Internal stress induced natural self-chemisorption of ZnO nanostructured films

PubMed Central

Chi, Po-Wei; Su, Chih-Wei; Wei, Da-Hua

2017-01-01

The energetic particles bombardment can produce large internal stress in the zinc oxide (ZnO) thin film, and it can be used to intentionally modify the surface characteristics of ZnO films. In this article, we observed that the internal stress increased from −1.62 GPa to −0.33 GPa, and the naturally wettability of the textured ZnO nanostructured films changed from hydrophobicity to hydrophilicity. According to analysis of surface chemical states, the naturally controllable wetting behavior can be attributed to hydrocarbon adsorbates on the nanostructured film surface, which is caused by tunable internal stress. On the other hand, the interfacial water molecules near the surface of ZnO nanostructured films have been identified as hydrophobic hydrogen structure by Fourier transform infrared/attenuated total reflection. Moreover, a remarkable near-band-edge emission peak shifting also can be observed in PL spectra due to the transition of internal stress state. Furthermore, our present ZnO nanostructured films also exhibited excellent transparency over 80% with a wise surface wetting switched from hydrophobic to hydrophilic states after exposing in ultraviolet (UV) surroundings. Our work demonstrated that the internal stress of the thin film not only induced natural wettability transition of ZnO nanostructured films, but also in turn affected the surface properties such as surface chemisorption. PMID:28233827

Internal stress induced natural self-chemisorption of ZnO nanostructured films

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chi, Po-Wei; Su, Chih-Wei; Wei, Da-Hua

2017-02-01

The energetic particles bombardment can produce large internal stress in the zinc oxide (ZnO) thin film, and it can be used to intentionally modify the surface characteristics of ZnO films. In this article, we observed that the internal stress increased from -1.62 GPa to -0.33 GPa, and the naturally wettability of the textured ZnO nanostructured films changed from hydrophobicity to hydrophilicity. According to analysis of surface chemical states, the naturally controllable wetting behavior can be attributed to hydrocarbon adsorbates on the nanostructured film surface, which is caused by tunable internal stress. On the other hand, the interfacial water molecules near the surface of ZnO nanostructured films have been identified as hydrophobic hydrogen structure by Fourier transform infrared/attenuated total reflection. Moreover, a remarkable near-band-edge emission peak shifting also can be observed in PL spectra due to the transition of internal stress state. Furthermore, our present ZnO nanostructured films also exhibited excellent transparency over 80% with a wise surface wetting switched from hydrophobic to hydrophilic states after exposing in ultraviolet (UV) surroundings. Our work demonstrated that the internal stress of the thin film not only induced natural wettability transition of ZnO nanostructured films, but also in turn affected the surface properties such as surface chemisorption.

Internal stress induced natural self-chemisorption of ZnO nanostructured films.

PubMed

Chi, Po-Wei; Su, Chih-Wei; Wei, Da-Hua

2017-02-24

The energetic particles bombardment can produce large internal stress in the zinc oxide (ZnO) thin film, and it can be used to intentionally modify the surface characteristics of ZnO films. In this article, we observed that the internal stress increased from -1.62 GPa to -0.33 GPa, and the naturally wettability of the textured ZnO nanostructured films changed from hydrophobicity to hydrophilicity. According to analysis of surface chemical states, the naturally controllable wetting behavior can be attributed to hydrocarbon adsorbates on the nanostructured film surface, which is caused by tunable internal stress. On the other hand, the interfacial water molecules near the surface of ZnO nanostructured films have been identified as hydrophobic hydrogen structure by Fourier transform infrared/attenuated total reflection. Moreover, a remarkable near-band-edge emission peak shifting also can be observed in PL spectra due to the transition of internal stress state. Furthermore, our present ZnO nanostructured films also exhibited excellent transparency over 80% with a wise surface wetting switched from hydrophobic to hydrophilic states after exposing in ultraviolet (UV) surroundings. Our work demonstrated that the internal stress of the thin film not only induced natural wettability transition of ZnO nanostructured films, but also in turn affected the surface properties such as surface chemisorption.

