortable speed and magnitude in either anterior-posterior (AP) or mediolateral (ML) directions. The center of pressure (COP) standard deviation and trajectory length were examined to determine if children with ASD showed increased postural sway. Postural orientation was assessed using a novel virtual time-to-contact (VTC) approach that characterized spatiotemporal dimensions of children's postural sway (i.e., body alignment) relative to their postural limitation boundary, defined as the maximum extent to which each child could sway in each direction. Postural equilibrium was quantified by evaluating the amount of shared or mutual information of COP time series measured along the AP and ML directions. Consistent with prior studies, children with ASD showed increased postural sway during both static and dynamic stances relative to TD children. In regard to postural orientation processes, children with ASD demonstrated reduced spatial perception of their postural limitation boundary towards target directions and reduced time to correct this error during dynamic postural sways but not during static stance. Regarding postural equilibrium, they showed a compromised ability to decouple ankle dorsi-/plantar-flexion and hip abduction/adduction processes during dynamic stances. These results suggest that deficits in both postural orientation and equilibrium processes contribute to reduced postural stability in ASD. Specifically, increased postural sway in ASD appears to reflect patients' impaired perception of their body movement relative to their own postural limitation boundary as well as a reduced ability to decouple distinct ankle and hip movements to align their body during standing. Our findings that deficits in postural orientation and equilibrium are more pronounced during dynamic compared to static stances suggests that the increased demands of everyday activities in which children must dynamically shift their COP involve more severe postural control deficits in ASD relative to static stance conditions that often are studied. Systematic assessment of dynamic postural control processes in ASD may provide important insights into new treatment targets and neurodevelopmental mechanisms.

Topology and entanglement in quench dynamics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chang, Po-Yao

2018-06-01

We classify the topology of the quench dynamics by homotopy groups. A relation between the topological invariant of a postquench order parameter and the topological invariant of a static Hamiltonian is shown in d +1 dimensions (d =1 ,2 ,3 ). The midgap states in the entanglement spectrum of the postquench states reveal their topological nature. When a trivial quantum state is under a sudden quench to a Chern insulator, the midgap states in the entanglement spectrum form rings. These rings are analogous to the boundary Fermi rings in the Hopf insulators. Finally, we show a postquench order parameter in 3+1 dimensions can be characterized by the second Chern number. The number of Dirac cones in the entanglement spectrum is equal to the second Chern number.

Ab Initio Modeling of the Electronic Absorption Spectrum of Previtamin D in Solution

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhu, Tianyang

To study the solvent effects of water on the previtamin D absorption spectrum, we use the quantum mechanics (QM)/molecular mechanics (MM) method combined with replica-exchange molecular dynamics (REMD). The QM method is applied for the previtamin D molecule and the MM method is used for the water molecules. To enhance conformational sampling of the flexible previtamin D molecule we apply REMD. Based on the REMD structures, we calculate the macroscopic ensemble of the absorption spectrum in solution by time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). Comparison between the calculated spectrum in the gas phase and in the solution reveals minor influences of the solvent on the absorption spectrum. In the conventional molecule dynamics simulation, the previtamin D molecule can be trapped by local minimum and cannot overcome energetics barriers when it is calculated at the room temperature. In addition, the higher temperature calculation for the molecule in REMD allows to overcome energetics barriers and to change the structure to other rotational isomers, then switch to the lower temperature and gives a more complete result in the configuration space for the lower temperature.

Dynamic ride-sharing: Theory and practice

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hall, R.W.; Qureshi, A.

1997-08-01

Dynamic Ride-sharing (DR) is envisioned as an automated process by which individuals find ride-matches on a trip by trip basis. This paper examines the DR concept on both a theoretical basis and on the basis of actual implementation in Los Angeles. Specifically, the paper investigates the likelihood that the user of a DR system would be successful in finding a ride-match. In a theoretical sense, this paper shows that dynamic ride-sharing is a viable concept. For a congested freeway corridor, the number of trips generated per unit time and space should be sufficient to yield a reasonably large population ofmore » potential ride-matches for a DR system. Unfortunately, as demonstrated in the experiment, theory and practice are not the same. Even when individuals share common trip patterns, consummating a ride-match is no easy task for logistical reasons. At best, one might expect a one in five change of someone offering a ride when trip patterns are similar. This probability would decline for casual trips, and when contacting individuals who have not expressed a prior willingness to carpool.« less

Reliability of the Music in Everyday Life (MEL) Scale: A Parent-Report Assessment for Children on the Autism Spectrum.

PubMed

Gottfried, Tali; Thompson, Grace; Elefant, Cochavit; Gold, Christian

2018-06-07

For young children on the autism spectrum, the inclusion of shared parent-child music activities in everyday life may provide additional opportunities for social interactions in the home. However, no psychometrically validated assessment exists to measure the extent of shared music activity within family or community contexts. This study aimed to develop and test the reliability of a self-report assessment to measure the use of Music in Everyday Life (MEL) by parents with young children on the autism spectrum. A total of 45 mothers of children with autism aged between 4 and 7 years completed the MEL questionnaire. Internal consistency and item-total correlation were examined. Analysis confirmed the reliability of two predetermined subscales: Music in Everyday Life-Joint Activities using Music (MEL-JAM) and Music in Everyday Life-Routine Activities using Music (MEL-RAM). Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha 0.63 and 0.75) and positive item-total correlation (Pearson's r between .23 to .62 for MEL-JAM and between .30 to .67 for MEL-RAM) were demonstrated. The reliability of the MEL assessment to measure the use of music in everyday life by parents with their children with autism was confirmed, filling an important gap in the availability of assessment tools.

Comparison of the dynamics of neural interactions between current-based and conductance-based integrate-and-fire recurrent networks

PubMed Central

Cavallari, Stefano; Panzeri, Stefano; Mazzoni, Alberto

2014-01-01

Models of networks of Leaky Integrate-and-Fire (LIF) neurons are a widely used tool for theoretical investigations of brain function. These models have been used both with current- and conductance-based synapses. However, the differences in the dynamics expressed by these two approaches have been so far mainly studied at the single neuron level. To investigate how these synaptic models affect network activity, we compared the single neuron and neural population dynamics of conductance-based networks (COBNs) and current-based networks (CUBNs) of LIF neurons. These networks were endowed with sparse excitatory and inhibitory recurrent connections, and were tested in conditions including both low- and high-conductance states. We developed a novel procedure to obtain comparable networks by properly tuning the synaptic parameters not shared by the models. The so defined comparable networks displayed an excellent and robust match of first order statistics (average single neuron firing rates and average frequency spectrum of network activity). However, these comparable networks showed profound differences in the second order statistics of neural population interactions and in the modulation of these properties by external inputs. The correlation between inhibitory and excitatory synaptic currents and the cross-neuron correlation between synaptic inputs, membrane potentials and spike trains were stronger and more stimulus-modulated in the COBN. Because of these properties, the spike train correlation carried more information about the strength of the input in the COBN, although the firing rates were equally informative in both network models. Moreover, the network activity of COBN showed stronger synchronization in the gamma band, and spectral information about the input higher and spread over a broader range of frequencies. These results suggest that the second order statistics of network dynamics depend strongly on the choice of synaptic model. PMID:24634645

Comparison of the dynamics of neural interactions between current-based and conductance-based integrate-and-fire recurrent networks.

PubMed

Cavallari, Stefano; Panzeri, Stefano; Mazzoni, Alberto

2014-01-01

Models of networks of Leaky Integrate-and-Fire (LIF) neurons are a widely used tool for theoretical investigations of brain function. These models have been used both with current- and conductance-based synapses. However, the differences in the dynamics expressed by these two approaches have been so far mainly studied at the single neuron level. To investigate how these synaptic models affect network activity, we compared the single neuron and neural population dynamics of conductance-based networks (COBNs) and current-based networks (CUBNs) of LIF neurons. These networks were endowed with sparse excitatory and inhibitory recurrent connections, and were tested in conditions including both low- and high-conductance states. We developed a novel procedure to obtain comparable networks by properly tuning the synaptic parameters not shared by the models. The so defined comparable networks displayed an excellent and robust match of first order statistics (average single neuron firing rates and average frequency spectrum of network activity). However, these comparable networks showed profound differences in the second order statistics of neural population interactions and in the modulation of these properties by external inputs. The correlation between inhibitory and excitatory synaptic currents and the cross-neuron correlation between synaptic inputs, membrane potentials and spike trains were stronger and more stimulus-modulated in the COBN. Because of these properties, the spike train correlation carried more information about the strength of the input in the COBN, although the firing rates were equally informative in both network models. Moreover, the network activity of COBN showed stronger synchronization in the gamma band, and spectral information about the input higher and spread over a broader range of frequencies. These results suggest that the second order statistics of network dynamics depend strongly on the choice of synaptic model.

Highly designable phenotypes and mutational buffers emerge from a systematic mapping between network topology and dynamic output.

PubMed

Nochomovitz, Yigal D; Li, Hao

2006-03-14

Deciphering the design principles for regulatory networks is fundamental to an understanding of biological systems. We have explored the mapping from the space of network topologies to the space of dynamical phenotypes for small networks. Using exhaustive enumeration of a simple model of three- and four-node networks, we demonstrate that certain dynamical phenotypes can be generated by an atypically broad spectrum of network topologies. Such dynamical outputs are highly designable, much like certain protein structures can be designed by an unusually broad spectrum of sequences. The network topologies that encode a highly designable dynamical phenotype possess two classes of connections: a fully conserved core of dedicated connections that encodes the stable dynamical phenotype and a partially conserved set of variable connections that controls the transient dynamical flow. By comparing the topologies and dynamics of the three- and four-node network ensembles, we observe a large number of instances of the phenomenon of "mutational buffering," whereby addition of a fourth node suppresses phenotypic variation amongst a set of three-node networks.

A new strategy for efficient solar energy conversion: Parallel-processing with surface plasmons

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Anderson, L. M.

1982-01-01

This paper introduces an advanced concept for direct conversion of sunlight to electricity, which aims at high efficiency by tailoring the conversion process to separate energy bands within the broad solar spectrum. The objective is to obtain a high level of spectrum-splitting without sequential losses or unique materials for each frequency band. In this concept, sunlight excites a spectrum of surface plasma waves which are processed in parallel on the same metal film. The surface plasmons transport energy to an array of metal-barrier-semiconductor diodes, where energy is extracted by inelastic tunneling. Diodes are tuned to different frequency bands by selecting the operating voltage and geometry, but all diodes share the same materials.

View-sharing PROPELLER with pixel-based optimal blade selection: application on dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging.

PubMed

Chuang, Tzu-Chao; Huang, Hsuan-Hung; Chang, Hing-Chiu; Wu, Ming-Ting

2014-06-01

To achieve better spatial and temporal resolution of dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging, the concept of k-space data sharing, or view sharing, can be implemented for PROPELLER acquisition. As found in other view-sharing methods, the loss of high-resolution dynamics is possible for view-sharing PROPELLER (VS-Prop) due to the temporal smoothing effect. The degradation can be more severe when a narrow blade with less phase encoding steps is chosen in the acquisition for higher frame rate. In this study, an iterative algorithm termed pixel-based optimal blade selection (POBS) is proposed to allow spatially dependent selection of the rotating blades, to generate high-resolution dynamic images with minimal reconstruction artifacts. In the reconstruction of VS-Prop, the central k-space which dominates the image contrast is only provided by the target blade with the peripheral k-space contributed by a minimal number of consecutive rotating blades. To reduce the reconstruction artifacts, the set of neighboring blades exhibiting the closest image contrast with the target blade is picked by POBS algorithm. Numerical simulations and phantom experiments were conducted in this study to investigate the dynamic response and spatial profiles of images generated using our proposed method. In addition, dynamic contrast-enhanced cardiovascular imaging of healthy subjects was performed to demonstrate the feasibility and advantages. The simulation results show that POBS VS-Prop can provide timely dynamic response to rapid signal change, especially for a small region of interest or with the use of narrow blades. The POBS algorithm also demonstrates its capability to capture nonsimultaneous signal changes over the entire FOV. In addition, both phantom and in vivo experiments show that the temporal smoothing effect can be avoided by means of POBS, leading to higher wash-in slope of contrast enhancement after the bolus injection. With the satisfactory reconstruction quality provided by the POBS algorithm, VS-Prop acquisition technique may find useful clinical applications in DCE MR imaging studies where both spatial and temporal resolutions play important roles.

Receiver Statistics for Cognitive Radios in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-02-28

SNR) are employed by many protocols and processes in direct-sequence ( DS ) spread-spectrum packet radio networks, including soft-decision decoding...adaptive modulation protocols, and power adjustment protocols. For DS spread spectrum, we have introduced and evaluated SNR estimators that employ...obtained during demodulation in a binary CDMA receiver. We investigated several methods to apply the proposed metric to the demodulator’s soft-decision

Accuracy of dynamical-decoupling-based spectroscopy of Gaussian noise

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Szańkowski, Piotr; Cywiński, Łukasz

2018-03-01

The fundamental assumption of dynamical-decoupling-based noise spectroscopy is that the coherence decay rate of qubit (or qubits) driven with a sequence of many pulses, is well approximated by the environmental noise spectrum spanned on frequency comb defined by the sequence. Here we investigate the precise conditions under which this commonly used spectroscopic approach is quantitatively correct. To this end we focus on two representative examples of spectral densities: the long-tailed Lorentzian, and finite-ranged Gaussian—both expected to be encountered when using the qubit for nanoscale nuclear resonance imaging. We have found that, in contrast to Lorentz spectrum, for which the corrections to the standard spectroscopic formulas can easily be made negligible, the spectra with finite range are more challenging to reconstruct accurately. For Gaussian line shape of environmental spectral density, direct application of the standard dynamical-decoupling-based spectroscopy leads to erroneous attribution of long-tail behavior to the reconstructed spectrum. Fortunately, artifacts such as this, can be completely avoided with the simple extension to standard reconstruction method.

Solvation and thermal effects on the optical properties of naturaldyes: a case study on the flavylium cyanin

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Calzolari, Arrigo; Malcioglu, Baris; Gebauer, Ralph; Varsano, Daniele; Baroni, Stefano

2011-03-01

We present a first-principles study of the effects of both hydration and thermal dynamics on the optical properties of a natural anthocyanin dye, namely, cyanin (Cya), in aqueous solution. We combine Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) approaches to simulate the time evolution of UV-vis spectrum of the hydrated Cya molecule at room temperature [2,3]. The spectrum of the dye calculated in the gas phase is characterized by two peaks in the red and in the blue, which would bring about a greenish hue incompatible with the dark purple coloration observed in nature. Describing the effect of the water solvent through a polarizable continuum model does not modify qualitatively the resulting picture. An explicit simulation of both solvent and thermal effects using ab-initio molecular dynamics results instead in a spectrum that is compatible with the observed coloration. This result is analyzed in terms of the spectroscopic effects of molecular distortions, induced by thermal fluctuations.

Cooperation based dynamic team formation in multi-agent auctions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pippin, Charles E.; Christensen, Henrik

2012-06-01

Auction based methods are often used to perform distributed task allocation on multi-agent teams. Many existing approaches to auctions assume fully cooperative team members. On in-situ and dynamically formed teams, reciprocal collaboration may not always be a valid assumption. This paper presents an approach for dynamically selecting auction partners based on observed team member performance and shared reputation. In addition, we present the use of a shared reputation authority mechanism. Finally, experiments are performed in simulation on multiple UAV platforms to highlight situations in which it is better to enforce cooperation in auctions using this approach.

An initial approach towards quality of service based Spectrum Trading

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bastidas, Carlos E. Caicedo; Vanhoy, Garret; Volos, Haris I.; Bose, Tamal

Spectrum scarcity has become an important issue as demands for higher data rates increase in diverse wireless applications and aerospace communication scenarios. To address this problem, it becomes necessary to manage radio spectrum assignment in a way that optimizes the distribution of spectrum resources among several users while taking into account the quality of service (QoS) characteristics desired by the users of spectrum. In this paper, a novel approach to managing spectrum assignment based on Spectrum Trading (ST) will be presented. Market based spectrum assignment mechanisms such as spectrum trading are of growing interest to many spectrum management agencies that are planning to increase the use of these mechanisms for spectrum management and reduce their emphasis on command and control methods. This paper presents some of our initial work into incorporating quality of service information into the mechanisms that determine how spectrum should be traded when using a spectrum exchange. Through simulations and a testbed implementation of a QoS aware spectrum exchange our results show the viability of using QoS based mechanisms in spectrum trading and in the enhancement of dynamic spectrum assignment systems.

Shared heritability of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder.

PubMed

Rommelse, Nanda N J; Franke, Barbara; Geurts, Hilde M; Hartman, Catharina A; Buitelaar, Jan K

2010-03-01

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are both highly heritable neurodevelopmental disorders. Evidence indicates both disorders co-occur with a high frequency, in 20-50% of children with ADHD meeting criteria for ASD and in 30-80% of ASD children meeting criteria for ADHD. This review will provide an overview on all available studies [family based, twin, candidate gene, linkage, and genome wide association (GWA) studies] shedding light on the role of shared genetic underpinnings of ADHD and ASD. It is concluded that family and twin studies do provide support for the hypothesis that ADHD and ASD originate from partly similar familial/genetic factors. Only a few candidate gene studies, linkage studies and GWA studies have specifically addressed this co-occurrence, pinpointing to some promising pleiotropic genes, loci and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), but the research field is in urgent need for better designed and powered studies to tackle this complex issue. We propose that future studies examining shared familial etiological factors for ADHD and ASD use a family-based design in which the same phenotypic (ADHD and ASD), candidate endophenotypic, and environmental measurements are obtained from all family members. Multivariate multi-level models are probably best suited for the statistical analysis.

Electrical excitability: a spectrum of properties in the progeny of a single embryonic neuroblast.

PubMed Central

Goodman, C S; Pearson, K G; Spitzer, N C

1980-01-01

We have examined the range of some properties of the progeny of a single embryonic precursor cell in the grasshopper. The approximately 100 progeny of this single neuroblast share certain features such as their transmitter and some aspects of their morphology; at the same time, however, they demonstrate a broad spectrum of electrical properties, from spiking to non-spiking neurons. The first-born progeny are spiking neurons with peripheral axons. Many of the progeny, including all of the last-born, do not generate action potentials. The nonspiking progeny are local intraganglionic neurons and appear to compose a major proportion of the progeny of this neuroblast. All of the nonspiking neurons have calcium inward current channels and can make action potentials when outward current channels are blocked. We propose a model for grasshopper neurogenesis based on cell lineage such that (i) certain features (e.g., transmitter) are shared by the progeny of all cell divisions from a single neuroblast, and (ii) other features (e.g., electrical properties) are shared by the progeny of a given birth position (e.g., first versus last born) from all of the neuroblasts. According to this model, the first-born progeny from all neuroblasts are spiking neurons, whereas the last-born are nonspiking. Images PMID:6246499

Spatio-temporal source cluster analysis reveals fronto-temporal auditory change processing differences within a shared autistic and schizotypal trait phenotype.

PubMed

Ford, Talitha C; Woods, Will; Crewther, David P

2017-01-01

Social Disorganisation (SD) is a shared autistic and schizotypal phenotype that is present in the subclinical population. Auditory processing deficits, particularly in mismatch negativity/field (MMN/F) have been reported across both spectrum disorders. This study investigates differences in MMN/F cortical spatio-temporal source activity between higher and lower quintiles of the SD spectrum. Sixteen low (9 female) and 19 high (9 female) SD subclinical adults (18-40years) underwent magnetoencephalography (MEG) during an MMF paradigm where standard tones (50ms) were interrupted by infrequent duration deviants (100ms). Spatio-temporal source cluster analysis with permutation testing revealed no difference between the groups in source activation to the standard tone. To the deviant tone however, there was significantly reduced right hemisphere fronto-temporal and insular cortex activation for the high SD group ( p = 0.038). The MMF, as a product of the cortical response to the deviant minus that to the standard, did not differ significantly between the high and low Social Disorganisation groups. These data demonstrate a deficit in right fronto-temporal processing of an auditory change for those with more of the shared SD phenotype, indicating that right fronto-temporal auditory processing may be associated with psychosocial functioning.

Construction of Shared Knowledge in Face-to-Face and Computer-Mediated Cooperation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fischer, Frank; Mandl, Heinz

This study examined how learners constructed and used shared knowledge in computer-mediated and face-to-face cooperative learning, investigating how to facilitate the construction and use of shared knowledge through dynamic visualization. Forty-eight college students were separated into dyads and assigned to one of four experimental conditions…

Molecular dynamics simulations of a K+ channel blocker: Tc1 toxin from Tityus cambridgei.

PubMed

Grottesi, Alessandro; Sansom, Mark S P

2003-01-30

Toxins that block voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels provide a possible template for improved homology models of the Kv pore. In assessing the interactions of Kv channels and their toxins it is important to determine the dynamic flexibility of the toxins. Multiple 10 ns duration molecular dynamics simulations combined with essential dynamics analysis have been used to explore the flexibility of four different Kv channel-blocking toxins. Three toxins (Tc1, AgTx and ChTx) share a common fold. They also share a common pattern of conformational dynamics, as revealed by essential dynamics analysis of the simulation results. This suggests that some aspects of dynamic behaviour are conserved across a single protein fold class. In each of these three toxins, the residue exhibiting minimum flexibility corresponds to a conserved lysine residue that is suggested to interact with the filter domain of the channel. Thus, comparative simulations reveal functionally important conservation of molecular dynamics as well as protein fold across a family of related toxins.

Spindle

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

2013-04-04

Spindle is software infrastructure that solves file system scalabiltiy problems associated with starting dynamically linked applications in HPC environments. When an HPC applications starts up thousands of pricesses at once, and those processes simultaneously access a shared file system to look for shared libraries, it can cause significant performance problems for both the application and other users. Spindle scalably coordinates the distribution of shared libraries to an application to avoid hammering the shared file system.

Description of dynamic shared knowledge: an exploratory study during a competitive team sports interaction.

