Hydrogen Data | Geospatial Data Science | NREL

Science.gov Websites

Hydrogen Data Hydrogen Data This hydrogen data estimates the potential for producing hydrogen from Coordinate System Name: GCS_North_American_1983 Coverage File Last Updated Metadata KMZ File Hydrogen Zip of hydrogen could be produced annually from wind, solar, and biomass resources in the United States

NASA Earth Observations (NEO): Data Imagery for Education and Visualization

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ward, K.

2008-12-01

NASA Earth Observations (NEO) has dramatically simplified public access to georeferenced imagery of NASA remote sensing data. NEO targets the non-traditional data users who are currently underserved by functionality and formats available from the existing data ordering systems. These users include formal and informal educators, museum and science center personnel, professional communicators, and citizen scientists. NEO currently serves imagery from 45 different datasets with daily, weekly, and/or monthly temporal resolutions, with more datasets currently under development. The imagery from these datasets is produced in coordination with several data partners who are affiliated either with the instrument science teams or with the respective data processing center. NEO is a system of three components -- website, WMS (Web Mapping Service), and ftp archive -- which together are able to meet the wide-ranging needs of our users. Some of these needs include the ability to: view and manipulate imagery using the NEO website -- e.g., applying color palettes, resizing, exporting to a variety of formats including PNG, JPEG, KMZ (Google Earth), GeoTIFF; access the NEO collection via a standards-based API (WMS); and create customized exports for select users (ftp archive) such as Science on a Sphere, NASA's Earth Observatory, and others.

The survey on data format of Earth observation satellite data at JAXA.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Matsunaga, M.; Ikehata, Y.

2017-12-01

JAXA's earth observation satellite data are distributed by a portal web site for search and deliver called "G-Portal". Users can download the satellite data of GPM, TRMM, Aqua, ADEOS-II, ALOS (search only), ALOS-2 (search only), MOS-1, MOS-1b, ERS-1 and JERS-1 from G-Portal. However, these data formats are different by each satellite like HDF4, HDF5, NetCDF4, CEOS, etc., and which formats are not familiar to new data users. Although the HDF type self-describing format is very convenient and useful for big dataset information, old-type format product is not readable by open GIS tool nor apply OGC standard. Recently, the satellite data are widely used to be applied to the various needs such as disaster, earth resources, monitoring the global environment, Geographic Information System(GIS) and so on. In order to remove a barrier of using Earth Satellite data for new community users, JAXA has been providing the format-converted product like GeoTIFF or KMZ. In addition, JAXA provides format conversion tool itself. We investigate the trend of data format for data archive, data dissemination and data utilization, then we study how to improve the current product format for various application field users and make a recommendation for new product.

47 CFR 25.115 - Application for earth station authorizations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... earth station applications must be filed electronically through the International Bureau Filing System... transmitting earth stations in the Fixed-Satellite Service may file on FCC Form 312EZ if all of the following... band; (ii) The earth station(s) will not be installed or operated on ships, aircraft, or other moving...

Exploring Research Contributions of the North American Carbon Program using Google Earth and Google Map

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Griffith, P. C.; Wilcox, L. E.; Morrell, A.

2009-12-01

The central objective of the North American Carbon Program (NACP), a core element of the US Global Change Research Program, is to quantify the sources and sinks of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and methane in North America and adjacent ocean regions. The NACP consists of a wide range of investigators at universities and federal research centers. Although many of these investigators have worked together in the past, many have had few prior interactions and may not know of similar work within knowledge domains, much less across the diversity of environments and scientific approaches in the Program. Coordinating interactions and sharing data are major challenges in conducting NACP. The Google Earth and Google Map Collections on the NACP website (www.nacarbon.org) provide a geographical view of the research products contributed by each core and affiliated NACP project. Other relevant data sources (e.g. AERONET, LVIS) can also be browsed in spatial context with NACP contributions. Each contribution links to project-oriented metadata, or “project profiles”, that provide a greater understanding of the scientific and social context of each dataset and are an important means of communicating within the NACP and to the larger carbon cycle science community. Project profiles store information such as a project's title, leaders, participants, an abstract, keywords, funding agencies, associated intensive campaigns, expected data products, data needs, publications, and URLs to associated data centers, datasets, and metadata. Data products are research contributions that include biometric inventories, flux tower estimates, remote sensing land cover products, tools, services, and model inputs / outputs. Project leaders have been asked to identify these contributions to the site level whenever possible, either through simple latitude/longitude pair, or by uploading a KML, KMZ, or shape file. Project leaders may select custom icons to graphically categorize their

Cartographic production for the Florida Shelf Habitat (FLaSH) map study: generation of surface grids, contours, and KMZ files

USGS Publications Warehouse

Robbins, Lisa L.; Hansen, Mark; Raabe, Ellen; Knorr, Paul O.; Browne, Joseph

2007-01-01

The Florida shelf represents a finite source of economic resources, including commercial and recreational fisheries, tourism, recreation, sand and gravel resources, phosphate, and freshwater reserves. Yet the basic information needed to locate resources, or to interpret and utilize existing data, comes from many sources, dates, and formats. A multi-agency effort is underway to coordinate and prioritize the compilation of suitable datasets for an integrated information system of Florida’s coastal and ocean resources. This report and the associated data files represent part of the effort to make data accessible and useable with computer-mapping systems, web-based technologies, and user-friendly visualization tools. Among the datasets compiled and developed are seafloor imagery, marine sediment data, and existing bathymetric data. A U.S. Geological Survey-sponsored workshop in January 2007 resulted in the establishment of mapping priorities for the state. Bathymetry was identified as a common priority among agencies and researchers. State-of-the-art computer-mapping techniques and data-processing tools were used to develop shelf-wide raster and vector data layers. Florida Shelf Habitat (FLaSH) Mapping Project (http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/flash) endeavors to locate available data, identify data gaps, synthesize existing information, and expand our understanding of geologic processes in our dynamic coastal and marine systems.

47 CFR 25.115 - Application for earth station authorizations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

..., except that such earth station applications must be filed electronically through the International Bureau... transmitting earth station facilities are required to file on Form 312EZ, to the extent that form is available, in the following cases: (i) The earth station will transmit in the 3700-4200 MHz and 5925-6425 MHz...

47 CFR 25.115 - Application for earth station authorizations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

..., except that such earth station applications must be filed electronically through the International Bureau... transmitting earth station facilities are required to file on Form 312EZ, to the extent that form is available, in the following cases: (i) The earth station will operate in the 3700-4200 MHz and 5925-6425 MHz...

47 CFR 25.115 - Application for earth station authorizations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

..., except that such earth station applications must be filed electronically through the International Bureau... transmitting earth station facilities are required to file on Form 312EZ, to the extent that form is available, in the following cases: (i) The earth station will transmit in the 3700-4200 MHz and 5925-6425 MHz...

47 CFR 25.115 - Application for earth station authorizations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

..., except that such earth station applications must be filed electronically through the International Bureau... transmitting earth station facilities are required to file on Form 312EZ, to the extent that form is available, in the following cases: (i) The earth station will transmit in the 3700-4200 MHz and 5925-6425 MHz...

Visualization of seismic tomography on Google Earth: Improvement of KML generator and its web application to accept the data file in European standard format

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yamagishi, Y.; Yanaka, H.; Tsuboi, S.

2009-12-01

We have developed a conversion tool for the data of seismic tomography into KML, called KML generator, and made it available on the web site (http://www.jamstec.go.jp/pacific21/google_earth). The KML generator enables us to display vertical and horizontal cross sections of the model on Google Earth in three-dimensional manner, which would be useful to understand the Earth's interior. The previous generator accepts text files of grid-point data having longitude, latitude, and seismic velocity anomaly. Each data file contains the data for each depth. Metadata, such as bibliographic reference, grid-point interval, depth, are described in other information file. We did not allow users to upload their own tomographic model to the web application, because there is not standard format to represent tomographic model. Recently European seismology research project, NEIRES (Network of Research Infrastructures for European Seismology), advocates that the data of seismic tomography should be standardized. They propose a new format based on JSON (JavaScript Object Notation), which is one of the data-interchange formats, as a standard one for the tomography. This format consists of two parts, which are metadata and grid-point data values. The JSON format seems to be powerful to handle and to analyze the tomographic model, because the structure of the format is fully defined by JavaScript objects, thus the elements are directly accessible by a script. In addition, there exist JSON libraries for several programming languages. The International Federation of Digital Seismograph Network (FDSN) adapted this format as a FDSN standard format for seismic tomographic model. There might be a possibility that this format would not only be accepted by European seismologists but also be accepted as the world standard. Therefore we improve our KML generator for seismic tomography to accept the data file having also JSON format. We also improve the web application of the generator so that the

Oblique Aerial Photography of the Arctic Coast of Alaska, Cape Sabine to Milne Point, July 16-19, 2009

USGS Publications Warehouse

Gibbs, Ann E.; Richmond, Bruce M.

2010-01-01

Shoreline Change Study. An accompanying ESRI ArcGIS shape file (and plaintext copy) indicates the position of the aircraft and time when each photograph was taken. The USGS-CMGP Field Activity ID for the survey is A-5-09-AK, and more information on the survey and how to view the photographs using Google Earth software is available online at http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/a/a509ak/html/a-5-09-ak.photos.kmz (last accessed February 12, 2010). The initial report ?Oblique aerial photography of the Arctic coast of Alaska, Nulavik to Demarcation Point, August 7-10, 2006? is available online at http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/436/, and the associated Google Earth .kmz file is available at http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/a/a106ak/html/a-1-06-ak.photos.kmz (last accessed February 12, 2010).

An OpenEarth Framework (OEF) for Integrating and Visualizing Earth Science Data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Moreland, J. L.; Nadeau, D. R.; Baru, C.; Crosby, C. J.

2009-12-01

The integration of data is essential to make transformative progress in understanding the complex processes operating at the Earth’s surface and within its interior. While our current ability to collect massive amounts of data, develop structural models, and generate high-resolution dynamics models is well developed, our ability to quantitatively integrate these data and models into holistic interpretations of Earth systems is poorly developed. We lack the basic tools to realize a first-order goal in Earth science of developing integrated 4D models of Earth structure and processes using a complete range of available constraints, at a time when the research agenda of major efforts such as EarthScope demand such a capability. Among the challenges to 3D data integration are data that may be in different coordinate spaces, units, value ranges, file formats, and data structures. While several file format standards exist, they are infrequently or incorrectly used. Metadata is often missing, misleading, or relegated to README text files along side the data. This leaves much of the work to integrate data bogged down by simple data management tasks. The OpenEarth Framework (OEF) being developed by GEON addresses these data management difficulties. The software incorporates file format parsers, data interpretation heuristics, user interfaces to prompt for missing information, and visualization techniques to merge data into a common visual model. The OEF’s data access libraries parse formal and de facto standard file formats and map their data into a common data model. The software handles file format quirks, storage details, caching, local and remote file access, and web service protocol handling. Heuristics are used to determine coordinate spaces, units, and other key data features. Where multiple data structure, naming, and file organization conventions exist, those heuristics check for each convention’s use to find a high confidence interpretation of the data. When

Mother Lode: The Untapped Rare Earth Mineral Resources of Vietnam

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-11-01

Library of Congress, Congressional Research Service. Rare Earth Elements: The Global Supply Chain, 4. 14 Tse , Pui-Kwan. China’s Rare-Earth Industry...U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011–1042, 2. Figure 2. Global REO production, 1960-2011. Source: Tse , Pui-Kwan. China’s Rare-Earth...3 compiled from three sources: Tse , Pui-Kwan. China’s Rare-Earth Industry: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011–1042, 4; Areddy, James T

Converting CSV Files to RKSML Files

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Trebi-Ollennu, Ashitey; Liebersbach, Robert

2009-01-01

A computer program converts, into a format suitable for processing on Earth, files of downlinked telemetric data pertaining to the operation of the Instrument Deployment Device (IDD), which is a robot arm on either of the Mars Explorer Rovers (MERs). The raw downlinked data files are in comma-separated- value (CSV) format. The present program converts the files into Rover Kinematics State Markup Language (RKSML), which is an Extensible Markup Language (XML) format that facilitates representation of operations of the IDD and enables analysis of the operations by means of the Rover Sequencing Validation Program (RSVP), which is used to build sequences of commanded operations for the MERs. After conversion by means of the present program, the downlinked data can be processed by RSVP, enabling the MER downlink operations team to play back the actual IDD activity represented by the telemetric data against the planned IDD activity. Thus, the present program enhances the diagnosis of anomalies that manifest themselves as differences between actual and planned IDD activities.

Sally Ride EarthKAM - Automated Image Geo-Referencing Using Google Earth Web Plug-In

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Andres, Paul M.; Lazar, Dennis K.; Thames, Robert Q.

2013-01-01

Sally Ride EarthKAM is an educational program funded by NASA that aims to provide the public the ability to picture Earth from the perspective of the International Space Station (ISS). A computer-controlled camera is mounted on the ISS in a nadir-pointing window; however, timing limitations in the system cause inaccurate positional metadata. Manually correcting images within an orbit allows the positional metadata to be improved using mathematical regressions. The manual correction process is time-consuming and thus, unfeasible for a large number of images. The standard Google Earth program allows for the importing of KML (keyhole markup language) files that previously were created. These KML file-based overlays could then be manually manipulated as image overlays, saved, and then uploaded to the project server where they are parsed and the metadata in the database is updated. The new interface eliminates the need to save, download, open, re-save, and upload the KML files. Everything is processed on the Web, and all manipulations go directly into the database. Administrators also have the control to discard any single correction that was made and validate a correction. This program streamlines a process that previously required several critical steps and was probably too complex for the average user to complete successfully. The new process is theoretically simple enough for members of the public to make use of and contribute to the success of the Sally Ride EarthKAM project. Using the Google Earth Web plug-in, EarthKAM images, and associated metadata, this software allows users to interactively manipulate an EarthKAM image overlay, and update and improve the associated metadata. The Web interface uses the Google Earth JavaScript API along with PHP-PostgreSQL to present the user the same interface capabilities without leaving the Web. The simpler graphical user interface will allow the public to participate directly and meaningfully with EarthKAM. The use of

The OpenEarth Framework (OEF) for the 3D Visualization of Integrated Earth Science Data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nadeau, David; Moreland, John; Baru, Chaitan; Crosby, Chris

2010-05-01

Data integration is increasingly important as we strive to combine data from disparate sources and assemble better models of the complex processes operating at the Earth's surface and within its interior. These data are often large, multi-dimensional, and subject to differing conventions for data structures, file formats, coordinate spaces, and units of measure. When visualized, these data require differing, and sometimes conflicting, conventions for visual representations, dimensionality, symbology, and interaction. All of this makes the visualization of integrated Earth science data particularly difficult. The OpenEarth Framework (OEF) is an open-source data integration and visualization suite of applications and libraries being developed by the GEON project at the University of California, San Diego, USA. Funded by the NSF, the project is leveraging virtual globe technology from NASA's WorldWind to create interactive 3D visualization tools that combine and layer data from a wide variety of sources to create a holistic view of features at, above, and beneath the Earth's surface. The OEF architecture is open, cross-platform, modular, and based upon Java. The OEF's modular approach to software architecture yields an array of mix-and-match software components for assembling custom applications. Available modules support file format handling, web service communications, data management, user interaction, and 3D visualization. File parsers handle a variety of formal and de facto standard file formats used in the field. Each one imports data into a general-purpose common data model supporting multidimensional regular and irregular grids, topography, feature geometry, and more. Data within these data models may be manipulated, combined, reprojected, and visualized. The OEF's visualization features support a variety of conventional and new visualization techniques for looking at topography, tomography, point clouds, imagery, maps, and feature geometry. 3D data such as

Earth Science Datacasting v2.0

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bingham, Andrew W.; Deen, Robert G.; Hussey, Kevin J.; Stough, Timothy M.; McCleese, Sean W.; Toole, Nicholas T.

2012-01-01

The Datacasting software, which consists of a server and a client, has been developed as part of the Earth Science (ES) Datacasting project. The goal of ES Datacasting is to provide scientists the ability to automatically and continuously download Earth science data that meets a precise, predefined need, and then to instantaneously visualize it on a local computer. This is achieved by applying the concept of podcasting to deliver science data over the Internet using RSS (Really Simple Syndication) XML feeds. By extending the RSS specification, scientists can filter a feed and only download the files that are required for a particular application (for example, only files that contain information about a particular event, such as a hurricane or flood). The extension also provides the ability for the client to understand the format of the data and visualize the information locally. The server part enables a data provider to create and serve basic Datacasting (RSS-based) feeds. The user can subscribe to any number of feeds, view the information related to each item contained within a feed (including browse pre-made images), manually download files associated with items, and place these files in a local store. The client-server architecture enables users to: a) Subscribe and interpret multiple Datacasting feeds (same look and feel as a typical mail client), b) Maintain a list of all items within each feed, c) Enable filtering on the lists based on different metadata attributes contained within the feed (list will reference only data files of interest), d) Visualize the reference data and associated metadata, e) Download files referenced within the list, and f) Automatically download files as new items become available.

47 CFR 25.110 - Filing of applications, fees, and number of copies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... going online at licensing.fcc.gov/myibfs and submitting the application through the International Bureau... required to file information on Form 312 must file that information electronically through the..., (2) The call sign of the space station or earth station, and (3) The file number of the application...

47 CFR 25.110 - Filing of applications, fees, and number of copies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... going online at licensing.fcc.gov/myibfs and submitting the application through the International Bureau... required to file information on Form 312 must file that information electronically through the..., (2) The call sign of the space station or earth station, and (3) The file number of the application...

Software Implements a Space-Mission File-Transfer Protocol

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rundstrom, Kathleen; Ho, Son Q.; Levesque, Michael; Sanders, Felicia; Burleigh, Scott; Veregge, John

2004-01-01

CFDP is a computer program that implements the CCSDS (Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems) File Delivery Protocol, which is an international standard for automatic, reliable transfers of files of data between locations on Earth and in outer space. CFDP administers concurrent file transfers in both directions, delivery of data out of transmission order, reliable and unreliable transmission modes, and automatic retransmission of lost or corrupted data by use of one or more of several lost-segment-detection modes. The program also implements several data-integrity measures, including file checksums and optional cyclic redundancy checks for each protocol data unit. The metadata accompanying each file can include messages to users application programs and commands for operating on remote file systems.

NASA Thesaurus Data File

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2012-01-01

The NASA Thesaurus contains the authorized NASA subject terms used to index and retrieve materials in the NASA Aeronautics and Space Database (NA&SD) and NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS). The scope of this controlled vocabulary includes not only aerospace engineering, but all supporting areas of engineering and physics, the natural space sciences (astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science), Earth sciences, and the biological sciences. The NASA Thesaurus Data File contains all valid terms and hierarchical relationships, USE references, and related terms in machine-readable form. The Data File is available in the following formats: RDF/SKOS, RDF/OWL, ZThes-1.0, and CSV/TXT.

77 FR 68881 - DIAS Holding, Inc., EarthBlock Technologies, Inc., Ensurapet, Inc., FIIC Holdings, Inc., GeM...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-16

... SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION [File No. 500-1] DIAS Holding, Inc., EarthBlock Technologies, Inc., Ensurapet, Inc., FIIC Holdings, Inc., GeM Solutions, Inc., Gold Star Tutoring Services Inc., and... accurate information concerning the securities of EarthBlock Technologies, Inc. because it has not filed...

47 CFR 25.137 - Application requirements for earth stations operating with non-U.S. licensed space stations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... communications with the U.S. earth station will originate or terminate. The applicant bears the burden of showing... under the World Trade Organization Basic Telecommunications Agreement. (b) Earth station applicants, or... addressed in this paragraph must be filed electronically through the International Bureau Filing System...

47 CFR 25.137 - Application requirements for earth stations operating with non-U.S. licensed space stations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... communications with the U.S. earth station will originate or terminate. The applicant bears the burden of showing... under the World Trade Organization Basic Telecommunications Agreement. (b) Earth station applicants, or... addressed in this paragraph must be filed electronically through the International Bureau Filing System...

47 CFR 25.137 - Application requirements for earth stations operating with non-U.S. licensed space stations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... communications with the U.S. earth station will originate or terminate. The applicant bears the burden of showing... under the World Trade Organization Basic Telecommunications Agreement. (b) Earth station applicants, or... addressed in this paragraph must be filed electronically through the International Bureau Filing System...

Land Boundary Conditions for the Goddard Earth Observing System Model Version 5 (GEOS-5) Climate Modeling System: Recent Updates and Data File Descriptions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mahanama, Sarith P.; Koster, Randal D.; Walker, Gregory K.; Takacs, Lawrence L.; Reichle, Rolf H.; De Lannoy, Gabrielle; Liu, Qing; Zhao, Bin; Suarez, Max J.

2015-01-01

The Earths land surface boundary conditions in the Goddard Earth Observing System version 5 (GEOS-5) modeling system were updated using recent high spatial and temporal resolution global data products. The updates include: (i) construction of a global 10-arcsec land-ocean lakes-ice mask; (ii) incorporation of a 10-arcsec Globcover 2009 land cover dataset; (iii) implementation of Level 12 Pfafstetter hydrologic catchments; (iv) use of hybridized SRTM global topography data; (v) construction of the HWSDv1.21-STATSGO2 merged global 30 arc second soil mineral and carbon data in conjunction with a highly-refined soil classification system; (vi) production of diffuse visible and near-infrared 8-day MODIS albedo climatologies at 30-arcsec from the period 2001-2011; and (vii) production of the GEOLAND2 and MODIS merged 8-day LAI climatology at 30-arcsec for GEOS-5. The global data sets were preprocessed and used to construct global raster data files for the software (mkCatchParam) that computes parameters on catchment-tiles for various atmospheric grids. The updates also include a few bug fixes in mkCatchParam, as well as changes (improvements in algorithms, etc.) to mkCatchParam that allow it to produce tile-space parameters efficiently for high resolution AGCM grids. The update process also includes the construction of data files describing the vegetation type fractions, soil background albedo, nitrogen deposition and mean annual 2m air temperature to be used with the future Catchment CN model and the global stream channel network to be used with the future global runoff routing model. This report provides detailed descriptions of the data production process and data file format of each updated data set.

A Google Earth Grand Tour of the Terrestrial Planets

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

De Paor, Declan; Coba, Filis; Burgin, Stephen

2016-01-01

Google Earth is a powerful instructional resource for geoscience education. We have extended the virtual globe to include all terrestrial planets. Downloadable Keyhole Markup Language (KML) files (Google Earth's scripting language) associated with this paper include lessons about Mercury, Venus, the Moon, and Mars. We created "grand…

47 CFR 25.137 - Application requirements for earth stations operating with non-U.S. licensed space stations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... communications with the U.S. earth station will originate or terminate. The applicant bears the burden of showing... paragraph (a) of this section must be filed electronically through the International Bureau Filing System... 47 Telecommunication 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Application requirements for earth stations...

47 CFR 25.137 - Application requirements for earth stations operating with non-U.S. licensed space stations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... communications with the U.S. earth station will originate or terminate. The applicant bears the burden of showing... paragraph (a) of this section must be filed electronically through the International Bureau Filing System... 47 Telecommunication 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Application requirements for earth stations...

On the Structure of Earth Science Data Collections

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Barkstrom, B. R.

2009-12-01

While there has been substantial work in the IT community regarding metadata and file identifier schemas, there appears to be relatively little work on the organization of the file collections that constitute the preponderance of Earth science data. One symptom of this difficulty appears in nomenclature describing collections: the terms `Data Product,' `Data Set,' and `Version' are overlaid with multiple meanings between communities. A particularly important aspect of this lack of standardization appears when the community attempts to developa schema for data file identifiers. There are four candidate families of identifiers: ● Randomly assigned identifiers, such as GUIDs or UUIDs, ● Segmented numerical identifiers, such as OIDs or the prefixes for DOIs, ● Extensible URL-based identifiers, such as URNs, PURL, ARK, and similar schemas, ● Text-based identifiers based on citations for papers and books, such as those suggested for the International Polar Year (IPY) citations. Unfortunately, these schema families appear to be devoid of content based on the actual structures of Earth science data collections. In this paper, we consider an organization based on an industrial production paradigm that appears to provide the preponderance of Earth science data from satellites and in situ observations. This paradigm produces a hierarchical collection structure, similar to one discussed in Barkstrom [2003: Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2649, pp. 118-133]. In this organization, three key collection types are ● a Data Product, which is a collection of files that have similar key parameters and included data time interval, ● a Data Set, which is a collection of files within a Data Product that comes from a specified set of Data Sources, ● a Data Set Version, which is a collection of files within a Data Set for which the data producer has attempted to ensure error homogeneity. Within a Data Set Version, files appear as a time series of instances that may be

CO2calc: A User-Friendly Seawater Carbon Calculator for Windows, Mac OS X, and iOS (iPhone)

USGS Publications Warehouse

Robbins, L.L.; Hansen, M.E.; Kleypas, J.A.; Meylan, S.C.

2010-01-01

A user-friendly, stand-alone application for the calculation of carbonate system parameters was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey Florida Shelf Ecosystems Response to Climate Change Project in response to its Ocean Acidification Task. The application, by Mark Hansen and Lisa Robbins, USGS St. Petersburg, FL, Joanie Kleypas, NCAR, Boulder, CO, and Stephan Meylan, Jacobs Technology, St. Petersburg, FL, is intended as a follow-on to CO2SYS, originally developed by Lewis and Wallace (1998) and later modified for Microsoft Excel? by Denis Pierrot (Pierrot and others, 2006). Besides eliminating the need for using Microsoft Excel on the host system, CO2calc offers several improvements on CO2SYS, including: An improved graphical user interface for data entry and results Additional calculations of air-sea CO2 fluxes (for surface water calculations) The ability to tag data with sample name, comments, date, time, and latitude/longitude The ability to use the system time and date and latitude/ longitude (automatic retrieval of latitude and longitude available on iPhone? 3, 3GS, 4, and Windows? hosts with an attached National Marine Electronics Association (NMEA)-enabled GPS) The ability to process multiple files in a batch processing mode An option to save sample information, data input, and calculated results as a comma-separated value (CSV) file for use with Microsoft Excel, ArcGIS,? or other applications An option to export points with geographic coordinates as a KMZ file for viewing and editing in Google EarthTM

Benchmark Comparison of Cloud Analytics Methods Applied to Earth Observations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lynnes, Chris; Little, Mike; Huang, Thomas; Jacob, Joseph; Yang, Phil; Kuo, Kwo-Sen

2016-01-01

Cloud computing has the potential to bring high performance computing capabilities to the average science researcher. However, in order to take full advantage of cloud capabilities, the science data used in the analysis must often be reorganized. This typically involves sharding the data across multiple nodes to enable relatively fine-grained parallelism. This can be either via cloud-based file systems or cloud-enabled databases such as Cassandra, Rasdaman or SciDB. Since storing an extra copy of data leads to increased cost and data management complexity, NASA is interested in determining the benefits and costs of various cloud analytics methods for real Earth Observation cases. Accordingly, NASA's Earth Science Technology Office and Earth Science Data and Information Systems project have teamed with cloud analytics practitioners to run a benchmark comparison on cloud analytics methods using the same input data and analysis algorithms. We have particularly looked at analysis algorithms that work over long time series, because these are particularly intractable for many Earth Observation datasets which typically store data with one or just a few time steps per file. This post will present side-by-side cost and performance results for several common Earth observation analysis operations.

Earth Probe Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) Data Product User's Guide

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

McPeters, R.; Bhartia, P. K.; Krueger, A.; Herman, J.; Wellemeyer, C.; Seftor, C.; Jaross, G.; Torres, O.; Moy, L.; Labow, G.;

A preliminary checklist of the freshwater snails of Sabah (Malaysian Borneo) deposited in the BORNEENSIS collection, Universiti Malaysia Sabah

PubMed Central

Ng, Ting Hui; Dulipat, Jasrul; Foon, Junn Kitt; Lopes-Lima, Manuel; Alexandra Zieritz; Liew, Thor-Seng

2017-01-01

Abstract Sabah, a Malaysian state at the north-eastern tip of Borneo, is situated in one of the Earth’s biodiversity hotspots yet its freshwater gastropod diversity remains poorly known. An annotated checklist of the freshwater gastropods is presented, based on specimens deposited in the BORNEENSIS collection of the Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation at Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia. A KMZ file is also provided, which acts as a repository of digital images and complete collection data of all examined material, so that it can be shared and adapted to facilitate future research. PMID:28769673

A-Train Data Depot (ATDD)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Smith, Peter M.; Kempler, Steven; Leptoukh, Gregory; Savtchenko, Andrey; Kummerer, Robert; Gopolan, Arun

2008-01-01

ATDD is a web based tool which provides collocated data and display products for a number of A-train instruments Cloudsat, Calipso, OMI, AIRS, MODIS, MLS, POLDER-3, and ECWMF model data. Products provided include Clouds, Aerosols, Water Vapor, Temperatures and trace gases. All input data is online and in HDF4, HDF5 format. Display products include curtain images, horizontal strips, line plot overlays, and GE kmz files. Sample products are shown for two type of events. Hurricane event, Norbert, Oct 8, 2008 and a dust storm event over the Arabian Sea, Nov 13-14, 2008.

Use of Schema on Read in Earth Science Data Archives

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hegde, Mahabaleshwara; Smit, Christine; Pilone, Paul; Petrenko, Maksym; Pham, Long

2017-01-01

Traditionally, NASA Earth Science data archives have file-based storage using proprietary data file formats, such as HDF and HDF-EOS, which are optimized to support fast and efficient storage of spaceborne and model data as they are generated. The use of file-based storage essentially imposes an indexing strategy based on data dimensions. In most cases, NASA Earth Science data uses time as the primary index, leading to poor performance in accessing data in spatial dimensions. For example, producing a time series for a single spatial grid cell involves accessing a large number of data files. With exponential growth in data volume due to the ever-increasing spatial and temporal resolution of the data, using file-based archives poses significant performance and cost barriers to data discovery and access. Storing and disseminating data in proprietary data formats imposes an additional access barrier for users outside the mainstream research community. At the NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data Information Services Center (GES DISC), we have evaluated applying the schema-on-read principle to data access and distribution. We used Apache Parquet to store geospatial data, and have exposed data through Amazon Web Services (AWS) Athena, AWS Simple Storage Service (S3), and Apache Spark. Using the schema-on-read approach allows customization of indexing spatially or temporally to suit the data access pattern. The storage of data in open formats such as Apache Parquet has widespread support in popular programming languages. A wide range of solutions for handling big data lowers the access barrier for all users. This presentation will discuss formats used for data storage, frameworks with This presentation will discuss formats used for data storage, frameworks with support for schema-on-read used for data access, and common use cases covering data usage patterns seen in a geospatial data archive.

Use of Schema on Read in Earth Science Data Archives

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Petrenko, M.; Hegde, M.; Smit, C.; Pilone, P.; Pham, L.

2017-12-01

Traditionally, NASA Earth Science data archives have file-based storage using proprietary data file formats, such as HDF and HDF-EOS, which are optimized to support fast and efficient storage of spaceborne and model data as they are generated. The use of file-based storage essentially imposes an indexing strategy based on data dimensions. In most cases, NASA Earth Science data uses time as the primary index, leading to poor performance in accessing data in spatial dimensions. For example, producing a time series for a single spatial grid cell involves accessing a large number of data files. With exponential growth in data volume due to the ever-increasing spatial and temporal resolution of the data, using file-based archives poses significant performance and cost barriers to data discovery and access. Storing and disseminating data in proprietary data formats imposes an additional access barrier for users outside the mainstream research community. At the NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data Information Services Center (GES DISC), we have evaluated applying the "schema-on-read" principle to data access and distribution. We used Apache Parquet to store geospatial data, and have exposed data through Amazon Web Services (AWS) Athena, AWS Simple Storage Service (S3), and Apache Spark. Using the "schema-on-read" approach allows customization of indexing—spatial or temporal—to suit the data access pattern. The storage of data in open formats such as Apache Parquet has widespread support in popular programming languages. A wide range of solutions for handling big data lowers the access barrier for all users. This presentation will discuss formats used for data storage, frameworks with support for "schema-on-read" used for data access, and common use cases covering data usage patterns seen in a geospatial data archive.

Google earth as a source of ancillary material in a history of psychology class.

PubMed

Stevison, Blake K; Biggs, Patrick T; Abramson, Charles I

2010-06-01

This article discusses the use of Google Earth to visit significant geographical locations associated with events in the history of psychology. The process of opening files, viewing content, adding placemarks, and saving customized virtual tours on Google Earth are explained. Suggestions for incorporating Google Earth into a history of psychology course are also described.

Enhancing Geographic and Digital Literacy with a Student-Generated Course Portfolio in Google Earth

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Guertin, Laura; Stubbs, Christopher; Millet, Christopher; Lee, Tsan-Kuang; Bodek, Matthew

2012-01-01

Google Earth can serve as a platform for students to construct a course ePortfolio. By having students construct their own placemarks in a customized Google Earth file, students document their learning in a geospatial context, learn an innovative use of Google Earth, and have the opportunity for creativity and flexibility with disseminating their…

Use of Web 2.0 Technologies for Public Outreach on a Simulated Mars Mission

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ferrone, Kristine; Shiro, Brian; Palaia, Joseph E., IV

2009-01-01

Recent advances in social media and internet communications have revolutionized the ways people interact and disseminate information. Astronauts are already taking advantage of these tools by blogging and tweeting from space, and almost all NASA missions now have presences on the major social networking sites. One priotity for future human explorers on Mars will be communicating their experiences to the people back on Earth. During July 2009, a 6-member crew of volunteers carried out a simulated Mars mission at the Flashline Mars Arctic Research Station (FMARS). The Mars Society built the mock Mars habitat in 2000-01 to help develop key knowledge and inspire the public for human Mars exploration. It is located on Devon island about 1600 km from the North Pole within the Arctic Circle. The structure is situated on the rim of Haughton Crater in an environment geologically and biologically analogous to Mars. Living in a habitat, conducting EVAs wearing spacesuits, and observing communication delays with "Earth,"the crew endured restrictions similar to those that will be faced by future human Mars explorers. Throughout the expedition, crewmembers posted daily blog entries, reports, photos, videos, and updates to their website and social media outlets Twitter, Facebook, YouTube, and Picasa Web Albums. During the sixteen EVAs of thier field science research campaign, FMARS crewmembers collected GPS track information and took geotagged photos using GPS-enabled cameras. They combined their traverse GPS tracks with photo location information into KML/KMZ files that website visitors can view in Google Earth.

MERRA-2: File Specification

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bosilovich, M. G.; Lucchesi, R.; Suarez, M.

2015-01-01

The second Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA-2) is a NASA atmospheric reanalysis that begins in 1980. It replaces the original MERRA reanalysis (Rienecker et al., 2011) using an upgraded version of the Goddard Earth Observing System Model, Version 5 (GEOS-5) data assimilation system. The file collections for MERRA-2 are described in detail in this document, including some important changes from those of the MERRA dataset (Lucchesi, 2012).

