Relationships between immunophenotype, Ki-67 index, microvascular density, Ep-CAM/P-cadherin, and MMP-2 expression in early-stage invasive ductal breast cancer.

PubMed

Niemiec, Joanna A; Adamczyk, Agnieszka; Małecki, Krzysztof; Majchrzyk, Kaja; Ryś, Janusz

2012-12-01

There is still a lack of complete consensus on immunohistochemical surrogate markers for luminal A (LA) and luminal B (LB), HER2, and basal-like subtypes of breast carcinomas and their correlation with cancer cell adhesion and invasion-promoting factors. Therefore, early-stage invasive ductal breast cancer patients (N=209) were recruited to the study and divided into 4 subtypes, on the basis of the expression of the estrogen/progesterone receptor and HER2 (LA: 74.4% of cases; LB: 7.8%; HER2: 5.6%; and triple-negative phenotype: 12.2%). Regardless of the above-mentioned classification, we divided all carcinomas into 2 groups: carcinomas expressing at least 1 basal marker [cytokeratine (CK)5/6, CK5, vimentin, epidermal growth factor receptor, or aberrant CK8/18 expression-membranous or in <10% of cells] versus carcinomas negative for basal markers. Then we studied the relationships between the above subtypes (2 classifications) and (i) the expression of adhesion molecules (Ep-CAM, P-cadherin), (ii) matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2, (iii) the proliferation index (MIB-1 LI), and (iv) the microvascular density. We confirmed that triple-negative phenotypes are characterized by basal marker expression, a high tumor grade, and high MIB-1 LI. In this subtype, we found MMP-2 expression in stromal leukocytes less frequently. Both LA carcinomas and carcinomas negative for basal markers were more often negative for epithelial cell adhesion molecule (Ep-CAM) and P-cadherin. Moreover, we noted a higher mean value of microvascular density in CK5/6 and Ep-CAM-immunopositive tumors, carcinomas with aberrant CK8/18 expression, and carcinomas with no or strong expression of MMP-2 in stromal fibroblast-like cells. These results might suggest that mechanisms of stroma remodeling and carcinogenesis (Ep-CAM is the suggested marker of breast progenitors) may differ between breast cancer subtypes.

The cost-effectiveness of fine-needle aspiration cytology and 14-gauge core needle biopsy compared with open surgical biopsy in the diagnosis of breast carcinoma.

PubMed

Logan-Young, W; Dawson, A E; Wilbur, D C; Avila, E E; Tomkiewicz, Z M; Sheils, L A; Laczin, J A; Taylor, A S

1998-05-15

Judicious utilization of fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and 14-gauge core needle biopsy (CB) theoretically should result in greater accuracy in breast carcinoma diagnosis and fewer unnecessary open surgical biopsies (OSBs), thus lowering health care costs. In 1995 in Rochester, New York, the ratio of open surgical breast biopsies per each verified breast carcinoma (OSB/Ca) in a freestanding breast clinic (EWBC) was compared with the OSB/Ca ratio of all physicians in the remainder of the city. The EWBC differs from all other diagnostic facilities in Rochester in that it routinely performs FNAC and CB. The EWBC recommended 462 OSBs resulting in 310 verified carcinomas, for a OSB/Ca ratio of 1.5. The physicians in the remainder of the city recommended 2036 OSBs resulting in 513 verified carcinomas, for a OSB/Ca ratio of 4.0. If the EWBC OSB/Ca ratio had been identical to the remainder of the city, the number of extra OSBs recommended by the clinic would have been 778, resulting in an additional cost of $1,712,082. When the added cost of the 2594 FNACs ($256,285) and 403 CBs ($252,278) performed by the clinic was subtracted from the $1,712,082, the freestanding breast clinic cost savings was $1,203,519. The lymph node metastasis rate of 19% for the breast carcinomas diagnosed in clinic patients was identical to that of the women with breast carcinoma in the remainder of the city. Utilization of FNAC and CB allows radiologists to lower their OSB/Ca ratio without sacrificing early detection. In this study, these less expensive procedures result in lowered medical costs for the health care system.

Nipple Discharge: An Early Warning Sign of Breast Cancer

PubMed Central

Parthasarathy, Veda; Rathnam, Usharani

2012-01-01

Nipple discharge (ND) can be the earliest presenting symptom of breast cancer. We hereby present two cases of breast cancer with no palpable mass manifesting as isolated ND, which was whitish in color. In both cases, cytology of the discharge revealed highly pleomorphic cells indicating a high grade malignancy. Mammography showed diffuse, extensive microcalcifications. Simple mastectomy with axillary clearance was done. Histology in both cases revealed diffusely spreading intraductal carcinoma, with focus of microinvasion in one case. ND if scanty or not blood stained is often ignored by the patients and at times, the clinicians. This article highlights that ND can be an early warning sign of intraductal carcinomas that are non-invasive in early stage. Irrespective of the color or nature of the discharge, unilateral ND needs to be evaluated. Proper clinical assessment, cytological evaluation of the ND, and mammography ought to be performed in all such cases. Considering the low level of awareness in women regarding the warning signs of breast cancer, the current focus is to create “breast awareness.” Women should be sensitized to recognize any unusual changes in their breasts and report to their health care providers at the earliest. PMID:23189234

Breast-Conserving Surgery Followed by Radiation Therapy With MRI-Detected Stage I or Stage II Breast Cancer

ClinicalTrials.gov

2011-12-07

Ductal Breast Carcinoma in Situ; Estrogen Receptor-negative Breast Cancer; Estrogen Receptor-positive Breast Cancer; HER2-negative Breast Cancer; HER2-positive Breast Cancer; Invasive Ductal Breast Carcinoma; Invasive Lobular Breast Carcinoma; Male Breast Cancer; Medullary Ductal Breast Carcinoma With Lymphocytic Infiltrate; Mucinous Ductal Breast Carcinoma; Papillary Ductal Breast Carcinoma; Progesterone Receptor-negative Breast Cancer; Progesterone Receptor-positive Breast Cancer; Stage I Breast Cancer; Stage II Breast Cancer; Tubular Ductal Breast Carcinoma

Hypofractionated Radiation Therapy After Mastectomy in Preventing Recurrence in Patients With Stage IIa-IIIa Breast Cancer

ClinicalTrials.gov

2018-06-08

Ductal Breast Carcinoma; Invasive Breast Carcinoma; Lobular Breast Carcinoma; Medullary Breast Carcinoma; Stage II Breast Cancer; Stage IIA Breast Cancer; Stage IIB Breast Cancer; Stage IIIA Breast Cancer; Tubular Breast Carcinoma

3D-CRT, Proton, or Brachytherapy APBI in Treating Patients With Invasive and Non-invasive Breast Cancer

ClinicalTrials.gov

2017-12-29

Ductal Breast Carcinoma In Situ; Estrogen Receptor Positive; Grade 1 Invasive Breast Carcinoma; Grade 2 Invasive Breast Carcinoma; Grade 3 Invasive Breast Carcinoma; Invasive Ductal and Lobular Carcinoma In Situ; Mucinous Breast Carcinoma; Tubular Breast Carcinoma

Accelerated Radiation Therapy After Surgery in Treating Patients With Breast Cancer

ClinicalTrials.gov

2017-11-15

Inflammatory Breast Cancer; Invasive Ductal Breast Carcinoma; Invasive Lobular Breast Carcinoma; Mucinous Ductal Breast Carcinoma; Papillary Ductal Breast Carcinoma; Stage II Breast Cancer; Stage IIIA Breast Cancer; Stage IIIB Breast Cancer; Stage IIIC Breast Cancer; Tubular Ductal Breast Carcinoma

18F-FDG PET/CT in detection of gynecomastia in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

PubMed

Wang, Hsin-Yi; Jeng, Long-Bin; Lin, Ming-Chia; Chao, Chih-Hao; Lin, Wan-Yu; Kao, Chia-Hung

2013-01-01

We retrospectively investigate the prevalence of gynecomastia as false-positive 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) imaging in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Among the 127 male HCC patients who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT scan, the 18FDG uptakes at the bilateral breasts in 9 patients with gynecomastia were recorded as standard uptake value (SUVmax) and the visual interpretation in both early and delayed images. The mean early SUVmax was 1.58/1.57 (right/left breast) in nine gynecomastia patients. The three patients with early visual score of 3 had higher early SUVmaxs. Gynecomastia is a possible cause of false-positive uptake on 18F-FDG PET/CT images. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Breast cancer metastasis to the stomach resembling early gastric cancer.

PubMed

Eo, Wan Kyu

2008-12-01

Breast cancer metastases to the stomach are infrequent, with an estimated incidence rate of approximately 0.3%. Gastric metastases usually are derived from lobular rather than from ductal breast cancer. The most frequent type of a breast cancer metastasis as seen on endoscopy to the stomach is linitis plastica; features of a metastatic lesion that resemble early gastric cancer (EGC) are extremely rare. In this report, we present a case of a breast cancer metastasis to the stomach from an infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast in a 48-year-old woman. The patient had undergone a left modified radical mastectomy with axillary dissection nine years prior. A gastric endoscopy performed for evaluation of nausea and anorexia showed the presence of a slightly elevated mucosal lesion in the cardia, suggestive of a type IIa EGC. A histological examination revealed nests of a carcinoma in the subepithelial lymphatics, and immunohistochemical staining for estrogen receptor was positive. This is an extremely rare case with features of type IIa EGC, but the lesion was finally identified as a cancer metastasis to the cardia of the stomach from an IDC of the breast.

LOH at 16p13 is a novel chromosomal alteration detected in benign and malignant microdissected papillary neoplasms of the breast.

PubMed

Lininger, R A; Park, W S; Man, Y G; Pham, T; MacGrogan, G; Zhuang, Z; Tavassoli, F A

1998-10-01

Papillary carcinoma of the breast is a variant of predominantly intraductal carcinoma characterized by a papillary growth pattern with fibrovascular support. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) was evaluated at multiple chromosomal loci (including loci reported to show frequent genetic alterations in breast cancer) to determine the frequency of genetic mutations in these tumors and their precursors. Thirty-three papillary lesions of the breast (6 papillary carcinomas, 12 carcinomas arising in a papilloma, and 15 intraductal papillomas with florid epithelial hyperplasia) were retrieved from the files of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP). Tumor cells and normal tissue were microdissected in each case and screened for LOH at INT-2 and p53 as well as several loci on chromosome 16p13 in the TSC2/PKD1 gene region (D16S423, D16S663, D16S665). LOH on chromosome 16p13 was present in 10 of 16 (63%) informative cases of either papillary carcinoma or carcinoma arising in a papilloma as well as in 6 of 10 (60%) informative cases of intraductal papilloma with florid epithelial hyperplasia (IDH). One case showed simultaneous LOH in both the florid IDH and carcinoma components of a papilloma. LOH was not observed at either INT-2 or p53 in any of the papillary carcinomas or papillomas with florid IDH. In conclusion, a high frequency of LOH at chromosome 16p13 (the TSC2/PKD1 gene region) is in both papillary carcinomas of the breast as well as in papillomas with florid IDH, including a case with LOH present simultaneously in both components. These findings suggest that chromosome 16p contains a tumor suppressor gene that frequently is mutated early in papillary neoplasia.

Role of Cathepsin C During Breast Cancer Metastasis

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-09-01

carcinomas ( ILC ) – mostly histological grade two or three – were obtained from patients with no prior exposure to CTX (CTX-naïve) at the time of primary...invasive lobular carcinomas ( ILC ) mostly histological grade two or three were obtained from patients with no prior exposure to CTX (CTX naïve) at the time...intratumoral Tregs for chemotherapy in patients with early breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res 16:1272–1280. 46. Macchetti AH, et al. (2006) Tumor

Comparative study between ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration cytology of axillary lymph nodes and sentinel lymph node histopathology in early-stage breast cancer

PubMed Central

Cardoso-Coelho, Lívio Portela; Borges, Rafael Soares; Alencar, Airlane Pereira; Cardoso-Campos-Verdes, Larysse Maira; da Silva-Sampaio, João Paulo; Borges, Umbelina Soares; Gebrim, Luiz Henrique; da Silva, Benedito Borges

2017-01-01

The replacement of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SNB) by ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (US-guided FNA) cytology of axillary lymph nodes is controversial, despite the simplicity and reduced cost of the latter. In the present study, US-guided FNA was performed in 27 patients with early-stage breast cancer for comparison with SNB. Data were analyzed by calculation of sample proportions. Tumor subtypes included invasive ductal carcinoma (85%), invasive lobular carcinoma (7%), and tubular and metaplastic carcinoma (4%). FNA had a sensitivity of 45%, specificity of 100%, positive predictive value of 100% and a negative predictive value of 73%. Axillary lymph node cytology obtained by US guided-FNA in patients with breast cancer had a specificity similar to that of sentinel lymph node histopathology in the presence of axillary node metastases. However, when lymph node cytology is negative, it does not exclude the existence of metastatic implants, due to its low sensitivity in comparison to sentinel lymph node histopathology. PMID:28521436

A Molecular Framework for Understanding DCIS

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-10-01

a precursor to invasive breast cancer. Improvements in early diagnosis have led to increased numbers of DCIS cases, however, we presently have no way...ultimately alter the course of treatment for women with a diagnosis of DCIS. 15. SUBJECT TERMS Breast cancer, DCIS 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: U 17...Ductal Carcinoma (IDC), the most common form of breast cancer. IDC accounts for 80% of all breast cancers, predominantly affecting women aged 55 and

Advanced detection and measurement of cells on membrane from peripheral blood by laser scanning cytometry (LSC) in early stage breast cancer patients.

PubMed

Sanislo, L; Kuliffay, P; Sedlak, J; Kausitz, J; Galbavy, S

2010-01-01

The aim of our study was the potential detection of circulating tumour cells (CTCs) in early stage breast cancer patients. Our approach was cell microfiltration through polycarbonate membrane as a concentration method suitable for CTC selection in peripheral blood. The isolated cells on membrane were further analysed by laser scanning cytometry. Sixteen patients were enrolled in the study, of which 13 had early stage breast carcinoma and 3 patients had metastatic breast carcinoma. The analyses were performed from 9 ml of peripheral blood, in one patient blood was drawn twice. Blood samples were taken after adjuvant chemotherapy but prior to adjuvant radiotherapy. The control group consisted of 12 clinically healthy subjects. In the control group 3 subjects out of 12 had 1 CTC, the mean CTC numbers being 0.25 +/- 0.45. In the early stage breast cancer patients 0-36 CTCs were detected (mean 13.9 +/- 12.9 CTCs. 10 patients out of 13 had more than 2 CTCs (62%). The detection and measurement of cells on membrane is a simple and reproducible method of detection of CTCs in peripheral blood. Sensitivity of the method is 88.5%. Detection of CTCs seems to be a promising method for the monitoring of adjuvant therapy in early stage breast cancer patients and for the identification of high risk patients in whom elevated numbers of CTCs are persisting following the termination of adjuvant therapy (Tab. 1, Fig. 4, Ref. 35). Full Text (Free, PDF) www.bmj.sk.

Broccoli Sprout Extract in Treating Patients With Breast Cancer

ClinicalTrials.gov

2018-06-04

Ductal Breast Carcinoma; Ductal Breast Carcinoma In Situ; Estrogen Receptor Negative; Estrogen Receptor Positive; Invasive Breast Carcinoma; Lobular Breast Carcinoma; Postmenopausal; Stage IA Breast Cancer; Stage IB Breast Cancer; Stage IIA Breast Cancer; Stage IIB Breast Cancer

Caloric Restriction in Treating Patients With Stage 0-I Breast Cancer Undergoing Surgery and Radiation Therapy

ClinicalTrials.gov

2017-09-25

Ductal Breast Carcinoma in Situ; Invasive Ductal Breast Carcinoma; Invasive Lobular Breast Carcinoma; Lobular Breast Carcinoma in Situ; Recurrent Breast Cancer; Stage IA Breast Cancer; Stage IB Breast Cancer

Tamoxifen Citrate, Letrozole, Anastrozole, or Exemestane With or Without Chemotherapy in Treating Patients With Invasive RxPONDER Breast Cancer

ClinicalTrials.gov

2018-06-11

Ductal Breast Carcinoma In Situ; Estrogen Receptor and/or Progesterone Receptor Positive; HER2/Neu Negative; Invasive Breast Carcinoma; Multicentric Breast Carcinoma; Multifocal Breast Carcinoma; Synchronous Bilateral Breast Carcinoma

Impact of a health education intervention program regarding breast self examination by women in a semi-urban area of Madhya Pradesh, India.

PubMed

Gupta, Sanjeev K

2009-01-01

Breast cancer is the most common carcinoma in the world and the second most prevalent in Indian females. Over 0.7 million new cases of carcinoma breast are detected every year globally, with nearly 0.3 million deaths, affecting 28 per 100,000 females in the age group of 35 to 60 years. Breast self examination (BSE) can detect 40% of breast lesions. The present study aimed to assess the impact of a health education intervention program about breast self examination (BSE) among women in a semi-urban area in Madhya Pradesh, India. The study was carried out in three phases; pre-intervention phase, intervention phase, and post-intervention phase. A total of 1000 women were included. Interventional health education in the form of a lecture, pamphlets, flip charts and demonstration of the five step method of breast self examination using audio-visual aids was administrated. There was a significant improvement in knowledge regarding all aspects of breast self examination of the intervention group from pre- to post-test. After the intervention program, 590 (59%) women had good knowledge and among them 90.7% practiced (BSE) compared to 0% pre-test. An overall increase in the awareness of 43% and 53% of BSE practice was observed in the study group after intervention. Seven cases of breast disease were detected in which two were breast carcinoma and five were fibroadenomas. The knowledge and practices of women toward breast self examination for early detection were observed to be inadequate in respondents but there was a significant improvement after the intervention. Health education programs through various channels to increase the awareness and knowledge about BSE are the need of the hour. Mass media cancer education should promote widespread access to information about early detection behavior.

Effect of implementation of the mass breast cancer screening programme in older women in the Netherlands: population based study.

PubMed

de Glas, Nienke A; de Craen, Anton J M; Bastiaannet, Esther; Op 't Land, Ester G; Kiderlen, Mandy; van de Water, Willemien; Siesling, Sabine; Portielje, Johanneke E A; Schuttevaer, Herman M; de Bock, Geertruida Truuske H; van de Velde, Cornelis J H; Liefers, Gerrit-Jan

2014-09-14

To assess the incidence of early stage and advanced stage breast cancer before and after the implementation of mass screening in women aged 70-75 years in the Netherlands in 1998. Prospective nationwide population based study. National cancer registry, the Netherlands. Patients aged 70-75 years with a diagnosis of invasive or ductal carcinoma in situ breast cancer between 1995 and 2011 (n=25,414). Incidence rates were calculated using population data from Statistics Netherlands. Incidence rates of early stage (I, II, or ductal carcinoma in situ) and advanced stage (III and IV) breast cancer before and after implementation of screening. Hypotheses were formulated before data collection. The incidence of early stage tumours significantly increased after the extension for implementation of screening (248.7 cases per 100,000 women before screening up to 362.9 cases per 100,000 women after implementation of screening, incidence rate ratio 1.46, 95% confidence interval 1.40 to 1.52, P<0.001). However, the incidence of advanced stage breast cancers decreased to a far lesser extent (58.6 cases per 100,000 women before screening to 51.8 cases per 100,000 women after implementation of screening, incidence rate ratio 0.88, 0.81 to 0.97, P<0.001). The extension of the upper age limit to 75 years has only led to a small decrease in incidence of advanced stage breast cancer, while that of early stage tumours has strongly increased. © de Glas et al 2014.

Metastatic serous carcinoma presenting as inflammatory carcinoma over the breast-Report of two cases and literature review.

PubMed

Panse, Gauri; Bossuyt, Veerle; Ko, Christine J

2018-03-01

Non-mammary metastases involving breast are rare and most commonly involve the breast parenchyma. Infrequently, metastasis from an extramammary primary site presents as inflammatory carcinoma over the breast. Diagnosis of such lesions can be challenging, especially in patients with coexisting primary breast carcinoma. Few such cases have been described in literature; however, none of the previously reported cases had a prior history of primary breast carcinoma. We present 2 patients with history of breast carcinoma and serous carcinoma of ovarian/peritoneal origin that presented with inflammatory carcinoma over the breast. Biopsies from breast tissue showed atypical cells in the dermis forming cords and papillary structures. Histopathologic differential diagnosis included infiltrating ductal carcinoma of breast origin and metastatic serous carcinoma. Immunohistochemical studies showed that the tumor cells were positive for markers of ovarian origin such as PAX-8 and CA-125 and negative for breast markers such as GATA-3, thus supporting the diagnosis. In summary, we describe the unusual presentation of metastatic serous carcinoma as inflammatory carcinoma over breast and discuss the diagnostic challenges in patients with coexisting primary breast and ovarian malignancies. We also review the morphologic features of tumors of breast and ovarian origin and the immunohistochemical stains to differentiate these 2 entities. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Report on the Clinical Outcomes of Permanent Breast Seed Implant for Early-Stage Breast Cancers

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pignol, Jean-Philippe, E-mail: j.p.pignol@erasmusmc.nl; Radiation Oncology Department, Erasmus Medical Center Cancer Institute, Rotterdam; Caudrelier, Jean-Michel

Purpose: Permanent breast seed implant is an accelerated partial breast irradiation technique realizing the insertion of {sup 103}Pd seeds in the seroma after lumpectomy. We report the 5-year efficacy and tolerance for a cohort, pooling patients from 3 clinical trials. Methods and Materials: The trials accrued postmenopausal patients with infiltrating ductal carcinoma or ductal carcinoma in situ ≤3 cm and clear surgical margins, who were node negative, and had a planning target volume <120 cm{sup 3}. The outcomes included overall and disease-free survival and local and contralateral recurrence at 5 years. The true local recurrence rate was compared using 2-tailed paired t testsmore » for estimates calculated using the Tufts University ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence and Memorial Sloan Kettering ductal carcinoma in situ nomograms. Results: The cohort included 134 patients, and the observed local recurrence rate at a median follow-up period of 63 months was 1.2% ± 1.2%, similar to the estimate for whole breast irradiation (P=.23), significantly better than for surgery alone (relative risk 0.27; P<.001), and significantly lower than contralateral recurrence (relative risk 0.33; P<.001). The 5-year overall survival rate was 97.4% ± 1.9%, and the disease-free survival rate was 96.4% ± 2.1%. At 2 months, 42% of the patients had erythema, 20% induration, and 16% moist desquamation. The rate of mainly grade 1 telangiectasia was 22.4% at 2 years and 24% at 5 years. The rate of asymptomatic induration was 23% at 2 years and 40% at 5 years. Conclusions: The 5-year data suggest that permanent breast seed implantation is a safe accelerated partial breast irradiation option after lumpectomy for early-stage breast cancer with a tolerance profile similar to that of whole breast irradiation.« less

Fringe projection application for surface variation analysis on helical shaped silicon breast

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vairavan, R.; Ong, N. R.; Sauli, Z.; Shahimin, M. M.; Kirtsaeng, S.; Sakuntasathien, S.; Alcain, J. B.; Paitong, P.; Retnasamy, V.

2017-09-01

Breast carcinoma is rated as a second collective cause of cancer associated death among adult females. Detection of the disease at an early stage would enhance the chance for survival. Established detection methods such as mammography, ultrasound and MRI are classified as non invasive breast cancer detection modality, but however they are not entire non-invasive as physical contact still occurs to the breast. Thus requirement for a complete non invasive and non contact is evident. Therefore, in this work, a novel application of digital fringe projection for early detection of breast cancer based on breast surface analysis is reported. Phase shift fringe projection technique and pixel tracing method was utilized to analyze the breast surface change due to the incidence of breast lump. Results have shown that the digital fringe projection is capable in detecting the existence of 1 cm sized lump within the breast sample.

Early Detection of Breast Cancer Using Posttranslationally Modified Biomarkers

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-03-01

1 and 2 in Globo H synthesis , Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105, 11667-11672. 18. Gilewski, T., Ragupathi, G., Bhuta, S., Williams, L. J., Musselli, C...carmustine and new proline analog of nitrosourea on antioxidant system in breast carcinoma cells (MCF-7), Drug Chem Toxicol 33, 55-63. 34. Galijasevic, S

Flat epithelial atypia of the breast.

PubMed

Lerwill, Melinda F

2008-04-01

Flat epithelial atypia is a presumably neoplastic alteration of terminal duct-lobular units that is characterized by the replacement of the native luminal epithelium by ductal cells demonstrating low-grade cytologic atypia. The atypical cells maintain a "flat" pattern of growth without evidence of architectural atypicality. Morphologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular investigations support that flat epithelial atypia represents an early step in the evolution of low-grade ductal carcinomas. It is frequently seen in association with atypical ductal hyperplasia, low-grade ductal carcinoma in situ, invasive tubular carcinoma, and lobular neoplasia. The risk for subsequent breast carcinoma remains to be defined, but flat epithelial atypia likely represents a nonobligate precursor with an extended time course to progression. Certain benign alterations may superficially mimic its appearance; careful attention to cytologic and architectural characteristics can help one distinguish these unrelated entities from flat epithelial atypia.

Docosahexaenoic Acid in Preventing Recurrence in Breast Cancer Survivors

ClinicalTrials.gov

2016-06-20

Benign Breast Neoplasm; Ductal Breast Carcinoma In Situ; Invasive Breast Carcinoma; Lobular Breast Carcinoma In Situ; Paget Disease of the Breast; Stage IA Breast Cancer; Stage IB Breast Cancer; Stage IIA Breast Cancer; Stage IIB Breast Cancer; Stage IIIA Breast Cancer; Stage IIIB Breast Cancer; Stage IIIC Breast Cancer

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nguyen, Brandon T., E-mail: Brandon.Nguyen@act.gov.au; Canberra Hospital, Radiation Oncology Department, Garran, ACT; Deb, Siddhartha

Purpose: To determine an appropriate clinical target volume for partial breast radiation therapy (PBRT) based on the spatial distribution of residual invasive and in situ carcinoma after wide local excision (WLE) for early breast cancer or ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Methods and Materials: We performed a prospective pathologic study of women potentially eligible for PBRT who had re-excision and/or completion mastectomy after WLE for early breast cancer or DCIS. A pathologic assessment protocol was used to determine the maximum radial extension (MRE) of residual carcinoma from the margin of the initial surgical cavity. Women were stratified by the closestmore » initial radial margin width: negative (>1 mm), close (>0 mm and {<=}1 mm), or involved. Results: The study population was composed of 133 women with a median age of 59 years (range, 27-82 years) and the following stage groups: 0 (13.5%), I (40.6%), II (38.3%), and III (7.5%). The histologic subtypes of the primary tumor were invasive ductal carcinoma (74.4%), invasive lobular carcinoma (12.0%), and DCIS alone (13.5%). Residual carcinoma was present in the re-excision and completion mastectomy specimens in 55.4%, 14.3%, and 7.2% of women with an involved, close, and negative margin, respectively. In the 77 women with a noninvolved radial margin, the MRE of residual disease, if present, was {<=}10 mm in 97.4% (95% confidence interval 91.6-99.5) of cases. Larger MRE measurements were significantly associated with an involved margin (P<.001), tumor size >30 mm (P=.03), premenopausal status (P=.03), and negative progesterone receptor status (P=.05). Conclusions: A clinical target volume margin of 10 mm would encompass microscopic residual disease in >90% of women potentially eligible for PBRT after WLE with noninvolved resection margins.« less

Mucinous Breast Cancer: a Review Study of 5 Year Experience from a Hospital-Based Series of Cases.

PubMed

Dumitru, Adrian; Procop, Alexandru; Iliesiu, Andreea; Tampa, Mircea; Mitrache, Luminita; Costache, Mariana; Sajin, Maria; Lazaroiu, Anca; Cirstoiu, Monica

2015-03-01

Mucinous carcinoma (also known as colloid carcinoma) is a particular type of breast cancer characterized by the presence of extracellular mucin and is linked with a more favorable prognosis than invasive breast carcinoma of no special type. Mucinous carcinoma of the breast is an uncommon form of breast tumor, often presenting as a lobulated, moderately well circumscribed mass on mammography, sonography, and MRI imaging. It accounts for 1 to 7% of all breast cancers. Pure mucinous breast carcinomas are rare and account for about 2% of all primary breast carcinomas. Metastatic disease happens at a lower rate than in other types of invasive carcinoma. We present our 5 year experience with this particular pathology in a retrospective review study. We identified 25 patients with mixed and pure mucinous breast cancer, the tumor size varied greatly from 2 to 19 cm in diameter. A subset of mixed mucinous carcinomas (8 cases) showed neuroendocrine differentiation or other associated premalignant lessions. Mucinous carcinoma of the breast is a rare entity with a favorable prognosis due to low incidence of lymph node metastases. Pure mucinous breast carcinoma has an even rare.

Mucinous Breast Cancer: a Review Study of 5 Year Experience from a Hospital-Based Series of Cases

PubMed Central

DUMITRU, Adrian; PROCOP, Alexandru; ILIESIU, Andreea; TAMPA, Mircea; MITRACHE, Luminita; COSTACHE, Mariana; SAJIN, Maria; LAZAROIU, Anca; CIRSTOIU, Monica

2015-01-01

Background: Mucinous carcinoma (also known as colloid carcinoma) is a particular type of breast cancer characterized by the presence of extracellular mucin and is linked with a more favorable prognosis than invasive breast carcinoma of no special type. Mucinous carcinoma of the breast is an uncommon form of breast tumor, often presenting as a lobulated, moderately well circumscribed mass on mammography, sonography, and MRI imaging. It accounts for 1 to 7% of all breast cancers. Pure mucinous breast carcinomas are rare and account for about 2% of all primary breast carcinomas. Metastatic disease happens at a lower rate than in other types of invasive carcinoma. Methods: We present our 5 year experience with this particular pathology in a retrospective review study. Results: We identified 25 patients with mixed and pure mucinous breast cancer, the tumor size varied greatly from 2 to 19 cm in diameter. A subset of mixed mucinous carcinomas (8 cases) showed neuroendocrine differentiation or other associated premalignant lessions. Conclusion: Mucinous carcinoma of the breast is a rare entity with a favorable prognosis due to low incidence of lymph node metastases. Pure mucinous breast carcinoma has an even rare. PMID:26225144

18F FPPRGD2 PET/CT or PET/MRI in Predicting Early Response in Patients With Cancer Receiving Anti-Angiogenesis Therapy

ClinicalTrials.gov

2017-03-12

Adult Giant Cell Glioblastoma; Adult Glioblastoma; Adult Gliosarcoma; Male Breast Cancer; Metastatic Squamous Neck Cancer With Occult Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma; Recurrent Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity; Recurrent Adult Brain Tumor; Recurrent Basal Cell Carcinoma of the Lip; Recurrent Breast Cancer; Recurrent Colon Cancer; Recurrent Esthesioneuroblastoma of the Paranasal Sinus and Nasal Cavity; Recurrent Hypopharyngeal Cancer; Recurrent Inverted Papilloma of the Paranasal Sinus and Nasal Cavity; Recurrent Laryngeal Cancer; Recurrent Lip and Oral Cavity Cancer; Recurrent Lymphoepithelioma of the Nasopharynx; Recurrent Lymphoepithelioma of the Oropharynx; Recurrent Metastatic Squamous Neck Cancer With Occult Primary; Recurrent Midline Lethal Granuloma of the Paranasal Sinus and Nasal Cavity; Recurrent Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity; Recurrent Nasopharyngeal Cancer; Recurrent Non-small Cell Lung Cancer; Recurrent Oropharyngeal Cancer; Recurrent Pancreatic Cancer; Recurrent Paranasal Sinus and Nasal Cavity Cancer; Recurrent Rectal Cancer; Recurrent Renal Cell Cancer; Recurrent Salivary Gland Cancer; Stage IIIA Breast Cancer; Stage IIIA Non-small Cell Lung Cancer; Stage IIIB Breast Cancer; Stage IIIB Non-small Cell Lung Cancer; Stage IIIC Breast Cancer; Stage IV Breast Cancer; Stage IV Non-small Cell Lung Cancer; Stage IV Pancreatic Cancer; Stage IV Renal Cell Cancer; Stage IVA Colon Cancer; Stage IVA Rectal Cancer; Stage IVA Salivary Gland Cancer; Stage IVB Colon Cancer; Stage IVB Salivary Gland Cancer; Stage IVC Salivary Gland Cancer; Tongue Cancer; Unspecified Adult Solid Tumor, Protocol Specific

Perigastric lymph node metastasis from papillary thyroid carcinoma in a patient with early gastric cancer: the first case report.

PubMed

Jeong, Gui-Ae; Kim, Hyung-Chul; Kim, Hee-Kyung; Cho, Gyu-Seok

2014-09-01

Distant metastasis from papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), particularly from papillary thyroid microcarcinoma, is rare. We present a case of perigastric lymph node metastasis from PTC in a patient with early gastric cancer and breast cancer. During post-surgical follow-up for breast cancer, a 56-year-old woman was diagnosed incidentally with early gastric cancer and synchronous left thyroid cancer. Therefore, laparoscopic distal gastrectomy with lymph node dissection and left thyroidectomy were performed. On the basis of the pathologic findings of the surgical specimens, the patient was diagnosed to have papillary thyroid microcarcinoma with perigastric lymph node metastasis and early gastric cancer with mucosal invasion. Finally, on the basis of immunohistochemical staining with galectin-3, the diagnosis of perigastric lymph node metastasis from PTC was made. When a patient has multiple primary malignancies with lymph node metastasis, careful pathologic examination of the surgical specimen is necessary; immunohistochemical staining may be helpful in determining the primary origin of lymph node metastasis.

Obstructive Jaundice as an Uncommon Manifestation of Metastatic Breast Cancer.

PubMed

Budimir, Ivan; Sabol Pusic, Mateja; Nikolic, Marko; Dorosulic, Zdravko; Ljubicic, Neven; Stajduhar, Emil; Mise, Ivana; Vazdar, Ljubica; Sarcevic, Bozena

2015-02-01

Invasive ductal carcinoma is the most common type of breast cancer and accounts for about 70-85% of all invasive breast carcinomas. It primarily metastasizes to the bone, lungs, regional lymph nodes, liver and brain. Most of breast cancer recurrence occurs within the first 5 years of diagnosis, particularly for ER negative disease. Gastrointestinal tract involvement is very rare and is detected in only 10% of all the cases, and it usually derives from lobular breast cancer rather than the much more common cell type of ductal breast cancer. Early diagnosis is very important because it enables prompt and adequate choice of treatment and improves patient's long-term prognosis. In this report we describe an unusual case of obstructive jaundice caused by metastases from invasive ductal breast cancer to the lymph nodes of the hepatoduodenal ligament with extramural compression of the distal common bile duct and tumor invasion to the lumen of the duct. Our goal is to emphasize possible diagnostic pitfalls and increase the clinical awareness and the importance of intensive follow-up in patients with breast cancer, even years after the initial diagnosis.

Bexarotene in Preventing Breast Cancer in Patients at High Risk for Breast Cancer

ClinicalTrials.gov

2018-05-16

Atypical Ductal Breast Hyperplasia; Atypical Lobular Breast Hyperplasia; BRCA1 Gene Mutation; BRCA2 Gene Mutation; Ductal Breast Carcinoma In Situ; Invasive Breast Carcinoma; Lobular Breast Carcinoma In Situ; No Evidence of Disease

Evaluation of PIK3CA mutations as a biomarker in Chinese breast carcinomas from Western China.

PubMed

Cheng, Jingliang; Fu, Shangyi; Wei, Chunli; Tania, Mousumi; Khan, Md Asaduzzaman; Imani, Saber; Zhou, Baixu; Chen, Hanchun; Xiao, Xiuli; Wu, Jingbo; Fu, Junjiang

2017-01-01

PIK3CA gene encodes the p110 α catalytic subunit of the oncoprotein phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3 K) which regulates many biological processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and survival through the activation of various signaling pathways. In this study, we have investigated the possible somatic mutations in PIK3CA gene in invasive ductal breast carcinomas of Chinese women from Western China. Genomic DNA was extracted from the formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples. The hotspot mutations in PIK3CA gene of exon 9 and exon 20 were studied by pyrosequencing. The sequencing identified two hotspot mutations in exon 20 of one cancer samples at p. H1047L (c. 3140A > T) and eight cancer sample at p. H1047R (c. 3140A > G). No mutation in exon 9 of PIK3CA gene was found in these breast cancer tissue samples. PIK3CA mutations showed surprising clinicopathological features in breast cancer patients, as incidence of lymph node invasiveness is increased in the patients with PIK3CA mutation. In addition, all the patients showed tumor size bigger than 3 cm in diameter. It is important that for early detection and early treatment for BC in developing countries or areas like Western China, and for people to provide popularization education using scientific knowledge in cancer fields. This study identified PIK3CA mutations in breast carcinoma patients of Western China that will enable a more rapid molecular diagnosis, and provide a stronger rationale evidence for development of precision therapeutic approaches as well as promising therapeutic targets for breast cancer treatment or patient management.

Predictive and Prognostic Brain Metastases Assessment in Luminal Breast Cancer Patients: FN14 and GRP94 from Diagnosis to Prophylaxis

PubMed Central

Martínez-Aranda, Antonio; Hernández, Vanessa; Moreno, Ferran; Baixeras, Núria; Cuadras, Daniel; Urruticoechea, Ander; Gil-Gil, Miguel; Vidal, Noemí; Andreu, Xavier; Seguí, Miquel A.; Ballester, Rosa; Castella, Eva; Sierra, Angels

2017-01-01

FN14 has been implicated in many intracellular signaling pathways, and GRP94 is a well-known endoplasmic reticulum protein regulated by glucose. Recently, both have been associated with metastasis progression in breast cancer patients. We studied the usefulness of FN14 and GRP94 expression to stratify breast cancer patients according their risk of brain metastasis (BrM) progression. We analyzed FN14 and GRP94 by immunohistochemistry in a retrospective multicenter study using tissue microarrays from 208 patients with breast carcinomas, of whom 52 had developed BrM. Clinical and pathological characteristics and biomarkers expression in Luminal and non-Luminal patients were analyzed using a multivariate logistic regression model adjusted for covariates, and brain metastasis-free survival (BrMFS) was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method and the Cox proportional hazards model. FN14 expression was associated with BrM progression mainly in Luminal breast cancer patients with a sensitivity (53.85%) and specificity (89.60%) similar to Her2 expression (46.15 and 89.84%, respectively). Moreover, the likelihood to develop BrM in FN14-positive Luminal carcinomas increased 36.70-fold (3.65–368.25, p = 0.002). Furthermore, the worst prognostic factor for BrMFS in patients with Luminal carcinomas was FN14 overexpression (HR = 8.25; 95% CI: 2.77–24.61; p = 0.00015). In these patients, GRP94 overexpression also increased the risk of BrM (HR = 3.58; 95% CI: 0.98–13.11; p = 0.054—Wald test). Therefore, FN14 expression in Luminal breast carcinomas is a predictive/prognostic biomarker of BrM, which combined with GRP94 predicts BrM progression in non-Luminal tumors 4.04-fold (1.19–8.22, p = 0.025), suggesting that both biomarkers are useful to stratify BrM risk at early diagnosis. We propose a new follow-up protocol for the early prevention of clinical BrM of breast cancer patients with BrM risk. PMID:29250484

Lymphoepithelioma-like Carcinoma of the Breast: A Case Report

PubMed Central

Top, Ömer Erdinç; Vardar, Enver; Yağcı, Ayşe; Deniz, Senem; Öztürk, Rafet; Zengel, Baha

2014-01-01

Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma carries similar histopathological features with lymphoepithelioma typically located in the nasopharynx. Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the breast can be mistaken for breast lymphoma or medullary carcinoma due to the undifferentiated appearance of tumor cells and presence of prominent lymphoid component. Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma is rare, and the similarity between medullary carcinoma of the breast makes it difficult to distinguish these two tumors. In the presented case, neither lymph node nor distant metastases were detected. Breast lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma is extremely rare with only 21 reported cases in the literature. Herein we present a 59-year-old woman with lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the breast along with the cases previously published in the literature. PMID:28331666

Metastatic breast carcinoma in the mandible presenting as a periodontal abscess: a case report.

PubMed

Poulias, Evmenios; Melakopoulos, Ioannis; Tosios, Konstantinos

2011-07-01

Tumors can metastasize to the oral cavity and affect the jaws, soft tissue and salivary glands. Oral cavity metastases are considered rare and represent approximately 1% of all oral malignancies. Because of their rarity and atypical clinical and radiographic appearance, metastatic lesions are considered a diagnostic challenge. The purpose of this report is to present a rare case of a metastatic breast carcinoma mimicking a periodontal abscess in the mandible. A 55-year-old Caucasian woman was referred to our clinic for evaluation of bisphosphonate-induced jaw osteonecrosis. She had undergone modified radical mastectomy with axillary lymph node dissection for invasive ductal carcinoma of the left breast. Her clinical examination showed diffuse swelling and a periodontal pocket of 6 mm exhibiting suppuration in the posterior right mandible. Moreover, paresthesia of the lower right lip and chin was noted. There were no significant radiographic findings other than alveolar bone loss due to her periodontal disease. Although the lesion resembled a periodontal abscess, metastatic carcinoma of the breast was suspected on the basis of the patient's medical history. The area was biopsied, and histological analysis confirmed the final diagnosis of metastatic breast carcinoma. The general dentist or dental specialist should maintain a high level of suspicion while evaluating patients with a history of cancer. Paresthesias of the lower lip and the chin should be considered ominous signs of metastatic disease. This case highlights the importance of the value of a detailed medical history and thorough clinical examination for the early detection of metastatic tumors in the oral cavity.

Metastatic breast carcinoma in the mandible presenting as a periodontal abscess: a case report

PubMed Central

2011-01-01

Introduction Tumors can metastasize to the oral cavity and affect the jaws, soft tissue and salivary glands. Oral cavity metastases are considered rare and represent approximately 1% of all oral malignancies. Because of their rarity and atypical clinical and radiographic appearance, metastatic lesions are considered a diagnostic challenge. The purpose of this report is to present a rare case of a metastatic breast carcinoma mimicking a periodontal abscess in the mandible. Case presentation A 55-year-old Caucasian woman was referred to our clinic for evaluation of bisphosphonate-induced jaw osteonecrosis. She had undergone modified radical mastectomy with axillary lymph node dissection for invasive ductal carcinoma of the left breast. Her clinical examination showed diffuse swelling and a periodontal pocket of 6 mm exhibiting suppuration in the posterior right mandible. Moreover, paresthesia of the lower right lip and chin was noted. There were no significant radiographic findings other than alveolar bone loss due to her periodontal disease. Although the lesion resembled a periodontal abscess, metastatic carcinoma of the breast was suspected on the basis of the patient's medical history. The area was biopsied, and histological analysis confirmed the final diagnosis of metastatic breast carcinoma. Conclusion The general dentist or dental specialist should maintain a high level of suspicion while evaluating patients with a history of cancer. Paresthesias of the lower lip and the chin should be considered ominous signs of metastatic disease. This case highlights the importance of the value of a detailed medical history and thorough clinical examination for the early detection of metastatic tumors in the oral cavity. PMID:21722359

Spectrum of the Breast Lesions With Increased 18F-FDG Uptake on PET/CT

PubMed Central

Dong, Aisheng; Wang, Yang; Lu, Jianping; Zuo, Changjing

2016-01-01

Abstract Interpretation of 18F-FDG PET/CT studies in breast is challenging owing to nonspecific FDG uptake in various benign and malignant conditions. Benign conditions include breast changes in pregnancy and lactation, gynecomastia, mastitis, fat necrosis, fibroadenoma, intraductal papilloma, and atypical ductal hyperplasia. Among malignancies, invasive ductal carcinoma and invasive lobular carcinoma are common histological types of breast carcinoma. Rarely, other unusual histological types of breast carcinomas (eg, intraductal papillary carcinoma, invasive micropapillary carcinoma, medullary carcinoma, mucinous carcinoma, and metaplastic carcinoma), lymphoma, and metastasis can be the causes. Knowledge of a wide spectrum of hypermetabolic breast lesions on FDG PET/CT is essential in accurate reading of FDG PET/CT. The purpose of this atlas article is to demonstrate features of various breast lesions encountered at our institution, both benign and malignant, which can result in hypermetabolism on FDG PET/CT imaging. PMID:26975010

Armc8 expression was elevated during atypia-to-carcinoma progression and associated with cancer development of breast carcinoma.

PubMed

Fan, Chuifeng; Zhao, Yang; Mao, Xiaoyun; Miao, Yuan; Lin, Xuyong; Jiang, Guiyang; Zhang, Xiupeng; Han, Qiang; Luan, Lan; Wang, Enhua

2014-11-01

Armadillo repeat-containing protein 8 (Armc8) is a key factor to regulate cell membrane adhesion complex through promoting α-catenin degradation. However, its expression and function in human malignant tumors are largely unknown. Here, we present our study investigating Armc8 expression in tumor and non-tumor breast tissues including 45 normal epithelia, 53 lesions of hyperplasia with or without dysplasia, 22 benign tumors, and 92 carcinomas including 28 carcinomas in situ and 64 infiltrating carcinomas using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blotting study. Armc8 expression was detected mainly in the cytoplasm with occasional membrane immunostaining. The positive rate of Armc8 expression in normal breast epithelia (8.9%, four out of 45) was very low. No significant difference was found between Armc8 expression in usual ductal hyperplasia (UDH) (11.1%, two out of 18), benign breast tumors including intraductal papilloma (10.0%, one out of 10) and fibroadenoma (8.3%, one out of 12), and normal breast epithelia (p>0.05). Elevated expression of Armc8 was found in breast epithelia with dysplasia (24.0%, six out of 25) compared to that in normal breast epithelia, UDH, and benign breast tumors (p<0.05). Armc8 expression in breast carcinoma including breast carcinoma in situ (10/28, 35.7%), infiltrating ductal carcinoma (60.7%, 34/56), and infiltrating lobular carcinoma (50.0%, 4/8) was higher than that in normal breast epithelia, UDH, benign breast tumors, and breast epithelia with dysplasia (p<0.05). The highest expression of Armc8 was found in infiltrating breast carcinoma (59.4%, 38/64) compared to all the other breast tissues. Higher Armc8 expression was found to be linked to lymph node metastasis and advanced tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stages (III+IV) in infiltrating breast carcinoma (p<0.05). We further confirmed Armc8 expression in breast epithelial cell line MCF10A and breast carcinoma cell lines including MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and ZR751 using Western blotting and immunofluorescent study. These results indicate that the elevated expression of Armc8 may be involved in carcinogenesis including atypia-to-carcinoma progression and cancer development of breast carcinoma.

Incidence of breast carcinoma in women with thyroid carcinoma.

PubMed

Vassilopoulou-Sellin, R; Palmer, L; Taylor, S; Cooksley, C S

1999-02-01

Breast carcinoma and differentiated thyroid carcinoma(the most common endocrine malignancy) occur predominantly in women. An association between the two tumors has been suggested by some investigators, but the potential impact of treatment of one of these diseases on the development of the other remains unclear. The authors examined the relation between the occurrence of these two tumors. There were 41,686 patients with breast carcinoma and 3662 with thyroid carcinoma who registered at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center between March 1944 and April 1997. Women who received both diagnoses since 1976 were identified and incidence rates and relative risks of secondary tumor development were calculated. Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program data on the age-adjusted incidences of these diseases during the same time period were used for the expected incidences in the same population. Among 18,931 women with a diagnosis of breast carcinoma since 1976, 11 developed differentiated thyroid carcinoma > or = 2 years after the diagnosis of breast carcinoma. These breast carcinoma patients contributed 129,336 person-years of follow-up; the observed incidence of thyroid carcinoma in this group was not different from that in a similar age group of women in the SEER database. Among 1013 women with a diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma since 1976, 24 developed breast carcinoma > or = 2 years after the diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma. These thyroid carcinoma patients contributed 8380 person-years of follow-up; the observed incidence of breast carcinoma in women ages 40-49 years was significantly higher than the expected incidence for women in the same age group in the SEER database. Breast carcinoma developing after thyroid carcinoma was diagnosed more frequently than expected in young adult women seen at the study institution since 1976. This potential association and plausible mechanisms of breast carcinoma development after thyroid carcinoma should be evaluated in larger cohorts of patients.

Vaccine Therapy With or Without Sirolimus in Treating Patients With NY-ESO-1 Expressing Solid Tumors

ClinicalTrials.gov

2016-10-03

Anaplastic Astrocytoma; Anaplastic Oligoastrocytoma; Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma; Estrogen Receptor Negative; Estrogen Receptor Positive; Glioblastoma; Hormone-Resistant Prostate Cancer; Metastatic Prostate Carcinoma; Metastatic Renal Cell Cancer; Recurrent Adult Brain Neoplasm; Recurrent Bladder Carcinoma; Recurrent Breast Carcinoma; Recurrent Colorectal Carcinoma; Recurrent Esophageal Carcinoma; Recurrent Gastric Carcinoma; Recurrent Hepatocellular Carcinoma; Recurrent Lung Carcinoma; Recurrent Melanoma; Recurrent Ovarian Carcinoma; Recurrent Prostate Carcinoma; Recurrent Renal Cell Carcinoma; Recurrent Uterine Corpus Carcinoma; Resectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma; Sarcoma; Stage IA Breast Cancer; Stage IA Ovarian Cancer; Stage IA Uterine Corpus Cancer; Stage IB Breast Cancer; Stage IB Ovarian Cancer; Stage IB Uterine Corpus Cancer; Stage IC Ovarian Cancer; Stage II Uterine Corpus Cancer; Stage IIA Breast Cancer; Stage IIA Lung Carcinoma; Stage IIA Ovarian Cancer; Stage IIB Breast Cancer; Stage IIB Esophageal Cancer; Stage IIB Lung Carcinoma; Stage IIB Ovarian Cancer; Stage IIB Skin Melanoma; Stage IIC Ovarian Cancer; Stage IIC Skin Melanoma; Stage IIIA Breast Cancer; Stage IIIA Esophageal Cancer; Stage IIIA Lung Carcinoma; Stage IIIA Ovarian Cancer; Stage IIIA Skin Melanoma; Stage IIIA Uterine Corpus Cancer; Stage IIIB Breast Cancer; Stage IIIB Esophageal Cancer; Stage IIIB Ovarian Cancer; Stage IIIB Skin Melanoma; Stage IIIB Uterine Corpus Cancer; Stage IIIC Breast Cancer; Stage IIIC Esophageal Cancer; Stage IIIC Ovarian Cancer; Stage IIIC Skin Melanoma; Stage IIIC Uterine Corpus Cancer; Stage IV Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma; Stage IV Esophageal Cancer; Stage IV Ovarian Cancer; Stage IV Prostate Cancer; Stage IV Skin Melanoma; Stage IVA Uterine Corpus Cancer; Stage IVB Uterine Corpus Cancer

Protoporphyrin IX fluorescence for enhanced photodynamic diagnosis and photodynamic therapy in murine models of skin and breast cancer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rollakanti, Kishore Reddy

Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) is a photosensitizing agent derived from aminolevulinic acid. PpIX accumulates specifically within target cancer cells, where it fluoresces and produces cytotoxic reactive oxygen species. Our aims were to employ PpIX fluorescence to detect squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the skin (Photodynamic diagnosis, PDD), and to improve treatment efficacy (Photodynamic therapy, PDT) for basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and cutaneous breast cancer. Hyperspectral imaging and a spectrometer based dosimeter system were used to detect very early SCC in UVB-irradiated murine skin, using PpIX fluorescence. Regarding PDT, we showed that low non-toxic doses of vitamin D, given before ALA application, increase tumor specific PpIX accumulation and sensitize BCC and breast cancer cells to ALA-PDT. These optical imaging methods and the combination therapy regimen (vitamin D and ALA-PDT) are promising tools for effective management of skin and breast cancer.

Obesity, Inflammation, and Postmenopausal Breast Cancer: Therapeutic Implications

PubMed Central

Macciò, Antonio; Madeddu, Clelia

2011-01-01

Breast cancer is the female malignant neoplasia with the highest incidence in the industrialized world. Although early diagnosis has contributed to therapeutic success, breast cancer remains a major health issue. In the last few year the hormone therapy for estrogen-dependent breast cancer has evolved achieving significant clinical results; at the same time, it has enabled us to better define the role of estrogens in the etiopathogenesis of this tumour. Weight increase and obesity have been identified as the most important risk and prognostic factors for breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the association of obesity with postmenopausal breast cancer. Specific obesity-associated factors, including leptin, insulin and inflammatory mediators, seem to influence breast cancer growth and prognosis independently of estrogens and at least in part by interacting with estrogen signalling at a cellular level. Therefore, a careful assessment of the nutritional status and body composition is paramount for a proper therapeutic approach for postmenopausal breast carcinoma. The use of antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory drugs associated with conventional hormone therapies and dietary/physical interventions could offer a new therapeutic approach for breast carcinoma that develops in the context of adiposity. PMID:22125453

A proven and highly cost-effective method of early detection of breast cancer for developing countries.

PubMed

Rebentisch, D P; Rebentisch, H D; Thomas, K; Karat, S; Jadhav, A J

1995-12-01

Carcinoma of the breast is the third most common cancer in Indian women. With rapid industrialization and effective control of communicable diseases, better diagnostic and treatment facilities, cancer is emerging as a major health problem. Since early detection is the only way to reduce morbidity and mortality from breast cancer, we undertook a pilot project to evaluate efficacy of using existing manpower and resources for screening women in the high risk group. Methodology pros and cons, results, and recommendations are presented. Our method can be adopted by any developing country interested in a screening programme for malignant disease.

[Variations in the diagnostic confirmation process between breast cancer mass screening units].

PubMed

Natal, Carmen; Fernández-Somoano, Ana; Torá-Rocamora, Isabel; Tardón, Adonina; Castells, Xavier

2016-01-01

To analyse variations in the diagnostic confirmation process between screening units, variations in the outcome of each episode and the relationship between the use of the different diagnostic confirmation tests and the lesion detection rate. Observational study of variability of the standardised use of diagnostic and lesion detection tests in 34 breast cancer mass screening units participating in early-detection programmes in three Spanish regions from 2002-2011. The diagnostic test variation ratio in percentiles 25-75 ranged from 1.68 (further appointments) to 3.39 (fine-needle aspiration). The variation ratio in detection rates of benign lesions, ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive cancer were 2.79, 1.99 and 1.36, respectively. A positive relationship between rates of testing and detection rates was found with fine-needle aspiration-benign lesions (R(2): 0.53), fine-needle aspiration-invasive carcinoma (R(2): 0 28), core biopsy-benign lesions (R(2): 0.64), core biopsy-ductal carcinoma in situ (R(2): 0.61) and core biopsy-invasive carcinoma (R(2): 0.48). Variation in the use of invasive tests between the breast cancer screening units participating in early-detection programmes was found to be significantly higher than variations in lesion detection. Units which conducted more fine-needle aspiration tests had higher benign lesion detection rates, while units that conducted more core biopsies detected more benign lesions and cancer. Copyright © 2016 SESPAS. Published by Elsevier Espana. All rights reserved.

Inflammatory Breast Carcinoma Presenting with Two Different Patterns of Cutaneous Metastases: Carcinoma Telangiectaticum and Carcinoma Erysipeloides

PubMed Central

Yaghoobi, Reza; Talaizade, Abdolhasan; Lal, Karan; Ranjbari, Nastaran; Sohrabiaan, Nasibe

2015-01-01

Cutaneous metastases can have many different clinical presentations. They are seen in patients with advanced malignant disease; however, they can be the initial manifestation of undetected malignancies. Inflammatory breast carcinoma is a rare and aggressive form of breast cancer that has a nonspecific appearance mimicking many benign conditions including mastitis, breast abscesses, and/or dermatitis. The authors report the case of a 40-year-old woman with inflammatory breast carcinoma presenting with violaceous papulovesicular lesions resembling lymphangioma circumscriptum and erythematous patches resembling erysipelas. These lesions represent two different types of cutaneous metastases, both of which were the initial signs of inflammatory breast carcinoma in the patient described herein. Skin biopsy of lesions confirmed invasive breast cancer and further prompted a work up for inflammatory breast carcinoma. This case demonstrates the importance of follow-up for all breast lesions, even those considered to be of benign nature, for they can be presenting signs of metastatic breast cancer. PMID:26345728

Pembrolizumab and Ruxolitinib Phosphate in Treating Patients With Metastatic Stage IV Triple Negative Breast Cancer

ClinicalTrials.gov

2018-03-05

Breast Carcinoma Metastatic in the Bone; Estrogen Receptor Negative; HER2/Neu Negative; Progesterone Receptor Negative; Recurrent Breast Carcinoma; Stage IV Breast Cancer; Triple-Negative Breast Carcinoma

Investigation of Three Approaches to Address Fear of Recurrence Among Breast Cancer Survivors

ClinicalTrials.gov

2017-08-16

Breast Neoplasms; Breast Cancer; Breast Carcinoma; Malignant Neoplasm of Breast; Cancer of Breast; Mammary Neoplasm, Human; Human Mammary Carcinoma; Malignant Tumor of Breast; Mammary Cancer; Mammary Carcinoma; Anxiety; Fear; Neoplasm Remission, Spontaneous; Spontaneous Neoplasm Regression; Regression, Spontaneous Neoplasm; Remission, Spontaneous Neoplasm; Spontaneous Neoplasm Remission

Viral Therapy In Treating Patients With Recurrent or Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck Cancer or Metastatic Breast Cancer

ClinicalTrials.gov

2018-02-16

Estrogen Receptor Negative; Estrogen Receptor Positive; Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma; HER2/Neu Negative; HER2/Neu Positive; Invasive Breast Carcinoma; Progesterone Receptor Negative; Progesterone Receptor Positive; Recurrent Head and Neck Carcinoma; Stage IV Breast Cancer; Triple-Negative Breast Carcinoma

Mirvetuximab Soravtansine and Gemcitabine Hydrochloride in Treating Patients With FRa-Positive Recurrent Ovarian, Primary Peritoneal, Fallopian Tube, Endometrial, or Triple Negative Breast Cancer

ClinicalTrials.gov

2018-02-21

Estrogen Receptor Negative; HER2/Neu Negative; Progesterone Receptor Negative; Recurrent Breast Carcinoma; Recurrent Fallopian Tube Carcinoma; Recurrent Ovarian Carcinoma; Recurrent Primary Peritoneal Carcinoma; Recurrent Uterine Corpus Carcinoma; Triple-Negative Breast Carcinoma; Folate Receptor Alpha Positive

Nanoparticle Albumin-Bound Rapamycin in Treating Patients With Advanced Cancer With mTOR Mutations

ClinicalTrials.gov

2018-06-01

Advanced Malignant Neoplasm; Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma; Endometrial Carcinoma; Malignant Uterine Neoplasm; Recurrent Bladder Carcinoma; Recurrent Breast Carcinoma; Recurrent Cervical Carcinoma; Recurrent Head and Neck Carcinoma; Recurrent Malignant Neoplasm; Recurrent Ovarian Carcinoma; Recurrent Prostate Carcinoma; Recurrent Renal Cell Carcinoma; Solid Neoplasm; Stage III Bladder Cancer; Stage III Prostate Cancer; Stage III Renal Cell Cancer; Stage IIIA Breast Cancer; Stage IIIA Cervical Cancer; Stage IIIA Ovarian Cancer; Stage IIIB Breast Cancer; Stage IIIB Cervical Cancer; Stage IIIB Ovarian Cancer; Stage IIIC Breast Cancer; Stage IIIC Ovarian Cancer; Stage IV Breast Cancer; Stage IV Ovarian Cancer; Stage IV Prostate Cancer; Stage IV Renal Cell Cancer; Stage IVA Bladder Cancer; Stage IVA Cervical Cancer; Stage IVB Bladder Cancer; Stage IVB Cervical Cancer

Veliparib in Combination With Carboplatin and Paclitaxel in Treating Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors

ClinicalTrials.gov

2015-05-22

Adult Solid Neoplasm; Estrogen Receptor Negative; Estrogen Receptor Positive; HER2/Neu Negative; Male Breast Carcinoma; Progesterone Receptor Negative; Recurrent Breast Carcinoma; Stage IIIB Breast Cancer; Stage IIIC Breast Cancer; Stage IV Breast Cancer; Triple-Negative Breast Carcinoma

Colonic metastasis from breast carcinoma: a case report.

PubMed

Tsujimura, Kazuma; Teruya, Tsuyoshi; Kiyuna, Masaya; Higa, Kuniki; Higa, Junko; Iha, Kouji; Chinen, Kiyoshi; Asato, Masaya; Takushi, Yasukatsu; Ota, Morihito; Dakeshita, Eijirou; Nakachi, Atsushi; Gakiya, Akira; Shiroma, Hiroshi

2017-07-05

Colonic metastasis from breast carcinoma is very rare. Here, we report a case of colonic metastasis from breast carcinoma. The patient was a 51-year-old woman. She had upper abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea, repeatedly. We performed abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) to investigate these symptoms. The CT scan revealed a tumor in the ascending colon with contrast enhancement and showed an expanded small intestine. For further investigation of this tumor, we performed whole positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT). The PET-CT scan revealed fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in the ascending colon, mesentery, left breast, and left axillary region. Analysis of biopsy samples obtained during colonoscopy revealed signet ring cell-like carcinoma. Moreover, biopsy of the breast tumor revealed invasive lobular carcinoma. Therefore, the preoperative diagnosis was colonic metastasis from breast carcinoma. Open ileocecal resection was performed. The final diagnosis was multiple metastatic breast carcinomas, and the TNM classification was T2N1M1 Stage IV. We presented a rare case of colonic metastasis from breast carcinoma. PET-CT may be useful in the diagnosis of metastatic breast cancer. When analysis of biopsy samples obtained during colonoscopy reveals signet ring cell-like carcinoma, the possibility of breast cancer as the primary tumor should be considered.

Nonimaging aspects of follow-up in breast cancer reconstruction.

PubMed

Wood, W C

1991-09-01

Follow-up of patients with breast cancer is directed to the early detection of recurrent or metastatic disease and the detection of new primary breast cancer. The survival benefit of early detection is limited to some patients with local failure or new primary tumors. That imaging is not used in follow-up of patients who have had breast cancer reconstruction is related to possible interference with this putative benefit by the reconstructive procedure. Such follow-up is accomplished by the patient's own surveillance, clinical examination, and laboratory testing supplemented by imaging studies. Clinical follow-up trials of women who have undergone breast reconstructive surgery show no evidence that locally recurrent breast carcinoma is masked when compared with follow-up of women who did not undergo reconstructive procedures. Reshaping of the contralateral breast to match the reconstructed breast introduces the possibility of interference with palpation as well as mammographic distortion in some women. This is an uncommon practical problem except when complicated by fat necrosis.

Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma Co-Existing with Intraductal Papillary Carcinoma of Male Breast: A Rare Case Report.

PubMed

Kumar, Mayank; Pottipati, Bhaswanth; Arakeri, Surekha U; Javalgi, Anita P

2017-06-01

Male breast carcinomas are rare tumours, accounting for less than 1% of all malignancies in men. Intracystic Papillary Carcinoma (IPC) in males is a very rare entity, representing 5-7.5% of all male breast carcinomas. It lacks the classical clinical, radiological and cytological features of malignancy and usually presents as a benign-appearing lump. We report a case of Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma (IDC) co-existing with intracystic papillary carcinoma in a 53-year-old male who presented with lump in the right breast.

Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma Co-Existing with Intraductal Papillary Carcinoma of Male Breast: A Rare Case Report

PubMed Central

Pottipati, Bhaswanth; Arakeri, Surekha U.; Javalgi, Anita P.

2017-01-01

Male breast carcinomas are rare tumours, accounting for less than 1% of all malignancies in men. Intracystic Papillary Carcinoma (IPC) in males is a very rare entity, representing 5-7.5% of all male breast carcinomas. It lacks the classical clinical, radiological and cytological features of malignancy and usually presents as a benign-appearing lump. We report a case of Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma (IDC) co-existing with intracystic papillary carcinoma in a 53-year-old male who presented with lump in the right breast. PMID:28764176

Biopsy confirmed benign breast disease, postmenopausal use of exogenous female hormones, and breast carcinoma risk.

PubMed

Byrne, C; Connolly, J L; Colditz, G A; Schnitt, S J

2000-11-15

A history of proliferative benign breast disease has been shown to increase the risk of developing breast carcinoma, but, to the authors' knowledge, how postmenopausal exogenous female hormone use, in general, has affected breast carcinoma risk among women with a history of proliferative breast disease with or without atypia has not been well established. In the current case-control study, nested within the Nurses' Health Study, benign breast biopsy slides of 133 postmenopausal breast carcinoma cases and 610 controls with a history of benign breast disease, were reviewed. Reviewers had no knowledge of case status. Women with proliferative disease without atypia had a relative risk for postmenopausal breast carcinoma of 1.8 (95%, confidence interval [CI]: 1.1 to 2.8), and women with atypical hyperplasia had a relative risk of 3.6 (95%, CI: 2.0 to 6.4) compared with women who had nonproliferative benign histology. Neither current postmenopausal use of exogenous female hormones nor long term use for 5 or more years further increased the risk of breast carcinoma in the study population beyond that already associated with their benign histology. Women who had proliferative benign breast disease, with or without atypia, were at moderately to substantially increased risk of developing postmenopausal breast carcinoma compared with women who had nonproliferative benign conditions. In the current study, postmenopausal exogenous female hormone use in general did not further increase the breast carcinoma risk for women with proliferative benign breast disease. However, the analysis did not exclude the possibility of increased risk with a particular hormone combination or dosage. Copyright 2000 American Cancer Society.

Psychosocial distress affecting patients with ductal carcinoma in situ compared to patients with early invasive breast cancer.

PubMed

Sanders, Judith Brown; Loftin, Adam; Seda, Julia S; Ehlenbeck, Chris

2014-12-01

Psychological distress in patients with a diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or early invasive breast cancer (EIBC) can emanate from perceived risk of recurrence and is accompanied by perceived risk of death from the diseases. These factors can impart a lower quality of life that can result in poorer health outcomes. In addition, inaccurate risk perceptions can have an effect on decision making, psychosocial outcomes, and subsequent health behaviors. The purpose of this study is to assess patients with DCIS and EIBC and their perceived risk of recurrence and perceived risk of dying, and evaluate their outlook for the future, the degree of social support from spouses and significant others of patients who have been diagnosed with DCIS and EIBC, and the relationship to the patient's perceived risk perception of recurrence and dying from the diseases.

Inflammatory metastatic breast cancer with gallbladder metastasis: an incidental finding.

PubMed

Ebrahim, Hassan; Graham, David; Rice, David; Ribadeneyra, Michael; Thorner, Kim; Shipley, William; Wehmueller, Michael

2015-07-01

Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women, with an estimated 231,840 new cases representing 14.0% of all new cancer cases in the United States in 2015. Early screening and modern techniques of imaging and diagnosis have led to a significant improvement in detecting early-stage breast cancers and to a decrease in the incidence of metastatic breast cancer (MBC). About 20%-30% of patients who are initially diagnosed with an early-stage, nonmetastatic breast cancer will subsequently develop a distant metastatic disease. Between 6%-10% of the new breast cancer cases present initially as stage IV, referred to as de novo MBC. The most common sites of breast cancer metastases are lymph nodes, chest wall, skeleton, lung, skin, and the central nervous system (CNS). Lobular carcinoma, in particular, may metastasize to the gastrointestinal tract, peritoneum, and retroperitoneum. Gallbladder metastasis from breast cancer is very rare, and only 15-20 cases have been reported in the literature. Most of those cases have been associated particularly with a lobular histology. We report an additional rare case of MBC to the gallbladder, but with a ductal histology. ©2015 Frontline Medical Communications.

Initial experience of automated breast volume scanning (ABVS) and ultrasound elastography in predicting breast cancer subtypes and staging.

PubMed

Wang, Xiao-Lei; Tao, Lin; Zhou, Xian-Li; Wei, Hong; Sun, Jia-Wei

2016-12-01

Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease consisting of distinct histopathological subtypes with different clinical outcomes. In this article, we identified the automated breast volume scanning (ABVS) and shear wave velocity (SWV) characteristics of different pathological types of breast carcinoma. A retrospective review of both ABVS and SWV imaging of 118 consecutive breast masses was performed. The imaging features of both techniques were assessed with reference to histopathological results. Echo heterogeneity with a smooth and lobulated margin was a significant feature more frequently found in mucinous carcinoma groups (100%, P < 0.05). Between different stages of ductal carcinoma, echo homogeneity was more likely in high-grade ductal carcinomas (P < 0.05). SWV differences existed between inside tumor areas and either tumor boundary or tissues outside the tumors (P < 0.05), and values differed between different breast carcinoma stages. The central and tumor margin areas of ductal carcinomas were much harder than in tubular carcinoma and micro-carcinoma, respectively (P < 0.05). SWV ROC curve analyses yielded a cut-off value of 3.015 m/s between ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive ductal carcinoma in the central part of lesions, with 83.5% sensitivity and 80% specificity for T0 vs T1-3 staging. Since some features were associated with different breast carcinoma types and stages, ABVS and SWV imaging has the potential to give clues about breast carcinoma differentiation in a non-invasive manner. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Stereotactic Image-Guided Navigation During Breast Reconstruction in Patients With Breast Cancer

ClinicalTrials.gov

2017-04-12

Ductal Breast Carcinoma in Situ; Lobular Breast Carcinoma in Situ; Recurrent Breast Cancer; Stage IA Breast Cancer; Stage IB Breast Cancer; Stage II Breast Cancer; Stage IIIA Breast Cancer; Stage IIIB Breast Cancer; Stage IIIC Breast Cancer; Stage IV Breast Cancer

SMAD4 is a potential prognostic marker in human breast carcinomas

PubMed Central

Liu, Nan-nan; Xi, Yue; Callaghan, Michael U.; Fribley, Andrew; Moore-Smith, Lakisha; Zimmerman, Jacquelyn W.; Pasche, Boris

2014-01-01

SMAD4 is a downstream mediator of transforming growth factor beta. While its tumor suppressor function has been investigated as a prognostic biomarker in several human malignancies, its role as a prognostic marker in breast carcinoma is still undefined. We investigated SMAD4 expression in breast carcinoma samples of different histologic grades to evaluate the association between SMAD4 and outcome in breast cancer. We also investigated the role of SMAD4 expression status in MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells in responding to TGF-β stimulation. SMAD4 expression was assessed in 53 breast ductal carcinoma samples and in the surrounding normal tissue from 50 of the samples using immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and real-time PCR. TGF-β-SMAD and non-SMAD signaling was assessed by Western blot in MDA-MB-468 cells with and without SMAD4 restoration. SMAD4 expression was reduced in ductal breast carcinoma as compared to surrounding uninvolved ductal breast epithelia (p <0.05). SMAD4 expression levels decreased from Grade 1 to Grade 3 ductal breast carcinoma as assessed by immunohistochemistry (p <0.05). Results were recapitulated by tissue array. In addition, immunohistochemistry results were further confirmed at the protein and mRNA level. We then found that non-SMAD MEK/MAPK signaling was significantly different between SMAD4 expressing MDA-MB-468 cells and SMAD4-null MDA-MB-468 cells. This is the first study indicating that SMAD4 plays a key role in shifting MAPK signaling. Further, we have demonstrated that SMAD4 has a potential role in the development of breast carcinoma and SMAD4 was a potential prognostic marker of breast carcinoma. Our findings further support the role of SMAD4 in breast carcinoma development. In addition, we observed an inverse relationship between SMAD4 levels and breast carcinoma histological grade. Our finding indicated that SMAD4 expression level in breast cancer cells played a role in responding non-SMAD signaling but not the canonic SMAD signaling. Further mechanistic studies are necessary to establish the role of SMAD4 in breast carcinoma prognosis and potential specific targeting. PMID:23975369

Hypofractionated Radiation Therapy in Treating Patients With Stage 0-IIB Breast Cancer

ClinicalTrials.gov

2018-05-11

Ductal Breast Carcinoma In Situ; Invasive Breast Carcinoma; Stage 0 Breast Cancer; Stage I Breast Cancer; Stage IA Breast Cancer; Stage IB Breast Cancer; Stage II Breast Cancer; Stage IIA Breast Cancer; Stage IIB Breast Cancer

MMP13 is potentially a new tumor marker for breast cancer diagnosis.

PubMed

Chang, Hui-Jen; Yang, Ming-Je; Yang, Yu-Hsiang; Hou, Ming-Feng; Hsueh, Er-Jung; Lin, Shiu-Ru

2009-11-01

Within the past decade, the incidence of breast cancer in Taiwan has been rising year after year. Breast cancer is the first most prevalent cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women in Taiwan. The early stage of breast cancer not only have a wider range of therapeutic options, but also obtain a higher success rate of therapy than those with advanced breast cancer. A test for tumor markers is the most convenient method to screen for breast cancer. However, the tumor markers currently available for breast cancer detection include carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 15.3 (CA15.3), and carbohydrate antigen 27.29 (CA27.29) exhibited certain limitations. Poor sensitivity and specificity greatly limits the diagnostic accuracy of these markers. This study aims to identify potential tumor markers for breast cancer. At first, we analyzed genes expression in infiltrating lobular carcinoma, metaplastic carcinoma, and infiltrating ductal carcinoma of paired specimens (tumor and normal tissue) from breast cancer patients using microarray technology. We selected 371 overexpressed genes in all of the three cell type. In advanced breast cancer tissue, we detected four genes MMP13, CAMP, COL10A1 and FLJ25416 from 25 overexpressed genes which encoded secretion protein more specifically for breast cancer than other genes. After validation with 15 pairs of breast cancer tissue and paired to normal adjacent tissues by membrane array and quantitative RT-PCR, we found MMP13 was 100% overexpressed and confirmed to be a secreted protein by Western blot analysis of the cell culture medium. The expression level of MMP13 was also measured by immunohistochemical staining. We suggest that MMP13 is a highly overexpressed secretion protein in breast cancer tissue. It has potential to be a new tumor marker for breast cancer diagnosis.

WT1 immunoreactivity in breast carcinoma: selective expression in pure and mixed mucinous subtypes.

PubMed

Domfeh, Akosua B; Carley, AnnaMarie L; Striebel, Joan M; Karabakhtsian, Rouzan G; Florea, Anca V; McManus, Kim; Beriwal, Sushil; Bhargava, Rohit

2008-10-01

Current literature suggests that strong WT1 expression in a carcinoma of unknown origin virtually excludes a breast primary. Our previous pilot study on WT1 expression in breast carcinomas has shown WT1 expression in approximately 10% of carcinomas that show mixed micropapillary and mucinous morphology (Mod Pathol 2007;20(Suppl 2):38A). To definitively assess as to what subtype of breast carcinoma might express WT1 protein, we examined 153 cases of invasive breast carcinomas. These consisted of 63 consecutive carcinomas (contained 1 mucinous tumor), 20 cases with micropapillary morphology (12 pure and 8 mixed), 6 micropapillary 'mimics' (ductal no special type carcinomas with retraction artifacts), 33 pure mucinous carcinomas and 31 mixed mucinous carcinomas (mucinous mixed with other morphologic types). Overall, WT1 expression was identified in 33 carcinomas, that is, 22 of 34 (65%) pure mucinous carcinomas and in 11 of 33 (33%) mixed mucinous carcinomas. The non-mucinous component in these 11 mixed mucinous carcinomas was either a ductal no special type carcinoma (8 cases) or a micropapillary component (3 cases). WT1 expression level was similar in both the mucinous and the non-mucinous components. The degree of WT1 expression was generally weak to moderate (>90% cases) and rarely strong (<10% cases). None of the breast carcinoma subtype unassociated with mucinous component showed WT1 expression.

A Phase I Study of LJM716 in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck, or HER2+ Breast Cancer or Gastric Cancer

ClinicalTrials.gov

2014-04-21

HER2 + Breast Cancer, HER2 + Gastric Cancer, Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck, Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma; HER2 + Breast Cancer; HER2 + Gastric Cancer; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Septic disruption of lactiferous ducts with heterogeneous carcinoma of the breast in a lactating woman.

PubMed

Naim, Mohammed; John, Vanesa T; Gaur, Kavita; Anees, Afzal

2010-08-06

This report documents the diagnostic histopathological features of heterogeneous breast carcinoma following sepsis and disruption of the lactiferous ducts in a lactating woman and discusses the pathogenesis. Sections from the nipple revealed disrupted collecting lactiferous ducts presenting with intraduct precarcinoma and carcinoma of the epidermoid type, and attached reparative sprouts lined by lactiferous cells. Breast lobules showed generalised benign adenotic change with various foci of carcinoma microscopically identifiable as intraduct primitive lactiferal ectodermal carcinoma, lactating carcinoma, primitive neuroendocrine carcinoma and myoepithelioid granulomatous carcinoma. The findings led to the conclusion that the lactiferous ducts are susceptible to sepsis and disruption, which may predispose a patient to breast carcinoma. The pattern of carcinoma suggested that lactiferous epithelial cells behaved colonially, with different metaplastic changes, precarcinoma and carcinoma.