PubMed

Bourbousson, J; Poizat, G; Saury, J; Seve, C

2011-02-01

This exploratory case study describes the sharedness of knowledge within a basketball team (nine players) and how it changes during an official match. To determine how knowledge is mobilised in an actual game situation, the data were collected and processed following course-of-action theory (Theureau 2003). The results were used to characterise the contents of the shared knowledge (i.e. regarding teammate characteristics, team functioning, opponent characteristics, opposing team functioning and game conditions) and to identify the characteristic types of change: (a) the reinforcement of a previous element of shared knowledge; (b) the invalidation of an element of shared knowledge; (c) fragmentation of an element of shared knowledge; (d) the creation of a new element of shared knowledge. The discussion deals with the diverse types of change in shared knowledge and the heterogeneous and dynamic nature of common ground within the team. STATEMENT OF RELEVANCE: The present case study focused on how the cognitions of individual members of a team coordinate to produce a team performance (e.g. surgical teams in hospitals, military teams) and how the shared knowledge changes during team activity. Traditional methods to increase knowledge sharedness can be enhanced by making use of 'opportunities for coordination' to optimise team adaptiveness.

Reconciling farming and wild nature: Integrating human-wildlife coexistence into the land-sharing and land-sparing framework.

PubMed

Crespin, Silvio J; Simonetti, Javier A

2018-05-11

Land has traditionally been spared to protect biodiversity; however, this approach has not succeeded by itself and requires a complementary strategy in human-dominated landscapes: land-sharing. Human-wildlife conflicts are rampant in a land-sharing context where wildlife co-occur with crops or livestock, but whose resulting interactions adversely affect the wellbeing of land owners, ultimately impeding coexistence. Therefore, true land-sharing only works if coexistence is also considered an end goal. We reviewed the literature on land-sharing and found that conflicts have not yet found their way into the land-sharing/sparing framework, with wildlife and humans co-occurring without coexisting in a dynamic process. To successfully implement a land-sharing approach, we must first acknowledge our failure to integrate the body of work on human-wildlife conflicts into the framework and work to implement multidisciplinary approaches from the ecological, economic, and sociological sciences to overcome and prevent conflicts. We suggest the use of Conflict Transformation by means of the Levels of Conflict Model to perceive both visible and deep-rooted causes of conflicts as opportunities to create problem-solving dynamics in affected socio-ecological landscapes. Reconciling farming and nature is possible by aiming for a transition to landscapes that truly share space by virtue of coexistence.

Administrative IT

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Grayson, Katherine, Ed.

2006-01-01

When it comes to Administrative IT solutions and processes, best practices range across the spectrum. Enterprise resource planning (ERP), student information systems (SIS), and tech support are prominent and continuing areas of focus. But widespread change can also be accomplished via the implementation of campuswide document imaging and sharing,…

Probing the non-equilibrium force fluctuation spectrum of actomyosin cortices in vivo

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tan, Tzer Han; Swartz, Zachary; Keren, Kinneret; Fakhri, Nikta

Mechanics of the cortex govern the shape of animal cells, and its dynamics underlie cell migration, cytokinesis and embryogenesis. The molecular players involved are largely known, yet it is unclear how their collective dynamics give rise to large scale behavior. This is mostly due to the lack of experimental tools to probe the spatially varying active mechanical properties of the cortex. Here, we introduce a novel technique based on fluorescent single walled carbon nanotubes to generate non-equilibrium force fluctuation spectrum of actomysion cortices in starfish oocytes. The quantitative measurements combined with a theoretical model reveal the role of stress organization in active mechanics and dynamics of the cortex.

Quasiclassical Theory of Spin Dynamics in Superfluid ^3He: Kinetic Equations in the Bulk and Spin Response of Surface Majorana States

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Silaev, M. A.

2018-06-01

We develop a theory based on the formalism of quasiclassical Green's functions to study the spin dynamics in superfluid ^3He. First, we derive kinetic equations for the spin-dependent distribution function in the bulk superfluid reproducing the results obtained earlier without quasiclassical approximation. Then, we consider spin dynamics near the surface of fully gapped ^3He-B-phase taking into account spin relaxation due to the transitions in the spectrum of localized fermionic states. The lifetimes of longitudinal and transverse spin waves are calculated taking into account the Fermi-liquid corrections which lead to a crucial modification of fermionic spectrum and spin responses.

Shared and unique responses of plants to multiple individual stresses and stress combinations: physiological and molecular mechanisms

PubMed Central

Pandey, Prachi; Ramegowda, Venkategowda; Senthil-Kumar, Muthappa

2015-01-01

In field conditions, plants are often simultaneously exposed to multiple biotic and abiotic stresses resulting in substantial yield loss. Plants have evolved various physiological and molecular adaptations to protect themselves under stress combinations. Emerging evidences suggest that plant responses to a combination of stresses are unique from individual stress responses. In addition, plants exhibit shared responses which are common to individual stresses and stress combination. In this review, we provide an update on the current understanding of both unique and shared responses. Specific focus of this review is on heat–drought stress as a major abiotic stress combination and, drought–pathogen and heat–pathogen as examples of abiotic–biotic stress combinations. We also comprehend the current understanding of molecular mechanisms of cross talk in relation to shared and unique molecular responses for plant survival under stress combinations. Thus, the knowledge of shared responses of plants from individual stress studies and stress combinations can be utilized to develop varieties with broad spectrum stress tolerance. PMID:26442037

System design of the Pioneer Venus spacecraft. Volume 12: International cooperation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kelly, R. S.

1973-01-01

A spectrum of plans has been prepared to illustrate the range of practical sharing possibilities available so as to assist Ames Research Center (ARC) and European Space Research Organization (ESRO) in selection of a program meeting mutual goals. Five plans are described showing increased participation by ESRO WITH ascending plan number. Each of these has sharing properties fulfilling particular requirements such as available ESRO budget level, extent of ESRO program responsibility, matching particular ESRO capability, and cost saving to ARC through sharing. All plans apply to orbiter sharing only. A sharing plan based on the model Plan 4 may offer the most attractive division of Pioneer Venus between ARC and ESRO. This plan allows ESRO to bear primary responsibility for the orbiter and to avoid an extensive financial burden. Savings to ARC are commensurate with ARC loss of program control. Duplication of effort is avoided by using orbiter subsystems that are common to the probe bus and orbiter.

Big data from small data: data-sharing in the ‘long tail’ of neuroscience

PubMed Central

Ferguson, Adam R; Nielson, Jessica L; Cragin, Melissa H; Bandrowski, Anita E; Martone, Maryann E

2016-01-01

The launch of the US BRAIN and European Human Brain Projects coincides with growing international efforts toward transparency and increased access to publicly funded research in the neurosciences. The need for data-sharing standards and neuroinformatics infrastructure is more pressing than ever. However, ‘big science’ efforts are not the only drivers of data-sharing needs, as neuroscientists across the full spectrum of research grapple with the overwhelming volume of data being generated daily and a scientific environment that is increasingly focused on collaboration. In this commentary, we consider the issue of sharing of the richly diverse and heterogeneous small data sets produced by individual neuroscientists, so-called long-tail data. We consider the utility of these data, the diversity of repositories and options available for sharing such data, and emerging best practices. We provide use cases in which aggregating and mining diverse long-tail data convert numerous small data sources into big data for improved knowledge about neuroscience-related disorders. PMID:25349910

Deconstructing Interaction Dynamics in Knowledge Sharing Communities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aji, Ablimit; Agichtein, Eugene

Online knowledge sharing sites have recently exploded in popularity, and have began to play an important role in online information seeking. Unfortunately, many factors that influence the effectiveness of the information exchange in these communities are not well understood. This paper is an attempt to fill this gap by exploring the dynamics of information sharing in such sites - that is, identifying the factors that can explain how people respond to information requests. As a case study, we use Yahoo! Answers, one of the leading knowledge sharing portals on the web with millions of active participants. We follow the progress of thousands of questions, from posting until resolution. We examine contextual factors such as the topical area of the questions, as well as intrinsic factors of question wording, subjectivity, sentiment, and other characteristics that could influence how a community responds to an information request. Our findings could be useful for improving existing collaborative question answering systems, and for designing the next generation of knowledge sharing communities.

Characterizing the cavitation development and acoustic spectrum in various liquids.

PubMed

Tzanakis, I; Lebon, G S B; Eskin, D G; Pericleous, K A

2017-01-01

A bespoke cavitometer that measures acoustic spectrum and is capable of operating in a range of temperatures (up to 750°C) was used to study the cavitation behaviour in three transparent liquids and in molten aluminium. To relate these acoustic measurements to cavitation development, the dynamics of the cavitation bubble structures was observed in three Newtonian, optically transparent liquids with significantly different physical properties: water, ethanol, and glycerine. Each liquid was treated at 20kHz with a piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer coupled to a titanium sonotrode with a tip diameter of 40mm. Two different transducer power levels were deployed: 50% and 100%, with the maximum power corresponding to a peak-to-peak amplitude of 17μm. The cavitation structures and the flow patterns were filmed with a digital camera. To investigate the effect of distance from the ultrasound source on the cavitation intensity, acoustic emissions were measured with the cavitometer at two points: below the sonotrode and near the edge of the experimental vessel. The behaviour of the three tested liquids was very different, implying that their physical parameters played a decisive role in the establishment of the cavitation regime. Non dimensional analysis revealed that water shares the closest cavitation behaviour with liquid aluminium and can therefore be used as its physical analogue in cavitation studies; this similarity was also confirmed when comparing the measured acoustic spectra of water and liquid aluminium. Crown Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Dynamical analogy between economical crisis and earthquake dynamics within the nonextensive statistical mechanics framework

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Potirakis, Stelios M.; Zitis, Pavlos I.; Eftaxias, Konstantinos

2013-07-01

The field of study of complex systems considers that the dynamics of complex systems are founded on universal principles that may be used to describe a great variety of scientific and technological approaches of different types of natural, artificial, and social systems. Several authors have suggested that earthquake dynamics and the dynamics of economic (financial) systems can be analyzed within similar mathematical frameworks. We apply concepts of the nonextensive statistical physics, on time-series data of observable manifestations of the underlying complex processes ending up with these different extreme events, in order to support the suggestion that a dynamical analogy exists between a financial crisis (in the form of share or index price collapse) and a single earthquake. We also investigate the existence of such an analogy by means of scale-free statistics (the Gutenberg-Richter distribution of event sizes). We show that the populations of: (i) fracto-electromagnetic events rooted in the activation of a single fault, emerging prior to a significant earthquake, (ii) the trade volume events of different shares/economic indices, prior to a collapse, and (iii) the price fluctuation (considered as the difference of maximum minus minimum price within a day) events of different shares/economic indices, prior to a collapse, follow both the traditional Gutenberg-Richter law as well as a nonextensive model for earthquake dynamics, with similar parameter values. The obtained results imply the existence of a dynamic analogy between earthquakes and economic crises, which moreover follow the dynamics of seizures, magnetic storms and solar flares.

THE AESTHETICS AND DYNAMICS OF LAVA: An interdisciplinary course in which the volcano is brought to the students.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wysocki, R.; Karson, J. A.

2017-12-01

The power, fury, and nearly indescribably beauty of flowing lava has permeated the entirety of human existence. Being in the presence of flowing lava redefines the educational experience magnitudes beyond that of the classroom, online and/or an analog experiment. For the last 8 years the Syracuse University Lava Project (SULP) has presented this unique immersive experience nearly weekly year-round. It is through this intensely direct education experience that Pre-K to Post Doc students are exposed to a fundamental geomorphic mechanism: flowing lava. The SULP facility is located in the Syracuse Sculpture Studio and 1.1 Ga basalt is turned into 1200°C molten lava flowing from a reconfigured bronze furnace. Originally conceived as a means to find art material via scientific experiment the project has evolved into a truly one-of-a-kind interdisciplinary course "The Aesthetics and Dynamics of Lava," a course populated by students from across the academic spectrum. Students in this cross-listed course design their own investigations with lava- art or science or some combination - in the context of our background presentations as a launching point. Key benefits include interacting with faculty from very different backgrounds and with very different scholarly/funding systems and students with different outlooks, to engage in multiple modes of learning. Students use scientific tools and processes (FLIR camera, microprobe, thin sections, etc.) as well as those from art and design to produce reports in a variety of formats: traditional written reports, video projects, computer modeling, online presentations, sculpture, photography, etc. Our collaboration has truly blurred the lines between science and art, creating a learning environment in which students from across all academic disciplines work together to share their diverse impressions of lava flow events through shared projects, broadening their perspectives and enabling them to see one another's worlds from new points of view - a major tenant of a liberal arts education.

Real-time dynamic pricing for bicycle sharing programs.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-10-01

This paper presents a new conceptual approach to improve the operational performance of public bike sharing systems : using pricing schemes. Its methodological developments are accompanied by experimental analyses with bike demand : data from Capital...

Ab Initio Theory of Dynamical Core-Hole Screening in Graphite from X-Ray Absorption Spectra

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wessely, O.; Katsnelson, M. I.; Eriksson, O.

2005-04-01

We have implemented the effect of dynamical core-hole screening, as given by Mahan, Nozières, and De Dominicis, in a first-principles based method and applied the theory to the x-ray absorption (XA) spectrum of graphite. It turns out that two of the conspicuous peaks of graphite are well described, both regarding the position, shape, and relative intensity, whereas one peak is absent in the theory. Only by incorporation of both excitonic and delocalized processes can a full account of the experimental spectrum be obtained theoretically, and we interpret the XA spectrum in graphite to be the result of a well screened and a poor screened process, much in the same way as is done for core level x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

Strain measurement using a Brillouin optical time domain reflectometer for development of aircraft structure health monitoring system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shimizu, Takayuki; Yari, Takashi; Nagai, Kanehiro; Takeda, Nobuo

2001-07-01

We conducted theoretical and experimental approaches for applying Brillouin optical time domain reflectometer (BOTDR) to aircraft and spacecraft structure health monitoring system. Firstly, distributed strain was measured by BOTDR under 3-point bending test and a spatial resolution was enhanced up to 0.5m using Brillouin spectrum analysis and processing though the device used in this experiment had a spatial resolution of 2m normally. Secondly, dynamic strain measurement was executed under cyclic loading conditions. Brillouin spectrum measured under dynamic conditions is equivalent to superposed spectrum using many spectra measured under static loading conditions. As the measured spectrum was decomposed into many spectra in static loading state, the strain amplitude and its ratio could be estimated. Thirdly, strain and temperature could be measured independently using combined system of BOTDR and fiber Bragg grating (FBG) with wavelength division multiplexing (WDM). Additionally, the application of BOTDR sensing system was shown for a prototype carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) liquid hydrogen (LH2) tank under cryogenic condition.

The Effects of a Dynamic Spectrum Access Overlay in LTE-Advanced Networks

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Juan D. Deaton; Ryan E. Irwin; Luiz A. DaSilva

As early as 2014, mobile network operators’ spectral capacity will be overwhelmed by the demand brought on by new devices and applications. To augment capacity and meet this demand, operators may choose to deploy a Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) overlay. The signaling and functionality required by such an overlay have not yet been fully considered in the architecture of the planned Long Term Evolution Advanced (LTE+) networks. This paper presents a Spectrum Accountability framework to be integrated into LTE+ architectures, defining specific element functionality, protocol interfaces, and signaling flow diagrams required to enforce the rights and responsibilities of primary andmore » secondary users. We also quantify, through integer programs, the benefits of using DSA channels to augment capacity under a scenario in which LTE+ network can opportunistically use TV and GSM spectrum. The framework proposed here may serve as a guide in the development of future LTE+ network standards that account for DSA.« less

An Effective Method for Substance Detection Using the Broad Spectrum THz Signal: A “Terahertz Nose”

PubMed Central

Trofimov, Vyacheslav A.; Varentsova, Svetlana A.

2015-01-01

We propose an effective method for the detection and identification of dangerous substances by using the broadband THz pulse. This pulse excites, for example, many vibrational or rotational energy levels of molecules simultaneously. By analyzing the time-dependent spectrum of the THz pulse transmitted through or reflected from a substance, we follow the average response spectrum dynamics. Comparing the absorption and emission spectrum dynamics of a substance under analysis with the corresponding data for a standard substance, one can detect and identify the substance under real conditions taking into account the influence of packing material, water vapor and substance surface. For quality assessment of the standard substance detection in the signal under analysis, we propose time-dependent integral correlation criteria. Restrictions of usually used detection and identification methods, based on a comparison between the absorption frequencies of a substance under analysis and a standard substance, are demonstrated using a physical experiment with paper napkins. PMID:26020281

Hot Topic: Empowering Parents with Data

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Data for Action, 2011

2011-01-01

Nearly every high-priority item in national, federal, state, and local discussions about education--and policy proposals across the political spectrum--requires high-quality longitudinal data to inform its design, implementation, and evaluation. This factsheet shares Data Quality Campaign's (DQC's) analysis of what "Data for Action 2011: DQC's…

76 FR 32993 - Toward Innovative Spectrum-Sharing Technologies: A Technical Workshop on Coordinating Federal...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-07

... Government's role in sponsoring important basic and applied research and development. The workshop will also... Office (NCO) for Networking and Information Technology Research and Development (NITRD). ACTION: Notice..., 2011. SUMMARY: Representatives from Federal research agencies, private industry, and academia will...

47 CFR 301.210 - Establishment and operation of a Dispute Resolution Board.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 5 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Establishment and operation of a Dispute Resolution Board. 301.210 Section 301.210 Telecommunication NATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND INFORMATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE RELOCATION OF AND SPECTRUM SHARING BY FEDERAL GOVERNMENT STATIONS Dispute...

47 CFR 301.210 - Establishment and operation of a Dispute Resolution Board.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Establishment and operation of a Dispute Resolution Board. 301.210 Section 301.210 Telecommunication NATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND INFORMATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE RELOCATION OF AND SPECTRUM SHARING BY FEDERAL GOVERNMENT STATIONS Dispute...

The Full Spectrum of Community Support

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pawlowski, Brett; Meeder, Hans K.

2012-01-01

Career and technical education (CTE) programs generally attract a deeper level of involvement with the business community, given their shared interest in workforce preparedness. There are significant opportunities to increase the depth and scope of business and community engagement, which can lead to more resources, better operations and improved…

47 CFR 101.521 - Spectrum utilization.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... applicants for DEMS frequencies in the 10.6 GHz band must submit as part of the original application a... contain detailed descriptions of the modulation method, the channel time sharing method, any error detecting and/or correcting codes, any spatial frequency reuse system and the total data throughput capacity...

Highly excited and exotic meson spectrum from dynamical lattice QCD.

PubMed

Dudek, Jozef J; Edwards, Robert G; Peardon, Michael J; Richards, David G; Thomas, Christopher E

2009-12-31

Using a new quark-field construction algorithm and a large variational basis of operators, we extract a highly excited isovector meson spectrum on dynamical anisotropic lattices. We show how carefully constructed operators can be used to reliably identify the continuum spin of extracted states, overcoming the reduced cubic symmetry of the lattice. Using this method we extract, with confidence, excited states, states with exotic quantum numbers (0+-, 1-+, and 2+-), and states of high spin, including, for the first time in lattice QCD, spin-four states.

Dynamic Laser-Light Scattering Study on Bacterial Growth

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Miike, Hidetoshi; Hideshima, Masao; Hashimoto, Hajime; Ebina, Yoshio

1984-08-01

The motility changes in growing bacteria in a culture medium were observed with a dynamic light-scattering technique used to analyse the frequency spectrum of the scattered light intensity. Two typical enterobacteriaceae, E. coil and P. morganii, were examined, and the change in the velocity distribution of the bacteria with time was analysed using the observed spectrum. The distribution pattern was found to change from a Gaussian-type to a Saclay-type with time, and the mean speed of the bacteria had a maximum value at around the turning point of the growth curve.

Re-Inventing Shared Governance: Implications for Organisational Culture and Institutional Leadership

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stensaker, Bjorn; Vabo, Agnete

2013-01-01

Shared governance has been a key historical characteristic of higher education although this form of governance has come under increased pressure in recent decades. It is often argued that shared governance is less relevant for tackling the challenges related to a more dynamic environment of the sector. This paper discusses underlying premises for…

Rating parent-child interactions: joint engagement, communication dynamics, and shared topics in autism, Down syndrome, and typical development.

PubMed

Adamson, Lauren B; Bakeman, Roger; Deckner, Deborah F; Nelson, P Brooke

2012-12-01

A battery of 17 rating items were applied to video records of typically-developing toddlers and young children with autism and Down syndrome interacting with their parents during the Communication Play Protocol. This battery provided a reliable and broad view of the joint engagement triad of child, partner, and shared topic. Ratings of the child's joint engagement correlated very strongly with state coding of joint engagement and replicated the finding that coordinated joint engagement was less likely in children with autism. Ratings of other child actions, of parent contributions, and of shared topics and communicative dynamics also documented pervasive variations related to diagnosis, language facility, and communicative context.

Chaotic Dynamics and Application of LCR Oscillators Sharing Common Nonlinearity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jeevarekha, A.; Paul Asir, M.; Philominathan, P.

2016-06-01

This paper addresses the problem of sharing common nonlinearity among nonautonomous and autonomous oscillators. By choosing a suitable common nonlinear element with the driving point characteristics capable of bringing out chaotic motion in a combined system, we obtain identical chaotic states. The dynamics of the coupled system is explored through numerical and experimental studies. Employing the concept of common nonlinearity, a simple chaotic communication system is modeled and its performance is verified through Multisim simulation.

Load-sharing through elastic micro-motion accelerates bone formation and interbody fusion.