77 FR 107 - Notice of Preliminary Permit Application Accepted for Filing and Soliciting Comments, Motions To...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-03

... Competing Applications; Earth By Design, Inc. On October 13, 2011, and supplemented on October 30, 2011, Earth By Design, Inc. filed an application for a preliminary permit, pursuant to section 4(f) of the... generation of the project would be 7.2 gigawatt-hours. Applicant Contact: Mr. Jim Gordon, President, Earth By...

A Pyramid Scheme for Constructing Geologic Maps on Geobrowsers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Whitmeyer, S. J.; de Paor, D. G.; Daniels, J.; Jeremy, N.; Michael, R.; Santangelo, B.

2008-12-01

Hundreds of geologic maps have been draped onto Google Earth (GE) using the ground overlay tag of Keyhole Markup Language (KML) and dozens have been published on academic and survey web pages as downloadable KML or KMZ (zipped KML) files. The vast majority of these are small KML docs that link to single, large - often very large - image files (jpegs, tiffs, etc.) Files that exceed 50 MB in size defeat the purpose of GE as an interactive and responsive, and therefore fast, virtual terrain medium. KML supports super-overlays (a.k.a. image pyramids), which break large graphic files into manageable tiles that load only when they are in the visible region at a sufficient level of detail (LOD), and several automatic tile-generating applications have been written. The process of exporting map data from applications such as ArcGIS® to KML format is becoming more manageable but still poses challenges. Complications arise, for example, because of differences between grid-north at a point on a map and true north at the equivalent location on the virtual globe. In our recent field season, we devised ways of overcoming many of these obstacles in order to generate responsive, panable, zoomable geologic maps in which data is layered in a pyramid structure similar to the image pyramid used for default GE terrain. The structure of our KML code for each level of the pyramid is self-similar: (i) check whether the current tile is in the visible region, (ii) if so, render the current overlay, (iii) add the current data level, and (iv) using four network links, check the visibility and LOD of four nested tiles. By using this pyramid structure we provide the user with access to geologic and map data at multiple levels of observation. For example, when the viewpoint is distant, regional structures and stratigraphy (e.g. lithological groups and terrane boundaries) are visible. As the user zooms to lower elevations, formations and ultimately individual outcrops come into focus. The pyramid

75 FR 25293 - Notice Pursuant to the National Cooperative Research and Production Act of 1993-Rare Earth...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-07

... Production Act of 1993--Rare Earth Industry and Technology Association Notice is hereby given that, on March..., 15 U.S.C. 4301 et seq. (``the Act''), the Rare Earth Technology Consortium (``RETC'') has filed..., the identities of the parties to the venture are: Rare Earth Industry and Tecimology Association...

76 FR 25320 - Indian Blanket Water LLC; Notice of Preliminary Permit Application Accepted for Filing and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-04

...: (1) A 120-foot-high, 3,200-foot-long earth embankment dam; (2) a 30- foot-high, 300-foot-long earth...-foot storage capacity; (4) a 60-foot-high, 5,600-foot-long earth embankment dam creating; (5) a lower... characters, without prior registration, using the eComment system at http://www.ferc.gov/docs-filing/ecomment...

47 CFR 25.131 - Filing requirements and registration for receive-only earth stations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... receive-only earth stations. 25.131 Section 25.131 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS Applications and Licenses Earth Stations § 25..., subpart Y of this chapter. (b) Receive-only earth stations in the Fixed-Satellite Service that operate...

Publications of Western Earth Surface Processes Team 2001

USGS Publications Warehouse

Powell, II; Graymer, R.W.

2002-01-01

The Western Earth Surface Processes Team (WESPT) of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducts geologic mapping and related topical earth-science studies in the Western United States. This work is focused on areas where modern geologic maps and associated earth-science data are needed to address key societal and environmental issues, such as ground-water quality, landslides and other potential geologic hazards, and land-use decisions. Areas of primary emphasis in 2001 included southern California, the San Francisco Bay region, the Pacific Northwest, and the Las Vegas urban corridor. The team has its headquarters in Menlo Park, California, and maintains smaller field offices at several other locations in the Western United States. The results of research conducted by the WESPT are released to the public as a variety of databases, maps, text reports, and abstracts, both through the internal publication system of the USGS and in diverse external publications such as scientific journals and books. This report lists publications of the WESPT released in 2001, as well as additional 1999 and 2000 publications that were not included in the previous list (USGS Open-File Report 00–215 and USGS Open-File Report 01–198). Most of the publications listed were authored or coauthored by WESPT staff. The list also includes some publications authored by non-USGS cooperators with the WESPT, as well as some authored by USGS staff outside the WESPT in cooperation with WESPT projects. Several of the publications listed are available on the World Wide Web; for these, URL addresses are provided. Many of these web publications are USGS Open-File Reports that contain large digital databases of geologic map and related information.

75 FR 18189 - Riverbank Minnesota, LLC; Notice of Preliminary Permit Application Accepted for Filing and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-09

... consist of: (1) A new approximately 135-acre, 30-foot-deep upper reservoir constructed of enclosed earth... Internet. See 18 CFR 385.2001(a)(1)(iii) and the instructions on the Commission's Web site under the ``e... filings please go to the Commission's Web site located at http://www.ferc.gov/filing-comments.asp . More...

Scalable Earth-observation Analytics for Geoscientists: Spacetime Extensions to the Array Database SciDB

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Appel, Marius; Lahn, Florian; Pebesma, Edzer; Buytaert, Wouter; Moulds, Simon

2016-04-01

Today's amount of freely available data requires scientists to spend large parts of their work on data management. This is especially true in environmental sciences when working with large remote sensing datasets, such as obtained from earth-observation satellites like the Sentinel fleet. Many frameworks like SpatialHadoop or Apache Spark address the scalability but target programmers rather than data analysts, and are not dedicated to imagery or array data. In this work, we use the open-source data management and analytics system SciDB to bring large earth-observation datasets closer to analysts. Its underlying data representation as multidimensional arrays fits naturally to earth-observation datasets, distributes storage and computational load over multiple instances by multidimensional chunking, and also enables efficient time-series based analyses, which is usually difficult using file- or tile-based approaches. Existing interfaces to R and Python furthermore allow for scalable analytics with relatively little learning effort. However, interfacing SciDB and file-based earth-observation datasets that come as tiled temporal snapshots requires a lot of manual bookkeeping during ingestion, and SciDB natively only supports loading data from CSV-like and custom binary formatted files, which currently limits its practical use in earth-observation analytics. To make it easier to work with large multi-temporal datasets in SciDB, we developed software tools that enrich SciDB with earth observation metadata and allow working with commonly used file formats: (i) the SciDB extension library scidb4geo simplifies working with spatiotemporal arrays by adding relevant metadata to the database and (ii) the Geospatial Data Abstraction Library (GDAL) driver implementation scidb4gdal allows to ingest and export remote sensing imagery from and to a large number of file formats. Using added metadata on temporal resolution and coverage, the GDAL driver supports time-based ingestion of

76 FR 60016 - Bellwood Hydro, LLC; Notice of Preliminary Permit Application Accepted for Filing and Soliciting...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-28

...-high rock or earth fill main dam and a new 2,500-foot-long, 60-foot-high rock or earth fill saddle dam...-long, 185-foot-high rock or earth fill dam forming a lower reservoir having a surface area of 120 acres... registration, using the eComment system at http://www.ferc.gov/docs-filing/ecomment.asp . You must include your...

Sensor Webs in Digital Earth

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Heavner, M. J.; Fatland, D. R.; Moeller, H.; Hood, E.; Schultz, M.

2007-12-01

The University of Alaska Southeast is currently implementing a sensor web identified as the SouthEast Alaska MOnitoring Network for Science, Telecommunications, Education, and Research (SEAMONSTER). From power systems and instrumentation through data management, visualization, education, and public outreach, SEAMONSTER is designed with modularity in mind. We are utilizing virtual earth infrastructures to enhance both sensor web management and data access. We will describe how the design philosophy of using open, modular components contributes to the exploration of different virtual earth environments. We will also describe the sensor web physical implementation and how the many components have corresponding virtual earth representations. This presentation will provide an example of the integration of sensor webs into a virtual earth. We suggest that IPY sensor networks and sensor webs may integrate into virtual earth systems and provide an IPY legacy easily accessible to both scientists and the public. SEAMONSTER utilizes geobrowsers for education and public outreach, sensor web management, data dissemination, and enabling collaboration. We generate near-real-time auto-updating geobrowser files of the data. In this presentation we will describe how we have implemented these technologies to date, the lessons learned, and our efforts towards greater OGC standard implementation. A major focus will be on demonstrating how geobrowsers have made this project possible.

47 CFR 1.1107 - Schedule of charges for applications and other filings for the international services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... services. Payment can be made electronically using the Commission's electronic filing and payment system...) Corres & 159 $1,130.00 CUT 3. Fixed Satellite Transmit/Receive Earth Stations: a. Initial Application... transmit/receive Earth Stations (2 meters or less operating in the 4/6 GHz frequency band): a. Lead...

Publications of the Western Earth Surface Processes Team 2002

USGS Publications Warehouse

Powell, Charles; Graymer, R.W.

2003-01-01

The Western Earth Surface Processes Team (WESPT) of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducts geologic mapping and related topical earth science studies in the western United States. This work is focused on areas where modern geologic maps and associated earth-science data are needed to address key societal and environmental issues such as ground-water quality, landslides and other potential geologic hazards, and land-use decisions. Areas of primary emphasis in 2001 included southern California, the San Francisco Bay region, the Pacific Northwest, and the Las Vegas urban corridor. The team has its headquarters in Menlo Park, California, and maintains smaller field offices at several other locations in the western United States. The results of research conducted by the WESPT are released to the public as a variety of databases, maps, text reports, and abstracts, both through the internal publication system of the USGS and in diverse external publications such as scientific journals and books. This report lists publications of the WESPT released in 2002 as well as additional 1998 and 2001 publications that were not included in the previous list (USGS Open-File Report 00-215, USGS Open-File Report 01-198, and USGS Open-File Report 02-269). Most of the publications listed were authored or coauthored by WESPT staff. The list also includes some publications authored by non-USGS cooperators with the WESPT, as well as some authored by USGS staff outside the WESPT in cooperation with WESPT projects. Several of the publications listed are available on the World Wide Web; for these, URL addresses are provided. Many of these web publications are USGS open-file reports that contain large digital databases of geologic map and related information. Information on ordering USGS publications can be found on the World Wide Web or by calling 1-888-ASK-USGS. The U.S. Geological Survey’s web server for geologic information in the western United States is located at http

EcAMSat Video News File

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-11-03

A video news file (or a collection of raw video and interview clips) about the EcAMSat mission. Ever wonder what would happen if you got sick in space? NASA is sending samples of bacteria into low-Earth orbit to find out. One of the latest small satellite missions from NASA’s Ames Research Center in California’s Silicon Valley is the E. coli Anti-Microbial Satellite, or EcAMSat for short. The CubeSat – a spacecraft the size of a shoebox built from cube-shaped units – will explore how effectively antibiotics can combat E. coli bacteria in the low gravity of space. This information will help us improve how we fight infections, providing safer journeys for astronauts on their future voyages, and offer benefits for medicine here on Earth.

An analysis of the low-earth-orbit communications environment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Diersing, Robert Joseph

Advances in microprocessor technology and availability of launch opportunities have caused interest in low-earth-orbit satellite based communications systems to increase dramatically during the past several years. In this research the capabilities of two low-cost, store-and-forward LEO communications satellites operating in the public domain are examined--PACSAT-1 (operated by the Radio Amateur Satellite Corporation) and UoSAT-3 (operated by the University of Surrey, England, Electrical Engineering Department). The file broadcasting and file transfer facilities are examined in detail and a simulation model of the downlink traffic pattern is developed. The simulator will aid the assessment of changes in design and implementation for other systems. The development of the downlink traffic simulator is based on three major parts. First, is a characterization of the low-earth-orbit operating environment along with preliminary measurements of the PACSAT-1 and UoSAT-3 systems including: satellite visibility constraints on communications, monitoring equipment configuration, link margin computations, determination of block and bit error rates, and establishing typical data capture rates for ground stations using computer-pointed directional antennas and fixed omni-directional antennas. Second, arrival rates for successful and unsuccessful file server connections are established along with transaction service times. Downlink traffic has been further characterized by measuring: frame and byte counts for all data-link layer traffic; 30-second interval average response time for all traffic and for file server traffic only; file server response time on a per-connection basis; and retry rates for information and supervisory frames. Finally, the model is verified by comparison with measurements of actual traffic not previously used in the model building process. The simulator is then used to predict operation of the PACSAT-1 satellite with modifications to the original design.

77 FR 5865 - In the Matter of Blue Earth Refineries, Inc.; Order of Suspension of Trading

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-06

... SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION [File No. 500-1] In the Matter of Blue Earth Refineries, Inc.; Order of Suspension of Trading February 2, 2012. It appears to the Securities and Exchange Commission that there is a lack of current and accurate information concerning the securities of Blue Earth...

EarthEd Online: Open Source Online Software to Support Large Courses

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Prothero, W. A.

2003-12-01

The purpose of the EarthEd Online software project is to support a modern instructional pedagogy in a large, college level, earth science course. It is an ongoing development project that has evolved in a large general education oceanography course over the last decade. Primary goals for the oceanography course are to support learners in acquiring a knowledge of science process, an appreciation for the relevance of science to society, and basic content knowledge. In order to support these goals, EarthEd incorporates: a) integrated access to various kinds of real earth data (and links to web-based data browsers), b) online discussions, live chat, with integrated graphics editing, linking, and upload, c) online writing, reviewing, and grading, d) online homework assignments, e) on demand grade calculation, and f) instructor grade entry and progress reports. The software was created using Macromedia Director. It is distributed to students on a CDROM and updates are downloaded and installed automatically. Data browsers for plate tectonics relevant data ("Our Dynamic Planet"), a virtual exploration of the East Pacific Rise, the World Ocean Atlas-98, and a fishing simulation game are integrated with the EarthEd software. The system is modular which allows new capabilities, such as new data browsers, to be added. Student reactions to the software are positive overall. They are especially appreciative of the on demand grade computation capability. The online writing, commenting and grading is particularly effective in managing the large number of papers that get submitted. The TA's grade the papers, but the instructor can provide feedback to them as they grade the papers, and a record is maintained of all comments and rubric item grades. Commenting is made easy by simply "dragging" a selection of pre-defined comments into the student's text. Scoring is supported by an integrated scoring rubric. All assignments, rubrics, etc. are configured in text files that are downloaded

Radiometric responsivity determination for Feature Identification and Location Experiment (FILE) flown on space shuttle mission

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wilson, R. G.; Davis, R. E.; Wright, R. E., Jr.; Sivertson, W. E., Jr.; Bullock, G. F.

1986-01-01

A procedure was developed to obtain the radiometric (radiance) responsivity of the Feature Identification and Local Experiment (FILE) instrument in preparation for its flight on Space Shuttle Mission 41-G (November 1984). This instrument was designed to obtain Earth feature radiance data in spectral bands centered at 0.65 and 0.85 microns, along with corroborative color and color-infrared photographs, and to collect data to evaluate a technique for in-orbit autonomous classification of the Earth's primary features. The calibration process incorporated both solar radiance measurements and radiative transfer model predictions in estimating expected radiance inputs to the FILE on the Shuttle. The measured data are compared with the model predictions, and the differences observed are discussed. Application of the calibration procedure to the FILE over an 18-month period indicated a constant responsivity characteristic. This report documents the calibration procedure and the associated radiometric measurements and predictions that were part of the instrument preparation for flight.

Re-Organizing Earth Observation Data Storage to Support Temporal Analysis of Big Data

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lynnes, Christopher

2017-01-01

The Earth Observing System Data and Information System archives many datasets that are critical to understanding long-term variations in Earth science properties. Thus, some of these are large, multi-decadal datasets. Yet the challenge in long time series analysis comes less from the sheer volume than the data organization, which is typically one (or a small number of) time steps per file. The overhead of opening and inventorying complex, API-driven data formats such as Hierarchical Data Format introduces a small latency at each time step, which nonetheless adds up for datasets with O(10^6) single-timestep files. Several approaches to reorganizing the data can mitigate this overhead by an order of magnitude: pre-aggregating data along the time axis (time-chunking); storing the data in a highly distributed file system; or storing data in distributed columnar databases. Storing a second copy of the data incurs extra costs, so some selection criteria must be employed, which would be driven by expected or actual usage by the end user community, balanced against the extra cost.

Re-organizing Earth Observation Data Storage to Support Temporal Analysis of Big Data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lynnes, C.

2017-12-01

The Earth Observing System Data and Information System archives many datasets that are critical to understanding long-term variations in Earth science properties. Thus, some of these are large, multi-decadal datasets. Yet the challenge in long time series analysis comes less from the sheer volume than the data organization, which is typically one (or a small number of) time steps per file. The overhead of opening and inventorying complex, API-driven data formats such as Hierarchical Data Format introduces a small latency at each time step, which nonetheless adds up for datasets with O(10^6) single-timestep files. Several approaches to reorganizing the data can mitigate this overhead by an order of magnitude: pre-aggregating data along the time axis (time-chunking); storing the data in a highly distributed file system; or storing data in distributed columnar databases. Storing a second copy of the data incurs extra costs, so some selection criteria must be employed, which would be driven by expected or actual usage by the end user community, balanced against the extra cost.

75 FR 59706 - Medicine Bow Hydro, LLC; Notice of Preliminary Permit Application Accepted for Filing and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-28

... consist of the following: (1) A 9,200- foot-circumference, 60-foot-high earth or rockfilled embankment... feet mean sea level (msl); (2) a 1,480-foot-long, 210-foot-high earth and rockfill or concrete-face... characters, without prior registration, using the eComment system at http://www.ferc.gov/docs-filing/ecomment...

Data Fusion and Visualization with the OpenEarth Framework (OEF)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nadeau, D. R.; Baru, C.; Fouch, M. J.; Crosby, C. J.

2010-12-01

Data fusion is an increasingly important problem to solve as we strive to integrate data from multiple sources and build better models of the complex processes operating at the Earth’s surface and its interior. These data are often large, multi-dimensional, and subject to differing conventions for file formats, data structures, coordinate spaces, units of measure, and metadata organization. When visualized, these data require differing, and often conflicting, conventions for visual representations, dimensionality, icons, color schemes, labeling, and interaction. These issues make the visualization of fused Earth science data particularly difficult. The OpenEarth Framework (OEF) is an open-source data fusion and visualization suite of software being developed at the Supercomputer Center at the University of California, San Diego. Funded by the NSF, the project is leveraging virtual globe technology from NASA’s WorldWind to create interactive 3D visualization tools that combine layered data from a variety of sources to create a holistic view of features at, above, and beneath the Earth’s surface. The OEF architecture is cross-platform, multi-threaded, modular, and based upon Java. The OEF’s modular approach yields a collection of compatible mix-and-match components for assembling custom applications. Available modules support file format handling, web service communications, data management, data filtering, user interaction, and 3D visualization. File parsers handle a variety of formal and de facto standard file formats. Each one imports data into a general-purpose data representation that supports multidimensional grids, topography, points, lines, polygons, images, and more. From there these data then may be manipulated, merged, filtered, reprojected, and visualized. Visualization features support conventional and new visualization techniques for looking at topography, tomography, maps, and feature geometry. 3D grid data such as seismic tomography may be

76 FR 25320 - Hawthorn Water LLC; Notice of Preliminary Permit Application Accepted for Filing and Soliciting...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-04

...-long earth embankment dam creating; (2) an upper reservoir with a surface area of 120 acres and an 6,000 acre-foot storage capacity; (3) a 80-foot-high, 2,800-foot-long earth embankment dam creating; (4... prior registration, using the eComment system at http://www.ferc.gov/docs-filing/ecomment.asp . You must...

76 FR 30327 - Reliable Storage 1 LLC; Notice of Preliminary Permit Application Accepted for Filing and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-25

...-high, 2,932-foot-long earth embankment dam; (2) an upper reservoir with a surface area of 27.5 acres and an 2,262 acre-foot storage capacity; (3) a 120-foot-high, 2,475-foot-long earth embankment dam..., using the eComment system at http://www.ferc.gov/docs-filing/ecomment.asp . You must include your name...

77 FR 9229 - Reliable Storage 1 LLC; Notice of Preliminary Permit Application Accepted for Filing and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-16

...-long earth embankment dam; (2) an upper reservoir with a surface area of 100 acres and an 7,100 acre-foot storage capacity; (3) a 120-foot-high, 920-foot-long earth embankment dam creating; (4) a lower..., using the eComment system at http://www.ferc.gov/docs-filing/ecomment.asp . You must include your name...

76 FR 25319 - Magnolia Water LLC; Notice of Preliminary Permit Application Accepted for Filing and Soliciting...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-04

...-long earth embankment dam creating; (2) an upper reservoir with a surface area of 85 acres and an 5,000 acre-foot storage capacity; (3) a 60-foot-high, 7,300-foot-long earth embankment dam creating; (4) a... characters, without prior registration, using the eComment system at http://www.ferc.gov/docs-filing/ecomment...

76 FR 30339 - Reliable Storage 1 LLC; Notice of Preliminary Permit Application Accepted for Filing and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-25

...-long earth embankment dam; (2) an upper reservoir with a surface area of 57.4 acres and an 4,563 acre-foot storage capacity; (3) a 180-foot-high, 323-foot-long earth embankment dam creating; (4) a lower... registration, using the eComment system at http://www.ferc.gov/docs-filing/ecomment.asp . You must include your...

77 FR 24947 - Cedar Creek Hydro, LLC; Notice of Preliminary Permit Application Accepted for Filing and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-26

... consist of: (1) A 60- foot-high, 12,700-foot-long earth embankment upper dam; (2) an upper reservoir with... with a total capacity of 660.0 megawatts; (5) a 140- foot-high, 1,600-foot-long earth embankment lower... system at http://www.ferc.gov/docs-filing/ecomment.asp . You must include your name and contact...

Magnetic Nanofluid Rare Earth Element Extraction Process Report, Techno Economic Analysis, and Results for Geothermal Fluids

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pete McGrail

This GDR submission is an interim technical report and raw data files from the first year of testing on functionalized nanoparticles for rare earth element extraction from geothermal fluids. The report contains Rare Earth Element uptake results (percent removal, mg Rare Earth Element/gram of sorbent, distribution coefficient) for the elements of Neodymium, Europium, Yttrium, Dysprosium, and Cesium. A detailed techno economic analysis is also presented in the report for a scaled up geothermal rare earth element extraction process. All rare earth element uptake testing was done on simulated geothermal brines with one rare earth element in each brine. The raremore » earth element uptake testing was conducted at room temperature.« less

76 FR 74783 - Apache Hydro LLC; Notice of Preliminary Permit Application Accepted for Filing and Soliciting...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-01

... project would consist of the following: (1) A 210-foot-high, 1,610-foot-long earth fill dam; (2) a 20-foot... acre-foot storage capacity; (4) a 170-foot-high, 1,270.0-foot-long earth fill dam creating; (5) a lower... prior registration, using the eComment system at http://www.ferc.gov/docs-filing/ecomment.asp . You must...

Visualizing Dynamic Weather and Ocean Data in Google Earth

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Castello, C.; Giencke, P.

2008-12-01

Katrina. Climate change. Rising sea levels. Low lake levels. These headliners, and countless others like them, underscore the need to better understand our changing oceans and lakes. Over the past decade, efforts such as the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) have added to this understanding, through the creation of interoperable ocean observing systems. These systems, including buoy networks, gliders, UAV's, etc, have resulted in a dramatic increase in the amount of Earth observation data available to the public. Unfortunately, these data tend to be restrictive to mass consumption, owing to large file sizes, incompatible formats, and/or a dearth of user friendly visualization software. Google Earth offers a flexible way to visualize Earth observation data. Marrying high resolution orthoimagery, user friendly query and navigation tools, and the power of OGC's KML standard, Google Earth can make observation data universally understandable and accessible. This presentation will feature examples of meteorological and oceanographic data visualized using KML and Google Earth, along with tools and tips for integrating other such environmental datasets.

STS-56 ESC Earth observation of New Zealand (South Island)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1993-01-01

STS-56 electronic still camera (ESC) Earth observation image shows New Zealand (South Island) as recorded on the 45th orbit of Discovery, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 103. Westport is easily delineated in the image, which was recorded by the Hand-held, Earth-oriented, Real-time, Cooperative, User-friendly, Location-targeting and Environmental System (HERCULES). HERCULES is a device that makes it simple for shuttle crewmembers to take pictures of Earth as they merely point a modified 35mm camera and shoot any interesting feature, whose latitude and longitude are automatically determined in real-time. Center coordinates are 41.836 degrees south latitude and 171.641 degrees east longitude. (300mm lens, no filter). Digital file name is ESC07007.IMG.

Use of Web 2.0 Technologies for Public Outreach on a Simulated Mars Mission

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shiro, B.; Palaia, J.; Ferrone, K.

2009-12-01

Recent advances in social media and internet communications have revolutionized the ways people interact and disseminate information. Astronauts are already starting to take advantage of these tools by blogging and tweeting from space, and almost all NASA missions now have presences on the major social networking sites. One priority for future human explorers on Mars will be communicating their experiences to the people back on Earth. During July 2009, a six-member crew of volunteers carried out a simulated Mars mission at the Flashline Mars Arctic Research Station (FMARS) on Devon Island in the Canadian Arctic. Living in a habitat, conducting EVAs wearing spacesuits, and observing communication delays with “Earth,” the crew endured restrictions similar to those that will be faced by future human Mars explorers. Throughout the expedition, crewmembers posted regular blog entries, reports, photos, videos, and updates to their website and social media outlets Twitter, Facebook, YouTube, and Picasa Web Albums. During the sixteen EVAs of their field science research campaign, FMARS crewmembers collected GPS track information and took geotagged photos using GPS-enabled cameras. They combined their traverse GPS tracks with photo location information into KML/KMZ files that website visitors can view in Google Maps or Google Earth. Although the crew observed a strict 20-minute communication delay with “Earth” to simulate a real Mars mission, they broke this rule to conduct four very successful live webcasts with student groups using Skype since education and public outreach were important objectives of the endeavor. This presentation will highlight the use of Web 2.0 technologies for public outreach during the simulated Mars expedition and the implications for other remote scientific journeys. The author embarks on a "rover" to carry out an EVA near the FMARS Habitat. The satellite dish to the right of the structure was used for all communications with the remote

Illuminating Northern California’s Active Faults

USGS Publications Warehouse

Prentice, Carol S.; Crosby, Christopher J.; Whitehill, Caroline S.; Arrowsmith, J. Ramon; Furlong, Kevin P.; Philips, David A.

2009-01-01

Newly acquired light detection and ranging (lidar) topographic data provide a powerful community resource for the study of landforms associated with the plate boundary faults of northern California (Figure 1). In the spring of 2007, GeoEarthScope, a component of the EarthScope Facility construction project funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation, acquired approximately 2000 square kilometers of airborne lidar topographic data along major active fault zones of northern California. These data are now freely available in point cloud (x, y, z coordinate data for every laser return), digital elevation model (DEM), and KMZ (zipped Keyhole Markup Language, for use in Google EarthTM and other similar software) formats through the GEON OpenTopography Portal (http://www.OpenTopography.org/data). Importantly, vegetation can be digitally removed from lidar data, producing high-resolution images (0.5- or 1.0-meter DEMs) of the ground surface beneath forested regions that reveal landforms typically obscured by vegetation canopy (Figure 2)

MaRGEE: Move and Rotate Google Earth Elements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dordevic, Mladen M.; Whitmeyer, Steven J.

2015-12-01

Google Earth is recognized as a highly effective visualization tool for geospatial information. However, there remain serious limitations that have hindered its acceptance as a tool for research and education in the geosciences. One significant limitation is the inability to translate or rotate geometrical elements on the Google Earth virtual globe. Here we present a new JavaScript web application to "Move and Rotate Google Earth Elements" (MaRGEE). MaRGEE includes tools to simplify, translate, and rotate elements, add intermediate steps to a transposition, and batch process multiple transpositions. The transposition algorithm uses spherical geometry calculations, such as the haversine formula, to accurately reposition groups of points, paths, and polygons on the Google Earth globe without distortion. Due to the imminent deprecation of the Google Earth API and browser plugin, MaRGEE uses a Google Maps interface to facilitate and illustrate the transpositions. However, the inherent spatial distortions that result from the Google Maps Web Mercator projection are not apparent once the transposed elements are saved as a KML file and opened in Google Earth. Potential applications of the MaRGEE toolkit include tectonic reconstructions, the movements of glaciers or thrust sheets, and time-based animations of other large- and small-scale geologic processes.

STS-56 ESC Earth observation of New York City at night

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1993-01-01

STS-56 electronic still camera (ESC) Earth observation image shows New York City at night as recorded on the 64th orbit of Discovery, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 103. The image was recorded with an image intensifier on the Hand-held, Earth-oriented, Real-time, Cooperative, User-friendly, Location-targeting and Environmental System (HERCULES). HERCULES is a device that makes it simple for shuttle crewmembers to take pictures of Earth as they merely point a modified 35mm camera and shoot any interesting feature, whose latitude and longitude are automatically determined in real-time. Center coordinates on this image are 40.665 degrees north latitude and 74.048 degrees west longitude. (1/60 second exposure). Digital file name is ESC04034.IMG.

JPL-20180430-GRACFOf-0001-Twin Satellites to Weigh in on Earths Changing Water

NASA Image and Video Library

2018-04-30

GRACE Follow-On (GRACE-FO), successor to the 15-year GRACE mission (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment), will map the mass of water as it moves around Earth from month to month and measure the changing amount of water in the atmosphere. This is a video file.

Dust Plume off the Coast of Egypt

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2007-01-01

Dwarfing the Nile, a river of dust flowed out of the deserts of northern Egypt on May 19, 2007. As the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASA's Terra satellite passed overhead at 12:05 p.m. local time in Cairo, the sensor captured this image of the dust spreading northward over the Mediterranean Sea from the sandy deserts that span the country. At the margins of the plume, ribbons and ripples of dust are translucent, allowing a glimpse of the desert and water beneath, but in the center, the cloud is opaque, revealing nothing of the surface below. The part of north-central Egypt hidden by the dust plume is the Qattara Depression, the country's lowest point. Dipping down to 133 meters below sea level (436 feet), the depression is home to sandy deserts and dry lake beds that occasionally flood. The sand and fine, lake bed sediments are easily lofted into the air by strong winds that scour the area in late winter and early spring. In the eastern (right-hand) part of the image, the Nile River is lined by narrow ribbons of dull green vegetation. The fan-shaped delta is dotted with tan-colored spots, marking the location of cities and towns. The Nile Valley and Delta make up only a small fraction of the country's total land area, yet they support almost the entire population. The large image provided above has a spatial resolution (level of detail) of 250 meters per pixel. The MODIS Rapid Response Team provides this image in additional resolutions. The Earth Observatory also provides a 250-meter-resolution KMZ file of this image for use with Google Earth.

NASA's Kepler Reveals Potential New Worlds - Raw Video New File

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-06-19

This is a video file, or a collection of unedited video clips for media usage, in support of the Kepler mission's latest discovery announcement. Launched in 2009, the Kepler space telescope is our first mission capable of identifying Earth-size planets around other stars. On Monday, June 19, 2017, scientists announced the results from the latest Kepler candidate catalog of the mission at a press conference at NASA's Ames Research Center.

Accessing files in an Internet: The Jade file system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Peterson, Larry L.; Rao, Herman C.

1991-01-01

Jade is a new distribution file system that provides a uniform way to name and access files in an internet environment. It makes two important contributions. First, Jade is a logical system that integrates a heterogeneous collection of existing file systems, where heterogeneous means that the underlying file systems support different file access protocols. Jade is designed under the restriction that the underlying file system may not be modified. Second, rather than providing a global name space, Jade permits each user to define a private name space. These private name spaces support two novel features: they allow multiple file systems to be mounted under one directory, and they allow one logical name space to mount other logical name spaces. A prototype of the Jade File System was implemented on Sun Workstations running Unix. It consists of interfaces to the Unix file system, the Sun Network File System, the Andrew File System, and FTP. This paper motivates Jade's design, highlights several aspects of its implementation, and illustrates applications that can take advantage of its features.

Accessing files in an internet - The Jade file system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rao, Herman C.; Peterson, Larry L.

1993-01-01

Jade is a new distribution file system that provides a uniform way to name and access files in an internet environment. It makes two important contributions. First, Jade is a logical system that integrates a heterogeneous collection of existing file systems, where heterogeneous means that the underlying file systems support different file access protocols. Jade is designed under the restriction that the underlying file system may not be modified. Second, rather than providing a global name space, Jade permits each user to define a private name space. These private name spaces support two novel features: they allow multiple file systems to be mounted under one directory, and they allow one logical name space to mount other logical name spaces. A prototype of the Jade File System was implemented on Sun Workstations running Unix. It consists of interfaces to the Unix file system, the Sun Network File System, the Andrew File System, and FTP. This paper motivates Jade's design, highlights several aspects of its implementation, and illustrates applications that can take advantage of its features.

Benchmark Comparison of Cloud Analytics Methods Applied to Earth Observations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lynnes, C.; Little, M. M.; Huang, T.; Jacob, J. C.; Yang, C. P.; Kuo, K. S.

2016-12-01

Cloud computing has the potential to bring high performance computing capabilities to the average science researcher. However, in order to take full advantage of cloud capabilities, the science data used in the analysis must often be reorganized. This typically involves sharding the data across multiple nodes to enable relatively fine-grained parallelism. This can be either via cloud-based filesystems or cloud-enabled databases such as Cassandra, Rasdaman or SciDB. Since storing an extra copy of data leads to increased cost and data management complexity, NASA is interested in determining the benefits and costs of various cloud analytics methods for real Earth Observation cases. Accordingly, NASA's Earth Science Technology Office and Earth Science Data and Information Systems project have teamed with cloud analytics practitioners to run a benchmark comparison on cloud analytics methods using the same input data and analysis algorithms. We have particularly looked at analysis algorithms that work over long time series, because these are particularly intractable for many Earth Observation datasets which typically store data with one or just a few time steps per file. This post will present side-by-side cost and performance results for several common Earth observation analysis operations.

SciDB versus Spark: A Preliminary Comparison Based on an Earth Science Use Case

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Clune, T.; Kuo, K. S.; Doan, K.; Oloso, A.

2015-12-01

We compare two Big Data technologies, SciDB and Spark, for performance, usability, and extensibility, when applied to a representative Earth science use case. SciDB is a new-generation parallel distributed database management system (DBMS) based on the array data model that is capable of handling multidimensional arrays efficiently but requires lengthy data ingest prior to analysis, whereas Spark is a fast and general engine for large scale data processing that can immediately process raw data files and thereby avoid the ingest process. Once data have been ingested, SciDB is very efficient in database operations such as subsetting. Spark, on the other hand, provides greater flexibility by supporting a wide variety of high-level tools including DBMS's. For the performance aspect of this preliminary comparison, we configure Spark to operate directly on text or binary data files and thereby limit the need for additional tools. Arguably, a more appropriate comparison would involve exploring other configurations of Spark which exploit supported high-level tools, but that is beyond our current resources. To make the comparison as "fair" as possible, we export the arrays produced by SciDB into text files (or converting them to binary files) for the intake by Spark and thereby avoid any additional file processing penalties. The Earth science use case selected for this comparison is the identification and tracking of snowstorms in the NASA Modern Era Retrospective-analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) reanalysis data. The identification portion of the use case is to flag all grid cells of the MERRA high-resolution hourly data that satisfies our criteria for snowstorm, whereas the tracking portion connects flagged cells adjacent in time and space to form a snowstorm episode. We will report the results of our comparisons at this presentation.