Omega-3 Fatty Acid in Treating Patients With Stage I-III Breast Cancer

ClinicalTrials.gov

2018-06-25

Ductal Breast Carcinoma in Situ; Lobular Breast Carcinoma in Situ; Male Breast Cancer; Stage IA Breast Cancer; Stage IB Breast Cancer; Stage II Breast Cancer; Stage IIIA Breast Cancer; Stage IIIB Breast Cancer; Stage IIIC Breast Cancer

Adenoid cystic carcinomas of the salivary gland, lacrimal gland, and breast are morphologically and genetically similar but have distinct microRNA expression profiles.

PubMed

Andreasen, Simon; Tan, Qihua; Agander, Tina Klitmøller; Steiner, Petr; Bjørndal, Kristine; Høgdall, Estrid; Larsen, Stine Rosenkilde; Erentaite, Daiva; Olsen, Caroline Holkmann; Ulhøi, Benedicte Parm; von Holstein, Sarah Linéa; Wessel, Irene; Heegaard, Steffen; Homøe, Preben

2018-02-21

Adenoid cystic carcinoma is among the most frequent malignancies in the salivary and lacrimal glands and has a grave prognosis characterized by frequent local recurrences, distant metastases, and tumor-related mortality. Conversely, adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast is a rare type of triple-negative (estrogen and progesterone receptor, HER2) and basal-like carcinoma, which in contrast to other triple-negative and basal-like breast carcinomas has a very favorable prognosis. Irrespective of site, adenoid cystic carcinoma is characterized by gene fusions involving MYB, MYBL1, and NFIB, and the reason for the different clinical outcomes is unknown. In order to identify the molecular mechanisms underlying the discrepancy in clinical outcome, we characterized the phenotypic profiles, pattern of gene rearrangements, and global microRNA expression profiles of 64 salivary gland, 9 lacrimal gland, and 11 breast adenoid cystic carcinomas. All breast and lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinomas had triple-negative and basal-like phenotypes, while salivary gland tumors were indeterminate in 13% of cases. Aberrations in MYB and/or NFIB were found in the majority of cases in all three locations, whereas MYBL1 involvement was restricted to tumors in the salivary gland. Global microRNA expression profiling separated salivary and lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinoma from their respective normal glands but could not distinguish normal breast adenoid cystic carcinoma from normal breast tissue. Hierarchical clustering separated adenoid cystic carcinomas of salivary gland origin from those of the breast and placed lacrimal gland carcinomas in between these. Functional annotation of the microRNAs differentially expressed between salivary gland and breast adenoid cystic carcinoma showed these as regulating genes involved in metabolism, signal transduction, and genes involved in other cancers. In conclusion, microRNA dysregulation is the first class of molecules separating adenoid cystic carcinoma according to the site of origin. This highlights a novel venue for exploring the biology of adenoid cystic carcinoma.

[Breast carcinoma metastasis to the gastrointestinal tract and tumour-to-tumour metastasis to renal cell carcinoma].

PubMed

Mosholt, Karina Sif Søndergaard; Pilt, Anette Pedersen; Wittendorff, Hans-Erik

2015-04-06

Breast carcinoma metastasis to the gastrointestinal tract and tumour-to-tumour metastasis is rare. We describe a case of a 71-year-old woman with previous breast cancer presenting with dyspepsia, nausea and weight-loss. Biopsies from the pylorus revealed what appeared to be a gastric carcinoma. A CT scan showed large kidney mass and biopsies revealed clear cell renal cell carcinoma with areas of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Subsequent immunohistochemical analysis revealed the presence of breast carcinoma in both locations.

Fulvestrant and/or Anastrozole in Treating Postmenopausal Patients With Stage II-III Breast Cancer Undergoing Surgery

ClinicalTrials.gov

2018-06-08

Estrogen Receptor-positive Breast Cancer; HER2-negative Breast Cancer; Invasive Ductal Breast Carcinoma; Invasive Lobular Breast Carcinoma; Recurrent Breast Cancer; Stage II Breast Cancer; Stage IIIA Breast Cancer; Stage IIIB Breast Cancer; Stage IIIC Breast Cancer

Cadherin-11 in poor prognosis malignancies and rheumatoid arthritis: common target, common therapies

PubMed Central

Hampel, Constanze; Anastasiadis, Panos Z.; Kallakury, Bhaskar; Uren, Aykut; Foley, David W; Brown, Milton L.; Shapiro, Lawrence; Brenner, Michael; Haigh, David; Byers, Stephen W.

2014-01-01

Cadherin-11 (CDH11), associated with epithelial to mesenchymal transformation in development, poor prognosis malignancies and cancer stem cells, is also a major therapeutic target in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). CDH11 expressing basal-like breast carcinomas and other CDH11 expressing malignancies exhibit poor prognosis. We show that CDH11 is increased early in breast cancer and ductal carcinoma in-situ. CDH11 knockdown and antibodies effective in RA slowed the growth of basal-like breast tumors and decreased proliferation and colony formation of breast, glioblastoma and prostate cancer cells. The repurposed arthritis drug celecoxib, which binds to CDH11, and other small molecules designed to bind CDH11 without inhibiting COX-2 preferentially affect the growth of CDH11 positive cancer cells in vitro and in animals. These data suggest that CDH11 is important for malignant progression, and is a therapeutic target in arthritis and cancer with the potential for rapid clinical translation PMID:24681547

[Male breast cancer].

PubMed

Beyrouti, Mohamed I; Kharrat Koubaa, Madiha; Affes, Najmeddine; Ben Ali, Issam; Abbes, Imed; Frikha, Mounir; Daoud, Jamel; Kechaou, Mohamed; Jlidi, Rachid

2003-01-01

This study has been realized to determine epidemiological profile and clinico-pathologic aspects of male breast cancer in the south of Tunisia. We has counted and analysed all male breast cancers diagnosed in the general surgery department of the Sfax university teaching hospital with proof pathologic or to defect cytologic of malignancy, between 1989 and 2000. In the court of these years 23 new cases of mammary cancer has been diagnosed at the man. The average patient age was 68 years (extremes 40 and 95 years). According to TNM classification of 1988, 4.3% were classified T1, 26.1% T2, 8.6% T3 and 61% T4; 22% of tumors were M1. Histology found: 3 in-situ carcinomas (13%), 18 ductular infiltrating carcinomas (79%), 1 papillary cystadenocarcinoma, and 1 neuro-endocrin tumor. The clinic profile of male breast cancer in our country rest again relatively little frequent and its clinic profile resist alarming. To get better prognosis it is important to increase information and to promote early detection.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast, 20 years of experience in a single center with review of literature.

PubMed

Treitl, Daniela; Radkani, Pejman; Rizer, Magda; El Hussein, Siba; Paramo, Juan C; Mesko, Thomas W

2018-01-01

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the breast is a rare type of breast cancer, which presents inconsistencies in the optimal management strategy. A retrospective review of prospectively collected data, spanning the last 20 years, was performed using the cancer registry database at our institution. Six patients were diagnosed with ACC of the breast, out of 5,813 total patients diagnosed with breast cancer (0.1%). Our identified patients had a median age of 66, all with the early stage cancer (Stage I/II). The average size of the breast lesion was 1.62 cm, and nodal status was negative for all cases. All patients had resection as primary therapy (partial or total mastectomy), with one patient also undergoing external beam radiation and tamoxifen hormonal therapy. Median follow-up was 85 months, with all patients being disease-free at last follow-up. ACC of the breast has an indolent course, despite triple negative status. Our study suggests that radiation may not be warranted and confirms the rarity of axillary node metastases, indicating that sentinel node excision may also not be necessary. Ultimately, the hope is that our findings along with the reviewed literature will aid in determining the most appropriate options for management of ACC of the breast.

[Breast metastases from extramammary malignancies in men].

PubMed

Murakami, T; Hideura, S; Shimizu, R; Shimizu, T; Yano, K; Ishihara, T

1985-12-01

Metastases to the breast from extramammary carcinomas are rare. Carcinoma of the male breast is generally regarded as primary in origin and uncommon, accounting for less than 0.42% of all malignancies in men. Tow men who presented with breast malignancies in the course of their prostatic carcinoma are described. One was metastasis to the breast from prostatic cancer, the other from pancreatic cancer. The prostatic origin of these carcinomas, was confirmed by histological findings and immunocytochemical demonstration of prostatic acid phosphatase with the avidin-biotin-complex method.

GATA-3 and FOXA1 expression is useful to differentiate breast carcinoma from other carcinomas.

PubMed

Davis, Drew G; Siddiqui, Momin T; Oprea-Ilies, Gabriela; Stevens, Keith; Osunkoya, Adeboye O; Cohen, Cynthia; Li, Xiaoxian Bill

2016-01-01

GATA-3, a member of the GATA family of zinc-finger DNA binding proteins, and FOXA1, a member of the forkhead transcription factor family, are both associated with estrogen receptor expression. Both GATA-3 and FOXA1 are useful markers for breast carcinoma, but their expression in the different breast cancer subtypes and other neoplasms has not been thoroughly evaluated. We examined the expression of GATA-3 and FOXA1 in estrogen receptor-positive, Her2/neu-positive, and triple-negative breast carcinomas as well as in 10 other common carcinomas, including hepatocellular, colonic, pancreatic, gastric, endometrial (endometrioid), lung, prostatic, renal cell, urothelial, and ovarian serous carcinomas. Primary and metastatic melanomas and mesotheliomas were also evaluated. GATA-3 and FOXA1 staining of estrogen receptor-positive breast carcinomas was seen in 96.6% and 96.2%, respectively. In triple-negative breast carcinomas, GATA-3 and FOXA1 staining was seen in 21.6% and 15.9%, respectively. Among the other tumors, GATA-3 staining was only seen in urothelial carcinoma (70.9%) and FOXA1 staining was only seen in prostatic (87.5%), urothelial (5.1%) carcinomas, and mesotheliomas (40.0%). In conclusion, GATA-3 and FOXA1 are excellent breast carcinoma markers; however, their utility is limited in the triple-negative subtype. The utility of FOXA1 in diagnosing prostatic carcinoma and mesothelioma warrants further investigation. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Multi-epitope Folate Receptor Alpha Peptide Vaccine, Sargramostim, and Cyclophosphamide in Treating Patients With Triple Negative Breast Cancer

ClinicalTrials.gov

2018-06-18

Bilateral Breast Carcinoma; Estrogen Receptor Negative; HER2/Neu Negative; Progesterone Receptor Negative; Stage IB Breast Cancer AJCC v7; Stage II Breast Cancer AJCC v6 and v7; Stage IIA Breast Cancer AJCC v6 and v7; Stage IIB Breast Cancer AJCC v6 and v7; Stage III Breast Cancer AJCC v7; Stage IIIA Breast Cancer AJCC v7; Stage IIIB Breast Cancer AJCC v7; Stage IIIC Breast Cancer AJCC v7; Stage IV Breast Cancer AJCC v6 and v7; Triple-Negative Breast Carcinoma; Unilateral Breast Carcinoma

Case report of metastatic invasive breast lobular carcinoma to the urinary bladder.

PubMed

Al Ibraheemi, Ahmed A

2016-01-01

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women except skin cancer. The common metastatic sites include lymph node, lung, liver and bone. However, metastasis to the bladder is extremely rare. To our knowledge, this is the first case of breast cancer metastasis to urinary bladder in Jordan which is reported. Nine years after the initial diagnosis of lobular breast carcinoma, the patient suffered from left side leg edema; Ultrasonography and Computed tomography scanning showed thickening of posterior bladder wall and bilateral hydronephrosis. The biopsy of the bladder confirmed metastatic lesion from the breast. In contrast to the primary tumor, bladder metastasis showed negative expression of estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors. However, Her2neu test was negative in both. The reported case confirms that bladder metastasis from breast cancer tend to occur late after the diagnosis of the primary tumor. Furthermore, bladder metastasis can be asymptomatic and heterogeneous in ER and PR expression in comparison with the primary tumor. This report supports the need for careful follow-up and early intervention whenever such clinical situation is suspected. This report supports further evaluation of receptor status at time of metastasis.

Transdermal or Oral Telapristone Acetate in Treating Patients Undergoing Mastectomy

ClinicalTrials.gov

2018-01-22

BRCA1 Mutation Carrier; BRCA2 Mutation Carrier; Ductal Breast Carcinoma In Situ; Lobular Breast Carcinoma In Situ; Stage 0 Breast Cancer; Stage IA Breast Cancer; Stage IB Breast Cancer; Stage IIA Breast Cancer; Stage IIB Breast Cancer

Soy Isoflavones Supplementation in Treating Women at High Risk For or With Breast Cancer

ClinicalTrials.gov

2018-03-30

BRCA1 Mutation Carrier; BRCA2 Mutation Carrier; Ductal Breast Carcinoma in Situ; Lobular Breast Carcinoma in Situ; Stage IA Breast Cancer; Stage IB Breast Cancer; Stage II Breast Cancer; Stage IIIA Breast Cancer; Stage IIIB Breast Cancer

Cisplatin With or Without Veliparib in Treating Patients With Recurrent or Metastatic Triple-Negative and/or BRCA Mutation-Associated Breast Cancer With or Without Brain Metastases

ClinicalTrials.gov

2018-06-26

Breast Carcinoma Metastatic in the Brain; Deleterious BRCA1 Gene Mutation; Deleterious BRCA2 Gene Mutation; Estrogen Receptor Negative; HER2/Neu Negative; Progesterone Receptor Negative; Recurrent Breast Carcinoma; Stage IV Breast Cancer AJCC v6 and v7; Triple-Negative Breast Carcinoma

Educational Counseling in Improving Communication and Quality of Life in Spouses and Breast Cancer Patients

ClinicalTrials.gov

2018-02-06

Anxiety Disorder; Depression; Ductal Breast Carcinoma in Situ; Lobular Breast Carcinoma in Situ; Psychosocial Effects of Cancer and Its Treatment; Stage IA Breast Cancer; Stage IB Breast Cancer; Stage II Breast Cancer; Stage IIIA Breast Cancer; Stage IIIB Breast Cancer; Stage IIIC Breast Cancer

Utility of immunohistochemistry in distinguishing primary adenocarcinomas from metastatic breast carcinomas in the gastrointestinal tract.

PubMed

O'Connell, Fionnuala P; Wang, Helen H; Odze, Robert D

2005-03-01

Breast carcinoma often metastasizes to the gastrointestinal tract, especially the stomach, where it is frequently difficult to distinguish from a primary gastric carcinoma. To evaluate the utility of immunohistochemical stains in differentiating primary gastric carcinomas from metastatic breast carcinomas. Mucosal biopsy specimens from 47 adenocarcinomas involving the gastrointestinal tract (28 primary gastric carcinomas and 19 metastatic breast carcinomas) and 16 control cases of primary breast carcinomas without metastasis were immunohistochemically stained for estrogen receptor protein (ER), progesterone receptor protein (PR), gross cystic disease fluid protein (GCDFP), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 protein, cytokeratin (CK) 5/6, CK/7, CK/20, a panel of mucin glycoprotein antigens (MUC2, MUC3, MUC5AC, and MUC6), monoclonal antibody DAS-1, and caudal-type homeobox transcription factor CDX2 and compared between primary and metastatic adenocarcinomas. Highly significant proportions of metastatic breast carcinomas were positive for ER (72%), PR (33%), GCDFP (78%), and CK5/6 (61%) compared with primary gastric carcinomas (ER, 0%; PR, 0%; GCDFP, 0%; and CK5/6, 14%) (P < .001, P = .002, P < .001, and P = .004, respectively). Of these immunostains, ER, PR, and GCDFP were 100% specific. Primary breast tumors and their metastases showed a similar phenotypic profile. In contrast, primary gastric carcinomas showed significantly higher proportions of cases that stained with CK20 (50%), MUC2 (54%), MUC5AC (71%), MUC6 (39%), DAS-1 (43%), and CDX2 (67%) compared with metastatic breast carcinomas (CK20, 0%; MUC2, 24%; MUC5AC, 6%; MUC6, 0%; DAS-1, 0%; and CDX2, 0%) (P = .001, P = .01, P < .001, P = .02, P = .009, and P < .001, respectively). No significant differences were observed with regard to any of the other immunostains (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 protein, CK7, and MUC3) between the patient groups. Estrogen receptor protein, PR, GCDFP, CK5/6, CK20, MUC5AC, MUC6, DAS-1, and CDX2 are helpful in distinguishing primary gastric carcinomas from metastatic breast carcinomas. Of these, ER, PR, and GCDFP are highly specific for metastatic breast carcinomas, whereas CK20, DAS-1, MUC2, MUC5AC, MUC6, and CDX2 are highly specific for primary gastric carcinomas.

Lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2), a new regulator of cell polarity required for metastatic dissemination of basal-like breast carcinomas

PubMed Central

Moreno-Bueno, Gema; Salvador, Fernando; Martín, Alberto; Floristán, Alfredo; Cuevas, Eva P; Santos, Vanesa; Montes, Amalia; Morales, Saleta; Castilla, Maria Angeles; Rojo-Sebastián, Alejandro; Martínez, Alejandra; Hardisson, David; Csiszar, Katalin; Portillo, Francisco; Peinado, Héctor; Palacios, José; Cano, Amparo

2011-01-01

Basal-like breast carcinoma is characterized by the expression of basal/myoepithelial markers, undifferentiated phenotype, highly aggressive behaviour and frequent triple negative status (ESR−, PR−, Her2neu−). We have previously shown that epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) occurs in basal-like breast tumours and identified Lysyl-oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2) as an EMT player and poor prognosis marker in squamous cell carcinomas. We now show that LOXL2 mRNA is overexpressed in basal-like human breast carcinomas. Breast carcinoma cell lines with basal-like phenotype show a specific cytoplasmic/perinuclear LOXL2 expression, and this subcellular distribution is significantly associated with distant metastatic incidence in basal-like breast carcinomas. LOXL2 silencing in basal-like carcinoma cells induces a mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) associated with a decrease of tumourigenicity and suppression of metastatic potential. Mechanistic studies indicate that LOXL2 maintains the mesenchymal phenotype of basal-like carcinoma cells by a novel mechanism involving transcriptional downregulation of Lgl2 and claudin1 and disorganization of cell polarity and tight junction complexes. Therefore, intracellular LOXL2 is a new candidate marker of basal-like carcinomas and a target to block metastatic dissemination of this aggressive breast tumour subtype. PMID:21732535

Pembrolizumab and Enobosarm in Treating Patients With Androgen Receptor Positive Metastatic Triple Negative Breast Cancer

ClinicalTrials.gov

2018-04-05

Androgen Receptor Positive; Estrogen Receptor Negative; HER2/Neu Negative; Progesterone Receptor Negative; Recurrent Breast Carcinoma; Stage III Breast Cancer; Stage IIIA Breast Cancer; Stage IIIB Breast Cancer; Stage IIIC Breast Cancer; Stage IV Breast Cancer; Triple-Negative Breast Carcinoma

Talazoparib and HSP90 Inhibitor AT13387 in Treating Patients With Metastatic Advanced Solid Tumor or Recurrent Ovarian, Fallopian Tube, Primary Peritoneal, or Triple Negative Breast Cancer

ClinicalTrials.gov

2016-07-22

Adult Solid Neoplasm; Estrogen Receptor Negative; Fallopian Tube Serous Neoplasm; HER2/Neu Negative; Ovarian Serous Adenocarcinoma; Ovarian Serous Tumor; Primary Peritoneal Serous Adenocarcinoma; Progesterone Receptor Negative; Recurrent Breast Carcinoma; Recurrent Fallopian Tube Carcinoma; Recurrent Ovarian Carcinoma; Recurrent Primary Peritoneal Carcinoma; Triple-Negative Breast Carcinoma

Neoadjuvant Pembrolizumab + Decitabine Followed by Std Neoadj Chemo for Locally Advanced HER2- Breast Ca

ClinicalTrials.gov

2018-04-17

Breast Adenocarcinoma; Estrogen Receptor- Negative Breast Cancer; Estrogen Receptor-positive Breast Cancer; HER2/Neu Negative; Invasive Breast Carcinoma; Progesterone Receptor Negative; Progesterone Receptor Positive Tumor; Stage II Breast Cancer; Stage IIA Breast Cancer; Stage IIB Breast Cancer; Stage IIIA Breast Cancer; Stage IIIB Breast Cancer; Triple-negative Breast Carcinoma

Genomic features of lobular breast carcinoma

Cancer.gov

Investigators with The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Research Network have identified molecular characteristics of a type of breast cancer, invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC), that distinguishes it from invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), the most common invasive breast cancer subtype.

Genomic features of lobular breast carcinoma - TCGA

Cancer.gov

Investigators with The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Research Network have identified molecular characteristics of a type of breast cancer, invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC), that distinguishes it from invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), the most common invasive breast cancer subtype.

Breast implant capsule-associated squamous cell carcinoma: a report of 2 cases.

PubMed

Olsen, Daniel L; Keeney, Gary L; Chen, Beiyun; Visscher, Daniel W; Carter, Jodi M

2017-09-01

The use of prosthetic implants for breast augmentation has become commonplace. Although implants do not increase the risk of conventional mammary carcinoma, they are rarely associated with anaplastic large cell lymphoma. We report 2 cases of breast implant capsule-associated squamous cell carcinoma with poor clinical outcomes. Both patients (56-year-old woman and 81-year-old woman) had long-standing implants (>25 years) and presented with acute unilateral breast enlargement. In both cases, squamous cell carcinoma arose in (focally dysplastic) squamous epithelium-lined breast implant capsules and widely invaded surrounding breast parenchyma or chest wall. Neither patient had evidence of a primary mammary carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma at any other anatomic site. Within 1 year, one patient developed extensive, treatment-refractory, locoregional soft tissue metastasis, and the second patient developed hepatic and soft tissue metastases and died of disease. There are 2 prior reported cases of implant-associated squamous cell carcinoma in the plastic surgery literature; one provides no pathologic staging or outcome information, and the second case was a capsule-confined squamous cell carcinoma. Together, all 4 cases share notable commonalities: the patients had long-standing breast implants and presented with acute unilateral breast pain and enlargement secondary to tumors arising on the posterior aspect of squamous epithelialized implant capsules. Because of both its rarity and its unusual clinical presentation, implant capsule-associated squamous cell carcinoma may be underrecognized. The aggressive behavior of the tumors in this series underscores the importance of excluding malignancy in patients with long-standing breast implants who present with acute unilateral breast pain and enlargement. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Association of Locoregional Control With High Body Mass Index in Women Undergoing Breast Conservation Therapy for Early-Stage Breast Cancer

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bergom, Carmen; Kelly, Tracy; Bedi, Meena

Purpose: Obesity, as measured by the body mass index (BMI), is a risk factor for distant recurrence and decreased survival in breast cancer. We sought to determine whether the BMI correlated with local recurrence and reduced survival in a cohort of predominantly obese women treated with breast conservation therapy. Methods and Materials: From 1998 to 2010, 154 women with early-stage invasive breast cancer and 39 patients with ductal carcinoma in situ underwent prone whole breast irradiation. Cox proportional hazards regression, Kaplan-Meier methods with the log-rank test, and multivariate analysis were used to explore the association of the outcomes with themore » BMI. Results: The median patient age was 60 years, and the median follow-up duration was 73 months. The median BMI was 33.2 kg/m{sup 2}; 91% of the patients were overweight (BMI ≥25 kg/m{sup 2}) and 69% of the patients were clinically obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m{sup 2}). The BMI was significantly associated with the locoregional recurrence-free interval for patients with invasive cancer and ductal carcinoma in situ (hazard ratio [HR], 1.09; P=.047). Also, a trend was seen for increased locoregional recurrence with a higher BMI (P=.09) for patients with invasive disease, which was significant when examining the outcomes with a BMI stratified by the median value of 33.2 kg/m{sup 2} (P=.008). A greater BMI was also significantly associated with decreased distant recurrence-free interval (HR, 1.09; P=.011) and overall survival (HR, 1.09; P=.004); this association remained on multivariate analysis (distant recurrence-free interval, P=.034; overall survival, P=.0007). Conclusions: These data suggest that the BMI might affect the rate of locoregional recurrence in breast cancer patients. A higher BMI predicted a worse distant recurrence-free interval and overall survival. The present investigation adds to the increasing evidence that BMI is an important prognostic factor in early-stage breast cancer treated with breast conservation therapy.« less

Benefits of the quality assured double and arbitration reading of mammograms in the early diagnosis of breast cancer in symptomatic women.

PubMed

Waldmann, Annika; Kapsimalakou, Smaragda; Katalinic, Alexander; Grande-Nagel, Isabell; Stoeckelhuber, Beate M; Fischer, Dorothea; Barkhausen, Joerg; Vogt, Florian M

2012-05-01

To address the benefits of double and arbitration reading regarding tumour detection rates, percentage of in situ tumours, and number (of patients) needed to send for expert reading (number needed to treat; NNT) for one additional tumour finding. QuaMaDi is a quality assured breast cancer diagnosis programme; with two-view mammography (craniocaudal, mediolateral oblique) and, in case of breast density ACR 3 or 4, routine ultrasound imaging; and with independent double reading of all images. A consecutive sample of symptomatic women, i.e. women at risk for breast cancer, women aged 70 and above, and/or women with preceding BI-RADS III findings, was analysed. 28,558 mammograms were performed (mean age of women: 57.3 [standard deviation: 12.3] years). Discordant findings were present in 3,837 double readings and were sent for arbitration reading. After histopathological assessment, 52 carcinomas were found (thereof 32% in situ). These carcinomas accounted for 1.8 tumours per 1,000 examinations in the total cohort and increased the tumour detection rate up to 16.4/1,000. The NNT in discordant cases was 74. Double and arbitration reading appears to be a useful tool to ensure the quality of early detection of breast lesions in symptomatic women during indication-based, standardised mammography. • Quality assured breast cancer diagnosis is feasible outside organised screening structures. • Double and arbitration reading is beneficial for populations ineligible for screening. • Double and arbitration reading increases the tumour detection rate. • Double and arbitration reading increases the percentage of in situ cancers.

Platinum Based Chemotherapy or Capecitabine in Treating Patients With Residual Triple-Negative Basal-Like Breast Cancer Following Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy

ClinicalTrials.gov

2017-12-07

Estrogen Receptor Negative; HER2/Neu Negative; Invasive Breast Carcinoma; Progesterone Receptor Negative; Stage II Breast Cancer; Stage IIA Breast Cancer; Stage IIB Breast Cancer; Stage III Breast Cancer; Stage IIIA Breast Cancer; Stage IIIB Breast Cancer; Stage IIIC Breast Cancer; Triple-Negative Breast Carcinoma

BRCA1, TP53, and CHEK2 germline mutations in uterine serous carcinoma.

PubMed

Pennington, Kathryn P; Walsh, Tom; Lee, Ming; Pennil, Christopher; Novetsky, Akiva P; Agnew, Kathy J; Thornton, Anne; Garcia, Rochelle; Mutch, David; King, Mary-Claire; Goodfellow, Paul; Swisher, Elizabeth M

2013-01-15

Uterine serous carcinoma (USC) is not recognized as part of any defined hereditary cancer syndrome, and its association with hereditary breast and ovarian carcinoma and Lynch syndrome are uncertain. Using targeted capture and massively parallel genomic sequencing, 151 subjects with USC were assessed for germline mutations in 30 tumor suppressor genes, including BRCA1 (breast cancer 1, early onset), BRCA2, the DNA mismatch repair genes (MLH1 [mutL homolog 1], MSH2 [mutS homolog 2], MSH6, PMS2 [postmeiotic segregation increased 2]), TP53 (tumor protein p53), and 10 other genes in the Fanconi anemia-BRCA pathway. Ten cases with < 10% serous histology were also assessed. Seven subjects (4.6%) carried germline loss-of-function mutations: 3 subjects (2.0%) with mutations in BRCA1, 2 subjects (1.3%) with mutations in TP53, and 2 subjects (1.3%) with mutations in CHEK2 (checkpoint kinase 2). One subject with < 10% serous histology had an MSH6 mutation. Subjects with MSH6 and TP53 mutations had neither personal nor family histories suggestive of Lynch or Li-Fraumeni syndromes. Of the 22 women with USC and a personal history of breast carcinoma, the frequency of BRCA1 mutations was 9%, compared to 0.9% in 119 women with no such history. Approximately 5% of women with USC have germline mutations in 3 different tumor suppressor genes: BRCA1, CHEK2, and TP53. Mutations in DNA mismatch repair genes that cause Lynch syndrome are rare in USC. The germline BRCA1 mutation rate in USC subjects of 2% is higher than expected in a nonfounder population, suggesting that USC is associated with hereditary breast and ovarian carcinoma in a small proportion of cases. Women with USC and breast cancer should be offered genetic testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. Copyright © 2012 American Cancer Society.

Gastric metastasis 14 years after mastectomy for breast lobular carcinoma: case report and literature review.

PubMed

Aurello, Paolo; D'Angelo, Francesco; Cosenza, Giulia; Petrocca, Sergio; Stoppacciaro, Antonella; Ramacciato, Giovanni; Ziparo, Vincenzo

2006-05-01

In planning treatment of a gastric neoplasm in a patient previously treated for lobular breast carcinoma, it is important to differentiate a primary gastrointestinal tract tumor from a metastatic form. We report a case of a breast lobular carcinoma metastatic to the stomach. The patient underwent a subtotal gastrectomy for symptomatic disease. Although gastric symptoms appeared 14 years after the breast carcinoma, immunohistochemical analysis of the surgical specimen helped to establish that the gastric lesion, thought to be primary, was effectively a metastatic repetition of the breast neoplasm. To better define treatment in a gastric neoplasm patient previously treated for breast carcinoma, the preoperative diagnosis should rule out a metastatic disease. The patient described received an adjuvant chemotherapy according to breast cancer protocol after gastric resection for symptomatic disease. The patient is still alive and undergoing chemotherapy for peritoneal carcinosis.

Rectal metastasis from lobular breast carcinoma 15 years after primary diagnosis.

PubMed

López Deogracias, Maite; Flores Jaime, Laura; Arias-Camisón, Iñaki; Zamacola, Ilde; Murillo Guibert, Jesús; Suescun García, Rosa; Querejeta Usabiaga, Juan; Martínez García, Francisco

2010-02-01

Lobular breast carcinoma represents 2-20% of infiltrative carcinomas of the breast. The incidence of extrahepatic gastrointestinal (GI) tract metastases observed in necropsy studies varies from 6% to 18% and the most commonly affected organ is the stomach, followed by colon and rectum [1-4]. Reported herein is the case of a 67-year-old woman who was primarily diagnosed and surgically treated for a lobular carcinoma of the breast 15 years ago and is now referred with back pain and right hydronephrosis caused by a metastasis in rectum. Frequently, the absence of specific symptoms of digestive metastases of breast cancer leads to a misdiagnosis of this pathology [5-7]. The treatment will be based on a detailed clinical history and histopathological findings. Metastases from breast cancer in GI tract tumours must be excluded in a patient with previous history of breast carcinoma, as in the case reported herein.

S1415CD, Trial Assessing CSF Prescribing Effectiveness and Risk (TrACER)

ClinicalTrials.gov

2018-03-20

Febrile Neutropenia; Stage 0 Breast Cancer; Stage 0 Colorectal Cancer; Stage 0 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer; Stage I Colorectal Cancer; Stage IA Breast Cancer; Stage IA Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma; Stage IB Breast Cancer; Stage IB Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma; Stage IIA Breast Cancer; Stage IIA Colorectal Cancer; Stage IIA Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma; Stage IIB Breast Cancer; Stage IIB Colorectal Cancer; Stage IIB Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma; Stage IIC Colorectal Cancer; Stage IIIA Breast Cancer; Stage IIIA Colorectal Cancer; Stage IIIA Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer; Stage IIIB Breast Cancer; Stage IIIB Colorectal Cancer; Stage IIIB Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer; Stage IIIC Breast Cancer; Stage IIIC Colorectal Cancer; Stage IV Breast Cancer; Stage IV Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer; Stage IVA Colorectal Cancer; Stage IVB Colorectal Cancer

Role of Fos-related antigen 1 in the progression and prognosis of ductal breast carcinoma

PubMed Central

Logullo, Angela Flavia; Stiepcich, Mônica Maria Ágata; de Toledo Osório, Cintia Aparecida Bueno; Nonogaki, Sueli; Pasini, Fátima Solange; Rocha, Rafael Malagoli; Soares, Fernando Augusto; Brentani, Maria M

2011-01-01

Aims Fos-related antigen 1 (Fra-1) is a member of the activator protein 1 (AP-1) transcription factor family. Our objective was to evaluate the role of Fra-1 expression in breast carcinoma progression and prognosis. Methods and results Fra-1 expression was investigated by immunohistochemistry in two tissue microarrays containing, respectively, 85 ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and 771 invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) samples. Staining was observed in the nucleus and cytoplasm of the carcinomas, but only nuclear staining was considered to be positive. Fibroblasts associated with IDC were also Fra-1-positive. The frequency of Fra-1 positivity in IDC (22.8%) was lower than that in DCIS (42.2%). No association was found between Fra-1 and clinico-pathological variables in DCIS. In IDC, Fra-1 expression correlated with aggressive phenotype markers, including: high grade, oestrogen receptor negativity and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) positivity (P = 0.001, 0.015 and 0.004, respectively), and marginally with the presence of metastasis (P = 0.07). Fra-1 was more frequently positive in basal-like (34%) and in HER-2-positive (38.5%) subtypes than in luminal subtypes. Fra-1 presence did not correlate with survival. Conclusions A high frequency of Fra-1 in DCIS tumours may be associated with early events in breast carcinogenesis. Although Fra-1 expression correlated with features of a more aggressive phenotype in IDC, no relationship with overall survival was found. PMID:21371080

Pembrolizumab and Capecitabine in Treating Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Triple Negative or Hormone-Refractory Breast Cancer That Cannot Be Removed by Surgery

ClinicalTrials.gov

2018-03-15

Estrogen Receptor Negative; HER2/Neu Negative; Progesterone Receptor Negative; Recurrent Breast Carcinoma; Stage III Breast Cancer; Stage IIIA Breast Cancer; Stage IIIB Breast Cancer; Stage IIIC Breast Cancer; Stage IV Breast Cancer; Triple-Negative Breast Carcinoma

Fusions of Breast Carcinoma and Dendritic Cells as a Vaccine for the Treatment of Metatastic Breast Cancer.

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-07-01

cancer. Breast carcinoma cells were isolated from a malignant pleural effusion and were identified by expression of MUC1. Mature DC and tumor cells...malignant effusions or resected tumor lesions as per an institutionally approved protocol. Human breast carcinoma cell lines MCF-7 and ZR-751 were purchased

Primary peritoneal serous carcinoma presenting as inflammatory breast cancer.

PubMed

Khalifeh, Ibrahim; Deavers, Michael T; Cristofanilli, Massimo; Coleman, Robert L; Malpica, Anais; Gilcrease, Michael Z

2009-01-01

Metastasis to the breast from extramammary malignancies is rare. Nevertheless, its recognition is important because the prognosis and treatment differ from that of primary breast cancer. We report a unique case of primary peritoneal serous carcinoma that initially presented as inflammatory breast cancer. The patient received neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer and subsequently underwent bilateral total mastectomy and bilateral sentinel lymph node biopsy. She was found to have extensive intralymphatic carcinoma in both breasts, with only focal minimal breast parenchymal involvement, and residual metastatic carcinoma in bilateral sentinel lymph nodes. Further work-up revealed pelvic ascites and omental nodularities. The patient underwent laparoscopic bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, which revealed high-grade serous carcinoma involving both ovaries and fallopian tubes. Molecular testing of tumor from the ovary and axillary lymph node showed an identical pattern of allelic loss, confirming a common origin for both tumors. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of an extramammary primary malignancy that not only presented as inflammatory breast cancer but also was diagnosed and initially treated as such.

The histological diagnosis of metastases to the breast from extramammary malignancies

PubMed Central

Lee, Andrew H S

2007-01-01

This study aims to review histological and immunohistochemical features that are useful in the diagnosis of metastases to the breast. Histological features were compared between non‐haematological metastases to the breast and 100 consecutive core biopsy specimens of primary invasive carcinomas of the breast. 18 non‐haematological metastases to the breast were diagnosed over a 10‐year period (0.3% of malignant mammary tumours). Elastosis and carcinoma in situ were seen only in primary mammary cancers. Two‐thirds of tumours had features raising the possibility of metastasis, such as clear cell carcinoma suggestive of renal origin and small cell carcinoma suggestive of pulmonary origin. The features observed in haematological metastases are also described. Immunohistochemical panels to distinguish mammary carcinoma (oestrogen receptor, gross cystic fluid protein‐15) from common metastases to the breast, including carcinoma of the lung (thyroid transcription factor‐1), malignant melanoma (S100, HMB45, melan‐A) and ovarian serous papillary carcinoma (Wilms' tumour 1), are discussed. The pathologist has a key role in considering the diagnosis of metastasis to the breast if the histological features are unusual for a primary mammary tumour. The clinical history is vital in some cases. Immunohistochemistry plays a useful supplementary role. PMID:18042689

The histological diagnosis of metastases to the breast from extramammary malignancies.

PubMed

Lee, Andrew H S

2007-12-01

This study aims to review histological and immunohistochemical features that are useful in the diagnosis of metastases to the breast. Histological features were compared between non-haematological metastases to the breast and 100 consecutive core biopsy specimens of primary invasive carcinomas of the breast. 18 non-haematological metastases to the breast were diagnosed over a 10-year period (0.3% of malignant mammary tumours). Elastosis and carcinoma in situ were seen only in primary mammary cancers. Two-thirds of tumours had features raising the possibility of metastasis, such as clear cell carcinoma suggestive of renal origin and small cell carcinoma suggestive of pulmonary origin. The features observed in haematological metastases are also described. Immunohistochemical panels to distinguish mammary carcinoma (oestrogen receptor, gross cystic fluid protein-15) from common metastases to the breast, including carcinoma of the lung (thyroid transcription factor-1), malignant melanoma (S100, HMB45, melan-A) and ovarian serous papillary carcinoma (Wilms' tumour 1), are discussed. The pathologist has a key role in considering the diagnosis of metastasis to the breast if the histological features are unusual for a primary mammary tumour. The clinical history is vital in some cases. Immunohistochemistry plays a useful supplementary role.

Olaparib and Onalespib in Treating Patients With Solid Tumors That Are Metastatic or Cannot Be Removed by Surgery or Recurrent Ovarian, Fallopian Tube, Primary Peritoneal, or Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

ClinicalTrials.gov

2018-05-18

Estrogen Receptor Negative; HER2/Neu Negative; High Grade Fallopian Tube Serous Adenocarcinoma; High Grade Ovarian Serous Adenocarcinoma; Metastatic Malignant Solid Neoplasm; Primary Peritoneal High Grade Serous Adenocarcinoma; Progesterone Receptor Negative; Recurrent Breast Carcinoma; Recurrent Fallopian Tube Carcinoma; Recurrent Ovarian Carcinoma; Recurrent Primary Peritoneal Carcinoma; Triple-Negative Breast Carcinoma; Unresectable Solid Neoplasm

Successful management of synchronous recurrent breast carcinoma with chronic myelogenous leukemia: a case report.

PubMed

Elm'hadi, Choukri; Khmamouche, Mohamed Reda; Tanz, Rachid; Toreis, Mehdi; Mahtat, ElMehdi; Allaoui, Mohammed; Oukabli, Mohammed; Messaoudi, Nezha; Errihani, Hassan; Ichou, Mohammed

2017-01-10

Survival is increasing after early breast cancer revealing frequent relapses and possibility of developing secondary malignancies. The concomitant occurrence of these two events is exceptionally disastrous and lethal. We report a case of a Moroccan woman who was successfully managed for synchronous recurrent breast carcinoma and chronic myelogenous leukemia. A 42-year-old Moroccan woman was diagnosed with localized breast carcinoma in 2008. She received six cycles of an adjuvant chemotherapy regimen, radiation therapy and hormonal therapy by tamoxifen. After completion of 5 years of tamoxifen our patient reported asthenia; a physical examination found hepatomegaly, massive splenomegaly measuring 21 cm and supraclavicular lymphadenopathy. The staging showed lung and liver metastases. Morphology and immunohistochemical profile of this metastasis identified an adenocarcinoma of mammary origin. In parallel, the diagnosis of chronic myeloid leukemia was suspected because of the presence of a leukocytosis at 355 × 10 9 /L, with circulating blasts of 4%. Chronic myeloid leukemia was confirmed by a bone marrow biopsy with the presence of Ph chromosome on cytogenetical analysis. Daily imatinib was ordered concurrently with chemotherapy-type docetaxel. The metastases were stable after nine courses of chemotherapy. Due to breast cancer progression 4 months later, bevacizumab and capecitabine were introduced. A major molecular response was achieved after 12 and 18 months. She has now completed 2 years of follow-up, still on a major molecular response, and is undergoing imatinib and capecitabine treatment. Leukocytosis in breast cancer patients can reveal chronic myeloid leukemia. It may warrant a workup to find the underlying etiology, which could include a secondary hematological malignancy.

Clinical Presentation and Frequency of Risk Factors in Patients with Breast Carcinoma in Pakistan.

PubMed

Memon, Zahid Ali; Qurrat-ul-Ain; Khan, Ruba; Raza, Natasha; Noor, Tooba

2015-01-01

Breast cancer is known to be one of the most prevalent cancers among women in both developing and developed countries .The incidence of breast cancer in Pakistan has increased dramatically within the last few years and is the second country after Israel in Asia to have highest proportional cases of breast cancer. However, there are limited data for breast cancer available in the literature from Pakistan. The study was conducted to bring to light the common clinical presentation of breast cancer and to evaluate the frequency of established risk factors in breast carcinoma patients and furthermore to compare the findings between premenopausal and postmenopausal women in Pakistan. A 6 months (from July 2012 to Dec 2012) cross sectional survey was conducted in Surgical and Oncology Units of Civil Hospital, Karachi. Data were collected though a well developed questionnaire from 105 female patients diagnosed with carcinoma of breast and analyzed using SPSS version 17. Institutional ethical approval was obtained prior to data collection. Out of 105 patients, 43 were premenopausal and 62 were postmenopausal, 99 being married. Mean age at diagnosis was 47.8 ± 12.4 years. A painless lump was the most frequent symptom, notived by 77.1%(n=81). Some 55.2% (n=58) patients had a lump in the right breast and 44.8%(n=47) in the left breast. In the majority of cases, the lump was present in upper outer quadrant 41.9% (n=44). Mean period of delay from appearance of symptoms to consulting a doctor was 5.13 ± 4.8 months, from the shortest 1 month to the longest 36 months. Long delay (> 3 months) was the most frequent figure 41.9%. Considering overall risk factors most frequent were first pregnancy after 20 years of age (41%), physical breast trauma (28.6%), lack of breast feeding(21.9%), and early menarche <11 years (19%), followed by null parity (16.2%), consumption of high fat diet (15.2%), family history of breast cancer or any other cancer in first degree relatives (9.5% and 13.3%, respectively). Some of the less common factors were late menopause >54 years (8.6%), use of oral contraceptive pills (10.5%), use of hormone replacement therapy (4.7%),smoking (4.7%) and radiation (0.96%). Significant differences (p<0.005) were observed between pre and post menopausal women regarding history of physical breast trauma, practice of breast feeding and parity. A painless lump was the most frequent clinical presentation noted. Overall age at first child > 20 years, physical breast trauma, lack of breast feeding ,early menarche <11 were the most frequent risk factors. Physical breast trauma, lower parity, a trend for less breast feeding had more significant associations with pre-menopausal than post-menopausal onset. Increase opportunity of disease prevention can be obtained through better understanding of clinical presentation and risk factors important in the etiology of breast cancer.

Five-year Local Control in a Phase II Study of Hypofractionated Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy With an Incorporated Boost for Early Stage Breast Cancer

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Freedman, Gary M., E-mail: Gary.Freedman@uphs.upenn.edu; Anderson, Penny R.; Bleicher, Richard J.

Purpose: Conventional radiation fractionation of 1.8-2 Gy per day for early stage breast cancer requires daily treatment for 6-7 weeks. We report the 5-year results of a phase II study of intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), hypofractionation, and incorporated boost that shortened treatment time to 4 weeks. Methods and Materials: The study design was phase II with a planned accrual of 75 patients. Eligibility included patients aged {>=}18 years, Tis-T2, stage 0-II, and breast conservation. Photon IMRT and an incorporated boost was used, and the whole breast received 2.25 Gy per fraction for a total of 45 Gy, and themore » tumor bed received 2.8 Gy per fraction for a total of 56 Gy in 20 treatments over 4 weeks. Patients were followed every 6 months for 5 years. Results: Seventy-five patients were treated from December 2003 to November 2005. The median follow-up was 69 months. Median age was 52 years (range, 31-81). Median tumor size was 1.4 cm (range, 0.1-3.5). Eighty percent of tumors were node negative; 93% of patients had negative margins, and 7% of patients had close (>0 and <2 mm) margins; 76% of cancers were invasive ductal type: 15% were ductal carcinoma in situ, 5% were lobular, and 4% were other histology types. Twenty-nine percent of patients 29% had grade 3 carcinoma, and 20% of patients had extensive in situ carcinoma; 11% of patients received chemotherapy, 36% received endocrine therapy, 33% received both, and 20% received neither. There were 3 instances of local recurrence for a 5-year actuarial rate of 2.7%. Conclusions: This 4-week course of hypofractionated radiation with incorporated boost was associated with excellent local control, comparable to historical results of 6-7 weeks of conventional whole-breast fractionation with sequential boost.« less

Metastatic breast carcinomas display genomic and transcriptomic heterogeneity

PubMed Central

Weigelt, Britta; Ng, Charlotte KY; Shen, Ronglai; Popova, Tatiana; Schizas, Michail; Natrajan, Rachael; Mariani, Odette; Stern, Marc-Henri; Norton, Larry; Vincent-Salomon, Anne; Reis-Filho, Jorge S

2015-01-01

Metaplastic breast carcinoma is a rare and aggressive histologic type of breast cancer, preferentially displaying a triple-negative phenotype. We sought to define the transcriptomic heterogeneity of metaplastic breast cancers on the basis of current gene expression microarray-based classifiers, and to determine whether these tumors display gene copy number profiles consistent with those of BRCA1-associated breast cancers. Twenty-eight consecutive triple-negative metaplastic breast carcinomas were reviewed, and the metaplastic component present in each frozen specimen was defined (ie, spindle cell, squamous, chondroid metaplasia). RNA and DNA extracted from frozen sections with tumor cell content >60% were subjected to gene expression (Illumina HumanHT-12 v4) and copy number profiling (Affymetrix SNP 6.0), respectively. Using the best practice PAM50/claudin-low microarray-based classifier, all metaplastic breast carcinomas with spindle cell metaplasia were of claudin-low subtype, whereas those with squamous or chondroid metaplasia were preferentially of basal-like subtype. Triple-negative breast cancer subtyping using a dedicated website (http://cbc.mc.vanderbilt.edu/tnbc/) revealed that all metaplastic breast carcinomas with chondroid metaplasia were of mesenchymal-like subtype, spindle cell carcinomas preferentially of unstable or mesenchymal stem-like subtype, and those with squamous metaplasia were of multiple subtypes. None of the cases was classified as immunomodulatory or luminal androgen receptor subtype. Integrative clustering, combining gene expression and gene copy number data, revealed that metaplastic breast carcinomas with spindle cell and chondroid metaplasia were preferentially classified as of integrative clusters 4 and 9, respectively, whereas those with squamous metaplasia were classified into six different clusters. Eight of the 26 metaplastic breast cancers subjected to SNP6 analysis were classified as BRCA1-like. The diversity of histologic features of metaplastic breast carcinomas is reflected at the transcriptomic level, and an association between molecular subtypes and histology was observed. BRCA1-like genomic profiles were found only in a subset (31%) of metaplastic breast cancers, and were not associated with a specific molecular or histologic subtype. PMID:25412848

Chemoprevention of Breast Cancer by Mimicking the Protective Effect of Early First Birth

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-06-01

Endocrinol 2002;16:2034–51. 7. Thordarson G, Jin E, Guzman RC, Swanson SM, Nandi S, Talamantes F. Refractoriness to mammary tumori- genesis in parous rats...nitrosourea-induced mammary carcinomas in female Lewis rats. Carcinogenesis 1999;20:623–8. 11. Rajkumar L, Guzman RC, Yang J, Thordarson G...Guzman RC, Yang J, Rajkumar L, Thordarson G, Chen X, Nandi S. Hormonal prevention of breast cancer: mimicking the protective effect of pregnancy. Proc

Tumor characterization and treatment monitoring of postsurgical human breast specimens using harmonic motion imaging (HMI).

PubMed

Han, Yang; Wang, Shutao; Hibshoosh, Hanina; Taback, Bret; Konofagou, Elisa

2016-05-09

High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a noninvasive technique used in the treatment of early-stage breast cancer and benign tumors. To facilitate its translation to the clinic, there is a need for a simple, cost-effective device that can reliably monitor HIFU treatment. We have developed harmonic motion imaging (HMI), which can be used seamlessly in conjunction with HIFU for tumor ablation monitoring, namely harmonic motion imaging for focused ultrasound (HMIFU). The overall objective of this study was to develop an all ultrasound-based system for real-time imaging and ablation monitoring in the human breast in vivo. HMI was performed in 36 specimens (19 normal, 15 invasive ductal carcinomas, and 2 fibroadenomas) immediately after surgical removal. The specimens were securely embedded in a tissue-mimicking agar gel matrix and submerged in degassed phosphate-buffered saline to mimic in vivo environment. The HMI setup consisted of a HIFU transducer confocally aligned with an imaging transducer to induce an oscillatory radiation force and estimate the resulting displacement. 3D HMI displacement maps were reconstructed to represent the relative tissue stiffness in 3D. The average peak-to-peak displacement was found to be significantly different (p = 0.003) between normal breast tissue and invasive ductal carcinoma. There were also significant differences before and after HMIFU ablation in both the normal (53.84 % decrease) and invasive ductal carcinoma (44.69 % decrease) specimens. HMI can be used to map and differentiate relative stiffness in postsurgical normal and pathological breast tissues. HMIFU can also successfully monitor thermal ablations in normal and pathological human breast specimens. This HMI technique may lead to a new clinical tool for breast tumor imaging and HIFU treatment monitoring.

Glioma-Associated Oncogene Homolog Inhibitors Have the Potential of Suppressing Cancer Stem Cells of Breast Cancer.

PubMed

Jeng, Kuo-Shyang; Jeng, Chi-Juei; Sheen, I-Shyan; Wu, Szu-Hua; Lu, Ssu-Jung; Wang, Chih-Hsuan; Chang, Chiung-Fang

2018-05-05

Overexpression of Sonic Hedgehog signaling (Shh) pathway molecules is associated with invasiveness and recurrence in breast carcinoma. Therefore, inhibition of the Shh pathway downstream molecule Glioma-associated Oncogene Homolog (Gli) was investigated for its ability to reduce progression and invasiveness of patient-derived breast cancer cells and cell lines. Human primary breast cancer T2 cells with high expression of Shh signaling pathway molecules were compared with breast cancer line MDA-MB-231 cells. The therapeutic effects of Gli inhibitors were examined in terms of the cell proliferation, apoptosis, cancer stem cells, cell migration and gene expression. Blockade of the Shh signaling pathway could reduce cell proliferation and migration only in MDA-MB-231 cells. Hh pathway inhibitor-1 (HPI-1) increased the percentages of late apoptotic cells in MDA-MB-231 cells and early apoptotic cells in T2 cells. It reduced Bcl2 expression for cell proliferation and increased Bim expression for apoptosis. In addition, Gli inhibitor HPI-1 decreased significantly the percentages of cancer stem cells in T2 cells. HPI-1 worked more effectively than GANT-58 against breast carcinoma cells. In conclusion, HPI-1 could inhibit cell proliferation, reduce cell invasion and decrease cancer stem cell population in breast cancer cells. To target Gli-1 could be a potential strategy to suppress breast cancer stem cells.

Prognostic Significance of Telomere Attrition in Ductal Carcinoma in situ of the Breast

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-02-01

breast cancer -free survival. 15. SUBJECT TERMS Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), breast cancer , telomeres, prognosis, genomic instability 16...in 2003 (2,3). However, the fraction of women with DCIS who eventually progress to invasive breast cancer is small (4-6). A Danish autopsy study...found that 25% of women had in situ carcinomas, including DCIS, at their death, although the lifetime risk of developing breast cancer during the same

Toxicity and cosmesis following partial breast irradiation consisting of 40 Gy in 10 daily fractions.

PubMed

Trovo, Marco; Roncadin, Mario; Polesel, Jerry; Piccoli, Erica; Mileto, Mario; Micheli, Elvia; Perin, Tiziana; Carbone, Antonino; Massarut, Samuele; Trovo, Mauro G

2013-10-01

To assess the toxicity and cosmetic results in breast cancer patients undergoing adjuvant partial breast irradiation (PBI) to a total dose of 40 Gy in 10 daily fractions (4 Gy/fraction). Patients affected by early-stage breast cancer were enrolled in this phase II trial. Patients had to be 60 years old and treated with breast conservative surgery for early stage (pT1-T2 pN0-N1a) invasive ductal carcinoma. 77 patients were enrolled. Median follow-up was 18 months. The proposed schedule was well tolerated. One patient reported Grade 3 pain at the site of irradiation. Four (5%) patients experience Grade 2 erythema. Late Grade 2 and 1 fibrosis was observed in 3 (4%) and 14 (18%) patients, respectively. Cosmesis was judged "good/excellent" and "poor" in 75 (97%) and in 2 (3%) patients, respectively. 40 Gy in 10 daily fractions, 4 Gy/fraction, is a well tolerated regimen to deliver PBI. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Culture models of human mammary epithelial cell transformation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Stampfer, Martha R.; Yaswen, Paul

2000-11-10

Human pre-malignant breast diseases, particularly ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)3 already display several of the aberrant phenotypes found in primary breast cancers, including chromosomal abnormalities, telomerase activity, inactivation of the p53 gene and overexpression of some oncogenes. Efforts to model early breast carcinogenesis in human cell cultures have largely involved studies in vitro transformation of normal finite lifespan human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) to immortality and malignancy. We present a model of HMEC immortal transformation consistent with the know in vivo data. This model includes a recently described, presumably epigenetic process, termed conversion, which occurs in cells that have overcomemore » stringent replicative senescence and are thus able to maintain proliferation with critically short telomeres. The conversion process involves reactivation of telomerase activity, and acquisition of good uniform growth in the absence and presence of TFGB. We propose th at overcoming the proliferative constraints set by senescence, and undergoing conversion, represent key rate-limiting steps in human breast carcinogenesis, and occur during early stage breast cancer progression.« less

Genetic events in the progression of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast to high-grade triple-negative breast cancer.

PubMed

Fusco, Nicola; Geyer, Felipe C; De Filippo, Maria R; Martelotto, Luciano G; Ng, Charlotte K Y; Piscuoglio, Salvatore; Guerini-Rocco, Elena; Schultheis, Anne M; Fuhrmann, Laetitia; Wang, Lu; Jungbluth, Achim A; Burke, Kathleen A; Lim, Raymond S; Vincent-Salomon, Anne; Bamba, Masamichi; Moritani, Suzuko; Badve, Sunil S; Ichihara, Shu; Ellis, Ian O; Reis-Filho, Jorge S; Weigelt, Britta

2016-11-01

Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast is a rare histological type of triple-negative breast cancer with an indolent clinical behavior, often driven by the MYB-NFIB fusion gene. Here we sought to define the repertoire of somatic genetic alterations in two adenoid cystic carcinomas associated with high-grade triple-negative breast cancer. The different components of each case were subjected to copy number profiling and massively parallel sequencing targeting all exons and selected regulatory and intronic regions of 488 genes. Reverse transcription PCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization were employed to investigate the presence of the MYB-NFIB translocation. The MYB-NFIB fusion gene was detected in both adenoid cystic carcinomas and their associated high-grade triple-negative breast cancer components. Although the distinct components of both cases displayed similar patterns of gene copy number alterations, massively parallel sequencing analysis revealed intratumor genetic heterogeneity. In case 1, progression from the trabecular adenoid cystic carcinoma to the high-grade triple-negative breast cancer was found to involve clonal shifts with enrichment of mutations affecting EP300, NOTCH1, ERBB2 and FGFR1 in the high-grade triple-negative breast cancer. In case 2, a clonal KMT2C mutation was present in the cribriform adenoid cystic carcinoma, solid adenoid cystic carcinoma and high-grade triple-negative breast cancer components, whereas a mutation affecting MYB was present only in the solid and high-grade triple-negative breast cancer areas and additional three mutations targeting STAG2, KDM6A and CDK12 were restricted to the high-grade triple-negative breast cancer. In conclusion, adenoid cystic carcinomas of the breast with high-grade transformation are underpinned by the MYB-NFIB fusion gene and, akin to other forms of cancer, may be constituted by a mosaic of cancer cell clones at diagnosis. The progression from adenoid cystic carcinoma to high-grade triple-negative breast cancer of no special type may involve the selection of neoplastic clones and/or the acquisition of additional genetic alterations.

Genetic events in the progression of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast to high-grade triple-negative breast cancer

PubMed Central

Fusco, Nicola; Geyer, Felipe C; De Filippo, Maria R; Martelotto, Luciano G; Ng, Charlotte K Y; Piscuoglio, Salvatore; Guerini-Rocco, Elena; Schultheis, Anne M; Fuhrmann, Laetitia; Wang, Lu; Jungbluth, Achim A; Burke, Kathleen A; Lim, Raymond S; Vincent-Salomon, Anne; Bamba, Masamichi; Moritani, Suzuko; Badve, Sunil S; Ichihara, Shu; Ellis, Ian O; Reis-Filho, Jorge S; Weigelt, Britta

2016-01-01

Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast is a rare histologic type of triple-negative breast cancer with an indolent clinical behavior, often driven by the MYB-NFIB fusion gene. Here we sought to define the repertoire of somatic genetic alterations in two adenoid cystic carcinomas associated with high-grade triple-negative breast cancer. The different components of each case were subjected to copy number profiling and massively parallel sequencing targeting all exons and selected regulatory and intronic regions of 488 genes. Reverse transcription PCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization were employed to investigate the presence of the MYB-NFIB translocation. The MYB-NFIB fusion gene was detected in both adenoid cystic carcinomas and their associated high-grade triple-negative breast cancer components. Whilst the distinct components of both cases displayed similar patterns of gene copy number alterations, massively parallel sequencing analysis revealed intra-tumor genetic heterogeneity. In case 1, progression from the trabecular adenoid cystic carcinoma to the high-grade triple-negative breast cancer was found to involve clonal shifts with enrichment of mutations affecting EP300, NOTCH1, ERBB2 and FGFR1 in the high-grade triple-negative breast cancer. In case 2, a clonal KMT2C mutation was present in the cribriform adenoid cystic carcinoma, solid adenoid cystic carcinoma and high-grade triple-negative breast cancer components, whereas a mutation affecting MYB was present only in the solid and high-grade triple-negative breast cancer areas and additional three mutations targeting STAG2, KDM6A and CDK12 were restricted to the high-grade triple-negative breast cancer. In conclusion, adenoid cystic carcinomas of the breast with high-grade transformation are underpinned by MYB-NFIB fusion gene, and, akin to other forms of cancer, may be constituted by a mosaic of cancer cell clones at diagnosis. The progression from adenoid cystic carcinoma to high-grade triple-negative breast cancer of no special type may involve the selection of neoplastic clones and/ or the acquisition of additional genetic alterations. PMID:27491809

Paclitaxel With or Without Carboplatin and/or Bevacizumab Followed by Doxorubicin and Cyclophosphamide in Treating Patients With Breast Cancer That Can Be Removed by Surgery

ClinicalTrials.gov

2018-03-29

Estrogen Receptor Negative; HER2/Neu Negative; Male Breast Carcinoma; Progesterone Receptor Negative; Stage IIA Breast Cancer; Stage IIB Breast Cancer; Stage IIIA Breast Cancer; Triple-Negative Breast Carcinoma

Downregulation of GLUT4 contributes to effective intervention of estrogen receptor-negative/HER2-overexpressing early stage breast disease progression by lapatinib

PubMed Central

Acharya, Sunil; Xu, Jia; Wang, Xiao; Jain, Shalini; Wang, Hai; Zhang, Qingling; Chang, Chia-Chi; Bower, Joseph; Arun, Banu; Seewaldt, Victoria; Yu, Dihua

2016-01-01

Tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors (AIs) have shown efficacy in prevention of estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer; however, there exists no proven prevention strategy for estrogen receptor-negative (ER-) breast cancer. Up to 40% of ER- breast cancers have human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 overexpression (HER2+), suggesting HER2 signaling might be a good target for chemoprevention for certain ER- breast cancers. Here, we tested the feasibility of the HER2-targeting agent lapatinib in prevention and/or early intervention of an ER-/HER2+ early-stage breast disease model. We found that lapatinib treatment forestalled the progression of atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH)-like acini to ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)-like acini in ER-/HER2+ human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs) in 3D culture. Mechanistically, we found that inhibition of HER2/Akt signaling by lapatinib led to downregulation of GLUT4 and a reduced glucose uptake in HER2-overexpressing cells, resulting in decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis of these cells in 3D culture. Additionally, our data suggest that HER2-driven glycolytic metabolic dysregulation in ER-/HER2+ HMECs might promote early-stage breast disease progression, which can be reversed by lapatinib treatment. Furthermore, low-dose lapatinib treatment, starting at the early stages of mammary grand transformation in the MMTV-neu* mouse model, significantly delayed mammary tumor initiation and progression, extended tumor-free survival, which corresponded to effective inhibition of HER2/Akt signaling and downregulation of GLUT4 in vivo. Taken together, our results indicate that lapatinib, through its inhibition of key signaling pathways and tumor-promoting metabolic events, is a promising agent for the prevention/early intervention of ER-/HER2+ breast cancer progression. PMID:27293993

Vectors for Treatment of Metastatic Breast Cancer

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-08-01

from human carcinomas of the breast, ovary and mouse breast cancer. In this study, in vitro cytotoxicity tests were carried out with the replication...injection of dendritic cells engineered to secrete interleukin-12 by recombinant adenovirus in patients with metastatic gastrointestinal carcinomas . J...see Figure IC) in carcinomas of the breast, lung, prostate, ovary, cervix, endometrium, esophagous, stomach and colon is associated with metastasis

A Phase 2 Study of Cediranib in Combination With Olaparib in Advanced Solid Tumors

ClinicalTrials.gov

2018-06-04

Estrogen Receptor Negative; HER2/Neu Negative; Metastatic Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma; Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma; Progesterone Receptor Negative; Stage III Breast Cancer AJCC v7; Stage III Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer AJCC v7; Stage III Pancreatic Cancer AJCC v6 and v7; Stage III Small Cell Lung Carcinoma AJCC v7; Stage IIIA Breast Cancer AJCC v7; Stage IIIA Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer AJCC v7; Stage IIIA Small Cell Lung Carcinoma AJCC v7; Stage IIIB Breast Cancer AJCC v7; Stage IIIB Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer AJCC v7; Stage IIIB Small Cell Lung Carcinoma AJCC v7; Stage IIIC Breast Cancer AJCC v7; Stage IV Breast Cancer AJCC v6 and v7; Stage IV Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer AJCC v7; Stage IV Pancreatic Cancer AJCC v6 and v7; Stage IV Small Cell Lung Carcinoma AJCC v7; Triple-Negative Breast Carcinoma; Unresectable Pancreatic Carcinoma

[Prevalence of tumors in the left breast].

PubMed

Aareleĭd, T P; Khint, E K

1987-01-01

The present investigation was undertaken to study the laterality of breast tumors on the basis of the Estonian Cancer Registry data for the period of 1968-1981 and special breast screening data for 1974-1983. The ratio of the patients with the left- and right-sided disease was 1.12 (p less than 0.001) for breast cancer, 1.75 (p less than 0.001)--for fibroadenomatosis of the mammary gland, and 1.43 (p less than 0.001)--for mastodynia. Left-sided carcinoma was more common in patients with left nipple discharge which was accompanied by "early menarche" more often than discharge from the right nipple (p less than 0.05). There was no significant difference in the patients' survival versus the laterality of breast cancer.

GATA3: a promising marker for metastatic breast carcinoma in serous effusion specimens.

PubMed

Shield, Paul W; Papadimos, David J; Walsh, Michael D

2014-04-01

The usefulness of GATA3 (GATA-binding protein 3 to DNA sequence [A/T]GATA[A/G]) as a marker for metastatic breast carcinoma in serous effusion specimens was investigated. Cell block sections from 74 serous effusion specimens (32 ascitic, 2 pericardial, and 40 pleural fluids) were stained with an anti-GATA3 murine monoclonal antibody. The specimens included 62 confirmed metastatic carcinomas from the breast (30 specimens), female genital tract (13 specimens), gastrointestinal tract (7 specimens), lung adenocarcinoma (9 specimens), pancreas (1 specimen), kidney (1 specimen), and bladder (1 specimen). The breast carcinoma cases included 15 ductal carcinomas and 8 lobular carcinomas; the histology subtype was not available for 7 specimens. Twelve cases containing florid reactive mesothelial cells were also stained. The breast carcinoma cases were also stained for mammaglobin and gross cystic disease fluid protein of 15 kilodaltons (GCDFP-15) to compare their sensitivity with GATA3. Positive nuclear staining for GATA3 was found to be present in 90% of metastatic breast carcinoma specimens (27 of 30 specimens). All nonbreast metastatic carcinomas tested were negative with the exception of the single case of metastatic urothelial carcinoma. No staining was observed in any of the benign reactive cases or in benign mesothelial cells present in the malignant cell block preparations. Two cases demonstrated weak positivity of benign lymphoid cells. Staining results were unambiguous because all positive cases demonstrated intense nuclear staining in > 50% of tumor cells. Mammaglobin (57% staining; 17 of 30 cases) and GCDFP-15 (33% staining; 10 of 30 cases) were found to be less sensitive markers of breast carcinoma. If used in a panel, mammaglobin and GCFP-15 staining would have identified only 1 additional case compared with those stained with GATA3. GATA3 may be a useful addition to immunostaining panels for serous effusion specimens when metastatic breast carcinoma is a consideration. © 2014 American Cancer Society.

Male breast carcinoma: an evaluation of prognostic factors contributing to a poorer outcome.

PubMed

Joshi, M G; Lee, A K; Loda, M; Camus, M G; Pedersen, C; Heatley, G J; Hughes, K S

1996-02-01

Although breast cancer in men is far less common than breast cancer in women, it is associated with a less favorable prognosis. Conventional histopathologic features and new prognostic markers were evaluated to explain the less favorable survival outcome. Forty-six consecutive male breast carcinomas were studied for size, histologic and nuclear grade, histologic subtype, presence of carcinoma in situ, nipple involvement, lymphovascular invasion, hormone receptor status, c-erbB-2 protein overexpression, and p53 protein accumulation. These findings were correlated with survival. Of the 46 carcinomas, 4 were noninvasive and 42 were invasive. In the invasive carcinomas, the median patient age was 64 years, and the median tumor size was 2 cm. The predominant histologic patterns were invasive ductal (45%) and mixed invasive ductal and cribriform (28%). Most tumors were of low histologic and nuclear grades (histologic grades: I, 17%; II, 50%; III, 33%; nuclear grade: I, 12%; II, 44%; III, 44%). Of those surgically staged, 22 patients (60%) were lymph node positive and 15 patients (40%) were node negative. Stage at presentation was higher than in women (0, 10%; 1, 17%; 2, 50%; 3, 13%; 4, 10%). The estrogen and progesterone receptor status was positive in 76% and 83% of tumors, respectively. Lymphatic vessel invasion (63%) and nipple involvement (48%) were also more common than in women. True Paget's disease of the nipple was not seen; all cases with nipple ulceration were the result of direct tumor extension to the epidermis. Of the 17 tumors tested, 41% were c-erbB-2 positive and 29% were p53 positive. Survival analysis was limited by the relatively small cohort size. Five- and 10-year adjusted overall survival rates for invasive tumors were 76 +/- 7% and 42 +/- 9%, respectively. Skin and nipple involvement (P = 0.03) and c-erbB-2-positivity (P = 0.03) were significant predictors of adverse survival. Male breast carcinoma presents in an advanced stage with less favorable survival, despite low histologic grade, high estrogen receptor content, and small size. Anatomic factors may have been responsible for the poor survival outcome (i.e., paucity of breast tissue and close tumor proximity to skin and nipple, facilitating dermal lymphatic spread and early regional and distant metastasis).

Intraductal glycogen-rich clear cell carcinoma of the breast: a rare presentation and review of the literature.

PubMed

Salemis, Nikolaos S

2012-08-01

Glycogen-rich clear cell carcinoma of the breast is a rare histological subtype of breast cancer, accounting for 0.9-2.8% of all breast cancer cases. Fewer than 100 cases have been reported in the literature. Most of these tumors are invasive carcinomas. The intraductal glycogen-rich clear cell carcinoma is a very rare occurrence. Herein is described a case of a pure intraductal glycogen-rich clear cell carcinoma of the breast in a 42-year-old premenopausal woman. A literature review has also been carried out. Mammography was inconclusive due to the presence of dense breast tissue, but magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed several nodular lesions measuring 7 × 6 cm in diameter and involving the upper aspect of the right breast suggestive of multifocal malignancy. A modified radical mastectomy was performed. The patient started hormonal therapy with tamoxifen and is currently well 16 months after surgery. A pure intraductal glycogen-rich clear cell carcinoma of the breast is a very rare occurrence. The case presented here exhibited uncommon MRI features, whereas the tumor size is one of the largest reported in the literature. Mammography may be inconclusive in the presence of dense breast tissue, but MRI is of great importance in the preoperative evaluation of the patient.

Increased N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1 expression is associated with breast atypia-to-carcinoma progression.

PubMed

Mao, Xiao-Yun; Fan, Chui-Feng; Wei, Jing; Liu, Cong; Zheng, Hua-Chuan; Yao, Fan; Jin, Feng

2011-12-01

N-myc downstream-regulated gene-1 (NDRG1) has been identified as a protein involved in the differentiation of epithelial cells. As a newly metastasis suppressor gene, whether it contributes to carcinogenesis of breast cancer is still unknown. This study aimed to clarify the possible role of NDRG1 for breast cancer carcinogenesis, and further to investigate its clinicopathological significance in invasive breast cancer. We examined the expression of NDRG1 in normal epithelium of breast (n = 35), usual ductal hyperplasia (n = 22), atypical ductal hyperplasia (n = 33), atypical lobular hyperplasia (n = 8), ductal carcinoma in situ (n = 16), lobular carcinoma in situ (n = 6), invasive ductal carcinoma (n = 50), and invasive lobular carcinoma (n = 45) by immunohistochemistry and analyzed the correlation between NDRG expression and clinicopathological features of invasive breast cancer. Western blot analysis was carried out to investigate the expression of NDRG1 in 20 invasive ductal breast cancer and the paired non-tumor portion of the same case. NDRG1 expression in invasive breast cancer (70/95, 73.7%) was higher than that in noninvasive breast lesions (29/85, 34.1%; p < 0.05) which was higher than that in normal breast epithelium (5/35, 14.3%; p < 0.05). Statistical analysis revealed a significant correlation between NDRG1 expression with tumor stage in invasive breast cancer, and its expression in invasive ductal carcinoma is significantly higher than invasive lobular carcinoma (p < 0.05). It was not associated with age, menopausal status, tumor size, and lymph node metastasis. NDRG1 protein levels were significantly higher in invasive ductal breast cancer compared to the paired non-tumor portion of the same case by Western blot analysis (p < 0.05). Increased NDRG-1 expression is associated with breast atypia-to-carcinoma progression. NDRG1 expression might participate in the carcinogenesis and progression of invasive breast cancer. These findings provide further evidence that NDRG1 may serve as an important biomarker for invasive breast cancer.

Papillary serous carcinoma of the uterus: increased risk of subsequent or concurrent development of breast carcinoma.

PubMed

Geisler, J P; Sorosky, J I; Duong, H L; Buekers, T E; Geisler, M J; Sood, A K; Anderson, B; Buller, R E

2001-12-01

Some women with endometrial cancer may be at increased risk for developing breast cancer. The histologic type of endometrial cancer associated with synchronous or subsequent breast cancer has not been clearly established. Our purpose was to determine if a certain histologic type of endometrial cancer was associated with an increased risk of synchronous or subsequent breast cancer. The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics tumor registry was queried to ascertain all patients with the diagnosis of uterine cancer from January 1, 1983, to December 31, 1994. Statistics were performed utilizing SPSS for Windows version 9.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL), including Student's t tests and chi(2) tests. Five hundred ninety-two patients had endometrial adenocarcinoma during the study period. Five hundred thirty-six women had endometrioid adenocarcinoma, 23 women had papillary serous carcinoma (UPSC), 21 women had adenosquamous carcinoma, 10 women had clear-cell carcinoma, and 1 woman each had mucinous or squamous carcinoma. Twelve patients had previously been diagnosed with breast carcinomas. Twenty-five patients were diagnosed with breast cancer either concurrently or subsequent to their diagnosis of endometrial cancer. Synchronous or subsequent breast cancers developed in 3.2% of patients with endometrioid carcinoma and in 25% of patients with UPSC (P < 0.001). Patients with UPSC have an increased risk of development of breast cancer as compared to patients with endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the uterus. (c)2001 Elsevier Science.

Vaccine Therapy and Cyclophosphamide in Treating Patients With Stage II-III Breast or Stage II-IV Ovarian, Primary Peritoneal, or Fallopian Tube Cancer

ClinicalTrials.gov

2017-08-28

Recurrent Breast Carcinoma; Recurrent Fallopian Tube Carcinoma; Recurrent Ovarian Carcinoma; Recurrent Primary Peritoneal Carcinoma; Stage IIA Breast Cancer; Stage IIA Fallopian Tube Cancer; Stage IIA Ovarian Cancer; Stage IIB Breast Cancer; Stage IIB Fallopian Tube Cancer; Stage IIB Ovarian Cancer; Stage IIC Fallopian Tube Cancer; Stage IIC Ovarian Cancer; Stage IIIA Breast Cancer; Stage IIIA Fallopian Tube Cancer; Stage IIIA Ovarian Cancer; Stage IIIA Primary Peritoneal Cancer; Stage IIIB Breast Cancer; Stage IIIB Fallopian Tube Cancer; Stage IIIB Ovarian Cancer; Stage IIIB Primary Peritoneal Cancer; Stage IIIC Breast Cancer; Stage IIIC Fallopian Tube Cancer; Stage IIIC Ovarian Cancer; Stage IIIC Primary Peritoneal Cancer; Stage IV Fallopian Tube Cancer; Stage IV Ovarian Cancer; Stage IV Primary Peritoneal Cancer

Correlation of E-cadherin expression with differentiation grade and histological type in breast carcinoma.

PubMed Central

Gamallo, C.; Palacios, J.; Suarez, A.; Pizarro, A.; Navarro, P.; Quintanilla, M.; Cano, A.

1993-01-01

Recently, a correlation has been suggested between a loss of E-cadherin (E-CD) and increased invasiveness of neoplastic cells. In this study, E-CD expression in breast cancer was investigated using an affinity-purified antibody (ECCD-2) in an immunoenzymatic (avidin-biotin-alkaline phosphatase) test. Intensity and extension of E-CD immunoreactivity were evaluated in 61 breast carcinomas and correlated with their histological type and grade, nodal involvement, and hormonal receptor status. Histological types were infiltrating ductal carcinoma of no special type (n = 54) and infiltrating lobular carcinoma (n = 7). All infiltrating ductal carcinomas of no special type except two grade 3 carcinomas showed positive immunoreactivity that was variable among different cases. Grade 1 breast carcinomas (n = 10) showed greater immunoreactivity than grade 2 (n = 25) and grade 3 (n = 19) carcinomas. E-CD immunoreactivity correlated positively with the degree of tubular formation and inversely with the mitoses number. None of the infiltrating lobular carcinomas expressed E-CD in their infiltrating cells, whereas they showed only weak immunostains in areas of atypical lobular hyperplasia and lobular carcinoma in situ. These results indicate that E-CD expression correlates with histological type and grade in breast carcinomas. Images Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 PMID:7682767

Ki-67 reactivity in breast carcinoma analyzed by a computer-assisted image system: preliminary results.

PubMed Central

Mir, R.; Johnson, H.; Mathur, R.; Wise, L.; Kahn, L. B.