PubMed

Ledet, Eric H; Sanders, Glenn P; DiRisio, Darryl J; Glennon, Joseph C

2018-02-13

Achieving a successful spinal fusion requires the proper biological and biomechanical environment. Optimizing load-sharing in the interbody space can enhance bone formation. For anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF), loading and motion are largely dictated by the stiffness of the plate, which can facilitate a balance between stability and load-sharing. The advantages of load-sharing may be substantial for patients with comorbidities and in multilevel procedures where pseudarthrosis rates are significant. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a novel elastically deformable, continuously load-sharing anterior cervical spinal plate for promotion of bone formation and interbody fusion relative to a translationally dynamic plate. An in vivo animal model was used to evaluate the effects of an elastically deformable spinal plate on bone formation and spine fusion. Fourteen goats underwent an ACDF and received either a translationally dynamic or elastically deformable plate. Animals were followed up until 18 weeks and were evaluated by plain x-ray, computed tomography scan, and undecalcified histology to evaluate the rate and quality of bone formation and interbody fusion. Animals treated with the elastically deformable plate demonstrated statistically significantly superior early bone formation relative to the translationally dynamic plate. Trends in the data from 8 to 18 weeks postoperatively suggest that the elastically deformable implant enhanced bony bridging and fusion, but these enhancements were not statistically significant. Load-sharing through elastic micro-motion accelerates bone formation in the challenging goat ACDF model. The elastically deformable implant used in this study may promote early bony bridging and increased rates of fusion, but future studies will be necessary to comprehensively characterize the advantages of load-sharing through micro-motion. Copyright © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Unintentional force changes in cyclical tasks performed by an abundant system: Empirical observations and a dynamical model.

PubMed

Reschechtko, Sasha; Hasanbarani, Fariba; Akulin, Vladimir M; Latash, Mark L

2017-05-14

The study explored unintentional force changes elicited by removing visual feedback during cyclical, two-finger isometric force production tasks. Subjects performed two types of tasks at 1Hz, paced by an auditory metronome. One - Force task - required cyclical changes in total force while maintaining the sharing, defined as relative contribution of a finger to total force. The other task - Share task - required cyclical changes in sharing while keeping total force unchanged. Each trial started under full visual feedback on both force and sharing; subsequently, feedback on the variable that was instructed to stay constant was frozen, and finally feedback on the other variable was also removed. In both tasks, turning off visual feedback on total force elicited a drop in the mid-point of the force cycle and an increase in the peak-to-peak force amplitude. Turning off visual feedback on sharing led to a drift of mean share toward 50:50 across both tasks. Without visual feedback there was consistent deviation of the two force time series from the in-phase pattern (typical of the Force task) and from the out-of-phase pattern (typical of the Share task). This finding is in contrast to most earlier studies that demonstrated only two stable patterns, in-phase and out-of-phase. We interpret the results as consequences of drifts of parameters in a dynamical system leading in particular to drifts in the referent finger coordinates toward their actual coordinates. The relative phase desynchronization is caused by the right-left differences in the hypothesized drift processes, consistent with the dynamic dominance hypothesis. Copyright © 2017 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Unintentional force changes in cyclical tasks performed by an abundant system: Empirical observations and a dynamical model

PubMed Central

Reschechtko, Sasha; Hasanbarani, Fariba; Akulin, Vladimir M.; Latash, Mark L.

2017-01-01

The study explored unintentional force changes elicited by removing visual feedback during cyclical, two-finger isometric force production tasks. Subjects performed two types of tasks at 1 Hz, paced by an auditory metronome. One – Force task – required cyclical changes in total force while maintaining the sharing, defined as relative contribution of a finger to total force. The other task – Share task – required cyclical changes in sharing while keeping total force unchanged. Each trial started under full visual feedback on both force and sharing; subsequently, feedback on the variable that was instructed to stay constant was frozen, and finally feedback on the other variable was also removed. In both tasks, turning off visual feedback on total force elicited a drop in the mid-point of the force cycle and an increase in the peak-to-peak force amplitude. Turning off visual feedback on sharing led to a drift of mean share toward 50:50 across both tasks. Without visual feedback there was consistent deviation of the two force time series from the in-phase pattern (typical of the Force task) and from the out-of-phase pattern (typical of the Share task). This finding is in contrast to most earlier studies that demonstrated only two stable patterns, in-phase and out-of-phase. We interpret the results as consequences of drifts of parameters in a dynamical system leading in particular to drifts in the referent finger coordinates toward their actual coordinates. The relative phase desynchronization is caused by the right-left differences in the hypothesized drift processes, consistent with the dynamic dominance hypothesis. PMID:28344070

The association between autism and schizophrenia spectrum disorders: A review of eight alternate models of co-occurrence.

PubMed

Chisholm, Katharine; Lin, Ashleigh; Abu-Akel, Ahmad; Wood, Stephen J

2015-08-01

Although now believed to be two distinct disorders, autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) share multiple phenotypic similarities and risk factors, and have been reported to co-occur at elevated rates. In this narrative review, we give a brief overview of the phenomenological, genetic, environmental, and imaging evidence for the overlap between ASD and SSD, highlighting similarities and areas of distinction. We examine eight possible alternate models of explanation for the association and comorbidity between the disorders, and set out a research agenda to test these models. Understanding how and why these disorders co-occur has important implications for diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis, as well as for developing fundamental aetiological models of the disorders. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Economic aspects of spectrum management

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stibolt, R. D.

1979-01-01

Problems associated with the allocation of the radio frequency spectrum are addressed. It is observed that the current method very likely does not allocate the resource to those most valuing its use. Ecomonic criteria by which the effectiveness of resource allocation schemes can be judged are set forth and some thoughts on traditional objections to implementation of market characteristics into frequency allocation are offered. The problem of dividing orbit and spectrum between two satellite services sharing the same band but having significantly different system characteristics is discussed. The problem is compounded by the likelihood that one service will commence operation much sooner than the other. Some alternative schemes are offered that, within proper international constraints, could achieve a desired flexibility in the division of orbit and frequency between the two services domestically over the next several years.

A block chain based architecture for asset management in coalition operations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Verma, Dinesh; Desai, Nirmit; Preece, Alun; Taylor, Ian

2017-05-01

To support dynamic communities of interests in coalition operations, new architectures for efficient sharing of ISR assets are needed. The use of blockchain technology in wired business environments, such as digital currency systems, offers an interesting solution by creating a way to maintain a distributed shared ledger without requiring a single trusted authority. In this paper, we discuss how a blockchain-based system can be modified to provide a solution for dynamic asset sharing amongst coalition members, enabling the creation of a logically centralized asset management system by a seamless policy-compliant federation of different coalition systems. We discuss the use of blockchain for three different types of assets in a coalition context, showing how blockchain can offer a suitable solution for sharing assets in those environments. We also discuss the limitations in the current implementations of blockchain which need to be overcome for the technology to become more effective in a decentralized tactical edge environment.

Impact of malaria interventions on child mortality in endemic African settings: comparison and alignment between LiST and Spectrum-Malaria model.

PubMed

Korenromp, Eline; Hamilton, Matthew; Sanders, Rachel; Mahiané, Guy; Briët, Olivier J T; Smith, Thomas; Winfrey, William; Walker, Neff; Stover, John

2017-11-07

In malaria-endemic countries, malaria prevention and treatment are critical for child health. In the context of intervention scale-up and rapid changes in endemicity, projections of intervention impact and optimized program scale-up strategies need to take into account the consequent dynamics of transmission and immunity. The new Spectrum-Malaria program planning tool was used to project health impacts of Insecticide-Treated mosquito Nets (ITNs) and effective management of uncomplicated malaria cases (CMU), among other interventions, on malaria infection prevalence, case incidence and mortality in children 0-4 years, 5-14 years of age and adults. Spectrum-Malaria uses statistical models fitted to simulations of the dynamic effects of increasing intervention coverage on these burdens as a function of baseline malaria endemicity, seasonality in transmission and malaria intervention coverage levels (estimated for years 2000 to 2015 by the World Health Organization and Malaria Atlas Project). Spectrum-Malaria projections of proportional reductions in under-five malaria mortality were compared with those of the Lives Saved Tool (LiST) for the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Zambia, for given (standardized) scenarios of ITN and/or CMU scale-up over 2016-2030. Proportional mortality reductions over the first two years following scale-up of ITNs from near-zero baselines to moderately higher coverages align well between LiST and Spectrum-Malaria -as expected since both models were fitted to cluster-randomized ITN trials in moderate-to-high-endemic settings with 2-year durations. For further scale-up from moderately high ITN coverage to near-universal coverage (as currently relevant for strategic planning for many countries), Spectrum-Malaria predicts smaller additional ITN impacts than LiST, reflecting progressive saturation. For CMU, especially in the longer term (over 2022-2030) and for lower-endemic settings (like Zambia), Spectrum-Malaria projects larger proportional impacts, reflecting onward dynamic effects not fully captured by LiST. Spectrum-Malaria complements LiST by extending the scope of malaria interventions, program packages and health outcomes that can be evaluated for policy making and strategic planning within and beyond the perspective of child survival.

Temporal dynamics of the gut microbiota in people sharing a confined environment, a 520-day ground-based space simulation, MARS500.

PubMed

Turroni, Silvia; Rampelli, Simone; Biagi, Elena; Consolandi, Clarissa; Severgnini, Marco; Peano, Clelia; Quercia, Sara; Soverini, Matteo; Carbonero, Franck G; Bianconi, Giovanna; Rettberg, Petra; Canganella, Francesco; Brigidi, Patrizia; Candela, Marco

2017-03-24

The intestinal microbial communities and their temporal dynamics are gaining increasing interest due to the significant implications for human health. Recent studies have shown the dynamic behavior of the gut microbiota in free-living, healthy persons. To date, it is not known whether these dynamics are applicable during prolonged life sharing in a confined and controlled environment. The MARS500 project, the longest ground-based space simulation ever, provided us with a unique opportunity to trace the crew microbiota over 520 days of isolated confinement, such as that faced by astronauts in real long-term interplanetary space flights, and after returning to regular life, for a total of 2 years. According to our data, even under the strictly controlled conditions of an enclosed environment, the human gut microbiota is inherently dynamic, capable of shifting between different steady states, typically with rearrangements of autochthonous members. Notwithstanding a strong individuality in the overall gut microbiota trajectory, some key microbial components showed conserved temporal dynamics, with potential implications for the maintenance of a health-promoting, mutualistic microbiota configuration. Sharing life in a confined habitat does not affect the resilience of the individual gut microbial ecosystem, even in the long term. However, the temporal dynamics of certain microbiota components should be monitored when programming future mission simulations and real space flights, to prevent breakdowns in the metabolic and immunological homeostasis of the crewmembers.

Nuclear quantum effects in electronically adiabatic quantum time correlation functions: Application to the absorption spectrum of a hydrated electron

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Turi, László; Hantal, György; Rossky, Peter J.; Borgis, Daniel

2009-07-01

A general formalism for introducing nuclear quantum effects in the expression of the quantum time correlation function of an operator in a multilevel electronic system is presented in the adiabatic limit. The final formula includes the nuclear quantum time correlation functions of the operator matrix elements, of the energy gap, and their cross terms. These quantities can be inferred and evaluated from their classical analogs obtained by mixed quantum-classical molecular dynamics simulations. The formalism is applied to the absorption spectrum of a hydrated electron, expressed in terms of the time correlation function of the dipole operator in the ground electronic state. We find that both static and dynamic nuclear quantum effects distinctly influence the shape of the absorption spectrum, especially its high energy tail related to transitions to delocalized electron states. Their inclusion does improve significantly the agreement between theory and experiment for both the low and high frequency edges of the spectrum. It does not appear sufficient, however, to resolve persistent deviations in the slow Lorentzian-like decay part of the spectrum in the intermediate 2-3 eV region.

On the Dynamics of the Spontaneous Activity in Neuronal Networks

PubMed Central

Bonifazi, Paolo; Ruaro, Maria Elisabetta; Torre, Vincent

2007-01-01

Most neuronal networks, even in the absence of external stimuli, produce spontaneous bursts of spikes separated by periods of reduced activity. The origin and functional role of these neuronal events are still unclear. The present work shows that the spontaneous activity of two very different networks, intact leech ganglia and dissociated cultures of rat hippocampal neurons, share several features. Indeed, in both networks: i) the inter-spike intervals distribution of the spontaneous firing of single neurons is either regular or periodic or bursting, with the fraction of bursting neurons depending on the network activity; ii) bursts of spontaneous spikes have the same broad distributions of size and duration; iii) the degree of correlated activity increases with the bin width, and the power spectrum of the network firing rate has a 1/f behavior at low frequencies, indicating the existence of long-range temporal correlations; iv) the activity of excitatory synaptic pathways mediated by NMDA receptors is necessary for the onset of the long-range correlations and for the presence of large bursts; v) blockage of inhibitory synaptic pathways mediated by GABAA receptors causes instead an increase in the correlation among neurons and leads to a burst distribution composed only of very small and very large bursts. These results suggest that the spontaneous electrical activity in neuronal networks with different architectures and functions can have very similar properties and common dynamics. PMID:17502919

Complex Dynamics in the Basal Ganglia: Health and Disease Beyond the Motor System.

PubMed

Andres, Daniela S; Darbin, Olivier

2018-01-01

The rate and oscillatory hypotheses are the two main current frameworks of basal ganglia pathophysiology. Both hypotheses have emerged from research on movement disorders sharing similar conceptualizations. These pathological conditions are classified either as hypokinetic or hyperkinetic, and the electrophysiological hallmarks of basal ganglia dysfunction are categorized as prokinetic or antikinetic. Although nonmotor symptoms, including neurobehavioral symptoms, are a key manifestation of basal ganglia dysfunction, they are uncommonly accounted for in these models. In patients with Parkinson's disease, the broad spectrum of motor symptoms and neurobehavioral symptoms challenges the concept that basal ganglia disorders can be classified into two categories. The profile of symptoms of basal ganglia dysfunction is best characterized by a breakdown of information processing, accompanied at an electrophysiological level by complex alterations of spiking activity from basal ganglia neurons. The authors argue that the dynamics of the basal ganglia circuit cannot be fully characterized by linear properties such as the firing rate or oscillatory activity. In fact, the neuronal spiking stream of the basal ganglia circuit is irregular but has temporal structure. In this context, entropy was introduced as a measure of probabilistic irregularity in the temporal organization of neuronal activity of the basal ganglia, giving place to the entropy hypothesis of basal ganglia pathology. Obtaining a quantitative characterization of irregularity of spike trains from basal ganglia neurons is key to elaborating a new framework of basal ganglia pathophysiology.

The DYNAFLUX / DYNACOLD (Dynamics, Fluxes, Stability, Succession and Landscape Formation in Cold Environments) Network (2004-2017)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Beylich, Achim A.

2017-04-01

There is a wide range of high-latitude and high-altitude cold climate landscapes within Europe, covering a significant proportion of the total land surface area. This spectrum of defined cold-climate landscapes represents a variety of stages of deglaciation history and landscape formation. We can find landscapes at different levels of postglacial stabilization which is providing the unique opportunity to study the interactions between geo-, bio-, social and socio-economic systems at the land surface. The DYNAFLUX / DYNACOLD Network (2004-2017) bridges across the geo-, bio-, social and socio-economic sciences in order to analyze the complex dynamics of adjustment, stabilization, succession and landscape formation during and after ice retreat and under ongoing anthropogenic influences. The network provides a multidisciplinary forum where researchers come together and discuss. In addition, this network is linking a number of other scientific networks, working groups and programs and creates an umbrella network and a forum for sharing knowledge and experience. The scientific focus of DYNAFLUX / DYNACOLD is also relevant for a number of end users, including risk and vulnerability assessment, sustainable land use, land management and conservation. In addition, present key questions related to environmental change like, e.g., hazards, permafrost degradation and loss of biodiversity are addressed and discussed. Further information is found under http://www.ngu.no/sediflux.

Spectral saliency via automatic adaptive amplitude spectrum analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Xiaodong; Dai, Jialun; Zhu, Yafei; Zheng, Haiyong; Qiao, Xiaoyan

2016-03-01

Suppressing nonsalient patterns by smoothing the amplitude spectrum at an appropriate scale has been shown to effectively detect the visual saliency in the frequency domain. Different filter scales are required for different types of salient objects. We observe that the optimal scale for smoothing amplitude spectrum shares a specific relation with the size of the salient region. Based on this observation and the bottom-up saliency detection characterized by spectrum scale-space analysis for natural images, we propose to detect visual saliency, especially with salient objects of different sizes and locations via automatic adaptive amplitude spectrum analysis. We not only provide a new criterion for automatic optimal scale selection but also reserve the saliency maps corresponding to different salient objects with meaningful saliency information by adaptive weighted combination. The performance of quantitative and qualitative comparisons is evaluated by three different kinds of metrics on the four most widely used datasets and one up-to-date large-scale dataset. The experimental results validate that our method outperforms the existing state-of-the-art saliency models for predicting human eye fixations in terms of accuracy and robustness.

Implementation of Discovery Projects in Statistics

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bailey, Brad; Spence, Dianna J.; Sinn, Robb

2013-01-01

Researchers and statistics educators consistently suggest that students will learn statistics more effectively by conducting projects through which they actively engage in a broad spectrum of tasks integral to statistical inquiry, in the authentic context of a real-world application. In keeping with these findings, we share an implementation of…

Does Princess Adelaide Really Have Whooping Cough?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Davis, Phil J.; Wendelyn, Chris

1998-01-01

Spectrum Community School, an alternative public high school in the North Kitsap (Washington) School District, and Omnibus School, an independent evening program in Ekaterinburg, Russia, have spent the past six years building bridges. They have traveled to each others' homes and shared each other's lives via a collaborative, engaging, and…

Cross-Cutting Interoperability in an Earth Science Collaboratory

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lynnes, Christopher; Ramachandran, Rahul; Kuo, Kuo-Sen

2011-01-01

An Earth Science Collaboratory is: A rich data analysis environment with: (1) Access to a wide spectrum of Earth Science data, (3) A diverse set of science analysis services and tools, (4) A means to collaborate on data, tools and analysis, and (5)Supports sharing of data, tools, results and knowledge

Visual Attention in Autism Families: "Unaffected" Sibs Share Atypical Frontal Activation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Belmonte, Matthew K.; Gomot, Marie; Baron-Cohen, Simon

2010-01-01

Background: In addition to their more clinically evident abnormalities of social cognition, people with autism spectrum conditions (ASC) manifest perturbations of attention and sensory perception which may offer insights into the underlying neural abnormalities. Similar autistic traits in ASC relatives without a diagnosis suggest a continuity…

The ESSENCE in Child Psychiatry: Early Symptomatic Syndromes Eliciting Neurodevelopmental Clinical Examinations

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gillberg, Christopher

2010-01-01

Co-existence of disorders--including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, tic disorder, developmental coordination disorder, and autism spectrum disorder--and sharing of symptoms across disorders (sometimes referred to as comorbidity) is the rule rather than the exception in child psychiatry and developmental…

Using Linked Data to Drive Education and Training Improvement

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Data Quality Campaign, 2010

2010-01-01

To address key policy and programmatic questions and help improve student and system performance, states must work to link data across the early childhood, postsecondary and workforce (P-20/workforce) spectrum and share this information with appropriate stakeholders. This issue brief highlights current efforts in California, Florida, Indiana, and…

47 CFR 301.120 - Reports on agency Transition Plans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 5 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Reports on agency Transition Plans. 301.120 Section 301.120 Telecommunication NATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND INFORMATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE RELOCATION OF AND SPECTRUM SHARING BY FEDERAL GOVERNMENT STATIONS Technical Panel § 301.120 Reports on agency Transition Plans. (a)...

Superior Fluid Intelligence in Children with Asperger's Disorder

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hayashi, Mika; Kato, Motoichiro; Igarashi, Kazue; Kashima, Haruo

2008-01-01

Asperger's disorder is one of autistic spectrum disorders; sharing clinical features with autism, but without developmental delay in language acquisition. There have been some studies of intellectual functioning in autism so far, but very few in Asperger's disorder. In the present study, we investigated abstract reasoning ability, whose form of…

Common mechanisms of excitatory and inhibitory imbalance in schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders.

PubMed

Gao, R; Penzes, P

2015-01-01

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and Schizophrenia (SCZ) are cognitive disorders with complex genetic architectures but overlapping behavioral phenotypes, which suggests common pathway perturbations. Multiple lines of evidence implicate imbalances in excitatory and inhibitory activity (E/I imbalance) as a shared pathophysiological mechanism. Thus, understanding the molecular underpinnings of E/I imbalance may provide essential insight into the etiology of these disorders and may uncover novel targets for future drug discovery. Here, we review key genetic, physiological, neuropathological, functional, and pathway studies that suggest alterations to excitatory/inhibitory circuits are keys to ASD and SCZ pathogenesis.

Pediatric misophonia with comorbid obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders.

PubMed

Webber, Troy A; Johnson, Patricia L; Storch, Eric A

2014-01-01

Misophonia is a potentially debilitating condition characterized by increased sensitivity to specific sounds, which cause subsequent behavioral and emotional responses. The nature, clinical phenomenology and etiology of misophonia remain unclear, and misophonic clinical presentations are not currently accounted for by existing psychiatric or audiological disorders. We present a case of pediatric misophonia in the context of comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder and Tourette's syndrome. Given the interrelationships among obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders and misophonia, these disorders may share underlying pathophysiology, particularly within the dopaminergic and serotonergic neural systems. Clinical (i.e., treatment) and theoretical implications are discussed. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Characterization of CIA-1, an Ambler class A extended-spectrum β-lactamase from Chryseobacterium indologenes.

PubMed

Matsumoto, Takehisa; Nagata, Mika; Ishimine, Nau; Kawasaki, Kenji; Yamauchi, Kazuyoshi; Hidaka, Eiko; Kasuga, Eriko; Horiuchi, Kazuki; Oana, Kozue; Kawakami, Yoshiyuki; Honda, Takayuki

2012-01-01

An Ambler class A β-lactamase gene, bla(CIA-1), was cloned from the reference strain Chryseobacterium indologenes ATCC 29897 and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21. The bla(CIA-1) gene encodes a novel extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) that shared 68% and 60% identities with the CGA-1 and CME-1 β-lactamases, respectively. bla(CIA-1)-like genes were detected from clinical isolates. In addition to the metallo-β-lactamase IND of Ambler class B, C. indologenes has a class A ESBL gene, bla(CIA-1), located on the chromosome.