Publications of the Western Earth Surface Processes Team 2000

USGS Publications Warehouse

Powell, Charles L.; Stone, Paul

2001-01-01

The Western Earth Surface Processes Team (WESP) of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducts geologic mapping and related topical earth science studies in the western United States. This work is focused on areas where modern geologic maps and associated earth-science data are needed to address key societal and environmental issues such as ground-water quality, potential geologic hazards, and land-use decisions. Areas of primary emphasis in 2000 included southern California, the San Francisco Bay region, the Pacific Northwest, the Las Vegas urban corridor, and selected National Park lands. The team has its headquarters in Menlo Park, California, and maintains smaller field offices at several other locations in the western United States. The results of research conducted by the WESPT are released to the public as a variety of databases, maps, text reports, and abstracts, both through the internal publication system of the USGS and in diverse external publications such as scientific journals and books. This report lists publications of the WESPT released in 2000 as well as additional 1999 publications that were not included in the previous list (USGS Open-file Report 00-215). Most of the publications listed were authored or coauthored by WESPT staff. The list also includes some publications authored by non-USGS cooperators with the WESPT, as well as some authored by USGS staff outside the WESPT in cooperation with WESPT projects. Several of the publications listed are available on the World Wide Web; for these, URL addresses are provided. Many of these Web publications are USGS open-file reports that contain large digital databases of geologic map and related information.

Digital Archive Issues from the Perspective of an Earth Science Data Producer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Barkstrom, Bruce R.

2004-01-01

Contents include the following: Introduction. A Producer Perspective on Earth Science Data. Data Producers as Members of a Scientific Community. Some Unique Characteristics of Scientific Data. Spatial and Temporal Sampling for Earth (or Space) Science Data. The Influence of the Data Production System Architecture. The Spatial and Temporal Structures Underlying Earth Science Data. Earth Science Data File (or Relation) Schemas. Data Producer Configuration Management Complexities. The Topology of Earth Science Data Inventories. Some Thoughts on the User Perspective. Science Data User Communities. Spatial and Temporal Structure Needs of Different Users. User Spatial Objects. Data Search Services. Inventory Search. Parameter (Keyword) Search. Metadata Searches. Documentation Search. Secondary Index Search. Print Technology and Hypertext. Inter-Data Collection Configuration Management Issues. An Archive View. Producer Data Ingest and Production. User Data Searching and Distribution. Subsetting and Supersetting. Semantic Requirements for Data Interchange. Tentative Conclusions. An Object Oriented View of Archive Information Evolution. Scientific Data Archival Issues. A Perspective on the Future of Digital Archives for Scientific Data. References Index for this paper.

The Role and Evolution of NASA's Earth Science Data Systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ramapriyan, H. K.

2015-01-01

One of the three strategic goals of NASA is to Advance understanding of Earth and develop technologies to improve the quality of life on our home planet (NASA strategic plan 2014). NASA's Earth Science Data System (ESDS) Program directly supports this goal. NASA has been launching satellites for civilian Earth observations for over 40 years, and collecting data from various types of instruments. Especially since 1990, with the start of the Earth Observing System (EOS) Program, which was a part of the Mission to Planet Earth, the observations have been significantly more extensive in their volumes, variety and velocity. Frequent, global observations are made in support of Earth system science. An open data policy has been in effect since 1990, with no period of exclusive access and non-discriminatory access to data, free of charge. NASA currently holds nearly 10 petabytes of Earth science data including satellite, air-borne, and ground-based measurements and derived geophysical parameter products in digital form. Millions of users around the world are using NASA data for Earth science research and applications. In 2014, over a billion data files were downloaded by users from NASAs EOS Data and Information System (EOSDIS), a system with 12 Distributed Active Archive Centers (DAACs) across the U. S. As a core component of the ESDS Program, EOSDIS has been operating since 1994, and has been evolving continuously with advances in information technology. The ESDS Program influences as well as benefits from advances in Earth Science Informatics. The presentation will provide an overview of the role and evolution of NASAs ESDS Program.

[Establishment of Oncomelania hupensis snail database based on smartphone and Google Earth].

PubMed

Wang, Wei-chun; Zhan, Ti; Zhu, Ying-fu

2015-02-01

To establish an Oncomelania hupensis snail database based on smartphone and Google Earth. The HEAD GPS software was loaded in the smartphone first. The GPS data of the snails were collected by the smartphone. The original data were exported to the computer with the format of KMIUKMZ. Then the data were converted into Excel file format by using some software. Finally, the results based on laboratory were filled, and the digital snail data were established. The data were converted into KML, and then were showed by Google Earth visually. The snail data of a 5 hm2-beach along the Yangtze River were collected and the distribution of the snails based on Google Earth was obtained. The database of the snails was built. The query function was implemented about the number of the total snails, the living snails and the schistosome infected snails of each survey frame. The digital management of the snail data is realized by using the smartphone and Google Earth.

Online Visualization and Analysis of Merged Global Geostationary Satellite Infrared Dataset

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Liu, Zhong; Ostrenga, D.; Leptoukh, G.; Mehta, A.

2008-01-01

The NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data Information Services Center (GES DISC) is home of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) data archive. The global merged IR product also known as the NCEP/CPC 4-km Global (60 degrees N - 60 degrees S) IR Dataset, is one of TRMM ancillary datasets. They are globally merged (60 degrees N - 60 degrees S) pixel-resolution (4 km) IR brightness temperature data (equivalent blackbody temperatures), merged from all available geostationary satellites (GOES-8/10, METEOSAT-7/5 and GMS). The availability of data from METEOSAT-5, which is located at 63E at the present time, yields a unique opportunity for total global (60 degrees N- 60 degrees S) coverage. The GES DISC has collected over 8 years of the data beginning from February of 2000. This high temporal resolution dataset can not only provide additional background information to TRMM and other satellite missions, but also allow observing a wide range of meteorological phenomena from space, such as, mesoscale convection systems, tropical cyclones, hurricanes, etc. The dataset can also be used to verify model simulations. Despite that the data can be downloaded via ftp, however, its large volume poses a challenge for many users. A single file occupies about 70 MB disk space and there is a total of approximately 73,000 files (approximately 4.5 TB) for the past 8 years. In order to facilitate data access, we have developed a web prototype to allow users to conduct online visualization and analysis of this dataset. With a web browser and few mouse clicks, users can have a full access to over 8 year and over 4.5 TB data and generate black and white IR imagery and animation without downloading any software and data. In short, you can make your own images! Basic functions include selection of area of interest, single imagery or animation, a time skip capability for different temporal resolution and image size. Users can save an animation as a file (animated gif) and import it in other

A Java-based tool for creating KML files from GPS waypoints

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kinnicutt, P. G.; Rivard, C.; Rimer, S.

2008-12-01

Google Earth provides a free tool with powerful capabilities for visualizing geoscience images and data. Commercial software tools exist for doing sophisticated digitizing and spatial modeling , but for the purposes of presentation, visualization and overlaying aerial images with data Google Earth provides much of the functionality. Likewise, with current technologies in GPS (Global Positioning System) systems and with Google Earth Plus, it is possible to upload GPS waypoints, tracks and routes directly into Google Earth for visualization. However, older technology GPS units and even low-cost GPS units found today may lack the necessary communications interface to a computer (e.g. no Bluetooth, no WiFi, no USB, no Serial, etc.) or may have an incompatible interface, such as a Serial port but no USB adapter available. In such cases, any waypoints, tracks and routes saved in the GPS unit or recorded in a field notebook must be manually transferred to a computer for use in a GIS system or other program. This presentation describes a Java-based tool developed by the author which enables users to enter GPS coordinates in a user-friendly manner, then save these coordinates in a Keyhole MarkUp Language (KML) file format, for visualization in Google Earth. This tool either accepts user-interactive input or accepts input from a CSV (Comma Separated Value) file, which can be generated from any spreadsheet program. This tool accepts input in the form of lat/long or UTM (Universal Transverse Mercator) coordinates. This presentation describes this system's applicability through several small case studies. This free and lightweight tool simplifies the task of manually inputting GPS data into Google Earth for people working in the field without an automated mechanism for uploading the data; for instance, the user may not have internet connectivity or may not have the proper hardware or software. Since it is a Java application and not a web- based tool, it can be installed on one

A Low Earth Orbit satellite marine communication system demonstration

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Elms, T. Keith; Butt, Kenneth A.; Asmus, Ken W.

1995-01-01

An application of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite communications technology was investigated during a joint Canadian/American scientific expedition to the north pole in the summer of 1994. The Canadian ice breaker involved, was equipped with a store-and-forward LEO satellite terminal which was linked to a ground station in St. John's, Newfoundland, via the near-polar-orbiting satellite, HealthSat-l. The objective was to evaluate the performance of such a system while providing an alternate means of communications in the far north. The system performed well, given its inherent limitations. All 151 attempts to send data files to the ship were successful. Only two (2) of the 35 attempts to send files from the ship were unsuccessful. The files ranged in size from 0.1 to 60 Kbytes. In the high arctic, above 80 deg north, this system often provided the only practical means of data communications. This experiment demonstrated the potential of such a system for not-real-time communications with remote and/or mobile stations, and highlighted the many issues involved. This paper describes the project objectives, system configuration and experimental procedure used, related technical issues, trial results, future work, and conclusions.

Getting Your GIS Data into Google Earth: Data Conversion Tools and Tips

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nurik, R.; Marks, M.

2009-12-01

Google Earth is a powerful platform for displaying your data. You can easily visualize content using the Keyhole Markup Language (KML). But what if you don't have your data in KML format? GIS data comes in a wide variety of formats, including .shp files, CSV, and many others. What can you do? This session will walk you through some of the tools for converting data to KML format. We will explore a variety of tools, including: Google Earth Pro, GDAL/OGR, KML2KML, etc. This session will be paced so that you can follow along on your laptop if you wish. Should you want to follow along, bring a laptop, and install the trial versions of Google Earth Pro and KML2KML. It is also recommended that you download GDAL from gdal.org and install it on your system.

Regional early flood warning system: design and implementation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chang, L. C.; Yang, S. N.; Kuo, C. L.; Wang, Y. F.

2017-12-01

This study proposes a prototype of the regional early flood inundation warning system in Tainan City, Taiwan. The AI technology is used to forecast multi-step-ahead regional flood inundation maps during storm events. The computing time is only few seconds that leads to real-time regional flood inundation forecasting. A database is built to organize data and information for building real-time forecasting models, maintaining the relations of forecasted points, and displaying forecasted results, while real-time data acquisition is another key task where the model requires immediately accessing rain gauge information to provide forecast services. All programs related database are constructed in Microsoft SQL Server by using Visual C# to extracting real-time hydrological data, managing data, storing the forecasted data and providing the information to the visual map-based display. The regional early flood inundation warning system use the up-to-date Web technologies driven by the database and real-time data acquisition to display the on-line forecasting flood inundation depths in the study area. The friendly interface includes on-line sequentially showing inundation area by Google Map, maximum inundation depth and its location, and providing KMZ file download of the results which can be watched on Google Earth. The developed system can provide all the relevant information and on-line forecast results that helps city authorities to make decisions during typhoon events and make actions to mitigate the losses.

29 CFR 4007.3 - Filing requirement; method of filing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 9 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Filing requirement; method of filing. 4007.3 Section 4007.3... PREMIUMS § 4007.3 Filing requirement; method of filing. (a) In general. The estimation, determination... Web site (http://www.pbgc.gov). Subject to the provisions of § 4007.13, the plan administrator of each...

DSSTOX MASTER STRUCTURE-INDEX FILE: SDF FILE AND ...

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The DSSTox Master Structure-Index File serves to consolidate, manage, and ensure quality and uniformity of the chemical and substance information spanning all DSSTox Structure Data Files, including those in development but not yet published separately on this website. The DSSTox Master Structure-Index File serves to consolidate, manage, and ensure quality and uniformity of the chemical and substance information spanning all DSSTox Structure Data Files, including those in development but not yet published separately on this website.

Please Move Inactive Files Off the /projects File System | High-Performance

Science.gov Websites

Computing | NREL Please Move Inactive Files Off the /projects File System Please Move Inactive Files Off the /projects File System January 11, 2018 The /projects file system is a shared resource . This year this has created a space crunch - the file system is now about 90% full and we need your help

The Seamount Catalog in EarthRef.org

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gotberg, N. K.; Koppers, A. A.; Staudigel, H.; Perez, J.

2004-12-01

Seamounts are important to research and education in many scientific fields, providing a wide range of data on physical, chemical, biological and geological processes. In order to make a diverse set of seamount data accessible we have developed the Seamount Catalog in EarthRef.org, available through the http://earthref.org/databases/SC/. The primary goal of the Seamount Catalog is to provide access to digital data files on a large assortment of interdisciplinary seamount research. The catalog can be searched at a variety of ability or expert levels allowing it to be used from basic education to advanced research. Each seamount is described in terms of its location, height, volume, elongation, azimuth, irregularity, rifts, morphological classification and relation to other features. GEBCO (General Bathymetric Chart of the Ocean) gazetteer data (2002; 2003) is included in the database in order to provide information on the history, discovery and names of the seamounts. Screen-optimized bathymetry maps, grid files and the original multibeam data files are available for online viewing with higher resolution downloadable versions (AI, PS, PDF) also offered. The data files for each seamount include a map made from the multibeam data only, a map made from Smith and Sandwell's (1996) predicted bathymetry, a merged map incorporating both data sets, and a map showing the differences between the two data sets. We are working towards expanding the Seamount Catalog by integrating bathymetry data from various sources, developing and linking disciplinary reference models, and integrating information from multiple disciplines and from the literature. We hope to create a data integrative environment that provides access to seamount data and the tools needed for working with that data.

77 FR 2974 - Longview Energy Exchange, LLC; Notice of Preliminary Permit Application Accepted for Filing and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-20

... system; (2) a single lower reservoir dam constructed of earth fill materials with an internal dam drainage system; (3) concrete inlet-outlet structures at both upper reservoirs equipped with trash racks..., using the eComment system at http://www.ferc.gov/docs-filing/ecomment.asp . You must include your name...

77 FR 58375 - Inglis Hydropower, LLC; Notice of Preliminary Permit Application Accepted for Filing and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-20

... consist of the following: (1) An existing 32-foot-high, 3500-foot-long earth filled dam; (2) a reservoir... bypass channel; (4) a 65-foot-wide, 35- foot-long intake structure with a trash rack cleaning system; (5... system at http://www.ferc.gov/docs-filing/ecomment.asp . You must include your name and contact...

3D Orbit Visualization for Earth-Observing Missions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jacob, Joseph C.; Plesea, Lucian; Chafin, Brian G.; Weiss, Barry H.

2011-01-01

This software visualizes orbit paths for the Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO), but was designed to be general and applicable to any Earth-observing mission. The software uses the Google Earth user interface to provide a visual mechanism to explore spacecraft orbit paths, ground footprint locations, and local cloud cover conditions. In addition, a drill-down capability allows for users to point and click on a particular observation frame to pop up ancillary information such as data product filenames and directory paths, latitude, longitude, time stamp, column-average dry air mole fraction of carbon dioxide, and solar zenith angle. This software can be integrated with the ground data system for any Earth-observing mission to automatically generate daily orbit path data products in Google Earth KML format. These KML data products can be directly loaded into the Google Earth application for interactive 3D visualization of the orbit paths for each mission day. Each time the application runs, the daily orbit paths are encapsulated in a KML file for each mission day since the last time the application ran. Alternatively, the daily KML for a specified mission day may be generated. The application automatically extracts the spacecraft position and ground footprint geometry as a function of time from a daily Level 1B data product created and archived by the mission s ground data system software. In addition, ancillary data, such as the column-averaged dry air mole fraction of carbon dioxide and solar zenith angle, are automatically extracted from a Level 2 mission data product. Zoom, pan, and rotate capability are provided through the standard Google Earth interface. Cloud cover is indicated with an image layer from the MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) aboard the Aqua satellite, which is automatically retrieved from JPL s OnEarth Web service.

Storage of sparse files using parallel log-structured file system

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bent, John M.; Faibish, Sorin; Grider, Gary

A sparse file is stored without holes by storing a data portion of the sparse file using a parallel log-structured file system; and generating an index entry for the data portion, the index entry comprising a logical offset, physical offset and length of the data portion. The holes can be restored to the sparse file upon a reading of the sparse file. The data portion can be stored at a logical end of the sparse file. Additional storage efficiency can optionally be achieved by (i) detecting a write pattern for a plurality of the data portions and generating a singlemore » patterned index entry for the plurality of the patterned data portions; and/or (ii) storing the patterned index entries for a plurality of the sparse files in a single directory, wherein each entry in the single directory comprises an identifier of a corresponding sparse file.« less

Interactive Volcano Studies and Education Using Virtual Globes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dehn, J.; Bailey, J. E.; Webley, P.

2006-12-01

Internet-based virtual globe programs such as Google Earth provide a spatial context for visualization of monitoring and geophysical data sets. At the Alaska Volcano Observatory, Google Earth is being used to integrate satellite imagery, modeling of volcanic eruption clouds and seismic data sets to build new monitoring and reporting tools. However, one of the most useful information sources for environmental monitoring is under utilized. Local populations, who have lived near volcanoes for decades are perhaps one of the best gauges for changes in activity. Much of the history of the volcanoes is only recorded through local legend. By utilizing the high level of internet connectivity in Alaska, and the interest of secondary education in environmental science and monitoring, it is proposed to build a network of observation nodes around local schools in Alaska and along the Aleutian Chain. A series of interactive web pages with observations on a volcano's condition, be it glow at night, puffs of ash, discolored snow, earthquakes, sounds, and even current weather conditions can be recorded, and the users will be able to see their reports in near real time. The database will create a KMZ file on the fly for upload into the virtual globe software. Past observations and legends could be entered to help put a volcano's long-term activity in perspective. Beyond the benefit to researchers and emergency managers, students and teachers in the rural areas will be involved in volcano monitoring, and gain an understanding of the processes and hazard mitigation efforts in their community. K-12 students will be exposed to the science, and encouraged to participate in projects at the university. Infrastructure at the university can be used by local teachers to augment their science programs, hopefully encouraging students to continue their education at the university level.

The use of Web-based GIS data technologies in the construction of geoscience instructional materials: examples from the MARGINS Data in the Classroom project

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ryan, J. G.; McIlrath, J. A.

2008-12-01

Web-accessible geospatial information system (GIS) technologies have advanced in concert with an expansion of data resources that can be accessed and used by researchers, educators and students. These resources facilitate the development of data-rich instructional resources and activities that can be used to transition seamlessly into undergraduate research projects. MARGINS Data in the Classroom (http://serc.carleton.edu/ margins/index.html) seeks to engage MARGINS researchers and educators in using the images, datasets, and visualizations produced by NSF-MARGINS Program-funded research and related efforts to create Web-deliverable instructional materials for use in undergraduate-level geoscience courses (MARGINS Mini-Lessons). MARGINS science data is managed by the Marine Geosciences Data System (MGDS), and these and all other MGDS-hosted data can be accessed, manipulated and visualized using GeoMapApp (www.geomapapp.org; Carbotte et al, 2004), a freely available geographic information system focused on the marine environment. Both "packaged" MGDS datasets (i.e., global earthquake foci, volcanoes, bathymetry) and "raw" data (seismic surveys, magnetics, gravity) are accessible via GeoMapApp, with WFS linkages to other resources (geodesy from UNAVCO; seismic profiles from IRIS; geochemical and drillsite data from EarthChem, IODP, and others), permitting the comprehensive characterization of many regions of the ocean basins. Geospatially controlled datasets can be imported into GeoMapApp visualizations, and these visualizations can be exported into Google Earth as .kmz image files. Many of the MARGINS Mini-Lessons thus far produced use (or have studentss use the varied capabilities of GeoMapApp (i.e., constructing topographic profiles, overlaying varied geophysical and bathymetric datasets, characterizing geochemical data). These materials are available for use and testing from the project webpage (http://serc.carleton.edu/margins/). Classroom testing and assessment

49 CFR 564.5 - Information filing; agency processing of filings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Information filing; agency processing of filings... HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION REPLACEABLE LIGHT SOURCE INFORMATION (Eff. until 12-01-12) § 564.5 Information filing; agency processing of filings. (a) Each manufacturer...

75 FR 22123 - East Texas Electric Cooperative, Inc.; Notice of Application Accepted for Filing, Soliciting...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-27

..., Texas. The project would not occupy any federal lands. g. Filed Pursuant to: Federal Power Act, 16 U.S.C... facilities: (1) The Trinity River Authority's (TRA) existing 14,400- foot-long (approximate) Lake Livingston dam, which has a crest elevation of 145.0 feet mean sea level (msl) and consists of (a) a basic earth...

The Chandra Source Catalog : Google Earth Interface

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Glotfelty, Kenny; McLaughlin, W.; Evans, I.; Evans, J.; Anderson, C. S.; Bonaventura, N. R.; Davis, J. E.; Doe, S. M.; Fabbiano, G.; Galle, E. C.; Gibbs, D. G., II; Grier, J. D.; Hain, R.; Hall, D. M.; Harbo, P. N.; He, H.; Houck, J. C.; Karovska, M.; Kashyap, V. L.; Lauer, J.; McCollough, M. L.; McDowell, J. C.; Miller, J. B.; Mitschang, A. W.; Morgan, D. L.; Mossman, A. E.; Nichols, J. S.; Nowak, M. A.; Plummer, D. A.; Primini, F. A.; Refsdal, B. L.; Rots, A. R.; Siemiginowska, A. L.; Sundheim, B. A.; Tibbetts, M. S.; van Stone, D. W.; Winkelman, S. L.; Zografou, P.

2009-09-01

The Chandra Source Catalog (CSC) contains multi-resolution, exposure corrected, background subtracted, full-field images that are stored as individual FITS files and as three-color JPEG files. In this poster we discuss how we took these data and were able to, with relatively minimal effort, convert them for use with the Google Earth application in its ``Sky'' mode. We will highlight some of the challenges which include converting the data to the required Mercator projection, reworking the 3-color algorithm for pipeline processing, and ways to reduce the data volume through re-binning, using color-maps, and special Keyhole Markup Language (kml) tags to only load images on-demand. The result is a collection of some 11,000 3-color images that are available for all the individual observation in the CSC Release 1. We also have made available all ˜4000 Field-of-View outlines (with per-chip regions), which turns out are trivial to produce starting with a simple dmlist command. In the first week of release, approximately 40% of the images have been accessed at least once through some 50,000 individual web hits which have served over 4Gb of data to roughly 750 users in 60+ countries. We will also highlight some future directions we are exploring, including real-time catalog access to individual source properties and eventual access to file based products such as FITS images, spectra, and light-curves.

Publications of the Western Earth Surfaces Processes Team 2005

USGS Publications Warehouse

Powell, Charles; Stone, Paul

2007-01-01

Introduction The Western Earth Surface Processes Team (WESPT) of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducts geologic mapping, earth-surface process investigations, and related topical earth science studies in the western United States. This work is focused on areas where modern geologic maps and associated earth-science data are needed to address key societal and environmental issues such as ground-water quality, landslides and other potential geologic hazards, and land-use decisions. Areas of primary emphasis in 2005 included southern California, the San Francisco Bay region, the Mojave Desert, the Colorado Plateau region of northern Arizona, and the Pacific Northwest. The team has its headquarters in Menlo Park, California, and maintains smaller field offices at several other locations in the western United States. The results of research conducted by the WESPT are released to the public as a variety of databases, maps, text reports, and abstracts, both through the internal publication system of the USGS and in diverse external publications such as scientific journals and books. This report lists publications of the WESPT released in 2005 as well as additional 2002, 2003, and 2004 publications that were not included in the previous lists (USGS Open-File Reports 03-363, 2004- 1267, 2005-1362). Most of the publications listed were authored or coauthored by WESPT staff. The list also includes some publications authored by non-USGS cooperators with the WESPT, as well as some authored by USGS staff outside the WESPT in cooperation with WESPT projects. Several of the publications listed are available on the World Wide Web; for these, URL addresses are provided. Many of these web publications are USGS Open-File reports that contain large digital databases of geologic map and related information. Information on ordering USGS publications can be found on the World Wide Web at http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod/, or by calling 1-888-ASK-USGS. The U.S. Geological Survey's web

76 FR 70720 - KC LLC; Notice of Preliminary Permit Application Accepted for Filing and Soliciting Comments...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-15

... consist of (1) the existing Los Angeles Department of Water and Power Tinemaha reservoir earth fill dam... electronically via the Internet. See 18 CFR 385.2001(a)(1)(iii) and the instructions on the Commission's Web site... Commission's Web site at http://www.ferc.gov/docs-filing/elibrary.asp . Enter the docket number (P-14303-000...

78 FR 17394 - Filing via the Internet; Electronic Tariff Filings; Revisions to Electric Quarterly Report Filing...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-21

... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission [Docket Nos. RM07-16-000; RM01-5-000; RM12-3-000] Filing via the Internet; Electronic Tariff Filings; Revisions to Electric Quarterly Report Filing Process; Notice of Technical Conference Take notice that on April 16, 2013, the staff of the...

Registered File Support for Critical Operations Files at (Space Infrared Telescope Facility) SIRTF

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Turek, G.; Handley, Tom; Jacobson, J.; Rector, J.

2001-01-01

The SIRTF Science Center's (SSC) Science Operations System (SOS) has to contend with nearly one hundred critical operations files via comprehensive file management services. The management is accomplished via the registered file system (otherwise known as TFS) which manages these files in a registered file repository composed of a virtual file system accessible via a TFS server and a file registration database. The TFS server provides controlled, reliable, and secure file transfer and storage by registering all file transactions and meta-data in the file registration database. An API is provided for application programs to communicate with TFS servers and the repository. A command line client implementing this API has been developed as a client tool. This paper describes the architecture, current implementation, but more importantly, the evolution of these services based on evolving community use cases and emerging information system technology.

Highway Safety Information System guidebook for the Minnesota state data files. Volume 1 : SAS file formats

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2001-02-01

The Minnesota data system includes the following basic files: Accident data (Accident File, Vehicle File, Occupant File); Roadlog File; Reference Post File; Traffic File; Intersection File; Bridge (Structures) File; and RR Grade Crossing File. For ea...

Storing files in a parallel computing system using list-based index to identify replica files

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Faibish, Sorin; Bent, John M.; Tzelnic, Percy

Improved techniques are provided for storing files in a parallel computing system using a list-based index to identify file replicas. A file and at least one replica of the file are stored in one or more storage nodes of the parallel computing system. An index for the file comprises at least one list comprising a pointer to a storage location of the file and a storage location of the at least one replica of the file. The file comprises one or more of a complete file and one or more sub-files. The index may also comprise a checksum value formore » one or more of the file and the replica(s) of the file. The checksum value can be evaluated to validate the file and/or the file replica(s). A query can be processed using the list.« less

43 CFR 4.1362 - Where to file; when to file.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... APPEALS PROCEDURES Special Rules Applicable to Surface Coal Mining Hearings and Appeals Request for Review... Transfer, Assignment Or Sale of Rights Granted Under Permit (federal Program; Federal Lands Program... file; when to file. (a) The request for review shall be filed with the Hearings Division, Office of...

PCF File Format.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Thoreson, Gregory G

PCF files are binary files designed to contain gamma spectra and neutron count rates from radiation sensors. It is the native format for the GAmma Detector Response and Analysis Software (GADRAS) package [1]. It can contain multiple spectra and information about each spectrum such as energy calibration. This document outlines the format of the file that would allow one to write a computer program to parse and write such files.

PDBToSDF: Create ligand structure files from PDB file.

PubMed

Muppalaneni, Naresh Babu; Rao, Allam Appa

2011-01-01

Protein Data Bank (PDB) file contains atomic data for protein and ligand in protein-ligand complexes. Structure data file (SDF) contains data for atoms, bonds, connectivity and coordinates of molecule for ligands. We describe PDBToSDF as a tool to separate the ligand data from pdb file for the calculation of ligand properties like molecular weight, number of hydrogen bond acceptors, hydrogen bond receptors easily.

Files in /noaa/dhs

Science.gov Websites

noaa_20110510_wbg.gif 10-May-2011 20:58 31K generic file noaa_20110510_wbg.pdf 10-May-2011 20:58 128K generic file noaa_20110513_wbg.gif 13-May-2011 20:10 27K generic file noaa_20110513_wbg.pdf 13-May-2011 20:10 122K generic file noaa_20110518_wbg.gif 18-May-2011 21:10 33K generic file noaa_20110518_wbg.pdf 18-May-2011 21:10 128K generic file

Landforms in Lidar: Building a Catalog of Digital Landforms for Education and Outreach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kleber, E.; Crosby, C.; Olds, S. E.; Arrowsmith, R.

2012-12-01

Lidar (Light Detection and Ranging) has emerged as a fundamental tool in the earth sciences. The collection of high-resolution lidar topography from an airborne or terrestrial platform allows landscapes and landforms to be spatially represented in at sub-meter resolution and in three dimensions. While the growing availability of lidar has led to numerous new scientific findings, these data also have tremendous value for earth science education. The study of landforms is an essential and basic element of earth science education that helps students to grasp fundamental earth system processes and how they manifest themselves in the world around us. Historically students are introduced to landforms and related processes through diagrams and images seen in earth science textbooks. Lidar data, coupled with free tools such as Google Earth, provide a means to allow students and the interested public to visualize, explore, and interrogate these same landforms in an interactive manner not possible in two-dimensional remotely sensed imagery. The NSF-funded OpenTopography facility hosts data collected for geologic, hydrologic, and biological research, covering a diverse range of landscapes, and thus provides a wealth of data that could be incorporated into educational materials. OpenTopography, in collaboration with UNAVCO, are developing a catalog of classic geologic landforms depicted in lidar. Beginning with textbook-examples of features such as faults and tectonic landforms, dunes, fluvial and glacial geomorphology, and natural hazards such as landslides and volcanoes, the catalog will be an online resource for educators and the interested public. Initially, the landforms will be sourced from pre-existing datasets hosted by OpenTopography. Users will see an image representative of the landform then have the option to download the data in Google Earth KMZ format, as a digital elevation model, or the original lidar point cloud file. By providing the landform in a range of

Text File Comparator

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kotler, R. S.

1983-01-01

File Comparator program IFCOMP, is text file comparator for IBM OS/VScompatable systems. IFCOMP accepts as input two text files and produces listing of differences in pseudo-update form. IFCOMP is very useful in monitoring changes made to software at the source code level.

An interactive environment for the analysis of large Earth observation and model data sets

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bowman, Kenneth P.; Walsh, John E.; Wilhelmson, Robert B.

1994-01-01

Envision is an interactive environment that provides researchers in the earth sciences convenient ways to manage, browse, and visualize large observed or model data sets. Its main features are support for the netCDF and HDF file formats, an easy to use X/Motif user interface, a client-server configuration, and portability to many UNIX workstations. The Envision package also provides new ways to view and change metadata in a set of data files. It permits a scientist to conveniently and efficiently manage large data sets consisting of many data files. It also provides links to popular visualization tools so that data can be quickly browsed. Envision is a public domain package, freely available to the scientific community. Envision software (binaries and source code) and documentation can be obtained from either of these servers: ftp://vista.atmos.uiuc.edu/pub/envision/ and ftp://csrp.tamu.edu/pub/envision/. Detailed descriptions of Envision capabilities and operations can be found in the User's Guide and Reference Manuals distributed with Envision software.

Designing the Social Context for Easier Verification, Validation, and Uncertainty Quantification of Earth Science Data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Barkstrom, B. R.; Loeb, N. G.; Wielicki, B. A.

2017-12-01

Verification, Validation, and Uncertainty Quantification (VVUQ) are key actions that support conclusions based on Earth science data. Communities of data producers and users must undertake VVUQ when they create and use their data. The strategies [S] and tools [T] suggested below come from successful use on two large NASA projects. The first was the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE). The second is the investigation of Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES). [S] 1. Partition the production system into subsystems that deal with data transformations confined to limited space and time scales. Simplify the subsystems to minimize the number of data transformations in each subsystem. [S] 2. Derive algorithms from the fundamental physics and chemistry governing the parameters in each subsystem including those for instrument calibration. [S] 3. Use preliminary uncertainty estimates to detect unexpected discrepancies. Removing these requires diagnostic work as well as development and testing of fixes. [S] 4. Make sure there are adequate resources to support multiple end-to-end reprocessing of all data products. [T] 1. Create file identifiers that accommodate temporal and spatial sequences of data files and subsystem version changes. [T] 2. Create libraries of parameters used in common by different subsystems to reduce errors due to inconsistent values. [T] 3. Maintain a list of action items to record progress on resolving discrepancies. [T] 4. Plan on VVUQ activities that use independent data sources and peer review before distributing and archiving data. The goal of VVUQ is to provide a transparent link between the data and the physics and chemistry governing the measured quantities. The VVUQ effort also involves specialized domain experience and nomenclature. It often requires as much effort as the original system development. ERBE and CERES demonstrated that these strategies and tools can reduce the cost of VVUQ for Earth science data products.

Data Albums: An Event Driven Search, Aggregation and Curation Tool for Earth Science

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ramachandran, Rahul; Kulkarni, Ajinkya; Maskey, Manil; Bakare, Rohan; Basyal, Sabin; Li, Xiang; Flynn, Shannon

2014-01-01

One of the largest continuing challenges in any Earth science investigation is the discovery and access of useful science content from the increasingly large volumes of Earth science data and related information available. Approaches used in Earth science research such as case study analysis and climatology studies involve gathering discovering and gathering diverse data sets and information to support the research goals. Research based on case studies involves a detailed description of specific weather events using data from different sources, to characterize physical processes in play for a specific event. Climatology-based research tends to focus on the representativeness of a given event, by studying the characteristics and distribution of a large number of events. This allows researchers to generalize characteristics such as spatio-temporal distribution, intensity, annual cycle, duration, etc. To gather relevant data and information for case studies and climatology analysis is both tedious and time consuming. Current Earth science data systems are designed with the assumption that researchers access data primarily by instrument or geophysical parameter. Those who know exactly the datasets of interest can obtain the specific files they need using these systems. However, in cases where researchers are interested in studying a significant event, they have to manually assemble a variety of datasets relevant to it by searching the different distributed data systems. In these cases, a search process needs to be organized around the event rather than observing instruments. In addition, the existing data systems assume users have sufficient knowledge regarding the domain vocabulary to be able to effectively utilize their catalogs. These systems do not support new or interdisciplinary researchers who may be unfamiliar with the domain terminology. This paper presents a specialized search, aggregation and curation tool for Earth science to address these existing

JPL-20171011-OCOf-0002-NASA Pinpoints Cause of Earths Recent CO2 Spike

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-10-12

Video File: New research from NASA's Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) satellite shows that the impacts of heat and drought during the 2015-16 El Niño on Earth's tropical regions were responsible for the largest increase in atmospheric CO2 in at least 2,000 years. Animations showing change from 2014-2017, summertime changes in CO2, OCO-2 spacecraft. Footage of Amazon rainforest. Interview with Annemarie Eldering, OCO-2 Deputy Project Scientist, JPL.