1995-01-01

The proliferative index of 63 breast carcinomas was measured on Ki-67 immunostained frozen tissue sections with a computer-assisted image analysis system. The mean proliferative index in estrogen-positive breast carcinomas was lower than in estrogen-negative carcinomas. An inverse relationship between proliferative index and short-term disease-free survival was noted. Images Figure 1 Figure 2 PMID:7674345

Gene expression signatures differentiate ovarian/peritoneal serous carcinoma from breast carcinoma in effusions

PubMed Central

Davidson, Ben; Stavnes, Helene Tuft; Holth, Arild; Chen, Xu; Yang, Yanqin; Shih, Ie-Ming; Wang, Tian-Li

2011-01-01

Abstract Ovarian/primary peritoneal carcinoma and breast carcinoma are the gynaecological cancers that most frequently involve the serosal cavities. With the objective of improving on the limited diagnostic panel currently available for the differential diagnosis of these two malignancies, as well as to define tumour-specific biological targets, we compared their global gene expression patterns. Gene expression profiles of 10 serous ovarian/peritoneal and eight ductal breast carcinoma effusions were analysed using the HumanRef-8 BeadChip from Illumina. Differentially expressed candidate genes were validated using quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering using all 54,675 genes in the array separated ovarian from breast carcinoma samples. We identified 288 unique probes that were significantly differentially expressed in the two cancers by greater than 3.5-fold, of which 81 and 207 were overexpressed in breast and ovarian/peritoneal carcinoma, respectively. SAM analysis identified 1078 differentially expressed probes with false discovery rate less than 0.05. Genes overexpressed in breast carcinoma included TFF1, TFF3, FOXA1, CA12, GATA3, SDC1, PITX1, TH, EHFD1, EFEMP1, TOB1 and KLF2. Genes overexpressed in ovarian/peritoneal carcinoma included SPON1, RBP1, MFGE8, TM4SF12, MMP7, KLK5/6/7, FOLR1/3, PAX8, APOL2 and NRCAM. The differential expression of 14 genes was validated by quantitative real-time PCR, and differences in 5 gene products were confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Expression profiling distinguishes ovarian/peritoneal carcinoma from breast carcinoma and identifies genes that are differentially expressed in these two tumour types. The molecular signatures unique to these cancers may facilitate their differential diagnosis and may provide a molecular basis for therapeutic target discovery. PMID:20132413

Transitional cell metaplasia of fallopian tube fimbriae: a potential mimic of early tubal carcinoma in risk reduction salpingo-oophorectomies from women With BRCA mutations.

PubMed

Rabban, Joseph T; Crawford, Beth; Chen, Lee-May; Powell, Catherine B; Zaloudek, Charles J

2009-01-01

Germline mutations in the hereditary breast/ovary carcinoma genes BRCA1 or BRCA2 confer increased lifetime risk for ovarian, fallopian tube, and primary peritoneal carcinoma. This risk can be minimized by prophylactic surgery. Risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) provides 2 potential benefits: long-term cancer risk reduction and immediate detection of occult early carcinoma, which frequently arises in the tubal fimbriae. Recognition of occult early tubal carcinoma is challenging because it is often microscopic in size and can be confined to the fimbrial epithelium without invasion. Transitional cell metaplasia is a benign epithelial alteration that is a common finding in the serosa of the tube but is underrecognized in the tubal fimbriae, where it may mimic tubal intraepithelial carcinoma. The aim of this study was to define the incidence, morphology, immunophenotype, and distribution of transitional cell metaplasia of the fimbriae in RRSO specimens from 96 women with BRCA germline mutations and to compare these features to those of tubal intraepithelial carcinoma in this cohort. RRSO specimens from an additional 30 women at increased risk for ovarian cancer based on strong family history were also studied, along with RRSO from 1 patient with Lynch syndrome, and 1 patient with PTEN mutation. Transitional cell metaplasia of the fimbriae was present in 26% of all RRSO specimens. It was commonly multifocal (67%), with involvement of the tip, edges, or base of the fimbrial plicae. Average size of a metaplastic focus was 1.3 mm (range: 0.1 to 10 mm). None of the metaplastic foci expressed p53 by immunohistochemistry nor was there increased staining for the proliferation marker MIB-1. Occult early carcinoma was detected in 6/128 RRSO specimens. Median tumor size was 2.7 mm (range: 1 to 11 mm). All expressed p53 and showed markedly increased MIB-1 staining. The key criteria distinguishing transitional cell metaplasia from tubal intraepithelial carcinoma were uniform cell size and shape, normal nucleus:cytoplasm ratios, lack of nuclear atypia, presence of nuclear grooves, lack of mitoses, and absence of p53 expression or increased staining for MIB-1. No particular clinical variables (BRCA 1 vs. BRCA 2 mutation, parity, personal history of breast cancer, prior abdomino-pelvic surgery, or intraoperative findings) or benign pathologic alterations in the RRSO specimens were associated with the presence of transitional cell metaplasia of the fimbriae. None of the patients with this finding developed peritoneal carcinoma during follow-up ranging from 1 month to 9 years. This study demonstrates that transitional cell metaplasia of the fimbriae is a common benign finding in RRSO specimens that should not be confused with the much less common finding of tubal intraepithelial carcinoma.

Preoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients With Stage I Invasive Ductal Breast Cancer: A Prospective Randomized Study.

PubMed

Brück, N; Koskivuo, I; Boström, P; Saunavaara, J; Aaltonen, R; Parkkola, R

2018-03-01

Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging has become an important complementary imaging technique in patients with breast cancer, providing additional information for preoperative local staging. Magnetic resonance imaging is recommended selectively in lobular breast cancer and in patients with dense breast tissue in the case when mammography and ultrasound fail to fully evaluate the lesion, but the routine use of magnetic resonance imaging in all patients with invasive ductal carcinoma is controversial. The purpose of this randomized study was to investigate the diagnostic value of preoperative magnetic resonance imaging and its impact on short-term surgical outcome in newly diagnosed unifocal stage I invasive ductal carcinoma. A total of 100 patients were randomized to either receive preoperative breast magnetic resonance imaging or to be scheduled directly to operation without magnetic resonance imaging on a 1:1 basis. There were 50 patients in both study arms. In 14 patients (28%), breast magnetic resonance imaging detected an additional finding and seven of them were found to be malignant. Six additional cancer foci were found in the ipsilateral breast and one in the contralateral breast. Magnetic resonance imaging findings caused a change in planned surgical management in 10 patients (20%). Mastectomy was performed in six patients (12%) in the magnetic resonance imaging group and in two patients (4%) in the control group ( p = 0.140). The breast reoperation rate was 14% in the magnetic resonance imaging group and 24% in the control group ( p = 0.202). The mean interval between referral and first surgical procedure was 34 days in the magnetic resonance imaging group and 21 days in the control group ( p < 0.001). Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging may be beneficial for some patients with early-stage invasive ductal carcinoma, but its routine use is not recommended without specific indications.

Metastatic breast cancer to the rectum: A case report with emphasis on MRI features.

PubMed

Lau, Li Ching; Wee, Bernard; Wang, Shi; Thian, Yee Liang

2017-04-01

Less than 1% of breast carcinomas metastasize to the gastrointestinal tract. The diagnosis is frequently not recognized especially when the history of breast carcinoma is remote. A 61-year-old female with a remote history of breast carcinoma presented with a 3-month history of change in bowel habits. Colonoscopy showed a circumferential rectal mass with initial impression of primary rectal cancer. MRI of the rectum showed findings that are atypical for primary rectal cancer. Deep biopsy of the rectal mass confirmed lobular breast carcinoma metastasis to the rectum. The patient was treated with radiotherapy and hormonal therapy. She is symptomatically well 2 years after presentation and remains on hormonal therapy. Lobular breast cancer which metastasizes to the rectum can mimic primary rectal cancer clinically. The unique MRI features described in our case when present with a concordant history of lobular breast carcinoma should alert the radiologist to the possibility of this diagnosis which has important treatment implications.

Multiclonal Invasion in Breast Tumors Identified by Topographic Single Cell Sequencing.

PubMed

Casasent, Anna K; Schalck, Aislyn; Gao, Ruli; Sei, Emi; Long, Annalyssa; Pangburn, William; Casasent, Tod; Meric-Bernstam, Funda; Edgerton, Mary E; Navin, Nicholas E

2018-01-11

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is an early-stage breast cancer that infrequently progresses to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). Genomic evolution has been difficult to delineate during invasion due to intratumor heterogeneity and the low number of tumor cells in the ducts. To overcome these challenges, we developed Topographic Single Cell Sequencing (TSCS) to measure genomic copy number profiles of single tumor cells while preserving their spatial context in tissue sections. We applied TSCS to 1,293 single cells from 10 synchronous patients with both DCIS and IDC regions in addition to exome sequencing. Our data reveal a direct genomic lineage between in situ and invasive tumor subpopulations and further show that most mutations and copy number aberrations evolved within the ducts prior to invasion. These results support a multiclonal invasion model, in which one or more clones escape the ducts and migrate into the adjacent tissues to establish the invasive carcinomas. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Mucinous breast carcinoma with tall columnar cells.

PubMed

Tsoukalas, N; Kiakou, M; Tolia, M; Kostakis, I D; Galanopoulos, M; Nakos, G; Tryfonopoulos, D; Kyrgias, G; Koumakis, G

2018-05-01

Mucinous carcinoma of the breast represents 1%-4% of all breast cancers. The World Health Organization classification divides this type of tumour into three different subtypes: mucinous carcinoma, mucinous carcinoma with tall columnar cells (mucinous cystadenocarcinoma and columnar cell mucinous carcinoma) and signet ring cell carcinoma. A 74-year-old woman presented a tumour with inflammatory features in the upper outer quadrant of her left breast, 7 cm in diameter. The core biopsy showed infiltrating ductal carcinoma of no specific type. The tumour-node-metastasis clinical staging was T4cN3M0 (Stage IIIC). She received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, underwent left mastectomy with radical axillary resection and subsequently received radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The histological examination of the surgical specimen revealed two solid tumors in the tail of Spence, which corresponded to adenocarcinoma with high columnar cells. The patient died 16 months after the diagnosis, suffering from pulmonary metastases and anterior chest wall infiltration. A review of the literature revealed only 21 reports of mucinous carcinoma of the breast with tall columnar cells, including our case. This is only the third time that the specific histological type of columnar cell mucinous carcinoma has been reported in the literature.

Columnar cell change with atypia (flat epithelial atypia) on breast core biopsy-outcomes following open excision.

PubMed

Biggar, Magdalena A; Kerr, Kris M; Erzetich, Lisa M; Bennett, Ian C

2012-01-01

Columnar cell change with atypia (CCCA) is a relatively recently recognized pathologic breast entity considered to be a risk factor for subsequent development of breast carcinoma. The aim of this study was to investigate the significance of finding CCCA on breast core biopsy, by establishing the frequency of other breast pathology on subsequently performed surgical excision specimens. All cases with CCCA as the most advanced lesion on core biopsy were reviewed. After excision, another advanced proliferative lesion was identified in 17 (33%) patients, including three patients (6%) with in situ or invasive carcinoma. An additional five patients (10%) were concurrently diagnosed with primary breast carcinoma at other sites. These findings indicate that when CCCA is found on core biopsy, open surgical biopsy of the relevant area should be performed and that workup of both breasts should be undertaken to exclude coexistent breast carcinoma at alternative sites. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Stromelysin-3 over-expression enhances tumourigenesis in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines: involvement of the IGF-1 signalling pathway

PubMed Central

Kasper, Grit; Reule, Matthias; Tschirschmann, Miriam; Dankert, Niels; Stout-Weider, Karen; Lauster, Roland; Schrock, Evelin; Mennerich, Detlev; Duda, Georg N; Lehmann, Kerstin E

2007-01-01

Background Stromelysin-3 (ST-3) is over-expressed in the majority of human carcinomas including breast carcinoma. Due to its known effect in promoting tumour formation, but its impeding effect on metastasis, a dual role of ST-3 in tumour progression, depending on the cellular grade of dedifferentiation, was hypothesized. Methods The present study was designed to investigate the influence of ST-3 in vivo and in vitro on the oestrogen-dependent, non-invasive MCF-7 breast carcinoma cell line as well as on the oestrogen-independent, invasive MDA-MB-231 breast carcinoma cell line. Therefore an orthotopic human xenograft tumour model in nude mice, as well as a 3D matrigel cell culture system, were employed. Results Using both in vitro and in vivo techniques, we have demonstrated that over-expression of ST-3 in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells leads to both increased cell numbers and tumour volumes. This observation was dependent upon the presence of growth factors. In particular, the enhanced proliferative capacity was in MCF-7/ST-3 completely and in MDA-MB-231/ST-3 cells partially dependent on the IGF-1 signalling pathway. Microarray analysis of ST-3 over-expressing cells revealed that in addition to cell proliferation, further biological processes seemed to be affected, such as cell motility and stress response. The MAPK-pathway as well as the Wnt and PI3-kinase pathways, appear to also play a potential role. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that breast cancer cell lines of different differentiation status, as well as the non-tumourigenic cell line MCF-10A, have a comparable capability to induce endogenous ST-3 expression in fibroblasts. Conclusion These data reveal that ST-3 is capable of enhancing tumourigenesis in highly differentiated "early stage" breast cancer cell lines as well as in further progressed breast cancer cell lines that have already undergone epithelial-mesenchymal transition. We propose that ST-3 induction in tumour fibroblasts leads to the stimulation of the IGF-1R pathway in carcinoma cells, thus enhancing their proliferative capacity. In addition, further different cellular processes seem to be activated by ST-3, possibly accounting for the dual role of ST-3 in tumour progression and metastasis. PMID:17233884

Exemestane With or Without Entinostat in Treating Patients With Recurrent Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer That is Locally Advanced or Metastatic

ClinicalTrials.gov

2018-06-28

Estrogen Receptor Positive; HER2/Neu Negative; Male Breast Carcinoma; Progesterone Receptor Positive; Recurrent Breast Carcinoma; Stage IIIB Breast Cancer AJCC v7; Stage IIIC Breast Cancer AJCC v7; Stage IV Breast Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

Chemoprevention of Breast Cancer by Mimicking the Protective Effect of Early First Birth

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-06-01

Mol Endocrinol 2002;16:2034–51. 7. Thordarson G, Jin E, Guzman RC, Swanson SM, Nandi S, Talamantes F. Refractoriness to mammary tumori- genesis in...methyl-N - nitrosourea-induced mammary carcinomas in female Lewis rats. Carcinogenesis 1999;20:623–8. 11. Rajkumar L, Guzman RC, Yang J, Thordarson G...11755–9. 12. Guzman RC, Yang J, Rajkumar L, Thordarson G, Chen X, Nandi S. Hormonal prevention of breast cancer: mimicking the protective effect of

Chemoprevention of Breast Cancer by Mimicking the Protective Effect of Early First Birth

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-06-01

Mol Endocrinol 2002;16:2034–51. 7. Thordarson G, Jin E, Guzman RC, Swanson SM, Nandi S, Talamantes F. Refractoriness to mammary tumori- genesis in...methyl-N - nitrosourea-induced mammary carcinomas in female Lewis rats. Carcinogenesis 1999;20:623–8. 11. Rajkumar L, Guzman RC, Yang J, Thordarson G...11755–9. 12. Guzman RC, Yang J, Rajkumar L, Thordarson G, Chen X, Nandi S. Hormonal prevention of breast cancer: mimicking the protective effect of

Temsirolimus and Vinorelbine Ditartrate in Treating Patients With Unresectable or Metastatic Solid Tumors

ClinicalTrials.gov

2016-06-09

Extensive Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer; Hereditary Paraganglioma; Male Breast Cancer; Malignant Paraganglioma; Metastatic Gastrointestinal Carcinoid Tumor; Metastatic Pheochromocytoma; Pancreatic Polypeptide Tumor; Recurrent Breast Cancer; Recurrent Cervical Cancer; Recurrent Endometrial Carcinoma; Recurrent Gastrointestinal Carcinoid Tumor; Recurrent Islet Cell Carcinoma; Recurrent Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Skin; Recurrent Non-small Cell Lung Cancer; Recurrent Ovarian Epithelial Cancer; Recurrent Ovarian Germ Cell Tumor; Recurrent Pheochromocytoma; Recurrent Prostate Cancer; Recurrent Renal Cell Cancer; Recurrent Small Cell Lung Cancer; Recurrent Uterine Sarcoma; Regional Gastrointestinal Carcinoid Tumor; Regional Pheochromocytoma; Stage III Cervical Cancer; Stage III Endometrial Carcinoma; Stage III Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Skin; Stage III Ovarian Epithelial Cancer; Stage III Ovarian Germ Cell Tumor; Stage III Prostate Cancer; Stage III Renal Cell Cancer; Stage III Uterine Sarcoma; Stage IIIA Breast Cancer; Stage IIIA Non-small Cell Lung Cancer; Stage IIIB Breast Cancer; Stage IIIB Non-small Cell Lung Cancer; Stage IIIC Breast Cancer; Stage IV Breast Cancer; Stage IV Endometrial Carcinoma; Stage IV Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Skin; Stage IV Non-small Cell Lung Cancer; Stage IV Ovarian Epithelial Cancer; Stage IV Ovarian Germ Cell Tumor; Stage IV Prostate Cancer; Stage IV Renal Cell Cancer; Stage IV Uterine Sarcoma; Stage IVA Cervical Cancer; Stage IVB Cervical Cancer; Thyroid Gland Medullary Carcinoma

Response to apatinib in chemotherapy-failed advanced spindle cell breast carcinoma.

PubMed

Zhou, Na; Liu, Congmin; Hou, Helei; Zhang, Chuantao; Liu, Dong; Wang, Guanqun; Liu, Kewei; Zhu, Jingjuan; Lv, Hongying; Li, Tianjun; Zhang, Xiaochun

2016-11-01

Spindle cell carcinoma of the breast is a rare subtype of metaplastic carcinoma, and no effective chemotherapy special for metaplastic carcinoma exists until now. As spindle cell carcinomas of the breast are typically "Triple Negative", endocrine therapy and molecular therapy targeted to Her2 might not be favorable, resulting in poor prognosis. Apatinib is currently being tested in patients with breast or lung cancers. Here we report a successful case using Apatinib to treat spindle cell carcinoma of breast.A 52- year- old woman presented with a gradually enlarged lump in left breast, which was revealed to be a triple-negative spindle cell carcinoma, underwent a modified radical mastectomy. After the first line chemotherapy with Cyclophosphamide and Epirubicin, multiple metastases in bilateral lung and left anterior thoracic wall appeared. After disease progressed with therapy of Bevacizumab combined with Albumin-bound Paclitaxel and Cisplatin, we treated the patient with Apatinib according to her VEGFR expression, which showed nearly complete response and controllable and tolerated side effects. Next-generation sequencing analysis of the tumor specimen and real time ctDNA was performed to observe the mutated gene numbers matched with therapeutic effect. The present case can help to provide a new and effective therapy strategy to treat advanced spindle cell carcinoma.

Response to apatinib in chemotherapy-failed advanced spindle cell breast carcinoma

PubMed Central

Zhou, Na; Liu, Congmin; Hou, Helei; Zhang, Chuantao; Liu, Dong; Wang, Guanqun; Liu, Kewei; Zhu, Jingjuan; Lv, Hongying; Li, Tianjun; Zhang, Xiaochun

2016-01-01

Spindle cell carcinoma of the breast is a rare subtype of metaplastic carcinoma, and no effective chemotherapy special for metaplastic carcinoma exists until now. As spindle cell carcinomas of the breast are typically “Triple Negative”, endocrine therapy and molecular therapy targeted to Her2 might not be favorable, resulting in poor prognosis. Apatinib is currently being tested in patients with breast or lung cancers. Here we report a successful case using Apatinib to treat spindle cell carcinoma of breast. A 52- year- old woman presented with a gradually enlarged lump in left breast, which was revealed to be a triple-negative spindle cell carcinoma, underwent a modified radical mastectomy. After the first line chemotherapy with Cyclophosphamide and Epirubicin, multiple metastases in bilateral lung and left anterior thoracic wall appeared. After disease progressed with therapy of Bevacizumab combined with Albumin-bound Paclitaxel and Cisplatin, we treated the patient with Apatinib according to her VEGFR expression, which showed nearly complete response and controllable and tolerated side effects. Next-generation sequencing analysis of the tumor specimen and real time ctDNA was performed to observe the mutated gene numbers matched with therapeutic effect. The present case can help to provide a new and effective therapy strategy to treat advanced spindle cell carcinoma. PMID:27738308

Solid papillary carcinoma of the breast: A special entity needs to be distinguished from conventional invasive carcinoma avoiding over-treatment.

PubMed

Guo, Shuangping; Wang, Yingmei; Rohr, Joseph; Fan, Chaoliang; Li, Qinglong; Li, Xia; Wang, Zhe

2016-04-01

Solid papillary carcinoma of the breast, a newly-defined entity, is poorly recognized, and its nature and management is still debated. Eleven cases of pure solid papillary breast carcinoma in our archive and 253 cases reported in previous literature were retrospectively analyzed for their clinicopathological features and outcomes. The eleven cases occurred in elderly females. Grossly, all tumors were well-circumscribed and typically composed of solid papillary nodules. The tumor cells were bland-looking with low-grade atypia and mitoses < 5/10HPF. Immunophenotypically, all eleven cases showed positivity for ER and PR, negativity for CK5/6 and HER2, and a low proliferative index of Ki67. Five cases showed scattered positivity for myoepithelial marker p63, and four cases were positive for CK5/6 and CD10 around the nodules, whereas the other cases were completely negative for all myoepithelial markers. Five cases expressed the neuroendocrine marker synaptophysin, and six cases expressed chromogranin. In nine cases, mastectomy and axillary lymph nodes excision were performed, and only one showed micrometastasis in an axillary lymph node. There was no local recurrence or distant metastasis or breast carcinoma related-death during the follow-up periods of 50 months. Out of 253 solid papillary breast carcinomas reported in literature, the percentage of axillary lymph node metastasis was 4/136 (3%), with rare local recurrences and distant metastasis; only three patients died of breast carcinoma. Solid papillary carcinoma of the breast is a rare entity with distinctive clinicopathological features and excellent prognosis and should be distinguished from conventional breast carcinoma to avoid over-treatment. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Tumor p38MAPK signaling enhances breast carcinoma vascularization and growth by promoting expression and deposition of pro-tumorigenic factors.

PubMed

Limoge, Michelle; Safina, Alfiya; Truskinovsky, Alexander M; Aljahdali, Ieman; Zonneville, Justin; Gruevski, Aleksandar; Arteaga, Carlos L; Bakin, Andrei V

2017-09-22

The breast carcinoma microenvironment strikingly influences cancer progression and response to therapy. Various cell types in the carcinoma microenvironment show significant activity of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), although the role of p38MAPK in breast cancer progression is still poorly understood. The present study examined the contribution of tumor p38MAPK to breast carcinoma microenvironment and metastatic capacity. Inactivation of p38MAPK signaling in metastatic breast carcinoma cells was achieved by forced expression of the kinase-inactive mutant of p38/MAPK14 (a dominant-negative p38, dn-p38). Disruption of tumor p38MAPK signaling reduced growth and metastases of breast carcinoma xenografts. Importantly, dn-p38 markedly decreased tumor blood-vessel density and lumen sizes. Mechanistic studies revealed that p38 controls expression of pro-angiogenic extracellular factors such as matrix protein Fibronectin and cytokines VEGFA, IL8, and HBEGF. Tumor-associated fibroblasts enhanced tumor growth and vasculature as well as increased expression of the pro-angiogenic factors. These effects were blunted by dn-p38. Metadata analysis showed elevated expression of p38 target genes in breast cancers and this was an unfavorable marker of disease recurrence and poor-outcome. Thus, our study demonstrates that tumor p38MAPK signaling promotes breast carcinoma growth, invasive and metastatic capacities. Importantly, p38 enhances carcinoma vascularization by facilitating expression and deposition of pro-angiogenic factors. These results argue that p38MAPK is a valuable target for anticancer therapy affecting tumor vasculature. Anti-p38 drugs may provide new therapeutic strategies against breast cancer, including metastatic disease.

Tumor p38MAPK signaling enhances breast carcinoma vascularization and growth by promoting expression and deposition of pro-tumorigenic factors

PubMed Central

Limoge, Michelle; Safina, Alfiya; Truskinovsky, Alexander M.; Aljahdali, Ieman; Zonneville, Justin; Gruevski, Aleksandar; Arteaga, Carlos L.; Bakin, Andrei V.

2017-01-01

The breast carcinoma microenvironment strikingly influences cancer progression and response to therapy. Various cell types in the carcinoma microenvironment show significant activity of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), although the role of p38MAPK in breast cancer progression is still poorly understood. The present study examined the contribution of tumor p38MAPK to breast carcinoma microenvironment and metastatic capacity. Inactivation of p38MAPK signaling in metastatic breast carcinoma cells was achieved by forced expression of the kinase-inactive mutant of p38/MAPK14 (a dominant-negative p38, dn-p38). Disruption of tumor p38MAPK signaling reduced growth and metastases of breast carcinoma xenografts. Importantly, dn-p38 markedly decreased tumor blood-vessel density and lumen sizes. Mechanistic studies revealed that p38 controls expression of pro-angiogenic extracellular factors such as matrix protein Fibronectin and cytokines VEGFA, IL8, and HBEGF. Tumor-associated fibroblasts enhanced tumor growth and vasculature as well as increased expression of the pro-angiogenic factors. These effects were blunted by dn-p38. Metadata analysis showed elevated expression of p38 target genes in breast cancers and this was an unfavorable marker of disease recurrence and poor-outcome. Thus, our study demonstrates that tumor p38MAPK signaling promotes breast carcinoma growth, invasive and metastatic capacities. Importantly, p38 enhances carcinoma vascularization by facilitating expression and deposition of pro-angiogenic factors. These results argue that p38MAPK is a valuable target for anticancer therapy affecting tumor vasculature. Anti-p38 drugs may provide new therapeutic strategies against breast cancer, including metastatic disease. PMID:28977919

Heparanase augments insulin receptor signaling in breast carcinoma

PubMed Central

Goldberg, Rachel; Sonnenblick, Amir; Hermano, Esther; Hamburger, Tamar; Meirovitz, Amichay; Peretz, Tamar; Elkin, Michael

2017-01-01

Recently, growing interest in the potential link between metabolic disorders (i.e., diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome) and breast cancer has mounted, including studies which indicate that diabetic/hyperinsulinemic women have a significantly higher risk of bearing breast tumors that are more aggressive and associated with higher death rates. Insulin signaling is regarded as a major contributor to this phenomenon; much less is known about the role of heparan sulfate-degrading enzyme heparanase in the link between metabolic disorders and cancer. In the present study we analyzed clinical samples of breast carcinoma derived from diabetic/non-diabetic patients, and investigated effects of heparanase on insulin signaling in breast carcinoma cell lines, as well as insulin-driven growth of breast tumor cells. We demonstrate that heparanase activity leads to enhanced insulin signaling and activation of downstream tumor-promoting pathways in breast carcinoma cells. In agreement, heparanase enhances insulin-induced proliferation of breast tumor cells in vitro. Moreover, analyzing clinical data from diabetic breast carcinoma patients, we found that concurrent presence of both diabetic state and heparanase in tumor tissue (as opposed to either condition alone) was associated with more aggressive phenotype of breast tumors in the patient cohort analyzed in our study (two-sided Fisher's exact test; p=0.04). Our findings highlight the emerging role of heparanase in powering effect of hyperinsulinemic state on breast tumorigenesis and imply that heparanase targeting, which is now under intensive development/clinical testing, could be particularly efficient in a growing fraction of breast carcinoma patients suffering from metabolic disorders. PMID:28038446

Tea phytochemicals for breast cancer prevention and intervention: From bench to bedside and beyond.

PubMed

Sinha, Dona; Biswas, Jaydip; Nabavi, Seyed Mohammad; Bishayee, Anupam

2017-10-01

The National Cancer Institute of the United States had projected breast cancer as one of the topmost prevalent malignancies of 2016. It was estimated that in 2016, 246,660 new cases of invasive breast cancer were expected to be diagnosed in women in the US, along with 61,000 new cases of non-invasive (in situ) breast cancer. The heterogeneity of breast cancer accounts for its differential molecular subtyping. Recent incorporation of high throughput approaches helps early prognosis of breast cancer, but recurrence of the disease stands to be one of the most daunting fact behind non-availability of third line treatment. At this point of crisis, application of chemopreventive measures could possibly resolve the enigma of breast cancer. The world class beverage tea has proven its efficacy in ameliorating various genetic and epigenetic anomalies in breast cancer. Tea phytoconstituents are known to modulate myriad molecular events which include prominent regulators of intracellular signaling, such as phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/nuclear factor-κB, epidermal growth factor receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2 associated X protein in the development and progression of breast carcinoma. This review aims to encompass the detailed modulatory roles of tea phytochemicals, their analogs and nanoformulations against mammary carcinoma and the probability of using tea in therapeutic management of breast cancer. Finally, current limitations, challenges and future directions of tea and breast cancer research are also critically discussed. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Metastasis of lobular breast carcinoma to the uterus in a patient under anastrozole therapy.

PubMed

Ustaalioglu, Basak B O; Bilici, Ahmet; Seker, Mesut; Salman, Tarik; Gumus, Mahmut; Barisik, Nagehan O; Salepci, Taflan; Yaylaci, Mustafa

2009-07-01

Metastasis of extragenital neoplasms to the uterus are rarely encountered, and usually occur as a manifestation of advanced disease. Lobular carcinoma is the most common type of breast cancer that metastasizes to the uterus. We report on a 56-year-old woman who 3 years previously was diagnosed with invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast and was treated with surgery followed by chemotherapy and radiotherapy. While the patient was on adjuvant anastrozole therapy for 2 years, she complained of vaginal bleeding. Because of endometrial thickening and a uterine leiomyoma detected during abdominal ultrasonographic ex-amination, a total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was performed. Histopathologic examination of the specimens revealed carcinoma infiltration of the myometrium, endometrium, cervix, uterine tube, and left ovary. Immunohistochemical staining of tumoral cells with pancytokeratin and gross cystic disease fluid protein (GCDFP-15) proved the diagnosis of metastatic lobular breast carcinoma to the uterus. To our knowledge, this is the second case of lobular breast carcinoma metastasized to the uterus under anastrozole therapy. In women with lobular breast cancer under adjuvant anastrozole therapy, who present with vaginal bleeding, uterine metastasis of lobular carcinoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis. Copyright 2009 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Metastatic Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Breast Identified by Tc-99m-HYNIC-TOC SPECT/CT: A Rare Case Report.

PubMed

Claimon, Apichaya; Chuthapisith, Suebwong; Samarnthai, Norasate; Pusuwan, Pawana

2015-08-01

The authors reported an uncommon presentation of metastatic neuroendocrine carcinoma to the breast detected by Tc-99m-HYNIC-TOC SPECT/CT in a 49 years old woman who, previously, had carcinoid tumor of left main bronchus and invasive ductal carcinoma of the right breast. Later, the patient developed left breast mass. Core needle biopsy of the mass revealed poorly differentiated invasive ductal carcinoma. The disease remained stable for 12 years without any treatment on that left breast (due to patient's rejection). On the later investigation using Tc-99m-HYNIC-TOC scintigraphy examination, rather than invasive ductal carcinoma, metastatic neuroendocrine cancer was suggested. The final diagnosis was confirmed by pathological examination after surgical excision. Multiple metastatic lesions of neuroendocrine carcinoma at lung, liver, ovaries, and bones were also depicted. Due to the good behavior of the disease, patient had been doing well for eight months, without specific treatment. This report confirmed the advantage and the accuracy of Tc-99m-HYNIC-TOC scintigraphy in detection of neuroendocrine carcinoma. Furthermore, metastatic neuroendocrine tumor should be in differential diagnosis for patient with breast mass together with history of neuroendocrine tumor

First-in-Human Positron Emission Tomography Study Using the 18F-αvβ6-Binding-Peptide

ClinicalTrials.gov

2018-03-01

Breast Carcinoma; Colorectal Carcinoma; Lung Carcinoma; Metastatic Malignant Neoplasm in the Breast; Metastatic Malignant Neoplasm in the Colon; Metastatic Malignant Neoplasm in the Lung; Metastatic Malignant Neoplasm in the Rectum; Pancreatic Carcinoma

Breast abscess as the initial manifestation of primary pure squamous cell carcinoma: a rare presentation and literature review.

PubMed

Salemis, Nikolaos S

2011-01-01

Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the breast is a very rare tumor accounting for less than 0.4% of all breast cancers. Fewer than 100 cases have been reported in the literature so far. The diagnosis requires strict pathologic criteria to be fulfilled. Due to the rarity of this tumor the optimal treatment and prognosis are both unclear. Breast abscess as the initial presentation of a primary squamous cell breast carcinoma is an extremely rare clinical entity. In this study, we describe a case of a 61-year-old postmenopausal woman who presented with typical manifestations of a breast abscess and was diagnosed with a pure primary squamous cell breast carcinoma. Diagnostic evaluation and management of the patient are discussed along with a review of the literature. Despite its rarity, the possibility of a primary pure squamous cell breast carcinoma should always be considered in the differential diagnosis in postmenopausal patients presenting with manifestations of a breast abscess, especially in those who respond poorly to the initial treatment. Physicians should be aware of this rare malignancy in order to avoid delays in diagnosis and treatment.

Florid papillomatosis of the nipple. A study of 51 patients, including nine with mammary carcinoma.

PubMed

Rosen, P P; Caicco, J A

1986-02-01

The present study was undertaken to review the pathology of florid papillomatosis (FP) of the nipple and to examine the relationship of FP to breast carcinoma. Clinical features of 49 women studied did not differ appreciably from those noted on prior reports, except that in one instance the lesion was probably congenital. Histologically, three distinct growth patterns were found: sclerosing papillomatosis (17 cases), papillomatosis (12 cases), and adenosis (3 cases). In 17 other cases, mixtures of these proliferative patterns were seen. FP with the sclerosing papillomatosis pattern more frequently had areas of focal necrosis in hyperplastic ducts and scattered mitoses, features that might be interpreted as evidence of carcinoma. No prognostic significance can be attributed to these patterns, since all types were cured by excision with follow-up that averaged 8.3 years. Seven of the 49 women had carcinoma in the same breast as FP: Two women had invasive carcinoma that appeared to arise from FP, and four women had concurrent invasive carcinomas that were separate from the FP; the seventh woman developed diffuse intraductal carcinoma 10 years after FP was excised from the same breast. Three of the seven women were also treated for contralateral breast carcinoma. Also reviewed were lesions from two men who had carcinoma arising in FP. One had intraductal carcinoma with Paget's disease and the other had invasive carcinoma. Appreciation of the diverse histological patterns of FP may be helpful in avoiding an erroneous diagnosis of carcinoma. Features indicative of carcinoma arising in FP are Paget's disease and areas of invasion. FP of the nipple is rarely the substrate for mammary carcinoma and is adequately treated by local excision. Coexistence with carcinoma elsewhere in the same or opposite breast occurs often enough to warrant thorough examination of the breasts when FP of the nipple is diagnosed. The risk of subsequent carcinoma following excision of FP appears to be low, but clinical follow-up is prudent.

A model of tumor architecture and spatial interactions with tumor microenvironment in breast carcinoma

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ben Cheikh, Bassem; Bor-Angelier, Catherine; Racoceanu, Daniel

2017-03-01

Breast carcinomas are cancers that arise from the epithelial cells of the breast, which are the cells that line the lobules and the lactiferous ducts. Breast carcinoma is the most common type of breast cancer and can be divided into different subtypes based on architectural features and growth patterns, recognized during a histopathological examination. Tumor microenvironment (TME) is the cellular environment in which tumor cells develop. Being composed of various cell types having different biological roles, TME is recognized as playing an important role in the progression of the disease. The architectural heterogeneity in breast carcinomas and the spatial interactions with TME are, to date, not well understood. Developing a spatial model of tumor architecture and spatial interactions with TME can advance our understanding of tumor heterogeneity. Furthermore, generating histological synthetic datasets can contribute to validating, and comparing analytical methods that are used in digital pathology. In this work, we propose a modeling method that applies to different breast carcinoma subtypes and TME spatial distributions based on mathematical morphology. The model is based on a few morphological parameters that give access to a large spectrum of breast tumor architectures and are able to differentiate in-situ ductal carcinomas (DCIS) and histological subtypes of invasive carcinomas such as ductal (IDC) and lobular carcinoma (ILC). In addition, a part of the parameters of the model controls the spatial distribution of TME relative to the tumor. The validation of the model has been performed by comparing morphological features between real and simulated images.

Intraductal Glycogen-Rich Clear Cell Carcinoma of the Breast: A Rare Presentation and Review of the Literature

PubMed Central

Salemis, Nikolaos S.

2012-01-01

Background Glycogen-rich clear cell carcinoma of the breast is a rare histological subtype of breast cancer, accounting for 0.9–2.8% of all breast cancer cases. Fewer than 100 cases have been reported in the literature. Most of these tumors are invasive carcinomas. The intraductal glycogen-rich clear cell carcinoma is a very rare occurrence. Case Report Herein is described a case of a pure intraductal glycogen-rich clear cell carcinoma of the breast in a 42-year-old premenopausal woman. A literature review has also been carried out. Mammography was inconclusive due to the presence of dense breast tissue, but magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed several nodular lesions measuring 7 × 6 cm in diameter and involving the upper aspect of the right breast suggestive of multifocal malignancy. A modified radical mastectomy was performed. The patient started hormonal therapy with tamoxifen and is currently well 16 months after surgery. Conclusion A pure intraductal glycogen-rich clear cell carcinoma of the breast is a very rare occurrence. The case presented here exhibited uncommon MRI features, whereas the tumor size is one of the largest reported in the literature. Mammography may be inconclusive in the presence of dense breast tissue, but MRI is of great importance in the preoperative evaluation of the patient. PMID:23904836

TP53-inducible Glycolysis and Apoptosis Regulator (TIGAR) Metabolically Reprograms Carcinoma and Stromal Cells in Breast Cancer*

PubMed Central

Ko, Ying-Hui; Domingo-Vidal, Marina; Roche, Megan; Lin, Zhao; Whitaker-Menezes, Diana; Seifert, Erin; Capparelli, Claudia; Tuluc, Madalina; Birbe, Ruth C.; Tassone, Patrick; Curry, Joseph M.; Navarro-Sabaté, Àurea; Manzano, Anna; Bartrons, Ramon; Caro, Jaime; Martinez-Outschoorn, Ubaldo

2016-01-01

A subgroup of breast cancers has several metabolic compartments. The mechanisms by which metabolic compartmentalization develop in tumors are poorly characterized. TP53 inducible glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR) is a bisphosphatase that reduces glycolysis and is highly expressed in carcinoma cells in the majority of human breast cancers. Hence we set out to determine the effects of TIGAR expression on breast carcinoma and fibroblast glycolytic phenotype and tumor growth. The overexpression of this bisphosphatase in carcinoma cells induces expression of enzymes and transporters involved in the catabolism of lactate and glutamine. Carcinoma cells overexpressing TIGAR have higher oxygen consumption rates and ATP levels when exposed to glutamine, lactate, or the combination of glutamine and lactate. Coculture of TIGAR overexpressing carcinoma cells and fibroblasts compared with control cocultures induce more pronounced glycolytic differences between carcinoma and fibroblast cells. Carcinoma cells overexpressing TIGAR have reduced glucose uptake and lactate production. Conversely, fibroblasts in coculture with TIGAR overexpressing carcinoma cells induce HIF (hypoxia-inducible factor) activation with increased glucose uptake, increased 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase-3 (PFKFB3), and lactate dehydrogenase-A expression. We also studied the effect of this enzyme on tumor growth. TIGAR overexpression in carcinoma cells increases tumor growth in vivo with increased proliferation rates. However, a catalytically inactive variant of TIGAR did not induce tumor growth. Therefore, TIGAR expression in breast carcinoma cells promotes metabolic compartmentalization and tumor growth with a mitochondrial metabolic phenotype with lactate and glutamine catabolism. Targeting TIGAR warrants consideration as a potential therapy for breast cancer. PMID:27803158

Paclitaxel, Nab-paclitaxel, or Ixabepilone With or Without Bevacizumab in Treating Patients With Stage IIIC or Stage IV Breast Cancer

ClinicalTrials.gov

2016-11-14

Estrogen Receptor Negative; Estrogen Receptor Positive; HER2/Neu Negative; HER2/Neu Positive; Male Breast Carcinoma; Progesterone Receptor Negative; Progesterone Receptor Positive; Recurrent Breast Carcinoma; Stage IIIC Breast Cancer AJCC v6; Stage IV Breast Cancer

Breast mass as the initial presentation of esophageal carcinoma: a case report

PubMed Central

Norooz, Mohammad Tayefeh; Ahmadi, Hamed; Zavarei, Mansour Jamali; Daryaei, Parviz

2009-01-01

Introduction Esophageal cancer is considered as a fatal malignancy. It mostly metastasizes to lung, liver, and bone while breast metastasis has been rarely reported. This is the fifth report of metastatic breast cancer from esophageal cancer, which differs from previous reported cases in terms of initial presentation with metastatic breast mass and no metastatic involvement of other organs. Case presentation We present a 35-year-old Caucasian woman who initially complained of a painful breast mass. Squamous pearls on cytologic evaluation suggested a metastatic lesion. Two months history of dysphagia was extracted through detailed interview with patient and further investigation revealed a stage IV esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Conclusion In this case, breast lesion as an unusual presentation of esophageal carcinoma emphasizes the great role of thorough medical history taking and cytologic study in evaluating an accidentally detected breast mass. The increasing reports of breast metastasis in patients with esophageal carcinoma necessitate the careful breast examination in visits after treatment of the primary tumor. PMID:19829901

Meta-analysis of incidence of early lung toxicity in 3-dimensional conformal irradiation of breast carcinomas

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Background This meta-analysis aims to ascertain the significance of early lung toxicity with 3-Dimensional (3D) conformal irradiation for breast carcinomas and identify the sub-groups of patients with increased risk. Methods Electronic databases, reference sections of major oncological textbooks and identified studies were searched for synonyms of breast radiotherapy and radiation pneumonitis (RP). Major studies in thoracic irradiation were reviewed to identify factors frequently associated with RP. Meta-analysis for RP incidence estimation and odds ratio calculation were carried out. Results The overall incidence of Clinical and Radiological RP is 14% and 42% respectively. Ten studies were identified. Dose-volume Histogram (DVH) related dosimetric factors (Volume of lung receiving certain dose, Vdose and Mean lung Dose, MLD), supraclavicular fossa (SCF) irradiation and age are significantly associated with RP, but not sequential chemotherapy and concomitant use of Tamoxifen. A poorly powered study in IMN group contributed to the negative finding. Smoking has a trend towards protective effect against RP. Conclusion Use of other modalities may be considered when Ipsilateral lung V20Gy > 30% or MLD > 15 Gy. Extra caution is needed in SCF and IMN irradiation as they are likely to influence these dosimetric parameters. PMID:24229418

Fulvestrant With or Without Lapatinib in Treating Postmenopausal Women With Stage III or Stage IV Breast Cancer That is Hormone Receptor-Positive

ClinicalTrials.gov

2018-06-01

Estrogen Receptor Positive; HER2 Positive Breast Carcinoma; HER2/Neu Negative; Progesterone Receptor Positive; Recurrent Breast Carcinoma; Stage IIIB Breast Cancer AJCC v7; Stage IIIC Breast Cancer AJCC v7; Stage IV Breast Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

Young investigator challenge: The utility of GATA3 immunohistochemistry in the evaluation of metastatic breast carcinomas in malignant effusions.

PubMed

Lew, Madelyn; Pang, Judy C; Jing, Xin; Fields, Kristina L; Roh, Michael H

2015-10-01

It is not uncommon to encounter challenges in the immunohistochemical confirmation of metastatic breast cancer given the limited sensitivities of mammaglobin and gross cystic disease fluid protein 15 (GCDFP-15/BRST-2) and the significant proportion of triple-negative breast carcinomas (ie, tumors that are negative for estrogen receptor [ER], and progesterone receptor [PgR], and human epidermal growth factor 2 [HER2]). GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3) has emerged as a potentially useful immunohistochemical adjunct during the evaluation of metastatic breast carcinomas in cytology specimens. The objective of the current study was to examine GATA3 expression in the context of malignant effusions secondary to both mammary and extramammary malignancies. In total, 306 malignant effusions (from 62 metastatic breast carcinomas and 244 extramammary malignancies) were examined using GATA3 immunohistochemistry. Effusions with metastatic breast carcinoma were also examined using immunohistochemistry for additional breast markers (ER, PgR, HER2, mammaglobin, and GCDFP-15/BRST-2). GATA3 immunohistochemistry highlighted the tumor cells in 58 of the 62 samples (93.5%) from patients with metastatic breast carcinoma, which was higher than the observed sensitivity of immunohistochemistry for ER (63.8%), PgR (41.4%), HER2 (15.5%), mammaglobin (22.4%), and GCDFP-15/BRST-2 (5.2%). GATA3 expression also was observed in a subset of malignant effusions secondary to extramammary primaries, specifically, in 28 of 244 specimens (11.5%). GATA3 is a highly sensitive marker for the detection of metastatic breast carcinomas in effusion specimens. However, this marker is not entirely specific for malignancies of breast origin. Thus, GATA3 should be used in conjunction with additional immunohistochemical markers during the cytologic evaluation of malignant effusions. © 2015 American Cancer Society.

Intraductal location of the sclerosing adenosis of the breast.

PubMed

Unal, Bulent; Gur, A Serhat; Bhargava, Rohit; Edington, Howard; Ahrendt, Gretchen; Soran, Atilla

2009-01-01

Sclerosing adenosis is a benign breast disease with non-specific images on ultrasound or mammogram. It can mimic infiltrating carcinoma when the above mentioned imaging techniques are used. Herein we present a patient with breast cancer who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy and subsequently underwent mastectomy. Ductoscopy was performed to the mastectomised breast specimen as per the ductoscopy research protocol. Ductoscopy revealed several nodular lesions in the duct with no additional demonstrable intraductal pathology. The lesions were reported as sclerosing adenosis by pathologist. As to our knowledge, this is the first case in literature that demonstrates the use of ductoscopy in diagnosing the sclerosing adenosis in the breast tissue. Ductoscopy and development of ductoscopy guided biopsy techniques may be used as an early diagnostic method for the ductal breast lesions (Fig. 2, Ref. 10). Full Text (Free, PDF) www.bmj.sk.

Prognostic Significance of Telomere Attrition in Ductal Carcinoma in Situ of the Breast

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-02-01

will comprise the retrospective study. 15. SUBJECT TERMS Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), breast cancer , telomeres, prognosis, genomic instability...DCIS who eventually progress to invasive breast cancer is small (4-6). A Danish autopsy study found that 25% of women had in situ carcinomas, including...DCIS, at their death, although the lifetime risk of developing breast cancer during the same period was only 1% (7). Similarly, only 32% of women

Prognostic Significance of Telomere Attrition in Ductal Carcinoma in Situ of the Breast

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-02-01

DCIS tissues, (ii) TC is associated with tumor stage and (iii) TC in DCIS is associated with breast cancer -free survival. 15. SUBJECT TERMS Ductal...carcinoma in situ (DCIS), breast cancer , telomeres, prognosis, genomic instability 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT 18...DCIS who eventually progress to invasive breast cancer is small (4-6). A Danish autopsy study found that 25% of women had in situ carcinomas

Klinefelter's syndrome associated with breast carcinoma and Paget's disease of the nipple.

PubMed

Moshakis, V; Fordyce, M J; Griffiths, J D

1983-09-01

We describe a patient with Klinefelter's syndrome associated with multi-focal breast carcinoma and Paget's disease of the nipple. Reviewing the 16 previously documented cases in the world literature, it is apparent that patients with this syndrome have an increased incidence of breast carcinoma. There is no evidence to date to suggest that such tumour is morphologically or biologically different from breast cancer in females and normal men.

Breast metastases from colorectal carcinoma.

PubMed

Mihai, Radu; Christie-Brown, Jonathan; Bristol, James

2004-04-01

A case history is presented of a 53-year-old woman with an incidental finding of a breast lump, identified after having had chemotherapy for lung metastases from a rectal carcinoma. Clinical examination, ultrasound, mammography, fine needle aspiration and core biopsies could not prove definitively whether the breast lump represented a metastasis from colorectal carcinoma. Following local excision, the final diagnosis of metastatic colorectal carcinoma to the breast was based on the absence of any site of origin within the breast (i.e. no surrounding DCIS) and on the expression of cytokeratin CK7 and CK20 on immunohistochemistry. Postoperative chemotherapy was initiated. Four months later, although without local recurrence in the breast, the patient developed cutaneous metastatic deposits and active treatment was stopped. A review of other cases of breast metastases from extramammary sources is presented. Possible mechanisms for this rare and unusual phenomenon are discussed.

Prevalence of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in women with carcinoma in situ of the breast referred for genetic testing

PubMed Central

Hall, Michael J.; Reid, Julia E.; Wenstrup, Richard J.

2010-01-01

Background Carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the breast will account for 62,280 (24.5%) of new breast cancer diagnoses in 2009. Management guidelines for BRCA1/2 mutation carriers advise close follow-up, intensive screening, and consideration of prophylactic surgeries to lower cancer risk. The prevalence of BRCA1/2 mutations in women with a history of CIS using comprehensive DNA sequencing and rearrangement testing has not been definitively documented. Methods The prevalence of mutations in non-Ashkenazi Jewish women with CIS was assessed by way of a cross-sectional analysis of the Myriad Genetic Laboratories, Inc. BRCA1/2 database. Women reporting any diagnosis of CIS were included. All statistical tests are two-sided, and confidence intervals are reported at the 95% level (α =0.05). Results Among the test population (N=64717), 11.3%(n=7295) reported a history of CIS (any reported CIS). For women without personal history of invasive cancer (CIS alone+CIS and any family history subgroups), those with early-onset CIS had a significantly increased risk of a BRCA1/2 mutation compared to women with late-onset disease (≥50 years)(OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1–2.1). Among women reporting only a history of CIS and no personal or family history (CIS alone), mutation prevalence was 2.3% (17/738). Conclusions In patients referred for genetic testing, early-onset CIS is associated with BRCA1/2. When a family history of breast and/or ovarian cancer are also present, testing women with early-onset CIS may increase the likelihood of BRCA1/2 mutation detection, and the opportunity for carriers to consider additional cancer prevention strategies. PMID:21149333

Male breast cancer in a young patient treated with nipple-sparing mastectomy: case report and review of the literature.

PubMed

Luini, Alberto; Gatti, Giovanna; Brenelli, Fabricio; Silva, Luzemira Santos; Ivaldi, Giovanni; Vento, Anna Rita; Gentilini, Oreste

2007-01-01

Male breast carcinoma is an uncommon phenomenon, accounting for less than 1% of all malignancies of the breast. The approximate annual incidence in Europe is 1 in 100,000 cases. The highest incidence occurs 5-10 years later in men than in women, with a peak at 60 to 67 years of age. We here describe a case of male breast carcinoma in a young patient (44 years of age), which is quite unusual in the pattern of breast carcinoma presentation.

Chromosome 3p allele loss in early invasive breast cancer: detailed mapping and association with clinicopathological features

PubMed Central

Martinez, A; Walker, R A; Shaw, J A; Dearing, S J; Maher, E R; Latif, F

2001-01-01

Aims—Chromosome 3p allele loss is a frequent event in many common sporadic cancers including lung, breast, kidney, ovarian, and head and neck cancer. To analyse the extent and frequency of 3p allelic losses in T1N0 and T1N1 invasive sporadic breast cancer, 19 microsatellite markers spread along 3p were analysed in 40 such breast carcinomas with known clinicopathological parameters. Methods—Loss of heterozygosity analysis was carried out using 3p microsatellite markers that were non-randomly distributed and chosen to represent regions that show hemizygous and/or homozygous losses in lung cancer (lung cancer tumour suppressor gene region 1 ( LCTSGR1) at 3p21.3 and LCTSGR2 at 3p12), and regions demonstrating suppression of tumorigenicity in breast, kidney, lung, and ovarian cancer. Results—Allelic loss was seen at one or more loci in 22 of these clinically early stage sporadic breast tumours, but none had complete 3p allele loss. Several regions with non-overlapping deletions were defined, namely: (1) 18 tumours showed loss at 3p21–22, a physical distance of 12 Mb; (2) 11 tumours showed loss at 3p12 within a physical distance of 1 Mb, this region is contained within LCTSGR2; (3) six tumours showed loss at 3p25–24, including the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) locus; (4) five tumours showed loss at 3p14.2, including the fragile histidine triad (FHIT) locus. Conclusions—This is the largest study to date defining the extent and range of 3p allelic losses in early stage invasive breast cancer and the results indicate that region 3p21–22 containing LCTSGR1 and a region at 3p12 within LCTSGR2 are the most frequent sites of 3p allelic loss in these breast carcinomas. This suggests that tumour suppressor genes located in these regions may play important roles in the development of breast cancer. There was an association between increasing 3p allelic loss and increasing tumour grade and loss of progesterone (p = 0.0098) and oestrogen (p = 0.0472) receptor expression, indicating a link between 3p allelic loss and the regulation of differentiation. PMID:11577171

Chromosome 3p allele loss in early invasive breast cancer: detailed mapping and association with clinicopathological features.

PubMed

Martinez, A; Walker, R A; Shaw, J A; Dearing, S J; Maher, E R; Latif, F

2001-10-01

Chromosome 3p allele loss is a frequent event in many common sporadic cancers including lung, breast, kidney, ovarian, and head and neck cancer. To analyse the extent and frequency of 3p allelic losses in T1N0 and T1N1 invasive sporadic breast cancer, 19 microsatellite markers spread along 3p were analysed in 40 such breast carcinomas with known clinicopathological parameters. Loss of heterozygosity analysis was carried out using 3p microsatellite markers that were non-randomly distributed and chosen to represent regions that show hemizygous and/or homozygous losses in lung cancer (lung cancer tumour suppressor gene region 1 ( LCTSGR1) at 3p21.3 and LCTSGR2 at 3p12), and regions demonstrating suppression of tumorigenicity in breast, kidney, lung, and ovarian cancer. Allelic loss was seen at one or more loci in 22 of these clinically early stage sporadic breast tumours, but none had complete 3p allele loss. Several regions with non-overlapping deletions were defined, namely: (1) 18 tumours showed loss at 3p21-22, a physical distance of 12 Mb; (2) 11 tumours showed loss at 3p12 within a physical distance of 1 Mb, this region is contained within LCTSGR2; (3) six tumours showed loss at 3p25-24, including the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) locus; (4) five tumours showed loss at 3p14.2, including the fragile histidine triad (FHIT) locus. This is the largest study to date defining the extent and range of 3p allelic losses in early stage invasive breast cancer and the results indicate that region 3p21-22 containing LCTSGR1 and a region at 3p12 within LCTSGR2 are the most frequent sites of 3p allelic loss in these breast carcinomas. This suggests that tumour suppressor genes located in these regions may play important roles in the development of breast cancer. There was an association between increasing 3p allelic loss and increasing tumour grade and loss of progesterone (p = 0.0098) and oestrogen (p = 0.0472) receptor expression, indicating a link between 3p allelic loss and the regulation of differentiation.

Primary Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Breast: Histopathological Criteria, Prognostic Factors, and Review of the Literature

PubMed Central

Marinova, Lena; Vicheva, Snezhinka

2016-01-01

We present here a case of a 42-year-old woman diagnosed with primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the breast (NECB). We discuss the importance of histological criteria for primary neuroendocrine mammary carcinoma, established by WHO in 2003 and 2012. After an overview of different cases of primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the breast published in the literature, we present information about differential diagnosis, prognostic factors, and surgical and adjuvant treatment. Prognosis of NECB is not different from that of other invasive breast carcinomas and the most important prognostic factor is tumor grade (G). There is no standard treatment and patients should be treated similarly to patients with invasive ductal carcinoma, NOS (not otherwise specified), whose choice of therapy depends on tumor's size, degree of differentiation, clinical stage, and hormonal status. PMID:27840759

Veliparib and Carboplatin in Treating Patients With HER2-Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer

ClinicalTrials.gov

2018-04-20

BRCA1 Gene Mutation; BRCA2 Gene Mutation; Estrogen Receptor Negative; Estrogen Receptor Positive; HER2/Neu Negative; Progesterone Receptor Negative; Progesterone Receptor Positive; Recurrent Breast Carcinoma; Stage IIIB Breast Cancer AJCC v7; Stage IIIC Breast Cancer AJCC v7; Stage IV Breast Cancer AJCC v6 and v7; Triple-Negative Breast Carcinoma

A case of multicentric low-grade neuroendocrine breast tumor with an unusual histological pattern.

PubMed

D'Antonio, Antonio; Addesso, Maria; Memoli, Domenico; Cascone, Annamaria; Cremone, Luigi

2016-01-01

Neuroendocrine features are detectable in carcinomas of the breast either as scattered cells, that are recognized by their expression of neuroendocrine cell markers. Instead, pure breast carcinomas with neuroendocrine features (NEBC) are very rare and represent <1% of all breast cancer. Usually NEBC may be well or poorly differentiated and more frequent in older woman. These tumors showed variable histological pattern but a common feature is represented by expression of neuroendocrine markers. Here we report a case of a primary multicentric low-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma of the breast presented because of its rarity and for the unusual tubular and cribriform pattern resembling a well-differentiated conventional breast carcinoma. The tumor was treated with left quadrantectomy with concomitant wide excisional biopsy of other two nodules and lymph node sentinel biopsy. No recurrence was observed during 1-year follow-up. Because of its rarity and variability of morphologic features, there exist diagnostic challenges for pathologists to differentiate primary NEBC to some conventional breast carcinomas and to the breast metastasis from neuroendocrine tumor of the lung or gastrointestinal tract. It is important to be able recognize this tumor in order to avoid potential misdiagnosis and improper management of afflicted patients.

Presence of papillomavirus sequences in condylomatous lesions of the mamillae and in invasive carcinoma of the breast

PubMed Central

de Villiers, Ethel-Michele; Sandstrom, Robert E; zur Hausen, Harald; Buck, Charles E

2005-01-01

Background Viruses including Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), a human equivalent of murine mammary tumour virus (MMTV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) have been implicated in the aetiology of human breast cancer. We report the presence of HPV DNA sequences in areolar tissue and tumour tissue samples from female patients with breast carcinoma. The presence of virus in the areolar–nipple complex suggests to us a potential pathogenic mechanism. Methods Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was undertaken to amplify HPV types in areolar and tumour tissue from breast cancer cases. In situ hybridisation supported the PCR findings and localised the virus in nipple, areolar and tumour tissue. Results Papillomavirus DNA was present in 25 of 29 samples of breast carcinoma and in 20 of 29 samples from the corresponding mamilla. The most prevalent type in both carcinomas and nipples was HPV 11, followed by HPV 6. Other types detected were HPV 16, 23, 27 and 57 (nipples and carcinomas), HPV 20, 21, 32, 37, 38, 66 and GA3-1 (nipples only) and HPV 3, 15, 24, 87 and DL473 (carcinomas only). Multiple types were demonstrated in seven carcinomas and ten nipple samples. Conclusions The data demonstrate the occurrence of HPV in nipple and areolar tissues in patients with breast carcinoma. The authors postulate a retrograde ductular pattern of viral spread that may have pathogenic significance. PMID:15642157

Veliparib and Atezolizumab Either Alone or in Combination in Treating Patients With Stage III-IV Triple Negative Breast Cancer

ClinicalTrials.gov

2018-03-20

BRCA1 Gene Mutation; BRCA2 Gene Mutation; Estrogen Receptor Negative; HER2/Neu Negative; Progesterone Receptor Negative; Recurrent Breast Carcinoma; Stage III Breast Cancer AJCC v7; Stage IIIA Breast Cancer AJCC v7; Stage IIIB Breast Cancer AJCC v7; Stage IIIC Breast Cancer AJCC v7; Stage IV Breast Cancer AJCC v6 and v7; Triple-Negative Breast Carcinoma

Unusual Metastasis of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma to the Breast: A Cytological and Histopathological Correlation

PubMed Central

Tanwar, Parul; Gandhi, Jatin S; Sharma, Anila; Gupta, Manoj; Choudhary, Partha S

2018-01-01

Breast metastases are a relatively rare condition and account for approximately 0.5–2% of all breast tumors. Recognition of metastatic tumors in the breast is important because it would prevent unnecessary mutilating surgery and would lead to appropriate treatment of the primary tumor. Breast metastases from medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) are very rare with only 21 reported cases in the literature. Some MTCs mimic primary invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast histopathologically and radiologically, making the distinction between the two diagnostically challenging. We present the case of a 45-year-old female presenting with a lump breast, which was later found out to be metastasis from medullary carcinoma thyroid. PMID:29643661

Unexpected metastatic lobular carcinoma of the breast with intraabdominal spread and subsequent port-site metastasis after diagnostic laparoscopy for exclusion of ovarian cancer.

PubMed

Mylonas, Ioannis; Janni, Wolfgang; Friese, Klaus; Gerber, Bernd

2004-11-01

Although lobular carcinomas metastasize primarily to lymph nodes, bone, lung and liver, they can also spread to the gastrointestinal tract, peritoneum and gynecologic organs. We report a case of intraperitoneal carcinomatosis of a lobular breast carcinoma that metastasized primarily to the peritoneum, with a subsequent abdominal wall invasion at the trocar site following laparoscopic surgery for the exclusion of an ovarian carcinoma. Port-site metastases (PSM) have occurred after laparoscopic surgery for endometrial, fallopian tube, ovarian, and cervical cancers. This is the first report of PSM of a lobular breast carcinoma primarily metastasized to the abdominal cavity. Every surgeon should be aware of the metastatic pattern of breast cancer, especially in relation to its histological subtypes. This case report emphasizes that PSM can occur in various kinds of gynecologic tumors, including breast cancer.

Bilateral Breast Metastases from Vulvar Carcinoma: A Case Report and Literature Review

PubMed Central

Kalogerakos, K.; Dimopoulos, Johannes Carl Athanasios; Kalinoglou, N.

2017-01-01

Vulvar carcinoma is a rare disease that accounts for 3–5% of all gynecologic malignancies. Breast represents an unusual site of metastasis and only a few cases are reported. We describe the first case of bilateral metastatic breast carcinoma of vulvar origin, at an 80-year-old female patient. Six months after treatment of her primary disease, she presented with bilateral metastatic squamous cell breast carcinoma. Diagnosis was based on clinical, radiological, and histological facts. Breast although rare is another potential site of metastasis in vulvar cancer and thus mammary gland examination should be considered in the follow-up of these patients. Differential diagnosis between primary and metastatic lesions is of utmost importance for appropriate management. PMID:28487793

Stomach metastasis of breast carcinoma mimicking primary gastric neoplasm on fluorodeoxy glucose-positron emission tomography-computed tomography.

PubMed

Joshi, Prathamesh; Lele, Vikram; Jain, Reetu; Khubchandani, Shaila; Sinhasan, Shraddha

2013-04-01

We present fluorodeoxy glucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) findings in a case of breast carcinoma. The PET/CT findings in this case were suspicious of second primary neoplasm in the stomach. However, on endoscopic biopsy, the lesion was found to be stomach metastasis of breast carcinoma with estrogen receptor positivity. Stomach is a rare site of breast carcinoma metastasis. Our case suggests that it is difficult to distinguish a stomach metastasis of breast cancer from a primary gastric cancer on the basis of clinical and imaging features. However, this differential diagnosis must be kept in mind and it is important to make such distinction because of its implications on patient management.

Mucinous metaplasia of breast carcinoma with macrocystic transformation resembling ovarian mucinous cystadenocarcinoma in a case of synchronous bilateral infiltrating ductal carcinoma.

PubMed

Lee, Sheng-Huang; Chaung, Chen-Rong

2008-09-01

Mammary mucinous cystadenocarcinoma (MCA) is a rare, invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast that is virtually identical morphologically to MCA of the ovary, pancreas or appendix. Synchronous bilateral breast tumors, not uncommonly encountered in fibroadenoma and lobular carcinoma, are unusual in IDC. Reported herein is a primary MCA of the right breast coexisting with a bilateral ordinary IDC in a 55-year-old Taiwanese woman who underwent modified radical mastectomy of both breasts with bilateral axillary level I and II lymph node dissection. In the right breast a 2.5 cm unilocular mucus-filled cyst was found. It had complex papillae, some of which were supported by delicate fibrovascular stroma, lined by simple to slightly stratified columnar neoplastic epithelial cells with intracellular mucin and an abundance of intracystic extracellular mucin, coexisting with a low-grade ordinary IDC. In the left breast a high-grade ordinary IDC was discovered. The patient had undergone simple abdominal total hysterectomy for myoma uteri along with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy 10 years previously. Based on pathological studies and a literature review, it is suggested that mammary MCA arises from mucinous metaplasia and macrocystic transformation of ordinary breast carcinoma. A brief discussion of bilateral breast cancers is also given.

Snail, Slug, and Smad-interacting protein 1 as novel parameters of disease aggressiveness in metastatic ovarian and breast carcinoma.

PubMed

Elloul, Sivan; Elstrand, Mari Bukholt; Nesland, Jahn M; Tropé, Claes G; Kvalheim, Gunnar; Goldberg, Iris; Reich, Reuven; Davidson, Ben

2005-04-15

It was demonstrated previously that the Snail family of transcription factors and Smad-interacting protein 1 (Sip1) regulate E-cadherin and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) expression, cellular morphology, and invasion in carcinoma. For the current study, the authors analyzed the relation between the expression of Snail, Slug, and Sip1; the expression of MMP-2 and E-cadherin; and clinical parameters in patients with metastatic ovarian and breast carcinoma. One hundred one fresh-frozen, malignant effusions from patients who were diagnosed with gynecologic carcinomas (78 ovarian carcinomas and 23 breast carcinomas) were studied for mRNA expression of Snail, Slug, Sip1, MMP-2, and E-cadherin using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis. Snail mRNA and E-cadherin protein expression levels also were studied in ovarian carcinoma effusions using in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry. The results were analyzed for possible correlation with clinicopathologic parameters in both tumor types. E-cadherin mRNA expression was lower in breast carcinoma (P = 0.001), whereas Snail expression was higher (P = 0.003). The Snail/E-cadherin ratio (P < 0.001) and the Sip1/E-cadherin ratio (P = 0.002) were higher in breast carcinomas. Sip1 mRNA expression (P < 0.001) and Slug mRNA expression (P < 0.001) were correlated with the expression of MMP-2 in ovarian carcinomas. The Sip1/E-cadherin ratio was higher in primary ovarian carcinomas at the time of diagnosis compared with postchemotherapy ovarian carcinoma effusions (P = 0.003), higher in Stage IV tumors compared with Stage III tumors (P = 0.049), and higher in pleural effusions compared with peritoneal effusions (P = 0.044). In a univariate survival analysis of patients with ovarian carcinoma, a high Sip1/E-cadherin ratio predicted poor overall survival (P = 0.018). High E-cadherin mRNA expression predicted better disease-free survival (P = 0.023), with a similar trend for a low Slug/E-cadherin ratio (P = 0.07). High Snail mRNA expression predicted shorter effusion-free survival (P = 0.008), disease-free survival (P = 0.03), and overall survival (P = 0.008) in patients with breast carcinoma. Transcription factors that regulate E-cadherin were expressed differentially in metastatic ovarian and breast carcinoma. Snail may predict a poor outcome in patients who have breast carcinoma metastatic to effusions. E-cadherin expression generally was conserved in effusions from patients with ovarian carcinoma, but the subset of patients with postulated Sip1-induced repression of this adhesion molecule had a significantly worse outcome. This finding was in agreement with the stronger suppression of E-cadherin by Snail and Sip1 in breast carcinoma effusions, a clinical condition associated with extremely poor survival. (c) 2005 American Cancer Society.

Analysis of acute-phase proteins, AHSG, C3, CLI, HP and SAA, reveals distinctive expression patterns associated with breast, colorectal and lung cancer.

PubMed

Dowling, Paul; Clarke, Colin; Hennessy, Kim; Torralbo-Lopez, Beatriz; Ballot, Jo; Crown, John; Kiernan, Ingrid; O'Byrne, Kenneth J; Kennedy, M John; Lynch, Vincent; Clynes, Martin

2012-08-15

Early detection, clinical management and disease recurrence monitoring are critical areas in cancer treatment in which specific biomarker panels are likely to be very important in each of these key areas. We have previously demonstrated that levels of alpha-2-heremans-schmid-glycoprotein (AHSG), complement component C3 (C3), clusterin (CLI), haptoglobin (HP) and serum amyloid A (SAA) are significantly altered in serum from patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. Here, we report the abundance levels for these proteins in serum samples from patients with advanced breast cancer, colorectal cancer (CRC) and lung cancer compared to healthy controls (age and gender matched) using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Logistic regression (LR) models were fitted to the resulting data, and the classification ability of the proteins was evaluated using receiver-operating characteristic curve and leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV). The most accurate individual candidate biomarkers were C3 for breast cancer [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.89, LOOCV = 73%], CLI for CRC (AUC = 0.98, LOOCV = 90%), HP for small cell lung carcinoma (AUC = 0.97, LOOCV = 88%), C3 for lung adenocarcinoma (AUC = 0.94, LOOCV = 89%) and HP for squamous cell carcinoma of the lung (AUC = 0.94, LOOCV = 87%). The best dual combination of biomarkers using LR analysis were found to be AHSG + C3 (AUC = 0.91, LOOCV = 83%) for breast cancer, CLI + HP (AUC = 0.98, LOOCV = 92%) for CRC, C3 + SAA (AUC = 0.97, LOOCV = 91%) for small cell lung carcinoma and HP + SAA for both adenocarcinoma (AUC = 0.98, LOOCV = 96%) and squamous cell carcinoma of the lung (AUC = 0.98, LOOCV = 84%). The high AUC values reported here indicated that these candidate biomarkers have the potential to discriminate accurately between control and cancer groups both individually and in combination with other proteins. Copyright © 2011 UICC.

Solid papillary carcinoma with reverse polarity of the breast harbors specific morphologic, immunohistochemical and molecular profile in comparison with other benign or malignant papillary lesions of the breast: a comparative study of 9 additional cases.

PubMed

Alsadoun, Nadjla; MacGrogan, Gaëtan; Truntzer, Caroline; Lacroix-Triki, Magali; Bedgedjian, Isabelle; Koeb, Marie-Hélène; El Alam, Elsy; Medioni, Dan; Parent, Michel; Wuithier, Pascal; Robert, Isabelle; Boidot, Romain; Arnould, Laurent

2018-05-21

Solid papillary carcinoma with reverse polarity is a rare breast cancer of favorable prognosis that can be difficult to diagnose. We report here nine additional cases of this tumor, and we describe its morphologic, immunohistochemical and molecular profile in comparison to other types of papillary and micropapillary lesions of the breast that are intraductal papilloma with usual ductal hyperplasia, encapsulated papillary carcinoma, solid papillary carcinoma and invasive micropapillary carcinoma. We studied nine cases of this special papillary tumor and six of each other types mentioned above. We found that solid papillary carcinoma with reverse polarity harbor specific morphologic features as cuboid or tall cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasms located at the basal pole giving the impression of reverse nuclear polarity. Nuclei were sometimes grooved. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated the lack of myoepithelial cells, as in encapsulated papillary carcinoma and solid papillary carcinoma, questioning their invasive nature. Seven of nine solid papillary carcinoma with reverse polarity showed a low Ki67 proliferative index (Ki67 <5%). They showed expression of CK5/6 as in intraductal papilloma with usual ductal hyperplasia. They showed expression of calretinin and a low or lack of hormonal receptor (HR) expression that were not observed in other breast tumors studied. By whole-exome analysis, seven of nine solid papillary carcinomas with reverse polarity (78%) harbored a hotspot mutation in IDH2 (R172) that was totally absent in other groups. Six of nine tumors (67%) also harbored PRUNE2 mutation, including the two IDH2 wild-type cases. We also demonstrated for the first time in this breast tumor, immunostaining with a specific antibody IDH1/2 mutant R132/R172 (7/9) that can highlight IDH2 mutation. Moreover, transcriptomic analysis showed that proteoglycan pathway was significantly enriched. Our findings support the fact that solid papillary carcinoma with reverse polarity is a singular breast neoplasm that can be distinguished from other papillary breast tumors.

Macro-environment of breast carcinoma: frequent genetic alterations in the normal appearing skins of patients with breast cancer.

PubMed

Moinfar, Farid; Beham, Alfred; Friedrich, Gerhard; Deutsch, Alexander; Hrzenjak, Andelko; Luschin, Gero; Tavassoli, Fattaneh A

2008-05-01

Genetic abnormalities in microenvironmental tissues with subsequent alterations of reciprocal interactions between epithelial and mesenchymal cells play a key role in the breast carcinogenesis. Although a few reports have demonstrated abnormal fibroblastic functions in normal-appearing fibroblasts taken from the skins of breast cancer patients, the genetic basis of this phenomenon and its implication for carcinogenesis are unexplored. We analyzed 12 mastectomy specimens showing invasive ductal carcinomas. In each case, morphologically normal epidermis and dermis, carcinoma, normal stroma close to carcinoma, and stroma at a distant from carcinoma were microdissected. Metastatic-free lymphatic tissues from lymph nodes served as a control. Using PCR, DNA extracts were examined with 11 microsatellite markers known for a high frequency of allelic imbalances in breast cancer. Losses of heterozygosity and/or microsatellite instability were detected in 83% of the skin samples occurring either concurrently with or independently from the cancerous tissues. In 80% of these cases at least one microsatellite marker displayed loss of heterozygosity or microsatellite instability in the skin, which was absent in carcinoma. A total of 41% of samples showed alterations of certain loci observed exclusively in the carcinoma but not in the skin compartments. Our study suggests that breast cancer is not just a localized genetic disorder, but rather part of a larger field of genetic alterations/instabilities affecting multiple cell populations in the organ with various cellular elements, ultimately contributing to the manifestation of the more 'localized' carcinoma. These data indicate that more global assessment of tumor micro- and macro-environment is crucial for our understanding of breast carcinogenesis.

Gastric metastasis from breast carcinoma. Report of three cases, diagnostic-therapeutic critical close examination and literature review.

PubMed

Ghirarduzzi, Andrea; Sivelli, Roberto; Martella, Eugenia; Bella, Mariangela; De Simone, Belinda; Arcuri, Maria Francesca; Zannoni, Marco; Del Rio, Paolo; Sianesi, Mario

2010-01-01

Gastric metastases of breast cancer represent a not so rare event in patients affected. In fact, it occurs in 0.3% of cases. Although the introduction of new adjuvant therapies has given rise to an increase in disease free survival and overall survival rates, it has also led to more frequent occurrences of breast cancer metastatic lesions localized in bone, lung/pleura and liver, but above all in the stomach. The authors present three cases of patients suffering from breast cancer with secondary gastric neoplastic lesions from lobular and infiltrating ductal breast cancer. Lobular breast cancer is the histological type mostly involved in disseminated disease, with an incidence of 85% of cases. A review of the literature reveals that authors address the clinical and diagnostic problems of differentiating between a breast cancer metastasis to the stomach and a primary gastric cancer using recent diagnostic strategies to make an early diagnosis. Today practitioners have specific tests to detect early gastric cancer metastases of breast cancer such as endoscopic ultrasound, which provides a better endoscopic definition of the lesions, and immunohistochemical markers, able to distinguish the primary lobular histological type from ductal cancer. Besides, an early diagnosis associated with the latest adjuvant systemic therapies and hormonal treatment, alone or in combination, may grant affected patients a remission with a survival rate of 10-28 months, and a reasonable quality of life. At present the surgical approach should be reserved for selected cases and/or complications.

Metastatic breast cancer to the liver with hepatoid features and Hep Par 1 antibody positive mimicking hepatocellular carcinoma.

PubMed

Affleck, Authur; Lyman, William B; Jacobs, W Carl; Livasy, Chad A; Martinie, John B; Iannitti, David A; Vrochides, Dionisios

2018-05-09

The hepatocyte paraffin 1 antibody (Hep Par 1) has a high positive predictive value for differentiating hepatocellular carcinoma from cholangiocarcinoma and metastatic carcinoma. 1 We report a case of metastatic breast cancer to the liver with hepatoid histology and strong positive staining for Hep Par 1 mimicking hepatocellular carcinoma. To our knowledge, primary breast carcinoma staining Hep Par 1 positive has not been reported in the setting of hepatic metastasis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Primary epidermoid carcinoma of the breast presenting as a breast abscess and sepsis.

PubMed

Damin, Andrea Pires; Nascimento, Fernanda Costa; Andreola, João Batista; Cerutti, Talita Haubert; Roehe, Adriana; Damin, Daniel Carvalho

2011-12-01

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the breast is an extremely rare form of cancer, accounting for approximately 0.04% of all malignant breast tumors. To date, only a limited number of cases of SCC of the breast have been reported, and most of them presented like the usual breast carcinomas. A 39-year-old woman presented with a large breast abscess and signs of sepsis. After surgical debridement of the lesion, histopathological examination of the abscess capsule revealed the presence of SCC of the breast. The definitive treatment for the tumor consisted of modified radical mastectomy with resection of the residual lesion in the right breast. This unusual case illustrates how an apparently benign disorder such as a breast abscess might be related to a clinically occult malignancy. A review of the literature on SCC of the breast is presented.