A hybrid spectral representation of phytoplankton growth and zooplankton response: The ''control rod'' model of plankton interaction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Armstrong, Robert A.

2003-11-01

Phytoplankton species interact through competition for light and nutrients; they also interact through grazers they hold in common. Both interactions are expected to be size-dependent: smaller phytoplankton species will be at an advantage when nutrients are scarce due to surface/volume considerations, while species that are similar in size are more likely to be consumed by grazers held in common than are species that differ greatly in size. While phytoplankton competition for nutrients and light has been extensively characterized, size-based interaction through shared grazers has not been represented systematically. The latter situation is particularly unfortunate because small changes in community structure can give rise to large changes in ecosystem dynamics and, in inverse modeling, to large changes in estimated parameter values. A simple, systematic way to represent phytoplankton interaction through shared grazers, one resistant to unintended idiosyncrasy of model construction yet capable of representing scientifically justifiable idiosyncrasy, would aid greatly in the modeling process. Here I develop a model structure that allows systematic representation of plankton interaction. In this model, the zooplankton community is represented as a continuous size spectrum, while phytoplankton species can be represented individually. The mechanistic basis of the model is a shift in the zooplankton community from carnivory to omnivory to herbivory as phytoplankton density increases. I discuss two limiting approximations in some detail, and fit both to data from the IronEx II experiment. The first limiting case represents a community with no grazer-based interaction among phytoplankton species; this approximation illuminates the general structure of the model. In particular, the zooplankton spectrum can be viewed as the analog of a control rod in a nuclear reactor, which prevents (or fails to prevent) an exponential bloom of phytoplankton. A second, more complex limiting case allows more general interaction of phytoplankton species along a size axis. This latter case would be suitable for describing competition among species with distinct biogeochemical roles, or between species that cause harmful algal blooms and those that do not. The model structure as a whole is therefore simple enough to guide thinking, yet detailed enough to allow quantitative prediction.

Thermostatistically approaching living systems: Boltzmann Gibbs or nonextensive statistical mechanics?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tsallis, Constantino

2006-03-01

Boltzmann-Gibbs ( BG) statistical mechanics is, since well over one century, successfully used for many nonlinear dynamical systems which, in one way or another, exhibit strong chaos. A typical case is a classical many-body short-range-interacting Hamiltonian system (e.g., the Lennard-Jones model for a real gas at moderately high temperature). Its Lyapunov spectrum (which characterizes the sensitivity to initial conditions) includes positive values. This leads to ergodicity, the stationary state being thermal equilibrium, hence standard applicability of the BG theory is verified. The situation appears to be of a different nature for various phenomena occurring in living organisms. Indeed, such systems exhibit a complexity which does not really accommodate with this standard dynamical behavior. Life appears to emerge and evolve in a kind of delicate situation, at the frontier between large order (low adaptability and long memory; typically characterized by regular dynamics, hence only nonpositive Lyapunov exponents) and large disorder (high adaptability and short memory; typically characterized by strong chaos, hence at least one positive Lyapunov exponent). Along this frontier, the maximal relevant Lyapunov exponents are either zero or close to that, characterizing what is currently referred to as weak chaos. This type of situation is shared by a great variety of similar complex phenomena in economics, linguistics, to cite but a few. BG statistical mechanics is built upon the entropy S=-k∑plnp. A generalization of this form, S=k(1-∑piq)/(q-1) (with S=S), has been proposed in 1988 as a basis for formulating what is nowadays currently called nonextensive statistical mechanics. This theory appears to be particularly adapted for nonlinear dynamical systems exhibiting, precisely, weak chaos. Here, we briefly review the theory, its dynamical foundation, its applications in a variety of disciplines (with special emphasis to living systems), and its connections with the ubiquitous scale-free networks.

Injection Locking Techniques for Spectrum Analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gathma, Timothy D.; Buckwalter, James F.

2011-04-01

Wideband spectrum analysis supports future communication systems that reconfigure and adapt to the capacity of the spectral environment. While test equipment manufacturers offer wideband spectrum analyzers with excellent sensitivity and resolution, these spectrum analyzers typically cannot offer acceptable size, weight, and power (SWAP). CMOS integrated circuits offer the potential to fully integrate spectrum analysis capability with analog front-end circuitry and digital signal processing on a single chip. Unfortunately, CMOS lacks high-Q passives and wideband resonator tunability that is necessary for heterodyne implementations of spectrum analyzers. As an alternative to the heterodyne receiver architectures, two nonlinear methods for performing wideband, low-power spectrum analysis are presented. The first method involves injecting the spectrum of interest into an array of injection-locked oscillators. The second method employs the closed loop dynamics of both injection locking and phase locking to independently estimate the injected frequency and power.

Shared decision-making - Rhetoric and reality: Women's experiences and perceptions of adjuvant treatment decision-making for breast cancer.

PubMed

Mahmoodi, Neda; Sargeant, Sally

2017-01-01

This interview-based study uses phenomenology as a theoretical framework and thematic analysis to challenge existing explanatory frameworks of shared decision-making, in an exploration of women's experiences and perceptions of shared decision-making for adjuvant treatment in breast cancer. Three themes emerged are as follows: (1) women's desire to participate in shared decision-making, (2) the degree to which shared decision-making is perceived to be shared and (3) to what extent are women empowered within shared decision-making. Studying breast cancer patients' subjective experiences of adjuvant treatment decision-making provides a broader perspective on patient participatory role preferences and doctor-patient power dynamics within shared decision-making for breast cancer.

Higher-Order Hurst Signatures: Dynamical Information in Time Series

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ferenbaugh, Willis

2005-10-01

Understanding and comparing time series from different systems requires characteristic measures of the dynamics embedded in the series. The Hurst exponent is a second-order dynamical measure of a time series which grew up within the blossoming fractal world of Mandelbrot. This characteristic measure is directly related to the behavior of the autocorrelation, the power-spectrum, and other second-order things. And as with these other measures, the Hurst exponent captures and quantifies some but not all of the intrinsic nature of a series. The more elusive characteristics live in the phase spectrum and the higher-order spectra. This research is a continuing quest to (more) fully characterize the dynamical information in time series produced by plasma experiments or models. The goal is to supplement the series information which can be represented by a Hurst exponent, and we would like to develop supplemental techniques in analogy with Hurst's original R/S analysis. These techniques should be another way to plumb the higher-order dynamics.

UTILITY OF A WIDE SPECTRUM LIGHT METER AS AN UNDERWATER SENSOR OF PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION (PAR)

EPA Science Inventory

The strong attenuation of infra red wavelengths (>700 nm) in coastal waters is suggestive that some instruments with broad spectral responses might be useful, inexpensive substitutes for PAR sensors in studies of estuarine plant dynamics. Wide spectrum (350-1100 nm) light intensi...

Implementation of Parallel Dynamic Simulation on Shared-Memory vs. Distributed-Memory Environments

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jin, Shuangshuang; Chen, Yousu; Wu, Di

2015-12-09

Power system dynamic simulation computes the system response to a sequence of large disturbance, such as sudden changes in generation or load, or a network short circuit followed by protective branch switching operation. It consists of a large set of differential and algebraic equations, which is computational intensive and challenging to solve using single-processor based dynamic simulation solution. High-performance computing (HPC) based parallel computing is a very promising technology to speed up the computation and facilitate the simulation process. This paper presents two different parallel implementations of power grid dynamic simulation using Open Multi-processing (OpenMP) on shared-memory platform, and Messagemore » Passing Interface (MPI) on distributed-memory clusters, respectively. The difference of the parallel simulation algorithms and architectures of the two HPC technologies are illustrated, and their performances for running parallel dynamic simulation are compared and demonstrated.« less

Singular spectrum analysis in nonlinear dynamics, with applications to paleoclimatic time series

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Vautard, R.; Ghil, M.

1989-01-01

Two dimensions of a dynamical system given by experimental time series are distinguished. Statistical dimension gives a theoretical upper bound for the minimal number of degrees of freedom required to describe the attractor up to the accuracy of the data, taking into account sampling and noise problems. The dynamical dimension is the intrinsic dimension of the attractor and does not depend on the quality of the data. Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) provides estimates of the statistical dimension. SSA also describes the main physical phenomena reflected by the data. It gives adaptive spectral filters associated with the dominant oscillations of the system and clarifies the noise characteristics of the data. SSA is applied to four paleoclimatic records. The principal climatic oscillations and the regime changes in their amplitude are detected. About 10 degrees of freedom are statistically significant in the data. Large noise and insufficient sample length do not allow reliable estimates of the dynamical dimension.

Steinberg ``AUDIOMAPS'' Music Appreciation-Via-Understanding: Special-Relativity + Expectations ``Quantum-Theory'': a Quantum-ACOUSTO/MUSICO-Dynamics (QA/MD)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fender, Lee; Steinberg, Russell; Siegel, Edward Carl-Ludwig

2011-03-01

Steinberg wildly popular "AUDIOMAPS" music enjoyment/appreciation-via-understanding methodology, versus art, music-dynamics evolves, telling a story in (3+1)-dimensions: trails, frames, timbres, + dynamics amplitude vs. music-score time-series (formal-inverse power-spectrum) surprisingly closely parallels (3+1)-dimensional Einstein(1905) special-relativity "+" (with its enjoyment-expectations) a manifestation of quantum-theory expectation-values, together a music quantum-ACOUSTO/MUSICO-dynamics(QA/MD). Analysis via Derrida deconstruction enabled Siegel-Baez "Category-Semantics" "FUZZYICS"="CATEGORYICS ('TRIZ") Aristotle SoO DEduction , irrespective of Boon-Klimontovich vs. Voss-Clark[PRL(77)] music power-spectrum analysis sampling-time/duration controversy: part versus whole, shows QA/MD reigns supreme as THE music appreciation-via-analysis tool for the listener in musicology!!! Connection to Deutsch-Hartmann-Levitin[This is Your Brain on Music, (06)] brain/mind-barrier brain/mind-music connection is subtle/compelling/immediate!!!

Flavor-singlet spectrum in multi-flavor QCD

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aoki, Yasumichi; Aoyama, Tatsumi; Bennett, Ed; Kurachi, Masafumi; Maskawa, Toshihide; Miura, Kohtaroh; Nagai, Kei-ichi; Ohki, Hiroshi; Rinaldi, Enrico; Shibata, Akihiro; Yamawaki, Koichi; Yamazaki, Takeshi

2018-03-01

Studying SU(3) gauge theories with increasing number of light fermions is relevant both for understanding the strong dynamics of QCD and for constructing strongly interacting extensions of the Standard Model (e.g. UV completions of composite Higgs models). In order to contrast these many-flavors strongly interacting theories with QCD, we study the flavor-singlet spectrum as an interesting probe. In fact, some composite Higgs models require the Higgs boson to be the lightest flavor-singlet scalar in the spectrum of a strongly interacting new sector with a well defined hierarchy with the rest of the states. Moreover, introducing many light flavors at fixed number of colors can influence the dynamics of the lightest flavor-singlet pseudoscalar. We present the on-going study of these flavor-singlet channels using multiple interpolating operators on high-statistics ensembles generated by the LatKMI collaboration and we compare results with available data obtained by the Lattice Strong Dynamics collaboration. For the theory with 8 flavors, the two collaborations have generated configurations that complement each others with the aim to tackle the massless limit using the largest possible volumes.

Flavor-singlet spectrum in multi-flavor QCD

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Aoki, Yasamichi; Rinaldi, Enrico

2017-06-18

Studying SU(3) gauge theories with increasing number of light fermions is relevant both for understanding the strong dynamics of QCD and for constructing strongly interacting extensions of the Standard Model (e.g. UV completions of composite Higgs models). In order to contrast these many-flavors strongly interacting theories with QCD, we study the flavor-singlet spectrum as an interesting probe. In fact, some composite Higgs models require the Higgs boson to be the lightest flavor-singlet scalar in the spectrum of a strongly interacting new sector with a well defined hierarchy with the rest of the states. Moreover, introducing many light flavors at fixedmore » number of colors can influence the dynamics of the lightest flavor-singlet pseudoscalar. We present the on-going study of these flavor-singlet channels using multiple interpolating operators on high-statistics ensembles generated by the LatKMI collaboration and we compare results with available data obtained by the Lattice Strong Dynamics collaboration. For the theory with 8 flavors, the two collaborations have generated configurations that complement each others with the aim to tackle the massless limit using the largest possible volumes.« less

Access to services, quality of care, and family impact for children with autism, other developmental disabilities, and other mental health conditions.

PubMed

Vohra, Rini; Madhavan, Suresh; Sambamoorthi, Usha; St Peter, Claire

2014-10-01

This cross-sectional study examined perceived access to services, quality of care, and family impact reported by caregivers of children aged 3-17 years with autism spectrum disorders, as compared to caregivers of children with other developmental disabilities and other mental health conditions. The 2009-2010 National Survey of Children with Special Health Care Needs was utilized to examine the association between child's special needs condition and three outcomes (N = 18,136): access to services (difficulty using services, difficulty getting referrals, lack of source of care, and inadequate insurance coverage), quality of care (lack of care coordination, lack of shared decision making, and no routine screening), and family impact (financial, employment, and time-related burden). Multivariate logistic regressions were performed to compare caregivers of children with autism spectrum disorders to caregivers of children with developmental disabilities (cerebral palsy, Down syndrome, developmental delay, or intellectual disability), mental health conditions (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, anxiety, behavioral/conduct problems, or depression), or both developmental disabilities and mental health conditions. Caregivers of children with autism spectrum disorders were significantly more likely to report difficulty using services, lack of source of care, inadequate insurance coverage, lack of shared decision making and care coordination, and adverse family impact as compared to caregivers of children with developmental disabilities, mental health conditions, or both. © The Author(s) 2013.

XA23 is an executor R protein and confers broad-spectrum disease resistance in rice.

PubMed

Wang, Chunlian; Zhang, Xiaoping; Fan, Yinglun; Gao, Ying; Zhu, Qinlong; Zheng, Chongke; Qin, Tengfei; Li, Yanqiang; Che, Jinying; Zhang, Mingwei; Yang, Bing; Liu, Yaoguang; Zhao, Kaijun

2015-02-01

The majority of plant disease resistance (R) genes encode proteins that share common structural features. However, the transcription activator-like effector (TALE)-associated executor type R genes show no considerable sequence homology to any known R genes. We adopted a map-based cloning approach and TALE-based technology to isolate and characterize Xa23, a new executor R gene derived from wild rice (Oryza rufipogon) that confers an extremely broad spectrum of resistance to bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). Xa23 encodes a 113 amino acid protein that shares 50% identity with the known executor R protein XA10. The predicted transmembrane helices in XA23 also overlap with those of XA10. Unlike Xa10, however, Xa23 transcription is specifically activated by AvrXa23, a TALE present in all examined Xoo field isolates. Moreover, the susceptible xa23 allele has an identical open reading frame of Xa23 but differs in promoter region by lacking the TALE binding element (EBE) for AvrXa23. XA23 can trigger a strong hypersensitive response in rice, tobacco, and tomato. Our results provide the first evidence that plant genomes have an executor R gene family of which members execute their function and spectrum of disease resistance by recognizing the cognate TALEs in the pathogen. Copyright © 2015 The Author. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Dynamic traffic grooming with Spectrum Engineering (TG-SE) in flexible grid optical networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yu, Xiaosong; Zhao, Yongli; Zhang, Jiawei; Wang, Jianping; Zhang, Guoying; Chen, Xue; Zhang, Jie

2015-12-01

Flexible grid has emerged as an evolutionary technology to satisfy the ever increasing demand for higher spectrum efficiency and operational flexibility. To optimize the spectrum resource utilization, this paper introduces the concept of Spectrum Engineering in flex-grid optical networks. The sliceable optical transponder has been proposed to offload IP traffic to the optical layer and reduce the number of IP router ports and transponders. We discuss the impact of sliceable transponder in traffic grooming and propose several traffic-grooming schemes with Spectrum Engineering (TG-SE). Our results show that there is a tradeoff among different traffic grooming policies, which should be adopted based on the network operator's objectives. The proposed traffic grooming with Spectrum Engineering schemes can reduce OPEX as well as increase spectrum efficiency by efficiently utilizing the bandwidth variability and capability of sliceable optical transponders.

Water-mediated influence of a crowded environment on internal vibrations of a protein molecule.

PubMed

Kuffel, Anna; Zielkiewicz, Jan

2016-02-14

The influence of crowding on the protein inner dynamics is examined by putting a single protein molecule close to one or two neighboring protein molecules. The presence of additional molecules influences the amplitudes of protein fluctuations. Also, a weak dynamical coupling of collective velocities of surface atoms of proteins separated by a layer of water is detected. The possible mechanisms of these phenomena are described. The cross-correlation function of the collective velocities of surface atoms of two proteins was decomposed into the Fourier series. The amplitude spectrum displays a peak at low frequencies. Also, the results of principal component analysis suggest that the close presence of an additional protein molecule influences the high-amplitude, low-frequency modes in the most prominent way. This part of the spectrum covers biologically important protein motions. The neighbor-induced changes in the inner dynamics of the protein may be connected with the changes in the velocity power spectrum of interfacial water. The additional protein molecule changes the properties of solvation water and in this way it can influence the dynamics of the second protein. It is suggested that this phenomenon may be described, at first approximation, by a damped oscillator driven by an external random force. This model was successfully applied to conformationally rigid Choristoneura fumiferana antifreeze protein molecules.

Communication networks for the tactical edge

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Evans, Joseph B.; Pennington, Steven G.; Ewy, Benjamin J.

2017-04-01

Information at the tactical level is increasingly critical in today's conflicts. The proliferation of commercial tablets and smart phones has created the ability for extensive information sharing at the tactical edge, beyond the traditional tactical voice communications and location information. This is particularly the case in Gray Zone conflicts, in which tactical decision making and actions are intertwined with information sharing and exploitation. Networking of tactical devices is the key to this information sharing. In this work, we detail and analyze two network models at different parts of the Gray Zone spectrum, and explore a number of networking options including Named Data Networking. We also compare networking approaches in a variety of realistic operating environments. Our results show that Named Data Networking is a good match for the disrupted networking environments found in many tactical situations

Power attenuation characteristics as switch-over criterion in personal satellite mobile communications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Castro, Jonathan P.

1993-01-01

A third generation mobile system intends to support communications in all environments (i.e., outdoors, indoors at home or office and when moving). This system will integrate services that are now available in architectures such as cellular, cordless, mobile data networks, paging, including satellite services to rural areas. One way through which service integration will be made possible is by supporting a hierarchical cellular structure based on umbrella cells, macro cells, micro and pico cells. In this type of structure, satellites are part of the giant umbrella cells allowing continuous global coverage, the other cells belong to cities, neighborhoods, and buildings respectively. This does not necessarily imply that network operation of terrestrial and satellite segments interconnect to enable roaming and spectrum sharing. However, the cell concept does imply hand-off between different cell types, which may involve change of frequency. Within this propsective, the present work uses power attenuation characteristics to determine a dynamic criterion that allows smooth transition from space to terrestrial networks. The analysis includes a hybrid channel that combines Rician, Raleigh and Log Normal fading characteristics.

Spectrum of classes of point emitters of electromagnetic wave fields.

PubMed

Castañeda, Román

2016-09-01

The spectrum of classes of point emitters has been introduced as a numerical tool suitable for the design, analysis, and synthesis of non-paraxial optical fields in arbitrary states of spatial coherence. In this paper, the polarization state of planar electromagnetic wave fields is included in the spectrum of classes, thus increasing its modeling capabilities. In this context, optical processing is realized as a filtering on the spectrum of classes of point emitters, performed by the complex degree of spatial coherence and the two-point correlation of polarization, which could be implemented dynamically by using programmable optical devices.

Describing functional requirements for knowledge sharing communities

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Garrett, Sandra; Caldwell, Barrett

2002-01-01

Human collaboration in distributed knowledge sharing groups depends on the functionality of information and communication technologies (ICT) to support performance. Since many of these dynamic environments are constrained by time limits, knowledge must be shared efficiently by adapting the level of information detail to the specific situation. This paper focuses on the process of knowledge and context sharing with and without mediation by ICT, as well as issues to be resolved when determining appropriate ICT channels. Both technology-rich and non-technology examples are discussed.

A Dynamic Approach to Rebalancing Bike-Sharing Systems

PubMed Central

2018-01-01

Bike-sharing services are flourishing in Smart Cities worldwide. They provide a low-cost and environment-friendly transportation alternative and help reduce traffic congestion. However, these new services are still under development, and several challenges need to be solved. A major problem is the management of rebalancing trucks in order to ensure that bikes and stalls in the docking stations are always available when needed, despite the fluctuations in the service demand. In this work, we propose a dynamic rebalancing strategy that exploits historical data to predict the network conditions and promptly act in case of necessity. We use Birth-Death Processes to model the stations’ occupancy and decide when to redistribute bikes, and graph theory to select the rebalancing path and the stations involved. We validate the proposed framework on the data provided by New York City’s bike-sharing system. The numerical simulations show that a dynamic strategy able to adapt to the fluctuating nature of the network outperforms rebalancing schemes based on a static schedule. PMID:29419771

Cerebral coherence between communicators marks the emergence of meaning

PubMed Central

Stolk, Arjen; Noordzij, Matthijs L.; Verhagen, Lennart; Volman, Inge; Schoffelen, Jan-Mathijs; Oostenveld, Robert; Hagoort, Peter; Toni, Ivan

2014-01-01

How can we understand each other during communicative interactions? An influential suggestion holds that communicators are primed by each other’s behaviors, with associative mechanisms automatically coordinating the production of communicative signals and the comprehension of their meanings. An alternative suggestion posits that mutual understanding requires shared conceptualizations of a signal’s use, i.e., “conceptual pacts” that are abstracted away from specific experiences. Both accounts predict coherent neural dynamics across communicators, aligned either to the occurrence of a signal or to the dynamics of conceptual pacts. Using coherence spectral-density analysis of cerebral activity simultaneously measured in pairs of communicators, this study shows that establishing mutual understanding of novel signals synchronizes cerebral dynamics across communicators’ right temporal lobes. This interpersonal cerebral coherence occurred only within pairs with a shared communicative history, and at temporal scales independent from signals’ occurrences. These findings favor the notion that meaning emerges from shared conceptualizations of a signal’s use. PMID:25489093

Exploring the Temperature Dependent Solid-State ALC Spectrum of the C6H6Mu• Radical with Ab-Initio Simulation Techniques

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sturniolo, S.; Liborio, L.; Pratt, F. L.; Cottrell, S. P.; Jochym, D. B.; Montanari, B.