Earth in Space: A CD-ROM Version for Pre-College Teachers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pedigo, P.

2003-12-01

Earth in Space, a magazine about the Earth and space sciences for pre-college science teachers, was published by AGU between 1987 and 2001 (9 issues each year). The goal of Earth in Space was to make research at the frontiers of the geosciences accessible to teachers and students and engage them in thinking about scientific careers. Each issue contained two or three recent research articles, rewritten for a high school level audience from the original version published in peer-reviewed AGU journals, which were supplemented with short news items and biographic information about the authors. As part of a 2003 summer internship with AGU, sponsored by the AGU Committee on Education and Human Resources (CEHR) and the American Institute of Physics, this collection of Earth in Space magazines was converted into an easily accessible electronic resource for K-12 teachers and students. Every issue was scanned into a PDF file. The entire collection of articles was cataloged in a database indexed to key topic terms (e.g., volcanoes, global climate change, space weather). A front-page was designed in order to facilitate rapid access to articles concerning specific topics within the Earth and space sciences of particular interest to high school students. A compact CD-ROM version of this resource will be distributed to science teachers at future meetings of the National Science Teachers Association and will be made available through AGU's Outreach and Research Support program.

25 CFR 580.5 - What happens if I file late or fail to file?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 25 Indians 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false What happens if I file late or fail to file? 580.5 Section 580.5 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR APPEAL PROCEEDINGS... What happens if I file late or fail to file? (a) Failure to file an appeal within the time provided...

25 CFR 580.5 - What happens if I file late or fail to file?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 25 Indians 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false What happens if I file late or fail to file? 580.5 Section 580.5 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR APPEAL PROCEEDINGS... What happens if I file late or fail to file? (a) Failure to file an appeal within the time provided...

Register file soft error recovery

DOEpatents

Fleischer, Bruce M.; Fox, Thomas W.; Wait, Charles D.; Muff, Adam J.; Watson, III, Alfred T.

2013-10-15

Register file soft error recovery including a system that includes a first register file and a second register file that mirrors the first register file. The system also includes an arithmetic pipeline for receiving data read from the first register file, and error detection circuitry to detect whether the data read from the first register file includes corrupted data. The system further includes error recovery circuitry to insert an error recovery instruction into the arithmetic pipeline in response to detecting the corrupted data. The inserted error recovery instruction replaces the corrupted data in the first register file with a copy of the data from the second register file.

Why the Petascale era will drive improvements in the management of the full lifecycle of earth science data.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wyborn, L.

2012-04-01

The advent of the petascale era, in both storage and compute facilities, will offer new opportunities for earth scientists to transform the way they do their science and to undertake cross-disciplinary science at a global scale. No longer will data have to be averaged and subsampled: it can be analysed to its fullest resolution at national or even global scales. Much larger data volumes can be analysed in single passes and at higher resolution: large scale cross domain science is now feasible. However, in general, earth sciences have been slow to capitalise on the potential of these new petascale compute facilities: many struggle to even use terascale facilities. Our chances of using these new facilities will require a vast improvement in the management of the full life cycle of data: in reality it will need to be transformed. Many of our current issues with earth science data are historic and stem from the limitations of early data storage systems. As storage was so expensive, metadata was usually stored separate from the data and attached as a readme file. Likewise, attributes that defined uncertainty, reliability and traceability were recoded in lab note books and rarely stored with the data. Data were routinely transferred as files. The new opportunities require that the traditional discover, display and locally download and process paradigm is too limited. For data access and assimilation to be improved, data will need to be self describing. For heterogeneous data to be rapidly integrated attributes such as reliability, uncertainty and traceability will need to be systematically recorded with each observation. The petascale era also requires that individual data files be transformed and aggregated into calibrated data arrays or data cubes. Standards become critical and are the enablers of integration. These changes are common to almost every science discipline. What makes earth sciences unique is that many domains record time series data, particularly in the

Report filing in histopathology.

PubMed Central

Blenkinsopp, W K

1977-01-01

An assessment of alternative methods of filing histopathology report forms in alphabetical order showed that orthodox card index filing is satisfactory up to about 100000 reports but, because of the need for long-term retrieval, when the reports filed exceed this number they should be copied on jacketed microfilm and a new card index file begun. PMID:591645

Securing the AliEn File Catalogue - Enforcing authorization with accountable file operations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schreiner, Steffen; Bagnasco, Stefano; Sankar Banerjee, Subho; Betev, Latchezar; Carminati, Federico; Vladimirovna Datskova, Olga; Furano, Fabrizio; Grigoras, Alina; Grigoras, Costin; Mendez Lorenzo, Patricia; Peters, Andreas Joachim; Saiz, Pablo; Zhu, Jianlin

2011-12-01

The AliEn Grid Services, as operated by the ALICE Collaboration in its global physics analysis grid framework, is based on a central File Catalogue together with a distributed set of storage systems and the possibility to register links to external data resources. This paper describes several identified vulnerabilities in the AliEn File Catalogue access protocol regarding fraud and unauthorized file alteration and presents a more secure and revised design: a new mechanism, called LFN Booking Table, is introduced in order to keep track of access authorization in the transient state of files entering or leaving the File Catalogue. Due to a simplification of the original Access Envelope mechanism for xrootd-protocol-based storage systems, fundamental computational improvements of the mechanism were achieved as well as an up to 50% reduction of the credential's size. By extending the access protocol with signed status messages from the underlying storage system, the File Catalogue receives trusted information about a file's size and checksum and the protocol is no longer dependent on client trust. Altogether, the revised design complies with atomic and consistent transactions and allows for accountable, authentic, and traceable file operations. This paper describes these changes as part and beyond the development of AliEn version 2.19.

The Earth Data Analytic Services (EDAS) Framework

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Maxwell, T. P.; Duffy, D.

2017-12-01

Faced with unprecedented growth in earth data volume and demand, NASA has developed the Earth Data Analytic Services (EDAS) framework, a high performance big data analytics framework built on Apache Spark. This framework enables scientists to execute data processing workflows combining common analysis operations close to the massive data stores at NASA. The data is accessed in standard (NetCDF, HDF, etc.) formats in a POSIX file system and processed using vetted earth data analysis tools (ESMF, CDAT, NCO, etc.). EDAS utilizes a dynamic caching architecture, a custom distributed array framework, and a streaming parallel in-memory workflow for efficiently processing huge datasets within limited memory spaces with interactive response times. EDAS services are accessed via a WPS API being developed in collaboration with the ESGF Compute Working Team to support server-side analytics for ESGF. The API can be accessed using direct web service calls, a Python script, a Unix-like shell client, or a JavaScript-based web application. New analytic operations can be developed in Python, Java, or Scala (with support for other languages planned). Client packages in Python, Java/Scala, or JavaScript contain everything needed to build and submit EDAS requests. The EDAS architecture brings together the tools, data storage, and high-performance computing required for timely analysis of large-scale data sets, where the data resides, to ultimately produce societal benefits. It is is currently deployed at NASA in support of the Collaborative REAnalysis Technical Environment (CREATE) project, which centralizes numerous global reanalysis datasets onto a single advanced data analytics platform. This service enables decision makers to compare multiple reanalysis datasets and investigate trends, variability, and anomalies in earth system dynamics around the globe.

11 CFR 100.19 - File, filed or filing (2 U.S.C. 434(a)).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... Time on the filing date, except that pre-election reports must have a postmark dated no later than 11:59 p.m. Eastern Standard/Daylight Time on the fifteenth day before the date of the election. (2... Standard/Daylight Time on the filing date. (d) 48-hour and 24-hour reports of independent expenditures—(1...

DSSTOX MASTER STRUCTURE-INDEX FILE: SDF FILE AND DOCUMENTATION

EPA Science Inventory

The DSSTox Master Structure-Index File serves to consolidate, manage, and ensure quality and uniformity of the chemical and substance information spanning all DSSTox Structure Data Files, including those in development but not yet published separately on this website.

Fail-over file transfer process

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Semancik, Susan K. (Inventor); Conger, Annette M. (Inventor)

2005-01-01

The present invention provides a fail-over file transfer process to handle data file transfer when the transfer is unsuccessful in order to avoid unnecessary network congestion and enhance reliability in an automated data file transfer system. If a file cannot be delivered after attempting to send the file to a receiver up to a preset number of times, and the receiver has indicated the availability of other backup receiving locations, then the file delivery is automatically attempted to one of the backup receiving locations up to the preset number of times. Failure of the file transfer to one of the backup receiving locations results in a failure notification being sent to the receiver, and the receiver may retrieve the file from the location indicated in the failure notification when ready.

33 CFR 148.246 - When is a document considered filed and where should I file it?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... filed and where should I file it? 148.246 Section 148.246 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD... Formal Hearings § 148.246 When is a document considered filed and where should I file it? (a) If a document to be filed is submitted by mail, it is considered filed on the date it is postmarked. If a...

Program to convert SUDS2ASC files to a single binary SEGY file

USGS Publications Warehouse

Goldman, Mark

2000-01-01

This program, SUDS2SEGY, converts and combines ASCII files created using SUDS2ASC Version 2.60, to a single SEGY file. SUDS2ASC has been used previously to create an ASCII file of three-component seismic data for an individual recording station. However, many seismic processing packages have difficulty reading in ASCII data. In addition, it may be cumbersome to process a separate file for each recording station, particularly if traces from different recording stations contain a different number of data samples and/or a different start time. This new program - SUDS2SEGY - combines these recording station files into a single SEGY file. In addition, SUDS2SEGY normalizes the trace times so that each trace starts at a given time and consists of a fixed number of samples. This normalization allows seismic data from many different stations to be read in as a single "data gather". SUDS2SEGY also produces a report summarizing the offset and maximum absolute amplitude for each component in a station file. These data are output separately to an ASCII file and can be subsequently input to a plotting package.

29 CFR 2200.8 - Filing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... document shall be filed. (e) Filing date. (1) Except for the documents listed in paragraph (e)(2) of this... 29 Labor 9 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Filing. 2200.8 Section 2200.8 Labor Regulations Relating to... § 2200.8 Filing. (a) What to file. All papers required to be served on a party or intervenor, except for...

Geolokit: An interactive tool for visualising and exploring geoscientific data in Google Earth

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Triantafyllou, Antoine; Watlet, Arnaud; Bastin, Christophe

2017-10-01

Virtual globes have been developed to showcase different types of data combining a digital elevation model and basemaps of high resolution satellite imagery. Hence, they became a standard to share spatial data and information, although they suffer from a lack of toolboxes dedicated to the formatting of large geoscientific dataset. From this perspective, we developed Geolokit: a free and lightweight software that allows geoscientists - and every scientist working with spatial data - to import their data (e.g., sample collections, structural geology, cross-sections, field pictures, georeferenced maps), to handle and to transcribe them to Keyhole Markup Language (KML) files. KML files are then automatically opened in the Google Earth virtual globe and the spatial data accessed and shared. Geolokit comes with a large number of dedicated tools that can process and display: (i) multi-points data, (ii) scattered data interpolations, (iii) structural geology features in 2D and 3D, (iv) rose diagrams, stereonets and dip-plunge polar histograms, (v) cross-sections and oriented rasters, (vi) georeferenced field pictures, (vii) georeferenced maps and projected gridding. Therefore, together with Geolokit, Google Earth becomes not only a powerful georeferenced data viewer but also a stand-alone work platform. The toolbox (available online at http://www.geolokit.org) is written in Python, a high-level, cross-platform programming language and is accessible through a graphical user interface, designed to run in parallel with Google Earth, through a workflow that requires no additional third party software. Geolokit features are demonstrated in this paper using typical datasets gathered from two case studies illustrating its applicability at multiple scales of investigation: a petro-structural investigation of the Ile d'Yeu orthogneissic unit (Western France) and data collection of the Mariana oceanic subduction zone (Western Pacific).

76 FR 43679 - Filing via the Internet; Notice of Additional File Formats for efiling

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-21

... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission [Docket No. RM07-16-000] Filing via the Internet; Notice of Additional File Formats for efiling Take notice that the Commission has added to its list of acceptable file formats the four-character file extensions for Microsoft Office 2007/2010...

Zebra: A striped network file system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hartman, John H.; Ousterhout, John K.

1992-01-01

The design of Zebra, a striped network file system, is presented. Zebra applies ideas from log-structured file system (LFS) and RAID research to network file systems, resulting in a network file system that has scalable performance, uses its servers efficiently even when its applications are using small files, and provides high availability. Zebra stripes file data across multiple servers, so that the file transfer rate is not limited by the performance of a single server. High availability is achieved by maintaining parity information for the file system. If a server fails its contents can be reconstructed using the contents of the remaining servers and the parity information. Zebra differs from existing striped file systems in the way it stripes file data: Zebra does not stripe on a per-file basis; instead it stripes the stream of bytes written by each client. Clients write to the servers in units called stripe fragments, which are analogous to segments in an LFS. Stripe fragments contain file blocks that were written recently, without regard to which file they belong. This method of striping has numerous advantages over per-file striping, including increased server efficiency, efficient parity computation, and elimination of parity update.

CloudSat Reflectivity Data Visualization Inside Hurricanes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Suzuki, Shigeru; Wright, John R.; Falcon, Pedro C.

2011-01-01

Animations and other outreach products have been created and released to the public quickly after the CloudSat spacecraft flew over hurricanes. The automated script scans through the CloudSat quicklook data to find significant atmospheric moisture content. Once such a region is found, data from multiple sources is combined to produce the data products and the animations. KMZ products are quickly generated from the quicklook data for viewing in Google Earth and other tools. Animations are also generated to show the atmospheric moisture data in context with the storm cloud imagery. Global images from GOES satellites are shown to give context. The visualization provides better understanding of the interior of the hurricane storm clouds, which is difficult to observe directly. The automated process creates the finished animation in the High Definition (HD) video format for quick release to the media and public.

Architecture for the Interdisciplinary Earth Data Alliance

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Richard, S. M.

2016-12-01

The Interdisciplinary Earth Data Alliance (IEDA) is leading an EarthCube (EC) Integrative Activity to develop a governance structure and technology framework that enables partner data systems to share technology, infrastructure, and practice for documenting, curating, and accessing heterogeneous geoscience data. The IEDA data facility provides capabilities in an extensible framework that enables domain-specific requirements for each partner system in the Alliance to be integrated into standardized cross-domain workflows. The shared technology infrastructure includes a data submission hub, a domain-agnostic file-based repository, an integrated Alliance catalog and a Data Browser for data discovery across all partner holdings, as well as services for registering identifiers for datasets (DOI) and samples (IGSN). The submission hub will be a platform that facilitates acquisition of cross-domain resource documentation and channels users into domain and resource-specific workflows tailored for each partner community. We are exploring an event-based message bus architecture with a standardized plug-in interface for adding capabilities. This architecture builds on the EC CINERGI metadata pipeline as well as the message-based architecture of the SEAD project. Plug-in components for file introspection to match entities to a data type registry (extending EC Digital Crust and Research Data Alliance work), extract standardized keywords (using CINERGI components), location, cruise, personnel and other metadata linkage information (building on GeoLink and existing IEDA partner components). The submission hub will feed submissions to appropriate partner repositories and service endpoints targeted by domain and resource type for distribution. The Alliance governance will adopt patterns (vocabularies, operations, resource types) for self-describing data services using standard HTTP protocol for simplified data access (building on EC GeoWS and other `RESTful' approaches). Exposure

Publications of the Western Earth Surface Processes Team, 1999

USGS Publications Warehouse

Stone, Paul; Powell, Charles L.

2000-01-01

The Western Earth Surfaces Processes Team (WESPT) of the U.S. Geological Survey, Geologic Division (USGS, GD), conducts geologic mapping and related topical earth- science studies in the western United States. This work is focused on areas where modern geologic maps and associated earth-science data are needed to address key societal and environmental issues such as ground-water quality, potential geologic hazards, and land-use decisions. Areas of primary emphasis currently include southern California, the San Francisco Bay region, and the Pacific Northwest. The team has its headquarters in Menlo Park, California, and maintains field offices at several other locations in the western United States. The results of research conducted by the WESPT are released to the public as a variety of databases, maps, text reports, and abstracts, both through the internal publication system of the USGS and in diverse external publications such as scientific journals and books. This report lists publications of the WESPT released in 1999 as well as additional 1997 and 1998 publications that were not included in the previous list (USGS Open-file Report 99-302). Most of the publications listed were authored or coauthored by WESPT staff. The list also includes some publications authored by non-USGS cooperators with the WESPT, as well as some authored by USGS staff outside the WESPT in cooperation with WESPT projects.

Permanent-File-Validation Utility Computer Program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Derry, Stephen D.

1988-01-01

Errors in files detected and corrected during operation. Permanent File Validation (PFVAL) utility computer program provides CDC CYBER NOS sites with mechanism to verify integrity of permanent file base. Locates and identifies permanent file errors in Mass Storage Table (MST) and Track Reservation Table (TRT), in permanent file catalog entries (PFC's) in permit sectors, and in disk sector linkage. All detected errors written to listing file and system and job day files. Program operates by reading system tables , catalog track, permit sectors, and disk linkage bytes to vaidate expected and actual file linkages. Used extensively to identify and locate errors in permanent files and enable online correction, reducing computer-system downtime.

77 FR 71587 - Wisconsin Public Service Corporation; Notices of Intent To File License Applications, Filing of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-03

...] Wisconsin Public Service Corporation; Notices of Intent To File License Applications, Filing of Pre-Application Documents (PAD), Commencement of Pre-Filing Processes and Scoping, Request for Comments on the...: Notices of Intent to File License Applications for Two New Licenses and Commencing the Pre-filing Process...

GEWEX-RFA Data File Format and File Naming Convention

Atmospheric Science Data Center

2016-05-20

... documentation, will be stored for each data product. Each time data is added to, removed from, or modified in the file set for a product, ... including 29 days in leap-year Februaries. Time series files containing 15-minute data should start at the top of an hour to ...

Emerging Geospatial Sharing Technologies in Earth and Space Science Informatics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Singh, R.; Bermudez, L. E.

2013-12-01

Emerging Geospatial Sharing Technologies in Earth and Space Science Informatics The Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) mission is to serve as a global forum for the collaboration of developers and users of spatial data products and services, and to advance the development of international standards for geospatial interoperability. The OGC coordinates with over 400 institutions in the development of geospatial standards. In the last years two main trends are making disruptions in geospatial applications: mobile and context sharing. People now have more and more mobile devices to support their work and personal life. Mobile devices are intermittently connected to the internet and have smaller computing capacity than a desktop computer. Based on this trend a new OGC file format standard called GeoPackage will enable greater geospatial data sharing on mobile devices. GeoPackage is perhaps best understood as the natural evolution of Shapefiles, which have been the predominant lightweight geodata sharing format for two decades. However the format is extremely limited. Four major shortcomings are that only vector points, lines, and polygons are supported; property names are constrained by the dBASE format; multiple files are required to encode a single data set; and multiple Shapefiles are required to encode multiple data sets. A more modern lingua franca for geospatial data is long overdue. GeoPackage fills this need with support for vector data, image tile matrices, and raster data. And it builds upon a database container - SQLite - that's self-contained, single-file, cross-platform, serverless, transactional, and open source. A GeoPackage, in essence, is a set of SQLite database tables whose content and layout is described in the candidate GeoPackage Implementation Specification available at https://portal.opengeospatial.org/files/?artifact_id=54838&version=1. The second trend is sharing client 'contexts'. When a user is looking into an article or a product on the web

A File Archival System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fanselow, J. L.; Vavrus, J. L.

1984-01-01

ARCH, file archival system for DEC VAX, provides for easy offline storage and retrieval of arbitrary files on DEC VAX system. System designed to eliminate situations that tie up disk space and lead to confusion when different programers develop different versions of same programs and associated files.

Demographic Profile of U.S. Children: National File [Machine-Readable Data File].

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Peterson, J. L.; White, R. N.

These two computer files contain social and demographic data about U.S. children and their families taken from the March 1985 Current Population Survey of the U.S. Census. One file is for all children; the second file is for black children. The following column variables are included: (1) family structure; (2) parent educational attainment; (3)…

Strategy for earth explorers in global earth sciences

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1988-01-01

The goal of the current NASA Earth System Science initiative is to obtain a comprehensive scientific understanding of the Earth as an integrated, dynamic system. The centerpiece of the Earth System Science initiative will be a set of instruments carried on polar orbiting platforms under the Earth Observing System program. An Earth Explorer program can open new vistas in the earth sciences, encourage innovation, and solve critical scientific problems. Specific missions must be rigorously shaped by the demands and opportunities of high quality science and must complement the Earth Observing System and the Mission to Planet Earth. The committee believes that the proposed Earth Explorer program provides a substantial opportunity for progress in the earth sciences, both through independent missions and through missions designed to complement the large scale platforms and international research programs that represent important national commitments. The strategy presented is intended to help ensure the success of the Earth Explorer program as a vital stimulant to the study of the planet.

Development of Visualizations and Loggable Activities for the Geosciences. Results from Recent TUES Sponsored Projects

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

De Paor, D. G.; Bailey, J. E.; Whitmeyer, S. J.

2012-12-01

Our TUES research centers on the role of digital data, visualizations, animations, and simulations in undergraduate geoscience education. Digital hardware (smartphones, tablets, GPSs, GigaPan robotic camera mounts, etc.) are revolutionizing field data collection. Software products (GIS, 3-D scanning and modeling programs, virtual globes, etc.) have truly transformed the way geoscientists teach, learn, and do research. Whilst Google-Earth-style visualizations are famously user-friend for the person browsing, they can be notoriously unfriendly for the content creator. Therefore, we developed tools to help educators create and share visualizations as easily as if posting on Facebook. Anyone whoIf you wish to display geological cross sections on Google Earth, go to digitalplanet.org, upload image files, position them on a line of section, and share with the world through our KMZ hosting service. Other tools facilitate screen overlay and 3-D map symbol generation. We advocate use of such technology to enable undergraduate students to 'publish' their first mapping efforts even while they are working in the field. A second outcome of our TUES projects merges Second-Life-style interaction with Google Earth. We created games in which students act as first responders for natural hazard mitigation, prospectors for natural resource explorations, and structural geologist for map-making. Students are represented by avatars and collaborate by exchange of text messages - the natural mode of communication for the current generation. Teachers view logs showing student movements as well as transcripts of text messages and can scaffold student learning and geofence students to prevent wandering. Early results of in-class testing show positive learning outcomes. The third aspect of our program emphasizes dissemination. Experience shows that great effort is required to overcome activation energy and ensure adoption of new technology into the curriculum. We organized a GSA Penrose

VizieR Online Data Catalog: SMART97, rigid Earth rotation new solution (Bretagnon+ 1998)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bretagnon, P.; Francou, G.; Rocher, P.; Simon, J. L.

1998-03-01

The Earth rotation solution SMART97 (Solution du Mouvement de l'Axe de Rotation de la Terre) is an analytical solution of the Earth rotation in the rigid case. It gives the expressions of precession-nutation and rotation of the Earth for the 3 Euler angles ψ, ω, φ as well as for the quantities p, ɛ, χ, and the sidereal time. For the axis of figure (fig), these 7 quantities are given in the dynamical system (dyn) and in the kinematical system (kin). SMART97 also gives the variables ψ and ω, in the dynamical system, for the differences (axis of figure - axis of rotation) (rot) and (axis of figure - axis of the angular momentum) (ang). The accuracy of the solution is better than 2.2 microarcseconds for all these variables over 20000 days, between 1968 and 2023. A program EXAMPLE (Fortran 77) is provided which makes use of the subroutine SMART97 which substitutes the time in the series of the solutions SMART97. (18 data files).

Converting Inhouse Subject Card Files to Electronic Keyword Files.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Culmer, Carita M.

The library at Phoenix College developed the Controversial Issues Files (CIF), a "home made" card file containing references pertinent to specific ongoing assignments. Although the CIF had proven itself to be an excellent resource tool for beginning researchers, it was cumbersome to maintain in the card format, and was limited to very…

Land and Atmosphere Near-Real-Time Capability for Earth Observing System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Murphy, Kevin J.

2011-01-01

GC-compliant Web Map Service (WMS) will be added shortly that will allow users to download geo-referenced MODIS images for arbitrary bounding boxes. Further, an OGC-compliant Web Coverage Service (WCS) will be added later this year that will expedite user access to arbitrary data subsets or re-formatted products. AIRS images are now served through WMS and available in multiple formats (PNG, GeoTIFF, KMZ). NASA has established a LANCE User Working Group to steer the development of the system and create a forum for sharing ideas and experiences that are expected to further improve the LANCE capabilities. The LANCE system has proved a success by satisfying the growing needs of the applications and operational communities for land and atmosphere data in near-real-time. NASA's Earth Sciences Division was able to leverage existing science research capabilities to provide the near-real-time community with products and imagery that support monitoring of disasters in a timely manner.

Interoperability format translation and transformation between IFC architectural design file and simulation file formats

DOEpatents

Chao, Tian-Jy; Kim, Younghun

2015-02-03

Automatically translating a building architecture file format (Industry Foundation Class) to a simulation file, in one aspect, may extract data and metadata used by a target simulation tool from a building architecture file. Interoperability data objects may be created and the extracted data is stored in the interoperability data objects. A model translation procedure may be prepared to identify a mapping from a Model View Definition to a translation and transformation function. The extracted data may be transformed using the data stored in the interoperability data objects, an input Model View Definition template, and the translation and transformation function to convert the extracted data to correct geometric values needed for a target simulation file format used by the target simulation tool. The simulation file in the target simulation file format may be generated.

Torsional and cyclic fatigue resistances of glide path preparation instruments: G-file and PathFile.

PubMed

Sung, Sang Yup; Ha, Jung-Hong; Kwak, Sang-Won; Abed, Rashid El; Byeon, Kyeongmin; Kim, Hyeon-Cheol

2014-01-01

This study aimed to compare cyclic fatigue and torsional resistances of glide path creating instruments with different tapers and tip sizes. Two sizes (G1 and G2) from G-File system and three sizes (PathFile #1, #2, and #3) from PathFile system were used for torsional resistance and cyclic fatigue resistance tests (n = 10). The torsional resistance was evaluated at 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, and 6-mm from the file tip by plotting the torsional load changes until fracture by rotational loading of 2 rpm. The cyclic fatigue resistance was compared by measuring the number of cycles to failure. Data were analyzed statistically using one-way ANOVA and Duncan's post-hoc comparison. The length of the fractured file fragment was also measured. All fractured fragments were observed under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Although G-2 file showed a lower torsional strength than PathFile #3 at 2- and 3-mm levels (p < 0.05), they had similar ultimate strengths at 4-, 5-, and 6-mm levels (p > 0.05). The smaller files of each brand had a significantly higher cyclic fatigue resistance than the bigger ones (p < 0.05). PathFile #1 and #2 had higher fatigue resistances than G-files (p < 0.05). While G-1 had a similar fatigue resistance as PathFile #3, G-2 showed the lowest and PathFile #1 showed the highest resistances among the tested groups (p < 0.05). The SEM examination showed typical appearances of cyclic fatigue and torsional fractures, regardless of the tested levels. Clinicians may consider the instruments' sizes for each clinical case in order to get efficient glide path with minimal risk of fracture. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Apically extruded dentin debris by reciprocating single-file and multi-file rotary system.

PubMed

De-Deus, Gustavo; Neves, Aline; Silva, Emmanuel João; Mendonça, Thais Accorsi; Lourenço, Caroline; Calixto, Camila; Lima, Edson Jorge Moreira

2015-03-01

This study aims to evaluate the apical extrusion of debris by the two reciprocating single-file systems: WaveOne and Reciproc. Conventional multi-file rotary system was used as a reference for comparison. The hypotheses tested were (i) the reciprocating single-file systems extrude more than conventional multi-file rotary system and (ii) the reciprocating single-file systems extrude similar amounts of dentin debris. After solid selection criteria, 80 mesial roots of lower molars were included in the present study. The use of four different instrumentation techniques resulted in four groups (n = 20): G1 (hand-file technique), G2 (ProTaper), G3 (WaveOne), and G4 (Reciproc). The apparatus used to evaluate the collection of apically extruded debris was typical double-chamber collector. Statistical analysis was performed for multiple comparisons. No significant difference was found in the amount of the debris extruded between the two reciprocating systems. In contrast, conventional multi-file rotary system group extruded significantly more debris than both reciprocating groups. Hand instrumentation group extruded significantly more debris than all other groups. The present results yielded favorable input for both reciprocation single-file systems, inasmuch as they showed an improved control of apically extruded debris. Apical extrusion of debris has been studied extensively because of its clinical relevance, particularly since it may cause flare-ups, originated by the introduction of bacteria, pulpal tissue, and irrigating solutions into the periapical tissues.

76 FR 52323 - Combined Notice of Filings; Filings Instituting Proceedings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-22

.... Applicants: Young Gas Storage Company, Ltd. Description: Young Gas Storage Company, Ltd. submits tariff..., but intervention is necessary to become a party to the proceeding. The filings are accessible in the.... More detailed information relating to filing requirements, interventions, protests, and service can be...

Interoperability format translation and transformation between IFC architectural design file and simulation file formats

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chao, Tian-Jy; Kim, Younghun

Automatically translating a building architecture file format (Industry Foundation Class) to a simulation file, in one aspect, may extract data and metadata used by a target simulation tool from a building architecture file. Interoperability data objects may be created and the extracted data is stored in the interoperability data objects. A model translation procedure may be prepared to identify a mapping from a Model View Definition to a translation and transformation function. The extracted data may be transformed using the data stored in the interoperability data objects, an input Model View Definition template, and the translation and transformation function tomore » convert the extracted data to correct geometric values needed for a target simulation file format used by the target simulation tool. The simulation file in the target simulation file format may be generated.« less

NASA Uniform Files Index

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1987-01-01

This handbook is a guide for the use of all personnel engaged in handling NASA files. It is issued in accordance with the regulations of the National Archives and Records Administration, in the Code of Federal Regulations Title 36, Part 1224, Files Management; and the Federal Information Resources Management Regulation, Subpart 201-45.108, Files Management. It is intended to provide a standardized classification and filing scheme to achieve maximum uniformity and ease in maintaining and using agency records. It is a framework for consistent organization of information in an arrangement that will be useful to current and future researchers. The NASA Uniform Files Index coding structure is composed of the subject classification table used for NASA management directives and the subject groups in the NASA scientific and technical information system. It is designed to correlate files throughout NASA and it is anticipated that it may be useful with automated filing systems. It is expected that in the conversion of current files to this arrangement it will be necessary to add tertiary subjects and make further subdivisions under the existing categories. Established primary and secondary subject categories may not be changed arbitrarily. Proposals for additional subject categories of NASA-wide applicability, and suggestions for improvement in this handbook, should be addressed to the Records Program Manager at the pertinent installation who will forward it to the NASA Records Management Office, Code NTR, for approval. This handbook is issued in loose-leaf form and will be revised by page changes.

20 CFR 217.16 - Filing date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Filing date. 217.16 Section 217.16 Employees... LUMP SUM Filing An Application § 217.16 Filing date. An application filed in a manner and form acceptable to the Board is officially filed with the Board on the earliest of the following dates: (a) On the...

Sensitivity Data File Formats

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rearden, Bradley T.

2016-04-01

The format of the TSUNAMI-A sensitivity data file produced by SAMS for cases with deterministic transport solutions is given in Table 6.3.A.1. The occurrence of each entry in the data file is followed by an identification of the data contained on each line of the file and the FORTRAN edit descriptor denoting the format of each line. A brief description of each line is also presented. A sample of the TSUNAMI-A data file for the Flattop-25 sample problem is provided in Figure 6.3.A.1. Here, only two profiles out of the 130 computed are shown.

Opportunities in Education and Public Outreach for Scientists at the School of Ocean and Earth Sciences and Technology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hicks, T.

2004-12-01

The School of Ocean and Earth Sciences and Technology (SOEST) at the University of Hawaii at Manoa is home to twelve diverse research institutes, programs and academic departments that focus on a wide range of earth and planetary sciences. SOEST's main outreach goals at the K-12 level are to increase the awareness of Hawaii's schoolchildren regarding earth, ocean, and space science, and to inspire them to consider a career in science. Education and public outreach efforts in SOEST include a variety of programs that engage students and the public in formal as well as informal educational settings, such as our biennial Open House, expedition web sites, Hawaii Ocean Science Bowl, museum exhibits, and programs with local schools. Some of the projects that allow for scientist involvement in E/PO include visiting local classrooms, volunteering in our outreach programs, submitting lessons and media files to our educational database of outreach materials relating to earth and space science research in Hawaii, developing E/PO materials to supplement research grants, and working with local museum staff as science experts.

Nimbus 7 Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet (SBUV) spectral scan solar irradiance and Earth radiance product user's guide

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schlesinger, Barry M.; Cebula, Richard P.; Heath, Donald F.; Fleig, Albert J.

1988-01-01

The archived tape products from the spectral scan mode measurements of solar irradiance (SUNC tapes) and Earth radiance (EARTH tapes) by the Solar Backscatter UV (SBUV) instrument aboard Nimbus 7 are described. Incoming radiation from 160 to 400 nm is measured at intervals of 0.2 nm. The scan-to-scan repeatability of the solar irradiance measurements ranges from approximately 0.5 to 1 percent longward of 280 nm, to 2 percent around 210 nm and 4 percent near 175 nm. The repeatability of the Earth radiance values ranges from 2 to 3 percent at longer wavelengths and low zenith angles to 10 percent at shorter wavelengths and high zenith angles. The tape formats are described in detail, including file structure and contents of each type of record. Catalogs of the tapes and the time period covered are provided, along with lists of the days lacking solar irradiance measurements and the days dedicated to Earth radiance measurements. The method for production of the tapes is outlined and quality control measures are described. How radiances and irradiances are derived from the raw counts, the corrections for changes in instrument sensitivity, and related uncertainties are discussed.

75 FR 38805 - Filing Via the Internet; Electronic Tariff Filings Notice of Display of Time on Commission's...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-06

... system the time used by the Commission to mark officially the time that eFilings and eTariff submissions... timely. The time display will assist users in ensuring that their filings are timely filed, i.e., are... electronic submissions in lieu of paper using the eFiling link at http://www.ferc.gov . Also, Filing...

Operational Interoperable Web Coverage Service for Earth Observing Satellite Data: Issues and Lessons Learned

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, W.; Min, M.; Bai, Y.; Lynnes, C.; Holloway, D.; Enloe, Y.; di, L.