Breast cancer and human papillomavirus infection: No evidence of HPV etiology of breast cancer in Indian women

PubMed Central

2011-01-01

Background Two clinically relevant high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) types 16 and 18 are etiologically associated with the development of cervical carcinoma and are also reported to be present in many other carcinomas in extra-genital organ sites. Presence of HPV has been reported in breast carcinoma which is the second most common cancer in India and is showing a fast rising trend in urban population. The two early genes E6 and E7 of HPV type 16 have been shown to immortalize breast epithelial cells in vitro, but the role of HPV infection in breast carcinogenesis is highly controversial. Present study has therefore been undertaken to analyze the prevalence of HPV infection in both breast cancer tissues and blood samples from a large number of Indian women with breast cancer from different geographic regions. Methods The presence of all mucosal HPVs and the most common high-risk HPV types 16 and 18 DNA was detected by two different PCR methods - (i) conventional PCR assays using consensus primers (MY09/11, or GP5+/GP6+) or HPV16 E6/E7 primers and (ii) highly sensitive Real-Time PCR. A total of 228 biopsies and corresponding 142 blood samples collected prospectively from 252 patients from four different regions of India with significant socio-cultural, ethnic and demographic variations were tested. Results All biopsies and blood samples of breast cancer patients tested by PCR methods did not show positivity for HPV DNA sequences in conventional PCRs either by MY09/11 or by GP5+/GP6+/HPV16 E6/E7 primers. Further testing of these samples by real time PCR also failed to detect HPV DNA sequences. Conclusions Lack of detection of HPV DNA either in the tumor or in the blood DNA of breast cancer patients by both conventional and real time PCR does not support a role of genital HPV in the pathogenesis of breast cancer in Indian women. PMID:21247504

Breast lymphoma occurring after an invasive ductal breast carcinoma developed in the same area: A case report and literature review.

PubMed

Demoor-Goldschmidt, C; Mahé, M-A; Supiot, S

2018-04-01

Chemo- and radiotherapy are treatments very helpful to cure cancers but are also well known for adverse effects such as secondary cancers. Breast cancers following Hodgkin lymphoma have been relatively well studied. Breast cancers after radiotherapy covering or nearby breasts or nipples are usually carcinomas or secondary sarcomas. Among the big cohort of patients treated for breast carcinomas, breast lymphomas developed in the same area are not usual. Nevertheless, published studies described a significant increased risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma after initial radiotherapy for a solid cancer. Here, we report a case of a secondary breast lymphoma observed in a 53-year-old woman treated 13 years before for a ductal carcinoma and analyse such second tumors with a review of the literature. This case report emphasizes the importance of the biopsy in case of recurrence in breast cancer to give the appropriate treatment. Copyright © 2018 Société française de radiothérapie oncologique (SFRO). Published by Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.

Patient-reported outcomes of catheter-based accelerated partial breast brachytherapy and whole breast irradiation, a single institution experience.

PubMed

Jethwa, Krishan R; Kahila, Mohamed M; Mara, Kristin C; Harmsen, William S; Routman, David M; Pumper, Geralyn M; Corbin, Kimberly S; Sloan, Jeff A; Ruddy, Kathryn J; Hieken, Tina J; Park, Sean S; Mutter, Robert W

2018-05-01

Accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) and whole breast irradiation (WBI) are treatment options for early-stage breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to compare patient-reported-outcomes (PRO) between patients receiving multi-channel intra-cavitary brachytherapy APBI or WBI. Between 2012 and 2015, 131 patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or early stage invasive breast cancer were treated with adjuvant APBI (64) or WBI (67) and participated in a PRO questionnaire. The linear analog scale assessment (LASA), harvard breast cosmesis scale (HBCS), PRO-common terminology criteria for adverse events- PRO (PRO-CTCAE), and breast cancer treatment outcome scale (BCTOS) were used to assess quality of life (QoL), pain, fatigue, aesthetic and functional status, and breast cosmesis. Comparisons of PROs were performed using t-tests, Wilcoxon rank-sum, Chi square, Fisher exact test, and regression methods. Median follow-up from completion of radiotherapy and questionnaire completion was 13.3 months. There was no significant difference in QoL, pain, or fatigue severity, as assessed by the LASA, between treatment groups (p > 0.05). No factors were found to be predictive of overall QoL on regression analysis. BCTOS health-related QoL scores were similar between treatment groups (p = 0.52).The majority of APBI and WBI patients reported excellent/good breast cosmesis, 88.5% versus 93.7% (p = 0.37). Skin color change (p = 0.011) and breast elevation (p = 0.01) relative to baseline were more common in the group receiving WBI. APBI and WBI were both associated with favorable patient-reported outcomes in early follow-up. APBI resulted in a lesser degree of patient-reported skin color change and breast elevation relative to baseline.

Gamma-Secretase Inhibitor RO4929097 and Cediranib Maleate in Treating Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors

ClinicalTrials.gov

2014-12-22

Adult Anaplastic Astrocytoma; Adult Anaplastic Ependymoma; Adult Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma; Adult Brain Stem Glioma; Adult Giant Cell Glioblastoma; Adult Glioblastoma; Adult Gliosarcoma; Adult Mixed Glioma; Adult Solid Neoplasm; Male Breast Carcinoma; Recurrent Adult Brain Neoplasm; Recurrent Breast Carcinoma; Recurrent Colon Carcinoma; Recurrent Melanoma; Recurrent Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma; Recurrent Ovarian Carcinoma; Recurrent Ovarian Germ Cell Tumor; Recurrent Pancreatic Carcinoma; Recurrent Rectal Carcinoma; Recurrent Renal Cell Carcinoma; Stage III Pancreatic Cancer; Stage III Renal Cell Cancer; Stage IIIA Colon Cancer; Stage IIIA Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer; Stage IIIA Ovarian Cancer; Stage IIIA Ovarian Germ Cell Tumor; Stage IIIA Rectal Cancer; Stage IIIA Skin Melanoma; Stage IIIB Breast Cancer; Stage IIIB Colon Cancer; Stage IIIB Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer; Stage IIIB Ovarian Cancer; Stage IIIB Ovarian Germ Cell Tumor; Stage IIIB Rectal Cancer; Stage IIIB Skin Melanoma; Stage IIIC Breast Cancer; Stage IIIC Colon Cancer; Stage IIIC Ovarian Cancer; Stage IIIC Ovarian Germ Cell Tumor; Stage IIIC Rectal Cancer; Stage IIIC Skin Melanoma; Stage IV Breast Cancer; Stage IV Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer; Stage IV Ovarian Cancer; Stage IV Ovarian Germ Cell Tumor; Stage IV Pancreatic Cancer; Stage IV Renal Cell Cancer; Stage IV Skin Melanoma; Stage IVA Colon Cancer; Stage IVA Rectal Cancer; Stage IVB Colon Cancer; Stage IVB Rectal Cancer

Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of the breast coexisting with infiltrating ductal carcinoma.

PubMed

Chen, Wei-Yu; Chen, Ching-Shyang; Chen, Hsin-Chi; Hung, Yi-Ju; Chu, Jan-Show

2004-10-01

A recently described and rare variant of breast carcinoma, mucinous cystadenocarcinoma (MCA), is reported in a 65-year-old post-menopausal woman. She presented with a gradually enlarged breast tumor. A well-circumscribed tumor measuring about 3 cm in diameter was noted in the mammographic and ultrasonographic examinations. The mammographic and ultrasonographic findings were indistinguishable from more common mucinous carcinoma (colloid carcinoma) of the breast. The gross appearance of the tumor was well-defined and cystic, consisting of abundant transparent to bloody mucin, as well as whitish solid parts. Microscopically, the tumor was characterized by abundant extracellular and intracellular mucin. It looked like a mucinous cystic neoplasm of the ovary and pancreas. Particularly, few microscopic foci of ordinary intermediate-grade infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC) and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) were observed around the main lesion in this case. A transition from ordinary DCIS to MCA in situ was found. It might indicate MCA derives from a metaplasia process of ordinary DCIS. MCA can be easily differentiated from mucinous carcinoma by quite different histologic and immunohistochemical findings. According to the previously reported and present cases, MCA of the breast more commonly affects elderly women and has a relatively favorable prognosis.

[Available resources for the treatment of breast cancer in Mexico].

PubMed

Mohar, Alejandro; Bargalló, Enrique; Ramírez, Ma Teresa; Lara, Fernando; Beltrán-Ortega, Arturo

2009-01-01

Describe the resources for the treatment of breast cancer in Mexico. Information was obtained from 23 Centros Estatales de Cáncer (State Cancer Centers, CEC), two federal hospitals and Cancerología. This study was performed in Mexico City in August/September of 2008. These 23 centers provide medical care for breast cancer including surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy; all of them validated by the Seguro Popular. The costs were defined according to clinical stage and ranged from $27,500.00 pesos for clinical stage 0 to $480,00.00 in the advanced stage. A total of 2 689 women with breast cancer have been treated; only 1% was reported with in situ carcinoma. An adequate medical infrastructure is in place to treat breast cancer in Mexico. The costs are high due to late diagnosis of the disease. Early detection of breast cancer is a high priority for optimal control of this disease in Mexico.

Breast cancer and the "materiality of risk": the rise of morphological prediction.

PubMed

Löwy, Ilana

2007-01-01

This paper follows the history of "morphological risk" of breast cancer. In the early twentieth century, surgeons and pathologists arrived at the conclusion that specific anatomical and cytological changes in the breast are related to a heightened risk of developing a malignancy in the future. This conclusion was directly related to a shift from macroscopic to microscopic diagnosis of malignancies, and to the integration of the frozen section into routine surgery for breast cancer. In the interwar era, conditions such as "chronic mastitis" and "cystic disease of the breast" were defined as precancerous, and women diagnosed with these conditions were advised to undergo mastectomy. In the post-World War II era, these entities were replaced by "carcinoma in situ." The recent development of tests for hereditary predisposition to breast cancer is a continuation of attempts to detect an "embodied risk" of cancer and to eliminate this risk by cutting it out.

Overexpression or ectopic expression of MUC2 is the common property of mucinous carcinomas of the colon, pancreas, breast, and ovary.

PubMed

Hanski, C; Hofmeier, M; Schmitt-Gräff, A; Riede, E; Hanski, M L; Borchard, F; Sieber, E; Niedobitek, F; Foss, H D; Stein, H; Riecken, E O

1997-08-01

Mucinous carcinomas of the colorectum have been reported to overexpress the intestinal mucin MUC2. The purpose of this study was to determine whether this alteration is shared by mucinous tumours of the ovary, breast, and pancreas. A total of 40 breast carcinomas (22 of mucinous and 18 of ductal invasive type), 39 ovarian adenocarcinomas (16 mucinous, 23 serous), 47 colorectal carcinomas (25 mucinous and 22 non-mucinous), and 41 pancreatic adenocarcinomas (14 mucinous, 27 non-mucinous) were investigated by immunohistochemistry with the anti-MUC2 monoclonal antibody 4F1 and the expression pattern was ranked. MUC2 mucin is expressed in the normal colonic epithelium; in the normal epithelium of the breast, ovary, and pancreas, it was not detectable by immunohistochemistry or by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In agreement with previous reports, the colonic mucinous carcinomas differed significantly from the non-mucinous carcinomas by strong MUC2 expression. In all mucinous carcinomas of the ovary, breast, and pancreas, de novo expression of the MUC2 gene was observed, which differentiated mucinous and non-mucinous carcinomas of these tissues (P < 0.001). The overexpression or ectopic expression of the MUC2 gene exhibited by mucinous carcinomas of four organs indicates a common genetic lesion associated with the mucinous tumour phenotype.

Invasive lobular breast carcinoma metastasising to the rectum.

PubMed

Cherian, Nishant; Qureshi, Nafees Ahmad; Cairncross, Callum; Solkar, Mamoon

2017-08-03

Gastrointestinal (GI) metastasis from a primary breast carcinoma is uncommon, with the rectum being one of the least reported sites in the literature. We report a case of a 79-year-old woman who underwent treatment for an infiltrative lobular carcinoma of the right breast with nodal involvement, and 10 years later developed recurrence in the form of rectal metastasis. Spread to the GI tract is most commonly seen with lobular breast carcinomas. Any patient with a history of breast cancer presenting typically or atypically with abdominal symptoms or altered bowel habit should raise a high index of suspicion for recurrent or metastatic disease. © BMJ Publishing Group Ltd (unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2017. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.

Carboplatin and Paclitaxel With or Without Atezolizumab Before Surgery in Treating Patients With Newly Diagnosed, Stage II-III Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

ClinicalTrials.gov

2018-06-08

Estrogen Receptor Negative; HER2/Neu Negative; Invasive Breast Carcinoma; Progesterone Receptor Negative; Stage II Breast Cancer AJCC v6 and v7; Stage IIA Breast Cancer AJCC v6 and v7; Stage IIB Breast Cancer AJCC v6 and v7; Stage III Breast Cancer AJCC v7; Stage IIIA Breast Cancer AJCC v7; Stage IIIB Breast Cancer AJCC v7; Stage IIIC Breast Cancer AJCC v7; Triple-Negative Breast Carcinoma

Evaluating hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines for tumour samples using within-sample relative expression orderings of genes.

PubMed

Ao, Lu; Guo, You; Song, Xuekun; Guan, Qingzhou; Zheng, Weicheng; Zhang, Jiahui; Huang, Haiyan; Zou, Yi; Guo, Zheng; Wang, Xianlong

2017-11-01

Concerns are raised about the representativeness of cell lines for tumours due to the culture environment and misidentification. Liver is a major metastatic destination of many cancers, which might further confuse the origin of hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. Therefore, it is of crucial importance to understand how well they can represent hepatocellular carcinoma. The HCC-specific gene pairs with highly stable relative expression orderings in more than 99% of hepatocellular carcinoma but with reversed relative expression orderings in at least 99% of one of the six types of cancer, colorectal carcinoma, breast carcinoma, non-small-cell lung cancer, gastric carcinoma, pancreatic carcinoma and ovarian carcinoma, were identified. With the simple majority rule, the HCC-specific relative expression orderings from comparisons with colorectal carcinoma and breast carcinoma could exactly discriminate primary hepatocellular carcinoma samples from both primary colorectal carcinoma and breast carcinoma samples. Especially, they correctly classified more than 90% of liver metastatic samples from colorectal carcinoma and breast carcinoma to their original tumours. Finally, using these HCC-specific relative expression orderings from comparisons with six cancer types, we identified eight of 24 hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines in the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (Huh-7, Huh-1, HepG2, Hep3B, JHH-5, JHH-7, C3A and Alexander cells) that are highly representative of hepatocellular carcinoma. Evaluated with a REOs-based prognostic signature for hepatocellular carcinoma, all these eight cell lines showed the same metastatic properties of the high-risk metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma tissues. Caution should be taken for using hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. Our results should be helpful to select proper hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines for biological experiments. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

The Use of Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging Parameters to Identify Possible Signaling Pathways of a Serum Biomarker, HE4.

PubMed

Durur-Karakaya, Afak; Durur-Subasi, Irmak; Karaman, Adem; Akcay, Mufide Nuran; Palabiyik, Saziye Sezin; Erdemci, Burak; Alper, Fatih; Acemoglu, Hamit

2016-01-01

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters; clinical features such as age, tumor diameter, N, T, and TNM stages; and serum human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) levels in patients with breast carcinoma and use this as a means of estimating possible signaling pathways of the biomarker, HE4. Thirty-seven patients with breast cancer were evaluated by breast MRI and serum HE4 levels before therapy. Correlations between parameters including age, tumor diameter T and N, dynamic curve type, enhancement ratio (ER), slope washin (S-WI), time to peak (TTP), slope washout (S-WO), and the serum level of HE4 were investigated statistically. Human epididymis protein 4 levels of early and advanced stage of disease were also compared statistically. Breast MRI parameters showed correlation to serum HE4 levels and correlations were statistically significant. Of these MRI parameters, S-WI had higher correlation coefficient than the others. Human epididymis protein 4 levels were not statistically different in early and advanced stage of disease. High correlation with MRI parameters related to neoangiogenesis may indicate signaling pathway of HE4.

Genetic analysis of microglandular adenosis and acinic cell carcinomas of the breast provides evidence for the existence of a low-grade triple-negative breast neoplasia family.

PubMed

Geyer, Felipe C; Berman, Samuel H; Marchiò, Caterina; Burke, Kathleen A; Guerini-Rocco, Elena; Piscuoglio, Salvatore; Ng, Charlotte Ky; Pareja, Fresia; Wen, Hannah Y; Hodi, Zoltan; Schnitt, Stuart J; Rakha, Emad A; Ellis, Ian O; Norton, Larry; Weigelt, Britta; Reis-Filho, Jorge S

2017-01-01

Acinic cell carcinoma is an indolent form of invasive breast cancer, whereas microglandular adenosis has been shown to be a neoplastic proliferation. Both entities display a triple-negative phenotype, and may give rise to and display somatic genomic alterations typical of high-grade triple-negative breast cancers. Here we report on a comparison of previously published data on eight carcinoma-associated microglandular adenosis and eight acinic cell carcinomas subjected to targeted massively parallel sequencing targeting all exons of 236 genes recurrently mutated in breast cancer and/or DNA repair-related. Somatic mutations, insertions/ deletions, and copy number alterations were detected using state-of-the-art bioinformatic algorithms. All cases were of triple-negative phenotype. A median of 4.5 (1-13) and 4.0 (1-7) non-synonymous somatic mutations per carcinoma-associated microglandular adenosis and acinic cell carcinoma were identified, respectively. TP53 was the sole highly recurrently mutated gene (75% in microglandular adenosis versus 88% in acinic cell carcinomas), and TP53 mutations were consistently coupled with loss of heterozygosity of the wild-type allele. Additional somatic mutations shared by both groups included those in BRCA1, PIK3CA, and INPP4B. Recurrent (n=2) somatic mutations restricted to microglandular adenosis or acinic cell carcinomas included those affecting PTEN and MED12 or ERBB4, respectively. No significant differences in the repertoire of somatic mutations were detected between microglandular adenosis and acinic cell carcinomas, and between this group of lesions and 77 triple-negative carcinomas from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Microglandular adenosis and acinic cell carcinomas, however, were genetically distinct from estrogen receptor-positive and/or HER2-positive breast cancers from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Our findings support the contention that microglandular adenosis and acinic cell carcinoma are part of the same spectrum of lesions harboring frequent TP53 somatic mutations, and likely represent low-grade forms of triple-negative disease with no/minimal metastatic potential, of which a subset has the potential to progress to high-grade triple-negative breast cancer.

Genetic Analysis of Microglandular Adenosis and Acinic Cell Carcinomas of the Breast Provides Evidence for the Existence of a Low-grade Triple-Negative Breast Neoplasia Family

PubMed Central

Geyer, Felipe C; Berman, Samuel H.; Marchiò, Caterina; Burke, Kathleen A; Guerini-Rocco, Elena; Piscuoglio, Salvatore; Ng, Charlotte K Y; Pareja, Fresia; Wen, Hannah Y; Hodi, Zoltan; Schnitt, Stuart J; Rakha, Emad A; Ellis, Ian O; Norton, Larry; Weigelt, Britta; Reis-Filho, Jorge S

2016-01-01

Acinic cell carcinoma is an indolent form of invasive breast cancer, whereas microglandular adenosis has been shown to be a neoplastic proliferation. Both entities display a triple-negative phenotype, and may give rise to and display somatic genomic alterations typical of high-grade triple-negative breast cancers. Here we report on a comparison of previously published data on eight carcinoma-associated microglandular adenosis and eight acinic cell carcinomas subjected to targeted massively parallel sequencing targeting all exons of 236 genes recurrently mutated in breast cancer and/or DNA repair-related. Somatic mutations, insertions/deletions and copy number alterations were detected using state-of-the-art bioinformatic algorithms. All cases were of triple-negative phenotype. A median of 4.5 (1–13) and 4.0 (1–7) non-synonymous somatic mutations per carcinoma-associated microglandular adenosis and acinic cell carcinoma were identified, respectively. TP53 was the sole highly recurrently mutated gene (75% in microglandular adenosis versus 88% in acinic cell carcinomas), and TP53 mutations were consistently coupled with loss of heterozygosity of the wild-type allele. Additional somatic mutations shared by both groups included those in BRCA1, PIK3CA and INPP4B. Recurrent (n=2) somatic mutations restricted to microglandular adenosis or acinic cell carcinomas included those affecting PTEN and MED12, or ERBB4, respectively. No significant differences in the repertoire of somatic mutations were detected between microglandular adenosis and acinic cell carcinomas, and between this group of lesions and 77 triple-negative carcinomas from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Microglandular adenosis and acinic cell carcinomas, however, were genetically distinct from estrogen receptor-positive and/or HER2-positive breast cancers from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Our findings support the contention that microglandular adenosis and acinic cell carcinoma are part of the same spectrum of lesions harboring frequent TP53 somatic mutations, and likely represent low-grade forms of triple-negative disease with no/minimal metastatic potential, of which a subset has the potential to progress to high-grade triple-negative breast cancer. PMID:27713419

Metaplastic carcinoma of the breast with mesenchymal differentiation (carcinosarcoma). A unique presentation of an aggressive malignancy and literature review.

PubMed

Salemis, Nikolaos S

2018-01-01

Metaplastic carcinoma of the breast with mesenchymal differentiation (MCMD), previously known as carcinosarcoma, is a very rare and aggressive tumor that has been recently classified as a subtype of metaplastic breast carcinoma. It accounts for 0.08%-0.2% of all breast cancers, with only a few cases reported in the literature. Histologically, MCMD is characterized by a biphasic pattern of malignant epithelial and sarcomatous components without evidence of a transition zone between the two elements. We herein describe a unique case of metaplastic carcinoma of the breast with chondrosarcomatous differentiation in a postmenopausal woman who presented with a large, rapidly growing, ulcerated, bleeding mass and signs of impending sepsis. Metaplastic breast carcinomas (MBC) are rare and aggressive tumors. They are characterized by larger size, lower rates of axillary node involvement, higher rates of triple negativity and distal metastases, earlier local recurrence and poorer survival compared with classic invasive breast cancer. Because of the rarity of MBC, the optimal treatment has not been well defined. Surgery is the main curative treatment modality since MBC has shown a suboptimal response to standard chemotherapy. Patients with MBC may be appropriate candidates for novel targeted therapies.

Glutathione S-transferase Pi expression in invasive breast cancer and its relation with the clinical outcome.

PubMed

Franco, R L; Schenka, N G M; Schenka, A A A; Rezende, L F; Gurgel, M S C

2012-01-01

Glutathione S-transferase (GST) is a cytosolic enzymatic system involved in cellular detoxifying process. In vitro studies have shown that the presence of this enzymatic system in breast carcinoma cells can accelerate the elimination of drugs commonly used in chemotherapy, thereby decreasing its efficacy. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between GST Pi expression by breast carcinoma cells and disease-free and overall survival. Ninety-five female patients with invasive breast carcinoma submitted to surgical treatment and adjuvant chemotherapy from January, 1995 to June, 1997 and followed until August, 2006 were evaluated. The expression of GST Pi in breast carcinoma cells, determined by immunohistochemistry, was correlated with several clinical and pathological parameters of prognostic significance. There were 36 (37.9%) GST Pi-positive cases. GST Pi immunoexpression was not significantly correlated with patient's age, histological tumor type, clinical stage, hormone receptor status and survival. On the other hand, GST Pi positivity showed a significant correlation with a lower histological grade/C-erb-B2 negative breast carcinoma phenotype. The findings suggest that GST Pi expression does not constitute a satisfactory prognostic factor in breast cancer.

Exclusion of a major role for the PTEN tumour-suppressor gene in breast carcinomas

PubMed Central

Freihoff, D; Kempe, A; Beste, B; Wappenschmidt, B; Kreyer, E; Hayashi, Y; Meindl, A; Krebs, D; Wiestler, O D; Deimling, A von; Schmutzler, R K

1999-01-01

PTEN is a novel tumour-suppressor gene located on chromosomal band 10q23.3. This region displays frequent loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in a variety of human neoplasms including breast carcinomas. The detection of PTEN mutations in Cowden disease and in breast carcinoma cell lines suggests that PTEN may be involved in mammary carcinogenesis. We here report a mutational analysis of tumour specimens from 103 primary breast carcinomas and constitutive DNA from 25 breast cancer families. The entire coding region of PTEN was screened by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis and direct sequencing using intron-based primers. No germline mutations could be identified in the breast cancer families and only one sporadic carcinoma carried a PTEN mutation at one allele. In addition, all sporadic tumours were analysed for homozygous deletions by differential polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and for allelic loss using the microsatellite markers D10S215, D10S564 and D10S573. No homozygous deletions were detected and only 10 out of 94 informative tumours showed allelic loss in the PTEN region. These results suggest that PTEN does not play a major role in breast cancer formation. 1999 Cancer Research Campaign PMID:10070865

An atypical cause of rapidly progressing breast lump with abscess formation: Pure squamous cell carcinoma of the breast.

PubMed

Cilekar, Murat; Erkasap, Serdar; Oner, Ulku; Akici, Murat; Ciftci, Evrim; Dizen, Hayrettin; Turel, Serkan; Kavak, Ozgu I; Yilmaz, Sezgin

2015-01-01

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a rare type of breast malignancy and little is known about long-term outcome. In the present report, the clinical features, histopathologic findings and postoperative course of a patient with squamous cell carcinoma are described. We have treated a 47-years-old woman who admitted for right breast mass without any discharge, bleeding and pain. The tumor was, 3 × 2 × 1.5 cm in size with central abscess formation. The result of surgical biopsy revealed large cell keratinizing type of SCC. The metastatic work-up studies ruled out any other probable sources of primary tumor. The patient was performed modified radical mastectomy and axillary dissection and received two cycles of chemotherapy. Squamous cell carcinoma of the breast (SCCB) is a rare entity and should be considered in patients with rapidly progressing breast mass. It should also be considered in breast lesions with abscess formation. The initial therapeutic approach should be surgical excision after histopathological diagnosis.

Potential Angiogenic Role of Platelet-Activating Factor in Human Breast Cancer

PubMed Central

Montrucchio, Giuseppe; Sapino, Anna; Bussolati, Benedetta; Ghisolfi, Gianpiero; Rizea-Savu, Simona; Silvestro, Luigi; Lupia, Enrico; Camussi, Giovanni

1998-01-01

This study investigated the presence of platelet-activating factor (PAF) in the lipid extracts of 18 primary breast carcinomas and 20 control breast tissues. The amount of PAF detected in breast carcinomas was significantly higher than in controls. The mass spectrometric analysis of PAF-bioactive lipid extract from breast carcinomas showed the presence of several molecular species of PAF, including C16-alkylPAF, C18-lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), C16-LPC, lyso-PAF, and C16-acylPAF. The amount of bioactive PAF extracted from breast specimens significantly correlated with tumor vascularization revealed by the number of CD34- and CD31-positive cells. As C16-alkylPAF was previously shown to induce angiogenesis in vivo, we evaluated whether the thin layer chromatography-purified lipid extracts of breast specimens elicited neoangiogenesis in a murine model of subcutaneous Matrigel injection. The lipid extracts from specimens of breast carcinoma containing high levels of PAF bioactivity, but not from breast carcinomas containing low levels of PAF bioactivity or from normal breast tissue, induced a significant angiogenic response. This angiogenic response was significantly inhibited by the PAF receptor antagonist WEB 2170. T47D and MCF7 breast cancer cell lines, but not an immortalized nontumor breast cell line (MCF10), released PAF in the culture medium. A significant in vivo neoangiogenic response, inhibited by WEB 2170, was elicited by T47D and MCF7 but not by MCF10 culture medium. These results indicate that an increased concentration of PAF is present in tumors with high microvessel density and that PAF may account for the neoangiogenic activity induced in mice by the lipid extracts obtained from breast cancer. A contribution of PAF in the neovascularization of human breast cancer is suggested. PMID:9811351

Recurrence of primary extramedullary plasmacytoma in breast both simulating primary breast carcinoma

PubMed Central

Kaviani, Ahmad; Djamali-zavareie, Mansoor; Noparast, Maryam; Keyhani-Rofagha, Sedigheh

2004-01-01

Background Extramedullary myelomas (plasmacytoma) are malignant proliferations of plasma cells in the absence of bone involvement. When they occur in the soft tissue they usually involve the upper respiratory tract and oral cavity. Extramedullary plasmacytomas of breast are uncommon. Case presentation A 70 year-old woman with bilateral breast masses underwent excisional biopsy for suspected primary carcinoma that subsequently proved to be a recurrence from extramedullary plasmacytoma of the mediastinum. This was diagnosed and treated 5-years prior to appearance of breast lumps. Conclusion Though uncommon, considering the possibility of metastatic carcinoma and primary, secondary or recurrent lymphoproliferative disease presenting as a breast mass may avoid unnecessary surgeries. PMID:15339332

Synchronous Detection of Male Breast Cancer and Prostatic Cancer in a Patient With Suspected Prostatic Carcinoma on 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT Imaging.

PubMed

Kumar, Rajender; Mittal, Bhagwant Rai; Bhattacharya, Anish; Singh, Harmandeep; Singh, Shrawan Kumar

2018-06-01

The male breast cancer is very less common as compared with the female breast cancer. We report a case of 64-year-old man who presented with the history of lower urinary tract symptoms. The digital rectal examination revealed hard and nodular prostate, and serum prostate-specific antigen level was 23.4 ng/mL. Ga-labeled prostate-specific membrane antigen PET/CT revealed prostate-specific membrane antigen-expressing lesions in the prostate, axillary tail of the right breast, and axillary lymph nodes. Histology from prostate revealed prostate carcinoma, whereas fine-needle aspiration from the breast revealed invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast.

Targeted Therapy Directed by Genetic Testing in Treating Patients With Advanced Refractory Solid Tumors, Lymphomas, or Multiple Myeloma (The MATCH Screening Trial)

ClinicalTrials.gov

2018-06-25

Advanced Malignant Solid Neoplasm; Bladder Carcinoma; Breast Carcinoma; Cervical Carcinoma; Colon Carcinoma; Colorectal Carcinoma; Endometrial Carcinoma; Esophageal Carcinoma; Gastric Carcinoma; Glioma; Head and Neck Carcinoma; Kidney Carcinoma; Liver and Intrahepatic Bile Duct Carcinoma; Lung Carcinoma; Lymphoma; Malignant Uterine Neoplasm; Melanoma; Ovarian Carcinoma; Pancreatic Carcinoma; Plasma Cell Myeloma; Prostate Carcinoma; Rectal Carcinoma; Recurrent Bladder Carcinoma; Recurrent Breast Carcinoma; Recurrent Cervical Carcinoma; Recurrent Colon Carcinoma; Recurrent Colorectal Carcinoma; Recurrent Esophageal Carcinoma; Recurrent Gastric Carcinoma; Recurrent Glioma; Recurrent Head and Neck Carcinoma; Recurrent Liver Carcinoma; Recurrent Lung Carcinoma; Recurrent Lymphoma; Recurrent Malignant Solid Neoplasm; Recurrent Melanoma; Recurrent Ovarian Carcinoma; Recurrent Pancreatic Carcinoma; Recurrent Plasma Cell Myeloma; Recurrent Prostate Carcinoma; Recurrent Rectal Carcinoma; Recurrent Skin Carcinoma; Recurrent Thyroid Gland Carcinoma; Recurrent Uterine Corpus Carcinoma; Refractory Lymphoma; Refractory Malignant Solid Neoplasm; Refractory Plasma Cell Myeloma; Skin Carcinoma; Thyroid Gland Carcinoma; Uterine Corpus Cancer

A case of metastatic lobular breast carcinoma with detection of the primary tumor after ten years.

PubMed

Kobayashi, Tetsuro; Adachi, Shiro; Matsuda, Yasuki; Tominaga, Syusei

2007-01-01

Lobular carcinoma of the breast is known to metastasize to unusual sites such as the gastrointestinal tract, peritoneum, and gynecologic organs. We report a patient with intraperitoneal metastases from lobular carcinoma who was originally treated for an unknown primary cancer. Ten years later, a tumor was found in her left breast and the diagnosis was changed to peritoneal metastases from invasive lobular carcinoma. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the metastases were high molecular weight cytokeratin (CK34betaE12) and estrogen receptor-positive, but were E-cadherin-negative. These results assisted in diagnosis. Surgeons should be aware of the characteristics of metastasis lobular carcinoma.

Pembrolizumab in Treating Patients With Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

ClinicalTrials.gov

2018-06-28

Estrogen Receptor Negative; HER2/Neu Negative; Invasive Breast Carcinoma; Progesterone Receptor Negative; Stage 0 Breast Cancer AJCC v6 and v7; Stage I Breast Cancer AJCC v7; Stage IA Breast Cancer AJCC v7; Stage IB Breast Cancer AJCC v7; Stage II Breast Cancer AJCC v6 and v7; Stage IIA Breast Cancer AJCC v6 and v7; Stage IIB Breast Cancer AJCC v6 and v7; Stage III Breast Cancer AJCC v7; Stage IIIA Breast Cancer AJCC v7; Stage IIIB Breast Cancer AJCC v7; Stage IIIC Breast Cancer AJCC v7; Triple-Negative Breast Carcinoma

Roles of SGK Isoform Signaling in Breast Cancer Migration and Invasion

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-04-01

significant number of overlapping substrates, and deregulation in breast carcinoma (5,6). To date, no studies have investigated any role for SGK in cell...isoforms in breast carcinoma cell lines (months 2-3) To insure specificity of SGK knockdown in breast cancer cell lines I made two different specific

7-Hydroxystaurosporine and Irinotecan Hydrochloride in Treating Patients With Metastatic or Unresectable Solid Tumors or Triple Negative Breast Cancer (Currently Accruing Only Triple-negative Breast Cancer Patients Since 6/8/2007)

ClinicalTrials.gov

2013-09-27

Advanced Adult Primary Liver Cancer; Carcinoma of the Appendix; Estrogen Receptor-negative Breast Cancer; Extensive Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor; HER2-negative Breast Cancer; Metastatic Gastrointestinal Carcinoid Tumor; Ovarian Sarcoma; Ovarian Stromal Cancer; Progesterone Receptor-negative Breast Cancer; Recurrent Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity; Recurrent Adult Primary Liver Cancer; Recurrent Anal Cancer; Recurrent Basal Cell Carcinoma of the Lip; Recurrent Borderline Ovarian Surface Epithelial-stromal Tumor; Recurrent Breast Cancer; Recurrent Cervical Cancer; Recurrent Colon Cancer; Recurrent Endometrial Carcinoma; Recurrent Esophageal Cancer; Recurrent Esthesioneuroblastoma of the Paranasal Sinus and Nasal Cavity; Recurrent Extrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer; Recurrent Gallbladder Cancer; Recurrent Gastric Cancer; Recurrent Gastrointestinal Carcinoid Tumor; Recurrent Inverted Papilloma of the Paranasal Sinus and Nasal Cavity; Recurrent Lymphoepithelioma of the Nasopharynx; Recurrent Lymphoepithelioma of the Oropharynx; Recurrent Metastatic Squamous Neck Cancer With Occult Primary; Recurrent Midline Lethal Granuloma of the Paranasal Sinus and Nasal Cavity; Recurrent Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity; Recurrent Non-small Cell Lung Cancer; Recurrent Ovarian Epithelial Cancer; Recurrent Ovarian Germ Cell Tumor; Recurrent Pancreatic Cancer; Recurrent Prostate Cancer; Recurrent Rectal Cancer; Recurrent Salivary Gland Cancer; Recurrent Small Cell Lung Cancer; Recurrent Small Intestine Cancer; Recurrent Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Hypopharynx; Recurrent Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Larynx; Recurrent Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lip and Oral Cavity; Recurrent Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Nasopharynx; Recurrent Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oropharynx; Recurrent Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Paranasal Sinus and Nasal Cavity; Recurrent Verrucous Carcinoma of the Larynx; Recurrent Verrucous Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity; Small Intestine Adenocarcinoma; Small Intestine Leiomyosarcoma; Small Intestine Lymphoma; Stage IV Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity; Stage IV Anal Cancer; Stage IV Basal Cell Carcinoma of the Lip; Stage IV Borderline Ovarian Surface Epithelial-stromal Tumor; Stage IV Breast Cancer; Stage IV Colon Cancer; Stage IV Endometrial Carcinoma; Stage IV Esophageal Cancer; Stage IV Esthesioneuroblastoma of the Paranasal Sinus and Nasal Cavity; Stage IV Gastric Cancer; Stage IV Inverted Papilloma of the Paranasal Sinus and Nasal Cavity; Stage IV Lymphoepithelioma of the Nasopharynx; Stage IV Lymphoepithelioma of the Oropharynx; Stage IV Midline Lethal Granuloma of the Paranasal Sinus and Nasal Cavity; Stage IV Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity; Stage IV Non-small Cell Lung Cancer; Stage IV Ovarian Epithelial Cancer; Stage IV Ovarian Germ Cell Tumor; Stage IV Pancreatic Cancer; Stage IV Prostate Cancer; Stage IV Rectal Cancer; Stage IV Salivary Gland Cancer; Stage IV Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Hypopharynx; Stage IV Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Larynx; Stage IV Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lip and Oral Cavity; Stage IV Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Nasopharynx; Stage IV Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oropharynx; Stage IV Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Paranasal Sinus and Nasal Cavity; Stage IV Verrucous Carcinoma of the Larynx; Stage IV Verrucous Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity; Stage IVA Cervical Cancer; Stage IVB Cervical Cancer; Triple-negative Breast Cancer; Unresectable Extrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer; Unresectable Gallbladder Cancer; Unspecified Adult Solid Tumor, Protocol Specific; Untreated Metastatic Squamous Neck Cancer With Occult Primary

Prostaglandins and prognosis in human breast cancer.

PubMed Central

Watson, D. M.; Kelly, R. W.; Miller, W. R.

1987-01-01

Prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha (PGE2 and PGF2 alpha) were measured by gas liquid chromatography--mass spectrometry (glc-ms) in extracts of primary tumours from 78 patients with early breast cancer. These levels have been related to factors of established prognostic value and the patients disease-free interval. Although there was a wide variation in amounts of both prostaglandins extracted from different tumours, no significant relationship was observed between levels of prostaglandins and oestrogen receptors (ER), tumour size, presence of lymph node involvement and disease-free interval following primary treatment. It therefore seems unlikely that the level of these particular prostaglandins within breast carcinomas plays a fundamental role in the prognosis of the disease. PMID:3478073

[Is radiotherapy of the lymph node stages useful after the conservative treatment of the initial stage of breast carcinoma?].

PubMed

Gava, A; Coghetto, F

1989-05-01

Twenty-four lectures were reviewed of the XXXIII SIRMN National Congress (Rome, October 1988) on the conservative radiosurgical treatment of breast cancer. A whole of 3462 cases were divided into 2 groups: group A--2824 patients who underwent targeted radiotherapy after conservative surgery (mostly quadrantectomy)--and group B--638 patients where, in case of N+ and internal quadrant tumors, irradiation was extended to lymph nodes. No significant differences were demonstrated between group A and group B as far as loco-regional relapses were concerned. Thus, no significant advantage seems to be yielded by lymph node irradiation in the early treatment of breast cancer.

[Synchronous bilateral breast cancer in a male].

PubMed

García-Mejido, José Antonio; Delgado-Jiménez, Carmen; Gutiérrez-Palomino, Laura; Sánchez-Sevilla, Miguel; Iglesias-Bravo, Eva; Caballero-Fernández, Virginia

2013-01-01

male breast cancer is a disease with low incidence, which is further reduced when it comes to bilateral synchronous presentation. There are few published cases in recent years. The aim is to establish guidelines for the management of this disorder that is so rare. a 75-year-old with tumors in both breasts, which were completely resected with removal of palpable nodes. The histopathological study reported ductal carcinoma. The indicated treatment was adjuvant tamoxifen and radiotherapy. The patient is currently in a disease-free period. this is a rare disease, whose main treatment is surgery, hence the importance of early diagnosis. Most cases require adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy because they are usually diagnosed at an advanced stage.

PIP breast implants: rupture rate and correlation with breast cancer

PubMed Central

MOSCHETTA, M.; TELEGRAFO, M.; CORNACCHIA, I.; VINCENTI, L.; RANIERI, V.; CIRILLI, A.; RELLA, L.; IANORA, A.A. STABILE; ANGELELLI, G.

2014-01-01

Aim To evaluate the incidence of Poly Implant Prosthése (PIP) rupture as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the prevalence of the detected signs and the potential correlation with breast carcinoma. Patients and methods 67 patients with silicone breast implants and clinical indications for breast MRI were evaluated for a total of 125 implants: 40 (32%) PIP in 21 patients and 85 non-PIP in 46 patients (68%), the latest considered as control group. A 1.5-T MR imaging device was used in order to assess implant integrity with dedicated sequences and in 6 cases a dynamic study was performed for characterizing breast lesions. Two radiologists with more than 5 years’ experience in the field of MRI evaluated in consensus all MR images searching for the presence of clear signs of intra or extra-capsular implant rupture. Results 20/40 (50%) PIP implants presented signs of intra-capsular rupture: linguine sign in 20 cases (100%), tear-drop sign in 6 (30%). In 12/20 cases (60%), MRI signs of extra-capsular rupture were detected. In the control group, an intra-capsular rupture was diagnosed in 12/85 cases (14%) associated with extra-capsular one in 5/12 cases (42%). Among the six cases with suspected breast lesions, in 2/21 patients with PIP implants (10%) a breast carcinoma was diagnosed (mucinous carcinoma, n=1; invasive ductal carcinoma, n=1). In 4/46 patients (9%) with non-PIP implants, an invasive ductal carcinoma was diagnosed. Conclusion The rupture rate of PIP breast implants is significantly higher than non-PIP (50% vs 14%). MRI represents the most accurate imaging tool for evaluating breast prostheses and the linguine sign is the most common MRI sign to be searched. The incidence of breast carcinoma does not significantly differ between the PIP and non-PIP implants and a direct correlation with breast cancer can not been demonstrated. PMID:25644728

PIP breast implants: rupture rate and correlation with breast cancer.

PubMed

Moschetta, M; Telegrafo, M; Cornacchia, I; Vincenti, L; Ranieri, V; Cirili, A; Rella, L; Stabile Ianora, A A; Angelelli, G

2014-01-01

To evaluate the incidence of Poly Implant Prosthése (PIP) rupture as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the prevalence of the detected signs and the potential correlation with breast carcinoma. 67 patients with silicone breast implants and clinical indications for breast MRI were evaluated for a total of 125 implants: 40 (32%) PIP in 21 patients and 85 non-PIP in 46 patients (68%), the latest considered as control group. A 1.5-T MR imaging device was used in order to assess implant integrity with dedicated sequences and in 6 cases a dynamic study was performed for characterizing breast lesions. Two radiologists with more than 5 years' experience in the field of MRI evaluated in consensus all MR images searching for the presence of clear signs of intra or extra-capsular implant rupture. 20/40 (50%) PIP implants presented signs of intra-capsular rupture: linguine sign in 20 cases (100%), tear-drop sign in 6 (30%). In 12/20 cases (60%), MRI signs of extra-capsular rupture were detected. In the control group, an intra-capsular rupture was diagnosed in 12/85 cases (14%) associated with extra-capsular one in 5/12 cases (42%). Among the six cases with suspected breast lesions, in 2/21 patients with PIP implants (10%) a breast carcinoma was diagnosed (mucinous carcinoma, n=1; invasive ductal carcinoma, n=1). In 4/46 patients (9%) with non-PIP implants, an invasive ductal carcinoma was diagnosed. The rupture rate of PIP breast implants is significantly higher than non-PIP (50% vs 14%). MRI represents the most accurate imaging tool for evaluating breast prostheses and the linguine sign is the most common MRI sign to be searched. The incidence of breast carcinoma does not significantly differ between the PIP and non-PIP implants and a direct correlation with breast cancer can not been demonstrated.

Targeting mrtl to Reverse Myc in Breast Oncogenesis

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-06-01

overlying skin , perineural invasion, lymphovascular invasion, 1/14 lymph nodes positive metastatic carcinoma with extranodal extension, 2.5 cm pT4b...successfully acquired an additional 8 primary invasive breast carcinoma specimens, 1 metastatic lesion of breast tumor origin, 3 adjacent uninvolved...Her2-neu-positive, lobular features, 21 cm, modified Bloom-Richardson grade III/III, ypT3; N2. metastatic carcinoma involving 4/11 lymph nodes

Epigenetic Regulation of miRNAs and Breast Cancer Stem Cells

PubMed Central

Duru, Nadire; Gernapudi, Ramkishore; Eades, Gabriel; Eckert, Richard; Zhou, Qun

2015-01-01

MicroRNAs have emerged as important targets of chemopreventive strategies in breast cancer. We have found that miRNAs are dysregulated at an early stage in breast cancer, in non-malignant Ductal Carcinoma In Situ. Many dietary chemoprevention agents can act by epigenetically activating miRNA-signaling pathways involved in tumor cell proliferation and invasive progression. In addition, many miRNAs activated via chemopreventive strategies target cancer stem cell signaling and prevent tumor progression or relapse. Specifically, we have found that miRNAs regulate DCIS stem cells, which may play important roles in breast cancer progression to invasive disease. We have shown that chemopreventive agents can directly inhibit DCIS stem cells and block tumor formation in vivo, via activation of tumor suppressor miRNAs. PMID:26052481

Proteomic analysis of tissue samples in translational breast cancer research.

PubMed

Gromov, Pavel; Moreira, José M A; Gromova, Irina

2014-06-01

In the last decade, many proteomic technologies have been applied, with varying success, to the study of tissue samples of breast carcinoma for protein expression profiling in order to discover protein biomarkers/signatures suitable for: characterization and subtyping of tumors; early diagnosis, and both prognosis and prediction of outcome of chemotherapy. The purpose of this review is to critically appraise what has been achieved to date using proteomic technologies and to bring forward novel strategies - based on the analysis of clinically relevant samples - that promise to accelerate the translation of basic discoveries into the daily breast cancer clinical practice. In particular, we address major issues in experimental design by reviewing the strengths and weaknesses of current proteomic strategies in the context of the analysis of human breast tissue specimens.

[Gene expression of H-FABP and FAS and its clinicopathological significance in breast infiltrating ductal carcinoma].

PubMed

Li, Hua; Lü, Qing; Xue, Hui; Dong, Li-hua; Yang, Hui-jun

2008-07-01

To detect the expression of Heart or Muscle Fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) in human breast cancer cells. The expression levels of FAS and H-FABP in 81 ductal infiltrating carcinoma (DIC) were detected by RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. The possible associations of the expression of the two proteins with major clinicopathological factors were analyzed. The expression of both H-FABP and FAS increased in DIC cells than in adjacent normal cells. But less H-FABP and FAS were found in grade III DIC than in grade I and grade II DIC (P < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between the expression of H-FABP and FAS. No correlations between the expressions of two genes with other clinicopathological factors were found. The higher expression of H-FABP in grade I and II DIC suggests an early increased response to the over-expression of FAS. The parallel increase of H-FABP and FAS expressions marks increased breast cancer risk.

Angiogenesis in the Progression of Breast Ductal Proliferations

PubMed Central

Carpenter, Philip M.; Chen, Wen-Pin; Mendez, Aaron; McLaren, Christine E.; Su, Min-Ying

2013-01-01

Angiogenesis, the formation of blood vessels, is necessary for a tumor to grow, but when angiogenesis first appears in the progression of breast ductal carcinomas is unknown. To determine when this occurs, the authors examined microvessel density (MVD) by CD31 and CD105 immunostaining in normal ducts, 32 cases of usual hyperplasia, 19 cases of atypical hyperplasia, and 29 cases of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Simple hyperplasia had a 22-fold greater MVD than normal ducts (P < .0001). An increase during the progression of ductal changes was highly significant (P < .0001). To determine a possible mechanism, immunohistochemistry for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was evaluated. VEGF staining intensity of ductal epithelium increased during the progression from normal to hyperplastic to DCIS. This study shows that the first significant increase in angiogenesis occurs very early in the evolution of ductal proliferations as ductal cells become hyperplastic. PMID:19403546

Romidepsin in Treating Patients With Lymphoma, Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, or Solid Tumors With Liver Dysfunction

ClinicalTrials.gov

2018-04-02

Glioma; Lymphoma; Metastatic Malignant Solid Neoplasm; Neuroendocrine Neoplasm; Recurrent Adult Soft Tissue Sarcoma; Recurrent Bladder Carcinoma; Recurrent Breast Carcinoma; Recurrent Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia; Recurrent Colorectal Carcinoma; Recurrent Head and Neck Carcinoma; Recurrent Lung Carcinoma; Recurrent Malignant Solid Neoplasm; Recurrent Melanoma; Recurrent Pancreatic Carcinoma; Recurrent Primary Cutaneous T-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma; Recurrent Prostate Carcinoma; Recurrent Renal Cell Carcinoma; Recurrent Thyroid Gland Carcinoma; Refractory Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia; Refractory Mature T-Cell and NK-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma; Refractory Primary Cutaneous T-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma; Stage III Breast Cancer AJCC v7; Stage III Colorectal Cancer AJCC v7; Stage III Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v7; Stage III Lung Cancer AJCC v7; Stage III Pancreatic Cancer AJCC v6 and v7; Stage III Prostate Cancer AJCC v7; Stage III Renal Cell Cancer AJCC v7; Stage III Soft Tissue Sarcoma AJCC v7; Stage IIIA Breast Cancer AJCC v7; Stage IIIA Colorectal Cancer AJCC v7; Stage IIIA Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v7; Stage IIIB Breast Cancer AJCC v7; Stage IIIB Colorectal Cancer AJCC v7; Stage IIIB Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v7; Stage IIIC Breast Cancer AJCC v7; Stage IIIC Colorectal Cancer AJCC v7; Stage IIIC Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v7; Stage IV Breast Cancer AJCC v6 and v7; Stage IV Colorectal Cancer AJCC v7; Stage IV Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v6 and v7; Stage IV Lung Cancer AJCC v7; Stage IV Pancreatic Cancer AJCC v6 and v7; Stage IV Prostate Cancer AJCC v7; Stage IV Renal Cell Cancer AJCC v7; Stage IV Soft Tissue Sarcoma AJCC v7; Stage IVA Colorectal Cancer AJCC v7; Stage IVB Colorectal Cancer AJCC v7; Unresectable Solid Neoplasm

Development of ipsilateral chest wall spindle cell carcinoma in a patient with invasive ductal breast carcinoma during postoperative adjuvant therapy: A case report.

PubMed

Li, Kaifu; Kang, Hua; Wang, Yajun; Hai, Tao; Wang, Bixiao

2018-05-01

Metaplastic breast carcinoma (MBC) is rare subtype of breast carcinoma and is regarded as ductal carcinoma that undergoes metaplasia into a glandular growth pattern. Spindle cell carcinoma (SPC) is a subtype of MBC with a predominant spindle cell component. The patient was a 52-year-old female with invasive ductal breast carcinoma who underwent a modified radical mastectomy and an axillary node dissection. A new lump was observed underneath the surgical site between the pectoralis major and pectoralis minor muscles 45 days after the patient underwent sequential postoperative chemotherapy and radiotherapy. It was speculated that the new lesion had developed during postoperative adjuvant therapy. And the new lesion was regarded as a recurrence. We performed a wide dissection of the tumor with negative margins. The pathology of the tumor indicated SPC. Then, the patient received chemotherapy and demonstrated a poor response. Local recurrence and pulmonary metastasis developed shortly afterwards, and the patient succumbed to the disease within 5 months. Local recurrence with metaplastic SPC transformed from invasive ductal breast carcinoma during postoperative chemotherapy and radiotherapy is rare. The failure of subsequent chemotherapy and the progression of disease indicate the aggressive nature of SPC and its decreased sensitivity to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Further studies must be performed to improve the prognosis of these patients.

ZEB1 expression is correlated with tumor metastasis and reduced prognosis of breast carcinoma in Asian patients.

PubMed

Xiang, Shuai; Liu, Ya-Min; Chen, Xu; Wang, Ya-Wen; Ma, Ran-Ran; Wu, Xiao-Juan; Gao, Peng

2015-07-01

Tumor metastasis is one of the key events leading to tumor relapse and poor prognosis. Nowadays, increasing evidences demonstrated that ZEB1 was implicated in human carcinogenesis. However, involvement of ZEB1 deregulation in tumorigenesis in Asian patients with breast carcinoma remains elusive. The present study included 102 Asian patients with breast carcinoma treated by surgery from January of 2005 to December of 2006, and the expression of ZEB1 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. To further assess the prognostic value of ZEB1, Kaplan-Meier curves were constructed. In this study, elevated levels of ZEB1 expression was found in carcinomas with higher aggressive potential. We also correlated expression of ZEB1 with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.021), advanced clinical stage (P = 0.012) in all cases, and high tumor grade (P = 0.047) in invasive ductal carcinoma. Furthermore, our data suggested an elevated level of Ki-67 expression in cases with positive expression of ZEB1. Clinically, reduced overall survival and disease-free survival were observed in cases with positive ZEB1 expression than that in negative cases. Our results correlated ZEB1 with aggressive potentials of breast carcinoma and revealed a possibility for ZEB1 as a prognostic marker in breast carcinoma.

Overexpression of SERBP1 (Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 RNA binding protein) in human breast cancer is correlated with favourable prognosis.

PubMed

Serce, Nuran Bektas; Boesl, Andreas; Klaman, Irina; von Serényi, Sonja; Noetzel, Erik; Press, Michael F; Dimmler, Arno; Hartmann, Arndt; Sehouli, Jalid; Knuechel, Ruth; Beckmann, Matthias W; Fasching, Peter A; Dahl, Edgar

2012-12-13

Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) overexpression is an important prognostic and predictive biomarker in human breast cancer. SERBP1, a protein that is supposed to regulate the stability of PAI-1 mRNA, may play a role in gynaecological cancers as well, since upregulation of SERBP1 was described in ovarian cancer recently. This is the first study to present a systematic characterisation of SERBP1 expression in human breast cancer and normal breast tissue at both the mRNA and the protein level. Using semiquantitative realtime PCR we analysed SERBP1 expression in different normal human tissues (n = 25), and in matched pairs of normal (n = 7) and cancerous breast tissues (n = 7). SERBP1 protein expression was analysed in two independent cohorts on tissue microarrays (TMAs), an initial evaluation set, consisting of 193 breast carcinomas and 48 normal breast tissues, and a second large validation set, consisting of 605 breast carcinomas. In addition, a collection of benign (n = 2) and malignant (n = 6) mammary cell lines as well as breast carcinoma lysates (n = 16) were investigated for SERBP1 expression by Western blot analysis. Furthermore, applying non-radioisotopic in situ hybridisation a subset of normal (n = 10) and cancerous (n = 10) breast tissue specimens from the initial TMA were analysed for SERBP1 mRNA expression. SERBP1 is not differentially expressed in breast carcinoma compared to normal breast tissue, both at the RNA and protein level. However, recurrence-free survival analysis showed a significant correlation (P = 0.008) between abundant SERBP1 expression in breast carcinoma and favourable prognosis. Interestingly, overall survival analysis also displayed a tendency (P = 0.09) towards favourable prognosis when SERBP1 was overexpressed in breast cancer. The RNA-binding protein SERBP1 is abundantly expressed in human breast cancer and may represent a novel breast tumour marker with prognostic significance. Its potential involvement in the plasminogen activator protease cascade warrants further investigation.

Lymphoepithelioma-Like Carcinoma of the Breast Mimicking Granulomatous Mastitis- Case Report and Review of the Literature

PubMed

Abouelfad, Dalia M; Yassen, Noha N; Amin, Hebat Allah A; Shabana, Marwa E

2017-07-27

Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC) of the breast is an exceedingly rare variant of mammary cancer. To our knowledge, only twenty - one cases have been reported in the literature. Diagnosis of this type of mammary carcinoma may be challenging, owing to its rarity and the histopathological similarity to common inflammatory and malignant lesions of the breast mainly granulomatous mastitis, medullary carcinoma, pleomorphic lobular carcinoma, lymphoma and other hematological malignancies. Our case is the 22nd case of lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma reported in the breast, presenting with a palpable tender mass in a post-menopausal female. Her clinical picture had been mistaken for inflammatory disease. We present our case, with its detailed clinical history, radiological findings, histopathological and immune-histochemical findings along with a review of the literature. Highlighting this type of tumors may help in appropriate diagnosis. Moreover, studying the behavior of these rare neoplasms is essential to expedite treatment for this tumor type. Creative Commons Attribution License

Immunohistochemical differentiation of atypical hyperplasia vs. carcinoma in situ of the breast.

PubMed

Masood, S; Sim, S J; Lu, L

1992-01-01

The distinction between atypical hyperplasia and carcinoma in situ in breast lesions can be difficult. The identification of myoepithelial cell layers may be helpful in establishing a diagnosis of proliferative breast disease vs. intraepithelial neoplasia. We reviewed pathologic material on 20 cases of atypical hyperplasia and 29 cases of carcinoma in situ. Immunohistochemical stains were employed against muscle-specific actin, S-100 protein, and cytokeratin to identify myoepithelial cells and to recognize different staining patterns. In atypical hyperplasia, muscle-specific actin staining identified myoepithelial cells in fine branching fibrovascular layers or as scattered cells between other proliferating cells. This pattern was absent in carcinoma in situ. S-100 protein showed more positive staining in atypical hyperplasia than in carcinoma in situ with patterns distinct from muscle-specific actin. Immunostaining for cytokeratin demonstrated distinctly different patterns between the two lesions. This study suggests that muscle-specific actin, S-100 protein, and cytokeratin in combination may assist in distinguishing proliferative breast disease with atypia from carcinoma in situ.

Value of Additional Digital Breast Tomosynthesis for Preoperative Staging of Breast Cancer in Dense Breasts.

PubMed

Krammer, Julia; Stepniewski, Kathrin; Kaiser, Clemens G; Brade, Joachim; Riffel, Philipp; Schoenberg, Stefan O; Wasser, Klaus

2017-09-01

This retrospective study was initiated to determine the diagnostic value of additional preoperative breast tomosynthesis (DBT) for breast cancer staging in dense breasts. Sixty-six patients (69 breasts) with findings of American College of Radiology category 3 or 4 with Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System 5, 6 or 0 were included. All patients underwent digital mammography and additional DBT. A total of 40/69 (58%) cancers were detected on both mammography and DBT, 23 (33.3%) were only seen on DBT (p=0.0001); 6/69 (8.7%) carcinomas were not detected by either method, of which three were invasive lobular carcinomas. Sensitivity for multifocal/multicentric disease was significantly higher on DBT (12/19, 63.2%) compared to mammography (4/19, 21.1%) (p=0.02), specificity was comparable (96.0% vs. 90.0%). Multifocal/multicentric disease was not detected on mammography nor DBT in 7/19 (36.8%) patients, including three invasive lobular carcinomas. DBT may significantly improve preoperative breast cancer staging in patients with dense breasts compared to conventional mammography alone. Nevertheless, limitations have to be expected in the case of invasive lobular carcinoma. Copyright© 2017, International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. George J. Delinasios), All rights reserved.

Ductal Breast Carcinoma Metastatic to the Stomach Resembling Primary Linitis Plastica in a Male Patient.

PubMed

Ricciuti, Biagio; Leonardi, Giulia Costanza; Ravaioli, Noemi; De Giglio, Andrea; Brambilla, Marta; Prosperi, Enrico; Ribacchi, Franca; Meacci, Marialuisa; Crinò, Lucio; Maiettini, Daniele; Chiari, Rita; Metro, Giulio

2016-09-01

Breast cancer metastases to the gastrointestinal tract are very rare occurrences. Among the histological subtypes of breast cancer, invasive lobular carcinomas have a high capacity of metastasis to uncommon sites including the stomach. Conversely, there has not been sufficient evidence supporting the gastric metastasis of invasive ductal carcinoma. Herein, we report a unique case of metastatic ductal breast carcinoma mimicking primary linitis plastica in a male patient, particularly focusing on the clinical and pathological features of presentation. Moreover, we propose a immunohistochemical panel of selected antibodies including those for cytokeratin 20, cytokeratin 7, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, E-cadherin, gross cystic disease fluid protein 15, and GATA binding protein 3 for an accurate differential diagnosis.

Breast carcinoma during pregnancy. International recommendations from an expert meeting.

PubMed

Loibl, Sibylle; von Minckwitz, Gunter; Gwyn, Karin; Ellis, Paul; Blohmer, Jens U; Schlegelberger, Brigitte; Keller, Monika; Harder, Sebastian; Theriault, Richard L; Crivellari, Diana; Klingebiel, Thomas; Louwen, Frank; Kaufmann, Manfred

2006-01-15

Breast carcinoma during pregnancy (BCP) is a difficult clinical situation, as it appears to put the health of the mother in conflict with that of the fetus. An international expert meeting was conducted to form guidelines on how to diagnose and treat women with BCP. The goal for treatment of the pregnant woman with breast carcinoma is the same as that of the nonpregnant breast carcinoma patient: local control of disease and prevention of systemic metastases. However, certain treatment modalities need to be modified because of the potential for adverse effects on the fetus. There is evidence to support the safety of anthracycline-based chemotherapy during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy (Oxford Level of Evidence [LOE] 2b). Because of the lack of evidence, the expert opinion was not to recommend the routine use of newer cytotoxic drugs like the taxanes during pregnancy (LOE 5). The recommendations provided should help to reach informed decision making by the patient. The ongoing prospective collection of data on BCP, such as that at the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (UTMDACC) and that of the German Breast Group/Breast International Group (GBG/BIG), is necessary to further our knowledge regarding the treatment of this unique group of breast carcinoma patients.

Predictors of axillary lymph node metastases in women with early breast cancer in Singapore.

PubMed

Tan, L G L; Tan, Y Y; Heng, D; Chan, M Y

2005-12-01

The presence of axillary lymph node metastases is an important prognostic factor in breast cancer. Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is an emerging method for the staging of the axilla. It is hoped that with SLNB, the morbidity from axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) can be avoided without compromising the staging and management of early breast cancer. However, only patients found to be SLNB negative benefit from this procedure, as those with positive SLNB may still require ALND. Our objective is to study the various clinico-pathological factors to find predictive factors for axillary lymph node involvement in early breast cancer. It is hoped that with these factors, we will be better able to identify groups of patients most likely to benefit from SLNB. A retrospective study of 380 early breast cancer cases (stage T1 and T2, N0, N1, M0) in women treated in the Department of General Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, between January 1999 and August 2002, was conducted. Incidence of nodal metastases was correlated with clinico-pathological factors, and analysed by univariate and multivariate analyses. Approximately 35 percent of the 380 cases of early breast cancer had nodal metastases. Multivariate analyses revealed four independent predictors of node positivity: tumour size (p-value equals 0.0001), presence of lymphovascular invasion (p-value is less than 0.0001), tumours with histology other than invasive ductal or lobular carcinoma (p-value equals 0.04), and presence of progesterone receptors (p-value equals 0.05). We have found independent preoperative predictive factors in our local population for the presence of nodal metastases. This information can aid patient selection for SLNB and improve patient counselling.

Breast and splenic metastases of squamous cell carcinoma from the uterine cervix: a case report.

PubMed

Aitelhaj, Meryem; Khoyaali, Siham L; Boukir, Anouar; Elkabous, Mustapha; Abahssain, Halima; Mrabti, Hind; El Khannoussi, Basma; Errihani, Hassan

2014-11-04

Metastases to the breast from extramammary malignancies are infrequent, the most common primary sites are malignant melanoma, leukemia, lymphoma, and cancer of the lung, stomach, prostate and ovary. The cervical origin is exceptional. Splenic metastasis from squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix is also rare. To the best of our knowledge, only three cases of isolated splenic metastasis have been reported in the literature. We describe the case of a 55-year-old North African woman who presented with a nodule in her left breast eight months after treatment for stage IIB squamous cell uterine cervical carcinoma. The excisional biopsy with histological study demonstrated a poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. A computed tomography scan revealed a splenic secondary location. We report here a case of two unusual metastatic sites of uterine cervical carcinoma, the breast and spleen. It is the first case of this association without widespread disease.

Characteristics of metastasis in the breast from extramammary malignancies.

PubMed

Lee, Se Kyung; Kim, Wan Wook; Kim, Sung Hoon; Hur, Sung Mo; Kim, Sangmin; Choi, Jae Hyuck; Cho, Eun Yoon; Han, Soo Yeon; Hahn, Boo-Kyung; Choe, Jun-Ho; Kim, Jung-Han; Kim, Jee Soo; Lee, Jeong Eon; Nam, Seok Jin; Yang, Jung-Hyun

2010-02-01

Breast metastasis from extramammary neoplasm is rare. We present the cases of metastasis to the breast after review of results in one institute and we want to show the difference of previous report. The surgical and pathology databases of Samsung Medical Center from November 1994 to March 2009 were investigated to identify all patients with a diagnosis of metastasis to the breast. Thirty-three patients with breast metastases from extramammary neoplasm were studied. Gastric carcinoma was most common metastatic origin in this study. There were four cases with microcalcifications in their metastatic lesions. This is the first report of microcalcification of metastatic lesions to the breast from hepatocellular carcinoma and gastric cancer. Pathologic examination and considering known clinical history may be helpful to differentiate the primary breast cancer and metastatic cancer. Metastasis to the breast from an extramammary neoplasm usually indicates disseminated metastatic disease and a poor prognosis. An accurate diagnosis of breast metastases, differentiating primary from metastatic breast carcinoma, is important for proper management.

Vaccine Therapy With or Without Sargramostim in Treating Patients With Advanced or Metastatic Cancer

ClinicalTrials.gov

2013-01-24

Adenocarcinoma of the Colon; Adenocarcinoma of the Gallbladder; Adenocarcinoma of the Pancreas; Adenocarcinoma of the Rectum; Adult Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma; Advanced Adult Primary Liver Cancer; Cholangiocarcinoma of the Gallbladder; Diffuse Adenocarcinoma of the Stomach; Intestinal Adenocarcinoma of the Stomach; Male Breast Cancer; Mixed Adenocarcinoma of the Stomach; Ovarian Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma; Paget Disease of the Breast With Intraductal Carcinoma; Paget Disease of the Breast With Invasive Ductal Carcinoma; Recurrent Adult Primary Liver Cancer; Recurrent Breast Cancer; Recurrent Colon Cancer; Recurrent Gallbladder Cancer; Recurrent Gastric Cancer; Recurrent Malignant Testicular Germ Cell Tumor; Recurrent Pancreatic Cancer; Recurrent Rectal Cancer; Recurrent Salivary Gland Cancer; Salivary Gland Adenocarcinoma; Stage II Malignant Testicular Germ Cell Tumor; Stage II Pancreatic Cancer; Stage III Colon Cancer; Stage III Gastric Cancer; Stage III Malignant Testicular Germ Cell Tumor; Stage III Pancreatic Cancer; Stage III Rectal Cancer; Stage III Salivary Gland Cancer; Stage IIIA Breast Cancer; Stage IIIB Breast Cancer; Stage IV Breast Cancer; Stage IV Colon Cancer; Stage IV Gastric Cancer; Stage IV Pancreatic Cancer; Stage IV Rectal Cancer; Stage IV Salivary Gland Cancer; Thyroid Gland Medullary Carcinoma; Unresectable Gallbladder Cancer

Mucinous breast carcinoma with myoepithelial-like spindle cells.

PubMed

Miyake, Yasuyuki; Hirokawa, Mitsuyoshi; Norimatsu, Yoshiaki; Kanahara, Takuo; Monobe, Yasumasa; Ohno, Setsuyo; Miyamoto, Tomoyuki; Yakushiji, Hiromasa; Sakaguchi, Takuya; Aratake, Yatsuki; Ohno, Eiji

2009-06-01

Appearance of spindle cells has been believed as a benign index of breast cytology. But, we have frequently observed the spindle cells in smears from mucinous carcinoma of the breast. Here, we characterized the biochemical nature of the spindle cells, so as to clarify their identity in cytology. Nineteen cases of breast mucinous carcinoma were used for cytological examination. The spindle cells were located at edges of tumor cell nests and in the backgrounds of cytological specimens. Immunohistological examination revealed that the spindle cells exhibited both immunoreactivity against carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA). Immunoreactivity against vimentin, cytokeratin, or alpha-smooth muscle actin was, however, not observed. The mode of distribution of biochemical markers suggests that the positive cells for anti-CEA antibody and anti-EMA antibody are tumor cells compressed by mucin, while the vimentin-positive cells are fibroblasts. We assert that the presence of spindle cells can be a characteristic feature of mucinous carcinoma of the breast. Discrimination of the spindle cells in mucinous carcinoma from myoepithelial cells and naked bipolar nuclei in benign lesions was established here. It should facilitate precise diagnosis of breast cancer. (c) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Detection and Characterization of Carcinoma Cells in the Blood

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Racila, Emilian; Euhus, David; Weiss, Arthur J.; Rao, Chandra; McConnell, John; Terstappen, Leon W. M. M.; Uhr, Jonathan W.

1998-04-01

A highly sensitive assay combining immunomagnetic enrichment with multiparameter flow cytometric and immunocytochemical analysis has been developed to detect, enumerate, and characterize carcinoma cells in the blood. The assay can detect one epithelial cell or less in 1 ml of blood. Peripheral blood (10-20 ml) from 30 patients with carcinoma of the breast, from 3 patients with prostate cancer, and from 13 controls was examined by flow cytometry for the presence of circulating epithelial cells defined as nucleic acid+, CD45-, and cytokeratin+. Highly significant differences in the number of circulating epithelial cells were found between normal controls and patients with cancer including 17 with organ-confined disease. To determine whether the circulating epithelial cells in the cancer patients were neoplastic cells, cytospin preparations were made after immunomagnetic enrichment and were analyzed. Epithelial cells from patients with breast cancer generally stained with mAbs against cytokeratin and 3 of 5 for mucin-1. In contrast, no cells that stained for these antigens were observed in the blood from normal controls. The morphology of the stained cells was consistent with that of neoplastic cells. Of 8 patients with breast cancer followed for 1-10 months, there was a good correlation between changes in the level of tumor cells in the blood with both treatment with chemotherapy and clinical status. The present assay may be helpful in early detection, in monitoring disease, and in prognostication.

Primary Neuroendocrine Breast Carcinoma in a 13-Year-Old Girl: Ultrasonography and Pathology Findings

PubMed Central

Folligan, Koué; Sabi, Akomola; Sonhaye, Lantam; Boumé, Azanledji; Bassowa, Akila; Adani-Ifé, Solange; Napo-Koura, Gado

2017-01-01

Neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) of the breast is a rare disease and has been scarcely reported by African authors. The authors report a case of breast NEC in a 13-year-old African girl initially diagnosed as an atypical adenofibroma by ultrasonography. Ultrasound-guided biopsy and conventional histological examination indicated two potential diagnoses: primary malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and undifferentiated carcinoma. According to immunohistochemistry performed on paraffin blocks in France, infiltrating ductal carcinoma with a strong neuroendocrine component was confirmed by CD56, CD57, and chromogranin A markers. PMID:29082059

Prevalence of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in women with breast carcinoma In Situ and referred for genetic testing.

PubMed

Hall, Michael J; Reid, Julia E; Wenstrup, Richard J

2010-12-01

Ductal and lobular carcinoma in situ (CIS) accounted for 62,280 (24.5%) of all new breast cancer diagnoses in 2009. BRCA1/2 mutations confer an extremely high risk of breast cancer, and management guidelines for BRCA1/2 mutation carriers advise close follow-up, intensive screening, and consideration of prophylactic surgery to lower this risk. The limited relevant previous data are not definitive in establishing the prevalence of BRCA1/2 mutations in breast CIS patients, creating uncertainty as to whether referral for cancer risk assessment and genetic testing is appropriate for this group. Therefore, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the Myriad Genetics BRCA1/2 database to determine the prevalence of these mutations in breast CIS patients. All statistical tests were 2-sided, and confidence intervals (CI) are reported at the 95% level (α = 0.05). The source population was 64,717 consecutive women who were not Ashkenazi Jewish, underwent BRCA1/2 testing, and provided a personal and family history of invasive breast and ovarian cancer; 7,295 (11.3%) reported a diagnosis of CIS (ductal or lobular) and had an overall 5.9% prevalence of mutated BRCA1/2 (mBRCA). Subgrouped by history (personal or family) of invasive breast and/or ovarian cancer, these CIS patients had the following prevalences of mBRCA: (1) no personal or family history, 2.3%; (2) personal history, 5.2%; (3) family history, 5%; and (4) personal and family history, 10.3%. mBRCA risk was significantly higher in women with early-onset (<50 years old) CIS than with late-onset (≥ 50 years old) CIS [odds ratio (OR) = 1.5; 95% CI = 1.1-2.1). Disease onset at less than 40 years age was associated with an even higher mBRCA risk (OR = 1.8; 95% CI = 1.3-2.3). By far the largest analysis of BRCA1/2 mutation prevalence in non-Ashkenazi Jewish breast CIS patients, this study shows that early-onset CIS is associated with mBRCA1/2 in patients referred for genetic testing. When a family history of breast and/or ovarian cancer are also present, testing women with early-onset CIS may increase both the likelihood of detecting BRCA1/2 mutations and opportunities for carriers to consider additional cancer prevention strategies. ©2010 AACR.

[Metastatic breast cancer to the stomach: An uncommon evolution of breast carcinoma].

PubMed

Hild, C; Talha-Vautravers, A; Hoefler, P; Zirabe, S; Bellocq, J-P; Mathelin, C

2014-01-01

Breast carcinoma exceptionally leads to metastatic linitis plastica. Distinguishing a breast cancer metastasis to the stomach from a primary gastric cancer on the basis of clinical and radiological signs is very challenging. Thanks to being cognizant of the previous history of invasive lobular carcinoma and the gastric biopsy followed by immunohistochemical analysis, gastric metastasis can be diagnosed. Despite the use of chemotherapy and hormonal therapy, gastric metastasis remains often associated with poor prognosis. We present a case where gastric biopsy allowed a metastatic breast cancer to the stomach to be diagnosed and we discuss its clinical, diagnostic, pathological and therapeutic particularities. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

A microengineered pathophysiological model of early-stage breast cancer.

PubMed

Choi, Yoonseok; Hyun, Eunjeh; Seo, Jeongyun; Blundell, Cassidy; Kim, Hee Chan; Lee, Eunhee; Lee, Su Hyun; Moon, Aree; Moon, Woo Kyung; Huh, Dongeun

2015-08-21

A mounting body of evidence in cancer research suggests that the local microenvironment of tumor cells has a profound influence on cancer progression and metastasis. In vitro studies on the tumor microenvironment and its pharmacological modulation, however, are often hampered by the technical challenges associated with creating physiological cell culture environments that integrate cancer cells with the key components of their native niche such as neighboring cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) to mimic complex microarchitecture of cancerous tissue. Using early-stage breast cancer as a model disease, here we describe a biomimetic microengineering strategy to reconstitute three-dimensional (3D) structural organization and microenvironment of breast tumors in human cell-based in vitro models. Specifically, we developed a microsystem that enabled co-culture of breast tumor spheroids with human mammary ductal epithelial cells and mammary fibroblasts in a compartmentalized 3D microfluidic device to replicate microarchitecture of breast ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). We also explored the potential of this breast cancer-on-a-chip system as a drug screening platform by evaluating the efficacy and toxicity of an anticancer drug (paclitaxel). Our microengineered disease model represents the first critical step towards recapitulating pathophysiological complexity of breast cancer, and may serve as an enabling tool to systematically examine the contribution of the breast cancer microenvironment to the progression of DCIS to an invasive form of the disease.

Development of a cryosurgical technique for breast malignancies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rabin, Yoed; Julian, Thomas B.; Olson, Peter; Taylor, Michael J.; Wolmark, Norman

1999-06-01

Carcinoma of the breast continues to be the second major cause of death in women in the US today, with 180,000 new cases detected annually in the US. One third of these carcinomas are 1 cm in size or less. The current techniques of surgical resection require operating rooms, anesthesia, cosmetic concerns and cost. The benefits of cryosurgery for the treatment of visceral tumors has stimulated the investigation of this approach for carcinomas of the breast. Here within is a work-in-progress report of our research program to evaluate a cryodevice and techniques for breast cryosurgery.

Correlation of HER-2 over-expression with clinico-pathological parameters in Tunisian breast carcinoma.

PubMed

Ayadi, Lobna; Khabir, Abdelmajid; Amouri, Habib; Karray, Sondes; Dammak, Abdallah; Guermazi, Mohamed; Boudawara, Tahya

2008-10-22

Breast carcinoma is a disease with a tremendous heterogeneity in its clinical behavior. Newer prognostic factors and predictors of response to therapy are needed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of HER-2, estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) in breast carcinoma and to compare it with other prognostic parameters such as histological type and grade, tumor size, patients' age, and lymph node metastases. This is a retrospective study conducted in the department of pathology at Sfax University Hospital. Confirmed 155 Cases of breast carcinoma were reviewed in the period between January 2000 and December 2004. We used immunohistochemistry to evaluate the expression of HER-2, ER, and PR receptor and Chi-square and Fisher exact test to correlate immunohistochemical findings with prognostic parameters for breast carcinoma such as patients' age, tumor size, histological type, histological grade and lymph node status. The mean age of patients was 51.5 years, ranging from 22 to 89 years. 80 (51.6%) of the patients were below 50 years. The percentage of expression of HER-2, ER and PR was 26, 59.4, and 52.3%, respectively. HER-2 was over-expressed (3+) in 18.1% of the cases, was inversely related to ER expression (p = 0.00) and to PR expression (p = 0.048). This over-expression was also associated with a high tumor grade with marginal significance (p = 0.072). A negative correlation was noted between ER and PR expression and SBR grade (p = 0.000) and ER and age (p = 0.002). HER-2 over-expression was observed in 18.1% of Tunisian breast carcinoma affecting female patients. This group presents apparently an aggressive form of breast carcinoma with high histological grade and negative ER.