The longitudinal field Avoided Level Crossing (ALC) muon spectrum of crystalline benzene is found to exhibit multiple complex features that strongly depend on temperature. In this work, a number of different computational techniques were used in conjunction to explain this behavior. An overall picture emerges in which the spectrum appears to be the result of an interplay of multiple dynamical effects, both classical and quantum mechanical.

Time-dependent constitutive modeling of drive belts—II. The effect of the shape of material retardation spectrum on the strain accumulation process

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zupančič, B.; Emri, I.

2009-11-01

This is the second paper in the series addressing the constitutive modeling of dynamically loaded elastomeric products such as power transmission belts. During the normal operation of such belts certain segments of the belt structure are loaded via tooth-like cyclical loading. When the time-dependent properties of the elastomeric material “match” the time-scale of the dynamic loading a strain accumulation (incrementation) process occurs. It was shown that the location of a critical rotation speed strongly depends on the distribution (shape) of the retardation spectrum, whereas the magnitude of the accumulated strain is governed by the strength of the corresponding spectrum lines. These interrelations are extremely non-linear. The strain accumulation process is most intensive at the beginning of the drive belt operation, and is less intensive for longer belts. The strain accumulation process is governed by the spectrum lines that are positioned within a certain region, which we call the Strain Accumulation Window (SAW). An SAW is always located to the right of the spectrum line, L i , at log ( ω λ i )=0, where ω is the operational angular velocity. The width of the SAW depends on the width of the material spectrum. Based on the following analysis a new designing criterion is proposed for use in engineering applications for selecting a proper material for general drive-belt operations.

A framework model for water-sharing among co-basin states of a river basin

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Garg, N. K.; Azad, Shambhu

2018-05-01

A new framework model is presented in this study for sharing of water in a river basin using certain governing variables, in an effort to enhance the objectivity for a reasonable and equitable allocation of water among co-basin states. The governing variables were normalised to reduce the governing variables of different co-basin states of a river basin on same scale. In the absence of objective methods for evaluating the weights to be assigned to co-basin states for water allocation, a framework was conceptualised and formulated to determine the normalised weighting factors of different co-basin states as a function of the governing variables. The water allocation to any co-basin state had been assumed to be proportional to its struggle for equity, which in turn was assumed to be a function of the normalised discontent, satisfaction, and weighting factors of each co-basin state. System dynamics was used effectively to represent and solve the proposed model formulation. The proposed model was successfully applied to the Vamsadhara river basin located in the South-Eastern part of India, and a sensitivity analysis of the proposed model parameters was carried out to prove its robustness in terms of the proposed model convergence and validity over the broad spectrum values of the proposed model parameters. The solution converged quickly to a final allocation of 1444 million cubic metre (MCM) in the case of the Odisha co-basin state, and to 1067 MCM for the Andhra Pradesh co-basin state. The sensitivity analysis showed that the proposed model's allocation varied from 1584 MCM to 1336 MCM for Odisha state and from 927 to 1175 MCM for Andhra, depending upon the importance weights given to the governing variables for the calculation of the weighting factors. Thus, the proposed model was found to be very flexible to explore various policy options to arrive at a decision in a water sharing problem. It can therefore be effectively applied to any trans-boundary problem where there is conflict about water-sharing among co-basin states.

Properties of the Magnitude Terms of Orthogonal Scaling Functions.

PubMed

Tay, Peter C; Havlicek, Joseph P; Acton, Scott T; Hossack, John A

2010-09-01

The spectrum of the convolution of two continuous functions can be determined as the continuous Fourier transform of the cross-correlation function. The same can be said about the spectrum of the convolution of two infinite discrete sequences, which can be determined as the discrete time Fourier transform of the cross-correlation function of the two sequences. In current digital signal processing, the spectrum of the contiuous Fourier transform and the discrete time Fourier transform are approximately determined by numerical integration or by densely taking the discrete Fourier transform. It has been shown that all three transforms share many analogous properties. In this paper we will show another useful property of determining the spectrum terms of the convolution of two finite length sequences by determining the discrete Fourier transform of the modified cross-correlation function. In addition, two properties of the magnitude terms of orthogonal wavelet scaling functions are developed. These properties are used as constraints for an exhaustive search to determine an robust lower bound on conjoint localization of orthogonal scaling functions.

Validation of the force and frequency characteristics of the activator adjusting instrument: effectiveness as a mechanical impedance measurement tool.

PubMed

Keller, T S; Colloca, C J; Fuhr, A W

1999-02-01

To determine the dynamic force-time and force-frequency characteristics of the Activator Adjusting Instrument and to validate its effectiveness as a mechanical impedance measurement device; in addition, to refine or optimize the force-frequency characteristics of the Activator Adjusting Instrument to provide enhanced dynamic structural measurement reliability and accuracy. An idealized test structure consisting of a rectangular steel beam with a static stiffness similar to that of the human thoracolumbar spine was used for validation of a method to determine the dynamic mechanical response of the spine. The Activator Adjusting Instrument equipped with a load cell and accelerometer was used to measure forces and accelerations during mechanical excitation of the steel beam. Driving point and transfer mechanical impedance and resonant frequency of the beam were determined by use of a frequency spectrum analysis for different force settings, stylus masses, and stylus tips. Results were compared with beam theory and transfer impedance measurements obtained by use of a commercial electronic PCB impact hammer. The Activator Adjusting Instrument imparted a very complex dynamic impact comprising an initial high force (116 to 140 N), short duration pulse (<0.1 ms) followed by several lower force (30 to 100 N), longer duration impulses (1 to 5 ms). The force profile was highly reproducible in terms of the peak impulse forces delivered to the beam structure (<8% variance). Spectrum analysis of the Activator Adjusting Instrument impulse indicated that the Activator Adjusting Instrument has a variable force spectrum and delivers its peak energy at a frequency of 20 Hz. Added masses and different durometer stylus tips had very little influence on the Activator Adjusting Instrument force spectrum. The resonant frequency of the beam was accurately predicted by both the Activator Adjusting Instrument and electronic PCB impact hammer, but variations in the magnitude of the driving point impedance at the resonant frequency were high (67%) compared with the transfer impedance measurements obtained with the electronic PCB impact hammer, which had a more uniform force spectrum and was more repeatable (<10% variation). The addition of a preload-control frame to the Activator Adjusting Instrument improved the characteristics of the force frequency spectrum and repeatability of the driving point impedance measurements. These findings indicate that the Activator Adjusting Instrument combined with an integral load cell and accelerometer was able to obtain an accurate description of a steel beam with readily identifiable geometric and dynamic mechanical properties. These findings support the rationale for using the device to assess the dynamic mechanical behavior of the vertebral column. Such information would be useful for SMT and may ultimately be used to evaluate the [corrected] biomechanical effectiveness of various manipulative, surgical, and rehabilitative spinal procedures.

Bacteriophages of Gordonia spp. Display a Spectrum of Diversity and Genetic Relationships.

PubMed

Pope, Welkin H; Mavrich, Travis N; Garlena, Rebecca A; Guerrero-Bustamante, Carlos A; Jacobs-Sera, Deborah; Montgomery, Matthew T; Russell, Daniel A; Warner, Marcie H; Hatfull, Graham F

2017-08-15

The global bacteriophage population is large, dynamic, old, and highly diverse genetically. Many phages are tailed and contain double-stranded DNA, but these remain poorly characterized genomically. A collection of over 1,000 phages infecting Mycobacterium smegmatis reveals the diversity of phages of a common bacterial host, but their relationships to phages of phylogenetically proximal hosts are not known. Comparative sequence analysis of 79 phages isolated on Gordonia shows these also to be diverse and that the phages can be grouped into 14 clusters of related genomes, with an additional 14 phages that are "singletons" with no closely related genomes. One group of six phages is closely related to Cluster A mycobacteriophages, but the other Gordonia phages are distant relatives and share only 10% of their genes with the mycobacteriophages. The Gordonia phage genomes vary in genome length (17.1 to 103.4 kb), percentage of GC content (47 to 68.8%), and genome architecture and contain a variety of features not seen in other phage genomes. Like the mycobacteriophages, the highly mosaic Gordonia phages demonstrate a spectrum of genetic relationships. We show this is a general property of bacteriophages and suggest that any barriers to genetic exchange are soft and readily violable. IMPORTANCE Despite the numerical dominance of bacteriophages in the biosphere, there is a dearth of complete genomic sequences. Current genomic information reveals that phages are highly diverse genomically and have mosaic architectures formed by extensive horizontal genetic exchange. Comparative analysis of 79 phages of Gordonia shows them to not only be highly diverse, but to present a spectrum of relatedness. Most are distantly related to phages of the phylogenetically proximal host Mycobacterium smegmatis , although one group of Gordonia phages is more closely related to mycobacteriophages than to the other Gordonia phages. Phage genome sequence space remains largely unexplored, but further isolation and genomic comparison of phages targeted at related groups of hosts promise to reveal pathways of bacteriophage evolution. Copyright © 2017 Pope et al.

Shared atypical default mode and salience network functional connectivity between autism and schizophrenia.

PubMed

Chen, Heng; Uddin, Lucina Q; Duan, Xujun; Zheng, Junjie; Long, Zhiliang; Zhang, Youxue; Guo, Xiaonan; Zhang, Yan; Zhao, Jingping; Chen, Huafu

2017-11-01

Schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are two prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders sharing some similar genetic basis and clinical features. The extent to which they share common neural substrates remains unclear. Resting-state fMRI data were collected from 35 drug-naïve adolescent participants with first-episode schizophrenia (15.6 ± 1.8 years old) and 31 healthy controls (15.4 ± 1.6 years old). Data from 22 participants with ASD (13.1 ± 3.1 years old) and 21 healthy controls (12.9 ± 2.9 years old) were downloaded from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange. Resting-state functional networks were constructed using predefined regions of interest. Multivariate pattern analysis combined with multi-task regression feature selection methods were conducted in two datasets separately. Classification between individuals with disorders and controls was achieved with high accuracy (schizophrenia dataset: accuracy = 83%; ASD dataset: accuracy = 80%). Shared atypical brain connections contributing to classification were mostly present in the default mode network (DMN) and salience network (SN). These functional connections were further related to severity of social deficits in ASD (p = 0.002). Distinct atypical connections were also more related to the DMN and SN, but showed different atypical connectivity patterns between the two disorders. These results suggest some common neural mechanisms contributing to schizophrenia and ASD, and may aid in understanding the pathology of these two neurodevelopmental disorders. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1776-1786. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia are two common neurodevelopmental disorders which share several genetic and behavioral features. The present study identified common neural mechanisms contributing to ASD and schizophrenia using resting-state functional MRI data. The results may help to understand the pathology of these two neurodevelopmental disorders. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Probabilistic Perception, Empathy, and Dynamic Homeostasis: Insights in Autism Spectrum Disorders and Conduct Disorders

PubMed Central

Guilé, Jean Marc

2013-01-01

Homeostasis is not a permanent and stable state but instead results from conflicting forces. Therefore, infants have to engage in dynamic exchanges with their environment, in biological, cognitive, and affective domains. Empathy is an adaptive response to these environmental challenges, which contributes to reaching proper dynamic homeostasis and development. Empathy relies on implicit interactive processes, namely probabilistic perception and synchrony, which will be reviewed in the article. If typically-developed neonates are fully equipped to automatically and synchronously interact with their human environment, conduct disorders (CD) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) present with impairments in empathetic communication, e.g., emotional arousal and facial emotion processing. In addition sensorimotor resonance is lacking in ASD, and emotional concern and semantic empathy are impaired in CD with Callous-Unemotional traits. PMID:24479115

Noise suppression for micromechanical resonator via intrinsic dynamic feedback

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ian, Hou; Gong, Zhi-Rui; Sun, Chang-Pu

2008-09-01

We study a dynamic mechanism to passively suppress the thermal noise of a micromechanical resonator through an intrinsic self-feedback that is genuinely non-Markovian. We use two coupled resonators, one as the target resonator and the other as an ancillary resonator, to illustrate the mechanism and its noise reduction effect. The intrinsic feedback is realized through the dynamics of coupling between the two resonators: the motions of the target resonator and the ancillary resonator mutually inthence each other in a cyclic fashion. Specifically, the states that the target resonator has attained earlier will affect the state it attains later due to the presence of the ancillary resonator. We show that the feedback mechanism will bring forth the effect of noise suppression in the spectrum of displacement, but not in the spectrum of momentum.

Budget Allocation in a Competitive Communication Spectrum Economy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lin, Ming-Hua; Tsai, Jung-Fa; Ye, Yinyu

2009-12-01

This study discusses how to adjust "monetary budget" to meet each user's physical power demand, or balance all individual utilities in a competitive "spectrum market" of a communication system. In the market, multiple users share a common frequency or tone band and each of them uses the budget to purchase its own transmit power spectra (taking others as given) in maximizing its Shannon utility or pay-off function that includes the effect of interferences. A market equilibrium is a budget allocation, price spectrum, and tone power distribution that independently and simultaneously maximizes each user's utility. The equilibrium conditions of the market are formulated and analyzed, and the existence of an equilibrium is proved. Computational results and comparisons between the competitive equilibrium and Nash equilibrium solutions are also presented, which show that the competitive market equilibrium solution often provides more efficient power distribution.

Secure Network-Centric Aviation Communication (SNAC)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Nelson, Paul H.; Muha, Mark A.; Sheehe, Charles J.

2017-01-01

The existing National Airspace System (NAS) communications capabilities are largely unsecured, are not designed for efficient use of spectrum and collectively are not capable of servicing the future needs of the NAS with the inclusion of new operators in Unmanned Aviation Systems (UAS) or On Demand Mobility (ODM). SNAC will provide a ubiquitous secure, network-based communications architecture that will provide new service capabilities and allow for the migration of current communications to SNAC over time. The necessary change in communication technologies to digital domains will allow for the adoption of security mechanisms, sharing of link technologies, large increase in spectrum utilization, new forms of resilience and redundancy and the possibly of spectrum reuse. SNAC consists of a long term open architectural approach with increasingly capable designs used to steer research and development and enable operating capabilities that run in parallel with current NAS systems.

77 FR 30423 - Innovation in the Broadcast Television Bands: Allocations, Channel Sharing and Improvements to...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-23

... uses. This action serves to further address the nation's growing demand for wireless broadband services... keeps pace with the global wireless revolution. At the same time, the approach helps preserve broadcast... National Broadband Plan to repurpose spectrum from the U/V bands for new wireless broadband uses through...

Prevention of Obesity and Eating Disorders: A Consideration of Shared Risk Factors

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Haines, Jess; Neumark-Sztainer, Dianne

2006-01-01

In response to the high prevalence of obesity, eating disorders and disordered eating behaviors among youth, researchers in both the obesity and eating disorders fields have proposed using an integrated approach to prevention that addresses the spectrum of weight-related disorders within interventions. The identification of risk factors that are…

Modulation for terrestrial broadcasting of digital HDTV

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kohn, Elliott S.

1991-01-01

The digital modulation methods used by the DigiCipher, DSC-HDTV, ADTV, and ATVA-P digital high-definition television (HDTV) systems are discussed. Three of the systems use a quadrature amplitude modulation method, and the fourth uses a vestigial sideband modulation method. The channel equalization and spectrum sharing of the digital HDTV systems is discussed.

Secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and severe sepsis/systemic inflammatory response syndrome/multiorgan dysfunction syndrome/macrophage activation syndrome share common intermediate phenotypes on a spectrum of infla

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

In an effort to attain earlier diagnoses in children with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), the International Histiocyte Society has now broadened their diagnostic criteria to no longer differentiate primary (HLH) and secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (SHLH). Five of the following...

78 FR 31540 - Information Collection Being Submitted for Review and Approval to the Office of Management and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-24

.... Obligation to Respond: Required to obtain or retain benefits. Statutory authority for this information... through the FCC cost-sharing plan administered by the clearinghouses will be required to retain records.... These proposed rules were designed to provide for flexible use of this spectrum, to encourage innovation...

Preserving the Global Environment: The Challenge of Shared Leadership.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Matthews, Jessica Tuchman, Ed.

In April of 1990, a three-day conference was convened at which 76 men and women from 18 countries representing a spectrum of government, business, labor, academia, the media, and the professions gathered to discuss how the United State should reorient its policies and relations toward other countries and international institutions to preserve the…

78 FR 5310 - Relocation of and Spectrum Sharing by Federal Government Stations-Technical Panel and Dispute...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-25

...--The Wireless Association (CTIA); Comments of Ericsson, Inc. (Ericsson); Comments of Squire Sanders (US... promptly develop such plans, because OMB is not authorized to make any transfers from the Fund unless the... plans. See CTIA Comments at 7 (``Technical information such as transmitter power, receiver performance...

Comparative “omics” of the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex highlights differences in genetic potential and metabolite synthesis

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Species of the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex (FFC) cause a wide spectrum of often devastating diseases on diverse agricultural crops, including coffee, fig, mango, maize, rice, and sugarcane. Although species within the FFC are difficult to distinguish by morphology, and their genes often share...

Innovative Uses of IT Applications in STEM Classrooms: A Preliminary Review of ITEST Teacher Professional Development

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Parker, Caroline E.; Stylinski, Cathlyn; Darrah, Marjorie; McAuliffe, Carla; Gupta, Preeti

2010-01-01

The National Science Foundation (NSF) Innovative Technology Experiences for Students and Teachers (ITEST) program provides a unique opportunity to assess a broad spectrum of professional development projects that share key characteristics but were designed to meet distinct local school and community contexts. To better understand how innovative…

Impaired Overt Facial Mimicry in Response to Dynamic Facial Expressions in High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorders

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yoshimura, Sayaka; Sato, Wataru; Uono, Shota; Toichi, Motomi

2015-01-01

Previous electromyographic studies have reported that individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) exhibited atypical patterns of facial muscle activity in response to facial expression stimuli. However, whether such activity is expressed in visible facial mimicry remains unknown. To investigate this issue, we videotaped facial responses in…

Do Reciprocal Associations Exist between Social and Language Pathways in Preschoolers with Autism Spectrum Disorders?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bennett, Teresa A.; Szatmari, Peter; Georgiades, Katholiki; Hanna, Steven; Janus, Magdelena; Georgiades, Stelios; Duku, Eric; Bryson, Susan; Fombonne, Eric; Smith, Isabel M.; Mirenda, Pat; Volden, Joanne; Waddell, Charlotte; Roberts, Wendy; Vaillancourt, Tracy; Zwaigenbaum, Lonnie; Elsabbagh, Mayada; Thompson, Ann

2015-01-01

Background: Differences in how developmental pathways interact dynamically in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) likely contribute in important ways to phenotypic heterogeneity. This study aimed to model longitudinal reciprocal associations between social competence (SOC) and language (LANG) pathways in young children with ASD. Methods:…

Parenting Stress Reduces the Effectiveness of Early Teaching Interventions for Autistic Spectrum Disorders

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Osborne, Lisa A.; McHugh, Louise; Saunders, Jo; Reed, Phil

2008-01-01

This community-based study examined the influence of early teaching interventions on children diagnosed with Autistic Spectrum Disorders, and the dynamics between the time intensity of the interventions and parenting stress, on child outcomes. Intellectual, educational, and adaptive behavior and social functioning were all measured. Sixty-five…

Polaronic exciton behavior in gas-phase water

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Udal'tsov, Alexander V.

2018-03-01

Features of the absorption spectrum of gas-phase water in the energy range 7-10 eV have been considered applying polaronic exciton theory. The interaction of the incident photon generating polaronic exciton in water is described taking into account angular momentum of the electron so that polaronic exciton radii have been estimated in dependence on spin-orbit coupling under proton sharing. The suggested approach admits an estimate of kinetic and rotation energies of the polaronic exciton. As a result sixteen steps of half Compton wavelength, λC/2 = h/(2mec) changing polaronic exciton radius were found consistent with local maxima and shoulders in the spectrum. Thus, the absorption of gas-phase water in the energy range 8.5-10 eV has been interpreted in terms of polaronic exciton rotation mainly coupled with the proton sharing. The incident photon interaction with water is also considered in terms of Compton interaction, when the rotation energy plays a role like the energy loss of the incident photon under Compton scattering. The found symmetry and the other evidence allowed to conclude about polaronic exciton migration under the interaction angle 90°.

Genetic architecture of plant stress resistance: multi-trait genome-wide association mapping.