2008-12-01

In the past few years, there have been growing interests, among major earth observing satellite (EOS) data providers, in serving data through the interoperable Web Coverage Service (WCS) interface protocol, developed by the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC). The interface protocol defined in WCS specifications allows client software to make customized requests of multi-dimensional EOS data, including spatial and temporal subsetting, resampling and interpolation, and coordinate reference system (CRS) transformation. A WCS server describes an offered coverage, i.e., a data product, through a response to a client's DescribeCoverage request. The description includes the offered coverage's spatial/temporal extents and resolutions, supported CRSs, supported interpolation methods, and supported encoding formats. Based on such information, a client can request the entire or a subset of coverage in any spatial/temporal resolutions and in any one of the supported CRSs, formats, and interpolation methods. When implementing a WCS server, a data provider has different approaches to present its data holdings to clients. One of the most straightforward, and commonly used, approaches is to offer individual physical data files as separate coverages. Such implementation, however, will result in too many offered coverages for large data holdings and it also cannot fully present the relationship among different, but spatially and/or temporally associated, data files. It is desirable to disconnect offered coverages from physical data files so that the former is more coherent, especially in spatial and temporal domains. Therefore, some servers offer one single coverage for a set of spatially coregistered time series data files such as a daily global precipitation coverage linked to many global single- day precipitation files; others offer one single coverage for multiple temporally coregistered files together forming a large spatial extent. In either case, a server needs to assemble an

Data Albums: An Event Driven Search, Aggregation and Curation Tool for Earth Science

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ramachandran, Rahul; Kulkarni, Ajinkya; Maskey, Manil; Bakare, Rohan; Basyal, Sabin; Li, Xiang; Flynn, Shannon

2014-01-01

Approaches used in Earth science research such as case study analysis and climatology studies involve discovering and gathering diverse data sets and information to support the research goals. To gather relevant data and information for case studies and climatology analysis is both tedious and time consuming. Current Earth science data systems are designed with the assumption that researchers access data primarily by instrument or geophysical parameter. In cases where researchers are interested in studying a significant event, they have to manually assemble a variety of datasets relevant to it by searching the different distributed data systems. This paper presents a specialized search, aggregation and curation tool for Earth science to address these challenges. The search rool automatically creates curated 'Data Albums', aggregated collections of information related to a specific event, containing links to relevant data files [granules] from different instruments, tools and services for visualization and analysis, and information about the event contained in news reports, images or videos to supplement research analysis. Curation in the tool is driven via an ontology based relevancy ranking algorithm to filter out non relevant information and data.

Cyclic fatigue resistance of a novel rotary file manufactured using controlled memory Ni-Ti technology compared to a file made from M-wire file.

PubMed

AlShwaimi, E

2018-01-01

To compare the cyclic fatigue properties of a novel file made using controlled memory Ni-Ti technology with those of files made from M-wire. Twelve files with similar cross-sectional geometry and tip size from each of the following groups were tested: Proflexendo made from CMT (PE; size 30 0.04; Nexden, Houston, Tx, USA), ProFile Vortex made from M-wire (PV; size 30 0.04; Dentsply Tulsa Dental, Tulsa, OK, USA) and ProTaper Universal made from regular alloy (PU; F3; Dentsply Tulsa Dental). A custom-made cyclic fatigue device was made to evaluate the total number of cycles to failure for each system. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to examine the fractured surfaces of the fragments. The arithmetic means and standard deviations were calculated for the total number of cycles to failure. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare the mean cyclic failure amongst the three groups. Post hoc Tukey's test was performed to compare the difference of the means between the groups at a significance level of P < 0.05. Proflexendo had a significantly greater resistance to cyclic fatigue compared to other systems (P < 0.001). Proflexendo files were able to withstand 500% more cycles to fracture when compared to ProFile Vortex files. Manufacturing technique had a significant impact on the resistance to cyclic fatigue. Proflexendo files made from controlled memory Ni-Ti technology had the highest number of cycles to failure compared to ProFile Vortex made from M-wire files with similar taper and tip size. © 2017 International Endodontic Journal. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Usage analysis of user files in UNIX

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Devarakonda, Murthy V.; Iyer, Ravishankar K.

1987-01-01

Presented is a user-oriented analysis of short term file usage in a 4.2 BSD UNIX environment. The key aspect of this analysis is a characterization of users and files, which is a departure from the traditional approach of analyzing file references. Two characterization measures are employed: accesses-per-byte (combining fraction of a file referenced and number of references) and file size. This new approach is shown to distinguish differences in files as well as users, which cam be used in efficient file system design, and in creating realistic test workloads for simulations. A multi-stage gamma distribution is shown to closely model the file usage measures. Even though overall file sharing is small, some files belonging to a bulletin board system are accessed by many users, simultaneously and otherwise. Over 50% of users referenced files owned by other users, and over 80% of all files were involved in such references. Based on the differences in files and users, suggestions to improve the system performance were also made.

78 FR 6772 - Failure To File Gain Recognition Agreements and Other Required Filings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-31

... regulations that would amend the existing rules governing the consequences to U.S. persons for failing to file... current law, if a U.S. transferor fails to timely file an initial GRA, or fails to comply in any material... fails to timely file an annual certification), the U.S. transferor is subject to full gain recognition...

NCEP BUFR File Structure

Science.gov Websites

. These tables may be defined within a separate ASCII text file (see Description and Format of BUFR Tables time, the BUFR tables are usually read from an external ASCII text file (although it is also possible reports. Click here to view the ASCII text file (called /nwprod/fix/bufrtab.002 on the NCEP CCS machines

22 CFR 123.22 - Filing, retention, and return of export licenses and filing of export information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Filing, retention, and return of export licenses and filing of export information. 123.22 Section 123.22 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE....22 Filing, retention, and return of export licenses and filing of export information. (a) Any export...

48 CFR 6101.2 - Filing cases; time limits for filing; notice of docketing; consolidation [Rule 2].

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Filing cases; time limits... 6101.2 Filing cases; time limits for filing; notice of docketing; consolidation [Rule 2]. (a) Filing... name, address, telephone number, facsimile machine number, and e-mail address, if available, of the...

Transparency in Distributed File Systems

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-01-01

ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT. PROJECT, TASK Computer Science Department AREA & WORK UNIT NUMBERS 734 Comouter Studies Bldc . University of...sistency control , file and director) placement, and file and directory migration in a way that pro- 3 vides full network transparency. This transparency...areas of naming, replication, con- sistency control , file and directory placement, and file and directory migration in a way that pro- 3 vides full

Cleaning of endodontic files, Part I: The effect of bioburden on the sterilization of endodontic files.

PubMed

Johnson, M A; Primack, P D; Loushine, R J; Craft, D W

1997-01-01

Ninety-two new endodontic files were randomly assigned to five groups with varying parameters of contamination, cleaning method, and sterilization (steam or chemical). Files were instrumented in bovine teeth to accumulate debris and a known contaminant, Bacillus stearothermophilus. Positive controls produced growth on both T-soy agar plates and in T-soy broth. Negative controls and experimental files (some with heavy debris) failed to produce growth. The results showed that there was no significant difference between contaminated files that were not cleaned before sterilization and contaminated files that were cleaned before sterilization. Bioburden present on endodontic files does not appear to affect the sterilization process.

Evolving Metadata in NASA Earth Science Data Systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mitchell, A.; Cechini, M. F.; Walter, J.

2011-12-01

NASA's Earth Observing System (EOS) is a coordinated series of satellites for long term global observations. NASA's Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) is a petabyte-scale archive of environmental data that supports global climate change research by providing end-to-end services from EOS instrument data collection to science data processing to full access to EOS and other earth science data. On a daily basis, the EOSDIS ingests, processes, archives and distributes over 3 terabytes of data from NASA's Earth Science missions representing over 3500 data products ranging from various types of science disciplines. EOSDIS is currently comprised of 12 discipline specific data centers that are collocated with centers of science discipline expertise. Metadata is used in all aspects of NASA's Earth Science data lifecycle from the initial measurement gathering to the accessing of data products. Missions use metadata in their science data products when describing information such as the instrument/sensor, operational plan, and geographically region. Acting as the curator of the data products, data centers employ metadata for preservation, access and manipulation of data. EOSDIS provides a centralized metadata repository called the Earth Observing System (EOS) ClearingHouse (ECHO) for data discovery and access via a service-oriented-architecture (SOA) between data centers and science data users. ECHO receives inventory metadata from data centers who generate metadata files that complies with the ECHO Metadata Model. NASA's Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS) Project established a Tiger Team to study and make recommendations regarding the adoption of the international metadata standard ISO 19115 in EOSDIS. The result was a technical report recommending an evolution of NASA data systems towards a consistent application of ISO 19115 and related standards including the creation of a NASA-specific convention for core ISO 19115 elements. Part of

The Galley Parallel File System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Nieuwejaar, Nils; Kotz, David

1996-01-01

As the I/O needs of parallel scientific applications increase, file systems for multiprocessors are being designed to provide applications with parallel access to multiple disks. Many parallel file systems present applications with a conventional Unix-like interface that allows the application to access multiple disks transparently. The interface conceals the parallelism within the file system, which increases the ease of programmability, but makes it difficult or impossible for sophisticated programmers and libraries to use knowledge about their I/O needs to exploit that parallelism. Furthermore, most current parallel file systems are optimized for a different workload than they are being asked to support. We introduce Galley, a new parallel file system that is intended to efficiently support realistic parallel workloads. We discuss Galley's file structure and application interface, as well as an application that has been implemented using that interface.

77 FR 66601 - Electronic Tariff Filings; Notice of Change to eTariff Type of Filing Codes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-06

... Tariff Filings; Notice of Change to eTariff Type of Filing Codes Take notice that, effective November 18, 2012, the list of available eTariff Type of Filing Codes (TOFC) will be modified to include a new TOFC... Energy's regulations. Tariff records included in such filings will be automatically accepted to be...

76 FR 62092 - Filing Procedures

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-06

... INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION Filing Procedures AGENCY: International Trade Commission. ACTION: Notice of issuance of Handbook on Filing Procedures. SUMMARY: The United States International Trade Commission (``Commission'') is issuing a Handbook on Filing Procedures to replace its Handbook on Electronic...

12 CFR 1780.9 - Filing of papers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 7 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Filing of papers. 1780.9 Section 1780.9 Banks... papers. (a) Filing. Any papers required to be filed shall be addressed to the presiding officer and filed... Director or the presiding officer. All papers filed by electronic media shall also concurrently be filed in...

12 CFR 1780.9 - Filing of papers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 7 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Filing of papers. 1780.9 Section 1780.9 Banks... papers. (a) Filing. Any papers required to be filed shall be addressed to the presiding officer and filed... Director or the presiding officer. All papers filed by electronic media shall also concurrently be filed in...

The Jade File System. Ph.D. Thesis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rao, Herman Chung-Hwa

1991-01-01

File systems have long been the most important and most widely used form of shared permanent storage. File systems in traditional time-sharing systems, such as Unix, support a coherent sharing model for multiple users. Distributed file systems implement this sharing model in local area networks. However, most distributed file systems fail to scale from local area networks to an internet. Four characteristics of scalability were recognized: size, wide area, autonomy, and heterogeneity. Owing to size and wide area, techniques such as broadcasting, central control, and central resources, which are widely adopted by local area network file systems, are not adequate for an internet file system. An internet file system must also support the notion of autonomy because an internet is made up by a collection of independent organizations. Finally, heterogeneity is the nature of an internet file system, not only because of its size, but also because of the autonomy of the organizations in an internet. The Jade File System, which provides a uniform way to name and access files in the internet environment, is presented. Jade is a logical system that integrates a heterogeneous collection of existing file systems, where heterogeneous means that the underlying file systems support different file access protocols. Because of autonomy, Jade is designed under the restriction that the underlying file systems may not be modified. In order to avoid the complexity of maintaining an internet-wide, global name space, Jade permits each user to define a private name space. In Jade's design, we pay careful attention to avoiding unnecessary network messages between clients and file servers in order to achieve acceptable performance. Jade's name space supports two novel features: (1) it allows multiple file systems to be mounted under one direction; and (2) it permits one logical name space to mount other logical name spaces. A prototype of Jade was implemented to examine and validate its

76 FR 50210 - Combined Notice of Filings #

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-12

..., Inc. submits tariff filing per 35.13(a)(2)(iii: Filing of Notice of Succession to be effective 10/5..., Inc. submits tariff filing per 35.13(a)(2)(iii: Filing of Notice of Succession to be effective 10/5..., Inc. submits tariff filing per 35.13(a)(2)(iii: Filing of Notice of Succession to be effective 10/5...

76 FR 12950 - Combined Notice of Filings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-09

....204: EnCana Marketing Negotiated Rate Agreement Amendment to be effective 2/24/2011. Filed Date: 03/01... submits tariff filing per 154.403(d)(2): Fuel Filing 2011 to be effective 4/1/2011. Filed Date: 03/01/2011... submits tariff filing per 154.403(d)(2): Fuel Tracker 2011 to be effective 4/1/2011. Filed Date: 03/01...

The Galley Parallel File System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Nieuwejaar, Nils; Kotz, David

1996-01-01

Most current multiprocessor file systems are designed to use multiple disks in parallel, using the high aggregate bandwidth to meet the growing I/0 requirements of parallel scientific applications. Many multiprocessor file systems provide applications with a conventional Unix-like interface, allowing the application to access multiple disks transparently. This interface conceals the parallelism within the file system, increasing the ease of programmability, but making it difficult or impossible for sophisticated programmers and libraries to use knowledge about their I/O needs to exploit that parallelism. In addition to providing an insufficient interface, most current multiprocessor file systems are optimized for a different workload than they are being asked to support. We introduce Galley, a new parallel file system that is intended to efficiently support realistic scientific multiprocessor workloads. We discuss Galley's file structure and application interface, as well as the performance advantages offered by that interface.

Siberian Earth System Science Cluster - A web-based Geoportal to provide user-friendly Earth Observation Products for supporting NEESPI scientists

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Eberle, J.; Gerlach, R.; Hese, S.; Schmullius, C.

2012-04-01

To provide earth observation products in the area of Siberia, the Siberian Earth System Science Cluster (SIB-ESS-C) was established as a spatial data infrastructure at the University of Jena (Germany), Department for Earth Observation. This spatial data infrastructure implements standards published by the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) and the International Organizsation for Standardization (ISO) for data discovery, data access, data processing and data analysis. The objective of SIB-ESS-C is to faciliate environmental research and Earth system science in Siberia. The region for this project covers the entire Asian part of the Russian Federation approximately between 58°E - 170°W and 48°N - 80°N. To provide discovery, access and analysis services a webportal was published for searching and visualisation of available data. This webportal is based on current web technologies like AJAX, Drupal Content Management System as backend software and a user-friendly surface with Drag-n-Drop and further mouse events. To have a wide range of regular updated earth observation products, some products from sensor MODIS at the satellites Aqua and Terra were processed. A direct connection to NASA archive servers makes it possible to download MODIS Level 3 and 4 products and integrate it in the SIB-ESS-C infrastructure. These data can be downloaded in a file format called Hierarchical Data Format (HDF). For visualisation and further analysis, this data is reprojected, converted to GeoTIFF and global products clipped to the project area. All these steps are implemented as an automatic process chain. If new MODIS data is available within the infrastructure this process chain is executed. With the link to a MODIS catalogue system, the system gets new data daily. With the implemented analysis processes, timeseries data can be analysed, for example to plot a trend or different time series against one another. Scientists working in this area and working with MODIS data can make use

Earth: Earth Science and Health

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Maynard, Nancy G.

2001-01-01

A major new NASA initiative on environmental change and health has been established to promote the application of Earth science remote sensing data, information, observations, and technologies to issues of human health. NASA's Earth Sciences suite of Earth observing instruments are now providing improved observations science, data, and advanced technologies about the Earth's land, atmosphere, and oceans. These new space-based resources are being combined with other agency and university resources, data integration and fusion technologies, geographic information systems (GIS), and the spectrum of tools available from the public health community, making it possible to better understand how the environment and climate are linked to specific diseases, to improve outbreak prediction, and to minimize disease risk. This presentation is an overview of NASA's tools, capabilities, and research advances in this initiative.

46 CFR 380.2 - Filing applications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 8 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Filing applications. 380.2 Section 380.2 Shipping MARITIME ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION MISCELLANEOUS PROCEDURES Filing of Applications Under Section 805(a), 1936 Act § 380.2 Filing applications. (a) An applicant under section 805(a) shall file his...

48 CFR 1404.802 - Contract files.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Contract files. 1404.802 Section 1404.802 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE MATTERS Contract Files 1404.802 Contract files. In addition to the requirements in FAR 4.802, files shall...

48 CFR 1404.802 - Contract files.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Contract files. 1404.802 Section 1404.802 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE MATTERS Contract Files 1404.802 Contract files. In addition to the requirements in FAR 4.802, files shall...

48 CFR 1404.802 - Contract files.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Contract files. 1404.802 Section 1404.802 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE MATTERS Contract Files 1404.802 Contract files. In addition to the requirements in FAR 4.802, files shall...

48 CFR 1404.802 - Contract files.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Contract files. 1404.802 Section 1404.802 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE MATTERS Contract Files 1404.802 Contract files. In addition to the requirements in FAR 4.802, files shall...

48 CFR 1404.802 - Contract files.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Contract files. 1404.802 Section 1404.802 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE MATTERS Contract Files 1404.802 Contract files. In addition to the requirements in FAR 4.802, files shall...

Optimal Reorganization of NASA Earth Science Data for Enhanced Accessibility and Usability for the Hydrology Community

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Teng, William; Rui, Hualan; Strub, Richard; Vollmer, Bruce

2016-01-01

A long-standing "Digital Divide" in data representation exists between the preferred way of data access by the hydrology community and the common way of data archival by earth science data centers. Typically, in hydrology, earth surface features are expressed as discrete spatial objects (e.g., watersheds), and time-varying data are contained in associated time series. Data in earth science archives, although stored as discrete values (of satellite swath pixels or geographical grids), represent continuous spatial fields, one file per time step. This Divide has been an obstacle, specifically, between the Consortium of Universities for the Advancement of Hydrologic Science, Inc. and NASA earth science data systems. In essence, the way data are archived is conceptually orthogonal to the desired method of access. Our recent work has shown an optimal method of bridging the Divide, by enabling operational access to long-time series (e.g., 36 years of hourly data) of selected NASA datasets. These time series, which we have termed "data rods," are pre-generated or generated on-the-fly. This optimal solution was arrived at after extensive investigations of various approaches, including one based on "data curtains." The on-the-fly generation of data rods uses "data cubes," NASA Giovanni, and parallel processing. The optimal reorganization of NASA earth science data has significantly enhanced the access to and use of the data for the hydrology user community.

78 FR 21930 - Aquenergy Systems, Inc.; Notice of Intent To File License Application, Filing of Pre-Application...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-12

... Systems, Inc.; Notice of Intent To File License Application, Filing of Pre-Application Document, and Approving Use of the Traditional Licensing Process a. Type of Filing: Notice of Intent to File License...: November 11, 2012. d. Submitted by: Aquenergy Systems, Inc., a fully owned subsidiaries of Enel Green Power...

5 CFR 2422.5 - Filing petitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Filing petitions. 2422.5 Section 2422.5... FEDERAL LABOR RELATIONS AUTHORITY REPRESENTATION PROCEEDINGS § 2422.5 Filing petitions. (a) Where to file. Petitions must be filed with the Regional Director for the region in which the unit or employee(s) affected...

12 CFR 5.4 - Filing required.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Filing required. 5.4 Section 5.4 Banks and... CORPORATE ACTIVITIES Rules of General Applicability § 5.4 Filing required. (a) Filing. A depository... filings are available in the Manual and from each district office. (c) Other applications accepted. At the...

78 FR 46936 - Combined Notice of Filings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-02

...: Filings Instituting Proceedings Docket Numbers: RP13-1103-000. Applicants: Northern Border Pipeline Company. Description: ACA Filing 2013 to be effective 10/1/2013. Filed Date: 7/25/13. Accession Number... Gas Transmission System. Description: ACA Filing 2013 to be effective 10/1/2013. Filed Date: 7/25/13...

An Earth-sized planet with an Earth-like density.

PubMed

Pepe, Francesco; Cameron, Andrew Collier; Latham, David W; Molinari, Emilio; Udry, Stéphane; Bonomo, Aldo S; Buchhave, Lars A; Charbonneau, David; Cosentino, Rosario; Dressing, Courtney D; Dumusque, Xavier; Figueira, Pedro; Fiorenzano, Aldo F M; Gettel, Sara; Harutyunyan, Avet; Haywood, Raphaëlle D; Horne, Keith; Lopez-Morales, Mercedes; Lovis, Christophe; Malavolta, Luca; Mayor, Michel; Micela, Giusi; Motalebi, Fatemeh; Nascimbeni, Valerio; Phillips, David; Piotto, Giampaolo; Pollacco, Don; Queloz, Didier; Rice, Ken; Sasselov, Dimitar; Ségransan, Damien; Sozzetti, Alessandro; Szentgyorgyi, Andrew; Watson, Christopher A

2013-11-21

Recent analyses of data from the NASA Kepler spacecraft have established that planets with radii within 25 per cent of the Earth's (R Earth symbol) are commonplace throughout the Galaxy, orbiting at least 16.5 per cent of Sun-like stars. Because these studies were sensitive to the sizes of the planets but not their masses, the question remains whether these Earth-sized planets are indeed similar to the Earth in bulk composition. The smallest planets for which masses have been accurately determined are Kepler-10b (1.42 R Earth symbol) and Kepler-36b (1.49 R Earth symbol), which are both significantly larger than the Earth. Recently, the planet Kepler-78b was discovered and found to have a radius of only 1.16 R Earth symbol. Here we report that the mass of this planet is 1.86 Earth masses. The resulting mean density of the planet is 5.57 g cm(-3), which is similar to that of the Earth and implies a composition of iron and rock.

Intrex Subject/Title Inverted-File Characteristics.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Uemura, Syunsuke

The characteristics of the Intrex subject/title inverted file are analyzed. Basic statistics of the inverted file are presented including various distributions of the index words and terms from which the file was derived, and statistics on stems, the file growth process, and redundancy measurements. A study of stems both with extremely high and…

EarthServer - 3D Visualization on the Web

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wagner, Sebastian; Herzig, Pasquale; Bockholt, Ulrich; Jung, Yvonne; Behr, Johannes

2013-04-01

EarthServer (www.earthserver.eu), funded by the European Commission under its Seventh Framework Program, is a project to enable the management, access and exploration of massive, multi-dimensional datasets using Open GeoSpatial Consortium (OGC) query and processing language standards like WCS 2.0 and WCPS. To this end, a server/client architecture designed to handle Petabyte/Exabyte volumes of multi-dimensional data is being developed and deployed. As an important part of the EarthServer project, six Lighthouse Applications, major scientific data exploitation initiatives, are being established to make cross-domain, Earth Sciences related data repositories available in an open and unified manner, as service endpoints based on solutions and infrastructure developed within the project. Clients technology developed and deployed in EarthServer ranges from mobile and web clients to immersive virtual reality systems, all designed to interact with a physically and logically distributed server infrastructure using exclusively OGC standards. In this contribution, we would like to present our work on a web-based 3D visualization and interaction client for Earth Sciences data using only technology found in standard web browsers without requiring the user to install plugins or addons. Additionally, we are able to run the earth data visualization client on a wide range of different platforms with very different soft- and hardware requirements such as smart phones (e.g. iOS, Android), different desktop systems etc. High-quality, hardware-accelerated visualization of 3D and 4D content in standard web browsers can be realized now and we believe it will become more and more common to use this fast, lightweight and ubiquitous platform to provide insights into big datasets without requiring the user to set up a specialized client first. With that in mind, we will also point out some of the limitations we encountered using current web technologies. Underlying the EarthServer web client

Small file aggregation in a parallel computing system

DOEpatents

Faibish, Sorin; Bent, John M.; Tzelnic, Percy; Grider, Gary; Zhang, Jingwang

2014-09-02

Techniques are provided for small file aggregation in a parallel computing system. An exemplary method for storing a plurality of files generated by a plurality of processes in a parallel computing system comprises aggregating the plurality of files into a single aggregated file; and generating metadata for the single aggregated file. The metadata comprises an offset and a length of each of the plurality of files in the single aggregated file. The metadata can be used to unpack one or more of the files from the single aggregated file.

5 CFR 1203.13 - Filing pleadings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... delivery, by facsimile, or by e-filing in accordance with § 1201.14 of this chapter. If the document was... submitted by e-filing, it is considered to have been filed on the date of electronic submission. (e... 5 Administrative Personnel 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Filing pleadings. 1203.13 Section 1203.13...

18 CFR 385.2001 - Filings (Rule 2001).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Filings (Rule 2001... Filings in Proceedings Before the Commission § 385.2001 Filings (Rule 2001). (a) Filings with the... filing via the Internet pursuant to Rule 2003 through the links provided at http://www.ferc.gov. Note to...

Deceit: A flexible distributed file system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Siegel, Alex; Birman, Kenneth; Marzullo, Keith

1989-01-01

Deceit, a distributed file system (DFS) being developed at Cornell, focuses on flexible file semantics in relation to efficiency, scalability, and reliability. Deceit servers are interchangeable and collectively provide the illusion of a single, large server machine to any clients of the Deceit service. Non-volatile replicas of each file are stored on a subset of the file servers. The user is able to set parameters on a file to achieve different levels of availability, performance, and one-copy serializability. Deceit also supports a file version control mechanism. In contrast with many recent DFS efforts, Deceit can behave like a plain Sun Network File System (NFS) server and can be used by any NFS client without modifying any client software. The current Deceit prototype uses the ISIS Distributed Programming Environment for all communication and process group management, an approach that reduces system complexity and increases system robustness.

Cytoscape file of chemical networks

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The maximum connectivity scores of pairwise chemical conditions summarized from Cmap results in a file with Cytoscape format (http://www.cytoscape.org/). The figures in the publication were generated from this file. The Cytoscape file is formed from importing the eight text file therein.This dataset is associated with the following publication:Wang , R., A. Biales , N. Garcia-Reyero, E. Perkins, D. Villeneuve, G. Ankley, and D. Bencic. Fish Connectivity Mapping: Linking Chemical Stressors by Their MOA-Driven Transcriptomic Profiles. BMC Genomics. BioMed Central Ltd, London, UK, 17(84): 1-20, (2016).

17 CFR 232.13 - Date of filing; adjustment of filing date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... Standard Time or Eastern Daylight Saving Time, whichever is currently in effect, shall be deemed filed on.... Eastern Standard Time or Eastern Daylight Saving Time, whichever is currently in effect, shall be deemed... Daylight Savings Time, whichever is currently in effect, shall be deemed filed on the same business day. (4...

17 CFR 232.13 - Date of filing; adjustment of filing date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... Standard Time or Eastern Daylight Saving Time, whichever is currently in effect, shall be deemed filed on.... Eastern Standard Time or Eastern Daylight Saving Time, whichever is currently in effect, shall be deemed... Daylight Savings Time, whichever is currently in effect, shall be deemed filed on the same business day. (4...

17 CFR 232.13 - Date of filing; adjustment of filing date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... Standard Time or Eastern Daylight Saving Time, whichever is currently in effect, shall be deemed filed on.... Eastern Standard Time or Eastern Daylight Saving Time, whichever is currently in effect, shall be deemed... Daylight Savings Time, whichever is currently in effect, shall be deemed filed on the same business day. (4...

17 CFR 232.13 - Date of filing; adjustment of filing date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... Standard Time or Eastern Daylight Saving Time, whichever is currently in effect, shall be deemed filed on.... Eastern Standard Time or Eastern Daylight Saving Time, whichever is currently in effect, shall be deemed... Daylight Savings Time, whichever is currently in effect, shall be deemed filed on the same business day. (4...

49 CFR 1104.6 - Timely filing required.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... offers next day delivery to Washington, DC. If the e-filing option is chosen (for those pleadings and documents that are appropriate for e-filing, as determined by reference to the information on the Board's Web site), then the e-filed pleading or document is timely filed if the e-filing process is completed...

10 CFR 110.89 - Filing and service.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

...: Rulemakings and Adjudications Staff or via the E-Filing system, following the procedure set forth in 10 CFR 2.302. Filing by mail is complete upon deposit in the mail. Filing via the E-Filing system is completed... residence with some occupant of suitable age and discretion; (2) Following the requirements for E-Filing in...

7 CFR 989.23 - File.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 8 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false File. 989.23 Section 989.23 Agriculture Regulations of... CALIFORNIA Order Regulating Handling Definitions § 989.23 File. File means transmit or deliver to the... time: (a) Of actual receipt by the Secretary or committee in the event of personal delivery; (b) Of...

7 CFR 989.23 - File.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 8 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false File. 989.23 Section 989.23 Agriculture Regulations of... CALIFORNIA Order Regulating Handling Definitions § 989.23 File. File means transmit or deliver to the... time: (a) Of actual receipt by the Secretary or committee in the event of personal delivery; (b) Of...

12 CFR 908.25 - Filing of papers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 7 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Filing of papers. 908.25 Section 908.25 Banks... RULES OF PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE IN HEARINGS ON THE RECORD General Rules § 908.25 Filing of papers. (a) Filing. Any papers required to be filed shall be addressed to the presiding officer and filed with the...

12 CFR 908.25 - Filing of papers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 7 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Filing of papers. 908.25 Section 908.25 Banks... RULES OF PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE IN HEARINGS ON THE RECORD General Rules § 908.25 Filing of papers. (a) Filing. Any papers required to be filed shall be addressed to the presiding officer and filed with the...

77 FR 38279 - Combined Notice of Filings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-27

.... Description: CO2 Gas Quality Settlement Filing of Wyoming Interstate Company, LLC. Filed Date: 6/11/12.... Description: Fuel Filing to be effective 7/1/2012. Filed Date: 6/20/12. Accession Number: 20120620-5118...

40 CFR 22.5 - Filing, service, and form of all filed documents; business confidentiality claims.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Filing, service, and form of all filed... PENALTIES AND THE REVOCATION/TERMINATION OR SUSPENSION OF PERMITS General § 22.5 Filing, service, and form... association which is subject to suit under a common name, complainant shall serve an officer, partner, a...

77 FR 74839 - Combined Notice of Filings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-18

..., LP. Description: National Grid LNG, LP submits tariff filing per 154.203: Adoption of NAESB Version 2... with Order to Amend NAESB Version 2.0 Filing to be effective 12/1/2012. Filed Date: 12/11/12. Accession...: Refile to comply with Order on NAESB Version 2.0 Filing to be effective 12/1/2012. Filed Date: 12/11/12...

77 FR 103 - JD Products, LLC; Notice of Intent To File License Application, Filing of Pre-Application...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-03

... Commission strongly encourages electronic filing, documents may also be paper-filed. To paper-file, mail an... needed please contact Mr. David Pryor, Senior Environmental Scientist--California State Parks, at dpryor...

40 CFR 78.4 - Filings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... § 78.4 Filings. (a) All original filings made under this part shall be signed by the person making the... behalf of persons with an interest in allowances in a general account shall be signed by the authorized account representative. Any filings on behalf of owners and operators of a NOX Budget unit or source shall...

OnEarth: An Open Source Solution for Efficiently Serving High-Resolution Mapped Image Products

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Thompson, C. K.; Plesea, L.; Hall, J. R.; Roberts, J. T.; Cechini, M. F.; Schmaltz, J. E.; Alarcon, C.; Huang, T.; McGann, J. M.; Chang, G.; Boller, R. A.; Ilavajhala, S.; Murphy, K. J.; Bingham, A. W.

2013-12-01

This presentation introduces OnEarth, a server side software package originally developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), that facilitates network-based, minimum-latency geolocated image access independent of image size or spatial resolution. The key component in this package is the Meta Raster Format (MRF), a specialized raster file extension to the Geospatial Data Abstraction Library (GDAL) consisting of an internal indexed pyramid of image tiles. Imagery to be served is converted to the MRF format and made accessible online via an expandable set of server modules handling requests in several common protocols, including the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) compliant Web Map Tile Service (WMTS) as well as Tiled WMS and Keyhole Markup Language (KML). OnEarth has recently transitioned to open source status and is maintained and actively developed as part of GIBS (Global Imagery Browse Services), a collaborative project between JPL and Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). The primary function of GIBS is to enhance and streamline the data discovery process and to support near real-time (NRT) applications via the expeditious ingestion and serving of full-resolution imagery representing science products from across the NASA Earth Science spectrum. Open source software solutions are leveraged where possible in order to utilize existing available technologies, reduce development time, and enlist wider community participation. We will discuss some of the factors and decision points in transitioning OnEarth to a suitable open source paradigm, including repository and licensing agreement decision points, institutional hurdles, and perceived benefits. We will also provide examples illustrating how OnEarth is integrated within GIBS and other applications.

Merged Federal Files [Academic Year] 1978-79 [machine-readable data file].

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Center for Education Statistics (ED), Washington, DC.

The Merged Federal File for 1978-79 contains school district level data from the following six source files: (1) the Census of Governments' Survey of Local Government Finances--School Systems (F-33) (with 16,343 records merged); (2) the National Center for Education Statistics Survey of School Systems (School District Universe) (with 16,743…

12 CFR 303.8 - Public access to filing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... portions of a filing (the public file) until 180 days following final disposition of a filing. Following the 180-day period, non-confidential portions of an application file will be made available in accordance with ' 303.8(c). The public file generally consists of portions of the filing, supporting data...

12 CFR 303.8 - Public access to filing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... portions of a filing (the public file) until 180 days following final disposition of a filing. Following the 180-day period, non-confidential portions of an application file will be made available in accordance with ' 303.8(c). The public file generally consists of portions of the filing, supporting data...

Maintaining the momentum of Open Search in Earth Science Data discovery

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Newman, D. J.; Lynnes, C.

2013-12-01

Federated Search for Earth Observation data has been a hallmark of EOSDIS (Earth Observing System Data and Information System) for two decades. Originally, the EOSDIS Version 0 system provided both data-collection-level and granule/file-level search in the mid 1990s with EOSDIS-specific socket protocols and message formats. Since that time, the advent of several standards has helped to simplify EOSDIS federated search, beginning with HTTP as the transfer protocol. Most recently, OpenSearch (www.opensearch.org) was employed for the EOS Clearinghouse (ECHO), based on a set of conventions that had been developed within the Earth Science Information Partners (ESIP) Federation. The ECHO OpenSearch API has evolved to encompass the ESIP RFC and the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) Open Search standard. Uptake of the ECHO Open Search API has been significant and has made ECHO accessible to client developers that found the previous ECHO SOAP API and current REST API too complex. Client adoption of the OpenSearch API appears to be largely driven by the simplicity of the OpenSearch convention. This simplicity is thus important to retain as the standard and convention evolve. For example, ECHO metrics indicate that the vast majority of ECHO users favor the following search criteria when using the REST API, - Spatial - bounding box, polygon, line and point - Temporal - start and end time - Keywords - free text Fewer than 10% of searches use additional constraints, particularly those requiring a controlled vocabulary, such as instrument, sensor, etc. This suggests that ongoing standardization efforts around OpenSearch usage for Earth Observation data may be more productive if oriented toward improving support for the Spatial, Temporal and Keyword search aspects. Areas still requiring improvement include support of - Concrete requirements for keyword constraints - Phrasal search for keyword constraints - Temporal constraint relations - Terminological symmetry between search URLs

Discover Earth

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Steele, Colleen

1998-01-01

Discover Earth is a NASA-sponsored project for teachers of grades 5-12, designed to: (1) enhance understanding of the Earth as an integrated system; (2) enhance the interdisciplinary approach to science instruction; and (3) provide classroom materials that focus on those goals. Discover Earth is conducted by the Institute for Global Environmental Strategies in collaboration with Dr. Eric Barron, Director, Earth System Science Center, The Pennsylvania State University; and Dr. Robert Hudson, Chair, the Department of Meteorology, University of Maryland at College Park. The enclosed materials: (1) represent only part of the Discover Earth materials; (2) were developed by classroom teachers who are participating in the Discover Earth project; (3) utilize an investigative approach and on-line data; and (4) can be effectively adjusted to classrooms with greater/without technology access. The Discover Earth classroom materials focus on the Earth system and key issues of global climate change including topics such as the greenhouse effect, clouds and Earth's radiation balance, surface hydrology and land cover, and volcanoes and climate change. All the materials developed to date are available on line at (http://www.strategies.org) You are encouraged to submit comments and recommendations about these materials to the Discover Earth project manager, contact information is listed below. You are welcome to duplicate all these materials.