[A Case of Noninvasive Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast in a Male].

PubMed

Yamashita, Yamato; Ishiba, Toshiyuki; Oda, Goshi; Nakagawa, Tsuyoshi; Aburatani, Tomoki; Ogo, Taiichi; Nakashima, Yutaka; Baba, Hironobu; Hoshino, Naoaki; Nishioka, Yoshinobu; Kawano, Tatsuyuki; Itoh, Takashi; Kirimura, Susumu; Kobayashi, Hirotoshi

2017-11-01

Breast cancer in male is rare, accounting for 1%of all breast cancers.Among male breast cancers, noninvasive carcinoma is extremely rare.We experienced a case of noninvasive carcinoma of the breast in a male.A 72-year-old male was referred to our hospital with a chief complaint of the tumor and blood secretion from the left nipple.Mammography revealed a highdensity mass.Ultrasound examination revealed low echoic mass at the E area, and it measured 1.5 cm.Core needle biopsy failed to provide a definitive diagnosis, and we performed an excisional biopsy of the tumor.The pathological diagnosis was noninvasive ductal carcinoma.He underwent a mastectomy without sentinel lymph node biopsy because the resection margin was positive.The patient received no adjuvant therapy and the patient's postoperative course was uneventful for 1 year.As there have been few reports on male noninvasive ductal carcinoma, we do not have evidence for indication of the sentinel lymph nodes and postoperative adjuvant therapy such as tamoxifen.We may confuse the treatment policy.

Early Diagnosis of Breast Cancer by Identifying Malignant Cells Within Neoplasias Histologically Classified as Benign

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-07-01

C Ortiz de Solorzano, R . Malladi , SA Leli&vre, and SJ Lockett. "Segmentation of nuclei and cells using membrane related protein markers." J...B•o derived, invasive carcinoma-type (malignant) T4-2 cells -- " expressing GFP-actin were plated in 3D at ratio 1/8 andi r cultured for 10 days

Hereditary breast cancer: from molecular pathology to tailored therapies.

PubMed

Tan, D S P; Marchiò, C; Reis-Filho, J S

2008-10-01

Hereditary breast cancer accounts for up to 5-10% of all breast carcinomas. Recent studies have demonstrated that mutations in two high-penetrance genes, namely BRCA1 and BRCA2, are responsible for about 16% of the familial risk of breast cancer. Even though subsequent studies have failed to find another high-penetrance breast cancer susceptibility gene, several genes that confer a moderate to low risk of breast cancer development have been identified; moreover, hereditary breast cancer can be part of multiple cancer syndromes. In this review we will focus on the hereditary breast carcinomas caused by mutations in BRCA1, BRCA2, Fanconi anaemia (FANC) genes, CHK2 and ATM tumour suppressor genes. We describe the hallmark histological features of these carcinomas compared with non-hereditary breast cancers and show how an accurate histopathological diagnosis may help improve the identification of patients to be screened for mutations. Finally, novel therapeutic approaches to treat patients with BRCA1 and BRCA2 germ line mutations, including cross-linking agents and PARP inhibitors, are discussed.

Discoidin domain receptor 1: New star in cancer-targeted therapy and its complex role in breast carcinoma.

PubMed

Jing, Hui; Song, Jingyuan; Zheng, Junnian

2018-03-01

Discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1) is a receptor tyrosine kinase activated by various types of collagens that performs a critical role in cell attachment, migration, survival and proliferation. The functions of DDR1 in various types of tumor have been studied extensively. However, in breast carcinoma, the roles of collagen-evoked DDR1 remain ill defined. Although a number of studies have reported that DDR1 promotes apoptosis and inhibits migration in breast carcinoma, it has also been reported to be associated with tumor cell survival, chemoresistance to genotoxic drugs and the facilitation of invasion. The present review summarizes current progress and the complex effects of DDR1 in the field of breast carcinoma, and presents DDR1 as a promising therapeutic target.

Biomarker Signatures of Mitochondrial NDUFS3 in Invasive Breast Carcinoma

PubMed Central

Suhane, Sonal; Berel, Dror; Ramanujan, V Krishnan

2011-01-01

We present evidence for potential biomarker utility of a mitochondrial complex I subunit, (NDUFS3) in discriminating normal and highly invasive breast carcinoma specimens obtained from clinical patients. Besides being a robust indicator of breast cancer aggressiveness, NDUFS3 also shows clear signatures of a hypoxia/necrosis marker in invasive ductal carcinoma specimens. Statistically significant positive correlation was observed between nuclear grade and NDUFS3 expression level in the tumor specimens analyzed. We support these findings with a plausible mechanism involving mitochondrial complex I assembly defects and/or redox buffering induced mitochondrial dysfunction during the process of cancer cell transformation. From a clinical standpoint, this novel observation adds value in augmenting the current receptor-based biomarkers for better accuracy in diagnosis and predicting survival rate in patients with breast carcinoma. PMID:21867691

The role of cytokeratins 20 and 7 and estrogen receptor analysis in separation of metastatic lobular carcinoma of the breast and metastatic signet ring cell carcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract.

PubMed

Tot, T

2000-06-01

Metastatic signet ring cell carcinomas of unknown primary site can represent a clinical problem. Gastrointestinal signet ring cell carcinomas and invasive lobular carcinomas of the breast are the most common sources of these metastases. Immunohistochemical algorithms have been successfully used in the search for the unknown primary adenocarcinomas. In the present study a series of primary invasive lobular breast carcinomas (79 cases) and their metastases and a series of gastrointestinal signet ring cell carcinomas (22 primary and 13 metastases) were stained with monoclonal antibodies for cytokeratin (CK) 20 and CK7 and for estrogen receptors (ER). The staining was evaluated as negative (no staining), focally (less than 10% of the tumor cells stained) or diffusely positive. All the primary and metastatic gastrointestinal signet ring cell carcinomas proved to be CK20 positive, while only 2/79 (3%) of the primary and 1/21 metastatic lobular carcinomas (5%) stained positively for this CK. None of the gastrointestinal carcinomas and the majority of the lobular carcinomas expressed ER. The majority of the tumors were CK7+. Using CK20 alone, 33 of 34 metastases could be properly classified as gastrointestinal (CK20+) or mammary (CK20-). ER identified 31/34 of breast cancer metastases. By combining the results of CK20 and ER staining all the metastases could be properly classified as the CK20+/ER- pattern identified all the gastrointestinal tumors.

Approach and management of primary ectopic breast carcinoma in the axilla: where are we? A comprehensive historical literature review.

PubMed

Visconti, Giuseppe; Eltahir, Yassir; Van Ginkel, Robert J; Bart, Joost; Werker, Paul M N

2011-01-01

Primary ectopic breast carcinoma is a rare disease and, at present, no specific guidelines on its diagnosis and treatment are available. The purpose of this article is to review the world literature in English on primary ectopic breast carcinoma located in the armpit and to offer guidelines for diagnosis and treatment. Data for this review were identified by searches of MEDLINE, PubMed, The Cochrane Library, ACNP (Italian catalogue of journals) and references from relevant articles using relevant search terms and data published in the previous reviews. Primary ectopic breast carcinoma of the axilla mostly affects women of over 40 (range 28-90 yrs) years of age. The most frequent histological diagnosis is invasive ductal carcinoma not otherwise specified (NOS) (72%). Because of its rareness, in most cases, the diagnosis is delayed for on average 40.5 months. This disease is rare, but a high level of suspicion for carcinoma is mandatory when confronted with a tumour in this area. Once diagnosed, patients should undergo staging, and prognostic and adjuvant treatment procedures identical to orthotopic breast carcinoma guidelines. There are some limitations for the staging. Loco-regional treatment, on indication, combined with endocrine therapy and/or chemotherapy seems the treatment of choice. Copyright © 2010 British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Metastatic canine mammary carcinomas can be identified by a gene expression profile that partly overlaps with human breast cancer profiles

PubMed Central

2010-01-01

Background Similar to human breast cancer mammary tumors of the female dog are commonly associated with a fatal outcome due to the development of distant metastases. However, the molecular defects leading to metastasis are largely unknown and the value of canine mammary carcinoma as a model for human breast cancer is unclear. In this study, we analyzed the gene expression signatures associated with mammary tumor metastasis and asked for parallels with the human equivalent. Methods Messenger RNA expression profiles of twenty-seven lymph node metastasis positive or negative canine mammary carcinomas were established by microarray analysis. Differentially expressed genes were functionally characterized and associated with molecular pathways. The findings were also correlated with published data on human breast cancer. Results Metastatic canine mammary carcinomas had 1,011 significantly differentially expressed genes when compared to non-metastatic carcinomas. Metastatic carcinomas had a significant up-regulation of genes associated with cell cycle regulation, matrix modulation, protein folding and proteasomal degradation whereas cell differentiation genes, growth factor pathway genes and regulators of actin organization were significantly down-regulated. Interestingly, 265 of the 1,011 differentially expressed canine genes are also related to human breast cancer and, vice versa, parts of a human prognostic gene signature were identified in the expression profiles of the metastatic canine tumors. Conclusions Metastatic canine mammary carcinomas can be discriminated from non-metastatic carcinomas by their gene expression profiles. More than one third of the differentially expressed genes are also described of relevance for human breast cancer. Many of the differentially expressed genes are linked to functions and pathways which appear to be relevant for the induction and maintenance of metastatic progression and may represent new therapeutic targets. Furthermore, dogs are in some aspects suitable as a translational model for human breast tumors in order to identify prognostic molecular signatures and potential therapeutic targets. PMID:21062462

Clinicopathological factors associated with survival in patients with breast cancer brain metastasis.

PubMed

Li, Rong; Zhang, Kui; Siegal, Gene P; Wei, Shi

2017-06-01

Brain metastasis from breast cancer generally represents a catastrophic event yet demonstrates substantial biological heterogeneity. There have been limited studies solely focusing on the prognosis of patients with such metastasis. In this study, we carried out a comprehensive analysis in 108 consecutive patients with breast cancer brain metastases between 1997 and 2012 to further define clinicopathological factors associated with early onset of brain metastasis and survival outcomes after development of them. We found that lobular carcinoma, higher clinical stages at diagnosis, and lack of coexisting bone metastasis were significantly associated with a worse brain relapse-free survival when compared with brain-only metastasis. High histologic grade, triple-negative breast cancer, and absence of visceral involvement were unfavorable prognostic factors after brain metastasis. Furthermore, high histologic grade, advanced tumor stages, and lack of coexisting bone involvement indicated a worse overall survival. Thus, the previously established prognostic factors in early stage or advanced breast cancers may not entirely apply to patients with brain metastases. Furthermore, the prognostic significance of the clinicopathological factors differed before and after a patient develops brain metastasis. This knowledge might help in establishing an algorithm to further stratify patients with breast cancer into prognostically significant categories for optimal prevention, screening, and treatment of their brain metastasis. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Seven fractions to deliver partial breast irradiation: the toxicity is Low.

PubMed

Trovo, Marco; Avanzo, Michele; Vinante, Lorenzo; Furlan, Carlo; Fiorica, Francesco; Perin, Tiziana; Militello, Loredana; Spazzapan, Simon; Berretta, Massimiliano; Jena, Rajesh; Stancanello, Joseph; Piccoli, Erica; Mileto, Mario; Micheli, Elvia; Roncadin, Mario; Massarut, Samuele

2017-05-23

To assess toxicity and clinical outcome, in breast cancer patients treated with external beam partial breast irradiation (PBI) consisting of 35 Gy in 7 daily fractions (5 Gy/fraction). Patients affected by early-stage breast cancer were enrolled in this phase II trial. Patients had to be 60 years old or over and treated with breast conservative surgery for early stage invasive carcinoma. Seventy-three patients were analyzed. Median follow-up was 40 months. The proposed schedule was well tolerated. No Grade 3 toxicity was documented. Late toxicity was assessable for all the treated patients. Two patients (2.7%) developed Grade 2 pain 6 months after PBI. Four patients (5%) developed asymptomatic fat necrosis. Grade 2 fibrosis was observed in 5 patients (6.7%). No correlation was found between early and late toxicity and the type of adjuvant systemic therapy (no therapy vs. hormonal therapy vs. chemotherapy). No statistical correlation between dosimetric parameters and toxicity was found. Patients who developed Grade 2 radiation fibrosis had not higher radiation volumes to the untreated normal breast than those without fibrosis. Cosmesis was judged good/excellent in the majority of the cases (93%). One patient relapsed locally, and one developed distant metastases, corresponding to a 5-year local control and distant metastases-free survival of 98% and 96.7%, respectively. 35 Gy in 7 daily fractions is an effective and well-tolerated regimen to deliver PBI.

Skin-sparing mastectomy and immediate breast reconstruction: patient satisfaction and clinical outcome.

PubMed

Salhab, Mohamed; Al Sarakbi, Wail; Joseph, Antony; Sheards, Susan; Travers, Joan; Mokbel, Kefah

2006-02-01

Skin-sparing mastectomy (SSM) followed by immediate reconstruction has been advocated as an effective treatment option for patients with early-stage breast carcinoma. It minimizes deformity and improves cosmesis through preservation of the natural skin envelope of the breast. The purpose of this study was to evaluate postoperative morbidity, patients' satisfaction, and oncological safety for SSM and immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) with a latissimus dorsi (LD) myocutaneous flap and/or breast prosthesis in patients with operable breast cancer. Twenty-one consecutive patients with operable breast cancer undergoing 25 SSM and immediate reconstruction with an LD flap plus implant (n = 14) or implant alone (n = 11) were retrospectively studied (from 2001 through 2005). The median patients' age was 44 years (range, 30-68). Patient satisfaction with the outcome of surgery was assessed using a detailed questionnaire including a linear visual analogue scale ranging from 0 (not satisfied) to 10 (most satisfied). Eight of 20 (40%) patients required adjuvant chemotherapy, and only 2 patients required post-mastectomy radiation. Reconstruction of the nipple-areola complex was performed in 7 patients (33%) using the trefoil local flap technique. Contralateral procedures to achieve symmetry were performed in 6 (28%) patients (5 augmentations and 1 reduction mammoplasty). Histological analysis showed pure ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) in 4 patients and invasive carcinoma (+/- DCIS) in 20 cases, of which 5 (25%) were node positive. One prophylactic mastectomy in a BRCA-2 carrier was negative for malignancy. Tumor size ranged from 5 to 90 mm. The surgical margins were clear in all cases. There was no delay in time to commencement of adjuvant therapies. After a mean follow-up period of 13.5 months (range, 5-46 months), none of the patients developed locoregional recurrence. Only 1 patient (5%) developed systemic recurrence (bony metastases). Overall survival was 100%. The incidence of flap necrosis/loss, implant loss, wound infection, or hematoma requiring surgical evacuation was 0%, 0%, 0%, and 0%, respectively. Capsule formation requiring capsulotomy was observed in 3 of 21 patients (14%). The median patient satisfaction score was 10 (range, 6-10). SSM and IBR for operable breast cancer is associated with a high level of patient satisfaction and low morbidity. The procedure seems to be oncologically safe, even in patients with high-risk (T3 or node-positive) carcinoma. The latter needs to be confirmed with greater numbers of patients and longer follow-up.

Primary breast cancer of the vulva: a case report.

PubMed

Diniz da Costa, Ana Teresa Minhoto; Coelho, Ana Maria; Lourenço, Alexandre Valentim; Bernardino, Margarida; Ribeirinho, Ana Luisa; Jorge, Carlos Calhaz

2012-04-01

The occurrence of primary breast cancer of the vulva is extremely rare (24 cases described in the English-language literature). We report a case of a primary breast carcinoma of the vulva. An 82-year-old woman presented with a nodule of the left labia minor, which was excised. The histologic examination revealed the presence of adenocarcinoma of mammary origin, positive for common breast markers and for estrogen and progesterone receptors. The study for orthotopic breast carcinoma was negative, as well as the study for metastatic disease. The diagnosis of primary breast carcinoma was established. Our patient was then submitted to pelvic and inguinal radiotherapy as well as an aromatase inhibitor (letrozole), and she remained completely asymptomatic. Because of the rarity of this condition, guidelines for therapy are unavailable. The management suggested in the literature is that of primary orthotopic breast neoplasm of a similar stage.

Breast Metastatic Localization of Signet-Ring Cell Gastric Carcinoma

PubMed Central

Parrell Soler, C.; Palacios Marqués, A.; Saco López, L.; Bermejo De las Heras, R.; Pertusa Martínez, S.

2011-01-01

Metastatic tumors in the breast are quite rare and constitute 0,5 to 6% of all breast malignancies. They often occur in a polymetastatic context. Gastrointestinal lesions rarely metastasize to the breast. The first case of a metastasis deposit to the breast and ovary from gastric signet-ring cell carcinoma was reported in the literature in 1999. Since this report, only 5 cases have been reported. We present a case report of a 37-year-old woman who complained of a lump in the left breast. Two months earlier, the woman underwent a subtotal gastrectomy and a total hysterectomy with double anexectomy, which histologically was diagnosed of gastric signet-ring carcinoma, disseminated with Krukenberg's tumor. In those days, the patient was following a chemotherapy treatment. A core needle biopsy of the lesion in left breast revealed cells with signet-ring features, with probably gastric origin. PMID:21637360

Uroplakin II Expression in Breast Carcinomas Showing Apocrine Differentiation: Putting Some Emphasis on Invasive Pleomorphic Lobular Carcinoma as a Potential Mimic of Urothelial Carcinoma at Metastatic Sites.

PubMed

Tajima, Shogo; Koda, Kenji

2016-01-01

Uroplakin II antibody is exclusively specific for urothelial carcinoma. Nonurothelial carcinoma has not been reported to be immunoreactive for uroplakin II. In the present study, we hypothesized that breast carcinoma showing apocrine differentiation, such as invasive pleomorphic lobular carcinoma (IPLC) and apocrine carcinoma (AC), stains positive for uroplakin II. We identified 6 cases of IPLC between 2000 and 2014 by searching a computerized pathological database. We randomly selected 10 cases of each classic invasive lobular carcinoma (cILC) and AC and five cases of apocrine metaplasia (AM) that coexisted in a surgically resected breast carcinoma specimen. Immunohistochemistry was performed for uroplakin II, GATA3, CK7, CK20, and other representative markers positive for urothelial carcinoma. All cases of IPLC, AC, and AM, except those of cILC, showed immunoreactivity for uroplakin II. Poorly differentiated urothelial carcinoma sometimes shows similar morphology to IPLC with the following immunophenotype: CK7+, CK20-, GATA3+, and uroplakin II+. In the present study, this immunophenotype was observed in all the cases of IPLC and AC. Therefore, when studying metastatic, poorly differentiated carcinoma showing the aforementioned immunophenotype, we should consider the possibility of it being IPLC in addition to metastatic urothelial carcinoma.

Prognostic Significance of Telomere Attrition in Ductal Carcinoma in Situ of the Breast

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-02-01

developing breast cancer during the same period was only 1% (7). Similarly, only 32% of women whose DCIS was misdiagnosed as normal, and so did not receive... breast cancer -free survival. 15. SUBJECT TERMS Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), breast cancer , telomeres, prognosis, genomic instability 16...tumors in women 40-49 years of age in 2003 (2,3). However, the fraction of women with DCIS who eventually progress to invasive breast cancer is small

Regulation of Estrogen Receptor Transcription in Breast Carcinoma.

DTIC Science & Technology

1998-10-01

E-cadherin 40 and HSP27 41. It is certainly plausible to hypothesize a role for ERF-1 in the coordinate regulation of a set of genes in hormonally...responsive carcinomas. This conjecture is supported by the fact that breast carcinoma cell lines that express E-cadherin and HSP27 are also ERF- 1...regulatory promoter elements of the hsp27 gene in human breast cancer cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Com. 222, 155-163 (1996). 42. Imagawa, M., Chiu, R. & Karin

Synchronous bilateral carcinoma of the breasts occurring in a young woman with a history of Langerhans' cell histiocytosis in infancy.

PubMed

Churn, M; Davies, C; Slater, A

1999-01-01

We report the case history of a 28-year-old woman who developed synchronous bilateral carcinoma of the breasts, having been diagnosed with multisystem Langerhans' cell histiocytosis in infancy. She had been treated with vinblastine and corticosteroids for 3 years and made a full recovery without late sequelae. We review the association of Langerhans' cell histiocytosis and its treatment with subsequent malignancy, with particular reference to carcinoma of the breast, and discuss the possible causes.

High metastaticgastric and breast cancer cells consume oleic acid in an AMPK dependent manner.

PubMed

Li, Shuai; Zhou, Ti; Li, Cen; Dai, Zhiyu; Che, Di; Yao, Yachao; Li, Lei; Ma, Jianxing; Yang, Xia; Gao, Guoquan

2014-01-01

Gastric cancer and breast cancer have a clear tendency toward metastasis and invasion to the microenvironment predominantly composed of adipocytes. Oleic acid is an abundant monounsaturated fatty acid that releases from adipocytes and impinges on different energy metabolism responses. The effect and underlying mechanisms of oleic acid on highly metastatic cancer cells are not completely understood. We reported that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) was obviously activated in highly aggressive carcinoma cell lines treated by oleic acid, including gastric carcinoma HGC-27 and breast carcinoma MDA-MB-231 cell lines. AMPK enhanced the rates of fatty acid oxidation and ATP production and thus significantly promoted cancer growth and migration under serum deprivation. Inactivation of AMPK attenuated these activities of oleic acid. Oleic acid inhibited cancer cell growth and survival in low metastatic carcinoma cells, such as gastric carcinoma SGC7901 and breast carcinoma MCF-7 cell lines. Pharmacological activation of AMPK rescued the cell viability by maintained ATP levels by increasing fatty acid β-oxidation. These results indicate that highly metastatic carcinoma cells could consume oleic acid to maintain malignancy in an AMPK-dependent manner. Our findings demonstrate the important contribution of fatty acid oxidation to cancer cell function.

Expression of Leukemia/Lymphoma-Related Factor (LRF/POKEMON) in Human Breast Carcinoma and Other Cancers

PubMed Central

Aggarwal, Anshu; Hunter, William J.; Aggarwal, Himanshu; Silva, Edibaldo D.; Davey, Mary S.; Murphy, Richard F.; Agrawal, Devendra K.

2010-01-01

The POK family of proteins plays an important role in not only embryonic development and cell differentiation, but also in oncogenesis. Leukemia/lymphoma-related factor (LRF) belongs to the POK family of transcriptional repressors and is also known as POK erythroid myeloid ontogenic factor (POKEMON), which binds to short transcripts of HIV-1 (FBI-1) and TTF-1 interacting peptide (TIP21). Its oncogenic role is known only in lymphoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma, and malignant gliomas. The functional expression of LRF in human breast carcinoma has not yet been confirmed. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the expression of LRF in human breast cancer tissues and other human tumors. The expression of LRF mRNA transcripts and protein was observed in twenty human benign and malignant breast biopsy tissues. Expression of LRF was observed in several formalin-fixed tissues by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. All malignant breast tissues expressed mRNA transcripts and protein for LRF. However, 40% and 15% benign breast biopsy tissues expressed LRF mRNA transcripts and protein, respectively. The overall expression of LRF mRNA transcripts and total protein was significantly more in malignant breast tissues than the benign breast tissues. LRF expression was also observed in the nuclei of human colon, renal, lung, hepatocellular carcinomas and thymoma tumor cells. In general, a significantly higher expression of LRF was seen in malignant tissues than in the corresponding benign or normal tissue. Further studies are warranted to determine the malignant role of LRF in human breast carcinoma. PMID:20471975

Characterization of invisible breast cancers in digital mammography and tomosynthesis: radio-pathological correlation.

PubMed

Aguilar Angulo, P M; Romero Castellano, C; Ruiz Martín, J; Sánchez-Camacho González-Carrato, M P; Cruz Hernández, L M

To review the radio-pathologic features of symptomatic breast cancers not detected at digital mammography (DM) and digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT). Retrospective analysis of 169 lesions from symptomatic patients with breast cancer that were studied with DM, DBT, ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance (MR). We identified occult lesions (true false negatives) in DM and DBT. Clinical data, density, US and MR findings were analyzed as well as histopathological results. We identified seven occult lesions in DM and DBT. 57% (4/7) of the lesions were identified in high-density breasts (type c and d), and the rest of them in breasts of density type b. Six carcinomas were identified at US and MR (BI-RADS 4 masses); the remaining lesion was only identified at MR. The tumor size was larger than 3cm at MRI in 57% of the lesions. All tumors were ductal infiltrating carcinomas, six of them with high stromal proportion. According to molecular classification, we found only one triple-negative breast cancer, the other lesions were luminal-type. We analyzed the tumor margins of two resected carcinomas that were not treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, both lesions presented margins that displaced the adjacent parenchyma without infiltrating it. Occult breast carcinomas in DM and DBT accounted for 4% of lesions detected in patients with symptoms. They were mostly masses, all of them presented the diagnosis of infiltrating ductal carcinoma (with predominance of the luminal immunophenotype) and were detected in breasts of density type b, c and d. Copyright © 2017 SERAM. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

Breast carcinoma with a predominant duct-replacing component and chondroid matrix production.

PubMed

Tajima, Shogo; Koda, Kenji

2016-12-01

Breast carcinomas that produce chondroid matrix are extremely rare. If the carcinoma is invasive, it is classified as a matrix-producing carcinoma (MPC). Herein, we present a case of a breast carcinoma, which showed duct-replacing growth with chondroid matrix production. A 63-year-old woman underwent fine needle aspiration cytology for suspected malignancy, based on radiological findings. Cellular components showed sufficient atypia to allow a diagnosis of malignancy. A partial mastectomy was performed, and no mass-forming lesion was apparent in the surgically resected specimen. Histopathological examination showed that the carcinoma produced chondroid matrix and grew replacing ducts, which were associated with a small amount of an obvious invasive component without matrix production. Some parts of the duct-replacing component might take the form of expansile invasion due to the absence of residual duct-lining myoepithelial cells; it is difficult to decide whether the duct-replacing component is invasive or not. However, regarding a few tumor nests, they would be recognized as MPC-like intraductal components because of the focal presence of myoepithelial cells around them. Hence, this carcinoma could not be definitely diagnosed as a MPC, even though we believe they are closely related. This is the first reported case of a breast carcinoma displaying duct-replacing growth with chondroid matrix production.

Fusions of Breast Carcinoma and Dendritic Cells as a Vaccine for the Treatment of Metastatic Breast Cancer

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-07-01

Davies S, Gibbs P, Morris LS, Coleman N and Alexander GJ. Compromised lymphocytes infiltrate hepatocellular carcinoma : the role of T-regulatory...cells in peripheral blood of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma . Cancer Res., 65: 2457-2464, 2005. (8) Casares N, Arribillaga L, Sarobe P, Dotor J

Fusions of Breast Carcinoma and Dendritic Cells as a Vaccine for the Treatment of Metastatic Breast Cancer

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-07-01

Morris, L. S., Coleman, N., and Alexander, G. J. Compromised lymphocytes infiltrate hepatocellular carcinoma : the role of T-regulatory cells...regulatory T cells in peripheral blood of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma . Cancer Res., 65: 2457-2464, 2005. 18. Schaefer, C., Kim, G. G., Albers, A

Breast Cancer with Synchronous Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Rare Presentation.

PubMed

Arjunan, Ravi; Kumar, Durgesh; Kumar, K V Veerendra; Premlatha, C S

2016-10-01

Primary cancer arising from multiple organs is a well known fact. Synchronous tumours have been most commonly associated with kidney cancer. Bladder, prostate, colorectal and lung cancer are the most common synchronous primaries with Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) identified till date. We found metachronous tumours of breast with RCC in literature search which included both metastatic tumours as well second primaries. Overall, 25 cases of metastatic breast tumours and eight cases of second primary in previously treated RCC have been reported in the literature. Here, we are reporting a case of synchronous presentation of carcinoma breast with RCC which is very rare because most of the multiple malignancies reported in the literature are metastatic tumours or metachronous breast malignancy with RCC.

Breast Cancer with Synchronous Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Rare Presentation

PubMed Central

Arjunan, Ravi; Kumar, K V Veerendra; Premlatha, C S

2016-01-01

Primary cancer arising from multiple organs is a well known fact. Synchronous tumours have been most commonly associated with kidney cancer. Bladder, prostate, colorectal and lung cancer are the most common synchronous primaries with Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) identified till date. We found metachronous tumours of breast with RCC in literature search which included both metastatic tumours as well second primaries. Overall, 25 cases of metastatic breast tumours and eight cases of second primary in previously treated RCC have been reported in the literature. Here, we are reporting a case of synchronous presentation of carcinoma breast with RCC which is very rare because most of the multiple malignancies reported in the literature are metastatic tumours or metachronous breast malignancy with RCC. PMID:27891445

Overexpression of β1-chain-containing laminins in capillary basement membranes of human breast cancer and its metastases

PubMed Central

Fujita, Manabu; Khazenzon, Natalya M; Bose, Shikha; Sekiguchi, Kiyotoshi; Sasaki, Takako; Carter, William G; Ljubimov, Alexander V; Black, Keith L; Ljubimova, Julia Y

2005-01-01

Introduction Laminins are the major components of vascular and parenchymal basement membranes. We previously documented a switch in the expression of vascular laminins containing the α4 chain from predominantly laminin-9 (α4β2γ1) to predominantly laminin-8 (α4β1γ1) during progression of human brain gliomas to high-grade glioblastoma multiforme. Here, differential expression of laminins was studied in blood vessels and ductal epithelium of the breast. Method In the present study the expressions of laminin isoforms α1–α5, β1–β3, γ1, and γ2 were examined during progression of breast cancer. Forty-five clinical samples of breast tissues including normal breast, ductal carcinomas in situ, invasive ductal carcinomas, and their metastases to the brain were compared using Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry for various chains of laminin, in particular laminin-8 and laminin-9. Results Laminin α4 chain was observed in vascular basement membranes of most studied tissues, with the highest expression in metastases. At the same time, the expression of laminin β2 chain (a constituent of laminin-9) was mostly seen in normal breast and carcinomas in situ but not in invasive carcinomas or metastases. In contrast, laminin β1 chain (a constituent of laminin-8) was typically found in vessel walls of carcinomas and their metastases but not in those of normal breast. The expression of laminin-8 increased in a progression-dependent manner. A similar change was observed from laminin-11 (α5β2γ1) to laminin-10 (α5β1γ1) during breast tumor progression. Additionally, laminin-2 (α2β1γ1) appeared in vascular basement membranes of invasive carcinomas and metastases. Chains of laminin-5 (α3β3γ2) were expressed in the ductal epithelium basement membranes of the breast and diminished with tumor progression. Conclusion These results suggest that laminin-2, laminin-8, and laminin-10 are important components of tumor microvessels and may associate with breast tumor progression. Angiogenic switch from laminin-9 and laminin-11 to laminin-8 and laminin-10 first occurs in carcinomas in situ and becomes more pronounced with progression of carcinomas to the invasive stage. Similar to high-grade brain gliomas, the expression of laminin-8 (and laminin-10) in breast cancer tissue may be a predictive factor for tumor neovascularization and invasion. PMID:15987446

Effective Treatment of Solitary Pituitary Metastasis with Panhypopituitarism in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer by Lapatinib.

PubMed

Park, Youngmok; Kim, Hyemin; Kim, Eui-Hyun; Suh, Chang-Ok; Lee, Soohyeon

2016-01-01

Brain metastasis affects one third of patients with HER2-positive breast cancer after treatment with trastuzumab. Surgical resection and radiation therapy are often unsuccessful at accomplishing complete control of metastasis. Lapatinib is presumed to cross the blood-brain barrier, and exhibits clinical activities for treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer. A 43-year-old woman was treated for early breast carcinoma with total mastectomy, axillary lymph-node dissection, and adjuvant chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide plus doxorubicin. After the end of adjuvant trastuzumab therapy, she was diagnosed with panhypopituitarism due to pituitary metastasis. Surgical removal and whole brain radiation therapy were performed, but a portion of viable tumor remained. Only taking lapatinib, the size of the metastatic lesion began to shrink. Trastuzumab may have controlled the micro-metastasis of breast cancer, but it was unable to control its progression to the central nervous system. Lapatinib is a possible option for HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer patients with brain metastasis.

Prospects of nano-material in breast cancer management.

PubMed

Singh, A K; Pandey, A; Tewari, M; Kumar, R; Sharma, A; Pandey, H P; Shukla, H S

2013-04-01

Breast cancer evaluation and early diagnosis are core complexity worldwide and an ambiguity for scientists till date. Nano-materials are innovative tools for rapid diagnosis and therapy, which may induce an immense result in the field of oncology. Their exceptional size-dependent properties make them special and superior materials and quite indispensable in several fields of the human activities. The major obstacle in finding cure for malignant breast cancer is to increase in development of resistances for tumors to the therapeutic treatments. The widespread mammo-graph particle is being developed by nations to diagnosis disease in primitive stage to decline the mortality rates caused by breast carcinoma. The advancement of nano-particle based diagnostic tools facilitates in evaluation and provides encouraging development in breast cancer therapeutics. In this compact review, efforts have been made to compose the current advancements in the area of functional nano-particles. Furthermore, in vivo and in vitro applications of nano-materials in breast cancer management are also discussed.

Wilms tumor gene product: sensitive and contextually specific marker of serous carcinomas of ovarian surface epithelial origin.

PubMed

Hwang, Harry; Quenneville, Louise; Yaziji, Hadi; Gown, Allen M

2004-06-01

Carcinomas of ovarian surface epithelial origin can arise from, and often present at, extraovarian sites. There are few available markers for the positive identification of carcinomas of ovarian surface epithelial origin, which might aid in distinguishing them from metastatic carcinomas, such as of breast, colon, or lung origin. Recently, the Wilms tumor gene product (WT-1) has been shown to be expressed in ovarian surface and mesothelial epithelium. We tested the hypothesis that WT-1 would be a sensitive and specific marker of ovarian surface epithelium carcinomas. An archived series of 116 ovarian carcinomas (57 serous [43 ovarian, 14 extraovarian], 31 mucinous, 15 clear cell, 13 endometrioid), 118 breast carcinomas, 46 colonic carcinomas, and 45 nonsmall cell lung cancers were selected. A polyclonal antibody to the WT-1 gene product was applied to deparaffinized, formalin-fixed tissue sections after epitope retrieval. Fifty-two of 57 (93%) serous carcinomas of ovarian surface epithelial origin were WT-1-positive, in a nuclear pattern, with virtually all the tumor cell population positive in the majority of cases. None of the mucinous, clear cell, or endometrioid ovarian cancers were positive, and only 8 of 118 breast, 0 of 46 colonic, and 0 of 45 lung nonsmall cell carcinomas were WT-1-positive. These findings demonstrate that WT-1 is a highly sensitive and specific marker of serous carcinomas of ovarian surface epithelial origin (both ovarian and extraovarian). These results also contradict recent reports demonstrating WT-1 expression in both breast and lung carcinomas.

[Effect of genetics, epigenetics and variations in the transcriptional expression of cadherin-E in breast cancer susceptibility].

PubMed

Aristizábal-Pachón, Andrés Felipe; Takahashi, Catarina Satie

2016-12-01

Cadherin-E (CDH1) is an important regulator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, invasion and metastasis in many carcinomas. However, germinal epimutations and mutations effect in breast cancer susceptibility is not clear. To evaluate rs334558 polymorphism, promoter methylation status and CDH1 expression profile in breast cancer patients. We collected peripheral blood samples from 102 breast cancer patients and 102 healthy subjects. The identification of rs334558 polymorphism was performed using PCR-RFLP, while methylation-specific PCR (MSP) and methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting (MS-HRM) were used to explore CDH1 methylation status; finally, CDH1 transcriptional expression profile was evaluated using RT-qPCR. We found no association between rs334558 polymorphism and breast cancer. Aberrant promoter methylation profile was found in breast cancer patients and it was related with early cancer stages. CDH1 down-regulation was significantly associated with metastasis and promoter methylation. CDH1 alterations were associated with invasion and metastasis in breast cancer. Our results offer further evidence of CDH1 relevance in breast cancer development and progression.

Estrogen replacement therapy for menopausal women with a history of breast carcinoma: results of a 5-year, prospective study.

PubMed

Vassilopoulou-Sellin, Rena; Cohen, Deborah S; Hortobagyi, Gabriel N; Klein, Mary Jean; McNeese, Marsha; Singletary, S Eva; Smith, Terry L; Theriault, Richard L

2002-11-01

Women with a history of breast carcinoma generally have been advised to avoid estrogen replacement therapy (ERT). The validity of this approach has been scrutinized and debated in recent years, and reassessment through appropriate clinical trials has been suggested. The authors conducted a prospective clinical trial to assess the safety and efficacy of prolonged ERT in a group of menopausal women with localized (Stage I or Stage II) breast carcinoma and a minimum disease free interval of 2 years if estrogen receptor (ER) was negative or 10 years if ER status was unknown. For 5 years, the authors followed 77 trial participants and 222 other women with clinical and prognostic characteristics comparable to those of the trial participants. Overall, 56 women were on ERT, and 243 women were not on ERT. The association of ERT with skeletal and lipid changes was assessed in the randomized trial participants. The effect of ERT on the development of recurrent or new breast carcinoma and other carcinomas was analyzed both in the trial participants and in the overall group. Patient and disease characteristics, such as tumor size, number of lymph nodes involved, ER status, menopausal status, and disease free interval were comparable for women who were on ERT and women who were not on ERT. These same parameters also were comparable for women who joined the trial and women who did not. ERT use was associated with modest lipid and skeletal benefits. The introduction of ERT did not compromise disease free survival. Two of 56 women on ERT (3.6%) developed a contralateral, new breast carcinoma. In the group that was not on ERT, 33 of 243 women (13.5%) developed new or recurrent breast carcinoma. There were no differences in the development of other carcinomas with respect to ERT. ERT did not compromise disease free survival in select patients who were treated previously for localized breast carcinoma. Larger scale randomized trials are needed to confirm these findings. Copyright 2002 American Cancer Society.

Overexpression of SERBP1 (Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 RNA binding protein) in human breast cancer is correlated with favourable prognosis

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Background Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) overexpression is an important prognostic and predictive biomarker in human breast cancer. SERBP1, a protein that is supposed to regulate the stability of PAI-1 mRNA, may play a role in gynaecological cancers as well, since upregulation of SERBP1 was described in ovarian cancer recently. This is the first study to present a systematic characterisation of SERBP1 expression in human breast cancer and normal breast tissue at both the mRNA and the protein level. Methods Using semiquantitative realtime PCR we analysed SERBP1 expression in different normal human tissues (n = 25), and in matched pairs of normal (n = 7) and cancerous breast tissues (n = 7). SERBP1 protein expression was analysed in two independent cohorts on tissue microarrays (TMAs), an initial evaluation set, consisting of 193 breast carcinomas and 48 normal breast tissues, and a second large validation set, consisting of 605 breast carcinomas. In addition, a collection of benign (n = 2) and malignant (n = 6) mammary cell lines as well as breast carcinoma lysates (n = 16) were investigated for SERBP1 expression by Western blot analysis. Furthermore, applying non-radioisotopic in situ hybridisation a subset of normal (n = 10) and cancerous (n = 10) breast tissue specimens from the initial TMA were analysed for SERBP1 mRNA expression. Results SERBP1 is not differentially expressed in breast carcinoma compared to normal breast tissue, both at the RNA and protein level. However, recurrence-free survival analysis showed a significant correlation (P = 0.008) between abundant SERBP1 expression in breast carcinoma and favourable prognosis. Interestingly, overall survival analysis also displayed a tendency (P = 0.09) towards favourable prognosis when SERBP1 was overexpressed in breast cancer. Conclusions The RNA-binding protein SERBP1 is abundantly expressed in human breast cancer and may represent a novel breast tumour marker with prognostic significance. Its potential involvement in the plasminogen activator protease cascade warrants further investigation. PMID:23236990

Myoepithelial cell-specific expression of stefin A as a suppressor of early breast cancer invasion.

PubMed

Duivenvoorden, Hendrika M; Rautela, Jai; Edgington-Mitchell, Laura E; Spurling, Alex; Greening, David W; Nowell, Cameron J; Molloy, Timothy J; Robbins, Elizabeth; Brockwell, Natasha K; Lee, Cheok Soon; Chen, Maoshan; Holliday, Anne; Selinger, Cristina I; Hu, Min; Britt, Kara L; Stroud, David A; Bogyo, Matthew; Möller, Andreas; Polyak, Kornelia; Sloane, Bonnie F; O'Toole, Sandra A; Parker, Belinda S

2017-12-01

Mammography screening has increased the detection of early pre-invasive breast cancers, termed ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), increasing the urgency of identifying molecular regulators of invasion as prognostic markers to predict local relapse. Using the MMTV-PyMT breast cancer model and pharmacological protease inhibitors, we reveal that cysteine cathepsins have important roles in early-stage tumorigenesis. To characterize the cell-specific roles of cathepsins in early invasion, we developed a DCIS-like model, incorporating an immortalized myoepithelial cell line (N1ME) that restrained tumor cell invasion in 3D culture. Using this model, we identified an important myoepithelial-specific function of the cysteine cathepsin inhibitor stefin A in suppressing invasion, whereby targeted stefin A loss in N1ME cells blocked myoepithelial-induced suppression of breast cancer cell invasion. Enhanced invasion observed in 3D cultures with N1ME stefin A-low cells was reliant on cathepsin B activation, as addition of the small molecule inhibitor CA-074 rescued the DCIS-like non-invasive phenotype. Importantly, we confirmed that stefin A was indeed abundant in myoepithelial cells in breast tissue. Use of a 138-patient cohort confirmed that myoepithelial stefin A (cystatin A) is abundant in normal breast ducts and low-grade DCIS but reduced in high-grade DCIS, supporting myoepithelial stefin A as a candidate marker of lower risk of invasive relapse. We have therefore identified myoepithelial cell stefin A as a suppressor of early tumor invasion and a candidate marker to distinguish patients who are at low risk of developing invasive breast cancer, and can therefore be spared further treatment. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Early detection of tumor cells by innate immune cells leads to T(reg) recruitment through CCL22 production by tumor cells.

PubMed

Faget, Julien; Biota, Cathy; Bachelot, Thomas; Gobert, Michael; Treilleux, Isabelle; Goutagny, Nadège; Durand, Isabelle; Léon-Goddard, Sophie; Blay, Jean Yves; Caux, Christophe; Ménétrier-Caux, Christine

2011-10-01

In breast carcinomas, patient survival seems to be negatively affected by the recruitment of regulatory T cells (T(reg)) within lymphoid aggregates by CCL22. However, the mechanisms underpinning this process, which may be of broader significance in solid tumors, have yet to be described. In this study, we determined how CCL22 production is controlled in tumor cells. In human breast carcinoma cell lines, CCL22 was secreted at low basal levels that were strongly increased in response to inflammatory signals [TNF-α, IFN-γ, and interleukin (IL)-1β], contrasting with CCL17. Primary breast tumors and CD45(+) infiltrating immune cells appeared to cooperate in driving CCL22 secretion, as shown clearly in cocultures of breast tumor cell lines and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) or their supernatants. We determined that monocyte-derived IL-1β and TNF-α are key players as monocyte depletion or neutralization of these cytokines attenuated secretion of CCL22. However, when purified monocytes were used, exogenous human IFN-γ was also required to generate this response suggesting a role for IFN-γ-producing cells within PBMCs. In this setting, we found that human IFN-γ could be replaced by the addition of (i) IL-2 or K562-activated natural killer (NK) cells or (ii) resting NK cells in the presence of anti-MHC class I antibody. Taken together, our results show a dialogue between NK and tumor cells leading to IFN-γ secretion, which in turn associates with monocyte-derived IL-1β and TNF-α to drive production of CCL22 by tumor cells and subsequent recruitment of T(reg). As one validation of this conclusion in primary breast tumors, we showed that NK cells and macrophages tend to colocalize within tumors. In summary, our findings suggest that at early times during tumorigenesis, the detection of tumor cells by innate effectors (monocytes and NK cells) imposes a selection for CCL22 secretion that recruits T(reg) to evade this early antitumor immune response.

Jejunal obstruction caused by metastasis from an undiagnosed breast cancer: a case report.

PubMed

Calò, Pietro Giorgio; Fanni, Daniela; Ionta, Maria Teresa; Medas, Fabio; Faa, Gavino; Atzori, Francesco

2012-01-01

Solitary metastasis from breast carcinoma to the gastrointestinal tract is an uncommon finding. We describe a female patient with a solitary jejunal metastasis from an undiagnosed breast cancer who presented to the emergency department with a bowel obstruction. Abdominal surgery was performed, revealing a jejunal stenosis from a metastatic lobular carcinoma. The primary tumor in the left breast was subsequently diagnosed and surgically removed.

Differential diagnosis of breast cancer using quantitative, label-free and molecular vibrational imaging

PubMed Central

Yang, Yaliang; Li, Fuhai; Gao, Liang; Wang, Zhiyong; Thrall, Michael J.; Shen, Steven S.; Wong, Kelvin K.; Wong, Stephen T. C.

2011-01-01

We present a label-free, chemically-selective, quantitative imaging strategy to identify breast cancer and differentiate its subtypes using coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy. Human normal breast tissue, benign proliferative, as well as in situ and invasive carcinomas, were imaged ex vivo. Simply by visualizing cellular and tissue features appearing on CARS images, cancerous lesions can be readily separated from normal tissue and benign proliferative lesion. To further distinguish cancer subtypes, quantitative disease-related features, describing the geometry and distribution of cancer cell nuclei, were extracted and applied to a computerized classification system. The results show that in situ carcinoma was successfully distinguished from invasive carcinoma, while invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and invasive lobular carcinoma were also distinguished from each other. Furthermore, 80% of intermediate-grade IDC and 85% of high-grade IDC were correctly distinguished from each other. The proposed quantitative CARS imaging method has the potential to enable rapid diagnosis of breast cancer. PMID:21833355

Inhibitory effects of OK-432 (Picibanil) on cellular proliferation and adhesive capacity of breast carcinoma cells.

PubMed

Horii, Yoshio; Iino, Yuichi; Maemura, Michio; Horiguchi, Jun; Morishita, Yasuo

2005-02-01

We investigated the potent inhibitory effects of OK-432 (Picibanil) on both cellular adhesion and cell proliferation of estrogen-dependent (MCF-7) or estrogen-independent (MDA-MB-231) breast carcinoma cells. Cellular proliferation of both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells was markedly inhibited in a dose-dependent manner, when the carcinoma cells were exposed to OK-432. Cell attachment assay demonstrated that incubation with OK-432 for 24 h reduced integrin-mediated cellular adhesion of both cell types. However, fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis revealed that incubation with OK-432 for 24 h did not decrease the cell surface expressions of any integrins. These results suggest that the binding avidity of integrins is reduced by OK-432 without alteration of the integrin expression. We conclude that OK-432 inhibits integrin-mediated cellular adhesion as well as cell proliferation of breast carcinoma cells regardless of estrogen-dependence, and that these actions of OK-432 contribute to prevention or inhibition of breast carcinoma invasion and metastasis.

HER-2 amplification in tubular carcinoma of the breast.

PubMed

Oakley, Gerard J; Tubbs, Raymond R; Crowe, Joseph; Sebek, Bruce; Budd, G Thomas; Patrick, Rebecca J; Procop, Gary W

2006-07-01

The prognostic and therapeutic implications of HER-2 gene amplification and estrogen and progesterone receptor status in breast cancer are well described. To address the relative paucity of information concerning HER-2 amplification for tubular carcinomas, we assessed the frequency of gene amplification in 55 tubular carcinomas of the breast from 54 patients, 5 of which had axillary node metastases. The HER-2 gene copy number was assessed by fluorescence in situ hybridization for the majority of tumors analyzed, whereas estrogen and progesterone receptor status was achieved by immunohistochemical analysis. HER-2 gene amplification was not observed in any of the tumors examined, and most were estrogen receptor-positive. This HER-2 gene amplification frequency was significantly lower than the frequency of gene amplification previously reported for all invasive ductal carcinoma of no special type (P < .01). HER-2 gene amplification likely occurs infrequently, or not at all, in tubular carcinomas of the breast, whereas most express estrogen receptors.

Breast and splenic metastases of squamous cell carcinoma from the uterine cervix: a case report

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

Introduction Metastases to the breast from extramammary malignancies are infrequent, the most common primary sites are malignant melanoma, leukemia, lymphoma, and cancer of the lung, stomach, prostate and ovary. The cervical origin is exceptional. Splenic metastasis from squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix is also rare. To the best of our knowledge, only three cases of isolated splenic metastasis have been reported in the literature. Case presentation We describe the case of a 55-year-old North African woman who presented with a nodule in her left breast eight months after treatment for stage IIB squamous cell uterine cervical carcinoma. The excisional biopsy with histological study demonstrated a poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. A computed tomography scan revealed a splenic secondary location. Conclusions We report here a case of two unusual metastatic sites of uterine cervical carcinoma, the breast and spleen. It is the first case of this association without widespread disease. PMID:25366471

Establishment of two new cell lines derived from human breast carcinomas with HER-2/neu amplification.

PubMed Central

Meltzer, P.; Leibovitz, A.; Dalton, W.; Villar, H.; Kute, T.; Davis, J.; Nagle, R.; Trent, J.

1991-01-01

Two human cell lines (UACC-812 and 893), both containing significant amplification of the HER-2/neu gene, were established from biopsy specimens of breast carcinomas. One patient had Stage II breast carcinoma; the other had metastatic disease. Characterisation of these lines has revealed that both are highly aneuploid containing multiple clonal chromosome alterations, have doubling times near 100 h, and are oestrogen and progesterone receptor negative. Electron microscopy demonstrates that both lines contain numerous microvilli, cytoplasmic filaments, multivesicular bodies, and desmosomes. Immunoblot analysis for P-glycoprotein using the monoclonal antibody C219 was negative for both patient cell lines. These relatively rare cell lines may represent a useful model to investigate human breast carcinomas. Images Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 PMID:1674877

An Unusual Clinical Presentation of Gastrointestinal Metastasis From Invasive Lobular Carcinoma of Breast.

PubMed

Balakrishnan, Bathmapriya; Shaik, Sufiya; Burman-Solovyeva, Irina

2016-01-01

Introduction. We present an unusual case of metastatic lobular breast carcinoma. Typical areas of metastasis include bone, gynecological organs, peritoneum, retroperitoneum, and gastrointestinal (GI) tract, in order of frequency. With regard to GI metastasis, extrahepatic represents a rare site. Case. Two years after being diagnosed with invasive lobular breast carcinoma, a 61-year-old female complained of 3 months of nonspecific abdominal pain and diarrhea. A colonoscopy revealed 5 tubular adenomatous polyps in the ascending and transverse colon. Contrast computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen and pelvis was done 7 months after the colonoscopy to further evaluate persistent diarrhea. The CT results were consistent with infectious or inflammatory enterocolitis. Despite conservative management, symptoms failed to improve and a repeat diagnostic colonoscopy was obtained. Random colonic biopsies revealed metastatic high-grade adenocarcinoma of the colon. Discussion. Metastatic lobular breast carcinoma to the GI tract can distort initial interpretation of endoscopic evaluation with lesions mimicking inflammation. The interval between discovery of GI metastasis and diagnosis of lobular breast cancer can vary widely from synchronous to 30 years; however, progression is most often much sooner. Nonspecific symptoms and subtle appearance of metastatic lesions may confound the diagnosis. A high index of suspicion is needed for possible metastatic spread to the GI tract in patients with a history of invasive lobular breast carcinoma. Perhaps, patients with nonspecific GI symptoms should have an endoscopic examination with multiple random biopsies as invasive lobular carcinoma typically mimics macroscopic changes consistent with colitis.

Heterotransplantation of human breast carcinomas in nude mice. Correlation between successful heterotransplants, poor prognosis and amplification of the HER-2/neu oncogene.

PubMed

Giovanella, B C; Vardeman, D M; Williams, L J; Taylor, D J; de Ipolyi, P D; Greeff, P J; Stehlin, J S; Ullrich, A; Cailleau, R; Slamon, D J

1991-01-02

Four hundred and thirty-three human breast carcinomas and 23 cell lines derived from human breast carcinomas were heterotransplanted in nude mice. Twenty-eight tumors and 13 cell lines took and could be serially transplanted. Their human origin was established by isozyme analysis performed on successive passages. Sixteen primary infiltrating duct-cell carcinomas (PIDC) took, from a total of 262 transplanted (6.1%). This is in striking contrast to the greater than 50% rate of takes of most major cancers of epithelial origin. All 16 PIDC growing in nude mice were highly cellular and lacked desmoplastic hyperplasia. The clinical prognosis of the PIDC patients whose tumors were successfully transplanted was poor. Ten of 16 (63%) died of their disease within 3 years, compared to only 49 (20%) of the 246 PIDC patients whose tumors did not take in nude mice. This could not be attributed to later stage disease of the tumors that took, because only 15% of these patients had 4 or more positive axillary lymph nodes as opposed to 28% of the patients whose tumors did not take. Sixty-four percent of the breast carcinomas growing in nude mice exhibited amplification of the HER-2/neu oncogene which is also correlated with poor prognosis in human breast cancer. It is possible that the nude mouse is more susceptible to a population of highly invasive and lethal breast carcinomas.

Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of the breast: a case report and review of the literature.

PubMed

Honma, Naoko; Sakamoto, Goi; Ikenaga, Motoko; Kuroiwa, Kojiro; Younes, Mamoun; Takubo, Kaiyo

2003-08-01

We report a case of mucinous cystadenocarcinoma (MCA) of the breast in a 96-year-old woman. This is an extremely rare variant of primary breast carcinoma that bears a striking resemblance to MCAs of the ovary and pancreas. The macroscopic appearance and secretion pattern (cytologic findings) resembled cystic hypersecretory carcinoma. However, microscopically, the epithelial cells were quite different from those of cystic hypersecretory carcinoma. In the present study as well as in the literature, MCAs tend to occur more frequently in elderly women. Immunohistochemical findings suggest that they may develop independently of estrogenic stimulation. Although MCAs show high proliferative activity, the prognosis was favorable in the present case as well as in the reported cases. Because MCAs appear to have a distinct pathogenesis and biologic behavior, they should be distinguished from ordinary mucinous carcinomas, cystic hypersecretory carcinomas, and carcinomas of other histologic subtypes.

Overexpression of androgen receptor and forkhead-box A1 protein in apocrine breast carcinoma.

PubMed

Sasahara, Manami; Matsui, Akira; Ichimura, Yoshiko; Hirakata, Yuuko; Murata, Yuuya; Marui, Eiji

2014-03-01

Apocrine breast carcinoma often lacks estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor type-2 (HER2) expression. Accordingly, development of a new treatment strategy is important for this type of cancer. The growth stimulus through the androgen receptor (AR) can be a candidate for targeted treatment. Therefore, we examined the factors related to AR transcription. We immunohistochemically evaluated 54 apocrine cancer lesions for ER, PgR, AR, HER2, Ki-67, forkhead-box protein A1 (FOXA1), and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) expression. ER, PgR, and HER2 were expressed at a low level, thus 44 out of 54 (81.4%) cases were of triple-negative breast cancer. AR, PSA and FOXA1 were expressed in 100% (54/54), 48% (26/54) and 93% (50/54) of cases, respectively. Most of apocrine breast carcinomas were immunohistochemically-positive for AR and FOXA1. Anti-androgenic therapies can potentially serve as a cancer-targeting therapy for apocrine breast carcinoma.

Lymphatic and blood vessels in male breast cancer.

PubMed

Niemiec, Joanna; Sas-Korczynska, Beata; Harazin-Lechowska, Agnieszka; Martynow, Dariusz; Adamczyk, Agnieszka

2015-02-01

It is assumed that lymphatic vessels are responsible for breast cancer dissemination. In 32 male breast carcinomas we evaluated the correlation between: (i) lymphatic vessel density (LVD), distribution of podoplanin-immunostained vessels (DPV), blood vessel density (BVD), infiltration of immune cells and (ii) known clinicopathological parameters. Lymphatic and blood vessels were found in 77.8% and 100% of breast carcinomas, respectively. Double-negative estrogen and progesterone receptor tumors (ER-/PR-) presented significantly higher LVD than ER/PR positive cases, while high-grade tumors exhibited significantly higher DPV than low-grade carcinomas. We detected significantly higher frequency of vascular invasion in high-grade and double-negative carcinomas than in low-grade and ER/PR-positive ones, respectively. The relationship between high number of lymphatic vessels and high tumor grade or steroid receptor negativity might confirm the hypothesis regarding the influence of lymphangiogenesis on the formation of a more aggressive phenotype in male breast cancer. Copyright© 2015 International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. John G. Delinassios), All rights reserved.

Significance of estrogen receptor 1 (ESR-1) gene imbalances in colon and hepatocellular carcinomas based on tissue microarrays analysis.

PubMed

Tsiambas, Evangelos; Georgiannos, Stavros N; Salemis, Nikolaos; Alexopoulou, Despoina; Lambropoulou, Sofia; Dimo, Blerta; Ioannidis, Ioannis; Kravvaritis, Christos; Karameris, Andreas; Patsouris, Efstratios; Dourakis, Spyridon

2011-12-01

Estrogen receptor alpha-encoded by ESR1 gene-overexpression correlates with prognosis and response to specific chemotherapy in breast adenocarcinoma cases. Mechanisms of ESR-1 deregulation in carcinomas remain under investigation. To analyze ESR1 in carcinomas of different histogenesis. Using tissue microarray technology, 172 primary carcinomas including breast ductal adenocarcinomas (n=60), hepatocellular carcinomas (n=52), and colon adenocarcinomas (n=60) were cored and re-embedded in three paraffin blocks. Initial diagnosis was based on liquid based cytology (LiquiPrep/ThinPrep). Immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization were performed. Quantitative evaluation of ER-a protein levels was assessed by applying digital image analysis. ER-a overexpression was observed in 41/60 (68.3%), 23/52 (44.2%) and 4/60 (6.6%) cases, respectively. ESR1 gene multiple copies were confirmed in 13/60 (21.6%) breast adenocarcinomas, but high amplification only in 8/13 (62.8%). Allelic absence was identified in 3/52 (5.7%) hepatocellular carcinomas, whereas colon adenocarcinomas demonstrated gene gains in 5/60 (8.3%) cases referred to chr 6 aneuploidy and not to amplification. ER-a overall expression was associated strongly to ESR1 gene copies only in breast carcinoma (P=0.036). ESR-1 gene overexpression happens frequently in breast cancer, but only a subset of them are high amplified cases correlated to increased response rates in hormonal therapy (tamoxifen). Absence of this mechanism in hepatocellular and colon carcinomas maybe is a negative factor for applying this therapy. This is a pattern of histo-genetic depended targeted therapeutic strategy.

Multi-center study on patient selection for and the oncologic safety of intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) with the Xoft Axxent® eBx® System for the management of early stage breast cancer in Taiwan.

PubMed

Lai, Hung-Wen; Liu, Liang-Chih; Ouyang, Fu; Yao, Chung-Chin; Jan, Hsiang-Chun; Chang, Ya-Herng; Tu, Chi-Wen; Chen, Dar-Ren; Cheng, Tsui-Fen; Tzeng, Yen-Dun; Hsu, Huan-Ming; Yeh, Ming-Hsin; Wu, Yao-Chung; Yang, Po-Sheng; Lam, Hung-Bun; Hou, Ming-Feng; Chen, Fang-Ming

2017-01-01

In this multi-center study, we report the patient selection criteria for and preliminary oncologic outcomes associated with intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) delivered by the Xoft Axxent® eBx® system for early-stage breast cancer in Taiwan. Patients with early breast cancer in Taiwan received breast conserving surgery and received IORT with Xoft Axxent® eBx® System during 2013-2015 was search from database of Taiwan IORT study cooperative group (T-IORTSCG). Patients' clinicopathologic characteristics and early post-operative results were collected and reported. During the study period, 26 hospitals in Taiwan performed a total of 261 Xoft IORT procedures for breast cancer. The mean age of them was 52.9 ± 9.8 years (37-72), and tumor size was 1.5 ± 0.8 cm (0.1-4.2 cm) for invasive cancer and 1.2 ± 0.8 cm (range, 0.2-3.0 cm) for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) lesions. Lymph node metastasis was found in 6 (2.3%) patients. The patients received IORT in Taiwan differed markedly from those used in the ELIOT and TARGIT-A studies. Specifically, patients selected for IORT in Taiwan tended to be younger, their tumors tended to be larger and the prevalence of lymph node metastasis tended to be lower. Among these 261 patients, 8 (3.1%) patients required whole breast radiotherapy. During a mean follow up of 15.6 months, locoregional recurrence was observed in 2 (0.8%) patients. In real world experience, patients received IORT differed quite significantly with criteria formulated by trials. The preliminary results of IORT in Taiwan showed it is well acceptable by patients and clinicians.

Similar outcomes between adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast and invasive ductal carcinoma: a population-based study from the SEER 18 database.

PubMed

Chen, Qing-Xia; Li, Jun-Jing; Wang, Xiao-Xiao; Lin, Pei-Yang; Zhang, Jie; Song, Chuan-Gui; Shao, Zhi-Ming

2017-01-24

Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast (breast-ACC) is a rare and indolent tumor with a good prognosis despite its triple-negative status. However, we observed different outcomes in the present study. Utilizing the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, we enrolled a total of 89,937 eligible patients with an estimated 86 breast-ACC cases and 89,851 invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) patients. In our study, breast-ACC among women presented with a higher proportion of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), which was more likely to feature well-differentiated tumors, rare regional lymph node involvement and greater application of breast-conserving surgery (BCS). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that patients with breast-ACC and breast-IDC patients had similar breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) and overall survival (OS). Moreover, using the propensity score matching method, no significant difference in survival was observed in matched pairs of breast-ACC and breast-IDC patients. Additionally, BCSS and OS did not differ significantly between TNBC-ACC and TNBC-IDC after matching patients for age, tumor size, and nodal status. Further subgroup analysis of molecular subtype indicated improved survival in breast-ACC patients with hormone receptor-positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HR+/Her2-) tumors compared to IDC patients with HR+/Her2- tumors. However, the survival of ACC-TNBC and IDC-TNBC patients was similar. In conclusion, ACCs have an indolent clinical course and result in similar outcomes compared to IDC. Understanding these clinical characteristics and outcomes will endow doctors with evidence to provide the same intensive treatment for ACC-TNBC as for IDC-TNBC and lead to more individualized and tailored therapies for breast-ACC patients.

RHOMBOID DOMAIN CONTAINING 2 (RHBDD2)

PubMed Central

Abba, MC; Lacunza, E; Nunez, MI; Colussi, A; Isla-Larrain, M; Segal-Eiras, A; Croce, MV; Aldaz, CM

2009-01-01

In the course of breast cancer global gene expression studies, we identified an uncharacterized gene known as RHBDD2 (Rhomboid domain containing 2) to be markedly over-expressed in primary tumors from patients with recurrent disease. In this study, we identified RHBDD2 mRNA and protein expression significantly elevated in breast carcinomas compared with normal breast samples as analyzed by SAGE (n=46) and immunohistochemistry (n=213). Interestingly, specimens displaying RHBDD2 over-expression were predominantly advanced stage III breast carcinomas (p=0.001). Western-blot, RT-PCR and cDNA sequencing analyses allowed us to identify two RHBDD2 alternatively spliced mRNA isoforms expressed in breast cancer cell lines. We further investigated the occurrence and frequency of gene amplification and over-expression affecting RHBDD2 in 131 breast samples. RHBDD2 gene amplification was detected in 21% of 98 invasive breast carcinomas analyzed. However, no RHBDD2 amplification was detected in normal breast tissues (n=17) or breast benign lesions (n=16) (p=0.014). Interestingly, siRNA mediated silencing of RHBDD2 expression results in a decrease of MCF7 breast cancer cells proliferation compared with the corresponding controls (p=0.001). In addition, analysis of publicly available gene expression data showed a strong association between high RHBDD2 expression and decreased overall survival (p=0.0023), relapse-free survival (p= 0.0013), and metastasis-free interval (p=0.006) in patients with primary ER-negative breast carcinomas. In conclusion, our findings suggest that RHBDD2 over-expression behaves as an indicator of poor prognosis and may play a role facilitating breast cancer progression. PMID:19616622

Anti-proliferative and apoptosis inducing potential of hydroalcoholic Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch extract on human breast adenocarcinoma cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-Mb-468.

PubMed

Galavi, Hamid Reza; Saravani, Ramin; Shahraki, Ali; Ashtiani, Mojtaba

2016-11-01

Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch contains a variety of components such as flavonoid. The previous studies showed that flavonoid has anti-cancer properties. The aim of the present study was to determine the anti-proliferative and apoptosis-inducing potential of hydroalcoholic Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch extract (HAWE) on MCF-7 and MDA-Mb-468 human breast carcinoma cell lines. The anti-proliferative activity of HAWE was evaluated using MTT, flowcytometry by annexin V/PI double staining, and caspase-3 activity. The results of MTT showed that the ED50 of MCF-7 and MDA-Mb-468 was 25μg/ml of HAWE, 48h after treatment. Flowcytometry by annexin V/PI showed that HAWE induced late apoptosis in MCF-7 and early apoptosis in MDA-Mb-468. In addition, the caspase-3 colorimetric method showed that caspase-3 increased in the MDA-Mb-468 after treatment with HAWE. This study found that the hydroalcoholic extract of Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch induced apoptosis in both the MCF-7 and MDA-Mb-468 human breast carcinoma cell lines.

The Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Pathway in Two Cases with Gastric Metastasis Originating from Breast Carcinoma, One with a Metachronous Primary Gastric Cancer.

PubMed

Gurzu, Simona; Banias, Laura; Bara, Tivadar; Feher, I; Bara, Tivadar; Jung, Ioan

2018-01-01

Metastases to the stomach are extremely rare and the metastatic pathway is not well understood. To present two unusual gastric metastases and a review of the literature regarding the pathway of Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) in the metastatic cells. The clinicopathological aspects of the two cases were presented in the light of the most recent patents. Data about patents were obtained from the online databases PubMed, World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) and Google patents. In the first case, in a 73-year-old female, total gastrectomy was performed for a Gastric Cancer (GC) that was proved to be, based on the immunohistochemical features (positivity for mammaglobin and estrogen receptor and negativity for E-cadherin, β-catenin, CD44 and maspin), a metastasis from an invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast, that was later confirmed. In the second case, a 67-year-old female with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast, which benefited from chemotherapy and mastectomy, presented a metachronous gastric adenocarcinoma with collision-type metastatic breast ductal carcinoma. The aggressiveness of the GC cells was induced through the E-cadherin/maspin pathway, while the CD44-related stem-like properties of the tumor cells induced the aggressiveness of ductal carcinoma. In females with breast cancer, a possible metastasis in the stomach should be taken into account. Maspin and VSIG1 are not involved in breast cancer histogenesis. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling is not involved in the lobular carcinoma progression. The CD44/HER2 positivity in ductal carcinoma cells might indicate high risk of distant metastasis and low response to chemotherapy. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.org.

Rectal metastasis from breast cancer: an interval of 17 years.

PubMed

Amin, Aliasger A; Reddy, Anil; Jha, Madan; Prasad, Kolanu

2011-05-12

Metastasis to gastrointestinal (GI) tract from breast cancer is rare. Commonly affected organ in GI tract is stomach, followed by colon and then rectum. The authors report a case of a 61-year-old woman who had a mastectomy for lobular carcinoma of the breast 17 years ago and was referred to colorectal clinic with increased frequency of stools. Colonoscopy showed a stricture in the rectum, but biopsy was inconclusive. As she was symptomatic, she had a Hartmann's resection 5 months after she initially presented to the clinic. Histopathology of the resected specimen showed it to be metastasis from lobular carcinoma of the breast. Awareness of potential long delays in the presentation of metastatic breast cancer especially lobular carcinoma helps in the earlier diagnosis and clinical management.

Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Is a Promising Target for Enhancing Chemosensitivity of Basal-Like Breast Carcinoma

PubMed Central

Kumar, Alan Prem; Loo, Ser Yue; Shin, Sung Won; Tan, Tuan Zea; Eng, Chon Boon; Singh, Rajeev; Putti, Thomas Choudary; Ong, Chee Wee; Salto-Tellez, Manuel; Goh, Boon Cher; Park, Joo In; Thiery, Jean Paul; Pervaiz, Shazib

2014-01-01

Abstract Aims: Although earlier reports highlighted a tumor suppressor role for manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), recent evidence indicates increased expression in a variety of human cancers including aggressive breast carcinoma. In the present article, we hypothesized that MnSOD expression is significantly amplified in the aggressive breast carcinoma basal subtype, and targeting MnSOD could be an attractive strategy for enhancing chemosensitivity of this highly aggressive breast cancer subtype. Results: Using MDA-MB-231 and BT549 as a model of basal breast cancer cell lines, we show that knockdown of MnSOD decreased the colony-forming ability and sensitized the cells to drug-induced cell death, while drug resistance was associated with increased MnSOD expression. In an attempt to develop a clinically relevant approach to down-regulate MnSOD expression in patients with basal breast carcinoma, we employed activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) to repress MnSOD expression; PPARγ activation significantly reduced MnSOD expression, increased chemosensitivity, and inhibited tumor growth. Moreover, as a proof of concept for the clinical use of PPARγ agonists to decrease MnSOD expression, biopsies derived from breast cancer patients who had received synthetic PPARγ ligands as anti-diabetic therapy had significantly reduced MnSOD expression. Finally, we provide evidence to implicate peroxynitrite as the mechanism involved in the increased sensitivity to chemotherapy induced by MnSOD repression. Innovation and Conclusion: These data provide evidence to link increased MnSOD expression with the aggressive basal breast cancer, and underscore the judicious use of PPARγ ligands for specifically down-regulating MnSOD to increase the chemosensitivity of this subtype of breast carcinoma. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 20, 2326–2346. PMID:23964924

Metastatic gastric carcinoma from breast cancer mimicking primary linitis plastica: A case report.

PubMed

Yagi, Yasumichi; Sasaki, Shozo; Yoshikawa, Akemi; Tsukioka, Yuji; Fukushima, Wataru; Fujimura, Takashi; Hirosawa, Hisashi; Izumi, Ryohei; Saito, Katsuhiko

2015-12-01

Metastases to the gastrointestinal tract rarely occur in breast cancer except in invasive lobular carcinoma. The present study reports a rare case of metastatic gastric cancer from invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast mimicking primary gastric linitis plastica. A 51-year-old premenopausal female, who had a history of partial mastectomy for right breast cancer at the age of 40, was referred to Toyama City Hospital (Toyoma, Japan) for an endoscopic diagnosis of gastric linitis plastica. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) revealed left hydronephrosis, while peritoneal metastasis and malignant ascites were not detected. Chest CT detected a left lung tumor, which had invaded the left upper bronchus. Biopsy specimens were obtained and the histopathological findings on both the gastric tumor and lung tumor demonstrated poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, whereas the histology of the original breast cancer was IDC with a solid-tubular type. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the biopsied specimens of the gastric and lung tumors were positive for estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR) and negative for human epithelial growth factor receptor-2 (HER2). These molecular characteristics indicated the case was metastatic gastric carcinoma from the breast cancer with lung metastasis, since the statuses of ER, PgR and HER2 were concordant with those of the original breast cancer. However, the possibility of primary gastric cancer could not be completely ruled out. Therefore, a total gastrectomy was performed for the purpose of both diagnosis and treatment. Pathological examination of the resected specimen provided a definite diagnosis of multiple metastatic gastric carcinomas from the breast. To the best of our knowledge, metastatic gastric cancer derived from the breast presenting as linitis plastica 11 years following the surgical removal of IDC has not been described previously.

Gastrointestinal metastasis to the breast.

PubMed

Madan, Atul K; Ternovits, Craig; Huber, Samantha A; Pei, Leo A; Jaffe, Bernard M

2002-11-01

Although primary breast cancer is common, metastatic disease to the breast, especially primary gastrointestinal cancer, is rare. Routine pathologic examination may be helpful in determining the true diagnosis, but can be misleading. To determine whether a signet ring carcinoma was a primary malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract metastatic to the breast or vice versa, histochemical analysis was performed for Her-2/NEU, gross cystic disease fluid protein-15, estrogen receptor, progesterone, carcinoembryonic antigen, cytokeratin 7, and cytokeratin 20. Positive staining for carcinoembryonic antigen and cytokeratin 20 (and negative staining for the breast cancer antigens), and the clinical criteria favors the diagnosis of gastrointestinal carcinoma metastatic to the mammary gland. Because the prognosis of therapy for metastatic cancer to the breast differs from that of primary breast cancer, it is imperative that the correct diagnosis be established. Immunohistochemistry for carcinoembryonic antigen and cytokeratin 20 are particularly useful. Metastatic gastrointestinal carcinoma to the breast is a rare lesion but needs to be at least included in the differential diagnosis of breast masses, especially in patients with a history of gastrointestinal cancer.

PI3Kbeta Inhibitor AZD8186 and Docetaxel in Treating Patients Advanced Solid Tumors With PTEN or PIK3CB Mutations That Are Metastatic or Cannot Be Removed by Surgery

ClinicalTrials.gov

2018-05-16

Advanced Malignant Solid Neoplasm; Anatomic Stage III Breast Cancer AJCC v8; Anatomic Stage IIIA Breast Cancer AJCC v8; Anatomic Stage IIIB Breast Cancer AJCC v8; Anatomic Stage IIIC Breast Cancer AJCC v8; Anatomic Stage IV Breast Cancer AJCC v8; Castration-Resistant Prostate Carcinoma; Estrogen Receptor Negative; Estrogen Receptor Positive; HER2/Neu Negative; Metastatic Malignant Solid Neoplasm; Metastatic Prostate Carcinoma; PIK3CB Gene Mutation; Progesterone Receptor Negative; Prognostic Stage III Breast Cancer AJCC v8; Prognostic Stage IIIA Breast Cancer AJCC v8; Prognostic Stage IIIB Breast Cancer AJCC v8; Prognostic Stage IIIC Breast Cancer AJCC v8; Prognostic Stage IV Breast Cancer AJCC v8; PTEN Gene Mutation; PTEN Loss; Stage III Prostate Cancer AJCC v8; Stage IIIA Prostate Cancer AJCC v8; Stage IIIB Prostate Cancer AJCC v8; Stage IIIC Prostate Cancer AJCC v8; Stage IV Prostate Cancer AJCC v8; Stage IVA Prostate Cancer AJCC v8; Stage IVB Prostate Cancer AJCC v8; Triple-Negative Breast Carcinoma; Unresectable Solid Neoplasm

Cell-Matrix Interactions in Breast Carcinoma Invasion.

DTIC Science & Technology

1998-01-01

concentrated in hemidesmosomes, adhesive junctions which connect the basement membrane to the intracellular keratin cytoskeleton. In virtually all...fibronectin receptor contribute to the adhesive abnormalities of transformed fibroblasts by overexpressing this integrin in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells...normal breast epithelium , the integrins expressed in breast carcinoma cells are diffusely distributed over the cell surface (Zutter et al., 1990

Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy: Quantification of Lymphedema Risk Reduction

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-10-01

dimensional internal mammary lymphoscintigraphy: implications for radiation therapy treatment planning for breast carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys...techniques based on conventional photon beams, intensity modulated photon beams and proton beams for therapy of intact breast. Radiother Oncol. Feb...Harris JR. Three-dimensional internal mammary lymphoscintigraphy: implications for radiation therapy treatment planning for breast carcinoma. Int J

A lysosomal pepstatin-insensitive proteinase as a novel biomarker for breast carcinoma.

PubMed

Junaid, M A; Clark, G M; Pullarkat, R K

2000-01-01

Lysosomal proteinases play an important role in the turnover of intracellular proteins, and acidic proteinases such as cathepsin D are known to be increased in breast carcinoma. In the present study the activity of a newly discovered acidic lysosomal pepstatin-insensitive proteinase (CLN2p) was measured in breast tissues by the most sensitive and highly specific assay that we had developed for the diagnosis of late-infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (LINCL) (2). Samples from eight normal subjects undergoing reductive mammoplasty and 200 patients with primary breast carcinoma were analyzed. The results suggest a two- to seventeen-fold higher CLN2p activity in tumors, which was significantly and positively correlated with already known breast cancer biomarkers such as levels of cathepsin D, estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor. These results suggest a diagnostic and prognostic potential for this novel acid proteinase in breast cancer.

Juvenile Papillomatosis (Swiss-Cheese Disease) of Breast in an Adult Male With Sequential Diagnoses of Ipsilateral Intraductal, Invasive, and Widely Metastatic Carcinoma: A Case Report and Review of the Disease in Males.