PubMed

Thoen, Manus P M; Davila Olivas, Nelson H; Kloth, Karen J; Coolen, Silvia; Huang, Ping-Ping; Aarts, Mark G M; Bac-Molenaar, Johanna A; Bakker, Jaap; Bouwmeester, Harro J; Broekgaarden, Colette; Bucher, Johan; Busscher-Lange, Jacqueline; Cheng, Xi; Fradin, Emilie F; Jongsma, Maarten A; Julkowska, Magdalena M; Keurentjes, Joost J B; Ligterink, Wilco; Pieterse, Corné M J; Ruyter-Spira, Carolien; Smant, Geert; Testerink, Christa; Usadel, Björn; van Loon, Joop J A; van Pelt, Johan A; van Schaik, Casper C; van Wees, Saskia C M; Visser, Richard G F; Voorrips, Roeland; Vosman, Ben; Vreugdenhil, Dick; Warmerdam, Sonja; Wiegers, Gerrie L; van Heerwaarden, Joost; Kruijer, Willem; van Eeuwijk, Fred A; Dicke, Marcel

2017-02-01

Plants are exposed to combinations of various biotic and abiotic stresses, but stress responses are usually investigated for single stresses only. Here, we investigated the genetic architecture underlying plant responses to 11 single stresses and several of their combinations by phenotyping 350 Arabidopsis thaliana accessions. A set of 214 000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was screened for marker-trait associations in genome-wide association (GWA) analyses using tailored multi-trait mixed models. Stress responses that share phytohormonal signaling pathways also share genetic architecture underlying these responses. After removing the effects of general robustness, for the 30 most significant SNPs, average quantitative trait locus (QTL) effect sizes were larger for dual stresses than for single stresses. Plants appear to deploy broad-spectrum defensive mechanisms influencing multiple traits in response to combined stresses. Association analyses identified QTLs with contrasting and with similar responses to biotic vs abiotic stresses, and below-ground vs above-ground stresses. Our approach allowed for an unprecedented comprehensive genetic analysis of how plants deal with a wide spectrum of stress conditions. © 2016 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2016 New Phytologist Trust.

Energy-absorption spectroscopy of unitary Fermi gases in a uniform potential

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Pengfei; Yu, Zhenhua

2018-04-01

We propose to use the energy absorption spectroscopy to measure the kinetic coefficients of unitary Fermi gases in a uniform potential. We show that, in our scheme, the energy absorption spectrum is proportional to the dynamic structure factor of the system. The profile of the spectrum depends on the shear viscosity η , the thermal conductivity κ , and the superfluid bulk viscosity ξ3. We show that extraction of these coefficients from the spectrum is achievable in present experiments.

Dynamic fair node spectrum allocation for ad hoc networks using random matrices

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rahmes, Mark; Lemieux, George; Chester, Dave; Sonnenberg, Jerry

2015-05-01

Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) is widely seen as a solution to the problem of limited spectrum, because of its ability to adapt the operating frequency of a radio. Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) can extend high-capacity mobile communications over large areas where fixed and tethered-mobile systems are not available. In one use case with high potential impact, cognitive radio employs spectrum sensing to facilitate the identification of allocated frequencies not currently accessed by their primary users. Primary users own the rights to radiate at a specific frequency and geographic location, while secondary users opportunistically attempt to radiate at a specific frequency when the primary user is not using it. We populate a spatial radio environment map (REM) database with known information that can be leveraged in an ad hoc network to facilitate fair path use of the DSA-discovered links. Utilization of high-resolution geospatial data layers in RF propagation analysis is directly applicable. Random matrix theory (RMT) is useful in simulating network layer usage in nodes by a Wishart adjacency matrix. We use the Dijkstra algorithm for discovering ad hoc network node connection patterns. We present a method for analysts to dynamically allocate node-node path and link resources using fair division. User allocation of limited resources as a function of time must be dynamic and based on system fairness policies. The context of fair means that first available request for an asset is not envied as long as it is not yet allocated or tasked in order to prevent cycling of the system. This solution may also save money by offering a Pareto efficient repeatable process. We use a water fill queue algorithm to include Shapley value marginal contributions for allocation.

Entanglement complexity in quantum many-body dynamics, thermalization, and localization

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, Zhi-Cheng; Hamma, Alioscia; Giampaolo, Salvatore M.; Mucciolo, Eduardo R.; Chamon, Claudio

2017-07-01

Entanglement is usually quantified by von Neumann entropy, but its properties are much more complex than what can be expressed with a single number. We show that the three distinct dynamical phases known as thermalization, Anderson localization, and many-body localization are marked by different patterns of the spectrum of the reduced density matrix for a state evolved after a quantum quench. While the entanglement spectrum displays Poisson statistics for the case of Anderson localization, it displays universal Wigner-Dyson statistics for both the cases of many-body localization and thermalization, albeit the universal distribution is asymptotically reached within very different time scales in these two cases. We further show that the complexity of entanglement, revealed by the possibility of disentangling the state through a Metropolis-like algorithm, is signaled by whether the entanglement spectrum level spacing is Poisson or Wigner-Dyson distributed.

Temperature dependent structural and dynamical properties of liquid Cu80Si20 binary alloy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Suthar, P. H.; Shah, A. K.; Gajjar, P. N.

2018-05-01

Ashcroft and Langreth binary structure factor have been used to study for pair correlation function and the study of dynamical variable: velocity auto correlation functions, power spectrum and mean square displacement calculated based on the static harmonic well approximation in liquid Cu80Si20 binary alloy at wide temperature range (1140K, 1175K, 1210K, 1250K, 1373K, 1473K.). The effective interaction for the binary alloy is computed by our well established local pseudopotential along with the exchange and correction functions Sarkar et al(S). The negative dip in velocity auto correlation decreases as the various temperature is increases. For power spectrum as temperature increases, the peak of power spectrum shifts toward lower ω. Good agreement with the experiment is observed for the pair correlation functions. Velocity auto correlation showing the transferability of the local pseudopotential used for metallic liquid environment in the case of copper based binary alloys.

Comparison of psychopathological dimensions between major depressive disorder and schizophrenia spectrum disorders focusing on language, affectivity and motor behavior.

PubMed

Steinau, Sarah; Stegmayer, Katharina; Lang, Fabian U; Jäger, Markus; Strik, Werner; Walther, Sebastian

2017-04-01

This study tested whether patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and schizophrenia spectrum disorders would differ in three dimensions of psychopathology (language, affectivity and motor behavior) as assessed by the Bern Psychopathology Scale (BPS) in a cohort of 58 patients with MDD and 146 patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. The overall estimation of severity of each of the three dimensions was rated on a seven-point Likert scale from severely inhibited to severely disinhibited. Here, more than half of the patients endorsed ratings that showed normal or mildly (dis-)inhibited behavior. At group level more pronounced negative ratings of affect were seen in MDD. Group comparisons of the severity ratings on language or motor behavior yielded no differences between schizophrenia spectrum disorders and MDD. At the individuals' levels, extreme ratings in the language and motor dimensions were more frequent in schizophrenia spectrum disorders and in the affectivity dimension more frequent in MDD. Shared psychopathological features could be seen across diagnoses, supporting a dimensional approach to psychopathology in endogenous psychoses. However, the groups differ in the severity of affect ratings as well as in the distribution of language, affectivity and motor ratings with more variance among the group of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Langevin synchronization in a time-dependent, harmonic basin: An exact solution in 1D

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cadilhe, A.; Voter, Arthur F.

2018-02-01

The trajectories of two particles undergoing Langevin dynamics while sharing a common noise sequence can merge into a single (master) trajectory. Here, we present an exact solution for a particle undergoing Langevin dynamics in a harmonic, time-dependent potential, thus extending the idea of synchronization to nonequilibrium systems. We calculate the synchronization level, i.e., the mismatch between two trajectories sharing a common noise sequence, in the underdamped, critically damped, and overdamped regimes. Finally, we provide asymptotic expansions in various limiting cases and compare to the time independent case.

Fecal Carriage of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases in Healthy Humans, Poultry, and Wild Birds in León, Nicaragua-A Shared Pool of blaCTX-M Genes and Possible Interspecies Clonal Spread of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases-Producing Escherichia coli.

PubMed

Hasan, Badrul; Laurell, Karl; Rakib, Mufti Mahmud; Ahlstedt, Erik; Hernandez, Jorge; Caceres, Mercedes; Järhult, Josef D

2016-12-01

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are a major concern in the healthcare of today, especially the increasing number of gram-negative bacteria producing β-lactamases such as extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs). However, little is known about the relationship of ESBL producers in humans and domestic and wild birds, especially in a low-income setting. Therefore, we studied the fecal carriage of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in healthy humans, poultry, and wild birds in the vicinity of León, Nicaragua. Three hundred fecal samples were collected during December 2012 from humans (n = 100), poultry (n = 100) and wild birds (n = 100). The samples were examined for ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae, revealing the prevalence of 27% in humans, 13% in poultry, and 8% in wild birds. Further characterization of the ESBL-producing isolates was performed through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (NDM, CTX-M), epidemiological typing (ERIC2-PCR), multilocus sequence typing, and sequencing. ESBL producers harbored bla CTX-M-2 , bla CTX-M-15 , bla CTX-M-22 , and bla CTX-M-3 genotypes. The bla CTX-M-15 constituted the absolute majority of ESBL genes among all samples. ERIC-PCR demonstrated highly related E. coli clones among humans, poultry, and wild birds. Clinically relevant E. coli clone ST648 was found in humans and poultry. There is a shared pool of bla CTX-M genes between humans and domesticated and wild birds in Nicaragua, and the results suggest shared clones of ESBL-producing E. coli. The study adds to the notion that wild birds and poultry can pick up antibiotic-resistant bacteria of human origin and function as a melting pot of resistance. Structured surveillance programs of antimicrobial resistance and a more regulated prescription of antibiotics are warranted in Nicaragua.

Parameter Impact on Sharing Studies Between UAS CNPC Satellite Transmitters and Terrestrial Systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kerczewski, Robert J.; Wilson, Jeffrey D.; Bishop, William D.

2015-01-01

In order to provide a control and non-payload communication (CNPC) link for civil-use unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) when operating in beyond-line-of-sight (BLOS) conditions, satellite communication links are generally required. The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has determined that the CNPC link must operate over protected aviation safety spectrum allocations. Although a suitable allocation exists in the 5030-5091 MHz band, no satellites provide operations in this band and none are currently planned. In order to avoid a very lengthy delay in the deployment of UAS in BLOS conditions, it has been proposed to use existing satellites operating in the Fixed Satellite Service (FSS), of which many operate in several spectrum bands. Regulatory actions by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) are needed to enable such a use on an international basis, and indeed Agenda Item (AI) 1.5 for the 2015 World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC) was established to decide on the enactment of possible regulatory provisions. As part of the preparation for AI 1.5, studies on the sharing FSS bands between existing services and CNPC for UAS are being contributed by NASA and others. These studies evaluate the potential impact of satellite CNPC transmitters operating from UAS on other in-band services, and on the potential impact of other in-band services on satellite CNPC receivers operating on UAS platforms. Such studies are made more complex by the inclusion of what are essentially moving FSS earth stations, compared to typical sharing studies between fixed elements. Hence, the process of determining the appropriate technical parameters for the studies meets with difficulty. In order to enable a sharing study to be completed in a less-than-infinite amount of time, the number of parameters exercised must be greatly limited. Therefore, understanding the impact of various parameter choices is accomplished through selectivity analyses. In the case of sharing studies for AI 1.5, identification of worst-case parameters allows the studies to be focused on worst-case scenarios with assurance that other parameter combinations will yield comparatively better results and therefore do not need to be fully analyzed. In this paper, the results of such sensitivity analyses are presented for the case of sharing between UAS CNPC satellite transmitters and terrestrial receivers using the Fixed Service (FS) operating in the same bands, and the implications of these analyses on sharing study results.

Understanding the Effects of Team Cognition Associated with Complex Engineering Tasks: Dynamics of Shared Mental Models, Task-SMM, and Team-SMM

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lee, Miyoung; Johnson, Tristan E.

2008-01-01

This study investigates how shared mental models (SMMs) change over time in teams of students in a manufacturing engineering course. A complex ill-structured project was given to each team. The objective of the team project was to analyze, test, and propose ways to improve their given manufactured product. Shared mental models were measured in…

Creativity and psychopathology: a shared vulnerability model.

PubMed

Carson, Shelley H

2011-03-01

Creativity is considered a positive personal trait. However, highly creative people have demonstrated elevated risk for certain forms of psychopathology, including mood disorders, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and alcoholism. A model of shared vulnerability explains the relation between creativity and psychopathology. This model, supported by recent findings from neuroscience and molecular genetics, suggests that the biological determinants conferring risk for psychopathology interact with protective cognitive factors to enhance creative ideation. Elements of shared vulnerability include cognitive disinhibition (which allows more stimuli into conscious awareness), an attentional style driven by novelty salience, and neural hyperconnectivity that may increase associations among disparate stimuli. These vulnerabilities interact with superior meta-cognitive protective factors, such as high IQ, increased working memory capacity, and enhanced cognitive flexibility, to enlarge the range and depth of stimuli available in conscious awareness to be manipulated and combined to form novel and original ideas.

Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access for Ubiquitous Wireless Sensor Networks.

PubMed

Anwar, Asim; Seet, Boon-Chong; Ding, Zhiguo

2018-02-08

Ubiquitous wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) have become a critical technology for enabling smart cities and other ubiquitous monitoring applications. Their deployment, however, can be seriously hampered by the spectrum available to the sheer number of sensors for communication. To support the communication needs of UWSNs without requiring more spectrum resources, the power-domain non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) technique originally proposed for 5th Generation (5G) cellular networks is investigated for UWSNs for the first time in this paper. However, unlike 5G networks that operate in the licensed spectrum, UWSNs mostly operate in unlicensed spectrum where sensors also experience cross-technology interferences from other devices sharing the same spectrum. In this paper, we model the interferences from various sources at the sensors using stochastic geometry framework. To evaluate the performance, we derive a theorem and present new closed form expression for the outage probability of the sensors in a downlink scenario under interference limited environment. In addition, diversity analysis for the ordered NOMA users is performed. Based on the derived outage probability, we evaluate the average link throughput and energy consumption efficiency of NOMA against conventional orthogonal multiple access (OMA) technique in UWSNs. Further, the required computational complexity for the NOMA users is presented.

Strategic memory in adults with anorexia nervosa: are there similarities to obsessive compulsive spectrum disorders?

PubMed

Sherman, Bonnie J; Savage, Cary R; Eddy, Kamryn T; Blais, Mark A; Deckersbach, Thilo; Jackson, Safia C; Franko, Debra L; Rauch, Scott L; Herzog, David B

2006-09-01

There is growing interest in the relationship between anorexia nervosa (AN) and obsessive-compulsive (OC) spectrum disorders (e.g., OCD, body dysmorphic disorder [BDD]). Previous neuropsychological investigations of OC spectrum disorders have identified problems with the efficient use of strategy on complex measures of learning and memory. This study evaluated nonverbal strategic memory in AN outpatients using an approach previously applied to OC spectrum disorders. Eighteen patients with AN and 19 healthy control participants completed the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (RCFT), a widely used measure of nonverbal strategic planning, learning, and memory. Individuals with AN differed significantly from healthy controls in the organizational strategies used to copy the RCFT figure, and they recalled significantly less information on both immediate and delayed testing. Multiple regression analyses indicated that group differences in learning were mediated by copy organizational strategies. These results are identical to study findings in OCD and BDD, indicating important shared neuropsychological features among AN and these OC spectrum disorders. As in OCD and BDD, the essential cognitive deficit in AN was impaired use of organizational strategies, which may inform our understanding of the pathophysiology of AN and potentially offer treatment implications. Copyright (c) 2006 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

A high dynamic range method for the direct readout of a dynamic phase change in homodyne interferometers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Marçal, L. A. P.; Kitano, C.; Higuti, R. T.; Nader, G.; Silva, E. C. N.

2012-12-01

Piezoelectric flextensional actuators (PFAs) are an efficient alternative to systems that demand nano-positioning of devices, such as in nanotechnology. Optical techniques constitute an excellent choice for contactless measurement of nano-displacements. In particular, optical interferometry constitutes an adequate choice for characterizing PFAs. There are several types of interferometers, as well as optical phase demodulation methods, used in practice. One interesting class of demodulation methods uses the spectrum of the photo-detected signal and its intrinsic properties when there is a harmonically varying time-domain modulating signal. In this work, a low cost homodyne Michelson interferometer, associated with simple electronic circuits for signal conditioning and acquisition, is used. A novel dynamic phase demodulation method, named Jm&Jm + 2, is proposed, which uses only the magnitude spectrum of the photo-detected signal, without the need to know its phase spectrum. The method is passive, direct, self-consistent, without problems of phase ambiguity and immune to fading, and presents a dynamic range from 0.45 to 100 rad displacements (between 22.6 nm and 5 µm, for λ = 632.8 nm). When applied to the measurement of half-wave voltage in a proof-of-concept Pockels cell, it presents errors smaller than 0.9% when compared to theory. For the estimation of PFA displacement, it allows the measurement of linearity and frequency response curves, with excellent results.

Temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of gas-liquid two-phase flow pattern based on image texture spectrum descriptor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhou, Xi-Guo; Jin, Ning-De; Wang, Zhen-Ya; Zhang, Wen-Yin

2009-11-01

The dynamic image information of typical gas-liquid two-phase flow patterns in vertical upward pipe is captured by a highspeed dynamic camera. The texture spectrum descriptor is used to describe the texture characteristics of the processed images whose content is represented in the form of texture spectrum histogram, and four time-varying characteristic parameter indexes which represent image texture structure of different flow patterns are extracted. The study results show that the amplitude fluctuation of texture characteristic parameter indexes of bubble flow is lowest and shows very random complex dynamic behavior; the amplitude fluctuation of slug flow is higher and shows intermittent motion behavior between gas slug and liquid slug, and the amplitude fluctuation of churn flow is the highest and shows better periodicity; the amplitude fluctuation of bubble-slug flow is from low to high and oscillating frequence is higher than that of slug flow, and includes the features of both slug flow and bubble flow; the slug-churn flow loses the periodicity of slug flow and churn flow, and the amplitude fluctuation is high. The results indicate that the image texture characteristic parameter indexes of different flow pattern can reflect the flow characteristics of gas-liquid two-phase flow, which provides a new approach to understand the temporal and spatial evolution of flow pattern dynamics.

Rotation of Guanine Amino Groups in G-Quadruplexes: A Probe for Local Structure and Ligand Binding.

PubMed

Adrian, Michael; Winnerdy, Fernaldo Richtia; Heddi, Brahim; Phan, Anh Tuân

2017-08-22

Nucleic acids are dynamic molecules whose functions may depend on their conformational fluctuations and local motions. In particular, amino groups are dynamic components of nucleic acids that participate in the formation of various secondary structures such as G-quadruplexes. Here, we present a cost-efficient NMR method to quantify the rotational dynamics of guanine amino groups in G-quadruplex nucleic acids. An isolated spectrum of amino protons from a specific tetrad-bound guanine can be extracted from the nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy spectrum based on the close proximity between the intra-residue imino and amino protons. We apply the method in different structural contexts of G-quadruplexes and their complexes. Our results highlight the role of stacking and hydrogen-bond interactions in restraining amino-group rotation. The measurement of the rotation rate of individual amino groups could give insight into the dynamic processes occurring at specific locations within G-quadruplex nucleic acids, providing valuable probes for local structure, dynamics, and ligand binding. Copyright © 2017 Biophysical Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Ratcheting rotation or speedy spinning: EPR and dynamics of Sc3C2@C80.

PubMed

Roukala, Juho; Straka, Michal; Taubert, Stefan; Vaara, Juha; Lantto, Perttu

2017-08-08

Besides their technological applications, endohedral fullerenes provide ideal conditions for investigating molecular dynamics in restricted geometries. A representative of this class of systems, Sc 3 C 2 @C 80 displays complex intramolecular dynamics. The motion of the 45 Sc trimer has a remarkable effect on its electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrum, which changes from a symmetric 22-peak pattern at high temperature to a single broad lineshape at low temperature. The scandium trimer consists of two equivalent and one inequivalent metal atom, due to the carbon dimer rocking through the Sc 3 triangle. We demonstrate through first-principles molecular dynamics (MD), EPR parameter tensor averaging, and spectral modelling that, at high temperatures, three-dimensional movement of the enclosed Sc 3 C 2 moiety takes place, which renders the metal centers equivalent and their magnetic parameters effectively isotropic. In contrast, at low temperatures the dynamics becomes restricted to two dimensions within the equatorial belt of the I h symmetric C 80 host fullerene. This restores the inequivalence of the scandium centers and causes their anisotropic hyperfine couplings to broaden the experimental spectrum.

Make Task Constraints Work for You: Teaching Object-Control Skills to Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Colombo-Dougovito, Andrew M.; Block, Martin

2016-01-01

Teaching object-control skills to students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can be difficult due to the unique challenges posed by the individual; however, it is necessary for the students' future success and ability to perform physical activities. Utilizing concepts from dynamic systems theory and Newell's constraint approach, object-control…

Interceptive Skills in Children Aged 9-11 Years, Diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Whyatt, Caroline; Craig, Cathy M.

2013-01-01

Growing evidence suggests that significant motor problems are associated with a diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), particularly in catching tasks. Catching is a complex, dynamic skill that involves the ability to synchronise one's own movement to that of a moving target. To successfully complete the task, the participant must pick up…

Design Approach of Mathematics Learning Activities in a Digital Environment for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Santos, Maria Isabel; Breda, Ana; Almeida, Ana Margarida

2017-01-01

Learning environment on mathematics for autistic children is a prototype of a digital environment with dynamic adaptation features designed to offer activities towards the development of mathematical reasoning in children aged 6-12 years, diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in…

Enhancing the Motor Skills of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Pool-Based Approach

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lee, Jihyun; Porretta, David L.

2013-01-01

Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) often experience difficulties with motor skill learning and performance. The pool is a unique learning environment that can help children with ASDs learn or improve aquatic skills, fitness, and social skills. A pool-based approach is also aligned with the elements of dynamic systems theory, which…

Multiline Transfer and the Dynamics of Stellar Winds

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Abbott, D. C.; Lucy, L. B.

1985-01-01

A Monte Carlo technique for treating multiline transfer in stellar winds is described. With a line list containing many thousands of transitions and with fairly realistic treatments of ionization, excitation and line formation, the resulting code allows the dynamic effects of overlapping lines the investigation of and provides the means to directly synthesize the complete spectrum of a star and its wind. It is found that the computed mass loss rate for data Puppis agrees with the observed rate. The synthesized spectrum of zeta Puppis also agrees with observational data. This confirms that line driving is the dominant acceleration mechanism in this star's wind.