77 FR 51985 - Archon Energy 1, Inc.; Notice of Intent To File License Application, Filing of Pre-Application...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-28

..., Inc.; Notice of Intent To File License Application, Filing of Pre-Application Document, and Approving... Application and Request to Use the Traditional Licensing Process. b. Project No.: 14432-000. c. Date Filed... Endangered Species Act. m. Archon filed a Pre-Application Document (PAD) with the Commission, pursuant to 18...

77 FR 61585 - FPL Energy Maine Hydro LLC; Notice of Intent To File License Application, Filing of Pre...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-10

... Hydro LLC; Notice of Intent To File License Application, Filing of Pre-Application Document (PAD... Application for a New License and Commencing Pre-filing Process. b. Project No.: 2531-067. c. Dated Filed... Commission a Pre-Application Document (PAD; including a proposed process plan and schedule), pursuant to 18...

77 FR 61584 - FFP Missouri 12, LLC; Notice of Intent To File License Application, Filing of Pre-Application...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-10

..., LLC; Notice of Intent To File License Application, Filing of Pre-Application Document, and Approving... Application and Request to Use the Traditional Licensing Process. b. Project No.: 13755-001. c. Date Filed.... m. Free Flow Power filed a Pre-Application Document (PAD; including a proposed process plan and...

The measurement of Earth rotation on a deformable Earth

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cannon, W. H.

1980-01-01

Until recently, the methods of geodetic positioning on the Earth were limited to a precision of roughly one part in 10 to the 6th power. At this level of precision, the Earth can be regarded as a rigid body since the largest departure of the Earth from rigidity is manifested in the strains of the Earth tides which are of the order of one part in 10 to the 7th power. Long baseline interferometry is expected to routinely provide global positioning to a precision of one part in 10 to the 8th power or better. At this level of precision, all parts of the Earth's surface must be regarded as being, at least potentially, in continual motion relative to the geocenter as a result of a variety of geophysical effects. The general implications of this phenomenon for the theory of the Earth's rotation is discussed. Particular attention is given to the question of the measurement of the 'Earth's rotation vector' on a deformable Earth.

Virtual file system for PSDS

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Runnels, Tyson D.

1993-01-01

This is a case study. It deals with the use of a 'virtual file system' (VFS) for Boeing's UNIX-based Product Standards Data System (PSDS). One of the objectives of PSDS is to store digital standards documents. The file-storage requirements are that the files must be rapidly accessible, stored for long periods of time - as though they were paper, protected from disaster, and accumulative to about 80 billion characters (80 gigabytes). This volume of data will be approached in the first two years of the project's operation. The approach chosen is to install a hierarchical file migration system using optical disk cartridges. Files are migrated from high-performance media to lower performance optical media based on a least-frequency-used algorithm. The optical media are less expensive per character stored and are removable. Vital statistics about the removable optical disk cartridges are maintained in a database. The assembly of hardware and software acts as a single virtual file system transparent to the PSDS user. The files are copied to 'backup-and-recover' media whose vital statistics are also stored in the database. Seventeen months into operation, PSDS is storing 49 gigabytes. A number of operational and performance problems were overcome. Costs are under control. New and/or alternative uses for the VFS are being considered.

75 FR 81594 - Combined Notice of Filings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-28

... Pipeline Company submits tariff filing per 154.204: RP11-20 TOC Update to be effective 10/1/2010. Filed... filing per 154.204: RP11-1474 TOC Update to be effective 11/1/2010. Filed Date: 12/16/2010. Accession...

[Master files: less paper, more substance. Special rules for special medicines: Plasma Master File and Vaccine Antigen Master File].

PubMed

Seitz, Rainer; Haase, M

2008-07-01

The process of reviewing the European pharmaceutical legislation resulted in a codex, which contains two new instruments related to marketing authorisation of biological medicines: Plasma Master File (PMF) and Vaccine Antigen Master File (VAMF). In the manufacture of plasma derivatives (e. g. coagulation factors, albumin, immunoglobulins), usually the same starting material, i. e. a plasma pool, is used for several products. In the case of vaccines, the same active substance, i.e. vaccine antigen, may be included in several combination vaccine products. The intention behind the introduction of PMF and VAMF was to avoid unnecessary and redundant documentation, and to improve and harmonise assessment by means of procedures for certification of master files on the community level.

76 FR 49761 - Combined Notice of Filings #1

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-11

... Operator, Inc. submits tariff filing per 35.13(a)(2)(iii: Filing of Notice of Succession to Interconnection.... submits tariff filing per 35.13(a)(2)(iii: Filing of Notice of Succession of ITC Midwest to be effective.... submits tariff filing per 35.13(a)(2)(iii: Notice of Succession to be effective 10/4/2011. Filed Date: 08...

77 FR 23708 - Combined Notice of Filings #2

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-20

... Company submits tariff filing per 35.13(a)(2)(iii: 7--20120413 OPCo OATT Conc to be effective 1/1/2012... tariff filing per 35: ER12-247 Compliance Filing to be effective 4/20/2011. Filed Date: 4/13/12... Compliance Filing to be effective 4/20/2011. Filed Date: 4/13/12. Accession Number: 20120413-5145. Comments...

Root canal shaping with manual stainless steel files and rotary Ni-Ti files performed by students.

PubMed

Sonntag, D; Guntermann, A; Kim, S K; Stachniss, V

2003-04-01

To investigate root canal shaping with manual stainless steel files and rotary Ni-Ti files by students. Two hundred and ten simulated root canals with the same geometrical shape and size in acrylic resin blocks were prepared by 21 undergraduate dental students with manual stainless steel files using a stepback technique or with rotary Ni-Ti files in crown-down technique. Preparation length, canal shape, incidence of fracture and preparation time were investigated. Zips and elbows occurred significantly (P < 0.001) less frequently with rotary than with manual preparation. The correct preparation length was achieved significantly (P < 0.05) more often with rotary Ni-Ti files than with manual stainless steel files. Fractures occurred significantly (P < 0.05) less frequently with hand instrumentation. The mean time required for manual preparation was significantly (P < 0.001) longer than that required for rotary preparation. Prior experience with a hand preparation technique was not reflected in an improved quality of the subsequent engine-driven preparation. Inexperienced operators achieved better canal preparations with rotary Ni-Ti instruments than with manual stainless steel files. However, rotary preparation was associated with significantly more fractures.

DMFS: A Data Migration File System for NetBSD

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Studenmund, William

1999-01-01

I have recently developed dmfs, a Data Migration File System, for NetBSD. This file system is based on the overlay file system, which is discussed in a separate paper, and provides kernel support for the data migration system being developed by my research group here at NASA/Ames. The file system utilizes an underlying file store to provide the file backing, and coordinates user and system access to the files. It stores its internal meta data in a flat file, which resides on a separate file system. Our data migration system provides archiving and file migration services. System utilities scan the dmfs file system for recently modified files, and archive them to two separate tape stores. Once a file has been doubly archived, files larger than a specified size will be truncated to that size, potentially freeing up large amounts of the underlying file store. Some sites will choose to retain none of the file (deleting its contents entirely from the file system) while others may choose to retain a portion, for instance a preamble describing the remainder of the file. The dmfs layer coordinates access to the file, retaining user-perceived access and modification times, file size, and restricting access to partially migrated files to the portion actually resident. When a user process attempts to read from the non-resident portion of a file, it is blocked and the dmfs layer sends a request to a system daemon to restore the file. As more of the file becomes resident, the user process is permitted to begin accessing the now-resident portions of the file. For simplicity, our data migration system divides a file into two portions, a resident portion followed by an optional non-resident portion. Also, a file is in one of three states: fully resident, fully resident and archived, and (partially) non-resident and archived. For a file which is only partially resident, any attempt to write or truncate the file, or to read a non-resident portion, will trigger a file restoration

18 CFR 35.7 - Electronic filing requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Electronic filing... § 35.7 Electronic filing requirements. (a) General rule. All filings made in proceedings initiated... declarations or statements and electronic signatures. (c) Format requirements for electronic filing. The...

18 CFR 35.7 - Electronic filing requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Electronic filing... § 35.7 Electronic filing requirements. (a) General rule. All filings made in proceedings initiated... declarations or statements and electronic signatures. (c) Format requirements for electronic filing. The...

18 CFR 35.7 - Electronic filing requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Electronic filing... § 35.7 Electronic filing requirements. (a) General rule. All filings made in proceedings initiated... declarations or statements and electronic signatures. (c) Format requirements for electronic filing. The...

18 CFR 35.7 - Electronic filing requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Electronic filing... § 35.7 Electronic filing requirements. (a) General rule. All filings made in proceedings initiated... declarations or statements and electronic signatures. (c) Format requirements for electronic filing. The...

78 FR 21925 - Combined Notice of Filings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-12

... comment date. The filings are accessible in the Commission's eLibrary system by clicking on the links or querying the docket number. eFiling is encouraged. More detailed information relating to filing... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Combined Notice of Filings Take notice...

File concepts for parallel I/O

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Crockett, Thomas W.

1989-01-01

The subject of input/output (I/O) was often neglected in the design of parallel computer systems, although for many problems I/O rates will limit the speedup attainable. The I/O problem is addressed by considering the role of files in parallel systems. The notion of parallel files is introduced. Parallel files provide for concurrent access by multiple processes, and utilize parallelism in the I/O system to improve performance. Parallel files can also be used conventionally by sequential programs. A set of standard parallel file organizations is proposed, organizations are suggested, using multiple storage devices. Problem areas are also identified and discussed.

Preservation of root canal anatomy using self-adjusting file instrumentation with glide path prepared by 20/0.02 hand files versus 20/0.04 rotary files

PubMed Central

Jain, Niharika; Pawar, Ajinkya M.; Ukey, Piyush D.; Jain, Prashant K.; Thakur, Bhagyashree; Gupta, Abhishek

2017-01-01

Objectives: To compare the relative axis modification and canal concentricity after glide path preparation with 20/0.02 hand K-file (NITIFLEX®) and 20/0.04 rotary file (HyFlex™ CM) with subsequent instrumentation with 1.5 mm self-adjusting file (SAF). Materials and Methods: One hundred and twenty ISO 15, 0.02 taper, Endo Training Blocks (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) were acquired and randomly divided into following two groups (n = 60): group 1, establishing glide path till 20/0.02 hand K-file (NITIFLEX®) followed by instrumentation with 1.5 mm SAF; and Group 2, establishing glide path till 20/0.04 rotary file (HyFlex™ CM) followed by instrumentation with 1.5 mm SAF. Pre- and post-instrumentation digital images were processed with MATLAB R 2013 software to identify the central axis, and then superimposed using digital imaging software (Picasa 3.0 software, Google Inc., California, USA) taking five landmarks as reference points. Student's t-test for pairwise comparisons was applied with the level of significance set at 0.05. Results: Training blocks instrumented with 20/0.04 rotary file and SAF were associated less deviation in canal axis (at all the five marked points), representing better canal concentricity compared to those, in which glide path was established by 20/0.02 hand K-files followed by SAF instrumentation. Conclusion: Canal geometry is better maintained after SAF instrumentation with a prior glide path established with 20/0.04 rotary file. PMID:28855752

76 FR 41331 - Application Filing Requirements

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-13

... DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY Office of Thrift Supervision Application Filing Requirements AGENCY... following information collection. Title of Proposal: Application Filing Requirements. OMB Number: 1550-0056. Form Number: N/A. Description: OTS regulations require that applications, notices, or other filings...

78 FR 57374 - Combined Notice of Filings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-18

...: Kinetica Energy Express, LLC. Description: Kinetica Energy Express, LLC submits tariff filing per 154.203: Kinetica Energy Express LLC--FERC Gas Tariff--Volume 1 A Baseline Filing to be effective 9/1/2013. Filed... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Combined Notice of Filings Take notice...

Uncoupling File System Components for Bridging Legacy and Modern Storage Architectures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Golpayegani, N.; Halem, M.; Tilmes, C.; Prathapan, S.; Earp, D. N.; Ashkar, J. S.

2016-12-01

Long running Earth Science projects can span decades of architectural changes in both processing and storage environments. As storage architecture designs change over decades such projects need to adjust their tools, systems, and expertise to properly integrate such new technologies with their legacy systems. Traditional file systems lack the necessary support to accommodate such hybrid storage infrastructure resulting in more complex tool development to encompass all possible storage architectures used for the project. The MODIS Adaptive Processing System (MODAPS) and the Level 1 and Atmospheres Archive and Distribution System (LAADS) is an example of a project spanning several decades which has evolved into a hybrid storage architecture. MODAPS/LAADS has developed the Lightweight Virtual File System (LVFS) which ensures a seamless integration of all the different storage architectures, including standard block based POSIX compliant storage disks, to object based architectures such as the S3 compliant HGST Active Archive System, and the Seagate Kinetic disks utilizing the Kinetic Protocol. With LVFS, all analysis and processing tools used for the project continue to function unmodified regardless of the underlying storage architecture enabling MODAPS/LAADS to easily integrate any new storage architecture without the costly need to modify existing tools to utilize such new systems. Most file systems are designed as a single application responsible for using metadata to organizing the data into a tree, determine the location for data storage, and a method of data retrieval. We will show how LVFS' unique approach of treating these components in a loosely coupled fashion enables it to merge different storage architectures into a single uniform storage system which bridges the underlying hybrid architecture.

Evaluation of canal transportation after preparation with Reciproc single-file systems with or without glide path files.

PubMed

Aydin, Ugur; Karataslioglu, Emrah

2017-01-01

Canal transportation is a common sequel caused by rotary instruments. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the degree of transportation after the use of Reciproc single-file instruments with or without glide path files. Thirty resin blocks with L-shaped canals were divided into three groups ( n = 10). Group 1 - canals were prepared with Reciproc-25 file. Group 2 - glide path file-G1 was used before Reciproc. Group 3 - glide path files-G1 and G2 were used before Reciproc. Pre- and post-instrumentation images were superimposed under microscope, and resin removed from the inner and outer surfaces of the root canal was calculated throughout 10 points. Statistical analysis was performed with Kruskal-Wallis test and post hoc Dunn test. For coronal and middle one-thirds, there was no significant difference among groups ( P > 0.05). For apical section, transportation of Group 1 was significantly higher than other groups ( P < 0.05). Using glide path files before Reciproc single-file system reduced the degree of apical canal transportation.

Learning from LANCE: Developing a Web Portal Infrastructure for NASA Earth Science Data (Invited)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Murphy, K. J.

2013-12-01

NASA developed the Land Atmosphere Near real-time Capability for EOS (LANCE) in response to a growing need for timely satellite observations by applications users, operational agencies and researchers. EOS capabilities originally intended for long-term Earth science research were modified to deliver satellite data products with sufficient latencies to meet the needs of the NRT user communities. LANCE products are primarily distributed as HDF data files for analysis, however novel capabilities for distribution of NRT imagery for visualization have been added which have expanded the user base. Additionally systems to convert data to information such as the MODIS hotspot/active fire data are also provided through the Fire Information for Resource Management System (FIRMS). LANCE services include: FTP/HTTP file distribution, Rapid Response (RR), Worldview, Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS) and FIRMS. This paper discusses how NASA has developed services specifically for LANCE and is taking the lessons learned through these activities to develop an Earthdata Web Infrastructure. This infrastructure is being used as a platform to support development of data portals that address specific science issues for much of EOSDIS data.

22 CFR 123.22 - Filing, retention, and return of export licenses and filing of export information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Filing, retention, and return of export licenses and filing of export information. 123.22 Section 123.22 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC IN ARMS REGULATIONS LICENSES FOR THE EXPORT OF DEFENSE ARTICLES § 123.22 Filing, retention...

22 CFR 123.22 - Filing, retention, and return of export licenses and filing of export information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Filing, retention, and return of export licenses and filing of export information. 123.22 Section 123.22 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC IN ARMS REGULATIONS LICENSES FOR THE EXPORT OF DEFENSE ARTICLES § 123.22 Filing, retention...

22 CFR 123.22 - Filing, retention, and return of export licenses and filing of export information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Filing, retention, and return of export licenses and filing of export information. 123.22 Section 123.22 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC IN ARMS REGULATIONS LICENSES FOR THE EXPORT OF DEFENSE ARTICLES § 123.22 Filing, retention...

22 CFR 123.22 - Filing, retention, and return of export licenses and filing of export information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Filing, retention, and return of export licenses and filing of export information. 123.22 Section 123.22 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC IN ARMS REGULATIONS LICENSES FOR THE EXPORT OF DEFENSE ARTICLES § 123.22 Filing, retention...

IDP camp evolvement analysis in Darfur using VHSR optical satellite image time series and scientific visualization on virtual globes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tiede, Dirk; Lang, Stefan

2010-11-01

In this paper we focus on the application of transferable, object-based image analysis algorithms for dwelling extraction in a camp for internally displaced people (IDP) in Darfur, Sudan along with innovative means for scientific visualisation of the results. Three very high spatial resolution satellite images (QuickBird: 2002, 2004, 2008) were used for: (1) extracting different types of dwellings and (2) calculating and visualizing added-value products such as dwelling density and camp structure. The results were visualized on virtual globes (Google Earth and ArcGIS Explorer) revealing the analysis results (analytical 3D views,) transformed into the third dimension (z-value). Data formats depend on virtual globe software including KML/KMZ (keyhole mark-up language) and ESRI 3D shapefiles streamed as ArcGIS Server-based globe service. In addition, means for improving overall performance of automated dwelling structures using grid computing techniques are discussed using examples from a similar study.

10 CFR 2.302 - Filing of documents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... this part shall be electronically transmitted through the E-Filing system, unless the Commission or... all methods of filing have been completed. (e) For filings by electronic transmission, the filer must... digital ID certificates, the NRC permits participants in the proceeding to access the E-Filing system to...

77 FR 1481 - Combined Notice of Filings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-10

...: Filings Instituting Proceedings Docket Numbers: RP12-276-000. Applicants: Gulf Crossing Pipeline Company LLC. Description: Gulf Crossing Pipeline Company LLC submits tariff filing per 154.204: Antero 2 to Tenaska 243 Capacity Release Negotiated Rate Agreement Filing to be effective 1/1/2012. Filed Date: 1/3/12...

78 FR 55246 - Combined Notice of Filings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-10

... that the Commission has received the following Natural Gas Pipeline Rate and Refund Report filings: Filings Instituting Proceedings Docket Numbers: RP13-1290-000. Applicants: MoGas Pipeline LLC. Description: Annual Fuel and Gas Loss Retention Percentage Adjustment Filing to be effective 10/1/2013. Filed Date: 8...

48 CFR 204.802 - Contract files.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Contract files. 204.802 Section 204.802 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEFENSE ACQUISITION REGULATIONS SYSTEM, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE MATTERS Contract Files 204.802 Contract files. Official contract...

48 CFR 204.802 - Contract files.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Contract files. 204.802 Section 204.802 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEFENSE ACQUISITION REGULATIONS SYSTEM, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE MATTERS Contract Files 204.802 Contract files. Official contract...

48 CFR 204.802 - Contract files.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Contract files. 204.802 Section 204.802 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEFENSE ACQUISITION REGULATIONS SYSTEM, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE MATTERS Contract Files 204.802 Contract files. Official contract...

48 CFR 204.802 - Contract files.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Contract files. 204.802 Section 204.802 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEFENSE ACQUISITION REGULATIONS SYSTEM, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE MATTERS Contract Files 204.802 Contract files. Official contract...

48 CFR 204.802 - Contract files.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Contract files. 204.802 Section 204.802 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEFENSE ACQUISITION REGULATIONS SYSTEM, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE MATTERS Contract Files 204.802 Contract files. Official contract...

High School and Beyond: Twins and Siblings' File Users' Manual, User's Manual for Teacher Comment File, Friends File Users' Manual.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Center for Education Statistics (ED), Washington, DC.

These three users' manuals are for specific files of the High School and Beyond Study, a national longitudinal study of high school sophomores and seniors in 1980. The three files are computerized databases that are available on magnetic tape. As one component of base year data collection, information identifying twins, triplets, and some non-twin…

32 CFR 727.14 - Files and records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 32 National Defense 5 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Files and records. 727.14 Section 727.14 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY PERSONNEL LEGAL ASSISTANCE § 727.14 Files and records. (a) Case files. The material contained in legal assistance case files is...

19 CFR 201.8 - Filing of documents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 3 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Filing of documents. 201.8 Section 201.8 Customs Duties UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION GENERAL RULES OF GENERAL APPLICATION Initiation and Conduct of Investigations § 201.8 Filing of documents. (a) Applicability; where to file; date of filing...

19 CFR 201.8 - Filing of documents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 3 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Filing of documents. 201.8 Section 201.8 Customs Duties UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION GENERAL RULES OF GENERAL APPLICATION Initiation and Conduct of Investigations § 201.8 Filing of documents. (a) Applicability; where to file; date of filing...

77 FR 20812 - Combined Notice of Filings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-06

...: Trailblazer Pipeline Company LLC. Description: Negotiated Rate Filing--United Energy to be effective 4/1/2012... Company, LP. Description: Sequent 39412 Negotiated Rate Agreement Filing to be effective 4/1/2012. Filed... Energy Company FA0845 to be effective 4/1/ 2012. Filed Date: 3/29/12. Accession Number: 20120329-5032...

Earth as an Extrasolar Planet: Earth Model Validation Using EPOXI Earth Observations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Robinson, Tyler D.; Meadows, Victoria S.; Crisp, David; Deming, Drake; A'Hearn, Michael F.; Charbonneau, David; Livengood, Timothy A.; Seager, Sara; Barry, Richard; Hearty, Thomas;

Earth as an Extrasolar Planet: Earth Model Validation Using EPOXI Earth Observations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Robinson, Tyler D.; Meadows, Victoria S.; Crisp, David; Deming, Drake; A'Hearn, Michael F.; Charbonneau, David; Livengood, Timothy A.; Seager, Sara; Barry, Richard K.; Hearty, Thomas; Hewagama, Tilak; Lisse, Carey M.; McFadden, Lucy A.; Wellnitz, Dennis D.

2011-06-01

The EPOXI Discovery Mission of Opportunity reused the Deep Impact flyby spacecraft to obtain spatially and temporally resolved visible photometric and moderate resolution near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopic observations of Earth. These remote observations provide a rigorous validation of whole-disk Earth model simulations used to better understand remotely detectable extrasolar planet characteristics. We have used these data to upgrade, correct, and validate the NASA Astrobiology Institute's Virtual Planetary Laboratory three-dimensional line-by-line, multiple-scattering spectral Earth model. This comprehensive model now includes specular reflectance from the ocean and explicitly includes atmospheric effects such as Rayleigh scattering, gas absorption, and temperature structure. We have used this model to generate spatially and temporally resolved synthetic spectra and images of Earth for the dates of EPOXI observation. Model parameters were varied to yield an optimum fit to the data. We found that a minimum spatial resolution of ∼100 pixels on the visible disk, and four categories of water clouds, which were defined by using observed cloud positions and optical thicknesses, were needed to yield acceptable fits. The validated model provides a simultaneous fit to Earth's lightcurve, absolute brightness, and spectral data, with a root-mean-square (RMS) error of typically less than 3% for the multiwavelength lightcurves and residuals of ∼10% for the absolute brightness throughout the visible and NIR spectral range. We have extended our validation into the mid-infrared by comparing the model to high spectral resolution observations of Earth from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder, obtaining a fit with residuals of ∼7% and brightness temperature errors of less than 1 K in the atmospheric window. For the purpose of understanding the observable characteristics of the distant Earth at arbitrary viewing geometry and observing cadence, our validated forward model can be

Earth as an extrasolar planet: Earth model validation using EPOXI earth observations.

PubMed

Robinson, Tyler D; Meadows, Victoria S; Crisp, David; Deming, Drake; A'hearn, Michael F; Charbonneau, David; Livengood, Timothy A; Seager, Sara; Barry, Richard K; Hearty, Thomas; Hewagama, Tilak; Lisse, Carey M; McFadden, Lucy A; Wellnitz, Dennis D

2011-06-01

The EPOXI Discovery Mission of Opportunity reused the Deep Impact flyby spacecraft to obtain spatially and temporally resolved visible photometric and moderate resolution near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopic observations of Earth. These remote observations provide a rigorous validation of whole-disk Earth model simulations used to better understand remotely detectable extrasolar planet characteristics. We have used these data to upgrade, correct, and validate the NASA Astrobiology Institute's Virtual Planetary Laboratory three-dimensional line-by-line, multiple-scattering spectral Earth model. This comprehensive model now includes specular reflectance from the ocean and explicitly includes atmospheric effects such as Rayleigh scattering, gas absorption, and temperature structure. We have used this model to generate spatially and temporally resolved synthetic spectra and images of Earth for the dates of EPOXI observation. Model parameters were varied to yield an optimum fit to the data. We found that a minimum spatial resolution of ∼100 pixels on the visible disk, and four categories of water clouds, which were defined by using observed cloud positions and optical thicknesses, were needed to yield acceptable fits. The validated model provides a simultaneous fit to Earth's lightcurve, absolute brightness, and spectral data, with a root-mean-square (RMS) error of typically less than 3% for the multiwavelength lightcurves and residuals of ∼10% for the absolute brightness throughout the visible and NIR spectral range. We have extended our validation into the mid-infrared by comparing the model to high spectral resolution observations of Earth from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder, obtaining a fit with residuals of ∼7% and brightness temperature errors of less than 1 K in the atmospheric window. For the purpose of understanding the observable characteristics of the distant Earth at arbitrary viewing geometry and observing cadence, our validated forward model can be

Earth as an Extrasolar Planet: Earth Model Validation Using EPOXI Earth Observations

PubMed Central

Meadows, Victoria S.; Crisp, David; Deming, Drake; A'Hearn, Michael F.; Charbonneau, David; Livengood, Timothy A.; Seager, Sara; Barry, Richard K.; Hearty, Thomas; Hewagama, Tilak; Lisse, Carey M.; McFadden, Lucy A.; Wellnitz, Dennis D.

2011-01-01

Abstract The EPOXI Discovery Mission of Opportunity reused the Deep Impact flyby spacecraft to obtain spatially and temporally resolved visible photometric and moderate resolution near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopic observations of Earth. These remote observations provide a rigorous validation of whole-disk Earth model simulations used to better understand remotely detectable extrasolar planet characteristics. We have used these data to upgrade, correct, and validate the NASA Astrobiology Institute's Virtual Planetary Laboratory three-dimensional line-by-line, multiple-scattering spectral Earth model. This comprehensive model now includes specular reflectance from the ocean and explicitly includes atmospheric effects such as Rayleigh scattering, gas absorption, and temperature structure. We have used this model to generate spatially and temporally resolved synthetic spectra and images of Earth for the dates of EPOXI observation. Model parameters were varied to yield an optimum fit to the data. We found that a minimum spatial resolution of ∼100 pixels on the visible disk, and four categories of water clouds, which were defined by using observed cloud positions and optical thicknesses, were needed to yield acceptable fits. The validated model provides a simultaneous fit to Earth's lightcurve, absolute brightness, and spectral data, with a root-mean-square (RMS) error of typically less than 3% for the multiwavelength lightcurves and residuals of ∼10% for the absolute brightness throughout the visible and NIR spectral range. We have extended our validation into the mid-infrared by comparing the model to high spectral resolution observations of Earth from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder, obtaining a fit with residuals of ∼7% and brightness temperature errors of less than 1 K in the atmospheric window. For the purpose of understanding the observable characteristics of the distant Earth at arbitrary viewing geometry and observing cadence, our validated forward

77 FR 35371 - Combined Notice of Filings #1

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-13

... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Combined Notice of Filings 1 Take notice.... Applicants: Duke Energy Miami Fort, LLC. Description: MBR Filing to be effective 10/1/2012. Filed Date: 6/5...-000. Applicants: Duke Energy Piketon, LLC. Description: MBR Filing to be effective 10/1/2012. Filed...

47 CFR 2.1205 - Filing of required declaration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Interference § 2.1205 Filing of required declaration. (a) For points of entry where electronic filing with... electronic filing with Customs is available, submit the following information to Customs when filing the... Customs for electronic filing. (i) The terms under which the device is being imported, as indicated by...

TerraFERMA: Harnessing Advanced Computational Libraries in Earth Science

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wilson, C. R.; Spiegelman, M.; van Keken, P.

2012-12-01

Many important problems in Earth sciences can be described by non-linear coupled systems of partial differential equations. These "multi-physics" problems include thermo-chemical convection in Earth and planetary interiors, interactions of fluids and magmas with the Earth's mantle and crust and coupled flow of water and ice. These problems are of interest to a large community of researchers but are complicated to model and understand. Much of this complexity stems from the nature of multi-physics where small changes in the coupling between variables or constitutive relations can lead to radical changes in behavior, which in turn affect critical computational choices such as discretizations, solvers and preconditioners. To make progress in understanding such coupled systems requires a computational framework where multi-physics problems can be described at a high-level while maintaining the flexibility to easily modify the solution algorithm. Fortunately, recent advances in computational science provide a basis for implementing such a framework. Here we present the Transparent Finite Element Rapid Model Assembler (TerraFERMA), which leverages several advanced open-source libraries for core functionality. FEniCS (fenicsproject.org) provides a high level language for describing the weak forms of coupled systems of equations, and an automatic code generator that produces finite element assembly code. PETSc (www.mcs.anl.gov/petsc) provides a wide range of scalable linear and non-linear solvers that can be composed into effective multi-physics preconditioners. SPuD (amcg.ese.ic.ac.uk/Spud) is an application neutral options system that provides both human and machine-readable interfaces based on a single xml schema. Our software integrates these libraries and provides the user with a framework for exploring multi-physics problems. A single options file fully describes the problem, including all equations, coefficients and solver options. Custom compiled applications are

Earth From Space: "Beautiful Earth's" Integration of Media Arts, Earth Science, and Native Wisdom in Informal Learning Environments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Casasanto, V.; Hallowell, R.; Williams, K.; Rock, J.; Markus, T.

2015-12-01

"Beautiful Earth: Experiencing and Learning Science in an Engaging Way" was a 3-year project funded by NASA's Competitive Opportunities in Education and Public Outreach for Earth and Space Science. An outgrowth of Kenji Williams' BELLA GAIA performance, Beautiful Earth fostered a new approach to teaching by combining live music, data visualizations and Earth science with indigenous perspectives, and hands-on workshops for K-12 students at 5 science centers. Inspired by the "Overview Effect," described by many astronauts who were awestruck by seeing the Earth from space and their realization of the profound interconnectedness of Earth's life systems, Beautiful Earth leveraged the power of multimedia performance to serve as a springboard to engage K-12 students in hands-on Earth science and Native wisdom workshops. Results will be presented regarding student perceptions of Earth science, environmental issues, and indigenous ways of knowing from 3 years of evaluation data.

Reporting Differences Between Spacecraft Sequence Files

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Khanampompan, Teerapat; Gladden, Roy E.; Fisher, Forest W.

2010-01-01

A suite of computer programs, called seq diff suite, reports differences between the products of other computer programs involved in the generation of sequences of commands for spacecraft. These products consist of files of several types: replacement sequence of events (RSOE), DSN keyword file [DKF (wherein DSN signifies Deep Space Network)], spacecraft activities sequence file (SASF), spacecraft sequence file (SSF), and station allocation file (SAF). These products can include line numbers, request identifications, and other pieces of information that are not relevant when generating command sequence products, though these fields can result in the appearance of many changes to the files, particularly when using the UNIX diff command to inspect file differences. The outputs of prior software tools for reporting differences between such products include differences in these non-relevant pieces of information. In contrast, seq diff suite removes the fields containing the irrelevant pieces of information before processing to extract differences, so that only relevant differences are reported. Thus, seq diff suite is especially useful for reporting changes between successive versions of the various products and in particular flagging difference in fields relevant to the sequence command generation and review process.

Personal File Management for the Health Sciences.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Apostle, Lynne

Written as an introduction to the concepts of creating a personal or reprint file, this workbook discusses both manual and computerized systems, with emphasis on the preliminary groundwork that needs to be done before starting any filing system. A file assessment worksheet is provided; considerations in developing a personal filing system are…

12 CFR 509.10 - Filing of papers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Filing of papers. 509.10 Section 509.10 Banks... IN ADJUDICATORY PROCEEDINGS Uniform Rules of Practice and Procedure § 509.10 Filing of papers. (a) Filing. Any papers required to be filed, excluding documents produced in response to a discovery request...

12 CFR 509.10 - Filing of papers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 5 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Filing of papers. 509.10 Section 509.10 Banks... IN ADJUDICATORY PROCEEDINGS Uniform Rules of Practice and Procedure § 509.10 Filing of papers. (a) Filing. Any papers required to be filed, excluding documents produced in response to a discovery request...

10 CFR 1003.51 - What to file.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false What to file. 1003.51 Section 1003.51 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY (GENERAL PROVISIONS) OFFICE OF HEARINGS AND APPEALS PROCEDURAL REGULATIONS Modification or Rescission § 1003.51 What to file. A person filing under this subpart shall file an “Application for...

TerraFERMA: The Transparent Finite Element Rapid Model Assembler for multiphysics problems in Earth sciences

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wilson, Cian R.; Spiegelman, Marc; van Keken, Peter E.