Mechanical properties of thin-film materials evaluated from amplitude-dependent internal friction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nishino, Yoichi

1999-09-01

A method is presented to evaluate the mechanical properties of thin-film materials from measurements of the amplitude-dependent internal friction. According to the constitutive equation, the internal friction in the film can be determined separately from measured damping of the film/substrate composite. The internal friction in aluminum films is dependent on the strain amplitude that is approximately two orders of magnitude higher than that for bulk aluminum. On the basis of the microplasticity theory, the amplitude-dependent internal friction in the film can be converted into the plastic strain as a function of effective stress on dislocation motion. The mechanical responses thus obtained for aluminum films show that the plastic strain of the order of 10-9 increases nonlinearly with increasing stress. These curves tend to shift to a higher stress with decreasing film thickness and also with decreasing temperature, both indicating a suppression of microplastic flow. The microflow stress at a constant level of the plastic strain varies inversely with the film thickness, provided the grain size is larger than the film thickness. The film thickness effect in the microplastic range can be well explained by the bowing of a dislocation segment whose ends are pinned at the film surface and at the film/substrate interface.

Gas loading apparatus for the Paris-Edinburgh press

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bocian, A.; Kamenev, K. V.; Bull, C. L.

2010-09-15

We describe the design and operation of an apparatus for loading gases into the sample volume of the Paris-Edinburgh press at room temperature and high pressure. The system can be used for studies of samples loaded as pure or mixed gases as well as for loading gases as pressure-transmitting media in neutron-scattering experiments. The apparatus consists of a high-pressure vessel and an anvil holder with a clamp mechanism. The vessel, designed to operate at gas pressures of up to 150 MPa, is used for applying the load onto the anvils located inside the clamp. This initial load is sufficient formore » sealing the pressurized gas inside the sample containing gasket. The clamp containing the anvils and the sample is then transferred into the Paris-Edinburgh press by which further load can be applied to the sample. The clamp has apertures for scattered neutron beams and remains in the press for the duration of the experiment. The performance of the gas loading system is illustrated with the results of neutron-diffraction experiments on compressed nitrogen.« less

A brief look at the history of the Deaconess Hospital, Edinburgh, 1894-1990.

PubMed

McNeill, E R; Wright, D; Demetriades, A K

2018-03-01

The Deaconess Hospital, Edinburgh, opened in 1894 and was the first establishment of its kind in the UK, maintained and wholly funded as it was by the Reformed Church. Through its 96-year lifetime it changed and evolved to time and circumstance. It was a school: for the training of nurses and deaconesses who took their practical skills all over the world. It was a sanctum: for the sick-poor before the NHS. It was a subsidiary: for the bigger hospitals of Edinburgh after amalgamation into the NHS. It was a specialised centre: as the Urology Department in Edinburgh and the Scottish Lithotripter centre. And now it is currently student accommodation. There is no single source to account for its history. Through the use of original material made available by the Lothian Health Services Archives - including Church of Scotland publications, patient records, a doctor's casebook and annual reports - we review its conception, purpose, development and running; its fate on joining the NHS, its identity in the latter years and finally its closure.

[Fifty years of the Polish School of Medicine at the University of Edinburgh (1941-1991)].