Ultra-sensitive wide dynamic range temperature sensor based on in-fiber Lyot interferometer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nikbakht, Hamed; Poorghdiri Isfahani, Mohamad Hosein; Latifi, Hamid

2017-04-01

An in-fiber Lyot interferometer for temperature measurement is presented. The sensor utilizes high temperature-dependence of the birefringence in Panda polarization maintaining fibers to achieve high resolution in temperature measurements. Temperature variation modulates the phase difference between the polarization modes propagating in different modes of the Panda fiber. The Lyot interferometer produces a spectrum which varies with the phase difference. Therefore, by monitoring this spectrum a high resolution of 0.003°C was achieved. A fiber Bragg grating is added to the setup to expand its dynamic range. This sensor does not need complicated fabrication process and can be implemented in many applications.

The two-stage dynamics in the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam problem: From regular to diffusive behavior

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ponno, A.; Christodoulidi, H.; Skokos, Ch.; Flach, S.

2011-12-01

A numerical and analytical study of the relaxation to equilibrium of both the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam (FPU) α-model and the integrable Toda model, when the fundamental mode is initially excited, is reported. We show that the dynamics of both systems is almost identical on the short term, when the energies of the initially unexcited modes grow in geometric progression with time, through a secular avalanche process. At the end of this first stage of the dynamics, the time-averaged modal energy spectrum of the Toda system stabilizes to its final profile, well described, at low energy, by the spectrum of a q-breather. The Toda equilibrium state is clearly shown to describe well the long-living quasi-state of the FPU system. On the long term, the modal energy spectrum of the FPU system slowly detaches from the Toda one by a diffusive-like rising of the tail modes, and eventually reaches the equilibrium flat shape. We find a simple law describing the growth of tail modes, which enables us to estimate the time-scale to equipartition of the FPU system, even when, at small energies, it becomes unobservable.

Genetic Advances in Autism: Heterogeneity and Convergence on Shared Pathways

PubMed Central

Bill, Brent R.; Geschwind, Daniel H.

2009-01-01

The autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a heterogeneous set of developmental disorders characterized at their core by deficits in social interaction and communication. Current psychiatric nosology groups this broad set of disorders with strong genetic liability and multiple etiologies into the same diagnostic category. This heterogeneity has challenged genetic analyses. But shared patient resources, genomic technologies, more refined phenotypes, and novel computational approaches have begun to yield dividends in defining the genetic mechanisms at work. Over the last five years, a large number of autism susceptibility loci have emerged, redefining our notion of autism’s etiologies, and reframing how we think about ASD. PMID:19477629

Research activities of the Geodynamics Branch

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kahn, W. D. (Editor); Cohen, S. C. (Editor)

1984-01-01

A broad spectrum of geoscience disciplines including space geodesy, geopotential field modeling, tectonophysics, and dynamic oceanography are discussed. The NASA programs, include the Geodynamics and Ocean Programs, the Crustal Dynamics Project, the proposed Ocean Topography Experiment (TOPEX), and the Geopotential Research Mission (GRM). The papers are grouped into chapters on Crustal Movements, Global Earth Dynamics, Gravity Field Model Development, Sea Surface Topography, and Advanced Studies.

Finite-temperature spin dynamics in a perturbed quantum critical Ising chain with an E₈ symmetry.

PubMed

Wu, Jianda; Kormos, Márton; Si, Qimiao

2014-12-12

A spectrum exhibiting E₈ symmetry is expected to arise when a small longitudinal field is introduced in the transverse-field Ising chain at its quantum critical point. Evidence for this spectrum has recently come from neutron scattering measurements in cobalt niobate, a quasi-one-dimensional Ising ferromagnet. Unlike its zero-temperature counterpart, the finite-temperature dynamics of the model has not yet been determined. We study the dynamical spin structure factor of the model at low frequencies and nonzero temperatures, using the form factor method. Its frequency dependence is singular, but differs from the diffusion form. The temperature dependence of the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation rate has an activated form, whose prefactor we also determine. We propose NMR experiments as a means to further test the applicability of the E₈ description for CoNb₂O₆.

Different Visual Preference Patterns in Response to Simple and Complex Dynamic Social Stimuli in Preschool-Aged Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

PubMed Central

Shi, Lijuan; Zhou, Yuanyue; Ou, Jianjun; Gong, Jingbo; Wang, Suhong; Cui, Xilong; Lyu, Hailong; Zhao, Jingping; Luo, Xuerong

2015-01-01

Eye-tracking studies in young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have shown a visual attention preference for geometric patterns when viewing paired dynamic social images (DSIs) and dynamic geometric images (DGIs). In the present study, eye-tracking of two different paired presentations of DSIs and DGIs was monitored in a group of 13 children aged 4 to 6 years with ASD and 20 chronologically age-matched typically developing children (TDC). The results indicated that compared with the control group, children with ASD attended significantly less to DSIs showing two or more children playing than to similar DSIs showing a single child. Visual attention preference in 4- to 6-year-old children with ASDs, therefore, appears to be modulated by the type of visual stimuli. PMID:25781170

Billion frames per second spectrum measurement for high-repetition-rate optical pulses based on time stretching technique

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Furukawa, Hideaki; Makino, Takeshi; Asghari, Mohammad H.; Trinh, Paul; Jalali, Bahram; Wang, Xiaomin; Kobayashi, Tetsuya; Man, Wai S.; Tsang, Kwong Shing; Wada, Naoya

2017-02-01

Single-shot and long record length spectrum measurements of high-repetition-rate optical pulses are essential for research on nonlinear dynamics as well as for applications in sensing and communication. To achieve a continuous measurements we employ the Time Stretch Dispersive Fourier Transform. We show single-shot measurements of millions of sequential pulses at high repetition rate of 1 Giga spectra per second. Results were obtained using -100 ps/nm dispersive Fourier transform module and a 50 Gsample/s real-time digitizer of 16 GHz bandwidth. Single-shot spectroscopy of 1 GHz optical pulse train was achieved with the wavelength resolution of approximately 150 pm. This instrument is ideal for observation of complex nonlinear dynamics such as switching, mode locking and soliton dynamics in high repetition rate lasers.

Autism, Attention, and Alpha Oscillations: An Electrophysiological Study of Attentional Capture.

PubMed

Keehn, Brandon; Westerfield, Marissa; Müller, Ralph-Axel; Townsend, Jeanne

2017-09-01

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with deficits in adaptively orienting attention to behaviorally-relevant information. Neural oscillatory activity plays a key role in brain function and provides a high-resolution temporal marker of attention dynamics. Alpha band (8-12 Hz) activity is associated with both selecting task-relevant stimuli and filtering task-irrelevant information. The present study used electroencephalography (EEG) to examine alpha-band oscillatory activity associated with attentional capture in nineteen children with ASD and twenty-one age- and IQ-matched typically developing (TD) children. Participants completed a rapid serial visual presentation paradigm designed to investigate responses to behaviorally-relevant targets and contingent attention capture by task-irrelevant distractors, which either did or did not share a behaviorally-relevant feature. Participants also completed six minutes of eyes-open resting EEG. In contrast to their TD peers, children with ASD did not evidence posterior alpha desynchronization to behaviorally-relevant targets. Additionally, reduced target-related desynchronization and poorer target detection were associated with increased ASD symptomatology. TD children also showed behavioral and electrophysiological evidence of contingent attention capture, whereas children with ASD showed no behavioral facilitation or alpha desynchronization to distractors that shared a task-relevant feature. Lastly, children with ASD had significantly decreased resting alpha power, and for all participants increased resting alpha levels were associated with greater task-related alpha desynchronization. These results suggest that in ASD under-responsivity and impairments in orienting to salient events within their environment are reflected by atypical EEG oscillatory neurodynamics, which may signify atypical arousal levels and/or an excitatory/inhibitory imbalance.

XA23 is an executor R protein and confers broad-spectrum disease resistance in rice.

PubMed

Wang, Chunlian; Zhang, Xiaoping; Fan, Yinglun; Gao, Ying; Zhu, Qinlong; Zheng, Chongke; Qin, Tengfei; Li, Yanqiang; Che, Jinying; Zhang, Mingwei; Yang, Bing; Liu, Yaoguang; Zhao, Kaijun

2014-11-09

The majority of plant disease resistance (R) genes encode proteins that share common structural features. However, the transcription activator-like effector (TALE) associated executor type R genes show no considerable sequence homology to any known R genes. We adopted a map-based cloning approach and TALE-based technology to isolate and characterize Xa23, a new executor R gene derived from the wild rice (Oryza rufipogon) that confers an extremely broad spectrum of resistance to bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). Xa23 encodes a 113-amino acid protein that shares 50% identity to the known executor R protein XA10. The predicted transmembrane helices in XA23 also overlap with those of XA10. Unlike Xa10, however, Xa23 transcription is specifically activated by AvrXa23, a TALE present in all examined Xoo field isolates. Moreover, the susceptible xa23 allele has an identical open reading frame of Xa23, but differs in promoter region by lacking the TALE binding-element (EBE) for AvrXa23. XA23 can trigger strong hypersensitive response in rice, tobacco and tomato. Our results provide the first evidence that plant genomes have an executor R gene family in which members execute their function and spectrum of disease resistance by recognizing the cognate TALEs in pathogen. © The Author 2014. Published by the Molecular Plant Shanghai Editorial Office in association with Oxford University Press on behalf of CSPB and IPPE, SIBS, CAS.

Dynamics of Quasi-Electrostatic Whistler waves in Earth's Radiation belts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Goyal, R.; Sharma, R. P.; Gupta, D. N.

2017-12-01

A numerical model is proposed to study the dynamics of high amplitude quasi-electrostatic whistler waves propagating near resonance cone angle and their interaction with finite frequency kinetic Alfvén waves (KAWs) in Earth's radiation belts. The quasi-electrostatic character of whistlers is narrated by dynamics of wave propagating near resonance cone. A high amplitude whistler wave packet is obtained using the present analysis which has also been observed by S/WAVES instrument onboard STEREO. The numerical simulation technique employed to study the dynamics, leads to localization (channelling) of waves as well as turbulent spectrum suggesting the transfer of wave energy over a range of frequencies. The turbulent spectrum also indicates the presence of quasi-electrostatic whistlers and density fluctuations associated with KAW in radiation belts plasma. The ponderomotive force of pump quasi-electrostatic whistlers (high frequency) is used to excite relatively much lower frequency waves (KAWs). The wave localization and steeper spectra could be responsible for particle energization or heating in radiation belts.

Refinement of the experimental dynamic structure factor for liquid para-hydrogen and ortho-deuterium using semi-classical quantum simulation.

PubMed

Smith, Kyle K G; Poulsen, Jens Aage; Cunsolo, A; Rossky, Peter J

2014-01-21

The dynamic structure factor of liquid para-hydrogen and ortho-deuterium in corresponding thermodynamic states (T = 20.0 K, n = 21.24 nm(-3)) and (T = 23.0 K, n = 24.61 nm(-3)), respectively, has been computed by both the Feynman-Kleinert linearized path-integral (FK-LPI) and Ring-Polymer Molecular Dynamics (RPMD) methods and compared with Inelastic X Ray Scattering spectra. The combined use of computational and experimental methods enabled us to reduce experimental uncertainties in the determination of the true sample spectrum. Furthermore, the refined experimental spectrum of para-hydrogen and ortho-deuterium is consistently reproduced by both FK-LPI and RPMD results at momentum transfers lower than 12.8 nm(-1). At larger momentum transfers the FK-LPI results agree with experiment much better for ortho-deuterium than for para-hydrogen. More specifically we found that for k ∼ 20.0 nm(-1) para-hydrogen provides a test case for improved approximations to quantum dynamics.

Steinberg ``AUDIOMAPS" Music Appreciation-Via-Understanding: Special-Relativity + Expectations "Quantum-Theory": a Quantum-ACOUSTO/MUSICO-Dynamics (QA/MD)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Steinberg, R.; Siegel, E.

2010-03-01

``AUDIOMAPS'' music enjoyment/appreciation-via-understanding methodology, versus art, music-dynamics evolves, telling a story in (3+1)-dimensions: trails, frames, timbres, + dynamics amplitude vs. music-score time-series (formal-inverse power- spectrum) surprisingly closely parallels (3+1)-dimensional Einstein(1905) special-relativity ``+'' (with its enjoyment- expectations) a manifestation of quantum-theory expectation- values, together a music quantum-ACOUSTO/MUSICO-dynamics (QA/MD). Analysis via Derrida deconstruction enabled Siegel- Baez ``Category-Semantics'' ``FUZZYICS''=``CATEGORYICS (``SON of 'TRIZ") classic Aristotle ``Square-of-Opposition" (SoO) DEduction-logic, irrespective of Boon-Klimontovich versus Voss- Clark[PRL(77)] music power-spectrum analysis sampling- time/duration controversy: part versus whole, shows that ``AUDIOMAPS" QA/MD reigns supreme as THE music appreciation-via- analysis tool for the listener in musicology!!! Connection to Deutsch-Hartmann-Levitin[This is Your Brain on Music,(2006)] brain/mind-barrier brain/mind-music connection is both subtle and compelling and immediate!!!

Dynamic Assessment and Its Implications for RTI Models

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wagner, Richard K.; Compton, Donald L.

2011-01-01

Dynamic assessment refers to assessment that combines elements of instruction for the purpose of learning something about an individual that cannot be learned as easily or at all from conventional assessment. The origins of dynamic assessment can be traced to Thorndike (1924), Rey (1934), and Vygotsky (1962), who shared three basic assumptions.…

Transient synchrony among populations of five foliage-feeding Lepidoptera

Treesearch

Maartje J. Klapwijk; Jonathan A. Walter; Anikó Hirka; György Csóka; Christer Björkman; Andrew M. Liebhold

2018-01-01

Studies of transient population dynamics have largely focused on temporal changes in dynamical behaviour, such as the transition between periods of stability and instability. This study explores a related dynamic pattern, namely transient synchrony during a 49-year period among populations of five sympatric species of forest insects that share host tree resources. The...

Surfing on the Spectrum

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Apel, Laura

2007-01-01

Israel Paskowitz loves surfing. As a former competitive surfer, he has spent much of his life in the ocean and absorbed in a community of athletes that share a special connection with the water. Surfing is often thought of as a spiritual hobby that brings peace and relaxation to those who experience it. However, it was not until Israel's son,…

Finding Effective Intervention and Personnel Preparation Practices for Students with Autism Spectrum Disorders

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Simpson, Richard L.

2004-01-01

The CEC Research Award recognizes researchers for the significant contributions they have made to special education. We believe that the members of this distinguished group have much to share with our readers. We have invited each of them to contribute an article, addressing their perspectives on special education research and practices. Richard…

The Impact of Reading to Engage Children with Autism in Language and Learning (RECALL)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Whalon, Kelly; Martinez, Jose R.; Shannon, Darbianne; Butcher, Colleen; Hanline, Mary Frances

2015-01-01

A multiple baseline across participants design was used to investigate the impact of RECALL (Reading to Engage Children With Autism in Language and Learning) on the correct, unprompted responding and initiations of young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). RECALL is an adapted shared reading intervention based on dialogic reading. RECALL…

Enacting Attention: Concentration and Shared Focus in Montessori Classrooms

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Epstein, Paul

2012-01-01

Concentration is a "sine qua non," a hallmark, of a Montessori Casa program. Yet, it happens that some children do not concentrate. They do not engage with the materials in the classic pattern of normalization. They are not challenged by ADD, ADHD, or a variant of sensory integration spectrum disorder. Instead of working alone, they prefer the…

Increased Sensory Processing Atypicalities in Parents of Multiplex ASD Families versus Typically Developing and Simplex ASD Families

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Donaldson, Chelsea K.; Stauder, Johannes E. A.; Donkers, Franc C. L.

2017-01-01

Recent studies have suggested that sensory processing atypicalities may share genetic influences with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). To further investigate this, the adolescent/adult sensory profile (AASP) questionnaire was distributed to 85 parents of typically developing children (P-TD), 121 parents from simplex ASD families (SPX), and 54…

TLA-2, a novel Ambler class A expanded-spectrum beta-lactamase.

PubMed

Girlich, Delphine; Poirel, Laurent; Schlüter, Andreas; Nordmann, Patrice

2005-11-01

Beta-lactamase TLA-2 is encoded by a 47-kb plasmid isolated from an unidentified bacterial strain from a wastewater treatment plant. TLA-2 is an Ambler class A beta-lactamase that shares 52% amino acid identity with CGA-1 from Chryseobacterium gleum and 51% with TLA-1 from Escherichia coli. The enzyme hydrolyzes mostly cephalosporins.

Coaching Mothers of Children with Autism: A Qualitative Study for Occupational Therapy Practice

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Foster, Lauren; Dunn, Winnie; Lawson, Lisa Mische

2013-01-01

The purpose of this study was to understand the perceptions of mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who participated in 10 one-hour coaching sessions. Coaching occurred between an occupational therapist and mother and consisted of information sharing, action, and reflection. Researchers asked 10 mothers six open-ended questions…

Imitation and "Theory of Mind" Competencies in Discrimination of Autism from Other Neurodevelopmental Disorders

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Perra, Oliver; Williams, Justin H. G.; Whiten, Andrew; Fraser, Lesley; Benzie, Helen; Perrett, David I.

2008-01-01

Several studies have reported imitative deficits in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, it is still debated if imitative deficits are specific to ASD or shared with clinical groups with similar mental impairment and motor difficulties. We investigated whether imitative tasks can be used to discriminate ASD children from typically developing…

Lessons learned from studying syndromic autism spectrum disorders.

PubMed

Sztainberg, Yehezkel; Zoghbi, Huda Y

2016-10-26

Syndromic autism spectrum disorders represent a group of childhood neurological conditions, typically associated with chromosomal abnormalities or mutations in a single gene. The discovery of their genetic causes has increased our understanding of the molecular pathways critical for normal cognitive and social development. Human studies have revealed that the brain is particularly sensitive to changes in dosage of various proteins from transcriptional and translational regulators to synaptic proteins. Investigations of these disorders in animals have shed light on previously unknown pathogenic mechanisms leading to the identification of potential targets for therapeutic intervention. The demonstration of reversibility of several phenotypes in adult mice is encouraging, and brings hope that with novel therapies, skills and functionality might improve in affected children and young adults. As new research reveals points of convergence between syndromic and nonsyndromic autism spectrum disorders, we believe there will be opportunities for shared therapeutics for this class of conditions.

In vitro evaluation of stiffness and load sharing in a two-level corpectomy: comparison of static and dynamic cervical plates.

PubMed

Fogel, Guy R; Li, Zhenyu; Liu, Weiqiang; Liao, Zhenhua; Wu, Jia; Zhou, Wenyu

2010-05-01

Anterior cervical plating has been accepted in corpectomy and fusion of the cervical spine. Constrained plates were criticized for stress shielding that may lead to subsidence and pseudarthrosis. A dynamic plate allows load sharing as the graft subsides. Ideally, the dynamic plate design should maintain adequate stiffness of the construct while providing a reasonable load sharing with the strut graft. The purpose of the study was to compare dynamic and static plate kinematics with graft subsidence. The study designed was an in vitro biomechanical study in a porcine cervical spine model. Twelve spines were initially tested in intact condition with 20-N axial load in 15 degrees of flexion and extension range of motion (ROM). Then, a two-level corpectomy was created in all specimens with spines randomized to receive either a static or dynamic plate. The spines were retested under identical conditions with optimal length and undersized graft. Range of motion and graft loading were analyzed with a one-way analysis of variance (p<.05). Both plates significantly limited ROM compared with the intact spine in both graft length conditions. In extension graft, load was significantly higher (p=.001) in the static plate with optimal length, and in flexion, there was a significant loss of graft load (p=.0004). In flexion, the dynamic plate with undersized graft demonstrated significantly more load sustained (p=.0004). Both plates reasonably limited the ROM of the corpectomy. The static plate had significantly higher graft loads in extension and significant loss of graft load in flexion, whereas the dynamic plate maintained a reasonable graft load in ROM even when graft contact was imperfect. Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Hydration and vibrational dynamics of betaine (N,N,N-trimethylglycine)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Tanping; Cui, Yaowen; Mathaga, John; Kumar, Revati; Kuroda, Daniel G.

2015-06-01

Zwitterions are naturally occurring molecules that have a positive and a negative charge group in its structure and are of great importance in many areas of science. Here, the vibrational and hydration dynamics of the zwitterionic system betaine (N,N,N-trimethylglycine) is reported. The linear infrared spectrum of aqueous betaine exhibits an asymmetric band in the 1550-1700 cm-1 region of the spectrum. This band is attributed to the carboxylate asymmetric stretch of betaine. The potential of mean force computed from ab initio molecular dynamic simulations confirms that the two observed transitions of the linear spectrum are related to two different betaine conformers present in solution. A model of the experimental data using non-linear response theory agrees very well with a vibrational model comprising of two vibrational transitions. In addition, our modeling shows that spectral parameters such as the slope of the zeroth contour plot and central line slope are both sensitive to the presence of overlapping transitions. The vibrational dynamics of the system reveals an ultrafast decay of the vibrational population relaxation as well as the correlation of frequency-frequency correlation function (FFCF). A decay of ˜0.5 ps is observed for the FFCF correlation time and is attributed to the frequency fluctuations caused by the motions of water molecules in the solvation shell. The comparison of the experimental observations with simulations of the FFCF from ab initio molecular dynamics and a density functional theory frequency map shows a very good agreement corroborating the correct characterization and assignment of the derived parameters.