2017-02-01

We introduce and describe a new software infrastructure TerraFERMA, the Transparent Finite Element Rapid Model Assembler, for the rapid and reproducible description and solution of coupled multiphysics problems. The design of TerraFERMA is driven by two computational needs in Earth sciences. The first is the need for increased flexibility in both problem description and solution strategies for coupled problems where small changes in model assumptions can lead to dramatic changes in physical behavior. The second is the need for software and models that are more transparent so that results can be verified, reproduced, and modified in a manner such that the best ideas in computation and Earth science can be more easily shared and reused. TerraFERMA leverages three advanced open-source libraries for scientific computation that provide high-level problem description (FEniCS), composable solvers for coupled multiphysics problems (PETSc), and an options handling system (SPuD) that allows the hierarchical management of all model options. TerraFERMA integrates these libraries into an interface that organizes the scientific and computational choices required in a model into a single options file from which a custom compiled application is generated and run. Because all models share the same infrastructure, models become more reusable and reproducible, while still permitting the individual researcher considerable latitude in model construction. TerraFERMA solves partial differential equations using the finite element method. It is particularly well suited for nonlinear problems with complex coupling between components. TerraFERMA is open-source and available at http://terraferma.github.io, which includes links to documentation and example input files.

Digital Earth - A sustainable Earth

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mahavir

2014-02-01

All life, particularly human, cannot be sustainable, unless complimented with shelter, poverty reduction, provision of basic infrastructure and services, equal opportunities and social justice. Yet, in the context of cities, it is believed that they can accommodate more and more people, endlessly, regardless to their carrying capacity and increasing ecological footprint. The 'inclusion', for bringing more and more people in the purview of development is often limited to social and economic inclusion rather than spatial and ecological inclusion. Economic investment decisions are also not always supported with spatial planning decisions. Most planning for a sustainable Earth, be at a level of rural settlement, city, region, national or Global, fail on the capacity and capability fronts. In India, for example, out of some 8,000 towns and cities, Master Plans exist for only about 1,800. A chapter on sustainability or environment is neither statutorily compulsory nor a norm for these Master Plans. Geospatial technologies including Remote Sensing, GIS, Indian National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI), Indian National Urban Information Systems (NUIS), Indian Environmental Information System (ENVIS), and Indian National GIS (NGIS), etc. have potential to map, analyse, visualize and take sustainable developmental decisions based on participatory social, economic and social inclusion. Sustainable Earth, at all scales, is a logical and natural outcome of a digitally mapped, conceived and planned Earth. Digital Earth, in fact, itself offers a platform to dovetail the ecological, social and economic considerations in transforming it into a sustainable Earth.

77 FR 56833 - Combined Notice of Filings #1

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-14

... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Combined Notice of Filings 1 Take notice... revisions compliance filing to be effective 9/1/2012. Filed Date: 8/29/12. Accession Number: 20120830-5007... Company. Description: SEGCO 2012 PBOP Filing to be effective 1/1/2012. Filed Date: 8/29/12. Accession...

47 CFR 1.10006 - Is electronic filing mandatory?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Is electronic filing mandatory? 1.10006 Section... International Bureau Filing System § 1.10006 Is electronic filing mandatory? Electronic filing is mandatory for... System (IBFS) form is available. Applications for which an electronic form is not available must be filed...

47 CFR 61.14 - Method of filing publications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 3 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Method of filing publications. 61.14 Section 61...) TARIFFS Rules for Electronic Filing § 61.14 Method of filing publications. (a) Publications filed... date of a publication received by the Electronic Tariff Filing System will be determined by the date...

77 FR 60419 - Lock + Hydro Friends Fund XIX, LLC; Notice of Intent To File License Application, Filing of Pre...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-03

... Friends Fund XIX, LLC; Notice of Intent To File License Application, Filing of Pre-Application Document.... Date Filed: August 7, 2012. d. Submitted By: Lock + Hydro Friends Fund XIX, LLC. e. Name of Project.... Lock + Hydro Friends Fund XIX, LLC filed its request to use the Traditional Licensing Process on August...

46 CFR 530.5 - Duty to file.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 9 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Duty to file. 530.5 Section 530.5 Shipping FEDERAL... Provisions § 530.5 Duty to file. (a) The duty under this part to file service contracts, amendments and... conditions as the parties may agree. (c) Registration—(1) Application. Authority to file or delegate the...

46 CFR 530.5 - Duty to file.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 9 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Duty to file. 530.5 Section 530.5 Shipping FEDERAL... Provisions § 530.5 Duty to file. (a) The duty under this part to file service contracts, amendments and... conditions as the parties may agree. (c) Registration—(1) Application. Authority to file or delegate the...

77 FR 56197 - Combined Notice of Filings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-12

... Transmission Northwest LLC. Description: Revising Creditworthiness Language to be effective 10/ 1/2012. Filed...-12 to be effective 10/1/2012. Filed Date: 8/31/12. Accession Number: 20120831-5051. Comments Due: 5 p.... Description: Fuel Filing on 8-31-12 to be effective 10/1/2012. Filed Date: 8/31/12. Accession Number: 20120831...

14 CFR 16.13 - Filing of documents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... previously agreed with the complainant in writing to participate in electronic filing. Documents may be filed... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Filing of documents. 16.13 Section 16.13..., Proceedings Initiated by the FAA, and Appeals § 16.13 Filing of documents. Except as otherwise provided in...

12 CFR 263.10 - Filing of papers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Filing of papers. 263.10 Section 263.10 Banks... OF PRACTICE FOR HEARINGS Uniform Rules of Practice and Procedure § 263.10 Filing of papers. (a) Filing. Any papers required to be filed, excluding documents produced in response to a discovery request...

12 CFR 263.10 - Filing of papers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Filing of papers. 263.10 Section 263.10 Banks... OF PRACTICE FOR HEARINGS Uniform Rules of Practice and Procedure § 263.10 Filing of papers. (a) Filing. Any papers required to be filed, excluding documents produced in response to a discovery request...

12 CFR 308.10 - Filing of papers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Filing of papers. 308.10 Section 308.10 Banks... AND PROCEDURE Uniform Rules of Practice and Procedure § 308.10 Filing of papers. (a) Filing. Any papers required to be filed, excluding documents produced in response to a discovery request pursuant to...

12 CFR 308.10 - Filing of papers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 4 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Filing of papers. 308.10 Section 308.10 Banks... AND PROCEDURE Uniform Rules of Practice and Procedure § 308.10 Filing of papers. (a) Filing. Any papers required to be filed, excluding documents produced in response to a discovery request pursuant to...

17 CFR 20.5 - Series S filings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Series S filings. 20.5 Section... FOR PHYSICAL COMMODITY SWAPS § 20.5 Series S filings. (a) 102S filing. (1) When a counterparty... 102S filing only once for each counterparty, even if such persons at various times have multiple...

10 CFR 205.81 - What to file.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false What to file. 205.81 Section 205.81 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OIL ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES AND SANCTIONS Interpretation § 205.81 What to file. (a) A person filing under this subpart shall file a “Request for Interpretation,” which should be clearly labeled as...

10 CFR 1003.41 - What to file.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false What to file. 1003.41 Section 1003.41 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY (GENERAL PROVISIONS) OFFICE OF HEARINGS AND APPEALS PROCEDURAL REGULATIONS Stays § 1003.41 What to file. A person filing under this subpart shall file an “Application for Stay” which should be clearly...

10 CFR 1003.32 - What to file.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false What to file. 1003.32 Section 1003.32 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY (GENERAL PROVISIONS) OFFICE OF HEARINGS AND APPEALS PROCEDURAL REGULATIONS Appeals § 1003.32 What to file. A person filing under this subpart shall file an “Appeal of Order” which should be clearly...

76 FR 41790 - Natural Currents Energy Services, LLC; Notice of Intent To File License Application, Filing of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-15

... Energy Services, LLC; Notice of Intent To File License Application, Filing of Draft Application, Request for Waivers of Integrated Licensing Process Regulations Necessary for Expedited Processing of a.... Project No.: 12718-002. c. Date Filed: June 28, 2011. d. Submitted By: Natural Currents Energy Services...

The Global File System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Soltis, Steven R.; Ruwart, Thomas M.; OKeefe, Matthew T.

1996-01-01

The global file system (GFS) is a prototype design for a distributed file system in which cluster nodes physically share storage devices connected via a network-like fiber channel. Networks and network-attached storage devices have advanced to a level of performance and extensibility so that the previous disadvantages of shared disk architectures are no longer valid. This shared storage architecture attempts to exploit the sophistication of storage device technologies whereas a server architecture diminishes a device's role to that of a simple component. GFS distributes the file system responsibilities across processing nodes, storage across the devices, and file system resources across the entire storage pool. GFS caches data on the storage devices instead of the main memories of the machines. Consistency is established by using a locking mechanism maintained by the storage devices to facilitate atomic read-modify-write operations. The locking mechanism is being prototyped in the Silicon Graphics IRIX operating system and is accessed using standard Unix commands and modules.

Low-energy near Earth asteroid capture using Earth flybys and aerobraking

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tan, Minghu; McInnes, Colin; Ceriotti, Matteo

2018-04-01

Since the Sun-Earth libration points L1 and L2 are regarded as ideal locations for space science missions and candidate gateways for future crewed interplanetary missions, capturing near-Earth asteroids (NEAs) around the Sun-Earth L1/L2 points has generated significant interest. Therefore, this paper proposes the concept of coupling together a flyby of the Earth and then capturing small NEAs onto Sun-Earth L1/L2 periodic orbits. In this capture strategy, the Sun-Earth circular restricted three-body problem (CRTBP) is used to calculate target Lypaunov orbits and their invariant manifolds. A periapsis map is then employed to determine the required perigee of the Earth flyby. Moreover, depending on the perigee distance of the flyby, Earth flybys with and without aerobraking are investigated to design a transfer trajectory capturing a small NEA from its initial orbit to the stable manifolds associated with Sun-Earth L1/L2 periodic orbits. Finally, a global optimization is carried out, based on a detailed design procedure for NEA capture using an Earth flyby. Results show that the NEA capture strategies using an Earth flyby with and without aerobraking both have the potential to be of lower cost in terms of energy requirements than a direct NEA capture strategy without the Earth flyby. Moreover, NEA capture with an Earth flyby also has the potential for a shorter flight time compared to the NEA capture strategy without the Earth flyby.

EROS main image file - A picture perfect database for Landsat imagery and aerial photography

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jack, R. F.

1984-01-01

The Earth Resources Observation System (EROS) Program was established by the U.S. Department of the Interior in 1966 under the administration of the Geological Survey. It is primarily concerned with the application of remote sensing techniques for the management of natural resources. The retrieval system employed to search the EROS database is called INORAC (Inquiry, Ordering, and Accounting). A description is given of the types of images identified in EROS, taking into account Landsat imagery, Skylab images, Gemini/Apollo photography, and NASA aerial photography. Attention is given to retrieval commands, geographic coordinate searching, refinement techniques, various online functions, and questions regarding the access to the EROS Main Image File.

11 CFR 9006.2 - Filing dates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 11 Federal Elections 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Filing dates. 9006.2 Section 9006.2 Federal Elections FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION CAMPAIGN FUND: GENERAL ELECTION FINANCING REPORTS AND RECORDKEEPING § 9006.2 Filing dates. The reports required to be filed under 11 CFR 9006.1...

49 CFR 604.30 - Filing complaints.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION CHARTER SERVICE Complaints § 604.30 Filing complaints. (a) Filing address. Unless provided otherwise, the complainant shall file the complaint with the Office of the Chief Counsel... Service Complaint docket number FTA-2007-0025 at http://www.regulations.gov or mail it to the docket by...

21 CFR 314.420 - Drug master files.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 5 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Drug master files. 314.420 Section 314.420 Food... master files. (a) A drug master file is a submission of information to the Food and Drug Administration by a person (the drug master file holder) who intends it to be used for one of the following purposes...

78 FR 20908 - Combined Notice of Filings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-08

.... Description: UGI Storage Compliance Filing TL-96 to be effective 4/ 1/2013. Filed Date: 3/28/13. Accession... Eastern Pipe Line Company, LP. Description: Flow Through of Cash-Out Revenues filed on 3-28-13. Filed Date: 3/28/13. Accession Number: 20130328-5022. Comments Due: 5 p.m. ET 4/9/13. Docket Numbers: RP13-726...

12 CFR 19.10 - Filing of papers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Filing of papers. 19.10 Section 19.10 Banks and... Rules of Practice and Procedure § 19.10 Filing of papers. (a) Filing. Any papers required to be filed...) Delivering the papers to a reliable commercial courier service, overnight delivery service, or to the U.S...

12 CFR 19.10 - Filing of papers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Filing of papers. 19.10 Section 19.10 Banks and... Rules of Practice and Procedure § 19.10 Filing of papers. (a) Filing. Any papers required to be filed...) Delivering the papers to a reliable commercial courier service, overnight delivery service, or to the U.S...

12 CFR 747.10 - Filing of papers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Filing of papers. 747.10 Section 747.10 Banks... Practice and Procedure § 747.10 Filing of papers. (a) Filing. Any papers required to be filed, excluding...) Delivering the papers to a reliable commercial courier service, overnight delivery service, or to the U.S...

12 CFR 747.10 - Filing of papers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Filing of papers. 747.10 Section 747.10 Banks... Practice and Procedure § 747.10 Filing of papers. (a) Filing. Any papers required to be filed, excluding...) Delivering the papers to a reliable commercial courier service, overnight delivery service, or to the U.S...

29 CFR 24.103 - Filing of retaliation complaint.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... be reduced to writing by OSHA. If a complainant is not able to file the complaint in English, the complaint may be filed in any language. (c) Place of Filing. The complaint should be filed with the OSHA... resides or was employed, but may be filed with any OSHA officer or employee. Addresses and telephone...

75 FR 70733 - Combined Notice of Filings #1

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-18

... Corporation submits tariff filing per 35: 2010-10-29 CAISO MSG Transition Cost Compliance to be effective 11.... Description: Alcan Power Marketing, Inc. submits tariff filing per 35.12: Baseline Filing to be effective 11/1... Compliance Filing to be effective 9/30/2010. Filed Date: 10/29/2010. Accession Number: 20101029-5211. Comment...

Ancient Earth, Alien Earths Event

NASA Image and Video Library

2014-08-20

Panelists pose for a group photo at the “Ancient Earth, Alien Earths” Event at NASA Headquarters in Washington, DC Wednesday, August 20, 2014. The event was sponsored by NASA, the National Science Foundation (NSF), and the Smithsonian Institution and highlighted how research on early Earth could help guide our search for habitable planets orbiting other stars. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

77 FR 34943 - Combined Notice of Filings #2

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-12

... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Combined Notice of Filings 2 Take notice... Texas North Company submits tariff filing per 35.13(a)(2)(iii: TNC-Texas New Mexico Power Amd. 3 to IA... filing per 35.13(a)(2)(iii: Reactive Filing to be effective 12/31/9998. Filed Date: 6/5/12. Accession...

Digital Geological Map for Marie Byrd Land, West Antarctica: A resource for investigation of geotectonic frameworks and future glaciological change

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Siddoway, C. S.; White, T.; Elkind, S.; Cox, S. C.; Lyttle, B. S.; Morin, P. J.

2016-12-01

Bedrock exposures are relatively sparse in Marie Byrd Land (MBL), where rock is concealed by the West Antarctic ice sheet, but they provide direct insight into the geological evolution and glacial history of West Antarctica. MBL is tectonically active, as evidenced by Late Pleistocene to Holocene volcanism and 2012 seismicity (3 events, M4.4 to M5.5) at sites beside Ross Sea. There are geological influences upon the ice sheet, namely, subglacial volcanism and associated geothermal flux, fault zone alteration/mineralization, and bedrock roughess. The former may influence the position and velocity of outlet glaciers and the latter may anchor or accelerate sectors of the ice sheet. To make MBL's geological framework accessible to investigators with diverse research priorities, we are preparing the first digital geological map of MBL by compiling ground-based geological data, incorporating firsthand observations, published geological maps and literature. The map covers an on-continent coastal area of 900 000 km2 between 090°E to 160°E, from 72°S to 80°S, at 1:250 000 scale or better. Exposed rock is delimited by 1976 polygons, occupying 410 km2. Supraglacial features and glacial till, seasonal water and blue ice, are also mapped, as a baseline for past and future glaciological change. Rendered in the ArcMap GIS software by Esri©, the database employs international GeoSciML data protocols for feature classification and description of rock and moraine polygons from the Antarctic Digital Database (www.add.scar.org), with shape and location adjusted to align with features in Landsat Image Mosaic of Antarctica imagery (lima.usgs.gov), where necessary. The GIS database is attribute-rich and queriable; including links to bibliographic source files for primary literature and published maps. It will soon be available as GoogleEarth kmz files and an ArcGIS online map service. An initial application is to the interpretation of sub-ice geology for a subglacial geotectonic map

17 CFR 12.25 - Filing fees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Filing fees. 12.25 Section 12... REPARATIONS General Information and Preliminary Consideration of Pleadings § 12.25 Filing fees. (a) Fees payable upon filing a complaint. (1) A complainant who, in the complaint, has elected the voluntary...

10 CFR 430.42 - Filing requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... the right to refuse to accept, and not to consider, untimely submissions. (e) Filing of petitions. (1... 10 Energy 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Filing requirements. 430.42 Section 430.42 Energy... Filing requirements. (a) Service. All documents required to be served under this subpart shall, if mailed...

12 CFR 303.161 - Filing procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Filing procedures. 303.161 Section 303.161 Banks and Banking FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION PROCEDURE AND RULES OF PRACTICE FILING... include all materials that have been filed with any state or federal banking regulator and any state or...

22 CFR 911.2 - Filing complaint.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2012-04-01 2009-04-01 true Filing complaint. 911.2 Section 911.2 Foreign Relations FOREIGN SERVICE GRIEVANCE BOARD IMPLEMENTATION DISPUTES § 911.2 Filing complaint. If the dispute is not satisfactorily resolved at the agency level, the moving party may file a complaint within 45...

22 CFR 911.2 - Filing complaint.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2011-04-01 2009-04-01 true Filing complaint. 911.2 Section 911.2 Foreign Relations FOREIGN SERVICE GRIEVANCE BOARD IMPLEMENTATION DISPUTES § 911.2 Filing complaint. If the dispute is not satisfactorily resolved at the agency level, the moving party may file a complaint within 45...

22 CFR 911.2 - Filing complaint.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Filing complaint. 911.2 Section 911.2 Foreign Relations FOREIGN SERVICE GRIEVANCE BOARD IMPLEMENTATION DISPUTES § 911.2 Filing complaint. If the dispute is not satisfactorily resolved at the agency level, the moving party may file a complaint within 45...

19 CFR 10.911 - Filing procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Filing procedures. 10.911 Section 10.911 Customs Duties U.S. CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY; DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY... Post-Importation Duty Refund Claims § 10.911 Filing procedures. (a) Place of filing. A post-importation...

22 CFR 911.2 - Filing complaint.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 true Filing complaint. 911.2 Section 911.2 Foreign Relations FOREIGN SERVICE GRIEVANCE BOARD IMPLEMENTATION DISPUTES § 911.2 Filing complaint. If the dispute is not satisfactorily resolved at the agency level, the moving party may file a complaint within 45...

19 CFR 10.911 - Filing procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Filing procedures. 10.911 Section 10.911 Customs Duties U.S. CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY; DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY... Post-Importation Duty Refund Claims § 10.911 Filing procedures. (a) Place of filing. A post-importation...

19 CFR 10.911 - Filing procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Filing procedures. 10.911 Section 10.911 Customs Duties U.S. CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY; DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY... Post-Importation Duty Refund Claims § 10.911 Filing procedures. (a) Place of filing. A post-importation...

22 CFR 911.2 - Filing complaint.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2013-04-01 2009-04-01 true Filing complaint. 911.2 Section 911.2 Foreign Relations FOREIGN SERVICE GRIEVANCE BOARD IMPLEMENTATION DISPUTES § 911.2 Filing complaint. If the dispute is not satisfactorily resolved at the agency level, the moving party may file a complaint within 45...

47 CFR 1.1405 - File numbers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false File numbers. 1.1405 Section 1.1405... Attachment Complaint Procedures § 1.1405 File numbers. Each complaint which appears to be essentially complete under § 1.1404 will be accepted and assigned a file number. Such assignment is for administrative...

47 CFR 1.1405 - File numbers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false File numbers. 1.1405 Section 1.1405... Attachment Complaint Procedures § 1.1405 File numbers. Each complaint which appears to be essentially complete under § 1.1404 will be accepted and assigned a file number. Such assignment is for administrative...

47 CFR 1.1405 - File numbers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false File numbers. 1.1405 Section 1.1405... Attachment Complaint Procedures § 1.1405 File numbers. Each complaint which appears to be essentially complete under § 1.1404 will be accepted and assigned a file number. Such assignment is for administrative...

77 FR 56833 - Combined Notice of Filings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-14

...: Filings Instituting Proceedings Docket Numbers: RP12-957-000. Applicants: Chandeleur Pipe Line Company. Description: Chandeleur ACA filing withdrawal. Filed Date: 8/29/12. Accession Number: 20120829-5131. Comments...

75 FR 61474 - Juneau Hydropower, Inc.; Notice of Intent To File License Application, Filing of Pre-Application...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-05

... Hydropower, Inc.; Notice of Intent To File License Application, Filing of Pre-Application Document, and....: 13563-001. c. Dated Filed: July 28, 2010. d. Submitted By: Juneau Hydropower, Inc. e. Name of Project... Commission's regulations. h. Potential Applicant Contact: Duff W. Mitchell, Juneau Hydropower, Inc., P.O. Box...

Smartfiles: An OO approach to data file interoperability

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Haines, Matthew; Mehrotra, Piyush; Vanrosendale, John

1995-01-01

Data files for scientific and engineering codes typically consist of a series of raw data values whose descriptions are buried in the programs that interact with these files. In this situation, making even minor changes in the file structure or sharing files between programs (interoperability) can only be done after careful examination of the data file and the I/O statement of the programs interacting with this file. In short, scientific data files lack self-description, and other self-describing data techniques are not always appropriate or useful for scientific data files. By applying an object-oriented methodology to data files, we can add the intelligence required to improve data interoperability and provide an elegant mechanism for supporting complex, evolving, or multidisciplinary applications, while still supporting legacy codes. As a result, scientists and engineers should be able to share datasets with far greater ease, simplifying multidisciplinary applications and greatly facilitating remote collaboration between scientists.

The sterilization of endodontic hand files.

PubMed

Hurtt, C A; Rossman, L E

1996-06-01

Several different methods of file sterilization were analyzed to determine the best method of providing complete file sterility, including the metal shaft and plastic handle. Six test groups of 15 files were studied using Bacillus stearothermophilus as the test organism. Groups were "sterilized" by glutaraldehyde immersion, steam autoclaving, and various techniques of salt sterilization. Only proper steam autoclaving reliably produced completely sterile instruments. Salt sterilization and glutaraldehyde solutions may not be adequate sterilization methods for endodontic hand files and should not be relied on to provide completely sterile instruments.

Make Earth science education as dynamic as Earth itself

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lautenbacher, Conrad C.; Groat, Charles G.

2004-12-01

The images of rivers spilling over their banks and washing away entire towns, buildings decimated to rubble by the violent shaking of the Earth's plates, and molten lava flowing up from inside the Earth's core are constant reminders of the power of the Earth. Humans are simply at the whim of the forces of Mother Nature—or are we? Whether it is from a great natural disaster, a short-term weather event like El Nino, or longer-term processes like plate tectonics, Earth processes affect us all. Yet,we are only beginning to scratch the surface of our understanding of Earth sciences. We believe the day will come when our understanding of these dynamic Earth processes will prompt better policies and decisions about saving lives and property. One key place to start is in America's classrooms.

Forget the hype or reality. Big data presents new opportunities in Earth Science.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lee, T. J.

2015-12-01

Earth science is arguably one of the most mature science discipline which constantly acquires, curates, and utilizes a large volume of data with diverse variety. We deal with big data before there is big data. For example, while developing the EOS program in the 1980s, the EOS data and information system (EOSDIS) was developed to manage the vast amount of data acquired by the EOS fleet of satellites. EOSDIS continues to be a shining example of modern science data systems in the past two decades. With the explosion of internet, the usage of social media, and the provision of sensors everywhere, the big data era has bring new challenges. First, Goggle developed the search algorithm and a distributed data management system. The open source communities quickly followed up and developed Hadoop file system to facility the map reduce workloads. The internet continues to generate tens of petabytes of data every day. There is a significant shortage of algorithms and knowledgeable manpower to mine the data. In response, the federal government developed the big data programs that fund research and development projects and training programs to tackle these new challenges. Meanwhile, comparatively to the internet data explosion, Earth science big data problem has become quite small. Nevertheless, the big data era presents an opportunity for Earth science to evolve. We learned about the MapReduce algorithms, in memory data mining, machine learning, graph analysis, and semantic web technologies. How do we apply these new technologies to our discipline and bring the hype to Earth? In this talk, I will discuss how we might want to apply some of the big data technologies to our discipline and solve many of our challenging problems. More importantly, I will propose new Earth science data system architecture to enable new type of scientific inquires.

32 CFR 842.103 - Filing a claim.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Filing a claim. 842.103 Section 842.103 National... CLAIMS Claims Under the National Guard Claims Act (32 U.S.C. 715) § 842.103 Filing a claim. This paragraph explains how to file a claim under the National Guard Claims Act. (a) How and when filed. A claim...

32 CFR 842.103 - Filing a claim.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Filing a claim. 842.103 Section 842.103 National... CLAIMS Claims Under the National Guard Claims Act (32 U.S.C. 715) § 842.103 Filing a claim. This paragraph explains how to file a claim under the National Guard Claims Act. (a) How and when filed. A claim...

32 CFR 842.103 - Filing a claim.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Filing a claim. 842.103 Section 842.103 National... CLAIMS Claims Under the National Guard Claims Act (32 U.S.C. 715) § 842.103 Filing a claim. This paragraph explains how to file a claim under the National Guard Claims Act. (a) How and when filed. A claim...

32 CFR 842.103 - Filing a claim.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Filing a claim. 842.103 Section 842.103 National... CLAIMS Claims Under the National Guard Claims Act (32 U.S.C. 715) § 842.103 Filing a claim. This paragraph explains how to file a claim under the National Guard Claims Act. (a) How and when filed. A claim...

47 CFR 1.10008 - What are IBFS file numbers?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... Random Selection International Bureau Filing System § 1.10008 What are IBFS file numbers? (a) We assign...) For a description of file number information, see The International Bureau Filing System File Number... 47 Telecommunication 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false What are IBFS file numbers? 1.10008 Section 1...

47 CFR 1.10008 - What are IBFS file numbers?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Random Selection International Bureau Filing System § 1.10008 What are IBFS file numbers? (a) We assign...) For a description of file number information, see The International Bureau Filing System File Number... 47 Telecommunication 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false What are IBFS file numbers? 1.10008 Section 1...

47 CFR 1.10008 - What are IBFS file numbers?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... Random Selection International Bureau Filing System § 1.10008 What are IBFS file numbers? (a) We assign...) For a description of file number information, see The International Bureau Filing System File Number... 47 Telecommunication 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false What are IBFS file numbers? 1.10008 Section 1...

10 CFR 431.423 - Filing requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... the right to refuse to accept, and not to consider, untimely submissions. (e) Filing of petitions. (1... 10 Energy 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Filing requirements. 431.423 Section 431.423 Energy... Regulation § 431.423 Filing requirements. (a) Service. All documents required to be served under this subpart...

47 CFR 1.1405 - File numbers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false File numbers. 1.1405 Section 1.1405... Procedures § 1.1405 File numbers. Each complaint which appears to be essentially complete under § 1.1404 will be accepted and assigned a file number. Such assignment is for administrative purposes only and does...

47 CFR 1.1405 - File numbers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false File numbers. 1.1405 Section 1.1405... Procedures § 1.1405 File numbers. Each complaint which appears to be essentially complete under § 1.1404 will be accepted and assigned a file number. Such assignment is for administrative purposes only and does...

42 CFR 93.510 - Filing motions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Filing motions. 93.510 Section 93.510 Public Health... MISCONDUCT Opportunity To Contest ORI Findings of Research Misconduct and HHS Administrative Actions Hearing Process § 93.510 Filing motions. (a) Parties must file all motions and requests for an order or ruling...

42 CFR 93.510 - Filing motions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Filing motions. 93.510 Section 93.510 Public Health... MISCONDUCT Opportunity To Contest ORI Findings of Research Misconduct and HHS Administrative Actions Hearing Process § 93.510 Filing motions. (a) Parties must file all motions and requests for an order or ruling...

78 FR 9902 - Combined Notice of Filings #1

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-12

... Communications Agreement 5th Revised to be effective 4/1/2013. Filed Date: 1/30/13. Accession Number: 20130130... G549 Amended Filing to be effective 9/13/2012. Filed Date: 1/31/13. Accession Number: 20130131-5003.... Description: Compliance Filing per 1/8/2013 Order in Docket No. ER13-347-000 to be effective 4/1/2013. Filed...

76 FR 36529 - Combined Notice of Filings #1

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-22

... submits tariff filing per 35: 2011-06-03 CAISO's Tariff Waiver Filing to be effective N/A. Filed Date: 06..., L.L.C. submits tariff filing per 35.13(a)(2)(iii: Queue No. W2-083; Original Service Agreement No... No. W2-088; Original Service Agreement No. 2929 to be effective 5/10/2011. Filed Date: 06/03/2011...

78 FR 26357 - Alaska Electric Light & Power Company; Notice of Intent To File License Application, Filing of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-06

... Light & Power Company; Notice of Intent To File License Application, Filing of Pre-Application Document.... Date Filed: March 29, 2013. d. Submitted By: Alaska Electric Light & Power Company (AEL&P). e. Name of... Act and the joint agency regulations thereunder at 50 CFR, Part 402; (b) NOAA Fisheries under section...

47 CFR 1.10008 - What are IBFS file numbers?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Bureau Filing System § 1.10008 What are IBFS file numbers? (a) We assign file numbers to electronic... information, see The International Bureau Filing System File Number Format Public Notice, DA-04-568 (released... 47 Telecommunication 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false What are IBFS file numbers? 1.10008 Section 1...

47 CFR 1.10008 - What are IBFS file numbers?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Bureau Filing System § 1.10008 What are IBFS file numbers? (a) We assign file numbers to electronic... information, see The International Bureau Filing System File Number Format Public Notice, DA-04-568 (released... 47 Telecommunication 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false What are IBFS file numbers? 1.10008 Section 1...

75 FR 51994 - Combined Notice of Filings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-24

...: Panther Interstate Pipeline Energy, LLC. Description: Panther Interstate Pipeline Energy, LLC submits tariff filing per 154.203: Panther Baseline eTariff Filing to be effective 8/ 12/2010. Filed Date: 08/13...

77 FR 71790 - Combined Notice of Filings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-04

...: Filings Instituting Proceedings Docket Numbers: RP13-308-000. Applicants: Chandeleur Pipe Line Company. Description: Chandeleur--FLLA Annual Filing to be effective 1/1/ 2013. Filed Date: 11/26/12. Accession Number...

Aspects on Transfer of Aided - Design Files

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Goanta, A. M.; Anghelache, D. G.

2016-08-01

At this stage of development of hardware and software, each company that makes design software packages has a certain type of file created and customized in time to distinguish that company from its competitors. Thus today are widely known the DWG files belonging AutoCAD, IPT / IAM belonging to Inventor, PAR / ASM of Solid Edge's, PRT from the NX and so on. Behind every type of file there is a mathematical model which is common to more types of files. A specific aspect of the computer -aided design is that all softwares are working with both individual parts and assemblies, but their approach is different in that some use the same type of file both for each part and for the whole (PRT ), while others use different types of files (IPT / IAM, PAR / ASM, etc.). Another aspect of the computer -aided design is to transfer files between different companies which use different software packages or even the same software package but in different versions. Each of these situations generates distinct issues. Thus, to solve the partial reading by a project different from the native one, transfer files of STEP and IGES type are used

Sentry: An Automated Close Approach Monitoring System for Near-Earth Objects

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chamberlin, A. B.; Chesley, S. R.; Chodas, P. W.; Giorgini, J. D.; Keesey, M. S.; Wimberly, R. N.; Yeomans, D. K.

2001-11-01

In response to international concern about potential asteroid impacts on Earth, NASA's Near-Earth Object (NEO) Program Office has implemented a new system called ``Sentry'' to automatically update the orbits of all NEOs on a daily basis and compute Earth close approaches up to 100 years into the future. Results are published on our web site (http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/) and updated orbits and ephemerides made available via the JPL Horizons ephemeris service (http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons.html). Sentry collects new and revised astrometric observations from the Minor Planet Center (MPC) via their electronic circulars (MPECs) in near real time as well as radar and optical astrometry sent directly from observers. NEO discoveries and identifications are detected in MPECs and processed appropriately. In addition to these daily updates, Sentry synchronizes with each monthly batch of MPC astrometry and automatically updates all NEO observation files. Daily and monthly processing of NEO astrometry is managed using a queuing system which allows for manual intervention of selected NEOs without interfering with the automatic system. At the heart of Sentry is a fully automatic orbit determination program which handles outlier rejection and ensures convergence in the new solution. Updated orbital elements and their covariances are published via Horizons and our NEO web site, typically within 24 hours. A new version of Horizons, in development, will allow computation of ephemeris uncertainties using covariance data. The positions of NEOs with updated orbits are numerically integrated up to 100 years into the future and each close approach to any perturbing body in our dynamic model (all planets, Moon, Ceres, Pallas, Vesta) is recorded. Significant approaches are flagged for extended analysis including Monte Carlo studies. Results, such as minimum encounter distances and future Earth impact probabilities, are published on our NEO web site.

75 FR 49923 - Combined Notice of Filings #1

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-16

... filing per 35.12: KCP&L-GMO Baseline Filing (Market-Based Volume 28) to be effective 8/2/2010. Filed Date...: KCP&L Greater Missouri Operations Company submits tariff filing per 35.12: GMO Volume 33 (Cost-Based...

34 CFR 300.183 - Filing requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... DISABILITIES State Eligibility Department Procedures § 300.183 Filing requirements. (a) Any written submission by a party under §§ 300.179 through 300.184 must be filed by hand delivery, by mail, or by facsimile.... (b) The filing date under paragraph (a) of this section is the date the document is— (1) Hand...

34 CFR 81.12 - Filing requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... next business day. (e) A party filing by facsimile transmission is responsible for confirming that a... 34 Education 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Filing requirements. 81.12 Section 81.12 Education... Provisions § 81.12 Filing requirements. (a) Any written submission to an ALJ or the OALJ under this part must...

9 CFR 392.5 - Filing procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Filing procedures. 392.5 Section 392.5 Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION SERVICE ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS PETITIONS FOR RULEMAKING § 392.5 Filing procedures. (a) Any interested person may file a petition...

9 CFR 392.5 - Filing procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Filing procedures. 392.5 Section 392.5 Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION SERVICE ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS PETITIONS FOR RULEMAKING § 392.5 Filing procedures. (a) Any interested person may file a petition...

9 CFR 392.5 - Filing procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Filing procedures. 392.5 Section 392.5 Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION SERVICE ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS PETITIONS FOR RULEMAKING § 392.5 Filing procedures. (a) Any interested person may file a petition...

9 CFR 392.5 - Filing procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Filing procedures. 392.5 Section 392.5 Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION SERVICE ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS PETITIONS FOR RULEMAKING § 392.5 Filing procedures. (a) Any interested person may file a petition...