PubMed

Viswanathan, Kartik; McMillen, Brian; Cheng, Esther; D'Alfonso, Timothy; Patel, Ami; Hoda, Syed A

2017-09-01

Juvenile papillomatosis of the breast (JPB, also known as Swiss cheese disease) is a rare ailment that typically afflicts young females, and presents as a mass-forming lesion. The lesional mass usually comprises multiple cysts and duct stasis, amid a variety of proliferative and nonproliferative epithelial changes. The proliferative changes include papillary hyperplasia, florid hyperplasia, and papillary apocrine hyperplasia. Concurrent carcinoma (either in situ or invasive) is present in approximately 10% of cases at presentation, and subsequent carcinoma (either in situ or invasive) is diagnosed in about 10% of patients. About 20% of patients have a strong family history of breast carcinoma. A total of 10 cases of JPB have been previously reported in males, both children and adults, only one of which, in a 33-year-old, was associated with invasive carcinoma. Here, another case of JPB in a 45-year-old male-one with subsequent sequential diagnoses of ipsilateral intraductal carcinoma, invasive carcinoma, and widely metastatic carcinoma over the course of 15 years-is reported.

Correlation of HER-2 over-expression with clinico-pathological parameters in Tunisian breast carcinoma

PubMed Central

Ayadi, Lobna; Khabir, Abdelmajid; Amouri, Habib; Karray, Sondes; Dammak, Abdallah; Guermazi, Mohamed; Boudawara, Tahya

2008-01-01

Background Breast carcinoma is a disease with a tremendous heterogeneity in its clinical behavior. Newer prognostic factors and predictors of response to therapy are needed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of HER-2, estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) in breast carcinoma and to compare it with other prognostic parameters such as histological type and grade, tumor size, patients' age, and lymph node metastases. Patients and methods This is a retrospective study conducted in the department of pathology at Sfax University Hospital. Confirmed 155 Cases of breast carcinoma were reviewed in the period between January 2000 and December 2004. We used immunohistochemistry to evaluate the expression of HER-2, ER, and PR receptor and Chi-square and Fisher exact test to correlate immunohistochemical findings with prognostic parameters for breast carcinoma such as patients' age, tumor size, histological type, histological grade and lymph node status. Results The mean age of patients was 51.5 years, ranging from 22 to 89 years. 80 (51.6%) of the patients were below 50 years. The percentage of expression of HER-2, ER and PR was 26, 59.4, and 52.3%, respectively. HER-2 was over-expressed (3+) in 18.1% of the cases, was inversely related to ER expression (p = 0.00) and to PR expression (p = 0.048). This over-expression was also associated with a high tumor grade with marginal significance (p = 0.072). A negative correlation was noted between ER and PR expression and SBR grade (p = 0.000) and ER and age (p = 0.002). Conclusion HER-2 over-expression was observed in 18.1% of Tunisian breast carcinoma affecting female patients. This group presents apparently an aggressive form of breast carcinoma with high histological grade and negative ER. PMID:18945339

Virtual Weight Loss Program in Maintaining Weight in African American Breast Cancer Survivors

ClinicalTrials.gov

2018-06-13

Cancer Survivor; Invasive Breast Carcinoma; Stage IA Breast Cancer; Stage IB Breast Cancer; Stage IIA Breast Cancer; Stage IIB Breast Cancer; Stage IIIA Breast Cancer; Stage IIIB Breast Cancer; Stage IIIC Breast Cancer

[Hereditary breast and ovarian cancers].

PubMed

Gevensleben, H; Serçe, N; Büttner, R

2010-10-01

Hereditary factors are responsible for 5-10% of all breast cancers and 10% of all ovarian cancer cases and are predominantly caused by mutations in the high risk genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 (BRCA: breast cancer). Additional moderate and low penetrance gene variants are currently being analyzed via whole genome association studies. Interdisciplinary counseling, quality managed genetic testing and intensified prevention efforts in specialized medical centres are essential for members of high risk families considering the high prevalence of malignant tumors and the early age of onset. Furthermore, the identification of BRCA-deficient carcinomas is of particular clinical interest, especially regarding new specific therapeutic options, e.g. treatment with poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. There are presently no valid surrogate markers verifying the association of BRCA1/BRC2 in tumors. However, breast cancers harboring pathogenic BRCA1 mutations in particular display specific histopathological features.

Fibroadenoma in Axillary Ectopic Breast Tissue Mimicking Lymphadenopathy

PubMed Central

Maheshwari, Ujwala M

2017-01-01

Swellings in the axilla especially in women are always viewed with suspicion owing to a large number of these being associated with breast carcinoma presenting as nodal metastasis. In a country like India, tuberculous lymphadenopathy is also amongst the first differentials. We present a case of a woman with right sided axillary swelling mimicking lymphadenopathy which on Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) turned out to be fibroadenoma of the ectopic breast tissue. This condition is a rare occurrence in Ectopic Breast Tissue (EBT) as opposed to that in the normal breast, the most common pathology affecting ectopic breast being carcinomas. PMID:28511397

Biomarkers in Tissue Samples From Patients With Newly Diagnosed Breast Cancer Treated With Zoledronic Acid

ClinicalTrials.gov

2018-06-01

Estrogen Receptor-positive Breast Cancer; Invasive Ductal Breast Carcinoma; Progesterone Receptor-positive Breast Cancer; Stage IA Breast Cancer; Stage IB Breast Cancer; Stage IIA Breast Cancer; Stage IIB Breast Cancer

Metastasis of breast carcinoma to a primary mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary.

PubMed

Twaalfhoven, F C; Fleuren, G J; Cornelisse, C J; Peters, A A; Trimbos, J B; Hogendoorn, P C

1994-01-01

A case of a patient with breast cancer metastatic within the tumor stroma of a primary ovarian carcinoma is presented. This finding is to the best of our knowledge the first case reported. The encountered diagnostic problems are discussed. A distinct peroperative frozen section diagnosis on the large, cystic, partially necrotic ovarian mass was not possible because of sampling problems. A comparable immunohistochemical staining pattern of cells being CEA negative, OC-125 negative, and HMFG-1 positive was found in both the primary breast tumor and in the solid epithelial parts in the tumor stroma of the left-sided ovarian carcinoma, as well as in the stroma of the right ovary. Immunohistochemical findings in the left-sided epithelial cystic ovarian tumor showed, as expected, apical reactivity with antibodies directed against CEA, whereas OC-125 and HMFG-1 were negative. Ploidy analysis showed that the primary breast carcinoma and the stromal part of left ovarian malignancy had the same aneuploid stemlines (DNA index = 1.18). The epithelial lining of the cystic ovarium carcinoma not showing the presence of metastatic lesion in the stroma showed the presence of a diploid GO,1 population only. These results show that DNA flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry may be helpful in assessing the origin of the malignancies in this unusual double presentation of both metastatic breast cancer and primary ovarian carcinoma.

Confocal fluorescence microscopy to evaluate changes in adipocytes in the tumor microenvironment associated with invasive ductal carcinoma and ductal carcinoma in situ.

PubMed

Dobbs, Jessica L; Shin, Dongsuk; Krishnamurthy, Savitri; Kuerer, Henry; Yang, Wei; Richards-Kortum, Rebecca

2016-09-01

Adipose tissue is a dynamic organ that provides endocrine, inflammatory and angiogenic factors, which can assist breast carcinoma cells with invasion and metastasis. Previous studies have shown that adipocytes adjacent to carcinoma, known as cancer-associated adipocytes, undergo extensive changes that correspond to an "activated phenotype," such as reduced size relative to adipocytes in non-neoplastic breast tissue. Optical imaging provides a tool that can be used to characterize adipocyte morphology and other features of the tumor microenvironment. In this study, we used confocal fluorescence microscopy to acquire images of freshly excised breast tissue stained topically with proflavine. We developed a computerized algorithm to identify and quantitatively measure phenotypic properties of adipocytes located adjacent to and far from normal collagen, ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive ductal carcinoma. Adipocytes were measured in confocal fluorescence images of fresh breast tissue collected from 22 patients. Results show that adipocytes adjacent to neoplastic tissue margins have significantly smaller area compared to adipocytes far from the margins of neoplastic lesions and compared to adipocytes adjacent to non-neoplastic collagenous stroma. These findings suggest that confocal microscopic images can be utilized to evaluate phenotypic properties of adipocytes in breast stroma which may be useful in defining alterations in microenvironment that may aid in the development and progression of neoplastic lesions. © 2016 UICC.

Pigmented Basal cell carcinoma of nipple and areola in a male breast - a case report with review of literature.

PubMed

Kalyani, R; Vani, B R; Srinivas, Murthy V; Veda, P

2014-03-01

Basal cell carcinoma is a common skin cancer worldwide. However basal cell carcinoma of nipple and areola complex is rare, commonly seen in males in elderly age group. The tumor has aggressive behavior with increased tendency for metastasis. We present a case in a 78 year male in the left breast.

Choroidal metastasis from carcinoma of breast detected on F18-FDG PET CT scan: A case report and review of literature.

PubMed

Solav, Shrikant; Bhandari, Ritu; Sowani, Anuradha; Saxena, Sameer

2010-10-01

Intraocular choroidal metastasis is a very rare cause of blindness. Choroidal hemangioma and melanoma are other causes that may mimic the condition. Carcinoma of breast is the most common primary malignancy that accounts for choroidal metastasis in females and carcinoma of lung is the most common cause in males. Other primary neoplasms which can uncommonly metastasize to the choroid are testis, gastrointestinal tract, kidney, thyroid, pancreas, and prostate. Metastatic neoplasm to the eye outnumbers the primary tumors such as retinoblastomas and malignant melanoma. Sonography is usually the initial investigation after fundus examination to look for the architecture of the lesion. However, it lacks in specificity. We present a case of carcinoma of breast that had visual disturbances and wholebody F18-fluorodeoxyglucose, positron emission tomography-computerized tomography (FDG PET CT) revealed a choroidal lesion in addition to cerebral, pulmonary, and skeletal metastases. Choroidal metastasis from carcinoma of lung has been reported previously on FDG PET. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of carcinoma of breast demonstrating choroid metastasis on F18-FDG PET CT scan.

Methylation in promoter regions of PITX2 and RASSF1A genes in association with clinicopathological features in breast cancer patients.

PubMed

Jezkova, Eva; Kajo, Karol; Zubor, Pavol; Grendar, Marian; Malicherova, Bibiana; Mendelova, Andrea; Dokus, Karol; Lasabova, Zora; Plank, Lukas; Danko, Jan

2016-10-15

Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease with very different responses to therapy and different length of survival. In many cases, however, the determination of the stage and histopathological characteristics of breast cancer is insufficient to predict prognosis and response to treatment for the vast heterogeneity of the disease. To understand the molecular signature of subtypes of breast cancer, we attempted to identify the methylation status of key tumour suppressor gene Ras association (RalGDS/AF-6) domain family member 1 isoform a (RASSF1A) and a member of the paired-like homeodomain transcription factor family which functions in left-right asymmetry development (PITX2) and to correlate results with known clinicopathological features of breast cancer. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues of breast carcinomas (n = 149) were used for DNA extraction. DNA was modified by bisulphite conversion. Detection of the methylation level of the genes mentioned above was performed by methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting assay (MS-HRM). Based on MS-HRM results for RASSF1A and PITX2, we subdivided the samples into four groups according to methylation level (≤50 % methylated, >50 % methylated, 100 % methylated and completely unmethylated alleles). All degrees of methylation status for both genes underwent analysis of dependence with known clinicopathological features, and we found significant associations. In 134 of 149 (89.9 %) primary breast carcinomas, the RASSF1A promoter was methylated. Total hypermethylation of PITX2 was observed in 60 of 135 (44.4 %) breast cancer cases. RASSF1A hypermethylation had significant association with increased age (p < 0.05), tumour grade (p < 0.0001) and stage (p < 0.0001) in the 100 % methylated group. There was significant association of PITX2 hypermethylation with tumour grade (p < 0.0001) and stage (p < 0.0001). Association between the methylation level of both investigated genes and tumour type was significant for ductal invasive carcinoma cases only (p < 0.0001). This study shows different levels of heterogeneous methylation acquired by MS-HRM assay of the promoter region of RASSF1A and PITX2 and its relationship with clinicopathological features of 149 breast cancer patients. We noticed that immunohistopathological subtypes of breast cancer contain distinct promoter methylation patterns. All these data suggest that hypermethylation of the CpG island promoters of RASSF1A and PITX2 might play an essential role in the very early stages of breast cancer pathogenesis.

Zoledronic Acid in Aromatase Inhibitor Induced Musculoskeletal Symptoms

ClinicalTrials.gov

2017-10-05

Ductal Carcinoma in Situ; Estrogen Receptor-positive Breast Cancer; Progesterone Receptor-positive Breast Cancer; Stage I Breast Cancer; Stage II Breast Cancer; Stage IIIA Breast Cancer; Stage IIIB Breast Cancer; Stage IIIC Breast Cancer

Radiography of gynecomastia and other disorders of the male breast.

PubMed

Michels, L G; Gold, R H; Arndt, R D

1977-01-01

Mammographic features of 22 pathologically proved cases reflecting disorders of the male breast are described. Two patterns of gynecomastia were observed: a dendritic pattern seen in association with breast enlargement for 6 months or more, and a more florid triangular pattern, seen in association with breast enlargement of recent onset. Male breast carcinoma may be distinguished from gynecomastia by its eccentric location, spiculation, and, in some cases, calcification or involvement of the skin and nipple. Benign conditions simulating carcinoma included a case of drug-induced gynecomastia and a case of inflamed inclusion cyst.

Investigation of recurrent deletion loci specific to conventional renal cell carcinoma by comparative allelotyping in major epithelial carcinomas

PubMed Central

Bhat (Singh), Rashmi R.; Amare (Kadam), Pratibha S.

2012-01-01

Objective: Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) studies were undertaken to investigate the consistently deleted loci/? tumor suppressor gene loci (TSG) on 3p in conventional renal cell carcinoma (cRCC). Materials and Methods: LOH studies were performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using 15 micro satellite markers mapped in region 3p12-p26 on 40 paired cRCC tumors and normal kidney at Stages I-IV. Simultaneously, fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH) studies were performed to investigate the allelic deletion of fragile histidine triad (FHIT). Results: Our studies revealed three affected regions; 3p12.2-p14.1, 3p14.2-p21.1, and 3p24.2-p26.1 with differential frequencies in Group I (Stage I and II) and Group II (Stage III and IV). Incidence for D3S1234 (FHIT locus) and D3S2454 (3p13) was 75% and 83% in Group I and II, respectively. Comparative allelotyping in epithelial malignancies like lung, bladder, and breast tumors revealed LOH (frequency 14–20%) only in breast tumors for D3S2406, D3S1766 (distal to FHIT), and D3S1560 (distal to VHL, Von-Hippal Lindau). FISH using FHIT gene probe revealed deletions in cRCC (88%), breast (30%), and lung tumors (10%) with no deletions in bladder tumors and leukemias, signifying the importance of FHIT in the pathogenesis of tumors of epithelial origin. Conclusion: Our findings suggested FHIT deletion as an early and VHL deletion as an early and/or late event in cRCC. Additionally, studies also disclosed the recurrent deletions of flanking loci to FHIT and VHL in cRCC. The dilemma of interstitial or continuous deletion on 3p needs to be resolved by implementation of latest sensitive molecular techniques that would further help to narrow down search for TSG loci specific to cRCC, other than VHL and FHIT. PMID:22557717

Investigation of recurrent deletion loci specific to conventional renal cell carcinoma by comparative allelotyping in major epithelial carcinomas.

PubMed

Bhat Singh, Rashmi R; Amare Kadam, Pratibha S

2012-01-01

Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) studies were undertaken to investigate the consistently deleted loci/? tumor suppressor gene loci (TSG) on 3p in conventional renal cell carcinoma (cRCC). LOH studies were performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using 15 micro satellite markers mapped in region 3p12-p26 on 40 paired cRCC tumors and normal kidney at Stages I-IV. Simultaneously, fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH) studies were performed to investigate the allelic deletion of fragile histidine triad (FHIT). Our studies revealed three affected regions; 3p12.2-p14.1, 3p14.2-p21.1, and 3p24.2-p26.1 with differential frequencies in Group I (Stage I and II) and Group II (Stage III and IV). Incidence for D3S1234 (FHIT locus) and D3S2454 (3p13) was 75% and 83% in Group I and II, respectively. Comparative allelotyping in epithelial malignancies like lung, bladder, and breast tumors revealed LOH (frequency 14-20%) only in breast tumors for D3S2406, D3S1766 (distal to FHIT), and D3S1560 (distal to VHL, Von-Hippal Lindau). FISH using FHIT gene probe revealed deletions in cRCC (88%), breast (30%), and lung tumors (10%) with no deletions in bladder tumors and leukemias, signifying the importance of FHIT in the pathogenesis of tumors of epithelial origin. Our findings suggested FHIT deletion as an early and VHL deletion as an early and/or late event in cRCC. Additionally, studies also disclosed the recurrent deletions of flanking loci to FHIT and VHL in cRCC. The dilemma of interstitial or continuous deletion on 3p needs to be resolved by implementation of latest sensitive molecular techniques that would further help to narrow down search for TSG loci specific to cRCC, other than VHL and FHIT.

Ectopic Male Breast Cancer: A Case Report

PubMed Central

Samanta, Dipti Rani; Upadhyay, Ashish; Sheet, Saikat; Senapati, Surendra Nath

2015-01-01

Carcinoma of male breast constitutes 1% of total breast malignancy. Carcinoma arising from ectopic breast tissue in male is an extremely rare entity and can be misdiagnosed. Ectopic breast tissue may be supernumerary or aberrant one. Despite morphologic difference, ectopic breast tissue presents characteristics analogous to orthoptic breast in terms of functional and pathologic degeneration. Most of the ectopic breast tissue occurs in thoracic or abdominal portion of milk line. If found in a location outside the milk line, it proves a diagnostic dilemma. We are reporting a case of 60-year-old male who presented with a fixed mass of size 10cm×8cm, in right chest wall infraclavicular area of 6 months duration. Histopathology of the mass revealed invasive duct carcinoma. He had no evidence of malignant or occult primary lesion in the bilateral mammary glands. Due to the paucity of the literature, incidence of ectopic male breast cancer and its management is not well understood. There is high probability of misdiagnosis of this disease. To the best of our knowledge this is the first described case of ectopic male breast cancer in the chest wall, not along the milk line, which is being reported here for documentation. PMID:26436033

Three-dimensional vascular mapping of the breast by using contrast-enhanced MRI: association of unilateral increased vascularity with ipsilateral breast cancer.

PubMed

Orgüç, Şebnem; Başara, Işıl; Coşkun, Teoman; Pekindil, Gökhan

2012-01-01

We aimed to retrospectively compare three-dimensional vascular maps of both breasts obtained by dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and determine the association of one-sided vascular prominence with ipsilateral breast cancer. MRI was performed using gadolinium in 194 cases. Two readers scored vascular density using maximum intensity projections (MIPs). Dynamic fat-saturated T1-weighted gradientecho MIPs were acquired. Two readers evaluated the MIPs, and vessels greater than 2 mm in diameter and longer than 3 cm were counted. The difference in vessel numbers detected in the two breasts determined the score. A total of 54 patients had malignant lesions (prevalence, 28%), including invasive ductal carcinoma (n=40), invasive mixed ductal-lobular carcinoma (n=5), invasive lobular carcinoma (n=3), ductal carcinoma in situ (n=3), mucinous carcinoma (n=1), medullary carcinoma (n=1), and leukemic metastasis (n=1). In 62 patients, there were benign lesions (fibroadenomas, fibrocysts), and four patients had inflammation (granulomatous mastitis in two patients, breast tuberculosis in two patients). There were 78 normal cases. When a difference of at least two vessels was scored as vascular asymmetry, the sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (+LR), and negative (-LR) of unilaterally increased vascularity associated with ipsilateral malignancy were 69%, 92%, 8.72, and 0.34, respectively. When four infection and three post-operative cases with vascular asymmetry were excluded; prevalence, specificity, and +LR increased to 29%, 97%, and 22.8, respectively, with the same sensitivity and -LR. Differences in mean vascularity scores were evaluated with regard to tumor size. T1 and T2 tumors were not significantly different from each other. The mean score of T3 tumors differed significantly from T1 and T2 tumors. MRI vascular mapping is an effective method for determining breast tissue vascularization. Ipsilateral increased vascularity was commonly associated with malignant breast lesions.

Neo-adjuvant Therapy With Anastrozole Plus Pazopanib in Stage II and III ER+ Breast Cancer

ClinicalTrials.gov

2017-03-29

Estrogen Receptor-positive Breast Cancer; Human Epidermal Growth Factor 2 Negative Carcinoma of Breast; Male Breast Cancer; Recurrent Breast Cancer; Stage II Breast Cancer; Stage IIIA Breast Cancer; Stage IIIB Breast Cancer

GATA3 staining in primary cutaneous apocrine cribriform carcinoma: Usefulness to differentiate it from breast cancer metastasis.

PubMed

Llamas-Velasco, Mar; Pérez-Gónzalez, Yosmar C; Daudén, Esteban; Rütten, Arno

2018-05-01

Primary cutaneous apocrine cribriform carcinoma (PCACC) is a rare tumor, clinically appearing as a solitary nodule, mostly involving extremities of females and this lesion usually raises a differential diagnosis with metastatic cribriform carcinomas, especially breast cancer. To study GATA3 expression in a series of 14 primary cutaneous cribriform carcinomas and to test its usefulness to differentiate this tumor from metastatic breast cancer. We retrieved 14 cases with PCACC (each from a different patient) from the files of the authors. Cases were dated from 1994 to 2014. We also evaluated 6 cases of cutaneous breast cancer metastasis RESULTS: No PCACCs expressed GATA3. Breast cancer metastases expressed GATA3 in 100% of our studied cases. Even though GATA3 expression has been reported in many benign and malignant adnexal tumors (mostly of sebaceous, follicular, and apocrine differentiation), as well as in many other neoplasms, GATA3 staining to differentiate PCACC from skin breast cancer metastasis has a high negative predictive value. A positive GATA3 staining in this context should permit one to rule out PCACC with a high level of confidence. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

New generation of electrochemical immunoassay based on polymeric nanoparticles for early detection of breast cancer

PubMed Central

Mouffouk, Fouzi; Aouabdi, Sihem; Al-Hetlani, Entesar; Serrai, Hacene; Alrefae, Tareq; Leo Chen, Liaohai

2017-01-01

Screening and early diagnosis are the key factors for the reduction of mortality rate and treatment cost of cancer. Therefore, sensitive and selective methods that can reveal the low abundance of cancer biomarkers in a biological sample are always desired. Here, we report the development of a novel electrochemical biosensor for early detection of breast cancer by using bioconjugated self-assembled pH-responsive polymeric micelles. The micelles were loaded with ferrocene molecules as “tracers” to specifically target cell surface-associated epithelial mucin (MUC1), a biomarker for breast and other solid carcinoma. The synthesis of target-specific, ferrocene-loaded polymeric micelles was confirmed, and the resulting sensor was capable of detecting the presence of MUC1 in a sample containing about 10 cells/mL. Such a high sensitivity was achieved by maximizing the loading capacity of ferrocene inside the polymeric micelles. Every single event of binding between the antibody and antigen was represented by the signal of hundreds of thousands of ferrocene molecules that were released from the polymeric micelles. This resulted in a significant increase in the intensity of the ferrocene signal detected by cyclic voltammetry. PMID:28450780

Molecular classifications of breast carcinoma with similar terminology and different definitions: are they the same?

PubMed

Tang, Ping; Wang, Jianmin; Bourne, Patria

2008-04-01

There are 4 major molecular classifications in the literature that divide breast carcinoma into basal and nonbasal subtypes, with basal subtypes associated with poor prognosis. Basal subtype is defined as positive for cytokeratin (CK) 5/6, CK14, and/or CK17 in CK classification; negative for ER, PR, and HER2 in triple negative (TN) classification; negative for ER and negative or positive for HER2 in ER/HER2 classification; and positive for CK5/6, CK14, CK17, and/or EGFR; and negative for ER, PR, and HER2 in CK/TN classification. These classifications use similar terminology but different definitions; it is critical to understand the precise relationship between them. We compared these 4 classifications in 195 breast carcinomas and found that (1) the rates of basal subtypes varied from 5% to 36% for ductal carcinoma in situ and 14% to 40% for invasive ductal carcinoma. (2) The rates of basal subtypes varied from 19% to 76% for HG carcinoma and 1% to 7% for NHG carcinoma. (3) The rates of basal subtypes were strongly associated with tumor grades (P < .001) in all classifications and associated with tumor types (in situ versus invasive ductal carcinomas) in TN (P < .001) and CK/TN classifications (P = .035). (4) These classifications were related but not interchangeable (kappa ranges from 0.140 to 0.658 for HG carcinoma and from 0.098 to 0.654 for NHG carcinoma). In conclusion, although these classifications all divide breast carcinoma into basal and nonbasal subtypes, they are not interchangeable. More studies are needed to evaluate to their values in predicting prognosis and guiding individualized therapy.

[Metastatic signet ring cell carcinoma to the breast from stomach].

PubMed

Krichen Makni, S; Abbes, K; Khanfir, A; Frikha, M; Sellami Boudawara, T

2007-09-01

Metastatic tumors in the breast are quite rare and constitute 0.5 to 6% of all breast malignancies. They often occur in a polymetastatic context. The most frequent primitive tumors are lymphoma, leukaemia and malignant melanoma. The gastric origin is seldom reported. We report here the observation of a 40-years woman operated in urgency for an acute abdominal syndrome. A gastric tumor was discovered intraoperatively with ovarian metastasis and peritoneal carcinosis. The pathological examination revealed a gastric signet ring cell carcinoma with an infiltration of the right ovary. Four months later, the patient presented with a lump of the right breast. The histologic examination corresponded to a mammary metastasis by a signet ring cell carcinoma from stomach. The objective of our work is to discuss through this observation the anatomoclinical and evolutionary characteristics of breast metastasis.

Progressive polarity loss and luminal collapse disrupt tissue organization in carcinoma

PubMed Central

Halaoui, Ruba; Rejon, Carlis; Chatterjee, Sudipa June; Szymborski, Joseph; Meterissian, Sarkis; Muller, William J.; Omeroglu, Atilla; McCaffrey, Luke

2017-01-01

Epithelial cancers (carcinoma) account for 80%–90% of all cancers. The development of carcinoma is associated with disrupted epithelial organization and solid ductal structures. The mechanisms underlying the morphological development of carcinoma are poorly understood, but it is thought that loss of cell polarity is an early event. Here we report the characterization of the development of human breast lesions leading to carcinoma. We identified a unique mechanism that generates solid ducts in carcinoma through progressive loss of polarity and collapse of the luminal architecture. This program initiates with asymmetric divisions of polarized cells that generate a stratified epithelium containing both polarized and depolarized cells. Stratified regions form cords that penetrate into the lumen, subdividing it into polarized secondary lumina. The secondary lumina then collapse with a concomitant decrease in RhoA and myosin II activity at the apical membrane and ultimately lose apical–basal polarity. By restoring RhoA activity in mice, ducts maintained lumen and cell polarity. Notably, disrupted tissue architecture through luminal collapse was reversible, and ducts with a lumen were re-established after oncogene suppression in vivo. This reveals a novel and common mechanism that contributes to carcinoma development by progressively disrupting cell and tissue organization. PMID:28887414

GDC-0941 and Cisplatin in Treating Patients With Androgen Receptor-Negative Triple Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer

ClinicalTrials.gov

2017-05-22

Estrogen Receptor Negative Breast Cancer; Human Epidermal Growth Factor 2 Negative Carcinoma of Breast; Triple Negative Breast Cancer; Recurrent Breast Cancer; Stage IV Breast Cancer; Triple-negative Breast Cancer

Analysis of classifiers performance for classification of potential microcalcification

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

M. N., Arun K.; Sheshadri, H. S.

2013-07-01

Breast cancer is a significant public health problem in the world. According to the literature early detection improve breast cancer prognosis. Mammography is a screening tool used for early detection of breast cancer. About 10-30% cases are missed during the routine check as it is difficult for the radiologists to make accurate analysis due to large amount of data. The Microcalcifications (MCs) are considered to be important signs of breast cancer. It has been reported in literature that 30% - 50% of breast cancer detected radio graphically show MCs on mammograms. Histologic examinations report 62% to 79% of breast carcinomas reveals MCs. MC are tiny, vary in size, shape, and distribution, and MC may be closely connected to surrounding tissues. There is a major challenge using the traditional classifiers in the classification of individual potential MCs as the processing of mammograms in appropriate stage generates data sets with an unequal amount of information for both classes (i.e., MC, and Not-MC). Most of the existing state-of-the-art classification approaches are well developed by assuming the underlying training set is evenly distributed. However, they are faced with a severe bias problem when the training set is highly imbalanced in distribution. This paper addresses this issue by using classifiers which handle the imbalanced data sets. In this paper, we also compare the performance of classifiers which are used in the classification of potential MC.

Pertuzumab, Trastuzumab, and Paclitaxel Albumin-Stabilized Nanoparticle Formulation in Treating Patients With HER2-Positive Advanced Breast Cancer

ClinicalTrials.gov

2018-03-15

HER2-positive Breast Cancer; Recurrent Breast Cancer; Stage IIA Breast Cancer; Stage IIB Breast Cancer; Stage IIIA Breast Cancer; Stage IIIB Breast Cancer; Stage IIIC Breast Cancer; Stage IV Breast Cancer; Breast Adenocarcinoma; Inflammatory Breast Carcinoma

Antitumor activity of cryptophycins: effect of infusion time and combination studies.

PubMed

Menon, K; Alvarez, E; Forler, P; Phares, V; Amsrud, T; Shih, C; Al-Awar, R; Teicher, B A

2000-01-01

Cryptophycins are a family of antitubulin antitumor agents. A synthetic cryptophycin derivative (LY355703, CRYPTO 52) is in early clinical evaluation. The effect of infusion time on the antitumor activity of four cryptophycins was assessed in rats bearing the 13762 mammary carcinoma and combination treatment regimens were assessed in nude mice bearing human tumor xenografts. The cryptophycins were prepared in 2% PEG300/8% cremophor/90% normal saline and delivered by jugular vein catheter on days 7, 9 and 11 post tumor implant to 13762 tumor-bearing rats. The cryptophycins prepared in the same formulation were administered by intravenous bolus injection on an alternate day schedule for five doses to human tumor xenograft bearing nude mice. An infusion time of 2 h in the rats increased the tumor growth delay produced by CRYPTO 52 and CRYPTO 55, while increasing the infusion time to 6 h continued to increase the tumor growth delay for CRYPTO 292 and CRYPTO 296. Administering CRYPTO 292 at a higher dose two times was more effective than administering it at a lower dose three times. The tumor growth delays produced by the cryptophycins in the rat 13762 mammary carcinoma were greater than those with cisplatin, doxorubicin, 5-fluorouracil and 5 x 3 Gray and comparable with cyclophosphamide and gemcitabine. Combination studies were carried out in human tumor xenografts including the MX-1 breast carcinoma, the Calu-6 non-small cell lung carcinoma, the H82 small cell lung carcinoma and the SW-2 small cell lung carcinoma. CRYPTO 52 and CRYPTO 55 combined with doxorubicin, paclitaxel and 5-fluorouracil to form highly effective regimens against the human MX-1 breast carcinoma. CRYPTO 52 and CRYPTO 55 were also highly effective against the three lung carcinoma xenografts when combined with the antitumor platinum complexes, cisplatin, carboplatin or oxaliplatin. Cryptophycins represent a promising new class of antitumor agents that may be optimally administered by intravenous infusion and in combination with doxorubicin, paclitaxel and 5-fluorouracil.

Alvespimycin Hydrochloride in Treating Patients With Metastatic or Unresectable Solid Tumors

ClinicalTrials.gov

2013-04-09

Male Breast Cancer; Recurrent Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity; Recurrent Basal Cell Carcinoma of the Lip; Recurrent Breast Cancer; Recurrent Colon Cancer; Recurrent Esthesioneuroblastoma of the Paranasal Sinus and Nasal Cavity; Recurrent Gastric Cancer; Recurrent Inverted Papilloma of the Paranasal Sinus and Nasal Cavity; Recurrent Lymphoepithelioma of the Nasopharynx; Recurrent Lymphoepithelioma of the Oropharynx; Recurrent Melanoma; Recurrent Metastatic Squamous Neck Cancer With Occult Primary; Recurrent Midline Lethal Granuloma of the Paranasal Sinus and Nasal Cavity; Recurrent Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity; Recurrent Ovarian Epithelial Cancer; Recurrent Prostate Cancer; Recurrent Renal Cell Cancer; Recurrent Salivary Gland Cancer; Recurrent Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Hypopharynx; Recurrent Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Larynx; Recurrent Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lip and Oral Cavity; Recurrent Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Nasopharynx; Recurrent Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oropharynx; Recurrent Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Paranasal Sinus and Nasal Cavity; Recurrent Verrucous Carcinoma of the Larynx; Recurrent Verrucous Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity; Stage III Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity; Stage III Basal Cell Carcinoma of the Lip; Stage III Colon Cancer; Stage III Esthesioneuroblastoma of the Paranasal Sinus and Nasal Cavity; Stage III Gastric Cancer; Stage III Inverted Papilloma of the Paranasal Sinus and Nasal Cavity; Stage III Lymphoepithelioma of the Nasopharynx; Stage III Lymphoepithelioma of the Oropharynx; Stage III Melanoma; Stage III Midline Lethal Granuloma of the Paranasal Sinus and Nasal Cavity; Stage III Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity; Stage III Ovarian Epithelial Cancer; Stage III Renal Cell Cancer; Stage III Salivary Gland Cancer; Stage III Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Hypopharynx; Stage III Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Larynx; Stage III Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lip and Oral Cavity; Stage III Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Nasopharynx; Stage III Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oropharynx; Stage III Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Paranasal Sinus and Nasal Cavity; Stage III Verrucous Carcinoma of the Larynx; Stage III Verrucous Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity; Stage IIIB Breast Cancer; Stage IIIC Breast Cancer; Stage IV Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity; Stage IV Basal Cell Carcinoma of the Lip; Stage IV Breast Cancer; Stage IV Colon Cancer; Stage IV Esthesioneuroblastoma of the Paranasal Sinus and Nasal Cavity; Stage IV Gastric Cancer; Stage IV Inverted Papilloma of the Paranasal Sinus and Nasal Cavity; Stage IV Lymphoepithelioma of the Nasopharynx; Stage IV Lymphoepithelioma of the Oropharynx; Stage IV Melanoma; Stage IV Midline Lethal Granuloma of the Paranasal Sinus and Nasal Cavity; Stage IV Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity; Stage IV Ovarian Epithelial Cancer; Stage IV Prostate Cancer; Stage IV Renal Cell Cancer; Stage IV Salivary Gland Cancer; Stage IV Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Hypopharynx; Stage IV Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Larynx; Stage IV Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lip and Oral Cavity; Stage IV Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Nasopharynx; Stage IV Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oropharynx; Stage IV Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Paranasal Sinus and Nasal Cavity; Stage IV Verrucous Carcinoma of the Larynx; Stage IV Verrucous Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity; Unspecified Adult Solid Tumor, Protocol Specific; Untreated Metastatic Squamous Neck Cancer With Occult Primary

Radiation induced esophageal adenocarcinoma in a woman previously treated for breast cancer and renal cell carcinoma.

PubMed

Raissouni, Soundouss; Raissouni, Ferdaous; Rais, Ghizlane; Aitelhaj, Meryem; Lkhoyaali, Siham; Latib, Rachida; Mohtaram, Amina; Rais, Fadoua; Mrabti, Hind; Kabbaj, Nawal; Amrani, Naima; Errihani, Hassan

2012-08-09

Secondary radiation-induced cancers are rare but well-documented as long-term side effects of radiation in large populations of breast cancer survivors. Multiple neoplasms are rare. We report a case of esophageal adenocarcinoma in a patient treated previously for breast cancer and clear cell carcinoma of the kidney. A 56 year-old non smoking woman, with no alcohol intake and no familial history of cancer; followed in the National Institute of Oncology of Rabat Morocco since 1999 for breast carcinoma, presented on consultation on January 2011 with dysphagia. Breast cancer was treated with modified radical mastectomy, 6 courses of chemotherapy based on CMF regimen and radiotherapy to breast, inner mammary chain and to pelvis as castration. Less than a year later, a renal right mass was discovered incidentally. Enlarged nephrectomy realized and showed renal cell carcinoma. A local and metastatic breast cancer recurrence occurred in 2007. Patient had 2 lines of chemotherapy and 2 lines of hormonotherapy with Letrozole and Tamoxifen assuring a stable disease. On January 2011, the patient presented dysphagia. Oesogastric endoscopy showed middle esophagus stenosing mass. Biopsy revealed adenocarcinoma. No evidence of metastasis was noticed on computed tomography and breast disease was controlled. Palliative brachytherapy to esophagus was delivered. Patient presented dysphagia due to progressive disease 4 months later. Jejunostomy was proposed but the patient refused any treatment. She died on July 2011. We present here a multiple neoplasm in a patient with no known family history of cancers. Esophageal carcinoma is most likely induced by radiation. However the presence of a third malignancy suggests the presence of genetic disorders.

Detection of breast cancer with full-field digital mammography and computer-aided detection.

PubMed

The, Juliette S; Schilling, Kathy J; Hoffmeister, Jeffrey W; Friedmann, Euvondia; McGinnis, Ryan; Holcomb, Richard G

2009-02-01

The purpose of this study was to evaluate computer-aided detection (CAD) performance with full-field digital mammography (FFDM). CAD (Second Look, version 7.2) was used to evaluate 123 cases of breast cancer detected with FFDM (Senographe DS). Retrospectively, CAD sensitivity was assessed using breast density, mammographic presentation, histopathology results, and lesion size. To determine the case-based false-positive rate, patients with four standard views per case were included in the study group. Eighteen unilateral mammography examinations with nonstandard views were excluded, resulting in a sample of 105 bilateral cases. CAD detected 115 (94%) of 123 cancer cases: six of six (100%) in fatty breasts, 63 of 66 (95%) in breasts containing scattered fibroglandular densities, 43 of 46 (93%) in heterogeneously dense breasts, and three of five (60%) in extremely dense breasts. CAD detected 93% (41/44) of cancers manifesting as calcifications, 92% (57/62) as masses, and 100% (17/17) as mixed masses and calcifications. CAD detected 94% of the invasive ductal carcinomas (n = 63), 100% of the invasive lobular carcinomas (n = 7), 91% of the other invasive carcinomas (n = 11), and 93% of the ductal carcinomas in situ (n = 42). CAD sensitivity for cancers 1-10 mm (n = 55) was 89%; 11-20 mm (n = 37), 97%; 21-30 mm (n = 16), 100%; and larger than 30 mm (n = 15), 93%. The CAD false-positive rate was 2.3 marks per four-image case. CAD with FFDM showed a high sensitivity in identifying cancers manifesting as calcifications and masses. Sensitivity was maintained in cancers with lower mammographic sensitivity, including invasive lobular carcinomas and small neoplasms (1-20 mm). CAD with FFDM should be effective in assisting radiologists with earlier detection of breast cancer. Future studies are needed to assess CAD accuracy in larger populations.

Likelihood of early detection of breast cancer in relation to false-positive risk in life-time mammographic screening: population-based cohort study.

PubMed

Otten, J D M; Fracheboud, J; den Heeten, G J; Otto, S J; Holland, R; de Koning, H J; Broeders, M J M; Verbeek, A L M

2013-10-01

Women require balanced, high-quality information when making an informed decision on screening benefits and harms before attending biennial mammographic screening. The cumulative risk of a false-positive recall and/or (small) screen-detected or interval cancer over 13 consecutive screening examinations for women aged 50 from the start of screening were estimated using data from the Nijmegen programme, the Netherlands. Women who underwent 13 successive screens in the period 1975-1976 had a 5.3% cumulative chance of a screen-detected cancer, with a 4.2% risk of at least one false-positive recall. The risk of being diagnosed with interval cancer was 3.7%. Two decades later, these estimates were 6.9%, 7.3% and 2.9%, respectively. The chance of detection of a small, favourable invasive breast cancer, anticipating a normal life-expectancy, rose from 2.3% to 3.7%. Extrapolation to digital screening mammography indicates that the proportion of false-positive results will rise to 16%. Dutch women about to participate in the screening programme can be reassured that the chance of false-positive recall in the Netherlands is relatively low. A new screening policy and improved mammography have increased the detection of an early screening carcinoma and lowering the risk of interval carcinoma.

Pigmented Basal Cell Carcinoma of Nipple and Areola in a Male Breast - A Case Report with Review of Literature

PubMed Central

Kalyani, R.; Vani, B. R.; Srinivas, Murthy V.; Veda, P.

2014-01-01

Basal cell carcinoma is a common skin cancer worldwide. However basal cell carcinoma of nipple and areola complex is rare, commonly seen in males in elderly age group. The tumor has aggressive behavior with increased tendency for metastasis. We present a case in a 78 year male in the left breast. PMID:24711752

Alveolar soft part sarcoma presenting as a breast metastasis in a patient with a history of thyroid cancer: a case report

PubMed Central

Bychkov, Andrey; Sampatanukul, Pichet

2015-01-01

Metastases to the breast are uncommon, accounting for 0.5% of breast tumors, and most of them are originated from lymphoma, melanoma and carcinomas of various organs. Alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) is a very rare neoplasm that is usually found in the lower extremities. Lungs are the common site of dissemination and may represent initial manifestation of disease. We report a clinically unsuspected case of ASPS presenting as a breast metastasis in a 25-year-old woman. The patient’s medical history was notable for a thyroid cancer treated by surgery and radioiodine ablation 2 years ago. Core needle biopsy of slowly growing breast mass yielded polygonal cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm arranged into solid pattern. Differential diagnosis between apocrine cell carcinoma, paraganglioma, granular cell tumor, neuroendocrine carcinoma, ASPS and metastatic hepatocellular and renal cell carcinoma was rendered by immunohistochemistry. Strong nuclear TFE3 immunoreactivity confirmed a diagnosis of ASPS. Retrospectively a primary tumor was found in the thigh. Most likely, ASPS and thyroid cancer in the patient were growing synchronously and independently. PMID:26464747

Superior Vena Cava as Gateway to Heart: Metastatic Breast Carcinoma Causing Ball in a Loop Metastasis to Right Atrium.

PubMed

Sandhu, Harpreet Singh; Mahendrakar, Sampath Kumar Mahadevappa; Ladhani, Sulaiman Sadruddin; Khan, Azizullah Hafizullah; Loya, Yunus Shafi

2017-07-01

Breast carcinoma is the most common invasive cancer in women worldwide. It metastasizes commonly to bone, lungs, regional lymph nodes and brain. Cardiac metastasis of lung and breast cancers is a known but rare complication of advanced disease with tumour metastasising to pericardium via the locoregional lymphatic system. Here we present a case of 59-year-old female presenting with right upper limb oedema, facial puffiness and features of Superior Vena Cava (SVC) syndrome 15 years after mastectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy, radiotherapy for carcinoma of the right breast. Further evaluation revealed extensive thrombus invading the right internal jugular vein, subclavian vein, SVC with intraluminal extension into right atrium causing ball in a loop obstruction at tricuspid valve. Whole body Positron emission tomography scan confirmed the diagnosis of extensive metastatic disease and patient was managed on palliative therapy. Haematogenous spread and intraluminal growth of metastatic deposits from breast carcinoma 15 years ago is rare and clinical presentation as SVC obstruction has not been reported in our review of literature.

Veliparib, Paclitaxel, and Carboplatin in Treating Patients With Solid Tumors That Are Metastatic or Cannot Be Removed by Surgery and Liver or Kidney Dysfunction

ClinicalTrials.gov

2017-07-25

Breast Carcinoma; Carcinoma of Unknown Primary Origin; Endometrial Carcinoma; Esophageal Carcinoma; Lung Carcinoma; Malignant Head and Neck Neoplasm; Melanoma; Ovarian Carcinoma; Renal Pelvis and Ureter Urothelial Carcinoma; Testicular Lymphoma

The expression of MCM-2 in invasive breast carcinoma: a stereologic approach.

PubMed

Cobanoglu, Umit; Mungan, Sevdegul; Gundogdu, Cemal; Ersoz, Safak; Ozoran, Yavuz; Aydin, Fazil

2010-01-01

The aim of this study is to examine the expression of MCM-2 and conventional proliferation marker Ki-67 in breast carcinoma by stereologic technique and to compare it with various clinicopathologic parameters. The expression of MCM-2 and Ki-67 on paraffin-embedded tumor tissue sections of patients with invasive breast carcinoma was analyzed immunohistochemically. Stereologic method was used for evaluation of the percentage of positively stained tumor cells. Significant positive correlation was found between the expression of MCM-2 and that of Ki-67 (r = 0.74, p < 0.001). MCM-2 and Ki-67 expression was significantly associated with histologic grade (p < 0.05), and negative correlation was observed between MCM-2 or Ki-67 expression and estrogen status (p < 0.05). No significant association was observed between MCM-2 or Ki-67 expression and patient age, tumor size, lymph node status, clinical stage and menopausal status. Our results suggest that MCM-2 expression is significantly associated with histologic grade of breast carcinoma and with cell proliferation capacity (Ki-67 labelling index). Additional studies are required using the stereologic method to compare and understand the utility of Ki-67 and MCM-2 expression in invasive breast carcinoma (Tab. 1, Fig. 4, Ref. 34). Full Text (Free, PDF) www.bmj.sk.

Typhoid Vaccine in Testing Response to Immune Stress in Patients With Stage I-IIIA Breast Cancer

ClinicalTrials.gov

2017-12-18

Cognitive Side Effects of Cancer Therapy; Depression; Recurrent Breast Carcinoma; Stage IA Breast Cancer; Stage IB Breast Cancer; Stage IIA Breast Cancer; Stage IIB Breast Cancer; Stage IIIA Breast Cancer

[Fibromyalgia syndrome after comprehensive treatment of breast cancer: a case report].

PubMed

Ding, Xia; Li, Yan; Cui, Yiyi; Shen, Yingying; Gu, Jianzhong; Guo, Yong

2016-05-25

Fibromyalgia syndrome after comprehensive treatment of breast cancer is rare and seldom reported. Here we present a case of a 50-year-old female patient,who was admitted to the hospital because of generalized fibromyalgia for 3 months and brain metastasis after the right breast carcinoma surgery for 1 month, and the clinical diagnosis was brain metastasis from breast carcinoma combined with fibromyalgia syndrome. The fibromyalgia were relieved with proper symptomatic treatment but the patient eventually died of tumor progression.

Primary breast leiomyosarcoma and synchronous homolateral lung cancer: a case report

PubMed Central

Meroni, Stefano; Voulaz, Emanuele; Alloisio, Marco; De Sanctis, Rita; Bossi, Paola; Cariboni, Umberto; De Simone, Matilde; Cioffi, Ugo

2017-01-01

Radiological and histological features of breast leiomyosarcoma can mimic a wide variety of other breast lesions, such as mesenchymal tumors, breast lymphomas, poorly differentiated carcinomas and metaplastic breast carcinomas. The authors present the case of a 62-year-old woman with a primary breast leiomyosarcoma with synchronous ipsilateral lung adenocarcinoma. The latter was an incidental finding during pre-surgical staging examinations. Clinicopathological, immunophenotypic and imaging features cancer are described. A brief review of the literature on imaging findings and management of breast leiomyosarcoma is presented. The authors discuss the differential diagnoses in breast imaging and of the extra-mammary incidental findings. Surgical resection remains the cornerstone of treatment, while radiation therapy and chemotherapy remain to be defined on a single-patient basis. PMID:29312765

Breast cancer risk factors and HER2 over-expression in tumors.

PubMed

Swede, H; Moysich, K B; Freudenheim, J L; Quirk, J T; Muti, P C; Hurd, T C; Edge, S B; Winston, J S; Michalek, A M

2001-01-01

Few epidemiologic studies have investigated the potential role of HER2 in the etiology of breast cancer. We conducted a case-case study of 156 women with incident, invasive ductal carcinoma. Multivariate unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios for a HER2 positive tumor in relation to known and putative risk factors of breast cancer. HER2 status was detected by immunohistochemistry on archival tissue. HER2 positive breast cancers tended to be larger and were less likely to express estrogen receptors, and the incidence rate was higher in patients less than 40 years old. We observed an association between a self-reported history of benign breast disease and the occurrence of HER2 positive breast cancer (OR, 2.1;95% CI, 1.1-4.1). We did not detect associations between HER2 over-expression and family history of breast cancer, parity, late age at first birth, ever having breast fed an infant, or oral contraceptive use. Our findings merit consideration in light of recent evidence of HER2 amplification or over-expression in benign breast disease. Should the link to breast cancer be established, HER2 positive benign breast disease could potentially serve as an early marker for preventive intervention.

Intracystic breast carcinoma. An important differential diagnosis in postmenopausal patients presenting with a rapidly growing breast cyst. Management and literature review.

PubMed

Salemis, Nikolaos S

2018-03-16

Intracystic breast carcinoma is a rare clinical entity accounting for 0.5-2% of all breast cancers. It represents a distinctive clinical form rather a histological subtype of breast cancer and can either be in situ or invasive tumor. We herein describe a rare case of intracystic breast carcinoma arising from the wall of a cyst in a postmenopausal patient, who presented with a rapidly growing complex breast cyst. Diagnostic evaluation and management of the patient are discussed along with a review of the literature. Complex breast cysts may represent a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. An underlying malignancy has been reported in 21-31% of the cases. Preoperative diagnosis is challenging. Complex breast cysts with thick wall, thick inner septations, and intracystic solid components should undergo histological evaluation in order to rule out an underlying malignancy. The cytological analysis may be inconclusive. Ultrasound-guided biopsy is the diagnostic modality of choice. The correlation of clinical features, with imaging and histopathological findings is very important for the optimal treatment. In cases of discordance, a complete surgical excision is necessary with careful assessment of the extent of the disease and appropriate treatment.

In situ detection of estrogen receptor dimers in breast carcinoma cells in archival materials using proximity ligation assay (PLA).

PubMed

Iwabuchi, Erina; Miki, Yasuhiro; Ono, Katsuhiko; Onodera, Yoshiaki; Suzuki, Takashi; Hirakawa, Hisashi; Ishida, Takanori; Ohuchi, Noriaki; Sasano, Hironobu

2017-01-01

Estrogen receptor (ER) is required for carcinoma cell proliferation in the great majority of breast cancer and also functions as a dimer. ER dimeric proteins have been largely identified by BRET/FRET analyses but their in situ visualization have not yet been reported. Recently, in situ Proximity Ligation Assay (PLA) has been developed as the methods detecting protein interactions in situ. Therefore, in this study we firstly demonstrated the dimerization of ERα in breast carcinoma cell lines and tissues using PLA. The human breast carcinoma cell lines MCF-7, T-47D and MDA-MB-231 were used in this study. Cells were treated with ER agonist or antagonist and fixed in 4% PFA, and ER dimers were subsequently detected using PLA. The evaluation of ER dimers in breast carcinoma cell lines were quantified by measuring the area of dots localized in the nuclei using image analysis. We also firstly demonstrated the visualization of ER dimer patterns in 10% formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues of breast cancer using PLA technique. Estradiol (E2) administration induced ERα homodimers in the nuclei of MCF-7 and T-47D but not in ER-negative MDA-MB-231. 4-OH tamoxifen also induced ERα homodimers but the subcellular localization of these ERα homodimers was predominant in cytoplasm instead of the nuclei induced by E2 treatment. ICI182,780 treatment did decrease the number of formation of ERα homodimers in MCF-7. In breast cancer patients, ERα PLA score was significantly correlated positively with ERα- or PgR (progesterone receptor) immunohistochemical scores and inversely with Ki-67-labeling index, respectively. We also demonstrated the ERα/β heterodimer as well as ERα homodimers in both breast carcinoma cell lines and surgical pathology specimens. In summary, we did firstly succeed in the visualization of ER dimeric proteins using PLA method. The evaluation of ER dimer patterns could provide pivotal information as to the prediction of response to endocrine therapy of breast cancer patients. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Management of flat epithelial atypia on breast core biopsy may be individualized based on correlation with imaging studies.

PubMed

Calhoun, Benjamin C; Sobel, Amy; White, Richard L; Gromet, Matt; Flippo, Teresa; Sarantou, Terry; Livasy, Chad A

2015-05-01

Flat epithelial atypia of the breast commonly co-exists with atypical ductal hyperplasia, lobular neoplasia, and indolent forms of invasive carcinomas such as tubular carcinoma. Most patients with pure flat epithelial atypia on core biopsy undergo surgical excision to evaluate for carcinoma in the adjacent breast tissue. Studies to date have reported varying upgrade rates with most recommending follow-up excision. These studies have often lacked detailed radiographic correlation, central review by breast pathologists and information regarding the biology of the carcinomas identified upon excision. In this study, we report the frequency of upgrade to invasive carcinoma or ductal carcinoma in situ in excision specimens following a diagnosis of pure flat epithelial atypia on core biopsy. Radiographic correlation is performed for each case and grade/receptor status of detected carcinomas is reported. Seventy-three (73) core biopsies containing pure flat epithelial atypia were identified from our files, meeting inclusion criteria for the study. In the subsequent excision biopsies, five (7%) cases contained invasive carcinoma or ductal carcinoma in situ and seventeen (23%) contained atypical ductal hyperplasia or lobular neoplasia. All of the ductal carcinoma in situ cases with estrogen receptor results were estrogen receptor positive and intermediate grade. The invasive tumors were small (pT1a) hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative, low-grade invasive ductal or tubular carcinomas with negative sentinel lymph-node biopsies. No upgrades were identified in the 14 patients who had all of their calcifications removed by the stereotactic core biopsy. Our rate of upgrade to carcinoma, once cases with discordant imaging are excluded, is at the lower end of the range reported in the literature. Given the low upgrade rate and indolent nature of the carcinomas associated with flat epithelial atypia, case management may be individualized based on clinical and radiographic findings. Excision may not be necessary for patients without remaining calcifications following core biopsy.

Endometrial cancers in mutation carriers from hereditary breast ovarian cancer syndrome kindreds: report from the Creighton University Hereditary Cancer Registry with review of the implications.

PubMed

Casey, Murray Joseph; Bewtra, Chhanda; Lynch, Henry T; Snyder, Carrie L; Stacey, Mark

2015-05-01

The aim of this study was to categorize and report endometrial cancers in mutation carriers from hereditary breast ovarian cancer families. Our Hereditary Cancer Registry was searched for gynecologic and peritoneal cancers linked to mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2. Invasive cancers were registered in 101 mutation carriers with complete pathology reports. Efforts were made to secure diagnostic surgical pathology tissues for review. All records and available diagnostic slides were meticulously studied, and primary cancers were classified. Eight malignancies were classified as primary endometrial cancers. Five of these were low- or intermediate-grade endometrioid carcinomas, and 3 were pure serous carcinomas or contained serous carcinoma elements mixed with high-grade endometrioid carcinoma. Breast cancers were diagnosed in 5 patients before and in 1 patient after endometrial carcinoma. Three endometrioid carcinomas were preceded by estrogen treatment, 2 for many years and the other for only 2 months, and 2 of the patients with serous carcinoma had been treated with tamoxifen. The finding that 8 of gynecologic and peritoneal cancers in 101 mutation carriers were endometrial cancers with a smaller proportion of endometrioid carcinomas than reported in general populations is added to the current controversial literature on endometrial cancer, particularly regarding serous carcinomas, in hereditary breast ovarian cancer syndrome. Well-designed prospective programs for standardized surgical and pathologic handling, processing, and reporting are essential for working out the pathogenesis, true risks, and best management of this disease in carriers of deleterious BRCA1 and BRCA2 germline mutations.

Breast as an unusual site of metastasis- series of 3 cases and review of literature.

PubMed

Hebbar, Ashwin K; Shashidhar, K; S, Krishna Murthy; Kumar, Veerendra; Arjunan, Ravi

2014-09-01

Background and objectives Metastasis to the breast from extra mammary sites is uncommon with an incidence ranging from 1.2 to 2 % in clinical reports. Approximately 300 cases of breast metastasis from extra mammary sites have been reported, mostly in small series or as a single case report. Gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma metastasising to the breast is also very rare and only 30 cases have been reported in the literature. Metastatic deposits within the breast may be difficult to distinguish from primary breast carcinoma. Radiological features and immunohistochemistry especially for steroid hormone receptors (ER/PR) and expression of gross cystic disease fluid protein (GCDFP) and presence of other immunohistochemistry protein factors in breast metastasis which are specific to primary site may be helpful in differentiating these two conditions. Materials and methods In this series of 3 cases of breast as an unusual site of metastasis, we present different cases of adenocarcinoma of stomach, sigmoid colon and kidney with metastasis to the breast and discuss the differential diagnosis and management plans. Conclusion In conclusion, secondary tumors to the breast are rare and thus differentiating primary tumors from metastatic breast carcinoma is important for rational and optimum therapy and avoidance of unnecessary radical surgery. Palpable breast lump without typical radiological signs of primary breast carcinoma in patients with known primary should be suspected of representing metastasis.

Genome-wide allelotyping of a new in vitro model system reveals early events in breast cancer progression.

PubMed

Li, Zheng; Meng, Zhen Hang; Sayeed, Aejaz; Shalaby, Refaat; Ljung, Britt-Marie; Dairkee, Shanaz H

2002-10-15

Toward the goal of identifying early genetic losses, which mediate the release of human breast epithelium from replicative suppression leading to cellular immortalization, we have used a newly developed in vitro model system. This system consists of epithelial cultures derived from noncancerous breast tissue, treated with the chemical carcinogen N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea, and continuously passaged to yield cell populations culminating in the immortal phenotype. Genome-wide allelotyping of early passage N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea-exposed cell populations revealed aberrations at >10% (18 of 169) loci examined. Allelic losses encompassing chromosomes 6q24-6q27, implicating immortalization-associated candidate genes, hZAC and SEN6, occurred in two independently derived cell lines before the Hayflick limit. Additional LOH sites were present in one cell line at 3p11-3p26, 11p15, and 20p12-13. Allelic losses reported in this cell line preceded detectable levels of telomerase activity and the occurrence of p53-related aberrations. Information gained from the search for early immortalization-associated genetic deletions in cultured cells was applied in a novel approach toward the analysis of morphologically normal terminal ductal lobular units microdissected from 20 cases of ductal carcinoma in situ. Notably, clonal allelic losses at chromosome 3p24 and 6q24 were an early occurrence in adjoining terminal ductal lobular units of a proportion of primary tumors, which displayed loss of heterozygosity (3 of 11 and 3 of 6, respectively). The biological insights provided by the new model system reported here strongly suggest that early allelic losses delineated in immortalized cultures and validated in vivo could serve as surrogate endpoints to assist in the identification and intervention of high-risk benign breast tissue, which sustains the potential for continuous proliferation.

Uroplakin II (UPII), GATA3, and p40 are Highly Sensitive Markers for the Differential Diagnosis of Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma.

PubMed

Hoang, Laura L; Tacha, David; Bremer, Ryan E; Haas, Thomas S; Cheng, Liang

2015-01-01

Distinguishing between invasive urothelial carcinoma from other genitourinary lesions such as prostatic and renal carcinomas can be difficult, and may require highly sensitive immunohistochemical markers. GATA-binding protein 3 (GATA3) has been reported in a high percentage of urothelial and breast carcinomas. Mouse monoclonal uroplakin II (UPII) and p40 antibodies have recently been developed and demonstrated high specificity in urothelial carcinoma. This study evaluated the immunohistochemical staining sensitivities of UPII, GATA3, p40, and p63 in the detection of invasive urothelial carcinoma. UPII, GATA3, and p40 were further tested for specificity in lung, breast, colon, kidney, and prostate cancers. In all invasive urothelial carcinoma cases, UPII, GATA3, p40, and p63 exhibited sensitivities of 77.7%, 83.5%, 85.4%, and 80.6%, respectively. The combination of UPII, GATA3, and p40 antibodies stained 94.2% (97/103) of all invasive urothelial carcinoma cases, including 92.2% (71/77) of grade 2-3 urothelial carcinomas. In addition, GATA3 and UPII showed negative staining in lung squamous cell carcinomas and p40 showed negative staining in breast infiltrating ductal carcinomas. The combination of UPII, GATA3, and p40 showed negative staining in lung adenocarcinoma, colon adenocarcinoma, and renal carcinomas. In conclusion, UPII, GATA3, and p40, when used in combination, are highly sensitive in the differential diagnosis of invasive urothelial carcinoma.

Analysis of framelets for breast cancer diagnosis.

PubMed

Thivya, K S; Sakthivel, P; Venkata Sai, P M

2016-01-01

Breast cancer is the second threatening tumor among the women. The effective way of reducing breast cancer is its early detection which helps to improve the diagnosing process. Digital mammography plays a significant role in mammogram screening at earlier stage of breast carcinoma. Even though, it is very difficult to find accurate abnormality in prevalent screening by radiologists. But the possibility of precise breast cancer screening is encouraged by predicting the accurate type of abnormality through Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) systems. The two most important indicators of breast malignancy are microcalcifications and masses. In this study, framelet transform, a multiresolutional analysis is investigated for the classification of the above mentioned two indicators. The statistical and co-occurrence features are extracted from the framelet decomposed mammograms with different resolution levels and support vector machine is employed for classification with k-fold cross validation. This system achieves 94.82% and 100% accuracy in normal/abnormal classification (stage I) and benign/malignant classification (stage II) of mass classification system and 98.57% and 100% for microcalcification system when using the MIAS database.

Alisertib With or Without Fulvestrant in Treating Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic, Endocrine-Resistant Breast Cancer

ClinicalTrials.gov

2018-04-03

Estrogen Receptor Status; HER2/Neu Negative; Invasive Breast Carcinoma; Postmenopausal; Stage III Breast Cancer; Stage IIIA Breast Cancer; Stage IIIB Breast Cancer; Stage IIIC Breast Cancer; Stage IV Breast Cancer

KeraStat Skin Therapy in Treating Radiation Dermatitis in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Stage 0-IIIA Breast Cancer

ClinicalTrials.gov

2017-05-25

Ductal Breast Carcinoma in Situ; Skin Reactions Secondary to Radiation Therapy; Stage IA Breast Cancer; Stage IB Breast Cancer; Stage IIA Breast Cancer; Stage IIB Breast Cancer; Stage IIIA Breast Cancer

Questionnaires in Identifying Upper Extremity Function and Quality of Life After Treatment in Patients With Breast Cancer

ClinicalTrials.gov

2017-04-11

Musculoskeletal Complication; Recurrent Breast Carcinoma; Stage IA Breast Cancer; Stage IB Breast Cancer; Stage IIA Breast Cancer; Stage IIB Breast Cancer; Stage IIIA Breast Cancer; Stage IIIB Breast Cancer; Stage IIIC Breast Cancer; Stage IV Breast Cancer; Therapy-Related Toxicity

[Silicone in autoimmune diseases and cancer].

PubMed

Elejabeitia, J

1999-01-01

In 1992 the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced the restriction of silicone gel-filled breast implants until research protocol studies evaluate the relationship of silicone to connective tissue diseases, and the association of the silicone implants with breast carcinoma. Since them comprehensive epidemiologic studies have concluded that there is no connection between breast implants and the known connective tissue diseases or between the implants and breast carcinoma. During the same year, The American College of Rheumatology said that it have not been demonstrated the relationship between silicone gel breast implants and any systemic disease. Although this, the FDA restriction continues.

Unilateral proptosis as the initial manifestation of malignancy.

PubMed

Rakul Nambiar, K; Ajith, P S; Arjunan, Asha

2017-09-01

Proptosis, a common sign with a broad differential diagnosis, is defined as anterior displacement and protrusion of one or both orbital globes. Patients can present with varying degrees of chronicity, visual loss and associated symptoms. The etiology of acquired unilateral proptosis is diverse, ranging from benign to life-threatening. The causes of unilateral proptosis include traumatic, vascular, endocrine, inflammatory, infective and malignant. Breast carcinoma is the most common metastatic cause of proptosis; however, proptosis has never been reported as the initial manifestation of breast carcinoma. Our patient presented with unilateral proptosis secondary to an intraorbital lesion and histopathology of orbital lesion was suggestive of metastatic breast adenocarcinoma. She was later diagnosed to have primary breast carcinoma. We present this unusual case of a 56-year-old woman who presented with proptosis as the initial manifestation of a metastatic breast malignancy. Copyright © 2017 National Cancer Institute, Cairo University. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

p16(INK4a) promoter methylation and protein expression in breast fibroadenoma and carcinoma.

PubMed

Di Vinci, Angela; Perdelli, Luisa; Banelli, Barbara; Salvi, Sandra; Casciano, Ida; Gelvi, Ilaria; Allemanni, Giorgio; Margallo, Edoardo; Gatteschi, Beatrice; Romani, Massimo

2005-04-10

The potential role of p16(INK4a) methylation in breast cancer is controversial whereas there are no data on fibroadenoma. To assess if inactivation of p16(INK4a) by promoter hypermethylation occurs in this hyperproliferative benign breast lesion or, on the contrary, it is strictly related to the carcinogenic process, we have tested the different histological components of 15 cases of fibroadenoma and the intraductal and infiltrating components of 15 cases of carcinoma and their adjacent non-tumoral epithelium. All samples were obtained by laser-assisted microdissection. The relationship between promoter methylation status, immunohistochemical protein expression and ki67 proliferative activity was evaluated for each lesion. Our data demonstrate that hypermethylation of p16(INK4a) promoter is a common event occurring at similar frequency in all the different histological areas of the benign and malignant breast lesions taken into exam. Conversely, protein p16 expression, although heterogeneously distributed within the section, is considerably higher in breast carcinoma as compared to fibroadenoma in both tumoral and non-tumoral epithelia and stroma. The protein localization was almost exclusively nuclear in fibroadenoma and non-tumoral epithelia whereas, in carcinoma, the staining was both nuclear and cytoplasmic or cytoplasmic alone. Furthermore, in a subset of fibroadenoma with higher proliferative activity, p16 protein expression was substantially decreased as compared to those showing lower proliferation. We did not observe this association in carcinomas. Our data demonstrate that the hypermethylation of the p16(INK4a) promoter is not specifically associated with malignancy and that, on the contrary, the overexpression of p16 and its cytoplasmic sequestration is a feature of breast carcinoma. (c) 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Migraine in post-menopausal women and the risk of invasive breast cancer

PubMed Central

Mathes, Robert W.; Malone, Kathleen E.; Daling, Janet R.; Davis, Scott; Lucas, Sylvia M.; Porter, Peggy L.; Li, Christopher I.

2009-01-01

Background The frequency of migraine headache changes at various times of a woman's reproductive cycle. Menarche, menses, pregnancy, and perimenopause may carry a different migraine risk conceivably because of fluctuating estrogen levels, and in general migraine frequency is associated with falling estrogen levels. Given the strong relationship between endogenous estrogen levels and breast cancer risk, migraine sufferers may experience a reduced risk of breast cancer. Methods We combined data from two population-based case-control studies to examine the relationship between migraine and risk of postmenopausal invasive breast cancer among 1,199 ductal carcinoma cases, 739 lobular carcinoma cases, and 1,474 controls 55-79 years of age. Polytomous logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals; all statistical tests were 2-sided. Results Women who reported a clinical diagnosis of migraine had reduced risks of ductal carcinoma (IDC) [odds ratio (OR): 0.67, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.54-0.82] and lobular carcinoma (ILC) (OR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.52-0.90). These associations were primarily limited to hormone receptor positive tumors as migraine was associated with a 0.65-fold (95% CI: 0.51-0.83) reduced risk of estrogen receptor (ER) positive/progesterone receptor (PR) positive ductal carcinoma. The reductions in risk observed were seen among migraine sufferers who did and did not use prescription medications for their migraines. Conclusions These data suggest a history of migraine is associated with a decreased risk of breast cancer, particularly among ER+/PR+ ductal and lobular carcinomas. Because this is the first study to address an association between migraine history and breast cancer risk, additional studies are needed to confirm this finding. PMID:18990752

Lower and reduced expression of EphA4 is associated with advanced TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, and poor survival in breast carcinoma.

PubMed

Sun, Yuejun; Qian, Jianzhong; Lu, Min; Xu, Hongming

2016-09-01

The expression of EphA4 has been well documented in the development of nerve and in certain types of human cancer. Few studies of EphA4, however, have focused on breast carcinoma. In this study, a set of breast carcinomas was subjected to immunohistochemical staining. In normal luminal cells, EphA4 was weakly detected in 11 (14.3 %), moderately detected in 15 (19.5 %) and highly detected in 51 out of 77 (66.2 %) samples, while in breast carcinoma cells, EphA4 was weakly detected in 42 (54.5 %), moderately detected in 19 (24.7 %) and highly detected in 16 out of 77 (20.8 %) samples (P < 0.001). The expression of EphA4 protein was significantly reduced in 68.8 % of breast carcinoma samples comparing with normal cells. The expression of EphA4 was significantly associated with tumor grade (P = 0.003), TNM stage (P = 0.034), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.034) and Ki-67 (P < 0.001). No significant relationship was found between the expression of EphA4 and age, molecular subtypes, and HER2 status. Survival analysis showed that significant association of low expression of EphA4 in tumor cells with short overall survival (P = 0.048) and disease-free survival (P = 0.051). Our data show that EphA4 was reduced in breast carcinoma, which is associated with high grade, advanced TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, and poor outcome of patients. © 2016 Japanese Society of Pathology and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.

Endometrial thickness and risk of breast and endometrial carcinomas in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial

PubMed Central

Felix, Ashley S.; Weissfeld, Joel L.; Pfeiffer, Ruth M.; Modugno, Francesmary; Black, Amanda; Hill, Lyndon M.; Martin, Jerry; Sit, Anita S.; Sherman, Mark E.; Brinton, Louise A.

2013-01-01

Postmenopausal women with higher circulating estrogen levels are at increased risk of developing breast and endometrial carcinomas. In the endometrium, excess estrogen relative to progesterone produces a net proliferative stimulus, which may result in endometrial thickening. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that endometrial thickness is a biological marker of excess estrogen stimulation that is associated with risk of breast and endometrial carcinomas. Endometrial thickness was measured in 1,272 postmenopausal women, aged 55–74, who underwent transvaginal ultrasound (TVU) screening as part of the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial. Serial endometrial thickness measurements were available for a subset of women at one (n=1,018), two (n=869) and three years (n=641) after baseline. We evaluated associations between endometrial thickness and breast (n=91) and endometrial (n=14) carcinoma by estimating relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using Cox proportional hazards regression with age as the time metric. Models incorporating baseline endometrial thickness and as a time-varying covariate using all measurements were examined. Median follow-up among study participants was 12.5 years (range: 0.3–13.8 years). Compared to baseline endometrial thickness of 1.0 – 2.99 mm, women with baseline endometrial thickness greater than or equal to 5.0 mm had an increased risk of breast (RR: 2.00, 95% CI 1.15, 3.48) and endometrial (RR: 5.02, 95% CI 0.96, 26.36) carcinomas in models adjusted for menopausal hormone use and BMI. Our data suggest that increased endometrial thickness as assessed by TVU was associated with increased risk of breast and endometrial carcinomas. PMID:23907658

Status of estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) gene in mastopathy predicts subsequent development of breast cancer.

PubMed

Soysal, Savas D; Kilic, Incken B; Regenbrecht, Christian R A; Schneider, Sandra; Muenst, Simone; Kilic, Nerbil; Güth, Uwe; Dietel, Manfred; Terracciano, Luigi M; Kilic, Ergin

2015-06-01

Mastopathy is a common disease of the breast likely associated with elevated estrogen levels and a putative risk factor for breast cancer. The role of estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) in mastopathy has not been investigated previously. Here, we investigated the prevalence of ESR1 gene amplification in mastopathy and its prediction for breast cancer. Paraffin-embedded tissues from 58 women with invasive breast cancer were analyzed. For all women, tissues with mastopathy taken at least 1.5 years before first diagnosis of breast cancer were available. Tissue from 46 women with mastopathy without a diagnosis of breast carcinoma in the observed time frame (12-18 years) was used as control. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis revealed that ESR1 was amplified in nine of 58 (15.5 %) breast cancers. All ESR1-amplified breast cancers were strongly positive for estrogen receptor with ER immunohistochemistry. Interestingly, in women with ESR1 amplification in breast cancer, the amplification was detectable in mastopathic tissues prior to the first diagnosis of breast cancer but was absent in tissues from women with mastopathy who did not develop breast cancer. Our study suggests that ESR1 gene amplification is an early event in breast pathology and might be a helpful predictive marker to identify patients at high risk of developing breast cancer.

Interactive Gentle Yoga in Improving Quality of Life in Patients With Stage I-III Breast Cancer Undergoing Radiation Therapy

ClinicalTrials.gov

2017-07-28

Anxiety Disorder; Depression; Ductal Breast Carcinoma in Situ; Fatigue; Stage IA Breast Cancer; Stage IB Breast Cancer; Stage II Breast Cancer; Stage IIIA Breast Cancer; Stage IIIB Breast Cancer; Stage IIIC Breast Cancer

Breast cancer with synchronous massive metastasis in the uterine cervix: a case report and review of the literature.

PubMed

Bogliolo, Stefano; Morotti, Matteo; Valenzano Menada, Mario; Fulcheri, Ezio; Musizzano, Yuri; Casabona, Federico

2010-04-01

Metastatic breast cancer is rare in the female genital tract, and when present it more commonly tends to involve ovary or endometrium; uterine cervix is only occasionally involved. This condition poses differential diagnostic problems in the settings of clinical and pathological investigations. An asymptomatic 78-year-old woman came to our attention in the context of routine gynecological surveillance; clinical examination disclosed enlarged uterine body and cervix. Our patient then underwent computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging that outlined the possibility of cervical cancer with parametrial involvement. Moreover, a suspect mass was found on the mammogram in the left breast. Breast surgical excision was performed, which revealed invasive breast carcinoma, while synchronous cervical biopsy discovered distant metastasis in the uterine cervix. On histological examination, both lesions showed non-cohesive architectural pattern consistent with lobular morphology; anyway, to rule out primary poorly differentiated cervical cancer, appropriate immunohistochemical panel was performed, which confirmed the mammary derivation of the tumor. Due to disseminate disease, the patient underwent multisystemic medical treatment including radiotherapy, chemotherapy and hormone therapy, and she is still alive at 30-month follow-up. Genital tract metastases in patients with known breast carcinoma can present with abnormal vaginal bleeding, but they often are asymptomatic. Therefore, only strict gynecological surveillance of these patients can permit early detection of these secondary lesions. Aggressive treatment of isolated cervical metastasis should be performed when feasible; otherwise, systemic chemotherapy with taxane could be sufficient in increasing survival. It should be emphasized that, in most cases, only accurate immunohistochemical investigation, particularly if performed on the primary lesion as well, can solve differential diagnostic problems and allow the clinician to establish appropriate treatment.

Retrospective and comparative analysis of (99m)Tc-Sestamibi breast specific gamma imaging versus mammography, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging for the detection of breast cancer in Chinese women.

PubMed

Yu, Xiuyan; Hu, Guoming; Zhang, Zhigang; Qiu, Fuming; Shao, Xuan; Wang, Xiaochen; Zhan, Hongwei; Chen, Yiding; Deng, Yongchuan; Huang, Jian

2016-07-11

Diagnosing breast cancer during the early stage may be helpful for decreasing cancer-related mortality. In Western developed countries, mammographies have been the gold standard for breast cancer detection. However, Chinese women usually have denser and smaller-sized breasts compared to Caucasian women, which decreases the diagnostic accuracy of mammography. However, breast specific gamma imaging, a type of molecular functional breast imaging, has been used for the accurate diagnosis of breast cancer and is not influenced by breast density. Our objective was to analyze the breast specific gamma imaging (BSGI) diagnostic value for Chinese women. During a 2-year period, 357 women were diagnosed and treated at our oncology department and received BSGI in addition to mammography (MMG), ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for diagnostic assessment. We investigated the sensitivity and specificity of each method of detection and compared the biological profiles of the four imaging methods. A total of 357 women received a final surgical pathology diagnosis, with 168 malignant diseases (58.5 %) and 119 benign diseases (41.5 %). Of these, 166 underwent the four imaging tests preoperatively. The sensitivity of BSGI was 80.35 and 82.14 % by US, 75.6 % by MMG, and 94.06 % by MRI. Furthermore, the breast cancer diagnosis specificity of BSGI was high (83.19 % vs. 77.31 % vs. 66.39 % vs. 67.69 %, respectively). The BSGI diagnostic sensitivity for mammographic breast density in women was superior to mammography and more sensitive for non-luminal A subtypes (luminal A vs. non-luminal A, 68.63 % vs. 88.30 %). BSGI may help improve the ability to diagnose early stage breast cancer for Chinese women, particularly for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), mammographic breast density and non-luminal A breast cancer.

Basal Cell Carcinoma Arising in a Breast Augmentation Scar.