SRG110 Stirling Generator Dynamic Simulator Vibration Test Results and Analysis Correlation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Suarez, Vicente J.; Lewandowski, Edward J.; Callahan, John

2006-01-01

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Lockheed Martin (LM), and NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC) have been developing the Stirling Radioisotope Generator (SRG110) for use as a power system for space science missions. The launch environment enveloping potential missions results in a random input spectrum that is significantly higher than historical RPS launch levels and is a challenge for designers. Analysis presented in prior work predicted that tailoring the compliance at the generator-spacecraft interface reduced the dynamic response of the system thereby allowing higher launch load input levels and expanding the range of potential generator missions. To confirm analytical predictions, a dynamic simulator representing the generator structure, Stirling convertors and heat sources was designed and built for testing with and without a compliant interface. Finite element analysis was performed to guide the generator simulator and compliant interface design so that test modes and frequencies were representative of the SRG110 generator. This paper presents the dynamic simulator design, the test setup and methodology, test article modes and frequencies and dynamic responses, and post-test analysis results. With the compliant interface, component responses to an input environment exceeding the SRG110 qualification level spectrum were all within design allowables. Post-test analysis included finite element model tuning to match test frequencies and random response analysis using the test input spectrum. Analytical results were in good overall agreement with the test results and confirmed previous predictions that the SRG110 power system may be considered for a broad range of potential missions, including those with demanding launch environments.

SRG110 Stirling Generator Dynamic Simulator Vibration Test Results and Analysis Correlation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lewandowski, Edward J.; Suarez, Vicente J.; Goodnight, Thomas W.; Callahan, John

2007-01-01

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Lockheed Martin (LM), and NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC) have been developing the Stirling Radioisotope Generator (SRG110) for use as a power system for space science missions. The launch environment enveloping potential missions results in a random input spectrum that is significantly higher than historical radioisotope power system (RPS) launch levels and is a challenge for designers. Analysis presented in prior work predicted that tailoring the compliance at the generator-spacecraft interface reduced the dynamic response of the system thereby allowing higher launch load input levels and expanding the range of potential generator missions. To confirm analytical predictions, a dynamic simulator representing the generator structure, Stirling convertors and heat sources were designed and built for testing with and without a compliant interface. Finite element analysis was performed to guide the generator simulator and compliant interface design so that test modes and frequencies were representative of the SRG110 generator. This paper presents the dynamic simulator design, the test setup and methodology, test article modes and frequencies and dynamic responses, and post-test analysis results. With the compliant interface, component responses to an input environment exceeding the SRG110 qualification level spectrum were all within design allowables. Post-test analysis included finite element model tuning to match test frequencies and random response analysis using the test input spectrum. Analytical results were in good overall agreement with the test results and confirmed previous predictions that the SRG110 power system may be considered for a broad range of potential missions, including those with demanding launch environments.

Hydration and vibrational dynamics of betaine (N,N,N-trimethylglycine)

PubMed Central

Li, Tanping; Cui, Yaowen; Mathaga, John; Kumar, Revati; Kuroda, Daniel G.

2015-01-01

Zwitterions are naturally occurring molecules that have a positive and a negative charge group in its structure and are of great importance in many areas of science. Here, the vibrational and hydration dynamics of the zwitterionic system betaine (N,N,N-trimethylglycine) is reported. The linear infrared spectrum of aqueous betaine exhibits an asymmetric band in the 1550-1700 cm−1 region of the spectrum. This band is attributed to the carboxylate asymmetric stretch of betaine. The potential of mean force computed from ab initio molecular dynamic simulations confirms that the two observed transitions of the linear spectrum are related to two different betaine conformers present in solution. A model of the experimental data using non-linear response theory agrees very well with a vibrational model comprising of two vibrational transitions. In addition, our modeling shows that spectral parameters such as the slope of the zeroth contour plot and central line slope are both sensitive to the presence of overlapping transitions. The vibrational dynamics of the system reveals an ultrafast decay of the vibrational population relaxation as well as the correlation of frequency-frequency correlation function (FFCF). A decay of ∼0.5 ps is observed for the FFCF correlation time and is attributed to the frequency fluctuations caused by the motions of water molecules in the solvation shell. The comparison of the experimental observations with simulations of the FFCF from ab initio molecular dynamics and a density functional theory frequency map shows a very good agreement corroborating the correct characterization and assignment of the derived parameters. PMID:26049458

Building new computational models to support health behavior change and maintenance: new opportunities in behavioral research.

PubMed

Spruijt-Metz, Donna; Hekler, Eric; Saranummi, Niilo; Intille, Stephen; Korhonen, Ilkka; Nilsen, Wendy; Rivera, Daniel E; Spring, Bonnie; Michie, Susan; Asch, David A; Sanna, Alberto; Salcedo, Vicente Traver; Kukakfa, Rita; Pavel, Misha

2015-09-01

Adverse and suboptimal health behaviors and habits are responsible for approximately 40 % of preventable deaths, in addition to their unfavorable effects on quality of life and economics. Our current understanding of human behavior is largely based on static "snapshots" of human behavior, rather than ongoing, dynamic feedback loops of behavior in response to ever-changing biological, social, personal, and environmental states. This paper first discusses how new technologies (i.e., mobile sensors, smartphones, ubiquitous computing, and cloud-enabled processing/computing) and emerging systems modeling techniques enable the development of new, dynamic, and empirical models of human behavior that could facilitate just-in-time adaptive, scalable interventions. The paper then describes concrete steps to the creation of robust dynamic mathematical models of behavior including: (1) establishing "gold standard" measures, (2) the creation of a behavioral ontology for shared language and understanding tools that both enable dynamic theorizing across disciplines, (3) the development of data sharing resources, and (4) facilitating improved sharing of mathematical models and tools to support rapid aggregation of the models. We conclude with the discussion of what might be incorporated into a "knowledge commons," which could help to bring together these disparate activities into a unified system and structure for organizing knowledge about behavior.

Impaired social brain network for processing dynamic facial expressions in autism spectrum disorders.

PubMed

Sato, Wataru; Toichi, Motomi; Uono, Shota; Kochiyama, Takanori

2012-08-13

Impairment of social interaction via facial expressions represents a core clinical feature of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However, the neural correlates of this dysfunction remain unidentified. Because this dysfunction is manifested in real-life situations, we hypothesized that the observation of dynamic, compared with static, facial expressions would reveal abnormal brain functioning in individuals with ASD.We presented dynamic and static facial expressions of fear and happiness to individuals with high-functioning ASD and to age- and sex-matched typically developing controls and recorded their brain activities using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Regional analysis revealed reduced activation of several brain regions in the ASD group compared with controls in response to dynamic versus static facial expressions, including the middle temporal gyrus (MTG), fusiform gyrus, amygdala, medial prefrontal cortex, and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). Dynamic causal modeling analyses revealed that bi-directional effective connectivity involving the primary visual cortex-MTG-IFG circuit was enhanced in response to dynamic as compared with static facial expressions in the control group. Group comparisons revealed that all these modulatory effects were weaker in the ASD group than in the control group. These results suggest that weak activity and connectivity of the social brain network underlie the impairment in social interaction involving dynamic facial expressions in individuals with ASD.

Some aspects of control of a large-scale dynamic system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Aoki, M.

1975-01-01

Techniques of predicting and/or controlling the dynamic behavior of large scale systems are discussed in terms of decentralized decision making. Topics discussed include: (1) control of large scale systems by dynamic team with delayed information sharing; (2) dynamic resource allocation problems by a team (hierarchical structure with a coordinator); and (3) some problems related to the construction of a model of reduced dimension.

Interfering and Resolving: How Tabletop Interaction Facilitates Co-Construction of Argumentative Knowledge

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Falcao, Taciana Pontual; Price, Sara

2011-01-01

Tangible technologies and shared interfaces create new paradigms for mediating collaboration through dynamic, synchronous environments, where action is as important as speech for participating and contributing to the activity. However, interaction with shared interfaces has been shown to be inherently susceptible to peer interference, potentially…

Parasite-Microbiota Interactions With the Vertebrate Gut: Synthesis Through an Ecological Lens

PubMed Central

Leung, Jacqueline M.; Graham, Andrea L.; Knowles, Sarah C. L.

2018-01-01

The vertebrate gut teems with a large, diverse, and dynamic bacterial community that has pervasive effects on gut physiology, metabolism, and immunity. Under natural conditions, these microbes share their habitat with a similarly dynamic community of eukaryotes (helminths, protozoa, and fungi), many of which are well-known parasites. Both parasites and the prokaryotic microbiota can dramatically alter the physical and immune landscape of the gut, creating ample opportunities for them to interact. Such interactions may critically alter infection outcomes and affect overall host health and disease. For instance, parasite infection can change how a host interacts with its bacterial flora, either driving or protecting against dysbiosis and inflammatory disease. Conversely, the microbiota can alter a parasite's colonization success, replication, and virulence, shifting it along the parasitism-mutualism spectrum. The mechanisms and consequences of these interactions are just starting to be elucidated in an emergent transdisciplinary area at the boundary of microbiology and parasitology. However, heterogeneity in experimental designs, host and parasite species, and a largely phenomenological and taxonomic approach to synthesizing the literature have meant that common themes across studies remain elusive. Here, we use an ecological perspective to review the literature on interactions between the prokaryotic microbiota and eukaryotic parasites in the vertebrate gut. Using knowledge about parasite biology and ecology, we discuss mechanisms by which they may interact with gut microbes, the consequences of such interactions for host health, and how understanding parasite-microbiota interactions may lead to novel approaches in disease control. PMID:29867790

Identifying frailty in primary care: a qualitative description of family physicians' gestalt impressions of their older adult patients.

PubMed

Korenvain, Clara; Famiyeh, Ida-Maisie; Dunn, Sheila; Whitehead, Cynthia R; Rochon, Paula A; McCarthy, Lisa M

2018-05-14

Many tools exist to guide family physicians' impressions about frailty status of older adults, but no single tool, instrument, or set of criteria has emerged as most useful. The role of physicians' subjective impressions in frailty decisions has not been studied. This study explores how family physicians conceptualize frailty, and the factors that they consider when making subjective decisions about patients' frailty statuses. Descriptive qualitative study of family physicians who practice in a large urban academic family medicine center as they participated in one-on-one "think-aloud" interviews about the frailty status of their patients aged 80 years and over. Of 23 eligible family physicians, 18 shared their impressions about the frailty status of their older adult patients and the factors influencing their decisions. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and thematically analyzed. Four themes were identified, the first of which described how physicians conceptualized frailty as a spectrum and dynamic in nature, but also struggled to conceptualize it without a formal definition in place. The remaining three themes described factors considered before determining patients' frailty statuses: physical characteristics (age, weight, medical conditions), functional characteristics (physical, cognitive, social) and living conditions (level of independence, availability of supports, physical environment). Family physicians viewed frailty as multifactorial, dynamic, and inclusive of functional and environmental factors. This conceptualization can be useful to make comprehensive and flexible evaluations of frailty status in conjunction with more objective frailty tools.

Parasite-Microbiota Interactions With the Vertebrate Gut: Synthesis Through an Ecological Lens.

PubMed

Leung, Jacqueline M; Graham, Andrea L; Knowles, Sarah C L

2018-01-01

The vertebrate gut teems with a large, diverse, and dynamic bacterial community that has pervasive effects on gut physiology, metabolism, and immunity. Under natural conditions, these microbes share their habitat with a similarly dynamic community of eukaryotes (helminths, protozoa, and fungi), many of which are well-known parasites. Both parasites and the prokaryotic microbiota can dramatically alter the physical and immune landscape of the gut, creating ample opportunities for them to interact. Such interactions may critically alter infection outcomes and affect overall host health and disease. For instance, parasite infection can change how a host interacts with its bacterial flora, either driving or protecting against dysbiosis and inflammatory disease. Conversely, the microbiota can alter a parasite's colonization success, replication, and virulence, shifting it along the parasitism-mutualism spectrum. The mechanisms and consequences of these interactions are just starting to be elucidated in an emergent transdisciplinary area at the boundary of microbiology and parasitology. However, heterogeneity in experimental designs, host and parasite species, and a largely phenomenological and taxonomic approach to synthesizing the literature have meant that common themes across studies remain elusive. Here, we use an ecological perspective to review the literature on interactions between the prokaryotic microbiota and eukaryotic parasites in the vertebrate gut. Using knowledge about parasite biology and ecology, we discuss mechanisms by which they may interact with gut microbes, the consequences of such interactions for host health, and how understanding parasite-microbiota interactions may lead to novel approaches in disease control.

Automatic Generation of OpenMP Directives and Its Application to Computational Fluid Dynamics Codes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Yan, Jerry; Jin, Haoqiang; Frumkin, Michael; Yan, Jerry (Technical Monitor)

2000-01-01

The shared-memory programming model is a very effective way to achieve parallelism on shared memory parallel computers. As great progress was made in hardware and software technologies, performance of parallel programs with compiler directives has demonstrated large improvement. The introduction of OpenMP directives, the industrial standard for shared-memory programming, has minimized the issue of portability. In this study, we have extended CAPTools, a computer-aided parallelization toolkit, to automatically generate OpenMP-based parallel programs with nominal user assistance. We outline techniques used in the implementation of the tool and discuss the application of this tool on the NAS Parallel Benchmarks and several computational fluid dynamics codes. This work demonstrates the great potential of using the tool to quickly port parallel programs and also achieve good performance that exceeds some of the commercial tools.

On the Discrete Spectrum of the Nonstationary Schrödinger Equation and Multipole Lumps of the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili I Equation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Villarroel, Javier; Ablowitz, Mark J.

The discrete spectrum of the nonstationary Schrödinger equation and localized solutions of the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili-I (KPI) equation are studied via the inverse scattering transform. It is shown that there exist infinitely many real and rationally decaying potentials which correspond to a discrete spectrum whose related eigenfunctions have multiple poles in the spectral parameter. An index or winding number is asssociated with each of these solutions. The resulting localized solutions of KPI behave as collection of individual humps with nonuniform dynamics.

AC-driven bilayer graphene: quasienergy spectrum of electrons and generation of soliton-like electromagnetic pulse

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kukhar, Egor I.

2018-01-01

Quasienergy spectrum of electrons in biased bigraphene subjected to the linear polarized high-frequency electromagnetic radiation has been derived. Quasienergy bands of ac-driven bigraphene have been investigated. Dynamical appearing of the saddle points in band structure of biased bigraphene and energy gap modification have been predicted. Electromagnetic field equation has been written using obtained quasienergy spectrum. The solution corresponding to the soliton-like electromagnetic wave has been obtained. The conditions of soliton-like wave generation in ac-driven bigraphene have been discussed.

New shortwave solar radiometer with information-based sparse sampling

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Simpson, M.L.; Carnal, C.L.; Ericson, M.N.

1991-01-01

A new concept for a real-time shortwave solar radiometer is presented, based on the premise that high resolution measurements of the shortwave solar spectrum are needed only in wavelength regions where the atmospheric physics are changing rapidly with respect to {Lambda}. The design features holographic optical elements (HOEs) for nonuniform sampling of the spectrum, customized photocells, and temperature-compensated monolithic wide dynamic range amplifiers. Preliminary results show full spectrum reconstruction accuracies to < 3% with a 10:1 reduction in the number of photocells required. 9 refs.

New shortwave solar radiometer with information-based sparse sampling

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Simpson, M.L.; Carnal, C.L.; Ericson, M.N.

1991-12-31

A new concept for a real-time shortwave solar radiometer is presented, based on the premise that high resolution measurements of the shortwave solar spectrum are needed only in wavelength regions where the atmospheric physics are changing rapidly with respect to {Lambda}. The design features holographic optical elements (HOEs) for nonuniform sampling of the spectrum, customized photocells, and temperature-compensated monolithic wide dynamic range amplifiers. Preliminary results show full spectrum reconstruction accuracies to < 3% with a 10:1 reduction in the number of photocells required. 9 refs.

Fractal attractors and singular invariant measures in two-sector growth models with random factor shares

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

La Torre, Davide; Marsiglio, Simone; Mendivil, Franklin; Privileggi, Fabio

2018-05-01

We analyze a multi-sector growth model subject to random shocks affecting the two sector-specific production functions twofold: the evolution of both productivity and factor shares is the result of such exogenous shocks. We determine the optimal dynamics via Euler-Lagrange equations, and show how these dynamics can be described in terms of an iterated function system with probability. We also provide conditions that imply the singularity of the invariant measure associated with the fractal attractor. Numerical examples show how specific parameter configurations might generate distorted copies of the Barnsley's fern attractor.

Innovative technology-based interventions for autism spectrum disorders: a meta-analysis.

PubMed

Grynszpan, Ouriel; Weiss, Patrice L Tamar; Perez-Diaz, Fernando; Gal, Eynat

2014-05-01

This article reports the results of a meta-analysis of technology-based intervention studies for children with autism spectrum disorders. We conducted a systematic review of research that used a pre-post design to assess innovative technology interventions, including computer programs, virtual reality, and robotics. The selected studies provided interventions via a desktop computer, interactive DVD, shared active surface, and virtual reality. None employed robotics. The results provide evidence for the overall effectiveness of technology-based training. The overall mean effect size for posttests of controlled studies of children with autism spectrum disorders who received technology-based interventions was significantly different from zero and approached the medium magnitude, d = 0.47 (confidence interval: 0.08-0.86). The influence of age and IQ was not significant. Differences in training procedures are discussed in the light of the negative correlation that was found between the intervention durations and the studies' effect sizes. The results of this meta-analysis provide support for the continuing development, evaluation, and clinical usage of technology-based intervention for individuals with autism spectrum disorders.

Emotion Recognition in Animated Compared to Human Stimuli in Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brosnan, Mark; Johnson, Hilary; Grawmeyer, Beate; Chapman, Emma; Benton, Laura

2015-01-01

There is equivocal evidence as to whether there is a deficit in recognising emotional expressions in Autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study compared emotion recognition in ASD in three types of emotion expression media (still image, dynamic image, auditory) across human stimuli (e.g. photo of a human face) and animated stimuli (e.g. cartoon…

The Influence of Presentation Modality on the Social Comprehension of Naturalistic Scenes in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gedek, Haley M.; Pantelis, Peter C.; Kennedy, Daniel P.

2018-01-01

The comprehension of dynamically unfolding social situations is made possible by the seamless integration of multimodal information merged with rich intuitions about the thoughts and behaviors of others. We examined how high-functioning adults with autism spectrum disorder and neurotypical controls made a complex social judgment (i.e. rating the…

On Searching Available Channels with Asynchronous MAC-Layer Spectrum Sensing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jiang, Chunxiao; Ma, Xin; Chen, Canfeng; Ma, Jian; Ren, Yong

Dynamic spectrum access has become a focal issue recently, in which identifying the available spectrum plays a rather important role. Lots of work has been done concerning secondary user (SU) synchronously accessing primary user's (PU's) network. However, on one hand, SU may have no idea about PU's communication protocols; on the other, it is possible that communications among PU are not based on synchronous scheme at all. In order to address such problems, this paper advances a strategy for SU to search available spectrums with asynchronous MAC-layer sensing. With this method, SUs need not know the communication mechanisms in PU's network when dynamically accessing. We will focus on four aspects: 1) strategy for searching available channels; 2) vacating strategy when PUs come back; 3) estimation of channel parameters; 4) impact of SUs' interference on PU's data rate. The simulations show that our search strategy not only can achieve nearly 50% less interference probability than equal allocation of total search time, but also well adapts to time-varying channels. Moreover, access by our strategies can attain 150% more access time than random access. The moment matching estimator shows good performance in estimating and tracing time-varying channels.

Understanding THz spectra of aqueous solutions: glycine in light and heavy water.

PubMed

Sun, Jian; Niehues, Gudrun; Forbert, Harald; Decka, Dominique; Schwaab, Gerhard; Marx, Dominik; Havenith, Martina

2014-04-02

THz spectroscopy of aqueous solutions has been established as of recently to be a valuable and complementary experimental tool to provide direct insights into the solute-solvent coupling due to hydrogen-bond dynamics involving interfacial water. Despite much experimental progress, understanding THz spectra in terms of molecular motions, akin to mid-infrared spectra, still remains elusive. Here, using the osmoprotectant glycine as a showcase, we demonstrate how this can be achieved by combining THz absorption spectroscopy and ab initio molecular dynamics. The experimental THz spectrum is characterized by broad yet clearly discernible peaks. Based on substantial extensions of available mode-specific decomposition schemes, the experimental spectrum can be reproduced by theory and assigned on an essentially quantitative level. This joint effort reveals an unexpectedly clear picture of the individual contributions of molecular motion to the THz absorption spectrum in terms of distinct modes stemming from intramolecular vibrations, rigid-body-like hindered rotational and translational motion, and specific couplings to interfacial water molecules. The assignment is confirmed by the peak shifts observed in the THz spectrum of deuterated glycine in heavy water, which allow us to separate the distinct modes experimentally.

Is a Universal Science of Complexity Conceivable?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

West, Geoffrey B.

Over the past quarter of a century, terms like complex adaptive system, the science of complexity, emergent behavior, self-organization, and adaptive dynamics have entered the literature, reflecting the rapid growth in collaborative, trans-disciplinary research on fundamental problems in complex systems ranging across the entire spectrum of science from the origin and dynamics of organisms and ecosystems to financial markets, corporate dynamics, urbanization and the human brain...

Colored spectrum characteristics of thermal noise on the molecular scale.

PubMed

Zhu, Zhi; Sheng, Nan; Fang, Haiping; Wan, Rongzheng

2016-11-02

Thermal noise is of fundamental importance to many processes. Traditionally, thermal noise has been treated as white noise on the macroscopic scale. Using molecular dynamics simulations and power spectrum analysis, we show that the thermal noise of solute molecules in water is non-white on the molecular scale, which is in contrast to the conventional theory. In the frequency domain from 2 × 10 11 Hz to 10 13 Hz, the power spectrum of thermal noise for polar solute molecules resembles the spectrum of 1/f noise. The power spectrum of thermal noise for non-polar solute molecules deviates only slightly from the spectrum of white noise. The key to this phenomenon is the existence of hydrogen bonds between polar solute molecules and solvent water molecules. Furthermore, for polar solute molecules, the degree of power spectrum deviation from that of white noise is associated with the average lifetime of the hydrogen bonds between the solute and the solvent molecules.