Viewing Files | Smokefree 60+

Cancer.gov

In addition to standard HTML webpages, our website contains files in other formats. You may need additional software or browser plug-ins to view some of these files. The following list shows each format along with links to the corresponding freely available plug-ins or viewers. Documents  Adobe Acrobat Reader (.pdf)

27 CFR 25.56 - Filing of formulas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... OF THE TREASURY ALCOHOL BEER Miscellaneous Provisions Formulas § 25.56 Filing of formulas. (a) What.... (b) Where do I file a formula? File your formula with the Assistant Chief, Advertising, Labeling and...

27 CFR 25.56 - Filing of formulas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS BEER Miscellaneous Provisions Formulas § 25.56 Filing of formulas. (a) What.... (b) Where do I file a formula? File your formula with the Assistant Chief, Advertising, Labeling and...

27 CFR 25.56 - Filing of formulas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS BEER Miscellaneous Provisions Formulas § 25.56 Filing of formulas. (a) What.... (b) Where do I file a formula? File your formula with the Assistant Chief, Advertising, Labeling and...

27 CFR 25.56 - Filing of formulas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... OF THE TREASURY ALCOHOL BEER Miscellaneous Provisions Formulas § 25.56 Filing of formulas. (a) What.... (b) Where do I file a formula? File your formula with the Assistant Chief, Advertising, Labeling and...

27 CFR 25.56 - Filing of formulas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS BEER Miscellaneous Provisions Formulas § 25.56 Filing of formulas. (a) What.... (b) Where do I file a formula? File your formula with the Assistant Chief, Advertising, Labeling and...

77 FR 11523 - Bryant Mountain, LLC; Notice of Intent To File License Application, Filing of Pre-Application...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-27

... and Commencing Pre-filing Process. b. Project No.: 13680-001. c. Dated Filed: December 21, 2011. d... Reclamation and private lands. g. Filed Pursuant to: 18 CFR Part 5 of the Commission's Regulations. h..., California, 94505, (925) 634-1550 or email at [email protected] . i. FERC Contact: Ryan Hansen at (202...

Main image file tape description

USGS Publications Warehouse

Warriner, Howard W.

1980-01-01

This Main Image File Tape document defines the data content and file structure of the Main Image File Tape (MIFT) produced by the EROS Data Center (EDC). This document also defines an INQUIRY tape, which is just a subset of the MIFT. The format of the INQUIRY tape is identical to the MIFT except for two records; therefore, with the exception of these two records (described elsewhere in this document), every remark made about the MIFT is true for the INQUIRY tape.

76 FR 353 - Combined Notice of Filings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-04

... Pipeline LLC. Description: MoGas Pipeline LLC submits tariff filing per 154.203: Compliance Filing--Missing Data Element to be effective 9/1/2010. Filed Date: 12/21/2010. Accession Number: 20101221-5068. Comment...

77 FR 60978 - Combined Notice of Filings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-05

...: Filings Instituting Proceedings Docket Numbers: RP12-1067-000. Applicants: Leaf River Energy Center LLC. Description: Leaf River Energy Center LLC--Order No. 587-V Compliance Filing to be effective 12/1/2012. Filed...

34 CFR 300.196 - Filing requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... written submission under § 300.194 must be filed by hand-delivery, by mail, or by facsimile transmission...) The filing date under paragraph (a) of this section is the date the document is— (1) Hand-delivered..., may require the filing of a follow-up hard copy by hand-delivery or by mail within a reasonable period...

8 CFR 245a.33 - Filing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 8 Aliens and Nationality 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Filing. 245a.33 Section 245a.33 Aliens and... NATIONALITY ACT LIFE Act Amendments Family Unity Provisions § 245a.33 Filing. (a) General. An application for Family Unity benefits under section 1504 of the LIFE Act Amendments must be filed on a Form I-817...

8 CFR 245a.33 - Filing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 8 Aliens and Nationality 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Filing. 245a.33 Section 245a.33 Aliens and... ACT LIFE Act Amendments Family Unity Provisions § 245a.33 Filing. (a) General. An application for Family Unity benefits under section 1504 of the LIFE Act Amendments must be filed on a Form I-817...

8 CFR 245a.33 - Filing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 8 Aliens and Nationality 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Filing. 245a.33 Section 245a.33 Aliens and... ACT LIFE Act Amendments Family Unity Provisions § 245a.33 Filing. (a) General. An application for Family Unity benefits under section 1504 of the LIFE Act Amendments must be filed on a Form I-817...

8 CFR 245a.33 - Filing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 8 Aliens and Nationality 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Filing. 245a.33 Section 245a.33 Aliens and... ACT LIFE Act Amendments Family Unity Provisions § 245a.33 Filing. (a) General. An application for Family Unity benefits under section 1504 of the LIFE Act Amendments must be filed on a Form I-817...

ISS EarthKam: Taking Photos of the Earth from Space

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Haste, Turtle

2008-01-01

NASA is involved in a project involving the International Space Station (ISS) and an Earth-focused camera called EarthKam, where schools, and ultimately students, are allowed to remotely program the EarthKAM to take images. Here the author describes how EarthKam was used to help middle school students learn about biomes and develop their…

Ancient Earth, Alien Earths Event

NASA Image and Video Library

2014-08-20

Panelists discuss how research on early Earth could help guide our search for habitable planets orbiting other stars at the “Ancient Earth, Alien Earths” Event at NASA Headquarters in Washington, DC Wednesday, August 20, 2014. The event was sponsored by NASA, the National Science Foundation (NSF), and the Smithsonian Institution and was moderated by Dr. David H. Grinspoon, Senior Scientist at the Planetary Science Institute. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

Ancient Earth, Alien Earths Event

NASA Image and Video Library

2014-08-20

Dr. David H. Grinspoon, Senior Scientist, Planetary Science Institute, moderates a panel at the “Ancient Earth, Alien Earths” Event at NASA Headquarters in Washington, DC Wednesday, August 20, 2014. The event was sponsored by NASA, the National Science Foundation (NSF), and the Smithsonian Institution and highlighted how research on early Earth could help guide our search for habitable planets orbiting other stars. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

47 CFR 61.14 - Method of filing publications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 3 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Method of filing publications. 61.14 Section 61.14 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES (CONTINUED) TARIFFS Rules for Electronic Filing § 61.14 Method of filing publications. (a) Publications filed...

48 CFR 4.803 - Contents of contract files.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... ADMINISTRATIVE MATTERS Government Contract Files 4.803 Contents of contract files. The following are examples of the records normally contained, if applicable, in contract files: (a) Contracting office contract file...) Justifications and approvals, determinations and findings, and associated documents. (3) Evidence of availability...

5 CFR 1201.14 - Electronic filing procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... (PDF), and image files (files created by scanning). A list of formats allowed can be found at e-Appeal..., or by uploading the supporting documents in the form of one or more PDF files in which each...

77 FR 66826 - Combined Notice of Filings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-07

... filing per 154.204: Intraday 3 Nomination Cycle to be effective 12/1/ 2012. Filed Date: 10/31/12... Power Cost Adjustment--2012 to be effective 12/ 1/2012. Filed Date: 10/31/12. Accession Number: 20121031...

75 FR 41843 - Combined Notice of Filings #1

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-19

... transmission tariff filings: Docket Numbers: OA08-26-004. Applicants: Puget Sound Energy, Inc. Description: Compliance Filing of Puget Sound Energy, Inc. Filed Date: 07/09/2010. Accession Number: 20100709-5097... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Combined Notice of Filings 1 July 12...

Fast probabilistic file fingerprinting for big data

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Background Biological data acquisition is raising new challenges, both in data analysis and handling. Not only is it proving hard to analyze the data at the rate it is generated today, but simply reading and transferring data files can be prohibitively slow due to their size. This primarily concerns logistics within and between data centers, but is also important for workstation users in the analysis phase. Common usage patterns, such as comparing and transferring files, are proving computationally expensive and are tying down shared resources. Results We present an efficient method for calculating file uniqueness for large scientific data files, that takes less computational effort than existing techniques. This method, called Probabilistic Fast File Fingerprinting (PFFF), exploits the variation present in biological data and computes file fingerprints by sampling randomly from the file instead of reading it in full. Consequently, it has a flat performance characteristic, correlated with data variation rather than file size. We demonstrate that probabilistic fingerprinting can be as reliable as existing hashing techniques, with provably negligible risk of collisions. We measure the performance of the algorithm on a number of data storage and access technologies, identifying its strengths as well as limitations. Conclusions Probabilistic fingerprinting may significantly reduce the use of computational resources when comparing very large files. Utilisation of probabilistic fingerprinting techniques can increase the speed of common file-related workflows, both in the data center and for workbench analysis. The implementation of the algorithm is available as an open-source tool named pfff, as a command-line tool as well as a C library. The tool can be downloaded from http://biit.cs.ut.ee/pfff. PMID:23445565

77 FR 55210 - Public Service Company of New Hampshire; Notice of Intent To File License Application, Filing of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-07

... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission [Project No. 2457-038] Public Service... (PAD), Commencement of Pre-Filing Process, and Scoping; Request for Comments on the PAD And Scoping... File License Application for a New License and Commencing Pre-filing Process. b. Project No.: 2457-038...

High-Performance, Multi-Node File Copies and Checksums for Clustered File Systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kolano, Paul Z.; Ciotti, Robert B.

2012-01-01

Modern parallel file systems achieve high performance using a variety of techniques, such as striping files across multiple disks to increase aggregate I/O bandwidth and spreading disks across multiple servers to increase aggregate interconnect bandwidth. To achieve peak performance from such systems, it is typically necessary to utilize multiple concurrent readers/writers from multiple systems to overcome various singlesystem limitations, such as number of processors and network bandwidth. The standard cp and md5sum tools of GNU coreutils found on every modern Unix/Linux system, however, utilize a single execution thread on a single CPU core of a single system, and hence cannot take full advantage of the increased performance of clustered file systems. Mcp and msum are drop-in replacements for the standard cp and md5sum programs that utilize multiple types of parallelism and other optimizations to achieve maximum copy and checksum performance on clustered file systems. Multi-threading is used to ensure that nodes are kept as busy as possible. Read/write parallelism allows individual operations of a single copy to be overlapped using asynchronous I/O. Multinode cooperation allows different nodes to take part in the same copy/checksum. Split-file processing allows multiple threads to operate concurrently on the same file. Finally, hash trees allow inherently serial checksums to be performed in parallel. Mcp and msum provide significant performance improvements over standard cp and md5sum using multiple types of parallelism and other optimizations. The total speed-ups from all improvements are significant. Mcp improves cp performance over 27x, msum improves md5sum performance almost 19x, and the combination of mcp and msum improves verified copies via cp and md5sum by almost 22x. These improvements come in the form of drop-in replacements for cp and md5sum, so are easily used and are available for download as open source software at http://mutil.sourceforge.net.

Efficiently Communicating Rich Heterogeneous Geospatial Data from the FeMO2008 Dive Cruise with FlashMap on EarthRef.org

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Minnett, R. C.; Koppers, A. A.; Staudigel, D.; Staudigel, H.

2008-12-01

EarthRef.org is comprehensive and convenient resource for Earth Science reference data and models. It encompasses four main portals: the Geochemical Earth Reference Model (GERM), the Magnetics Information Consortium (MagIC), the Seamount Biogeosciences Network (SBN), and the Enduring Resources for Earth Science Education (ERESE). Their underlying databases are publically available and the scientific community has contributed widely and is urged to continue to do so. However, the net result is a vast and largely heterogeneous warehouse of geospatial data ranging from carefully prepared maps of seamounts to geochemical data/metadata, daily reports from seagoing expeditions, large volumes of raw and processed multibeam data, images of paleomagnetic sampling sites, etc. This presents a considerable obstacle for integrating other rich media content, such as videos, images, data files, cruise tracks, and interoperable database results, without overwhelming the web user. The four EarthRef.org portals clearly lend themselves to a more intuitive user interface and has, therefore, been an invaluable test bed for the design and implementation of FlashMap, a versatile KML-driven geospatial browser written for reliability and speed in Adobe Flash. FlashMap allows layers of content to be loaded and displayed over a streaming high-resolution map which can be zoomed and panned similarly to Google Maps and Google Earth. Many organizations, from National Geographic to the USGS, have begun using Google Earth software to display geospatial content. However, Google Earth, as a desktop application, does not integrate cleanly with existing websites requiring the user to navigate away from the browser and focus on a separate application and Google Maps, written in Java Script, does not scale up reliably to large datasets. FlashMap remedies these problems as a web-based application that allows for seamless integration of the real-time display power of Google Earth and the flexibility of

78 FR 57146 - Combined Notice of Filings #1

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-17

... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Combined Notice of Filings 1 Take notice that the Commission received the following electric corporate filings: Docket Numbers: EC13-144-000.... Description: Maine Public Service Company submits Compliance Filing to be effective 7/1/2012. Filed Date: 9/9...

75 FR 61736 - Combined Notice of Filings #2

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-06

... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Combined Notice of Filings 2 September... Wind Power LLC. Description: Klondike Wind Power LLC submits tariff filing per 35.12: Baseline Filing.... Applicants: Klondike Wind Power II LLC. Description: Klondike Wind Power II LLC submits tariff filing per 35...

47 CFR 1.10006 - Is electronic filing mandatory?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Is electronic filing mandatory? 1.10006 Section... Random Selection International Bureau Filing System § 1.10006 Is electronic filing mandatory? Electronic... International Bureau Filing System (IBFS) form is available. Applications for which an electronic form is not...

47 CFR 1.10006 - Is electronic filing mandatory?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Is electronic filing mandatory? 1.10006 Section... Random Selection International Bureau Filing System § 1.10006 Is electronic filing mandatory? Electronic... International Bureau Filing System (IBFS) form is available. Applications for which an electronic form is not...

47 CFR 1.10006 - Is electronic filing mandatory?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Is electronic filing mandatory? 1.10006 Section... Random Selection International Bureau Filing System § 1.10006 Is electronic filing mandatory? Electronic... International Bureau Filing System (IBFS) form is available. Applications for which an electronic form is not...

48 CFR 1404.805 - Disposal of contract files.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Disposal of contract files. 1404.805 Section 1404.805 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE MATTERS Contract Files 1404.805 Disposal of contract files. Disposition of files shall be...

48 CFR 1404.805 - Disposal of contract files.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Disposal of contract files. 1404.805 Section 1404.805 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE MATTERS Contract Files 1404.805 Disposal of contract files. Disposition of files shall be...

48 CFR 1404.805 - Disposal of contract files.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Disposal of contract files. 1404.805 Section 1404.805 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE MATTERS Contract Files 1404.805 Disposal of contract files. Disposition of files shall be...

48 CFR 1404.805 - Disposal of contract files.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Disposal of contract files. 1404.805 Section 1404.805 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE MATTERS Contract Files 1404.805 Disposal of contract files. Disposition of files shall be...

48 CFR 1404.805 - Disposal of contract files.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Disposal of contract files. 1404.805 Section 1404.805 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE MATTERS Contract Files 1404.805 Disposal of contract files. Disposition of files shall be...

Software to Compare NPP HDF5 Data Files

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wiegand, Chiu P.; LeMoigne-Stewart, Jacqueline; Ruley, LaMont T.

2013-01-01

This software was developed for the NPOESS (National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System) Preparatory Project (NPP) Science Data Segment. The purpose of this software is to compare HDF5 (Hierarchical Data Format) files specific to NPP and report whether the HDF5 files are identical. If the HDF5 files are different, users have the option of printing out the list of differences in the HDF5 data files. The user provides paths to two directories containing a list of HDF5 files to compare. The tool would select matching HDF5 file names from the two directories and run the comparison on each file. The user can also select from three levels of detail. Level 0 is the basic level, which simply states whether the files match or not. Level 1 is the intermediate level, which lists the differences between the files. Level 2 lists all the details regarding the comparison, such as which objects were compared, and how and where they are different. The HDF5 tool is written specifically for the NPP project. As such, it ignores certain attributes (such as creation_date, creation_ time, etc.) in the HDF5 files. This is because even though two HDF5 files could represent exactly the same granule, if they are created at different times, the creation date and time would be different. This tool is smart enough to ignore differences that are not relevant to NPP users.

Spatial Distribution and Secular Variation of Geomagnetic Filed in China Described by the CHAOS-6 Model and its Error Analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Z.; Gu, Z.; Chen, B.; Yuan, J.; Wang, C.

2016-12-01

The CHAOS-6 geomagnetic field model, presented in 2016 by the Denmark's national space institute (DTU Space), is a model of the near-Earth magnetic field. According the CHAOS-6 model, seven component data of geomagnetic filed at 30 observatories in China in 2015 and at 3 observatories in China spanning the time interval 2008.0-2016.5 were calculated. Also seven component data of geomagnetic filed from the geomagnetic data of practical observations in China was obtained. Based on the model calculated data and the practical data, we have compared and analyzed the spatial distribution and the secular variation of the geomagnetic field in China. There is obvious difference between the two type data. The CHAOS-6 model cannot describe the spatial distribution and the secular variation of the geomagnetic field in China with comparative precision because of the regional and local magnetic anomalies in China.

78 FR 43194 - Combined Notice of Filings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-19

... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Combined Notice of Filings Take notice that the Commission has received the following Natural Gas Pipeline Rate and Refund Report filings: Filings Instituting Proceedings Docket Numbers: RP13-1051-000. Applicants: Questar Pipeline Company...

77 FR 46432 - Combined Notice of Filings #1

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-03

... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Combined Notice of Filings 1 Take notice... Reform III Compliance Filing to be effective 1/1/2012. Filed Date: 7/25/12. Accession Number: 20120725... Power Canada Ltd. Description: ATCO Compliance Filing of Revised Tariff and Request for Category 1 to be...

76 FR 61094 - Combined Notice of Filings #1

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-03

... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Combined Notice of Filings 1 Take notice..., October 12, 2011. Docket Numbers: ER11-4567-001. Applicants: Pypha Energy LLC. Description: Pypha Energy LLC submits tariff filing per 35: Baseline MBR Tariff Filing to be effective 9/20/2011. Filed Date: 09...

78 FR 44556 - Combined Notice of Filings #1

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-24

.... Applicants: PacifiCorp. Description: Klamath Energy Construction Agreement to be effective 9/16/2013. Filed.... Description: Initial Eligo Energy Market Based Rate Filing to be effective 7/17/2013. Filed Date: 7/17/13... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Combined Notice of Filings 1 Take notice...

76 FR 30329 - Combined Notice of Filings #1

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-25

...: Termination of Morgantown POD Construction Agreement to be effective 7/ 4/2011. Filed Date: 05/18/2011... Filing in Response to the September 3, 2010 Order Approving Petition and Directing Compliance Filing.... The filings in the above proceedings are accessible in the Commission's eLibrary system by clicking on...

47 CFR 61.20 - Method of filing publications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 3 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Method of filing publications. 61.20 Section 61...) TARIFFS General Rules for Nondominant Carriers § 61.20 Method of filing publications. (a) All issuing carriers that file tariffs shall file all tariff publications and associated documents, such as transmittal...

Incidence of Apical Crack Initiation during Canal Preparation using Hand Stainless Steel (K-File) and Hand NiTi (Protaper) Files.

PubMed

Soni, Dileep; Raisingani, Deepak; Mathur, Rachit; Madan, Nidha; Visnoi, Suchita

2016-01-01

To evaluate the incidence of apical crack initiation during canal preparation with stainless steel K-files and hand protaper files (in vitro study). Sixty extracted mandibular premo-lar teeth are randomly selected and embedded in an acrylic tube filled with autopolymerizing resin. A baseline image of the apical surface of each specimen was recorded under a digital microscope (80×). The cervical and middle thirds of all samples were flared with #2 and #1 Gates-Glidden (GG) drills, and a second image was recorded. The teeth were randomly divided into four groups of 15 teeth each according to the file type (hand K-file and hand-protaper) and working length (WL) (instrumented at WL and 1 mm less than WL). Final image after dye penetration and photomicrograph of the apical root surface were digitally recorded. Maximum numbers of cracks were observed with hand protaper files compared with hand K-file at the WL and 1 mm short of WL. Chi-square testing revealed a highly significant effect of WL on crack formation at WL and 1 mm short of WL (p = 0.000). Minimum numbers of cracks at WL and 1 mm short of WL were observed with hand K-file and maximum with hand protaper files. Soni D, Raisingani D, Mathur R, Madan N, Visnoi S. Incidence of Apical Crack Initiation during Canal Preparation using Hand Stainless Steel (K-File) and Hand NiTi (Protaper) Files. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2016;9(4):303-307.

Documenting AUTOGEN and APGEN Model Files

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gladden, Roy E.; Khanampompan, Teerapat; Fisher, Forest W.; DelGuericio, Chris c.

2008-01-01

A computer program called "autogen hypertext map generator" satisfies a need for documenting and assisting in visualization of, and navigation through, model files used in the AUTOGEN and APGEN software mentioned in the two immediately preceding articles. This program parses autogen script files, autogen model files, PERL scripts, and apgen activity-definition files and produces a hypertext map of the files to aid in the navigation of the model. This program also provides a facility for adding notes and descriptions, beyond what is in the source model represented by the hypertext map. Further, this program provides access to a summary of the model through variable, function, sub routine, activity and resource declarations as well as providing full access to the source model and source code. The use of the tool enables easy access to the declarations and the ability to traverse routines and calls while analyzing the model.

Digital Earth for Earth Sciences and Public Education

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Foresman, T. W.

2006-12-01

Buckminster Fuller was an early advocate for better comprehension of the planet and its resources related to human affairs. A comprehensive vision was articulated by a US Vice President and quickly adopted by the world's oldest country China.. Digital Earth brings fresh perspective on the current state of affairs and connects citizens with scientists through the applications of 3D visualization, spinning globes, virtual Earths, and the current collaboration with Virtual Globes. The prowess of Digital Earth technology has been so successful in both understanding and communicating the more challenging topics for global change and climate change phenomena that China has assigned it priority status with the Ministry of Science and Technology and the Chinese Academy of Sciences. New Zealand has recently begun to adjust its national strategies for sustainability with the technologies of Digital Earth. A comprehensive coverage of the results compiled over the past seven years is presented to place a foundation for the science and engineering community to prepare to align with this compelling science enterprise as a fundamental new paradigm for the registration, storage, and access of science data and information through the emerging Digital Earth Exchange under protocols developed for the Digital Earth Reference Model.

20 CFR 10.737 - How is a LEO claim filed, and who can file a LEO claim?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... Form CA-721; a death claim should be filed on Form CA-722. All claims should be submitted to the... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false How is a LEO claim filed, and who can file a...' COMPENSATION ACT, AS AMENDED Special Provisions Non-Federal Law Enforcement Officers § 10.737 How is a LEO...

20 CFR 10.737 - How is a LEO claim filed, and who can file a LEO claim?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Form CA-721; a death claim should be filed on Form CA-722. All claims should be submitted to the... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false How is a LEO claim filed, and who can file a...' COMPENSATION ACT, AS AMENDED Special Provisions Non-Federal Law Enforcement Officers § 10.737 How is a LEO...

20 CFR 10.737 - How is a LEO claim filed, and who can file a LEO claim?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... Form CA-721; a death claim should be filed on Form CA-722. All claims should be submitted to the... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false How is a LEO claim filed, and who can file a...' COMPENSATION ACT, AS AMENDED Special Provisions Non-Federal Law Enforcement Officers § 10.737 How is a LEO...

20 CFR 10.737 - How is a LEO claim filed, and who can file a LEO claim?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... Form CA-721; a death claim should be filed on Form CA-722. All claims should be submitted to the... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2014-04-01 2012-04-01 true How is a LEO claim filed, and who can file a...' COMPENSATION ACT, AS AMENDED Special Provisions Non-Federal Law Enforcement Officers § 10.737 How is a LEO...

20 CFR 10.737 - How is a LEO claim filed, and who can file a LEO claim?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... Form CA-721; a death claim should be filed on Form CA-722. All claims should be submitted to the... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2013-04-01 2012-04-01 true How is a LEO claim filed, and who can file a...' COMPENSATION ACT, AS AMENDED Special Provisions Non-Federal Law Enforcement Officers § 10.737 How is a LEO...

77 FR 71791 - Combined Notice of Filings #1

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-04

... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Combined Notice of Filings 1 Take notice.... submits tariff filing per 35.1: New Baseline Refile to be effective 11/27/2012. Filed Date: 11/26/12... of Florida Power Corporation to be effective 1/1/2013. Filed Date: 11/26/12. Accession Number...

77 FR 48510 - Combined Notice of Filings #2

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-14

... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Combined Notice of Filings 2 Take notice that the Commission received the following electric rate filings: Docket Numbers: ER10-1823-001; ER10...: Attachment K Compliance Filing--SD OATT to be effective 8/2/2012. Filed Date: 8/7/12. Accession Number...

76 FR 17407 - Combined Notice of Filings #2

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-29

... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Combined Notice of Filings 2 Take notice... Operator Corporation submits tariff filing per 35.13(a)(2)(iii: 2011-03-18 CAISO Tariff Filing to be... Description: Carolina Power & Light Company submits tariff filing per 35.13(a)(2)(iii: Rate Schedule No. 182...

75 FR 45620 - Combined Notice of Filings #2

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-03

..., LLC. Description: FPL Energy Oliver Wind I, LLC submits tariff filing per 35.12: Oliver I Baseline... Energy South Dakota Wind, LLC submits tariff filing per 35.12: South Dakota Baseline Filing, to be..., Inc. Description: FPL Energy Stateline II, Inc. submits tariff filing per 35.12: Stateline II Baseline...

78 FR 61943 - Combined Notice of Filings #2

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-07

... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Combined Notice of Filings 2 Take notice that the Commission received the following electric rate filings: Docket Numbers: ER11-4636-003. Applicants: Portland General Electric Company. Description: Colstrip compliance filing to be effective 10/1/2013. Filed Date: 9/27/13. Accession Number...

76 FR 64340 - Combined Notice of Filings #1

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-18

... that the Commission received the following electric rate filings: Docket Numbers: ER11-4042-001...: FERC Electric Rate Schedule No. 43--SFA Compliance Filing to be effective 9/28/2011. Filed Date: 10/05... Power, LLC submits tariff filing per 35: Columbia Utilities Power FERC Electric Tariff to be effective 9...

47 CFR 76.1800 - Additional reports and filings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Additional reports and filings. 76.1800 Section 76.1800 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) BROADCAST RADIO SERVICES MULTICHANNEL VIDEO AND CABLE TELEVISION SERVICE Reports and Filings § 76.1800 Additional reports and filings. In addition to the reports and filings...

47 CFR 76.1800 - Additional reports and filings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Additional reports and filings. 76.1800 Section 76.1800 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) BROADCAST RADIO SERVICES MULTICHANNEL VIDEO AND CABLE TELEVISION SERVICE Reports and Filings § 76.1800 Additional reports and filings. In addition to the reports and filings...

78 FR 36181 - Combined Notice of Filings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-17

... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Combined Notice of Filings Take notice that the Commission has received the following Natural Gas Pipeline Rate and Refund Report filings: Filings Instituting Proceedings Docket Numbers: RP13-968-000. Applicants: Sea Robin Pipeline Company, LLC...

78 FR 45921 - Combined Notice of Filings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-30

... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Combined Notice of Filings Take notice that the Commission has received the following Natural Gas Pipeline Rate and Refund Report filings: Filings Instituting Proceedings Docket Numbers: RP13-1091-000. Applicants: Stingray Pipeline Company, L.L...

77 FR 58984 - Combined Notice of Filings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-25

... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Combined Notice of Filings Take notice that the Commission has received the following Natural Gas Pipeline Rate and Refund Report filings: Filings Instituting Proceedings Docket Numbers: RP12-1041-000. Applicants: Hess Corporation, Delta Energy...

78 FR 19474 - Combined Notice of Filings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-01

... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Combined Notice of Filings Take notice that the Commission has received the following Natural Gas Pipeline Rate and Refund Report filings: Filings Instituting Proceedings Docket Numbers: RP13-702-000. Applicants: Egan Hub Storage, LLC...

77 FR 65873 - Combined Notice of Filings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-31

... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Combined Notice of Filings Take notice that the Commission has received the following Natural Gas Pipeline Rate and Refund Report filings: Filings Instituting Proceedings Docket Numbers: RP13-175-000 Applicants: Granite State Gas Transmission...

78 FR 39723 - Combined Notice of Filings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-02

... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Combined Notice of Filings Take notice that the Commission has received the following Natural Gas Pipeline Rate and Refund Report filings: Filings Instituting Proceedings Docket Numbers: RP13-993-000. Applicants: Granite State Gas Transmission...

78 FR 42515 - Combined Notice of Filings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-16

... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Combined Notice of Filings Take notice that the Commission has received the following Natural Gas Pipeline Rate and Refund Report filings: Filings Instituting Proceedings Docket Numbers: RP13-1048-000. Applicants: Equitrans, L.P. Description...

78 FR 46935 - Combined Notice of Filings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-02

... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Combined Notice of Filings Take notice that the Commission has received the following Natural Gas Pipeline Rate and Refund Report filings: Filings Instituting Proceedings Docket Numbers: RP13-1094-000. Applicants: Vector Pipeline L.P...

77 FR 56829 - Combined Notice of Filings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-14

... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Combined Notice of Filings Take notice that the Commission has received the following Natural Gas Pipeline Rate and Refund Report filings: Filings Instituting Proceedings Docket Numbers: RP12-967-000. Applicants: Natural Gas Pipeline Company of...

78 FR 35621 - Combined Notice of Filings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-13

... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Combined Notice of Filings Take notice that the Commission has received the following Natural Gas Pipeline Rate and Refund Report filings: Filings Instituting Proceedings Docket Numbers: RP13-967-000. Applicants: Black Marlin Pipeline Company...

77 FR 59183 - Combined Notice of Filings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-26

... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Combined Notice of Filings Take notice that the Commission has received the following Natural Gas Pipeline Rate and Refund Report filings: Filings Instituting Proceedings Docket Numbers: RP12-1043-000. Applicants: CenterPoint Energy--Mississippi...

77 FR 13587 - Combined Notice of Filings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-07

... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Combined Notice of Filings Take notice that the Commission has received the following Natural Gas Pipeline Rate and Refund Report filings: Filings Instituting Proceedings Docket Numbers: RP12-417-000. Applicants: Viking Gas Transmission Company...

78 FR 14782 - Combined Notice of Filings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-07

... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Combined Notice of Filings Take notice that the Commission has received the following Natural Gas Pipeline Rate and Refund Report filings: Filings Instituting Proceedings Docket Numbers: RP13-587-000. Applicants: Viking Gas Transmission Company...

78 FR 44106 - Combined Notice of Filings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-23

... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Combined Notice of Filings Take notice that the Commission has received the following Natural Gas Pipeline Rate and Refund Report filings: Filings Instituting Proceedings Docket Numbers: RP13-1073-000. Applicants: Equitrans, L.P. Description...

78 FR 11633 - Combined Notice of Filings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-19

... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Combined Notice of Filings Take notice that the Commission has received the following Natural Gas Pipeline Rate and Refund Report filings: Filings Instituting Proceedings Docket Numbers: RP13-553-000. Applicants: TC Offshore LLC. Description...

78 FR 45520 - Combined Notice of Filings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-29

... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Combined Notice of Filings Take notice that the Commission has received the following Natural Gas Pipeline Rate and Refund Report filings: Filings Instituting Proceedings Docket Numbers: RP13-1089-000. Applicants: Golden Pass Pipeline LLC...

78 FR 45520 - Combined Notice of Filings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-29

... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Combined Notice of Filings Take notice that the Commission has received the following Natural Gas Pipeline Rate and Refund Report filings: Filings Instituting Proceedings Docket Numbers: RP13-1085-000. Applicants: Natural Gas Pipeline Company of...

77 FR 51985 - Combined Notice of Filings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-28

... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Combined Notice of Filings Take notice that the Commission has received the following Natural Gas Pipeline Rate and Refund Report filings: Filings Instituting Proceedings Docket Numbers: RP12-947-000. Applicants: Eastern Shore Natural Gas...

77 FR 60416 - Combined Notice of Filings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-03

... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Combined Notice of Filings Take notice that the Commission has received the following Natural Gas Pipeline Rate and Refund Report filings: Filings Instituting Proceedings Docket Numbers: RP12-1052-000. Applicants: Natural Gas Pipeline Company of...

78 FR 42059 - Combined Notice of Filings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-15

... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Combined Notice of Filings Take notice that the Commission has received the following Natural Gas Pipeline Rate and Refund Report filings: Filings Instituting Proceedings Docket Numbers: RP13-1044-000. Applicants: Algonquin Gas Transmission, LLC...

Why Earth Science?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smith, Michael J.

2004-01-01

This article briefly describes Earth science. The study of Earth science provides the foundation for an understanding of the Earth, its processes, its resources, and its environment. Earth science is the study of the planet in its entirety, how its lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere work together as systems and how they affect…

78 FR 70547 - Combined Notice of Filings #1

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-26

... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Combined Notice of Filings 1 Take notice... Colorado. Description: 2013-11-15-SPS-Cancellation of Attach-R to be effective 1/14/2014. Filed Date: 11/15... Energy MBR Tariff Filing to be effective 1/6/2014. Filed Date: 11/15/13. Accession Number: 20131115-5158...

76 FR 65713 - Combined Notice of Filings #1

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-24

... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Combined Notice of Filings 1 Take notice.... submits tariff filing per 35.17(b): Supplemental Filing to Schedule 21-VEC Revisions to be effective 4/1... effective 12/1/2011. Filed Date: 10/13/2011. Accession Number: 20111013-5038. Comment Date: 5 p.m. Eastern...

76 FR 356 - Combined Notice of Filings #2

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-04

... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Combined Notice of Filings 2 December 21... tariff filing per 35.12: Market-Based Rate Initial Tariff Baseline to be effective 2/28/ 2011. Filed Date... filing per 35.13(a)(2)(iii): WAPA-Black Hills Windstar Boundary Metering Agreement to be effective 12/31...

76 FR 51019 - Combined Notice of Filings #1

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-17

... of Succession for Interconnection Agreement to be effective 10/9/2011. Filed Date: 08/09/2011....13(a)(2)(iii): Filing of Notice of Succession to be effective 10/10/2011. Filed Date: 08/10/2011... of Notice of Succession to be effective 10/10/2011. Filed Date: 08/10/2011. Accession Number...

78 FR 34366 - Combined Notice of Filings #2

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-07

... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Combined Notice of Filings 2 Take notice that the Commission received the following electric rate filings: Docket Numbers: ER10-2331-020. Applicants: J.P. Morgan Ventures Energy Corporation. Description: Compliance filing to be effective 4/1/2013. Filed Date: 5/23/13. Accession Number:...

76 FR 35879 - Combined Notice of Filings #2

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-20

... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Combined Notice of Filings 2 Take notice that the Commission received the following electric rate filings: Docket Numbers: ER11-1829-002. Applicants: ISO New England Inc. Description: ISO New England Inc. submits tariff filing per 35: Conforming Tariff Record Filing to be effective 3/16...