PubMed

Edwards, Lisa R; Cresce, Nicole D; Russell, Mark A

2017-04-01

We report a case of a 46-year-old female who presented with a persistent lesion on the inferior right breast. The lesion was located within the scar from a breast augmentation procedure 12 years ago. The lesion had been treated as several conditions with no improvement. Biopsy revealed a superficial and nodular basal cell carcinoma, and the lesion was successfully removed with Mohs micrographic surgery. Basal cell carcinoma arising in a surgical scar is exceedingly rare with only 13 reported cases to date. This is the first reported case of basal cell carcinoma arising in a breast augmentation scar. We emphasize the importance of biopsy for suspicious lesions or those refractory to treatment, particularly those lesions that form within a scar. Level of Evidence V This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Vaccine Therapy and Pembrolizumab in Treating Patients With Solid Tumors That Have Failed Prior Therapy

ClinicalTrials.gov

2018-06-01

Adult Solid Neoplasm; Bladder Carcinoma; Colon Carcinoma; Estrogen Receptor Negative; Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma; Hepatocellular Carcinoma; HER2/Neu Negative; Melanoma; Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma; Pancreatic Carcinoma; Progesterone Receptor Negative; Rectal Carcinoma; Renal Cell Carcinoma; Soft Tissue Sarcoma; Triple-Negative Breast Carcinoma; TP53 Gene Mutation; Unresectable Solid Neoplasm

Akt Inhibitor MK-2206 and Anastrozole With or Without Goserelin Acetate in Treating Patients With Stage II-III Breast Cancer

ClinicalTrials.gov

2018-04-06

Estrogen Receptor Positive; HER2/Neu Negative; Recurrent Breast Carcinoma; Stage IIA Breast Cancer; Stage IIB Breast Cancer; Stage IIIA Breast Cancer; Stage IIIB Breast Cancer; Stage IIIC Breast Cancer

The use of magnetic resonance mammography in women at increased risk for developing breast cancer

PubMed Central

Popiela, Tadeusz J.; Herman-Sucharska, Izabela; Urbanik, Andrzej

2012-01-01

Introduction The use of conventional imaging techniques, namely mammography (MMG) and ultrasound (US), for breast cancer (BC) detection in women at high risk for the disease does not bring optimal results in many cases. Aim The present study evaluated the effectiveness of magnetic resonance (MR) mammography (MRM) in cases where US and MMG failed to detect suspected breast lesions. Material and methods The study group consisted of 379 women who had had no breast pathologies detected by US and MMG. This group was then divided into 4 groups according to the relative risk of breast cancer development. All the women underwent MRM, and any breast pathology detected by MRM was then verified by open surgical biopsy (OSB). Results Based on the MRM findings, 37 women with breast pathologies were identified. All detected pathologies were then classified into one of the BIRADS (Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System) categories. Of these, 33 patients underwent open surgical biopsy. There were a total of 17 benign and 16 malignant breast pathologies that were not visualized by US and MMG. The types of malignancies found, in order of their frequency, were as follows: invasive ductal carcinoma (11 cases), ductal carcinoma in situ (2 cases), invasive lobular carcinoma (2 cases), and lobular carcinoma in situ (1 case). An analysis of MRM effectiveness in detecting BC showed 93.7% sensitivity and 64.71% specificity. Conclusions All women with a 20% or greater lifetime risk of developing BC should undergo annual MRM as a diagnostic adjunct to US and MMG. PMID:23630555

Systematic Characterization of the Molecular Mechanisms That Regulate and Mediate Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres in Breast Carcinoma

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-04-01

von Werder A, Opitz OG (2013) Inhibition of telomerase induces alternative lengthening of telomeres during human esophageal carcinogenesis. Cancer ...MIDDLE DN 16 -0.79292 KANG DOXORUBICIN RESISTANCE UP 47 -0.78178 AMUNDSON GAMMA RADIATION RESPONSE 34 -0.77391 FINETTI BREAST CANCER KINOME RED 14...Telomeres in Breast Carcinoma PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Yaara Zwang CONTRACTING ORGANIZATION: Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Boston, MA 02115-6013

The distribution of lectin receptor sites in human breast lesions.

PubMed

Skutelsky, E; Hoenig, S; Griffel, B; Alroy, J

1988-08-01

Conflicting data regarding the status of A, B, H and T antigens in epithelium of normal, mastopathies, fibroadenomas and carcinomas of the breast stimulated us to re-examine the carbohydrate residues in these condition. Currently, we extended the number of carbohydrate residues studied by using ten different biotinylated lectins as probes and avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) as a visualant. In addition, the pattern of lectin staining of cancerous cells in primary and metastatic sites was compared. In primary and metastatic breast carcinomas, lectin receptor sites were stained more intensely with Concanavalia ensiformi agglutinin (*Con A), Ricinus communis agglutinin-I (RCA-I) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), than in normal breast, in mastopathies or in fibroadenomas. Cryptic receptor sites for peanut agglutinin (PNA) were stained in all cases of breast carcinomas, while free PNA sites stained only in a few cases of well-differentiated carcinomas. Receptors sites for Ulex europaeus agglutinin-I (UEA-I) stained non-malignant epithelium of patients with blood group H but did not stain malignant cells. The results show significant differences in lectin-binding patterns and staining intensities between normal and non-malignant, and malignant epithelial breast cells. Furthermore, these results indicate that in malignant cells, there is an increased content of sialic acid-rich carbohydrates but not of asialylated glycoconjugates.

Do breast columnar cell lesions with atypia need to be excised?

PubMed

Datrice, Nicole; Narula, Navneet; Maggard, Melinda; Butler, John; Hsiang, David; Baick, Choong; Lane, Karen

2007-10-01

Columnar cell lesion with atypia (CCLA) is a newly recognized pathologic entity seen in breast specimens. The breast cancer risk associated with this finding is unclear, although CCLA had been found adjacent to both in situ and invasive carcinomas, but the incidence is unknown. Breast specimens from patients with a columnar cell lesion were reviewed by a pathologist for atypia. Twenty-one specimens with CCLA were identified [core biopsy (8), excisional biopsy (11), and simple mastectomy (2)]. Six of eight specimens with CCLA on core had adjacent abnormal pathology: infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC)/lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) (1), ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)/LCIS (1), DCIS (1), LCIS (1), and papillomatosis (2). Five of 11 specimens with CCLA on excisional biopsy had adjacent abnormal pathology: IDC (3), DCIS/LCIS (1), and atypical ductal hyperplasia/papilloma (1). Two of two simple mastectomy specimens had CCLA associated with IDC (1) and DCIS (1). Overall, abnormal pathology was found adjacent to CCLA in 62 per cent of specimens (13/21). Breast pathologic specimens containing a columnar cell lesion should be carefully examined for atypia. Surgical excision is warranted for CCLA found on core biopsy. The future risk of breast cancer based on the finding of CCLA alone requires further investigation.

FNAC Versus Core Needle Biopsy: A Comparative Study in Evaluation of Palpable Breast Lump

PubMed Central

Saha, Abhijit; Mukhopadhyay, Madhumita; Sarkar, Koushik; Saha, Ashis Kumar; Sarkar, Diptendra KR

2016-01-01

Introduction Breast carcinoma is the most common malignant tumour and the leading cause of carcinoma death in women in world. The main purpose of FNAC or CNB of breast lumps is to confirm cancer preoperatively and to avoid unnecessary surgery in specific benign conditions. Aims and Objective The objective of the study was to compare between Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) and Core Needle Biopsy (CNB) in the diagnosis of breast carcinoma with final histological diagnosis from excision specimen as it is gold standard. Materials and Methods A prospective study was done on 50 cases. Patients undergoing all three procedures (Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology and Core Needle Biopsy done at Department of Pathology; subsequent excision surgeries done at Department of General Surgery) were selected. May Grunwald Giemsa (MGG) and Papaniculou (PAP) staining were performed on cytology smears. Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining was done on both the CNB and tissue specimens obtained from subsequent excision surgeries to see the histological features. Results FNAC showed sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy were 69%, 100%, 100%, 38.1%, and 74% respectively in diagnosing carcinoma. CNB had sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy of 88.3%, 100%, 100%, 53.3% and 86%. Both FNAC and CNB showed statistically significant correlation with confirmatory HPE of excision specimen (p-value <0.05) in the diagnosis of breast carcinoma. Conclusion Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a rapid, less complicated, economical, reliable and relevant method for the preoperative pathological diagnosis of breast carcinoma in a developing nation like ours. If the initial FNAC is inadequate, core needle biopsy (CNB) can be a useful second line method of pathological diagnosis in order to minimize the chance of missed diagnosis of breast cancer. PMID:27042469

The G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) is expressed in two different subcellular localizations reflecting distinct tumor properties in breast cancer.

PubMed

Samartzis, Eleftherios P; Noske, Aurelia; Meisel, Alexander; Varga, Zsuzsanna; Fink, Daniel; Imesch, Patrick

2014-01-01

The G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) is a novel estrogen receptor that mediates proliferative effects induced by estrogen but also by tamoxifen. The aim of our study was to analyze the frequency of GPER in a large collective of primary invasive breast carcinomas, with special emphasis on the subcellular expression and to evaluate the association with clinicopathological parameters and patient overall survival. The tissue microarrays from formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded samples of primary invasive breast carcinomas (n = 981) were analyzed for GPER expression using immunohistochemistry. Expression data were compared to the clinicopathological parameters and overall survival. GPER localization was also analyzed in two immortalized breast cancer cell lines T47D and MCF7 by confocal immunofluorescence microscopy. A predominantly cytoplasmic GPER expression was found in 189 carcinomas (19.3%), whereas a predominantly nuclear expression was observed in 529 cases (53.9%). A simultaneous comparable positive expression of both patterns was found in 32 of 981 cases (3.2%), and negative staining was detected in 295 cases (30%). Confocal microscopy confirmed the occurrence of cytoplasmic and nuclear GPER expression in T47D and MCF7. Cytoplasmic GPER expression was significantly associated with non-ductal histologic subtypes, low tumor stage, better histologic differentiation, as well as Luminal A and B subtypes. In contrast, nuclear GPER expression was significantly associated with poorly differentiated carcinomas and the triple-negative subtype. In univariate analysis, cytoplasmic GPER expression was associated with better overall survival (p = 0.012). Our data suggest that predominantly cytoplasmic and/or nuclear GPER expression are two distinct immunohistochemical patterns in breast carcinomas and may reflect different biological features, reason why these patterns should be clearly distinguished in histological evaluations. Prospective studies will be needed to assess whether the expression status of GPER in breast carcinomas should be routinely observed by clinicians, for instance, before implementing endocrine breast cancer treatment.

The G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor (GPER) Is Expressed in Two Different Subcellular Localizations Reflecting Distinct Tumor Properties in Breast Cancer

PubMed Central

Samartzis, Eleftherios P.; Noske, Aurelia; Meisel, Alexander; Varga, Zsuzsanna; Fink, Daniel; Imesch, Patrick

2014-01-01

Introduction The G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) is a novel estrogen receptor that mediates proliferative effects induced by estrogen but also by tamoxifen. The aim of our study was to analyze the frequency of GPER in a large collective of primary invasive breast carcinomas, with special emphasis on the subcellular expression and to evaluate the association with clinicopathological parameters and patient overall survival. Methods The tissue microarrays from formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded samples of primary invasive breast carcinomas (n = 981) were analyzed for GPER expression using immunohistochemistry. Expression data were compared to the clinicopathological parameters and overall survival. GPER localization was also analyzed in two immortalized breast cancer cell lines T47D and MCF7 by confocal immunofluorescence microscopy. Results A predominantly cytoplasmic GPER expression was found in 189 carcinomas (19.3%), whereas a predominantly nuclear expression was observed in 529 cases (53.9%). A simultaneous comparable positive expression of both patterns was found in 32 of 981 cases (3.2%), and negative staining was detected in 295 cases (30%). Confocal microscopy confirmed the occurrence of cytoplasmic and nuclear GPER expression in T47D and MCF7. Cytoplasmic GPER expression was significantly associated with non-ductal histologic subtypes, low tumor stage, better histologic differentiation, as well as Luminal A and B subtypes. In contrast, nuclear GPER expression was significantly associated with poorly differentiated carcinomas and the triple-negative subtype. In univariate analysis, cytoplasmic GPER expression was associated with better overall survival (p = 0.012). Conclusion Our data suggest that predominantly cytoplasmic and/or nuclear GPER expression are two distinct immunohistochemical patterns in breast carcinomas and may reflect different biological features, reason why these patterns should be clearly distinguished in histological evaluations. Prospective studies will be needed to assess whether the expression status of GPER in breast carcinomas should be routinely observed by clinicians, for instance, before implementing endocrine breast cancer treatment. PMID:24421881

Flat Epithelial Atypia of the Breast.

PubMed

Collins, Laura C

2009-06-01

Lesions of the breast characterized by enlarged terminal duct lobular units lined by columnar epithelial cells are being encountered increasingly in breast biopsy specimens. Some of these lesions feature cuboidal to columnar epithelial cells in which the lining cells exhibit cytologic atypia. The role of these lesions (recently designated "flat epithelial atypia" [FEA]) in breast tumor progression is still emerging. FEA commonly coexists with well-developed examples of atypical ductal hyperplasia, low-grade ductal carcinoma in situ, lobular neoplasia, and tubular carcinoma. These findings and those of recent genetic studies suggest that FEA is a neoplastic lesion that may represent a precursor to or the earliest morphologic manifestation of ductal carcinoma in situ. Additional studies are needed to better understand the biologic nature and clinical significance of these lesions. Copyright © 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

[Clinical and pathological features of breast cancer in a population of Mexico].

PubMed

Maffuz-Aziz, Antonio; Labastida-Almendaro, Sonia; Espejo-Fonseca, Aura; Rodríguez-Cuevas, Sergio

Breast cancer is the most common among women in our country, and its treatment is based on prognostic factors to categorize patients into different risk groups. In this study, the clinical and pathological features that play a role as a prognostic factor in a representative population with breast cancer in México are described. A descriptive analysis of the clinical and pathological features of women diagnosed with breast cancer, in a period from June 2005 to May 2014; registered in a database and calculated by simple frequencies. A total of 4,411 patients were included, the average age at diagnosis was 53 years, 19.7% were diagnosed by mammography screening program and 80.3% derived from any signs or symptoms. Regarding the stages at diagnosis, 6.8% were carcinoma in situ, 36% at early stages (I and IIA), 45% locally advanced (IIB to IIIC), 7.7% metastatic and 3.9% unclassifiable. A 79% were ductal histology, lobular 7.8% and the rest, other types. Of ductal carcinomas, 9.1% were grade I, 54.1% grade II, and 34.6% grade III. Regarding the biological subtypes, 65.7% were luminal, 10.9% luminal Her positive, 8.7% pure Her 2 positive and 14.6% triple negative. In the present study, we described the clinical and pathologic features of a group of Mexican women with breast cancer that might reflect a national landscape, and represent the prognostic factors to determine groups of risk and treatment decisions. Copyright © 2016 Academia Mexicana de Cirugía A.C. Publicado por Masson Doyma México S.A. All rights reserved.

Doxorubicin Hydrochloride and Cyclophosphamide Followed by Paclitaxel With or Without Carboplatin in Treating Patients With Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

ClinicalTrials.gov

2016-10-04

Breast Adenocarcinoma; Estrogen Receptor Negative; HER2/Neu Negative; Progesterone Receptor Negative; Stage IB Breast Cancer; Stage IIA Breast Cancer; Stage IIB Breast Cancer; Stage IIIA Breast Cancer; Stage IIIC Breast Cancer; Triple-Negative Breast Carcinoma

Suppression of Ovarian Function With Either Tamoxifen or Exemestane Compared With Tamoxifen Alone in Treating Premenopausal Women With Hormone-Responsive Breast Cancer

ClinicalTrials.gov

2016-07-29

Estrogen Receptor Positive Breast Cancer; Progesterone Receptor Positive Tumor; Recurrent Breast Carcinoma; Stage IA Breast Cancer; Stage IB Breast Cancer; Stage IIA Breast Cancer; Stage IIB Breast Cancer; Stage IIIA Breast Cancer

Interleukin-12 and Trastuzumab in Treating Patients With Cancer That Has High Levels of HER2/Neu

ClinicalTrials.gov

2013-02-27

Advanced Adult Primary Liver Cancer; Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer; Bone Metastases; Carcinoma of the Appendix; Distal Urethral Cancer; Fallopian Tube Cancer; Gastrinoma; Glucagonoma; Inflammatory Breast Cancer; Insulinoma; Liver Metastases; Localized Unresectable Adult Primary Liver Cancer; Lung Metastases; Male Breast Cancer; Malignant Pericardial Effusion; Malignant Pleural Effusion; Metastatic Gastrointestinal Carcinoid Tumor; Metastatic Parathyroid Cancer; Metastatic Transitional Cell Cancer of the Renal Pelvis and Ureter; Newly Diagnosed Carcinoma of Unknown Primary; Occult Non-small Cell Lung Cancer; Pancreatic Polypeptide Tumor; Primary Peritoneal Cavity Cancer; Proximal Urethral Cancer; Pulmonary Carcinoid Tumor; Recurrent Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity; Recurrent Adrenocortical Carcinoma; Recurrent Adult Primary Liver Cancer; Recurrent Anal Cancer; Recurrent Bladder Cancer; Recurrent Breast Cancer; Recurrent Carcinoma of Unknown Primary; Recurrent Cervical Cancer; Recurrent Colon Cancer; Recurrent Endometrial Carcinoma; Recurrent Esophageal Cancer; Recurrent Extrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer; Recurrent Gallbladder Cancer; Recurrent Gastric Cancer; Recurrent Gastrointestinal Carcinoid Tumor; Recurrent Islet Cell Carcinoma; Recurrent Malignant Testicular Germ Cell Tumor; Recurrent Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity; Recurrent Non-small Cell Lung Cancer; Recurrent Ovarian Epithelial Cancer; Recurrent Pancreatic Cancer; Recurrent Parathyroid Cancer; Recurrent Prostate Cancer; Recurrent Rectal Cancer; Recurrent Renal Cell Cancer; Recurrent Salivary Gland Cancer; Recurrent Small Intestine Cancer; Recurrent Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Larynx; Recurrent Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lip and Oral Cavity; Recurrent Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Nasopharynx; Recurrent Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oropharynx; Recurrent Thyroid Cancer; Recurrent Transitional Cell Cancer of the Renal Pelvis and Ureter; Recurrent Urethral Cancer; Recurrent Vaginal Cancer; Recurrent Vulvar Cancer; Skin Metastases; Small Intestine Adenocarcinoma; Somatostatinoma; Stage III Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity; Stage III Adrenocortical Carcinoma; Stage III Bladder Cancer; Stage III Cervical Cancer; Stage III Colon Cancer; Stage III Endometrial Carcinoma; Stage III Esophageal Cancer; Stage III Follicular Thyroid Cancer; Stage III Gastric Cancer; Stage III Malignant Testicular Germ Cell Tumor; Stage III Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity; Stage III Ovarian Epithelial Cancer; Stage III Pancreatic Cancer; Stage III Papillary Thyroid Cancer; Stage III Prostate Cancer; Stage III Rectal Cancer; Stage III Renal Cell Cancer; Stage III Salivary Gland Cancer; Stage III Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Larynx; Stage III Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lip and Oral Cavity; Stage III Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Nasopharynx; Stage III Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oropharynx; Stage III Vaginal Cancer; Stage III Vulvar Cancer; Stage IIIA Anal Cancer; Stage IIIA Breast Cancer; Stage IIIA Non-small Cell Lung Cancer; Stage IIIB Anal Cancer; Stage IIIB Breast Cancer; Stage IIIB Non-small Cell Lung Cancer; Stage IV Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity; Stage IV Adrenocortical Carcinoma; Stage IV Anal Cancer; Stage IV Bladder Cancer; Stage IV Breast Cancer; Stage IV Colon Cancer; Stage IV Endometrial Carcinoma; Stage IV Esophageal Cancer; Stage IV Follicular Thyroid Cancer; Stage IV Gastric Cancer; Stage IV Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity; Stage IV Non-small Cell Lung Cancer; Stage IV Ovarian Epithelial Cancer; Stage IV Pancreatic Cancer; Stage IV Papillary Thyroid Cancer; Stage IV Prostate Cancer; Stage IV Rectal Cancer; Stage IV Renal Cell Cancer; Stage IV Salivary Gland Cancer; Stage IV Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Larynx; Stage IV Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lip and Oral Cavity; Stage IV Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Nasopharynx; Stage IV Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oropharynx; Stage IVA Cervical Cancer; Stage IVA Vaginal Cancer; Stage IVB Cervical Cancer; Stage IVB Vaginal Cancer; Stage IVB Vulvar Cancer; Thyroid Gland Medullary Carcinoma; Unresectable Extrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer; Unresectable Gallbladder Cancer; Urethral Cancer Associated With Invasive Bladder Cancer; WDHA Syndrome

Carcinoma showing thymus-like elements of the thyroid gland: report of three cases including one case with breast cancer history.

PubMed

Zhang, Guanjun; Liu, Xi; Huang, Wei; Li, Xiaofeng; Johnstone, Marianne; Deng, Yuan; Ke, Yongqiang; Nunes, Quentin M; Wang, Hongyan; Wang, Yili; Zhang, Xuebin

2015-01-01

Carcinoma showing thymus-like elements (CASTLE) is a rare malignant tumor of the thyroid or adjacent neck soft tissues, whose histogenesis is still debated. It may resemble other primary or metastatic poorly differentiated tumors histologically and the differential diagnosis is crucial for CASTLE has a better prognosis. However, CASTLE as a second primary tumor has not been reported in the literature. We report three cases of thyroid CASTLE, including a unique tumor following breast-conserving surgery for early-stage breast invasive carcinoma. There were two female and one male. All three tumors were located in the right lobe of the thyroid, and one tumor showed extension into the surrounding soft tissue. Histologically, all tumors showed expansive growth and consisted of cords, nests or sheets of epithelial cells divided into irregularly shaped lobules by fibrous connective tissue with lymphoplasmacytic infiltration. Focal squamous differentiation resembling Hassall's corpuscles were observed. All cases stained positively for CD5, CD117, high molecular weight cytokeratin, cytokeratin, P63, carcinoembryonic antigen and epithelial membrane antigen. Positive staining for Bcl-2 in two cases and chromogranin A in one case was noted. Ki-67 expression ranged from 15 to 25%. Thyroid transcription factor and CD3 were negative. There was no evidence of recurrent or metastatic disease at following surgery. These features demonstrated CASTLE may arise from branchial pouch remnants, the thyroid solid cell nests. CASTLE is a rare entity, awareness of its occurrence as a second primary tumor is important to avoid overtreatment because it is associated with a favorable prognosis.

Breast cancer associated with type 1 neurofibromatosis.

PubMed

Salemis, Nikolaos S; Nakos, Georgios; Sambaziotis, Dimitrios; Gourgiotis, Stavros

2010-10-01

The association between breast cancer and type 1 neurofibromatosis (NF1) is a rare clinical entity. We herein present the case of a 59-year-old woman, with typical clinical manifestations of NF1, who presented with a painless lump in her right breast, which she had first noticed 8 months earlier. Clinical examination and diagnostic workup were suggestive of a breast carcinoma, and a modified radical mastectomy was performed. Histopathological examination revealed a poorly differentiated invasive ductal breast carcinoma and multiple neurofibromas. The pathological staging was pT2N1a according to TNM/UICC. Delayed presentation of the patient was the result of her mistakenly identifying the breast tumor as a manifestation of NF1 neurofibromatosis.

Isolated gastrointestinal metastasis of breast carcinoma: a case report.

PubMed

Titi, M A; Anabtawi, A; Newland, A D

2010-01-01

Purpose. Gastrointestinal tract is one of the rare locations for breast cancer metastasis. This paper shows such metastasis may occur even in the absence of breast metastasis in other more common locations. Case Report. A 64-year old female was admitted to the hospital with abdominal discomfort and diarrhea. She had breast carcinoma treated 7 years previously with normal follow-up since. Colonoscopy showed hepatic flexure thickening that was confirmed to be breast metastasis. Staging investigations showed upper and lower gastrointestinal tract metastasis with negative findings elsewhere. Conclusion. Although more common causes for gastrointestinal symptoms should be excluded, however, a high index of suspicion of metastatic breast cancer is needed when such patients develop gastrointestinal symptoms.

Increased breast density correlates with the proliferation-seeking radiotracer (99m)Tc(V)-DMSA uptake in florid epithelial hyperplasia and in mixed ductal carcinoma in situ with invasive ductal carcinoma but not in pure invasive ductal carcinoma or in mild epithelial hyperplasia.

PubMed

Papantoniou, Vassilios; Valsamaki, Pipitsa; Sotiropoulou, Evangelia; Tsaroucha, Angeliki; Tsiouris, Spyridon; Sotiropoulou, Maria; Marinopoulos, Spyridon; Kounadi, Evangelia; Karianos, Theodore; Fothiadaki, Athina; Archontaki, Aikaterini; Syrgiannis, Konstantinos; Ptohis, Nikolaos; Makris, Nikolaos; Limouris, Georgios; Antsaklis, Aris

2011-10-01

The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship of mammographic breast density (BD) and cell proliferation/focal adhesion kinase activation-seeking radiotracer technetium 99m pentavalent dimercaptosuccinic acid (99mTc(V)-DMSA) uptake in women with different breast histologies, that is, mild epithelial hyperplasia (MEH), florid epithelial hyperplasia (FEH), mixed ductal carcinoma in situ with invasive ductal carcinoma (DCIS + IDC), and pure IDC. Fifty-five women with histologically confirmed mammary pathologies were submitted preoperatively to mammography and 99mTc(V)-DMSA scintimammography. The percentage and intensity of 99mTc(V)-DMSA uptake and the percentage of BD were calculated by computer-assisted methods and compared (t-test) between the breast pathologies. In breasts with increased BD, FEH and DCIS + IDC were found. On the contrary, pure IDC and MEH were identified in breasts with significantly lower BD values. In breasts with increased 99mTc(V)-DMSA area and intensity of uptake, FEH was the main lesion found compared to all other histologies. Linear regression analysis between BD and 99mTc(V)-DMSA uptake area and intensity revealed significant coefficients of correlation (r  =  .689, p < .001 and r  =  .582, p < .001, respectively). Increased BD correlates with the presence of FEH and mixed DCIS + IDC but not with pure IDC or MEH. Its close relationship to 99mTc(V)-DMSA, which also showed an affinity to FEH, indicates that stromal microenvironment may constitute a specific substrate leading to progression to different subtypes of cancerous lesions originating from different pathways.

Predictive values of BI-RADS(®) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the detection of breast ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS).

PubMed

Badan, Gustavo Machado; Piato, Sebastião; Roveda, Décio; de Faria Castro Fleury, Eduardo

2016-10-01

The purpose of this study was to evaluate BI-RADS indicators in the detection of DCIS by MRI. Prospective observational study that started in 2014 and lasted 24 months. A total of 110 consecutive patients were evaluated, who presented with suspicious or highly suspicious microcalcifications on screening mammography (BI-RADS categories 4 and 5) and underwent stereotactic-guided breast biopsy, having had an MRI scan performed prior to biopsy. Altogether, 38 cases were characterized as positive for malignancy, of which 25 were DCIS and 13 were invasive ductal carcinoma cases. MRI had a sensitivity of 96%; specificity of 75.67%; positive predictive value (PPV) for DCIS detection of 57.14%; negative predictive value (NPV) in the detection of DCIS of 98.24%; and an accuracy of 80.80%. BI-RADS as a tool for the detection of DCIS by MRI is a powerful instrument whose sensitivity was higher when compared to that observed for mammography in the literature. Likewise, the PPV obtained by MRI was higher than that observed in the present study for mammography, and the high NPV obtained on MRI scans can provide early evidence to discourage breast biopsy in selected cases. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

ROS1 expression in invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast related to proliferation activity.

PubMed

Eom, Minseob; Lkhagvadorj, Sayamaa; Oh, Sung Soo; Han, Airi; Park, Kwang Hwa

2013-05-01

ROS1 is an oncogene, expressed primarily in glioblastomas of the brain that has been hypothesized to mediate the effects of early stage tumor progression. In addition, it was reported that ROS1 expression was observed in diverse cancer tissue or cell lines and ROS1 is associated with the development of several tumors. However, ROS1 expression has not been studied in breast cancer to date. Therefore, we investigated ROS1 expression at the protein and gene level to compare expression patterns and to verify the association with prognostic factors in invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast. Tissue samples from 203 patients were used. Forty-six cases were available for fresh tissue. We performed immunohistochemical staining and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). ROS1 expression was significantly lower in proportion to higher histologic grade, higher mitotic counts, lower estrogen receptor expression, and a higher Ki-67 proliferation index, although ROS1 expression was not significantly associated with the survival rate. The result of real-time PCR revealed similar trends, however not statistically significant. Higher ROS1 expression may be associated with favorable prognostic factors of IDC and its expression in IDC is related to the proliferation of tumor cells.

ROS1 Expression in Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast Related to Proliferation Activity

PubMed Central

Eom, Minseob; Lkhagvadorj, Sayamaa; Oh, Sung Soo; Han, Airi

2013-01-01

Purpose ROS1 is an oncogene, expressed primarily in glioblastomas of the brain that has been hypothesized to mediate the effects of early stage tumor progression. In addition, it was reported that ROS1 expression was observed in diverse cancer tissue or cell lines and ROS1 is associated with the development of several tumors. However, ROS1 expression has not been studied in breast cancer to date. Therefore, we investigated ROS1 expression at the protein and gene level to compare expression patterns and to verify the association with prognostic factors in invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast. Materials and Methods Tissue samples from 203 patients were used. Forty-six cases were available for fresh tissue. We performed immunohistochemical staining and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results ROS1 expression was significantly lower in proportion to higher histologic grade, higher mitotic counts, lower estrogen receptor expression, and a higher Ki-67 proliferation index, although ROS1 expression was not significantly associated with the survival rate. The result of real-time PCR revealed similar trends, however not statistically significant. Conclusion Higher ROS1 expression may be associated with favorable prognostic factors of IDC and its expression in IDC is related to the proliferation of tumor cells. PMID:23549810

Coexpression of Arp2 and WAVE2 predicts poor outcome in invasive breast carcinoma.

PubMed

Iwaya, Keiichi; Norio, Kohno; Mukai, Kiyoshi

2007-03-01

Breast carcinoma with a high histologic grade is highly invasive and metastatic. One reason for its irregular morphology is the formation of excessive protrusions due to assemblages of branched actin filament networks. In mammalian cells, the actin-related protein 2 and 3 (Arp2/3) complex initiates actin assembly to form lamellipodial protrusions by binding to the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WASP)/WASP family verproline-homologous protein2 (WAVE2), a member of the WASP protein family. In this study, the localization Arp2 and WAVE2 in breast carcinoma was investigated to clarify whether coexpression of the two proteins is associated with histologic grade or patient outcome. Immunohistochemical staining of Arp2 and WAVE2 was performed on mirror specimens of 197 breast carcinomas, and the association between coexpression of the two proteins and clinicopathologic factors was examined. Kaplan-Meier disease-free survival and overall survival curves were analyzed to determine the prognostic significance of Arp2 and WAVE2 coexpression in breast carcinoma. Coexpression of Arp2 and WAVE2 was detected in 64 (36%) of 179 invasive ductal carcinomas and in 2 (11%) of 18 ductal carcinomas in situ, but was not detected in any adjacent non-cancerous tissue. The proportion of cancer cells expressing both Arp2 and WAVE2 was significantly higher in cases with high histologic grade (P<0.0001), and cases with lymph node metastasis (P=0.0150). The patients whose cancer cells showed such coexpression had shorter disease-free (P=0.0002) and overall survival (P=0.0122) than patients whose cancer cells expressed only one or none of Arp2 and WAVE2. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that coexpression of Arp2 and WAVE2 is an independent factor for both tumor recurrence (P=0.0308) and death (P=0.0455). These results indicate that coexpression of Arp2 and WAVE2 is a significant prognostic factor that is closely associated with aggressive morphology of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast.

Visualization and body distribution of [¹³¹I]-herceptin in nude mice with BT-474 breast carcinoma.

PubMed

Yang, Z X; Cao, H; Xing, C G; Wei, S H; Jiang, G Q; Liu, Z L

2014-08-29

The study aimed to investigate the bio-distribution and radio-immuno-imaging features of [(131)I]-herceptin in nude mice with BT-474 breast carcinoma. [(131)I]-Herceptin was administrated by tail intravenous injection to the nude mice with BT-474 breast carcinoma. Radiocounting was performed at 4, 12, 24, 48, and 96 h after administration. The activity ratio in the tumor tissue and non-tumor tissue (T/NT) and the radiocounting percentage per gram tissue to the injected dose (%ID/g) were calculated. The nude mice with BT-474 breast carcinoma were also visualized continuously by single photon emission computed tomography at 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, and 96 h after the injection of [(131)I]-herceptin. Nude mice with MDA-MB-231 used as the control group were subjected to the same analyses. Clear tumor images were obtained after the injection of [(131)I]-herceptin in nude mice with BT-474 breast carcinoma. The images were the clearest at 24 h after the injection and remained clear even at 96 h. The T/NT ratio and %ID/g in the tumor tissues of nude mice with BT-474 were both significantly higher than those of the control group (P < 0.01). [(131)I]-Herceptin displays tumors clearly in the nude mice with BT-474 and accumulates well in the tumor tissues.

Axillary metastasis as first symptom of occult breast cancer: a case report.

PubMed

Frattaroli, Fabrizio Maria; Carrara, Alessandro; Conte, Anna Maria; Pappalardo, Giuseppe

2002-01-01

Axillary lymph node metastasis from an occult breast carcinoma is a rare occurrence. We report this condition in a 59-year-old woman who presented with a swelling in the right axilla. No breast mass was clinically evident. Mammography, ultrasonography and multiple random fine-needle breast biopsies yielded no pathological findings. No extramammary primary lesions were present. Axillary sampling was performed and histological examination revealed the presence of metastatic adenocarcinoma in three of the 12 dissected lymph nodes. Estrogen receptors were positive and immunohistochemistry pointed to a breast origin. All these data were suggestive of occult breast cancer. The patient refused any further treatment but accepted clinical and radiological follow-up. Eight years later mammography revealed in the same breast a 10-mm nodule containing microcalcifications, which was not evident at physical examination. The patient underwent a lumpectomy. Intraoperative histology was positive for breast carcinoma and complete axillary clearance was performed. Histological examination revealed a lobular invasive breast carcinoma and the presence of micrometastasis in one of the 23 removed lymph nodes. The patient was given radiotherapy to the breast and axilla and tamoxifen. At present, one year after the appearance of the primary tumor, she is free of disease. Based on this case report we suggest an eclectic approach in the management of patients with axillary metastasis from occult breast cancer, depending on the clinical, pathological and biological findings.

Review of Factors Influencing Women's Choice of Mastectomy Versus Breast Conserving Therapy in Early Stage Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review.

PubMed

Gu, Jeffrey; Groot, Gary; Boden, Catherine; Busch, Angela; Holtslander, Lorraine; Lim, Hyun

2018-01-03

We have performed a narrative synthesis. A literature search was conducted between January 2000 and June 2014 in 7 databases. The initial search identified 2717 articles; 319 underwent abstract screening, 67 underwent full-text screening, and 25 final articles were included. This review looked at early stage breast cancer in women only, excluding ductal carcinoma in situ and advanced breast cancer. A conceptual framework was created to organize the central constructs underlying women's choices: clinicopathologic factors, physician factors, and individual factors with subgroups of sociodemographic, geographic, and personal beliefs and preferences. This framework guided our review's synthesis and analysis. We found that larger tumor size and increasing stage was associated with increased rates of mastectomy. The results for age varied, but suggested that old and young extremes of diagnostic age were associated with an increased likelihood of mastectomy. Higher socioeconomic status was associated with higher breast conservation therapy (BCT) rates. Resident rural location and increasing distance from radiation treatment facilities were associated with lower rates of BCT. Individual belief factors influencing women's choice of mastectomy (mastectomy being reassuring, avoiding radiation, an expedient treatment) differed from factors influencing choice of BCT (body image and femininity, physician recommendation, survival equivalence, less surgery). Surgeon factors, including female gender, higher case numbers, and individual surgeon practice, were associated with increased BCT rates. The decision-making process for women with early stage breast cancer is complicated and affected by multiple factors. Organizing these factors into central constructs of clinicopathologic, individual, and physician factors may aid health-care professionals to better understand this process. Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Safety and Immune Response to a Multi-component Immune Based Therapy (MKC1106-PP) for Patients With Advanced Cancer.

ClinicalTrials.gov

2010-08-02

Ovarian; Melanoma; Renal; Prostate; Colorectal; Endometrial Carcinoma; Cervical Carcinoma; Testicular Cancer; Thyroid Cancer; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma; Mesothelioma; Breast Carcinoma; Esophageal Carcinoma; Gastric Cancer; Pancreatic Carcinoma; Neuroendocrine Cancer; Liver Cancer; Gallbladder Cancer; Biliary Tract Cancer; Anal Carcinoma; Bone Sarcomas; Soft Tissue Sarcomas; Carcinoma of Unknown Origin, Primary

Palbociclib in Combination With Tamoxifen as First Line Therapy for Metastatic Hormone Receptor Positive Breast Cancer

ClinicalTrials.gov

2018-01-24

Hormone Receptor Positive Malignant Neoplasm of Breast; Human Epidermal Growth Factor 2 Negative Carcinoma of Breast; Estrogen Receptor Positive Breast Cancer; Progesterone Receptor Positive Tumor; Metastatic Breast Cancer

[Current diagnosis of classic mastitis carcinomatosa].

PubMed

Borojević, N; Trbojević, P; Zamurović, J

1990-01-01

Mastitis carcinomatosa (inflammatory carcinoma) is a very rare form of breast cancer, with a rapid progress, generalisation and dissemination into the vital organs, and lethal issue. Inflammatory carcinoma of the breast (ICB) accounts for 1 to 4 per cent of all breast carcinomas. Only 3 to 6 per cent of patients survive for 5 years, and a great number of patients die within 1 to 2 years, with disseminated metastases. Undefined diagnostical criteria of the desease are responsible of undefined therapeutical procedures. There are still contra-many diction which are well documented in the literature. In this paper we tried to give our contribution to the solution of some of these problems. Today it is clear that tumour embolism in dermal lymphatics of the involved breast skin is a pathohistologic basis of this fatal desease. Accordingly consequences are visible in all clinical signs, which have a very poor prognosis. There is a very large group of local advanced breast carcinomas that are similar to the ICB, but that are not really ICB. In fact, although all these malignant deseases are very similar, their differentiation is very important esspecialy because of their evaluation. A great number of other benignant deseases have very similar signs. Therefore ICB is a interdisciplinary problem.

Towards a proteome signature for invasive ductal breast carcinoma derived from label-free nanoscale LC-MS protein expression profiling of tumorous and glandular tissue.

PubMed

Röwer, Claudia; Vissers, Johannes P C; Koy, Cornelia; Kipping, Marc; Hecker, Michael; Reimer, Toralf; Gerber, Bernd; Thiesen, Hans-Jürgen; Glocker, Michael O

2009-12-01

As more and more alternative treatments become available for breast carcinoma, there is a need to stratify patients and individual molecular information seems to be suitable for this purpose. In this study, we applied label-free protein quantitation by nanoscale LC-MS and investigated whether this approach could be used for defining a proteome signature for invasive ductal breast carcinoma. Tissue samples from healthy breast and tumor were collected from three patients. Protein identifications were based on LC-MS peptide fragmentation data which were obtained simultaneously to the quantitative information. Hereby, an invasive ductal breast carcinoma proteome signature was generated which contains 60 protein entries. The on-column concentrations for osteoinductive factor, vimentin, GAP-DH, and NDKA are provided as examples. These proteins represent distinctive gene ontology groups of differentially expressed proteins and are discussed as risk markers for primary tumor pathogenesis. The developed methodology has been found well applicable in a clinical environment in which standard operating procedures can be kept; a prerequisite for the definition of molecular parameter sets that shall be capable for stratification of patients.

Basal/HER2 breast carcinomas

PubMed Central

Martin-Castillo, Begoña; Oliveras-Ferraros, Cristina; Vazquez-Martin, Alejandro; Cufí, Silvia; Moreno, José Manuel; Corominas-Faja, Bruna; Urruticoechea, Ander; Martín, Ángel G.; López-Bonet, Eugeni; Menendez, Javier A.

2013-01-01

High rates of inherent primary resistance to the humanized monoclonal antibody trastuzumab (Herceptin) are frequent among HER2 gene-amplified breast carcinomas in both metastatic and adjuvant settings. The clinical efficacy of trastuzumab is highly correlated with its ability to specifically and efficiently target HER2-driven populations of breast cancer stem cells (CSCs). Intriguingly, many of the possible mechanisms by which cancer cells escape trastuzumab involve many of the same biomarkers that have been implicated in the biology of CS-like tumor-initiating cells. In the traditional, one-way hierarchy of CSCs in which all cancer cells descend from special self-renewing CSCs, HER2-positive CSCs can occur solely by self-renewal. Therefore, by targeting CSC self-renewal and resistance, trastuzumab is expected to induce tumor shrinkage and further reduce breast cancer recurrence rates when used alongside traditional therapies. In a new, alternate model, more differentiated non-stem cancer cells can revert to trastuzumab-refractory, CS-like cells via the activation of intrinsic or microenvironmental paths-to-stemness, such as the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Alternatively, stochastic transitions of trastuzumab-responsive CSCs might also give rise to non-CSC cellular states that lack major attributes of CSCs and, therefore, can remain “hidden” from trastuzumab activity. Here, we hypothesize that a better understanding of the CSC/non-CSC social structure within HER2-overexpressing breast carcinomas is critical for trastuzumab-based treatment decisions in the clinic. First, we decipher the biological significance of CSC features and the EMT on the molecular effects and efficacy of trastuzumab in HER2-positive breast cancer cells. Second, we reinterpret the genetic heterogeneity that differentiates trastuzumab-responders from non-responders in terms of CSC cellular states. Finally, we propose that novel predictive approaches aimed at better forecasting early tumor responses to trastuzumab should identify biological determinants that causally underlie the intrinsic flexibility of HER2-positive CSCs to “enter” into or “exit” from trastuzumab-sensitive states. An accurate integration of CSC cellular states and EMT-related biomarkers with the currently available breast cancer molecular taxonomy may significantly improve our ability to make a priori decisions about whether patients belonging to HER2 subtypes differentially enriched with a “mesenchymal transition signature” (e.g., luminal/HER2 vs. basal/HER2) would distinctly benefit from trastuzumab-based therapy ab initio. PMID:23255137

Exercise in Targeting Metabolic Dysregulation in Stage I-III Breast or Prostate Cancer Survivors

ClinicalTrials.gov

2017-09-12

Cancer Survivor; No Evidence of Disease; Obesity; Overweight; Prostate Carcinoma; Sedentary Lifestyle; Stage I Breast Cancer; Stage IA Breast Cancer; Stage IB Breast Cancer; Stage II Breast Cancer; Stage IIA Breast Cancer; Stage IIB Breast Cancer; Stage III Breast Cancer; Stage IIIA Breast Cancer; Stage IIIB Breast Cancer; Stage IIIC Breast Cancer

FLT PET in Measuring Treatment Response in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Estrogen Receptor-Positive, HER2-Negative Stage I-III Breast Cancer

ClinicalTrials.gov

2018-04-13

Estrogen Receptor Positive; HER2/Neu Negative; Male Breast Carcinoma; Stage IA Breast Cancer; Stage IB Breast Cancer; Stage IIA Breast Cancer; Stage IIB Breast Cancer; Stage IIIA Breast Cancer; Stage IIIB Breast Cancer; Stage IIIC Breast Cancer

Solitary breast mass as initial presentation of clinically silent metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

PubMed

McLauglin, Sarah A; Thiel, David D; Smith, Stephen L; Wehle, Michael J; Menke, David M

2006-06-01

Metastasis to the breast from extramammary tumors is rare. Breast metastases of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) origin have been described in sporadic case reports. We present a patient with a solitary breast mass representing the manifestation of clinically silent, metastatic RCC. A 76-year-old female was 12 years prior removed from radical nephrectomy for localized RCC. Her new breast mass was identified on physical examination. Pathology of the resected mass was diagnostic of metastatic RCC and subsequent imaging studies demonstrated a 1.9 cm renal mass in her solitary kidney. The patient elected subcutaneous Interleukin-2 immunotherapy as primary treatment for her recurrent RCC.

Diffusion-weighted imaging of mucinous carcinoma of the breast: evaluation of apparent diffusion coefficient and signal intensity in correlation with histologic findings.

PubMed

Woodhams, Reiko; Kakita, Satoko; Hata, Hirofumi; Iwabuchi, Keiichi; Umeoka, Shigeaki; Mountford, Carolyn E; Hatabu, Hiroto

2009-07-01

The purposes of this study were to compare the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of mucinous carcinoma of the breast with that of other breast tumors and to analyze correlations between signal intensity on diffusion-weighted images and the histologic features of mucinous carcinoma. Two hundred seventy-six patients with 277 lesions, including 15 mucinous carcinomas (13 pure type, two mixed type), 204 other malignant tumors, and 58 benign lesions, were examined with 1.5-T MRI at b values of 0 and 1,500 s/mm(2). The correlations between cellularity and ADC, homogeneity of signal intensity on diffusion-weighted images, and histopathologic findings were analyzed. The difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The mean ADC of mucinous carcinoma (1.8 +/- 0.4 x 10(-3) mm(2)/s) was statistically higher than that of benign lesions (1.3+/- 0.3 x 10(-3) mm(2)/s) and other malignant tumors (0.9 +/- 0.2 x 10(-3) mm(2)/s) (p < 0.001). The ADC of pure type mucinous carcinoma (1.8 +/- 0.3 x 10(-3) mm(2)/s) was higher than that of mixed type mucinous carcinoma (1.2 +/- 0.2 x 10(-3) mm(2)/s) (p < 0.001) and other histologic types (p > 0.05). The correlation between mean cellularity and the ADC of mucinous carcinoma was significant (rho(s) = -0.754; p = 0.001). The homogeneity of signal intensity on diffusion-weighted images correlated with the homogeneity of histologic structures of mucinous carcinoma (p < 0.001; kappa = 0.826). Mucinous carcinoma can be clearly differentiated from other breast tumors on the basis of ADC. The low signal intensity of mucinous carcinoma on diffusion-weighted images appears to reflect the presence of mucin and low cellularity. High signal intensity on diffusion-weighted images may reflect the presence of fibrovascular bundles, increased cell density, or a combination of these features.

["Chronic mastitis" and carcinoma of the breast seen from the viewpoint of Soviet-russian pathologist (author's transl)].

PubMed

Hamperl, H

1975-06-01

The group around Prof. D. I. Golowin (Leningrad) distinguishes between the solid epithelial hyperplasia belonging to fibroadenomatosis of the breast and the solid form of lobular carcinoma in situ. The morphological details permitting the differential diagnosis are stressed (see table).

Comparative prognostic relevance of breast intra-tumoral microvessel density evaluated by CD105 and CD146: A pilot study of 42 cases.

PubMed

Martinez, Leandro Marcelo; Labovsky, Vivian; Calcagno, María de Luján; Davies, Kevin Mauro; Rivello, Hernán Garcia; Wernicke, Alejandra; Calvo, Juan Carlos; Chasseing, Norma Alejandra

2016-04-01

Angiogenesis is a key process for metastatic progression. While it has been established that the evaluation of breast tumoral microvessel density by CD105 marker is a potential prognostic parameter, its evaluation by CD146 marker has been poorly studied. The purpose of this study was to compare the prognostic value of intra-tumoral microvessel density assayed by CD105 and CD146 in early breast cancer patients. 42 women with breast infiltrative ductal carcinoma (I and II-stages) were retrospectively reviewed. Intra-tumoral microvessel density was immunohistochemically examined using antibodies anti-CD105 and CD146 in paraffin-embedded tissues, and their association with classical prognostic-markers, metastatic recurrence, metastasis-free survival and overall survival was analyzed. High microvessel density assessed by CD146 was significantly associated with a higher risk of developing metastasis (p=0.0310) and a shorter metastasis-free survival (p=0.0197). In contrast, when we used the CD105-antibody, we did not find any significant association. Finally, CD146 showed to be an independent predictive indicator for metastasis-free survival (p=0.0055). Our data suggest that the intra-tumoral microvessel density evaluated by CD146 may be a more suitable predictor of metastatic development than that evaluated by CD105 in early breast cancer. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

[Accelerated partial breast irradiation with image-guided intensity-modulated radiotherapy following breast-conserving surgery - preliminary results of a phase II clinical study].

PubMed

Mészáros, Norbert; Major, Tibor; Stelczer, Gábor; Zaka, Zoltán; Mózsa, Emõke; Fodor, János; Polgár, Csaba

2015-06-01

The purpose of the study was to implement accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) by means of image-guided intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IG-IMRT) following breast-conserving surgery (BCS) for low-risk early invasive breast cancer. Between July 2011 and March 2014, 60 patients with low-risk early invasive (St I-II) breast cancer who underwent BCS were enrolled in our phase II prospective study. Postoperative APBI was given by means of step and shoot IG-IMRT using 4 to 5 fields to a total dose of 36.9 Gy (9×4.1 Gy) using a twice-a-day fractionation. Before each fraction, series of CT images were taken from the region of the target volume using a kV CT on-rail mounted in the treatment room. An image fusion software was used for automatic image registration of the planning and verification CT images. Patient set-up errors were detected in three directions (LAT, LONG, VERT), and inaccuracies were adjusted by automatic movements of the treatment table. Breast cancer related events, acute and late toxicities, and cosmetic results were registered and analysed. At a median follow-up of 24 months (range 12-44) neither locoregional nor distant failure was observed. Grade 1 (G1), G2 erythema, G1 oedema, and G1 and G2 pain occurred in 21 (35%), 2 (3.3%), 23 (38.3%), 6 (10%) and 2 (3.3%) patients, respectively. No G3-4 acute side effects were detected. Among late radiation side effects G1 pigmentation, G1 fibrosis, and G1 fat necrosis occurred in 5 (8.3%), 7 (11.7%), and 2 (3.3%) patients, respectively. No ≥G2 late toxicity was detected. Excellent and good cosmetic outcome was detected in 45 (75%) and 15 (25%) patients. IG-IMRT is a reproducible and feasible technique for the delivery of APBI following conservative surgery for the treatment of low-risk, early-stage invasive breast carcinoma. Preliminary results are promising, early radiation side effects are minimal, and cosmetic results are excellent.

Breast Density Notification Legislation and Breast Cancer Stage at Diagnosis: Early Evidence from the SEER Registry.

PubMed

Richman, Ilana; Asch, Steven M; Bendavid, Eran; Bhattacharya, Jay; Owens, Douglas K

2017-06-01

Twenty-eight states have passed breast density notification laws, which require physicians to inform women of a finding of dense breasts on mammography. To evaluate changes in breast cancer stage at diagnosis after enactment of breast density notification legislation. Using a difference-in-differences analysis, we examined changes in stage at diagnosis among women with breast cancer in Connecticut, the first state to enact legislation, compared to changes among women in control states. We used data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) registry, 2005-2013. Women ages 40-74 with breast cancer. Breast density notification legislation, enacted in Connecticut in October of 2009. Breast cancer stage at diagnosis. Our study included 466,930 women, 25,592 of whom lived in Connecticut. Legislation was associated with a 1.38-percentage-point (95 % CI 0.12 to 2.63) increase in the proportion of women in Connecticut versus control states who had localized invasive cancer at the time of diagnosis, and a 1.12-percentage-point (95 % CI -2.21 to -0.08) decline in the proportion of women with ductal carcinoma in situ at diagnosis. Breast density notification legislation was not associated with a change in the proportion of women in Connecticut versus control states with regional-stage (-0.09 percentage points, 95 % CI -1.01 to 1.02) or metastatic disease (-0.24, 95 % CI -0.75 to 0.28). County-level analyses and analyses limited to women younger than 50 found no statistically significant associations. Single intervention state, limited follow-up, potential confounding from unobserved trends. Breast density notification legislation in Connecticut was associated with a small increase in the proportion of women diagnosed with localized invasive breast cancer in individual-level but not county-level analyses. Whether this finding reflects potentially beneficial early detection or potentially harmful overdiagnosis is not known. Legislation was not associated with changes in regional or metastatic disease.

Lobular Carcinoma In Situ (LCIS)

MedlinePlus

Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) Overview Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) is an uncommon condition in which abnormal cells form in the ... of developing invasive breast cancer. Symptoms Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) doesn't cause signs or symptoms. Rather, ...

Trastuzumab Emtansine in Treating Older Patients With Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Positive Stage I-III Breast Cancer

ClinicalTrials.gov

2018-02-01

Estrogen Receptor Status; HER2 Positive Breast Carcinoma; Progesterone Receptor Status; Stage I Breast Cancer; Stage IA Breast Cancer; Stage IB Breast Cancer; Stage II Breast Cancer; Stage IIA Breast Cancer; Stage IIB Breast Cancer; Stage III Breast Cancer; Stage IIIA Breast Cancer; Stage IIIB Breast Cancer; Stage IIIC Breast Cancer

p62 Regulates the Proliferation of Molecular Apocrine Breast Cancer Cells

PubMed Central

Nozaki, Fumi; Hirotani, Yukari; Nakanishi, Yoko; Yamaguchi, Hiromi; Nishimaki, Haruna; Noda, Hiroko; Tang, Xiaoyan; Yamamoto, Hisae; Suzuki, Atsuko; Seki, Toshimi; Masuda, Shinobu

2016-01-01

p62, also called sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1), is a multifunctional signaling molecule that affects cell proliferation. Recently, we found accumulation of p62 in apocrine carcinoma of the breast, however, the biological role of p62 expression in apocrine carcinoma still remains unclear. To investigate whether p62 might contribute to tumor cell proliferation in apocrine carcinomas, we used the MDA-MB-453 (androgen receptor-positive, HER2-type) and MFM223 (androgen receptor-positive, triple-negative type) breast cancer cell lines as models of molecular apocrine carcinoma. Both MDA-MB-453 and MFM223 showed strong and d high p62 protein expression than MCF7 cells (androgen receptor-negative, luminal A type). Knockdown of p62 resulted in significant reduction of the cell proliferative activity in both MDA-MB-453 (P<0.01) and MFM223 (P<0.05). In conclusion, p62 could contribute to cell proliferation and represent a therapeutic target in apocrine carcinoma. PMID:27682016

p62 Regulates the Proliferation of Molecular Apocrine Breast Cancer Cells.

PubMed

Nozaki, Fumi; Hirotani, Yukari; Nakanishi, Yoko; Yamaguchi, Hiromi; Nishimaki, Haruna; Noda, Hiroko; Tang, Xiaoyan; Yamamoto, Hisae; Suzuki, Atsuko; Seki, Toshimi; Masuda, Shinobu

2016-08-30

p62, also called sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1), is a multifunctional signaling molecule that affects cell proliferation. Recently, we found accumulation of p62 in apocrine carcinoma of the breast, however, the biological role of p62 expression in apocrine carcinoma still remains unclear. To investigate whether p62 might contribute to tumor cell proliferation in apocrine carcinomas, we used the MDA-MB-453 (androgen receptor-positive, HER2-type) and MFM223 (androgen receptor-positive, triple-negative type) breast cancer cell lines as models of molecular apocrine carcinoma. Both MDA-MB-453 and MFM223 showed strong and d high p62 protein expression than MCF7 cells (androgen receptor-negative, luminal A type). Knockdown of p62 resulted in significant reduction of the cell proliferative activity in both MDA-MB-453 (P<0.01) and MFM223 (P<0.05). In conclusion, p62 could contribute to cell proliferation and represent a therapeutic target in apocrine carcinoma.

Cancer incidence, trends, and survival among immigrants to Sweden: a population-based study.

PubMed

Mousavi, Seyed Mohsen; Hemminki, Kari

2015-03-01

This review aimed at covering cancer risk trends by site and histology in first-generation and second-generation immigrants in Sweden compared with natives. In addition, we reviewed data on cancer survival in immigrants to explore factors explaining cancer survival in the entire population. The Swedish Family-Cancer Database was used to calculate standardized incidence ratios and hazard ratios (HRs) of death from cancer in 77,360 and 993,824 cases among first-generation, and 4356 and 263,485 cases among second-generation immigrants and Swedes, respectively. Ordinal logistic regression analyses were used to calculate odds ratio. To obtain the maximum number of cases, we classified the immigrants according to geographical setting, population, and/or cancer risk. Compared with native Swedes, the highest risk of cancer was observed for nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Southeast Asian men (standardized incidence ratio=35.6) and women (24.6), for hypopharyngeal carcinoma in Indian men (5.4), for squamous-cell carcinoma of the esophagus in Iranian women (3.8), for cardia of the stomach in East Asian women (4.2), for signet-ring cell carcinoma of the stomach in Southeast Asian women (6.7), for the liver in East Asian men (6.8), for the gall bladder in Indian women (3.8), for the pancreas in North African men (2.2), for large cell carcinoma of the lung in former Yugoslavian men (4.2), for pleural mesothelioma in Turkish women (23.8), for the cervix in Danes (1.6), for seminoma in Chileans (2.1), for transitional-cell carcinoma of the bladder in Asian Arab men (2.3), for meningioma in former Yugoslavians (1.3), and for papillary carcinoma of the thyroid in East and Southeast Asian men (3.6). No immigrant groups had an increased risk of breast, uterus, ovary, and prostate cancers or nervous system tumors. The HRs for all breast cancers were between 1.0 in low-risk Europeans and 1.2 in lowest-risk non-Europeans. Low-risk non-Europeans had an HR of 2.9 for lobular carcinoma. Low-risk non-Europeans were diagnosed in a higher T-class (odds ratio=1.9) than Swedes. The HRs for prostate cancer were 0.6 in Turks, Middle Easterners, Asians, and Chileans. In conclusion, environmental and behavioral factors, early-childhood exposures, and infections may play a major role in the risk of esophageal, stomach, liver, nasopharyngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers, malignant pleural mesothelioma, breast, gynecological, testicular, urinary bladder, and thyroid cancers. Pancreatic cancer and nervous system tumors may have a major genetic component in the etiology. The ethnic differences in the risk of breast cancer by histology had no major influence on survival. Middle Easterners, Asians, and Chileans, with the lowest risk of prostate cancer, also had the most favorable survival, suggesting a biological mechanism for this finding.

Tuberculous mastitis simulating carcinoma of the breast in a young Nigerian woman: a case report.

PubMed

Sabageh, Donatus; Amao, Emmanuel Afolabi; Ayo-Aderibigbe A, Adebisi; Sabageh, Adedayo Olukemi

2015-01-01

Tuberculous mastitis is an uncommon disease even in countries where tuberculosis is highly endemic. It typically presents a diagnostic challenge masquerading as carcinoma or other primary disease of the breast. We report the case of a young multiparous Nigerian woman who presented with a tender left breast lump and enlargement of the left axillary lymph nodes for which a provisional diagnosis of carcinoma of the breast was made after clinical and radiological evaluation. The mass was pathologically diagnosed as tuberculous mastitis and anti-tuberculous therapy was instituted although she later absconded. This case shows that TM may present a diagnostic challenge on clinical, radiologic and microbiological investigation. Therefore, a high index of suspicion as well as FNAC and/or histological evaluation of tissue samples remain very important its diagnosis.

Genetic Analysis in Blood and Tumor Samples From Patients With Advanced or Metastatic Estrogen Receptor Positive and HER2 Negative Breast Cancer Receiving Palbociclib and Endocrine Therapy

ClinicalTrials.gov

2018-04-18

Estrogen Receptor Positive; HER2/Neu Negative; Recurrent Breast Carcinoma; Stage III Breast Cancer; Stage IIIA Breast Cancer; Stage IIIB Breast Cancer; Stage IIIC Breast Cancer; Stage IV Breast Cancer

The breast lesion excision system (BLES) A preliminary experience.

PubMed

Citgez, Bulent; Atay, Murat; Yetkin, Gu Rkan; Kartal, Abdulcabbar; Mihmanli, Mehmet; Uludag, Mehmet

2016-01-01

BLES (Intact Breast lesion Excision System) is a new defined system which can remove the lesion completely. We aimed to evaluate and compare the results of BLES used for breast lesions requiring histological verification with other percutaneous biopsy methods in the literature. Patients with breast lesions smaller than 20mm and for whom biopsy was indicated were involved in the study. 18(1 male, 17 female, mean age: 41. 83, age range: 26-72) patients were included the study. BLES is applied with a single insertion. Radiofrequency is used to excise the breast tissue after the insertion. Around the lesion, tissue capture basket is moved back and forth. Once captured, the basket and the probe is removed from the incision area. All of the lesions were excised en-bloc. The only complication occured was subdermal hematoma in one case (5.5%) which resolved spontenously. Pathological analysis of the specimens revealed 9 fibroadenoma, 3 fibroadenomatosis hyperplasia, 3 complicated and calcified cysts, 1 ductal epithelial hyperplasia, 1 carcinoma in situ with intraductal papillary carcinoma focus and 1 ductal carcinoma in situ with 2 mm invasive carcinoma focus. The last two cases underwent resectıon and sentınal lymph node procedure. BLES is a is non-invasive method which has no need for additional initiatives in benign cases, provide sufficient samples for pathological diagnosis and remove the lesion in one piece. BLES method can be applied in selected cases. Breast Lesion Excision System, Breast, Biopsy, Radiofrequency, Lesion.

Keratin 17 is overexpressed and predicts poor survival in estrogen receptor-negative/human epidermal growth factor receptor-2-negative breast cancer.

PubMed

Merkin, Ross D; Vanner, Elizabeth A; Romeiser, Jamie L; Shroyer, A Laurie W; Escobar-Hoyos, Luisa F; Li, Jinyu; Powers, Robert S; Burke, Stephanie; Shroyer, Kenneth R

2017-04-01

Clinicopathological features of breast cancer have limited accuracy to predict survival. By immunohistochemistry (IHC), keratin 17 (K17) expression has been correlated with triple-negative status (estrogen receptor [ER]/progesterone receptor/human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 [HER2] negative) and decreased survival, but K17 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression has not been evaluated in breast cancer. K17 is a potential prognostic cancer biomarker, targeting p27, and driving cell cycle progression. This study compared K17 protein and mRNA expression to ER/progesterone receptor/HER2 receptor status and event-free survival. K17 IHC was performed on 164 invasive breast cancers and K17 mRNA was evaluated in 1097 breast cancers. The mRNA status of other keratins (16/14/9) was evaluated in 113 ER - /HER2 - ductal carcinomas. IHC demonstrated intense cytoplasmic and membranous K17 localization in myoepithelial cells of benign ducts and lobules and tumor cells of ductal carcinoma in situ. In ductal carcinomas, K17 protein was detected in most triple-negative tumors (28/34, 82%), some non-triple-negative tumors (52/112, 46%), but never in lobular carcinomas (0/15). In ductal carcinomas, high K17 mRNA was associated with reduced 5-year event-free survival in advanced tumor stage (n = 149, hazard ratio [HR] = 3.68, P = .018), and large (n = 73, HR = 3.95, P = .047), triple-negative (n = 103, HR = 2.73, P = .073), and ER - /HER2 - (n = 113, HR = 2.99, P = .049) tumors. There were significant correlations among keratins 17, 16, 14, and 9 mRNA levels suggesting these keratins (all encoded on chromosome 17) could be coordinately expressed in breast cancer. Thus, K17 is expressed in a subset of triple-negative breast cancers, and is a marker of poor prognosis in patients with advanced stage and ER - /HER2 - breast cancer. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Association of Fascin and matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression with poor prognostic parameters in breast carcinoma of Egyptian women.

PubMed

Youssef, Nermeen Salah; Hakim, Sarah Adel

2014-07-04

The effects of fascin on cell invasiveness involve changes in cell motility and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activity. Previous studies on the prognostic value of fascin and MMP-9 in breast carcinoma revealed conflicting results. To date, no immunohistochemical studies have been performed to assess the possible association between them in breast carcinoma. This study is designed to correlate their expression with prognostic parameters in breast carcinoma and assess the relationship between them. Immunohistochemical expression of fascin and MMP-9 was evaluated semi quantitatively in 67 cases of breast carcinoma regarding the percentage of positive cells. Chi square test and Fisher's exact test were used to examine the relationship between categorical variables. Kappa statistics was used to compute the measure of agreement between two investigational methods. Fascin and MMP-9 expressions were detected in 43.28% and 50.75% of breast carcinomas (respectively). Regarding the normal breast tissue, fascin expression was observed in myoepithelial cells and luminal cells of few ducts and acini. However, normal tissue showed negative MMP-9 expression. A significant relationship was observed between fascin and MMP-9 expression and lymph node metastases (p = 0.001 and 0.002 respectively), advanced tumor stage (p = 0.004 and 0.005 respectively), estrogen receptor negative (p = 0.002 and 0.005 respectively), progesterone receptor negative (p = 0.001 and 0.003 respectively) hormonal status and molecular subtypes (p = 0.0007 and 0.014 respectively). A significant strong agreement was detected between fascin and MMP-9 expression (p = 0.0001). More intense immunostaining of fascin and MMP-9 was observed at the invasive fronts compared with other areas of the tumor. Moreover, a significant moderate agreement between fascin and MMP-9 was found regarding the site of predominant intensity. Fascin and MMP-9 proteins are associated with parameters of poor prognosis in breast cancer. The significant strong agreement between the two markers supports the role of fascin in cell invasiveness by activating matrix proteases besides increasing cell motility. Both proteins may represent potential therapeutic targets for patients with breast cancer especially those with hormone receptor-negative status. The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1421167695121127.

Synchronous Bilateral Male Breast Cancer: A Case Report

PubMed Central

Sun, Woo-Young; Lee, Ki-Hyeong; Lee, Ho-Chang; Ryu, Dong-Hee; Park, Jin-Woo; Yun, Hyo-Young

2012-01-01

Synchronous bilateral breast cancer is extremely rare in men and has not, up to date, been reported in Korea. A 54-year-old man presented with a palpable mass in the right breast. The right nipple was retracted and bilateral axillary accessory breasts and nipples were present. On physical examination, a 2 cm-sized mass was palpated directly under the right nipple, and, with squeezing, bloody discharge developed in a single duct of the left nipple. There was no palpable mass in the left breast, and axillary lymph nodes were not palpable. Physical examination of external genitalia revealed a unilateral undescended testis on the left side. Synchronous bilateral breast cancer was diagnosed using mammography, ultrasonography, and core-needle biopsy. Histopathological examination revealed invasive ductal carcinoma in the right breast and ductal carcinoma in situ in the left breast. Bilateral total mastectomy, sentinel lymph node biopsy, and excision of accessory breasts in the axilla were performed. PMID:22807945

Synchronous bilateral male breast cancer: a case report.

PubMed

Sun, Woo-Young; Lee, Ki-Hyeong; Lee, Ho-Chang; Ryu, Dong-Hee; Park, Jin-Woo; Yun, Hyo-Young; Song, Young-Jin

2012-06-01

Synchronous bilateral breast cancer is extremely rare in men and has not, up to date, been reported in Korea. A 54-year-old man presented with a palpable mass in the right breast. The right nipple was retracted and bilateral axillary accessory breasts and nipples were present. On physical examination, a 2 cm-sized mass was palpated directly under the right nipple, and, with squeezing, bloody discharge developed in a single duct of the left nipple. There was no palpable mass in the left breast, and axillary lymph nodes were not palpable. Physical examination of external genitalia revealed a unilateral undescended testis on the left side. Synchronous bilateral breast cancer was diagnosed using mammography, ultrasonography, and core-needle biopsy. Histopathological examination revealed invasive ductal carcinoma in the right breast and ductal carcinoma in situ in the left breast. Bilateral total mastectomy, sentinel lymph node biopsy, and excision of accessory breasts in the axilla were performed.

Relationship between columnar cell changes and low-grade carcinoma in situ of the breast--a cytogenetic study.

PubMed

Go, Edna May L; Tsang, Julia Y S; Ni, Yun-Bi; Yu, Alex M; Mendoza, Paulo; Chan, Siu-Ki; Lam, Christopher C; Lui, Philip C; Tan, Puay-Hoon; Tse, Gary M

2012-11-01

Columnar cell lesions of the breast include columnar cell changes without atypia and columnar cell changes with atypia. The latter frequently coexist and share molecular changes with low-grade carcinoma in situ and invasive carcinoma, suggesting that columnar cell changes may be precursors to progression of low-grade advanced lesions. In this study, we assessed chromosomal aberrations at 16q, hallmark for low-grade lesions, in columnar cell changes with or without atypia and their adjacent carcinoma in situ by fluorescent in situ hybridization using 3 region-specific probes spanning the entire chromosomal arm. The results were correlated with the histomorphological features of the corresponding lesions. Forty-four percent of low-grade carcinoma in situ and 31% of high-grade carcinoma in situ were associated with columnar cell changes with atypia, suggesting a link between columnar cell changes with atypia and low-grade carcinoma in situ. For the genetic aberrations, heterozygous deletion of 16q was present in 56% of low-grade carcinoma in situ but only in 19% of high-grade carcinoma in situ. Conversely, aneuploidy was found mostly in high-grade carcinoma in situ (88%). Twenty percent of columnar cell changes with atypia but none of the columnar cell changes without atypia showed heterozygous deletion of 16q. Interestingly, the same changes in 16q were observed in the columnar cell changes and their associated low-grade carcinoma in situ lesions. These findings demonstrated a genetic commonality between columnar cell changes with atypia and low-grade carcinoma in situ and substantiated the precursor role of columnar cell changes with atypia for low-grade carcinoma in situ but not high-grade carcinoma in situ of the breast. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

[Metastases to the breast from non-mammary malignancies: a clinicopathologic study of 28 cases].

PubMed

Zhou, Shuling; Yu, Baohua; Cheng, Yufan; Xu, Xiaoli; Shui, Ruohong; Bi, Rui; Lu, Hongfen; Tu, Xiaoyu; Yang, Wentao

2014-04-01

To investigate the clinicopathologic characteristics and differential diagnosis of the metastases to the breast from non-mammary malignancies. Twenty-eight cases were collected from 2004 to 2012;microscopic pathologic examinations and immunohistochemistry (EnVision method) were performed. (1) All except one patients were female, ranging from 16 to 77 years old (average 45.8 years). Twenty-six (92.9%) patients initially presented with the primary site lesions; while the other two (7.1%) patients initially presented with breast lesions. The mean interval from primary diagnosis to detection of metastatic breast lesions was 32 months (0-228 months). Fifteen patients (53.6%) had other metastases detected simultaneously or preceded the breast lesions. (2) Macroscopically, all the tumors were relatively circumscribed, with a mean diameter of 4.0 cm (0.6-12.0 cm). The histological types of the corresponding primary tumors were as follows: eight (28.6%) cases from lung adenocarcinoma, five (17.8%) from high-grade ovarian serous carcinoma, three (10.7%) from gastric adenocarcinoma, two (7.1%) from rectal adenocarcinoma, one (3.6%) from pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma, one (3.6%) from prostatic carcinoma, four (14.3%) from melanoma, and four (14.3%) from mesenchymal malignant tumors (three rhabdomyosarcomas and one epithelioid malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, MPNST). (3) Histologically, the metastatic tumors showed the morphologic characteristics of the primary tumors. Lymph-vascular invasion was observed in 19 cases. Immunohistochemical features of metastatic tumors were consistent with the primary tumors. Molecular markers for breast such as GCDFP15 and mammaglobin were negative. Metastatic tumors from lung adenocarcinoma expressed TTF-1 (8/8). Ovarian serous carcinoma metastases were positive for PAX8 (5/5) and WT1 (4/5). Gastric adenocarcinoma metastases were positive for CDX2 (3/3) and villin (1/3). Rectal adenocarcinoma metastases were positive for CDX2 (2/2). Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor metastasis was positive for Syn and CgA (both 1/1). Prostate carcinoma metastasis was positive for AR, PSA and P504S (all 1/1). Melanoma metastases were positive for HMB45 (2/3) and S-100 protein (3/3). Rhabdomyosarcoma metastases were positive for vimentin, desmin and myoD1 (all 3/3). MPNST metastasis was positive for S-100 protein (1/1). (4) Follow-up data was available in 17 patients, with median follow-up time 54 months. The median survival from diagnosis to breast metastasis was 24 months.Seven of 17 patients died. Metastases to the breast from non-mammary malignancies are rare and show pathologic features of primary tumors. It is usually presumed to be a primary breast carcinoma. Histopathologic features and clinical history in conjunction with the immunohistochemical results should be considered in differentiating a secondary mass from a primary breast carcinoma.

Breast interest group faculty of radiation oncology: Australian and New Zealand patterns of practice survey on breast radiotherapy.

PubMed

Nguyen, Kimberley; Mackenzie, Penny; Allen, Angela; Dreosti, Marcus; Morgia, Marita; Zissiadis, Yvonne; Lamoury, Gilian; Windsor, Apsara

2017-08-01

This patterns of practice study was conducted on behalf of the RANZCR Breast Interest Group in order to document current radiotherapy practices for breast cancer in Australia and New Zealand. The survey identifies variations and highlights potential contentious aspects of radiotherapy management of breast cancer. A fifty-eight question survey was disseminated via the Survey Monkey digital platform to 388 Radiation Oncologists in Australia and New Zealand. In total, 156 responses were received and collated. Areas of notable consensus among respondents included hypofractionation (77.3% of respondents would 'always' or 'sometimes' consider hypofractionation in the management of ductal carcinoma in-situ and 99.3% in early invasive breast cancer); margin status in early breast cancer (73.8% believe a clear inked margin is sufficient and does not require further surgery) and use of bolus in post-mastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) (91.1% of participants use bolus in PMRT). Areas with a wider degree of variability amongst respondents included regional nodal irradiation and components of radiotherapy planning and delivery (examples include the technique used for delivery of boost and frequency of bolus application for PMRT). The results of these patterns of practice survey informs radiation oncologists in Australia and New Zealand of the current clinical practices being implemented by their peers. The survey identifies areas of consensus and contention, the latter of which may lead to a development of research trials and/or educational activities to address these areas of uncertainty. © 2016 The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists.

Anal metastasis as the sentinel and isolated presentation of invasive ductal breast carcinoma.

PubMed

Rengifo, C; Titi, S; Walls, J

2016-05-01

Breast cancer currently affects 1 in 8 women in the UK during their lifetime. Common sites for breast cancer metastasis include the axillary lymph nodes, bones, lung, liver, brain, soft tissue and adrenal glands. There is well documented evidence detailing breast metastasis to the gastrointestinal tract but anal metastasis is exceptionally rare. We present the case of a 78-year-old woman with an anal metastasis as the sentinel and isolated presentation of an invasive ductal breast carcinoma. As advances in the treatment of breast cancer improve, and with an ageing and expanding population, there will be an increasing number of cancer survivors, and more of these unusual presentations may be encountered in the future.

Axillary lymph node metastases in adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast. A rare finding

PubMed Central

SPILIOPOULOS, D.; MITSOPOULOS, G.; KAPTANIS, S.; HALKIAS, C.

2015-01-01

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the breast is a rare malignant salivary-type neoplasm that has a good prognosis and represents less than 1% of all breast cancers. It is a triple negative carcinoma that presents as a painful mass. The mean age at the time of diagnosis is 50–60 years old. The solid variant of this type of tumour with basaloid features and presence of nodal metastases is very rare and considered to have a more aggressive clinical course. We present a case with presence of axillary lymph node metastases that was successfully treated with no evidence of recurrence one year after the diagnosis and review the literature. PMID:26712257

Breast cancer in men

MedlinePlus

... in situ - male; Intraductal carcinoma - male; Inflammatory breast cancer - male; Paget disease of the nipple - male; Breast cancer - male ... The cause of breast cancer in men is not clear. But there are risk factors that make breast cancer more likely in men: Exposure to ...

MK2206 in Treating Patients With Stage I, Stage II, or Stage III Breast Cancer

ClinicalTrials.gov

2017-08-01

Estrogen Receptor Negative; Estrogen Receptor Positive; HER2/Neu Negative; HER2/Neu Positive; Progesterone Receptor Negative; Progesterone Receptor Positive; Stage IA Breast Cancer; Stage IB Breast Cancer; Stage IIA Breast Cancer; Stage IIB Breast Cancer; Stage IIIA Breast Cancer; Stage IIIB Breast Cancer; Stage IIIC Breast Cancer; Triple-Negative Breast Carcinoma

Doxorubicin Hydrochloride, Cyclophosphamide, and Paclitaxel With or Without Bevacizumab in Treating Patients With Lymph Node-Positive or High-Risk, Lymph Node-Negative Breast Cancer

ClinicalTrials.gov

2017-10-10

Estrogen Receptor Negative; Estrogen Receptor Positive; HER2/Neu Negative; Male Breast Carcinoma; Stage IA Breast Cancer; Stage IB Breast Cancer; Stage IIA Breast Cancer; Stage IIB Breast Cancer; Stage IIIA Breast Cancer; Stage IIIB Breast Cancer; Stage IIIC Breast Cancer

Durvalumab and Tremelimumab in Combination With First-Line Chemotherapy in Advanced Solid Tumors

ClinicalTrials.gov

2018-05-16

Small Cell Lung Carcinoma; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell of Head and Neck; Stomach Neoplasms; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms; Ovarian Neoplasms; Fallopian Tube Neoplasms; Peritoneal Neoplasms; Esophagogastric Junction Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal; Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Sentinel Lymph Nodes for Breast Carcinoma: An Update on Current Practice

PubMed Central

Maguire, Aoife; Brogi, Edi

2016-01-01

Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy has been established as the standard of care for axillary staging in patients with invasive breast carcinoma and clinically negative lymph nodes (cN0). Historically, all patients with a positive SLN underwent axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). The ACOSOG Z0011 trial showed that women with T1-T2 disease and cN0 who undergo breast conserving surgery and whole-breast radiotherapy can safely avoid ALND. The main goal of SLN examination should be to detect all macrometastases (>2mm). Gross sectioning SLNs at 2 mm intervals and microscopic examination of one H&E-stained section from each SLN block is the preferred method of pathologic evaluation of SLNs. The role and timing of SLN biopsy for patients having neoadjuvant chemotherapy is controversial and continues to be explored in clinical trials. SLN biopsies from patients with invasive breast carcinoma who have received neoadjuvant chemotherapy pose particular challenges for pathologists. PMID:26768036

Encapsulated Papillary Carcinoma in A Man with Gynecomastia: Ultrasonography, Mammography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features with Pathologic Correlation.

PubMed

Yılmaz, Ravza; Cömert, Rana Günöz; Aliyev, Samil; Toktaş, Yücel; Önder, Semen; Emirikçi, Selman; Özmen, Vahit

2018-04-01

Male breast cancer is an uncommon disease that constitutes 1% of all breast cancers and encapsulated papillary carcinoma (EPC) is a rare subtype of malignant male diseases. Gynecomastia is the most common disease of the male breast. We report a 63-year-old male patient with EPC accompanied by gynecomastia that was diagnosed and treated at our breast center. Mammography showed an oval-shaped dense mass with circumscribed margins on the ground of nodular gynecomastia. On ultrasonographic exam, we saw a well-circumscribed complex mass with a solid component which was vascular on Doppler ultrasonography. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a complex cystic mass containing solid components. Dynamic images showed enhancement of the cystic mass wall and mural components. Tumor stage was evaluated as T2N0. The lesion's histologic examination and immunohistochemical analysis by showing no myoepithelial layer revealed an encapsulated papillary carcinoma. To our knowledge, this is the first case report which describes MR imaging findings of male breast encapsulated papillary cancer.

Reduced MUC4 expression is a late event in breast carcinogenesis and is correlated with increased infiltration of immune cells as well as promoter hypermethylation in invasive breast carcinoma.

PubMed

Cho, Jin Seong; Park, Min Ho; Lee, Ji Shin; Yoon, Jung Han

2015-01-01

Altered expression of MUC4 is associated with tumor progression and immune surveillance, but the potential involvement of MUC4 in breast carcinogenesis has not been rigorously assessed. Immunohistochemical staining with anti-MUC4 antibody was performed in a total of 324 patients with 26 normal breasts, 25 usual ductal hyperplasia, 76 ductal carcinoma in situ, and 198 invasive breast carcinoma (IBC) using tissue microarray. Immunohistochemical staining for CD8, CD57, and CD1a and methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction were also performed in IBC. Reduced MUC4 expression in IBC was significantly higher than in usual ductal hyperplasia and ductal carcinoma in situ (P<0.001 and P<0.01, respectively). Reduced MUC4 expression in IBC was significantly correlated with promoter hypermethylation (P<0.05). No association between MUC4 expression and patient outcomes was identified. Intratumoral CD8 T cells and stromal CD57 natural killer cells were significantly increased in the reduced MUC4 expression group compared with those in the normal expression group (P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively). Our results suggest that tumor progression in breast epithelium is accompanied by reduced MUC4 protein expression. Reduced MUC4 expression correlates with increased tumor-infiltrating CD8 T and NK cells as well as promoter hypermethylation in IBC.

Myiasis associated with an invasive ductal carcinoma of the left breast: case study

PubMed Central

Rodrigues, Felipe Tavares; Klemig, Larissa Raquel; Cardozo, Marcos Roberto Pereira; Alves, Paulo Cesar; Aguiar, Valéria Magalhães; Lessa, Claudia Soares

2017-01-01

ABSTRACT Most breast cancers originate in the ductal epithelium and are referred to as invasive ductal carcinoma. In this study we report on the clinical procedures adopted to diagnose myiasis in association with infiltrating metastatic breast carcinoma in a female patient. A 41 years old woman came to the Federal Hospital of Andaraí complaining of intense itching, warmth, redness and hardening of the breast, which had acquired the aspect of an orange peel. A lesion in the left breast was cavitated, dimpled, had fetid odor, and had fibrotic and infected air nodules filled with exudate and Dipteran larvae. The tissue was cleaned and 33 larvae were extracted. The patient was hospitalized and received Ivermectin. Eighteen of the larvae extracted from the patient were placed in 70% alcohol, and twelve were placed in a container with sterile wood shavings under controlled conditions until they metamorphosed into adults. The taxonomic identification of the flies revealed that the culprit was Cochliomyia hominivorax. A histopathological exam conducted three months earlier had revealed infiltrating ductal carcinoma. Two months after the myiasis treatment, the breast tissue had healed. The patient had waited ten days from the onset of the myiasis to seek treatment, and that delay interfered negatively in the prognosis of both the neoplasm and the myiasis. This study is relevant to public health in view of the strong social impact of myiasis. PMID:28591263

Application of Abbreviated Protocol of Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Breast Cancer Screening in Dense Breast Tissue.

PubMed

Chen, Shuang-Qing; Huang, Min; Shen, Yu-Ying; Liu, Chen-Lu; Xu, Chuan-Xiao

2017-03-01

The study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of an abbreviated protocol (AP) of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in comparison to a full diagnostic protocol (FDP) of MRI in the breast cancer screening with dense breast tissue. There are 478 female participants with dense breast tissue and negative mammography results, who were imaged with MRI using AP and FDP. The AP and FDP images were analyzed separately, and the sensitivity and specificity of breast cancer detection were calculated. The chi-square test and receiver operating characteristics curves were used to assess the breast cancer diagnostic capabilities of the two protocols. Sixteen cases of breast cancer from 478 patients with dense breasts were detected using the FDP method, with pathologic confirmation of nine cases of ductal carcinoma in situ, six cases of invasive ductal carcinoma, and one case of mucinous carcinoma. Fifteen cases of breast cancer were successfully screened using the AP method. The sensitivity showed no obvious significant difference between AP and FDP (χ 2  = 0.592, P = 0.623), but the specificity showed a statistically significant difference (χ 2  = 4.619, P = 0.036). The receiver operating characteristics curves showed high efficacy of both methods in the detection of breast cancer in dense breast tissue (the areas under the curve were 0.931 ± 0.025 and 0.947 ± 0.024, respectively), and the ability to diagnose breast cancer was not statistically significantly different between the two methods. The AP of MRI may improve the detection rate of breast cancer in dense breast tissue, and it may be useful in efficient breast cancer screening. Copyright © 2017 The Association of University Radiologists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

[Geomagnetic field variations in the human prenatal period and cancer in adults].

PubMed

Iamshanov, V A

2007-01-01

Our earlier evidence pointed to a relationship between geomagnetic field (GMF) variations in pre- and early postnatal periods and appearance in the future of oncopathology in these patients. It appears to contribute to risk for such malignancies in adults as breast, lung, liver, bladder, kidney, prostate, hypophysis cancer, ovarian carcinoma, skin melanoma, Hodgkin's disease, lymphoma, and probably stomach cancer. No link was detected between esophageal, thyroid, colorectal cancer or cervical carcinoma, on the one hand, and GMF variations in prenatal period, on the other. It is suggested that low intensity of GMF is associated with increased death of macrophages and other granulocytes as well as nitric oxide formation both in fetal and maternal organism. The latter factor induces genes responsible for detoxication. In adults, under normal or disturbed GMF conditions, detoxication processes take care of excessive blood-nitric oxide. Both in fetus and mother, due to high GMF intensity, granulocyte decay is inhibited thus causing nitric oxide levels to fall. As a consequence, detoxication fails. That accounts for excessive blood-nitric oxide formation at adult stage when GMF intensity is low or normal. Nitric oxide causes certain nitrosamines to form, which are tissue-specific carcinogens. Therefore, the lower level of GMF oscillations was in pre- and early postnatal periods than in more late terms tumors appeared (for example, the negative correlation for breast cancer took place).

A Continuation Study Using Sunitinib Malate For Patients Leaving Treatment On A Previous Sunitinib Study.

ClinicalTrials.gov

2015-10-07

Metastatic Breast Cancer [F]; Advanced Breast Cancer; Metastatic Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer; Metastatic Renal Cell Cancer; Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer; Thyroid Cancer; Advanced/Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer; Advanced Gastric Cancer; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor; Hepatocellular Carcinoma; Pancreatic Islet Cell Carcinoma; Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor

Pleomorphic liposarcoma following radiotherapy for breast carcinoma

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Arbabi, L.; Warhol, M.J.

1982-03-01

A pleomorphic liposarcoma arising in a site previously irradiated as a treatment for breast carcinoma is described. This case fulfills the criteria for a tumor to be radiation-induced. The tumor is localized with an irradiated area, there is a clear histologic distinction between the previous and current tumor, and there is a long latent interval.

Accuracy of determining preoperative cancer extent measured by automated breast ultrasonography.

PubMed

Tozaki, Mitsuhiro; Fukuma, Eisuke

2010-12-01

The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of measuring preoperative cancer extent using automated breast ultrasonography (US). This retrospective study consisted of 40 patients with histopathologically confirmed breast cancer. All of the patients underwent automated breast US (ABVS; Siemens Medical Solutions, Mountain View, CA, USA) on the day before the surgery. The sizes of the lesions on US were measured on coronal multiplanar reconstruction images using the ABVS workstation. Histopathological measurement of tumor size included not only the invasive foci but also any in situ component and was used as the gold standard. The discrepancy of the tumor extent between automated breast US and the histological examination was calculated. Automated breast US enabled visualization of the breast carcinomas in all patients. The mean size of the lesions on US was 12 mm (range 4-62 mm). The histopathological diagnosis was ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) in seven patients and invasive ductal carcinoma in 33 patients (18 without an intraductal component, 15 with an intraductal component). Lesions ranged in diameter from 4 to 65 mm (mean 16 mm). The accuracy of determination of the tumor extent with a deviation in length of <2 cm was 98% (39/40). Automated breast US is thought to be useful for evaluating tumor extent preoperatively.

A large epidermoid cyst of breast mimicking carcinoma: A case report and review of literature

PubMed Central

Debnath, Debasish; Taribagil, Savita; Al-Janabi, Khalid J.S.; Inwang, Reggie

2012-01-01

INTRODUCTION Triple assessment of a suspicious breast lesion may not always provide a definite diagnosis. We report a case of epidermoid cyst of breast, which caused diagnostic dilemma in spite of a thorough triple assessment and entailed mastectomy. PRESENTATION OF CASE A 69-year-old woman presented with a large painful retroareolar left breast mass. Clinical examination, ultrasound and mammography were highly suspicious of malignancy. However, core biopsy suggested a benign lesion. Due to size of the lesion and diagnostic uncertainty, various options were discussed with the patient. She opted for a simple mastectomy. The histology confirmed a large epidermoid cyst. DISCUSSION It is rare for an epidermoid cyst to present as such an advanced lesion, mimicking carcinoma. Excision of such a large retroareolar ‘benign’ lesion, however, may sometime entail mastectomy. This is the first reported case of an epidermoid cyst of breast necessitating mastectomy. CONCLUSION Diagnostic dilemma while dealing with a suspected breast cancer is not rare. Involvement of multidisciplinary team as well as patient is important in the decision-making. The report illustrates a rare presentation of a deep seated large epidermoid cyst of breast, which mimicked carcinoma, caused diagnostic confusion and entailed mastectomy. We strongly advocate the option of breast reconstruction in such cases. PMID:22705938

Fibroblast growth factor 8 is expressed at higher levels in lactating human breast and in breast cancer.

PubMed

Zammit, C; Coope, R; Gomm, J J; Shousha, S; Johnston, C L; Coombes, R C

2002-04-08

Fibroblast growth factor 8 can transform NIH3T3 cells and its expression has been found to be associated with breast and prostate cancer. Following our finding that fibroblast growth factor 8 mRNA expression is increased in breast cancer, we have undertaken an immunohistochemistry study of fibroblast growth factor 8 expression in a series of human breast tissues and other normal tissues. Our findings confirm increased expression of fibroblast growth factor 8 in malignant breast tissue but also show significant fibroblast growth factor 8 expression in non-malignant breast epithelial cells. No significant difference in fibroblast growth factor 8 expression was found between different grades of ductal carcinoma, lobular carcinoma and ductal carcinoma in-situ or cancer of different oestrogen receptor, progesterone receptor or nodal status. The highest levels of fibroblast growth factor 8 expression were found in lactating breast tissues and fibroblast growth factor 8 was also detected in human milk. A survey of other normal tissues showed that fibroblast growth factor 8 is expressed in the proliferative cells of the dermis and epithelial cells in colon, ovary fallopian tube and uterus. Fibroblast growth factor 8 appears to be expressed in several organs in man and appears to have an importance in lactation.

The Clinical Application of Mastectomy With Single Incision Followed by Immediate Laparoscopic-Assisted Breast Reconstruction With Latissimus Dorsi Muscle Flap.

PubMed

Yuan, Huozhong; Xie, Donghua; Xiao, Xigang; Huang, Xingwei

2017-08-01

To explore the clinical application of mastectomy with single incision followed by immediate laparoscopic-assisted breast reconstruction with latissimus dorsi muscle flap. Fifteen women with primary early breast cancer, 3 women with breast ductal carcinoma in situ, and 7 women with severe plasma cell mastitis were treated with partial mastectomy or total mastectomy, sentinel lymph node biopsy, or axillary lymph node dissection through a breast lateral transverse incision. Subsequent breast reconstruction with latissimus dorsi muscle flap was assisted by laparoscopy. The patient's position, time used in dissecting latissimus dorsi muscle flap, size of latissimus dorsi muscle flap, postoperative complications, and the cosmetic results after reconstruction were assessed. All the operations were well done through the breast lateral transverse incision and assistance of laparoscopy. The patient's position was changed only once during the operation. It took 1.5 to 2 hours to dissect latissimus dorsi muscle flap. The sizes of the latissimus dorsi muscle flap were 5 to 8 × 12 to 16 cm. There were no serious postoperative complications noted. The patients were satisfied with the appearance of the breasts and the small surgical scar. The surgical approach introduced is minimally invasive with concealed scar and outstanding cosmetic results. It is worth promoting in clinical application.

Standardization of pathologic evaluation and reporting of postneoadjuvant specimens in clinical trials of breast cancer: recommendations from an international working group.

PubMed

Provenzano, Elena; Bossuyt, Veerle; Viale, Giuseppe; Cameron, David; Badve, Sunil; Denkert, Carsten; MacGrogan, Gaëtan; Penault-Llorca, Frédérique; Boughey, Judy; Curigliano, Giuseppe; Dixon, J Michael; Esserman, Laura; Fastner, Gerd; Kuehn, Thorsten; Peintinger, Florentia; von Minckwitz, Gunter; White, Julia; Yang, Wei; Symmans, W Fraser

2015-09-01

Neoadjuvant systemic therapy is being used increasingly in the treatment of early-stage breast cancer. Response, in the form of pathological complete response, is a validated and evaluable surrogate end point of survival after neoadjuvant therapy. Thus, pathological complete response has become a primary end point for clinical trials. However, there is a current lack of uniformity in the definition of pathological complete response. A review of standard operating procedures used by 28 major neoadjuvant breast cancer trials and/or 25 sites involved in such trials identified marked variability in specimen handling and histologic reporting. An international working group was convened to develop practical recommendations for the pathologic assessment of residual disease in neoadjuvant clinical trials of breast cancer and information expected from pathology reports. Systematic sampling of areas identified by informed mapping of the specimen and close correlation with radiological findings is preferable to overly exhaustive sampling, and permits taking tissue samples for translational research. Controversial areas are discussed, including measurement of lesion size, reporting of lymphovascular space invasion and the presence of isolated tumor cells in lymph nodes after neoadjuvant therapy, and retesting of markers after treatment. If there has been a pathological complete response, this must be clearly stated, and the presence/absence of residual ductal carcinoma in situ must be described. When there is residual invasive carcinoma, a comment must be made as to the presence/absence of chemotherapy effect in the breast and lymph nodes. The Residual Cancer Burden is the preferred method for quantifying residual disease in neoadjuvant clinical trials in breast cancer; other methods can be included per trial protocols and regional preference. Posttreatment tumor staging using the Tumor-Node-Metastasis system should be included. These recommendations for standardized pathological evaluation and reporting of neoadjuvant breast cancer specimens should improve prognostication for individual patients and allow comparison of treatment outcomes within and across clinical trials.

Effects of raf kinase inhibitor protein expression on metastasis and progression of human breast cancer.

PubMed

Li, Hong Zhao; Gao, Yan; Zhao, Xiu Lan; Liu, Yi Xin; Sun, Bao Cun; Yang, Jie; Yao, Zhi

2009-06-01

Raf kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) has been shown to be a metastasis suppressor in many kinds of malignant tumors. But its function in breast cancer was not yet clarified completely. We detected RKIP expression in clinical samples of primary breast cancer, breast cancer metastases, and in different breast cancer cells. Compared with the normal breast epithelia, benign breast epithelia, or in situ ductal carcinoma, the expression level of RKIP is decreased in invasive carcinoma and significantly reduced or lost in the metastasis lymph node matched to the invasive carcinoma. To explore the potential role of RKIP in breast cancer metastasis, we studied the effect of RKIP on the malignant phenotypes of the breast cancer cells with ectopically overexpression or knockdown of RKIP. Cell proliferation, soft-agar colony formation, in vitro adhesion assay, invasion, and migation assays were done to examine the malignant phenotypes of the transfected cells. Consequently, RKIP has no effect on in vitro proliferation rate or colony-forming ability of MDA-MB-435 cells. In vitro cell invasion and migration assays indicated that the RKIP expression was inversely associated with the invasiveness of MDA-MB-435 cells. Consistent with these results, in the orthotopic murine models, we observed that overexpression of RKIP in breast cancer cells impaired invasiveness and metastasis, whereas down-regulation of RKIP expression promoted invasiveness and metastasis. These results indicate that RKIP is a metastasis suppressor gene of human breast cancer.

Alteration of the bioenergetic phenotype of mitochondria is a hallmark of breast, gastric, lung and oesophageal cancer.

PubMed Central

Isidoro, Antonio; Martínez, Marta; Fernández, Pedro L; Ortega, Alvaro D; Santamaría, Gema; Chamorro, Margarita; Reed, John C; Cuezva, José M

2004-01-01

Recent findings indicate that the expression of the beta-catalytic subunit of the mitochondrial H+-ATP synthase (beta-F1-ATPase) is depressed in liver, kidney and colon carcinomas, providing further a bioenergetic signature of cancer that is associated with patient survival. In the present study, we performed an analysis of mitochondrial and glycolytic protein markers in breast, gastric and prostate adenocarcinomas, and in squamous oesophageal and lung carcinomas. The expression of mitochondrial and glycolytic markers varied significantly in these carcinomas, when compared with paired normal tissues, with the exception of prostate cancer. Overall, the relative expression of beta-F1-ATPase was significantly reduced in breast and gastric adenocarcinomas, as well as in squamous oesophageal and lung carcinomas, strongly suggesting that alteration of the bioenergetic function of mitochondria is a hallmark of these types of cancer. PMID:14683524

Radioimmune localization of occult carcinoma

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Duda, R.B.; Zimmer, A.M.; Rosen, S.T.

1990-07-01

Patients with a rising serum carcinoembryonic antigen level and no clinical or roentgenographic evidence of recurrent or metastatic cancer present a treatment dilemma. Eleven such patients, 10 with a previously treated colorectal carcinoma and 1 with a previously treated breast carcinoma, received an injection of the anticarcinoembryonic antigen monoclonal antibody ZCE-025 labeled with the radioisotope indium 111. Nuclear scintigraphy was performed on days 3 and 5 through 7 to detect potential sites of tumor recurrence. The monoclonal antibody scan accurately predicted the presence or absence of occult malignancy in 7 (64%) patients. Second-look laparotomy confirmed the monoclonal antibody scan resultsmore » in the patients with colorectal cancer, and magnetic resonance imaging confirmed metastatic breast cancer. This study demonstrates that In-ZCE-025 can localize occult carcinoma and may assist the surgeon in facilitating the operative exploration. In-ZCE-025 assisted in the initiation of adjuvant therapy for the patient with breast cancer.« less

A Study Evaluating MM-310 in Patients With Solid Tumors

ClinicalTrials.gov

2018-02-26

Solid Tumors; Urothelial Carcinoma; Gastric Carcinoma; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck; Ovarian Cancer; Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma; Prostate Adenocarcinoma; Non-small Cell Lung Cancer; Small Cell Lung Cancer; Triple Negative Breast Cancer; Endometrial Carcinoma; Soft Tissue Sarcoma

Oncologic principles in breast reconstruction.

PubMed

Cho, B C John; McCready, David R

2007-01-01

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in North American women. Although the incidence has risen over the last 20 years, mortality rates appear to be decreasing, possibly as a result of earlier detection and more effective therapy. Breast cancer is a heterogeneous group of conditions that can be divided into the noninvasive entities of lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) and ductal carcinoma-in-situ (DCIS), and invasive cancers. In this article, the spectrum of breast cancer is presented from the noninvasive entities, through invasive breast cancer types, to advanced and recurrent cancer. The rationales for current treatment options are presented. Evidence is presented for current adjuvant treatment options, and the rationale for surgical decision-making is presented.

Colorectal breast carcinoma metastasis diagnosed as an obstructive colonic primary tumor. A case report and review of the literature.

PubMed

Théraux, J; Bretagnol, F; Guedj, N; Cazals-Hatem, D; Panis, Y

2009-12-01

Common sites of colorectal breast carcinoma metastasis are bones, lungs, the central nervous system and the liver. Metastases in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract are rare and especially involve the stomach rather than the colon. Clinical or radiological features usually cannot differentiate them from a primary colorectal tumor, resulting in inappropriate treatment. In some cases, this lesion suggests multifocal spread of breast cancer with peritoneal carcinomatosis. Colorectal breast cancer metastasis is a rare finding and there is no consensus on the management of these lesions. The present case report describes a 69-year-old female with metastatic breast cancer presenting as an obstructive tumor of the transverse colon.

Metaplastic breast carcinoma: case series and review of the literature.

PubMed

Esbah, Onur; Turkoz, Fatma P; Turker, Ibrahim; Durnali, Ayse; Ekinci, Ahmet S; Bal, Oznur; Sonmez, Ozlem Uysal; Budakoglu, Burcin; Arslan, Ulku Y; Oksuzoglu, Berna

2012-01-01

Metaplastic breast carcinoma (MpBC) is a rare disease entity, accounting for less than 1% of all breast carcinomas. Furthermore, it is a heterogenous disease with different subgroups, including malignant epithelial (carcinoma) and stromal (sarcoma) features. Here we evaluated, retrospectively, 14 female MpBC patients admitted to Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital between 2005 and 2011. Median age was 45.5 (range:16.0-76.0) and tumor size 57.5 mm (range: 20.0-80.0 mm). Histopathological subtypes were as follows: 5 carcinosarcoma, 5 squamous and 4 adenosquamous carcinoma. All but one with upfront lung metastasis, had their primary breast tumor operated. Axillary lymph nodes were involved in 64.3%. The most common sites of metastasis were lungs and brain. Chemotherapy including antracycline, taxane and even platinium was planned for adjuvant, neoadjuvant and palliative purposes in 9, 3 and 1 patient, respectively. Median cycles of chemotherapy was 6 (range:4-8). Median follow-up of the patients was 52 months (95%CI 10.4-93.6 month). Median 3 year progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in this patients cohort were 33% and 56%, respectively. In conclusion, MpBC is a rare and orphan disease without standardized treatment approaches and the prognosis is poor so that larger studies to investigate different treatment schedules are urgently needed.

An unusual case of mammary gland-like carcinoma of vulva: case report and review of literature.

PubMed

Baykal, C; Dünder, I; Turkmen, I C; Ozyar, E

2015-01-01

Accessory breast tissue is a very rare finding in the general population with an incidence of one to two percent. An even rarer occurrence is accessory mammary-like tissue which developed breast carcinoma. The authors present a case of aggressive and metastatic carcinoma of vulvar originating from mammary-like tissue. A 73-year-old Caucasian female presented with a lesion in her left vulva. The lesion was ulcerated and fragile. A dermatologist had evaluated the lesion and took a punch biopsy. Result was vulvar carcinoma. She was admitted to the gynecologic oncology clinic then after and was operated. After a radical vulvectomy and bilateral inguinal lymphadenectomy she received adjuvant radiotherapy because of lymph node metastasis. One year after the finish of radiotherapy patient was found to have lung and femur metastasis. She began to receive systemic chemotherapy for metastasis. Primary mammary-like adenocarcinoma of the vulva is exceedingly rare. There is no consensus about the diagnosis, treatment, and follow up of these patients in literature. However, given that histological data confirms these cancers are behaving like breast cancers instead of known patterns of vulva cancer, the best treatment practices for breast cancer may be applied to treat these vulvar carcinoma patients.

Use of FTA cards for the storage of breast carcinoma nucleic acid on fine-needle aspiration samples.

PubMed

Peluso, Anna Lucia; Cascone, Anna Maria; Lucchese, Lucrezia; Cozzolino, Immacolata; Ieni, Antonio; Mignogna, Chiara; Pepe, Stefano; Zeppa, Pio

2015-10-01

The preservation and storage of nucleic acids is important for DNA molecular techniques. The material obtained by fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is often scanty and can not be wasted. FTA cards are filter papers that immobilize and stabilize nucleic acids and can be stored at room temperature. The current study evaluated whether nucleic acids of breast carcinoma cells, obtained by FNA in a clinical setting, may be collected, stored, and preserved on FTA cards. Thirty breast carcinoma, 5 non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), and 5 benign reactive lymph node (RLN) cell samples obtained by FNA were stored at -80 °C and on FTA cards. DNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction were performed on cells at -80 °C and on 2 punched disks of FTA cards. Fifty nanograms of extracted DNA from both sample types were used to amplify the Janus Kinase 2 (JAK2) gene. The mean value of DNA extracted from breast carcinoma cells was 28.19 ng/µL for that stored at -80 °C and 3.28 ng/µL for that stored on FTA cards. Agarose gel analysis demonstrated expected bands of DNA in 29 cases (97%) with both methods. The mean value of DNA extracted from NHL and RLN samples was 37.54 ng/µL and 4.28 ng/µL, respectively, and agarose gel analysis demonstrated bands of high molecular weight DNA in both methods. Significant differences in DNA yield were found between storage at -80 °C and FTA cards (P<.0001), but no differences were detected between 260/280 nm ratios in breast carcinoma and NHL/RLN samples. FTA cards can be conveniently used for the storage of breast carcinoma cells obtained by FNA, thus providing a reliable alternative to traditional methods. © 2015 American Cancer Society.

Cribriform carcinoma mimicking breast abscess - case report. Diagnostic and therapeutic management.

PubMed

Dobruch-Sobczak, Katarzyna; Roszkowska-Purska, Katarzyna; Chrapowicki, Eryk

2013-06-01

The authors presents a case of cribriform breast carcinoma in a cyst that clinically imitated an abscess. The case concerns a 71-year-old female patient treated for ankylosing spondylitis, with a positive family history of breast cancer. The patient presented at the surgical clinic for incision of an abscess of the mammary gland localized in the lower inner quadrant that was a consequence of previous trauma to the right breast. The abscess was incised and the serosanguineous contents were evacuated. The wound was drained and antibiotics (Dalacin with Metronidazol) were administered for the period of 10 days. During the treatment, a cutaneous fistula was formed. At the incision site, a hard thickening was palpable (tumor). Core needle biopsy of the clinically palpable tumor was performed and the purulent material from the fistula was collected for a culture test. Complete blood count did not reveal leucocytosis. In accordance with the obtained sensitivity report, the patient was started on antibiotics again. Breast ultrasound performed upon the completion of the antibiotic therapy, in the right breast, revealed two solidcystic oval lesions with thick echogenic walls and blurred margins. Both masses contained dense levels of fluid material and solid polycyclic structures. On sonoelastography, the lesions were heterogeneous with a high Young's modulus. In the right axillary fossa, ultrasound examination revealed three abnormal lymph nodes enlarged to 31 mm length, which were rounded, hypoechoic and without visible sinuses. Histopathology of the core needle biopsy performed at admittance and after the antibiotic therapy indicated a breast abscess (presence of fibrinous and partly fibrinopurulent material). The mass was finally resected to confirm histopathology. The resected material revealed the presence of an invasive, moderately differentiated cribriform carcinoma, which developed within a cyst, with a 40% necrotic component. Eighteen months after the commencement of treatment, the patient remains under oncological supervision and continues hormonal therapy. There are no signs of relapse or foci of distant metastases. The occurrence of breast carcinoma within an abscess emphasises the need for comprehensive assessment and correlation of the clinical picture with imaging and histopathological findings. It also highlights the necessity to include breast abscess in the differential diagnosis of rare forms of carcinomas.

Breast Cancer in a 19-Year-Old Female Adolescent Identified with Li-Fraumeni Syndrome.

PubMed

Jay, Allison M; Hamame, Anthony S; Dul, Carrie; Wesen, Cheryl

2017-02-01

Breast cancer is rare in adolescents. In one study, breast carcinoma accounted for 0.02% of breast masses surgically removed in young women. We report a case of breast cancer in a 19-year-old woman who was found to have Li-Fraumeni Syndrome. The patient presented with a new, hard, nonmobile lump in the right breast which prompted her to seek medical attention. A biopsy identified invasive ductal carcinoma. Genetic testing showed a p53 mutation associated with Li-Fraumeni syndrome. Although breast masses in young women are mostly benign, one must entertain the possibility of more serious conditions when a breast mass is identified with concerning medical or physical findings. Genetic testing might be informative for such patients. Copyright © 2016 North American Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Clinicopathological features of gastric metastasis from breast cancer in three cases.

PubMed

Koike, Kenta; Kitahara, Kenji; Higaki, Mayumi; Urata, Masako; Yamazaki, Fumio; Noshiro, Hirokazu

2014-09-01

The common sites for metastases from breast cancer are lymph nodes, bone, lung, liver, and brain. Gastrointestinal (GI) metastasis is rarely found or diagnosed in patients with breast cancer. This report presents three cases of gastric metastasis from breast cancer. Case 1 was a 42-year-old female diagnosed with gastric metastasis after mastectomy with axillary lymph node dissection for invasive lobular carcinoma of the left breast. Case 2 was a 54-year-old female who was diagnosed to have invasive lobular carcinoma of the left breast with systemic bone and gastric metastasis. Case 3 was a 54-year-old female who was diagnosed to have bilateral invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast with simultaneous bone and gastric metastasis. The immunohistochemical statuses for estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, mammaglobin, and gross cystic disease fluid protein-15 (GCDFP-15) between the primary and gastric metastatic lesions were all well matched. All three cases were treated with systemic chemotherapy, hormone therapy or both, without surgical intervention for gastric lesions. Two patients with disseminated disease died 27 and 58 months after diagnosis of gastric metastasis, while one patient without organ metastasis is still alive at 56 months after diagnosis. It is important to make a correct diagnosis by distinguishing gastric metastasis from breast cancer in order to select the optimal initial treatment for systemic disease of breast cancer.

Facial paralysis caused by metastasis of breast carcinoma to the temporal bone.

PubMed

Lan, Ming-Ying; Shiao, An-Suey; Li, Wing-Yin

2004-11-01

Metastatic tumors to the temporal bone are very rare. The most common sites of origin of temporal bone metastases are breast, lung, kidney, gastrointestinal tract, larynx, prostate gland, and thyroid gland. The pathogenesis of spread to the temporal bone is most commonly by the hematogenous route. The common otologic symptoms that manifest with facial nerve paralysis are often thought to be due to a mastoid infection. Here is a report on a case of breast carcinoma presenting with otalgia, otorrhea, and facial paralysis for 2 months. The patient was initially diagnosed as mastoiditis, and later the clinical impression was revised to metastatic breast carcinoma to temporal bone, based on the pathologic findings. Metastatic disease should be considered as a possible etiology in patients with a clinical history of malignant neoplasms presenting with common otologic or vestibular symptoms, especially with facial nerve paralysis.

Granulomatous Lobular Mastitis.

PubMed

Mahlab-Guri, Keren; Asher, Ilan; Allweis, Tanir; Diment, Judith; Sthoeger, Zev M; Mavor, Eliezer

2015-08-01

Granulomatous lobular mastitis (GLM) is a rare disorder that can clinically mimic breast carcinoma. The recommendation for diagnosis and treatment of GLM has not yet been established. To assess a series of GLM patients, including their clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment and outcome. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data and treatment of 17 female patients with biopsy-proven GLM. Breast tissue was obtained by a core needle biopsy (15 patients) or open biopsy (2 patients). Images were reviewed by an experienced radiologist. The mean age of the patients at diagnosis was 44.6 ± 12.6 years. Five patients (29%) presented with bilateral disease, and seven (41%) presented with a mass, suggesting the initial diagnosis of breast carcinoma. Treatment comprised observation alone (23%), antibiotics (58.8%) and/or corticosteroids (with or without methotrexate) (35%). At the end of the study 70.6% of the patients demonstrated complete remission. None of the patients developed any systemic (granulomatous) disease or breast carcinoma during the follow-up period (4.7 ± 3.8 years). Core needle biopsy is mandatory for the diagnosis of GLM and the exclusion of breast carcinoma. The recommended treatment modalities are observation alone or corticosteroids; surgery should be avoided. GLM is a benign disease with a high rate of resolution and complete remission.

Gastric metastasis of breast cancer: a single centre retrospective study.

PubMed

Almubarak, Maher M; Laé, Marick; Cacheux, Wulfran; de Cremoux, Patricia; Pierga, Jean-Yves; Reyal, Fabien; Bennett, Simon P; Falcou, Marie-Christine; Salmon, Remy J; Baranger, Bernard; Mariani, Pascale

2011-10-01

Digestive metastasis of breast cancer are rare but when they do occur the stomach is one of the commoner sites. To describe the clinical, endoscopic, pathological features and treatment. 35 cases of gastric metastasis were identified retrospectively between 1980 and 2008. The location of the gastric metastasis was fundus (n=15, 43%), antrum (n=15, 43%) or both (n=5, 14%). The histological subtype of primary breast cancer was invasive lobular carcinoma in 34 patients (97%). Hormonal receptors were positive in 19 out of 24 cases (79%), two out of 22 analysed were HER2 positive (9%). There were 16 (46%) patients with peritoneal carcinosis. The treatment was chemotherapy (n=13, 37%), hormonotherapy (n=2, 6%) or both (n=13, 37%). The 2-year survival rate after gastric metastasis diagnosis was 53% with a median follow up of 31 months [7-84 months]. Ninety-seven percent of gastric metastasis from breast cancers are derived from invasive lobular carcinoma. Seventy-nine percent of these are HER+ and comparison with the original histopathological slides of primary breast carcinoma should be performed to differentiate gastric metastasis from primary gastric carcinoma. Peritoneal carcinomatosis accompanied gastric metastasis in almost half the cases in this series and treatment was generally chemotherapy. Copyright © 2011 Editrice Gastroenterologica Italiana S.r.l. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The Effect of Simvastatin on Breast Cancer Cell Growth in Women With Stage I-II Breast Cancer

ClinicalTrials.gov

2018-03-02

Invasive Breast Carcinoma; Stage I Breast Cancer AJCC v7; Stage IA Breast Cancer AJCC v7; Stage IB Breast Cancer AJCC v7; Stage II Breast Cancer AJCC v6 and v7; Stage IIA Breast Cancer AJCC v6 and v7; Stage IIB Breast Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

Absence of estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) gene amplification in a series of breast cancers in Taiwan.

PubMed

Chen, Jim-Ray; Hsieh, Tsan-Yu; Chen, Huang-Yang; Yeh, Kun-Yan; Chen, Kuo-Su; ChangChien, Yi-Che; Pintye, Mariann; Chang, Liang-Che; Hwang, Cheng-Cheng; Chien, Hui-Ping; Hsu, Yuan-Chun

2014-06-01

Immunohistochemical expression of ERα, encoded by the ESR1 (estrogen receptor 1) gene located at 6q25.1, is the most important determinant of responsiveness to endocrine therapy in breast cancer. The prevalence and significance of ESR1 amplification in breast cancer remain controversial. We set out to assess ESR1 status and its relevance in breast cancer in Taiwan. We tested tissue samples from 311 invasive carcinomas in a tissue microarray for ESR1 status by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH). In order to examine its association with ERα and ESR1 status, HER2 status was determined by FISH. Of the carcinomas, 58.8 % (183/311) was ERα positive. None of the carcinomas showed amplification of ESR1 by either method, whereas 24.1 % (75/311) of the carcinomas harbored HER2 amplification. Of the carcinomas, 9.6 % (26/301) showed ESR1 gain (1.3 ≤ ratio ESR1/chromosome 6 < 2) by FISH and 10 % (24/299) by CISH. FISH and CISH results showed a good correlation (κ-coefficient = 0.786). ESR1 gain by FISH and CISH was significantly associated with high-grade (P = 0.0294 and 0.0417, respectively) but not with ERα expression, HER2 status, or overall survival. ERα positivity was significantly associated with better overall survival (P = 0.039). HER2 amplification was significantly related with poor overall survival (P = 0.002). Our data confirm that in breast cancer, HER2 amplification is a frequent genetic aberration and a negative prognostic factor, and show that ESR1 amplification is not a key genetic abnormality in the tumorigenesis of breast cancer in Taiwan.

LAPTM4B gene copy number gain is associated with inferior response to anthracycline-based chemotherapy in hormone receptor negative breast carcinomas.

PubMed

Rusz, Orsolya; Papp, Orsolya; Vízkeleti, Laura; Molnár, Béla Ákos; Bende, Kristóf Csaba; Lotz, Gábor; Ács, Balázs; Kahán, Zsuzsanna; Székely, Tamás; Báthori, Ágnes; Szundi, Csilla; Kulka, Janina; Szállási, Zoltán; Tőkés, Anna-Mária

2018-05-16

To determine the associations between lysosomal-associated transmembrane protein 4b (LAPTM4B) gene copy number and response to different chemotherapy regimens in hormone receptor negative (HR-) primary breast carcinomas. Two cohorts were analyzed: (1) 69 core biopsies from HR-breast carcinomas treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (anthracycline based in 72.5% of patients and non-anthracycline based in 27.5% of patients). (2) Tissue microarray (TMA) of 74 HR-breast carcinomas treated with adjuvant therapy (77.0% of the patients received anthracycline, 17.6% of the patients non-anthracycline-based therapy, and in 5.4% of the cases, no treatment data are available). Interphase FISH technique was applied on pretreatment core biopsies (cohort I) and on TMAs (cohort II) using custom-made dual-labelled FISH probes (LAPTM4B/CEN8q FISH probe Abnova Corp.). In the neoadjuvant cohort in the anthracycline-treated group, we observed a significant difference (p = 0.029) of average LAPTM4B copy number between the non-responder and pathological complete responder groups (4.1 ± 1.1 vs. 2.6 ± 0.1). In the adjuvant setting, the anthracycline-treated group of metastatic breast carcinomas was characterized by higher LAPTM4B copy number comparing to the non-metastatic ones (p = 0.046). In contrast, in the non-anthracycline-treated group of patients, we did not find any LAPTM4B gene copy number differences between responder vs. non-responder groups or between metastatic vs. non-metastatic groups. Our results confirm the possible role of the LAPTM4B gene in anthracycline resistance in HR- breast cancer. Analyzing LAPTM4B copy number pattern may support future treatment decision.

Multiple expression patterns of biopathological markers in primary invasive breast carcinoma: a useful tool for elucidating its biological behaviour.

PubMed

Ceccarelli, C; Santini, D; Chieco, P; Taffurelli, M; Marrano, D; Mancini, A M

1995-03-01

Commonly used clinical and morphologic criteria have been reported to be of limited value in predicting the outcome of malignant tumours of the breast. Integrated information from the quantitative analysis in tumour tissue of biological parameters such as oestrogen and progesterone receptors (ER and PGR), proliferative activity, and proto-oncogene p53, c-erB2, and bcl-2 expression, may be useful for defining the biology of growth of breast carcinoma and to plan effective therapeutic strategies. Immunohistochemistry with antibodies recognizing ER, PGR, Ki-67, and the p53, c-erbB2, and bcl-2 encoded proteins was performed on 291 primary breast carcinomas. Results were integrated with clinico-pathological indicators and examined with multivariate statistical procedures and modeling. P53, c-erbB2, and bcl-2 gene products were detected, respectively, in 30.6%, 31.6%, and 85.9% of the examined invasive breast carcinomas, revealing variable associations with cellular differentiation and proliferation as defined by ER/PGR status, Ki-67, tumour mass and histologic and nuclear grading. A multivariate graphical display on a subset of the most informative cases revealed that bcl-2 expression parallels ER/PGR status and is of importance in separating tumour clusters with different degrees of aggressiveness. The results of this study indicate that multivariate explorative analyses conducted on biological and clinico-pathological parameters might constitute an integrated approach to data analysis useful for distinguishing different biological behaviours and therapeutic groups in breast carcinoma. Our findings also suggest that bcl-2 expression may play a pivotal role in tumours lacking ER-mediated growth regulation.

Paclitaxel and Carboplatin in Treating Patients With Metastatic or Recurrent Solid Tumors and HIV Infection

ClinicalTrials.gov

2017-12-19

HIV Infection; Recurrent Anal Cancer; Recurrent Breast Cancer; Recurrent Esophageal Cancer; Recurrent Gastric Cancer; Recurrent Metastatic Squamous Neck Cancer With Occult Primary; Recurrent Non-small Cell Lung Cancer; Recurrent Ovarian Epithelial Cancer; Recurrent Salivary Gland Cancer; Recurrent Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Hypopharynx; Recurrent Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Larynx; Recurrent Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lip and Oral Cavity; Recurrent Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Nasopharynx; Recurrent Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oropharynx; Recurrent Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Paranasal Sinus and Nasal Cavity; Recurrent Verrucous Carcinoma of the Larynx; Recurrent Verrucous Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity; Salivary Gland Squamous Cell Carcinoma; Stage IV Anal Cancer; Stage IV Breast Cancer; Stage IV Esophageal Cancer; Stage IV Gastric Cancer; Stage IV Non-small Cell Lung Cancer; Stage IV Ovarian Epithelial Cancer; Stage IV Salivary Gland Cancer; Stage IV Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Hypopharynx; Stage IV Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Larynx; Stage IV Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lip and Oral Cavity; Stage IV Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Nasopharynx; Stage IV Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oropharynx; Stage IV Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Paranasal Sinus and Nasal Cavity; Stage IV Verrucous Carcinoma of the Larynx; Stage IV Verrucous Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity; Unspecified Adult Solid Tumor, Protocol Specific

Contralateral breast metastasis from pulmonary adenocarcinoma: two cases report and literature review

PubMed Central

Ji, Fang-Fang; Gao, Peng; Wang, Ji-Gang; Zhao, Jie

2012-01-01

Carcinoma metastatic to breast from extra-mammary malignancy is rare and only accounts for 0.4-1.3% of all breast cancer. Two rare cases of single breast metastasis from pulmonary adenocarcinoma were reported here with a brief review of the pertinent literature. The only complaint of the these two female patients was painless breast mass found recently. Most breast metastasis previously reported are present in the upper outer quadrant, however, in our study, one case was found to be located in the lower inner quadrant and the other in the upper inner quadrant. Tumor cells from breast biopsy were immune-positive for thyroid transcription factor-1. The two patients survived 5 and 8 months, respectively, following the diagnosis of both the primary lung tumor and the breast metastasis. Breast metastasis from lung adenocarcinoma is rare but does exist. The awareness of this possibility may help to differentiate the tumor from primary breast carcinoma. Clinical history and immunohistochemical studies are essential to reach the final diagnosis. PMID:22934141

MYB Labeling by Immunohistochemistry Is More Sensitive and Specific for Breast Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma than MYB Labeling by FISH.

PubMed

Poling, Justin S; Yonescu, Raluca; Subhawong, Andrea P; Sharma, Rajni; Argani, Pedram; Ning, Yi; Cimino-Mathews, Ashley

2017-07-01

Breast adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a primary breast carcinoma that, like salivary gland ACC, displays the t(6;9) translocation resulting in the MYB-NFIB gene fusion and immunopositivity for MYB by immunohistochemistry (IHC). However, it is not well established whether MYB immunoreactivity or rearrangement can be used to support a diagnosis of ACC in a malignant basaloid or benign cribriform breast lesion. Whole sections of primary breast ACC (n=11), collagenous spherulosis (CS; n=7), and microglandular adenosis (MGA; n=5) and tissue microarrays containing 16 basal-like, triple-negative breast carcinomas (TNBC) were labeled for MYB by IHC and underwent MYB fluorescence in situ hybridization using a break-apart probe. Strong, diffuse nuclear MYB labeling was seen in 100% ACC compared with no cases of basal-like TNBC, CS, or MGA (P=0.0001). Any degree of nuclear MYB labeling was seen in 100% ACC compared with 54% of all other cases (P=0.007), with any labeling seen in 71% CS, 63% basal-like TNBC, and 0% MGA. MYB rearrangement was detected in 89% (8/9) of evaluable ACC compared with 4% (1/26) of all other evaluable cases (P=0.0001), with a rearrangement detected in 1 (7%; n=1/15) evaluable basal-like TNBC. Strong, diffuse nuclear labeling for MYB is more sensitive than MYB fluorescence in situ hybridization for breast ACC and can be used to support a diagnosis of ACC in a cribriform or basaloid lesion in the breast. However, weak and focal labeling should be interpreted with caution as it can be seen in other benign cribriform and malignant basaloid lesions.

Utility of Tru-Cut Biopsy of Breast Lesions - An Experience in a Regional Cancer Center of a Developing Country

PubMed Central

Panda, Niharika; Besra, Kusumabati; Pattanayak, Lucy; Samantara, Subrat; Dash, Sashibhusan

2017-01-01

Introduction Tru-cut Needle Biopsy (TCB) is an integral part of triple assessment of breast cancer, which includes clinical assessment, mammography and TCB or Core Needle Biopsy (CNB). The technique is reliable, simple, and reproducible, and inexpensive, which can be adapted even for low-income group of patients and in developing countries. Aim This study was done to establish the efficacy of TCB of palpable breast lesions in a developing country where mammography is not possible in all cases. Materials and Methods A retrospective analysis of 892 TCBs was done in AH Regional Cancer Centre, Cuttack, Odisha, India where TCBs were performed in patients presenting to outpatient department with palpable breast lesions. The H&E stained sections were interpreted by pathologists of the same centre. Diagnosis was classified into different categories. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for Estrogen Receptor (ER), Progesterone Receptor (PR) and Her-2/neu was done and interpreted by Allred scoring system. Results A total 892 TCBs were analysed with 23 repeat TCBs. There were 13 (1.4%) male patients. A total of 747 cases (83.6%) were diagnosed as malignant, including 735 carcinomas, nine malignant phyllodes tumour, two angiosarcoma and one case of Non-Hodgkin’ Lymphoma (NHL). It was possible to diagnose special histological types such as lobular carcinoma, metaplastic carcinoma and mucinous carcinoma on TCB. A total of 21 cases were diagnosed as carcinoma on repeat biopsy. Eight of the 735 TCBs diagnosed as carcinoma were bilateral breast cancers, hence actual number of carcinoma cases were 727. IHC was done successfully on the paraffin blocks in 260 cases. In this series out of 727 patients of carcinomas 30% were in young, i.e., below 40 years of age, including four cases of carcinoma below 20 years. There were no false positive case in this study giving a specificity of 100% and sensitivity was 97%. Conclusion TCBs are well tolerated by patients, can be done in OPDs and reduce cost. It is possible to give histological diagnosis of carcinoma, lymphoma, phyllodes tumour and sarcomas on TCBs. The paraffin blocks of TCBs can be used for IHC study which helps the oncologists for preoperative adjuvant therapy. PMID:28511393

[Clinical features and treatment of choroidal metastasis].

PubMed

Wang, Guang-lu; Wang, Ming-yang; Wei, Wen-bin

2009-03-01

To assess the clinical features and management of choroidal metastasis. Fundus examination was performed in 49 patients (66 eyes) with choroidal metastasis. Fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) was performed in 44 cases, combined with indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) examination in 12 cases. B-scan ultrasound examination was performed in 8 cases. Transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT) was performed in 24 eyes, combined with photo-dynamic therapy in one eye. Plaque radio-therapy was used in one eye. The parameters of treatment for TTT were 1.2 - 3 mm spot size, 450 - 1000 mV, 60 s; 2 sessions of TTT in 2 eyes and 3 sessions in 3 eyes. Fourteen cases were male and 35 cases were female. Both eyes were affected in 17 cases (34.7%). Age ranged from 23 - 74 years old with an average of 47 years. The visual acuity was 0.05 or less in 13 eyes; 0.06 - 0.2 in 22 eyes and 0.3 or more in 31 eyes. Primary tumours were found in 40 cases (81.6%) (surgical excision in 25 cases), consisting of breast carcinoma in 16 cases (32.7%), lung carcinoma in 14 cases (28.6%), hepatoma and cholangiocarcinoma in 3 cases, colon and stomach carcinomas in 3 cases, gynecologic appendix carcinoma (including 1 case of ovarian mucous cyst adenocarcinoma) in 2 cases, nasopharyngeal adenocarcinoma in 1 case, vertebra tumor in 1 case, undetected in 5 cases (10.2%) and under detection in 4 cases (8.2%). The fundus had 1 lesion in 58 eyes (58/66 = 87.8%), 2 lesions in 4 eyes (4/66 = 6.0%), 3 or more lesions in 2 eyes (including 7 lesions in 1 eye). According to the location and development status of the lesions, they could be divided into solitary type, 39 eyes (39/66 = 59.1%); diffuse type, 19 eyes (19/66 = 28.8%); and early type, 8 eyes (8/66 = 12.1%). FFA examination: early stage lesions showed hypofluorescence and later stage lesions showed moderate to strong hyperfluorescence. In 8 cases of solitary lesions, the size of the lesion measured by B-scan averaged 11.5 mm x 10.5 mm x 3.6 mm with the maximal height at 4.9 mm. The tumor became flattened and vision remained stable at 3 months after plaque radiotherapy in 1 case. Three cases were followed-up for 2, 3, and 4 months after TTT treatment. The lesions remained stable with vision unchanged or slightly decreased. The choroidal metastasis has specific clinical features. The classification of metastatic lesions into solitary, diffuse and early types is helpful for the evaluation of the disease process. The primary tumor can be found in 80% of cases. The most common primary cancer is breast carcinoma, followed by lung carcinoma. These two cancers account for 75% of primary tumors. In solitary type and early type lesions, TTT combines with systemic treatment could result in regression of lesions, saving of vision and improvement of the life quality.

Imprint cytology on microcalcifications excised by vacuum-assisted breast biopsy: a rapid preliminary diagnosis.

PubMed

Fotou, Maria; Oikonomou, Vassiliki; Zagouri, Flora; Sergentanis, Theodoros N; Nonni, Afroditi; Athanassiadou, Pauline; Drouveli, Theodora; Atsouris, Efstratios; Kotzia, Evagelia; Zografos, George C

2007-04-03

To evaluate imprint cytology in the context of specimens with microcalcifications derived from Vacuum-Assisted Breast Biopsy (VABB). A total of 93 women with microcalcifications BI-RADS 3 and 4 underwent VABB and imprint samples were examined. VABB was performed on Fischer's table using 11-gauge Mammotome vacuum probes. A mammogram of the cores after the procedure confirmed the excision of microcalcifications. For the application of imprint cytology, the cores with microcalcifications confirmed by mammogram were gently rolled against glass microscope slides and thus imprint smears were made. For rapid preliminary diagnosis Diff-Quick stain, modified Papanicolaou stain and May Grunwald Giemsa were used. Afterwards, the core was dipped into a CytoRich Red Collection fluid for a few seconds in order to obtain samples with the use of the specimen wash. After the completion of cytological procedures, the core was prepared for routine histological study. The pathologist was blind to the preliminary cytological results. The cytological and pathological diagnoses were comparatively evaluated. According to the pathological examination, 73 lesions were benign, 15 lesions were carcinomas (12 ductal carcinomas in situ, 3 invasive ductal carcinomas), and 5 lesions were precursor: 3 cases of atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) and 2 cases of lobular neoplasia (LN). The observed sensitivity and specificity of the cytological imprints for cancer were 100% (one-sided, 97.5% CI: 78.2%-100%). Only one case of ADH could be detected by imprint cytology. Neither of the two LN cases was detected by the imprints. The imprints were uninformative in 11 out of 93 cases (11.8%). There was no uninformative case among women with malignancy. Imprint cytology provides a rapid, accurate preliminary diagnosis in a few minutes. This method might contribute to the diagnosis of early breast cancer and possibly attenuates patients' anxiety.

Connective tissue growth factor is a substrate of ADAM28

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mochizuki, Satsuki; Tanaka, Rena; Shimoda, Masayuki

2010-11-26

Research highlights: {yields} The hyper-variable region in the cysteine-rich domain of ADAM28 binds to C-terminal domain of CTGF. {yields} ADAM28 cleaves CTGF alone and CTGF in the CTGF/VEGF{sub 165} complex. {yields} CTGF digestion by ADAM28 releases biologically active VEGF{sub 165} from the complex. {yields} ADAM28, CTGF and VEGF{sub 165} are commonly co-expressed by carcinoma cells in human breast carcinoma tissues. {yields} These suggest that ADAM28 promotes VEGF{sub 165}-induced angiogenesis in the breast carcinomas by selective CTGF digestion in the CTGF/VEGF{sub 165} complex. -- Abstract: ADAM28, a member of the ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase) gene family, is over-expressed by carcinomamore » cells and the expression correlates with carcinoma cell proliferation and progression in human lung and breast carcinomas. However, information about substrates of ADAM28 is limited. We screened interacting molecules of ADAM28 in human lung cDNA library by yeast two-hybrid system and identified connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). Binding of CTGF to proADAM28 was demonstrated by yeast two-hybrid assay and protein binding assay. ADAM28 cleaved CTGF in dose- and time-dependent manners at the Ala{sup 181}-Tyr{sup 182} and Asp{sup 191}-Pro{sup 192} bonds in the hinge region of the molecule. ADAM28 selectively digested CTGF in the complex of CTGF and vascular endothelial growth factor{sub 165} (VEGF{sub 165}), releasing biologically active VEGF{sub 165} from the complex. RT-PCR and immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated that ADAM28, CTGF and VEGF are commonly co-expressed in the breast carcinoma tissues. These data provide the first evidence that CTGF is a novel substrate of ADAM28 and suggest that ADAM28 may promote VEGF{sub 165}-induced angiogenesis in the breast carcinomas by the CTGF digestion in the CTGF/VEGF{sub 165} complex.« less

Increased incidence of breast carcinoma in patients with irradiation for post-partum mastitis: a screening situation. [X-radiation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Logan, W.W.; Mansur, P.S.; Cullinan, A.

1979-01-01

In Rochester, New York, 606 women were treated with ionizing radiation for post-partum mastitis, mostly between 1940 and 1955. Two-thirds of all breasts were treated, the average dose per breast being 377 rads (at 2.5 cm breast depth). Mammographic examinations were performed on 265 of these women still residing in this vicinity. Two nonpalpable carcinomas (with no axillary node metastases) were found in the twelve breast lesions that have been biopsied. Some of the biopsies revealed premalignant changes. It is recommended that women in this high-risk category have close medical supervision, as well as periodic mammographic evaluation, and that themore » importance of periodic breast self-examinations should be emphasized.« less

In vivo dosimetry with TLD in conservative treatment of breast cancer patients treated with the EORTC protocol 22881.

PubMed

Hamers, H P; Johansson, K A; Venselaar, J L; de Brouwer, P; Hansson, U; Moudi, C

1993-01-01

Two anthropomorphic phantom breasts and six patients with breast carcinoma were irradiated according the prescriptions of the EORTC protocol 22881 on the conservative management of breast carcinoma by tumorectomy and radiotherapy. During the implantation procedure for an iridium-192 boost, three tubes were implanted, enabling the measurement with TLD rods of the dose within the breasts of the phantom and the patients during one fraction of the external x-ray therapy and during the interstitial therapy. Measured doses were compared with calculated values from a 2-D dose planning system. In general a fair agreement was found between the measured and calculated doses in points within the breast for the external beam therapy as well as for the interstitial treatment.

Sonographic features of invasive ductal breast carcinomas predictive of malignancy grade.

PubMed

Gupta, Kanika; Kumaresan, Meenakshisundaram; Venkatesan, Bhuvaneswari; Chandra, Tushar; Patil, Aruna; Menon, Maya

2018-01-01

Assessment of individual sonographic features provides vital clues about the biological behavior of breast masses and can assist in determining histological grade of malignancy and thereby prognosis. Assessment of individual sonographic features of biopsy proven invasive ductal breast carcinomas as predictors of malignancy grade. A retrospective analysis of sonographic findings of 103 biopsy proven invasive ductal breast carcinomas. Tumor characteristics on gray-scale ultrasound and color flow were assessed using American College of Radiology (ACR) Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) Atlas Fifth Edition. The sonographic findings of masses were individually correlated with their histopathologic grades. Chi square test, ordinal regression, and Goodman and Kruskal tau test. Breast mass showing reversal/lack of diastolic flow has a high probability of belonging to histological high grade tumor ( β 1.566, P 0.0001 ). The masses with abrupt interface boundary are more likely grade 3 ( β 1.524, P 0.001 ) in comparison to masses with echogenic halos. The suspicious calcifications present in and outside the mass is a finding associated with histologically high grade tumors. The invasive ductal carcinomas (IDCs) with complex solid and cystic echotexture are more likely to be of high histological grade ( β 1.146, P 0.04 ) as compared to masses with hypoechoic echotexture. Certain ultrasound features are associated with tumor grade on histopathology. If the radiologist is cognizant of these sonographic features, ultrasound can be a potent modality for predicting histopathological grade of IDCs of the breast, especially in settings where advanced tests such as receptor and molecular analyses are limited.

MRI versus breast-specific gamma imaging (BSGI) in newly diagnosed ductal cell carcinoma-in-situ: a prospective head-to-head trial.

PubMed

Keto, Jessica L; Kirstein, Laurie; Sanchez, Diana P; Fulop, Tamara; McPartland, Laura; Cohen, Ilona; Boolbol, Susan K

2012-01-01

Mammography remains the standard imaging technique for the diagnosis of ductal carcinoma-in-situ (DCIS). Functional breast imaging, including breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), has known limitations in evaluating DCIS. To date, there are limited data on the utility of breast-specific gamma imaging (BSGI) in DCIS. We sought to prospectively compare the sensitivity of BSGI to MRI in newly diagnosed DCIS patients. Patients with newly diagnosed DCIS from June 1, 2009, through May 31, 2010, underwent a protocol with both breast MRI and BSGI. Each imaging study was read by a separate dedicated breast radiologist. Patients were excluded if excisional biopsy was performed for diagnosis, if their MRI was performed at an outside facility, or if final pathology revealed invasive carcinoma. There were 18 patients enrolled onto the study that had both MRI and BSGI for newly diagnosed DCIS. The sensitivity for MRI was 94% and for BSGI was 89% (P > 0.5, NS). There was one index tumor not seen on either MRI or BSGI, and one index tumor seen on MRI but not visualized on BSGI. Although BSGI has previously been shown to be as sensitive as MRI for detecting known invasive breast carcinoma, this study shows that BSGI is equally as sensitive as MRI at detecting newly diagnosed DCIS. As a result of the limited number of patients enrolled onto the study, larger prospective studies need to be performed to determine the true sensitivity and specificity of BSGI.

Gut metastasis from breast carcinoma.

PubMed

Al-Qahtani, Mohammed S

2007-10-01

Breast cancer is the second most common malignancy in women. Common sites of metastases include the liver, lung, bone, and the brain. Metastases to the gastrointestinal tract are rare with patients presenting with small-bowel perforation, intestinal obstruction, and gastrointestinal bleeding. Here we report a case of a Saudi female presenting with invasive lobular carcinoma and ileo-cecal junction metastasis.

The Role of Osteopontin in the Malignancy of Human Breast Carcinoma

DTIC Science & Technology

1999-07-01

specific tumors [e.g., CA 125 in the case of ovarian carcinoma (17-19), HCG and ct- fetoprotein in the Fig. 4 Western blot analysis of plasma OPN and...EGF also induced the epithelium may contribute to the invasive properties of their breast decreased expression of integrin alpha 5 beta I in 8305c

A Safety Study of SGN-2FF for Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors

ClinicalTrials.gov

2018-05-31

Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Carcinoma, Renal Cell; Breast Neoplasms; Urinary Bladder Neoplasm; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell of Head and Neck; Colorectal Neoplasms; Gastric Adenocarcinoma; Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma

Epstein-Barr virus infection and breast invasive ductal carcinoma in Egyptian women: A single center experience.

PubMed

El-Naby, Noha Ed Hassab; Hassan Mohamed, Hameda; Mohamed Goda, Asmaa; El Sayed Mohamed, Ahmed

2017-06-01

A controversy of the role of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection in breast carcinomas has been reported in the literature. We carried on this research to explore possible association between EBV infection and breast invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) in Egyptian women attending our center. This study carried out at Sohag university hospital on 84 paraffin embedded samples of breast tissue, of them 42 breast IDC as the case group and 42 breast fibroadenomas as the control group. Nested PCRand immunohistochemistry (IHC) done separately for all samples to identify the Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen-1 (EBNA-1) gene and EBV latent membrane protein-1 (LMP-1) respectively, in breast cancer cells and controls. Specimen considered positive when both (EBNA-1) gene and LMP-1 were detected using PCR and IHC separately for the same sample, this was achieved by 10/42 (23.81%) of breast IDC (case group) and 6/42 (14.29%) of breast fibro-adenomas (control group) (P-value=0.4). Nodal involvement was the only parameter that demonstrated a significant statistical relationship with EBV presence in cancerous tissue with p-value=0.003. Our research could not find a significant statistical association between EBV infection and breast IDC in Egyptian women attending our center, but, there might be an association between the existence of EBV and tumor aggressiveness. Copyright © 2017 National Cancer Institute, Cairo University. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Choosing wisely after publication of level I evidence in breast cancer radiotherapy.

PubMed

Niska, Joshua R; Keole, Sameer R; Pockaj, Barbara A; Halyard, Michele Y; Patel, Samir H; Northfelt, Donald W; Gray, Richard J; Wasif, Nabil; Vargas, Carlos E; Wong, William W

2018-01-01

Recent trials in early-stage breast cancer support hypofractionated whole-breast radiotherapy (WBRT) as part of breast-conserving therapy (BCT). Evidence also suggests that radiotherapy (RT) omission may be reasonable for some patients over 70 years. Among radiation-delivery techniques, intensity-modulated RT (IMRT) is more expensive than 3-dimensional conformal RT (3DCRT). Based on this evidence, in 2013, the American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) recommended hypofractionated schedules for women aged ≥50 years with early-stage breast cancer and avoiding routine use of IMRT for WBRT. To assess response to level I evidence and adherence to ASTRO recommendations, we evaluated the pattern of RT use for early-stage breast cancer at our National Comprehensive Cancer Network institution from 2006 to 2008 and 2011 to 2013 and compared the results with national trends. Data from a prospective database were extracted to include patients treated with BCT, aged ≥50 years, with histologic findings of invasive ductal carcinoma, stage T1-T2N0M0, estrogen receptor-positive, and HER2 normal. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records and estimated costs based on 2016 Hospital Outpatient Prospective Payment System (technical fees) and Medicare Physician Fee Schedule (professional fees). Among 55 cases from 2006 to 2008, treatment regimens were 11% hypofractionated, 69% traditional schedule, and 20% RT omission (29% of patients were aged >70 years). Among 83 cases from 2011 to 2013, treatment regimens were 54% hypofractionated, 19% traditional schedule, and 27% RT omission (48% of patients were aged >70 years). 3DCRT was used for all WBRT treatments. Direct medical cost estimates were as follows: 15 fractions 3DCRT, $7,197.87; 15 fractions IMRT, $11,232.33; 25 fractions 3DCRT, $9,731.39; and 25 fractions IMRT, $16,877.45. Despite apparent resistance to shorter radiation schedules in the United States, we demonstrate that rapid practice change in response to level I evidence is feasible. Wider adoption of evidence-based guidelines in early-stage breast cancer may substantially lower health care costs and improve convenience for patients without sacrificing oncologic outcomes.

Primary cutaneous secretory carcinoma: A previously overlooked low-grade sweat gland carcinoma.

PubMed

Llamas-Velasco, Mar; Mentzel, Thomas; Rütten, Arno

2018-03-01

Twelve cases of primary cutaneous secretory carcinoma (PCSC) have been published, 9 showing ETV6-NTRK3 translocation, a characteristic finding shared with secretory breast carcinoma and mammary analogue secretory carcinoma. A 34-year-old female presented a solitary nodule on the right groin. Biopsy revealed a secretory carcinoma staining positive with CK7, CAM5.2, mammaglobulin and S100 and negative with GATA3, CK20, podoplanin, calponin and CDX2. ETV6-NTRK3 was demonstrated by Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). PCSC is a rare neoplasm, described in the skin in 2009, that affects more frequently females with a mean age of 42.3 years and it is most commonly located in axilla. Histopathologically, these tumor cells are characterized by bubbly eosinophilic secretions diastase-resistant and bland nuclei and they are arranged in various growth patterns, including microcystic, tubular, solid and papillary. S100, mammoglobin and CK7 are usually positive. We review the main histopathological features to rule out histopathologic mimics such as breast metastasis, salivary tumors, cribriform carcinoma and primary cutaneous adenoid cystic carcinoma. GATA3 negative staining, as in our case, can help to rule out breast metastasis. Moreover, long-term benign follow up (144 months) in this case as well as follow-up data on outcomes from literature review support that PCSC is a low-grade sweat gland carcinoma. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Squamous cell carcinoma of the breast in the United States: incidence, demographics, tumor characteristics, and survival.

PubMed

Yadav, Siddhartha; Yadav, Dhiraj; Zakalik, Dana

2017-07-01

Squamous cell carcinoma of breast accounts for less than 0.1% of all breast cancers. The purpose of this study is to describe the epidemiology and survival of this rare malignancy. Data were extracted from the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Registry to identify women diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of breast between 1998 and 2013. SEER*Stat 8.3.1 was used to calculate age-adjusted incidence, age-wise distribution, and annual percentage change in incidence. Kaplan-Meier curves were plotted for survival analysis. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to determine predictors of survival. A total of 445 cases of squamous cell carcinoma of breast were diagnosed during the study period. The median age of diagnosis was 67 years. The overall age-adjusted incidence between 1998 and 2013 was 0.62 per 1,000,000 per year, and the incidence has been on a decline. Approximately half of the tumors were poorly differentiated. Stage II was the most common stage at presentation. Majority of the cases were negative for expression of estrogen and progesterone receptor. One-third of the cases underwent breast conservation surgery while more than half of the cases underwent mastectomy (unilateral or bilateral). Approximately one-third of cases received radiation treatment. The 1-year and 5-year cause-specific survival was 81.6 and 63.5%, respectively. Excluding patient with metastasis or unknown stage at presentation, in multivariate Cox proportional hazard model, older age at diagnosis and higher tumor stage (T3 or T4) or nodal stage at presentation were significant predictors of poor survival. Our study describes the unique characteristics of squamous cell carcinoma of breast and demonstrates that it is an aggressive tumor with a poor survival. Older age and higher tumor or nodal stages at presentation were independent predictors of poor survival for loco-regional stages.

Vinorelbine induced perforation of a metastatic gastric lesion.

PubMed

Mullally, W J; O'Súilleabháin, C B; Brady, C; O'Reilly, S

2017-08-01

Breast carcinoma metastasis to the gastrointestinal tract is rare and more frequently associated with lobular than ductal carcinoma (Borst and Ingold, Surg 114(4):637-641 [1]). The purpose of this article is to present a case based review of a unique gastrointestinal metastasis and literature review. A 46 year old lady with metastatic invasive ductal breast cancer was admitted to A&E with sudden onset of epigastric and left shoulder pain. She completed the first cycle of capecitabine/vinorelbine 1 week previously. Clinical examination revealed a tender epigastrium with rigidity in the upper abdomen. Free air under the diaphragm and a positive Rigler's sign was radiologically identified. A laparoscopy demonstrated a fibrinous exudate in the left upper quadrant consistent with a walled off lesser curvature gastric perforation. A subsequent oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (OGD) demonstrated a healed gastric ulcer of benign appearance; however the pathology confirmed metastatic breast carcinoma. Literature review confirmed no previously reported cases of vinorelbine induced gastric perforation. Four cases of metastatic breast cancer with gastric metastasis presenting with perforation were identified; three of these cases (Fra et al., Presse Med 25(26):1215 (1996) [2], Solis-Caxaj et al., Gastroenterol Clin Biol 28(1):91-92 (2004) [3], Ghosn et al., Bull Cancer 78(11):1071-1073 (1991) [4]), were in the French medical literature, including one male patient (Fra et al., Presse Med 25(26):1215 (1996) [2]) and at least one ductal breast carcinoma (Solis-Caxaj et al., Gastroenterol Clin Biol 28(1):91-92 (2004) [3]). The fourth case (van Geel et al., Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 144(37):1761-1763 (2000) [5]), was in the Dutch medical literature and a lobular breast carcinoma. This case represents a rare complication of breast cancer chemotherapy, the subsequent significant benefit the patient received from treatment is consistent with the chemosensitivity to therapy that also resulted in gastric perforation. Five years after gastric perforation she resumed palliative chemotherapy after progression on sequential hormonal therapies.

Axillary radiotherapy in conservative surgery for early-stage breast cancer (stage I and II).

PubMed

García Novoa, Alejandra; Acea Nebril, Benigno; Díaz, Inma; Builes Ramírez, Sergio; Varela, Cristina; Cereijo, Carmen; Mosquera Oses, Joaquín; López Calviño, Beatriz; Seoane Pillado, María Teresa

2016-01-01

Several clinical studies analyze axillary treatment in women with early-stage breast cancer because of changes in the indication for axillary lymph node dissection. The aim of the study is to analyze the impact of axillary radiotherapy in disease-free and overall survival in women with early breast cancer treated with lumpectomy. Retrospective study in women with initial stages of breast carcinoma treated by lumpectomy. A comparative analysis of high-risk women with axillary lymph node involvement who received axillary radiotherapy with the group of women with low risk without radiotherapy was performed. Logistic regression was used to determine factors influencing survival and lymphedema onset. A total of 541 women were included in the study: 384 patients (71%) without axillary lymph node involvement and 157 women (29%) with 1-3 axillary lymph node involvement. Patients with axillary radiotherapy had a higher number of metastatic lymph node compared to non-irradiated (1.6±0.7 vs. 1.4±0.6, P=.02). The group of women with axillary lymph node involvement and radiotherapy showed an overall and disease-free survival at 10 years similar to that obtained in patients without irradiation (89.7% and 77.2%, respectively). 3 lymph nodes involved multiplied by more than 7 times the risk of death (HR=7.20; 95% CI: 1.36 to 38.12). The multivariate analysis showed axillary lymph node dissection as the only variable associated with the development of lymphedema. The incidence of axillary relapse on stage I and II breast cancer is rare. In these patients axillary radiotherapy does not improve overall survival, but contributes to regional control in those patients with risk factors. Copyright © 2016 AEC. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

Radial scars diagnosed on breast core biopsy: Frequency of atypia and carcinoma on excision and implications for management.

PubMed

Donaldson, Alana R; Sieck, Leah; Booth, Christine N; Calhoun, Benjamin C

2016-12-01

The risk of finding carcinoma in excisions following a core needle biopsy diagnosis of radial scar is not well defined and clinical management is variable. The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of high-risk lesions, ductal carcinoma in situ, and invasive carcinoma in excisions following a core biopsy diagnosis of radial scar. Dedicated breast pathologists and radiologists correlated the histologic and radiologic findings and categorized radial scars as the target lesion or an incidental finding. High-risk lesions were defined as atypical hyperplasia or classical lobular carcinoma in situ. Of the 79 radial scars identified over a 14-year period, 22 were associated with atypia or carcinoma in the core biopsy. Thirty-seven (37) of the 57 benign radial scars underwent excision with benign findings in 30 (81%), high-risk lesions in six (16%), and flat epithelial atypia in one (3%). There were no upgrades to carcinoma. One patient with a benign radial scar developed a 3-mm focus of intermediate-grade estrogen receptor-positive ductal carcinoma in situ in the same quadrant of the ipsilateral breast 72 months after excision. One patient with an incidental un-excised benign radial scar was diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in situ at a separate site of suspicious calcifications. In this series, none of the benign radial scars was upgraded to carcinoma. Radial scar was the targeted lesion in all cases with high-risk lesions on excision. Surgical excision may not be mandatory for patients with benign incidental radial scars on core biopsy. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Preventive effect of berberine against DMBA-induced breast cancer in female Sprague Dawley rats.

PubMed

Karnam, Kalyani Chowdary; Ellutla, Maheswara; Bodduluru, Lakshmi Narendra; Kasala, Eshvendar Reddy; Uppulapu, Shravan Kumar; Kalyankumarraju, Malayamarutham; Lahkar, Mangala

2017-08-01

Breast cancer is the prime cause for cancer mortality in women worldwide. The importance of diverse natural and dietary agents to reduce the risk of developing breast cancer is well established. Berberine, a natural isoquinoline alkaloid found in many medicinal plants is widely used in traditional Indian and Chinese medicine. Because of its capability to seize the cell cycle and induce apoptosis of numerous malignant cells, berberine has received considerable attention as a potential anticancer agent. In the present study, breast cancer was induced in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats by intragastric administration of 7, 12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) at a dose of 80mg/kg of body weight. Treatment of berberine (50mg/kg BW) to breast tumor bearing rats was found to be effective against DMBA induced mammary carcinoma. The increased levels of lipid peroxide (malonaldehyde), pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α), enzymatic antioxidants (SOD and CAT), non-enzymatic antioxidants (GSH and vitamin C) and transcription factor NF-κB were decreased significantly by administration of berberine. Furthermore, RT-PCR and western blot analysis showed the down-regulation of NF-κB and PCNA in breast tumors. Histopathological studies validated that berberine is effective against DMBA induced ductal carcinoma & invasive carcinoma. Altogether, these findings demonstrate the preventive role of berberine against DMBA induced mammary carcinoma in SD rats. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Artificial neural network in breast lesions from fine-needle aspiration cytology smear.

PubMed

Subbaiah, R M; Dey, Pranab; Nijhawan, Raje

2014-03-01

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are applied in engineering and certain medical fields. ANN has immense potential and is rarely been used in breast lesions. In this present study, we attempted to build up a complete robust back propagation ANN model based on cytomorphological data, morphometric data, nuclear densitometric data, and gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) of ductal carcinoma and fibroadenomas of breast cases diagnosed on fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). We selected 52 cases of fibroadenomas and 60 cases of infiltrating ductal carcinoma of breast diagnosed on FNAC by two cytologists. Essential cytological data was quantitated by two independent cytologists (SRM, PD). With the help of Image J software, nuclear morphomeric, densitometric, and GLCM features were measured in all the cases on hematoxylin and eosin-stained smears. With the available data, an ANN model was built up with the help of Neurointelligence software. The network was designed as 41-20-1 (41 input nodes, 20 hidden nodes, 1 output node). The network was trained by the online back propagation algorithm and 500 iterations were done. Learning was adjusted after every iteration. ANN model correctly identified all cases of fibroadenomas and infiltrating carcinomas in the test set. This is one of the first successful composite ANN models of breast carcinomas. This basic model can be used to diagnose the gray zone area of the breast lesions on FNAC. We assume that this model may have far-reaching implications in future. Copyright © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Cancer Associated Fibroblasts express pro-inflammatory factors in human breast and ovarian tumors

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Erez, Neta, E-mail: netaerez@post.tau.ac.il; Glanz, Sarah; Raz, Yael

Highlights: •CAFs in human breast and ovarian tumors express pro-inflammatory factors. •Expression of pro-inflammatory factors correlates with tumor invasiveness. •Expression of pro-inflammatory factors is associated with NF-κb activation in CAFs. -- Abstract: Inflammation has been established in recent years as a hallmark of cancer. Cancer Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs) support tumorigenesis by stimulating angiogenesis, cancer cell proliferation and invasion. We previously demonstrated that CAFs also mediate tumor-enhancing inflammation in a mouse model of skin carcinoma. Breast and ovarian carcinomas are amongst the leading causes of cancer-related mortality in women and cancer-related inflammation is linked with both these tumor types. However, themore » role of CAFs in mediating inflammation in these malignancies remains obscure. Here we show that CAFs in human breast and ovarian tumors express high levels of the pro-inflammatory factors IL-6, COX-2 and CXCL1, previously identified to be part of a CAF pro-inflammatory gene signature. Moreover, we show that both pro-inflammatory signaling by CAFs and leukocyte infiltration of tumors are enhanced in invasive ductal carcinoma as compared with ductal carcinoma in situ. The pro-inflammatory genes expressed by CAFs are known NF-κB targets and we show that NF-κB is up-regulated in breast and ovarian CAFs. Our data imply that CAFs mediate tumor-promoting inflammation in human breast and ovarian tumors and thus may be an attractive target for stromal-directed therapeutics.« less