PubMed

Tomaszewski, W

1994-01-01

The Polish School of Medicine at the University of Edinburgh started in 1941 on the initiative of the University. It was destined for soldier-students in the Polish Forces in Great Britain. This academic institution, unique in the history of universities, was a joint Scottish-Polish enterprise. An Agreement was concluded between the Polish Government in London and the University of Edinburgh. The School was an independent Polish academic institution and, at the same time, an integral part of the University of Edinburgh. The students matriculated at the University. The University provided all the laboratory and clinical facilities necessary for teaching. Due to a lack of Polish professors for some chairs a few of them were held by Scottish professors. Attached to them were Polish lecturers but the examinations were then held in English. The diploma, originally valid only in Poland, became recognised in Great Britain following an Act of Parliament in 1947. There were 337 students, a number of them women. 227 obtained the degree M.B., Ch.B. The war ended in 1945. The School continued up till 1949. Poland was not free. The Nazi occupation of Poland was replaced by Soviet domination which was to last for over 40 years. Only 22 of the graduates returned home, about 100 settled in G. Britain, another 100 dispersed world wide. The "magnanimous gesture" of the University of Edinburgh was thereafter remembered with gratitude by the members of the Polish School. In 1961, on the occasion of the 20th anniversary of the School, the first reunion of the graduates was organised in Birmingham for those settled in Gr. Britain. The success of the reunion prompted decision on organising annual "English" gatherings of the Polish graduates in Gr. Britain. The first world reunion of the graduates took place in Edinburgh in 1966, attracting a large number of participants on this occasion of the 25th anniversary of the School. That immensely successful anniversary of the Polish School

The Duke of Edinburgh's Award: A "Simply Brilliant" Program

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lico, Abner

2008-01-01

While speaking to Gold Award Achievers in Toronto in 2002, Tony Comper, past President and Chief Executive Officer of the BMO Financial Group, referred to the Duke of Edinburgh's (DofE) Award as a program "so brilliantly simple, it's simply brilliant." This ironic statement has echoed in the Ontario division of the DofE Award ever since.…

Public health response to an outbreak of Legionnaires' disease in Edinburgh, United Kingdom, June 2012.

PubMed

McCormick, D; Thorn, S; Milne, D; Evans, C; Stevenson, J; Llano, M; Donaghy, M

2012-07-12

We report an outbreak comprising 50 confirmed cases of Legionnaires' disease in Edinburgh, Scotland, June 2012. In addition, there were 49 suspected cases. Epidemiological evidence suggests that a common outdoor airborne exposure occurred over south-west Edinburgh. This probably emanated from cooling towers in the north-east of the affected area, although not yet clearly linked by scientific evidence. The co-ordinated public health, environmental and clinical response helped prevent ongoing exposure and mitigated associated mortality and morbidity.

Flood-inundation maps for the Driftwood River and Sugar Creek near Edinburgh, Indiana

USGS Publications Warehouse

Fowler, Kathleen K.; Kim, Moon H.; Menke, Chad D.

2012-01-01

Digital flood-inundation maps for an 11.2 mile reach of the Driftwood River and a 5.2 mile reach of Sugar Creek, both near Edinburgh, Indiana, were created by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the Camp Atterbury Joint Maneuver Training Center, Edinburgh, Indiana. The inundation maps, which can be accessed through the USGS Flood Inundation Mapping Science Web site at http://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation/, depict estimates of the areal extent of flooding corresponding to selected water levels (stages) at the USGS streamgage 03363000 Driftwood River near Edinburgh, Ind. Current conditions at the USGS streamgage in Indiana may be obtained on the Internet at http://waterdata.usgs.gov/in/nwis/current/?type=flow. In addition, the information has been provided to the National Weather Service (NWS) for incorporation into their Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service (AHPS) flood warning system at http://water.weather.gov/ahps/. The NWS forecasts flood hydrographs at many places that are often collocated at USGS streamgages. That forecasted peak-stage information, also available on the Internet, may be used in conjunction with the maps developed in this study to show predicted areas of flood inundation. For this study, flood profiles were computed for the stream reaches by means of a one-dimensional step-backwater model. The model was calibrated using the most current stage-discharge relations at the USGS streamgage 03363000 Driftwood River near Edinburgh, Ind. The hydraulic model was then used to determine elevations throughout the study reaches for nine water-surface profiles for flood stages at 1-ft intervals referenced to the streamgage datum and ranging from bankfull to nearly the highest recorded water level at the USGS streamgage 03363000 Driftwood River near Edinburgh, Ind. The simulated water-surface profiles were then combined with a geospatial digital elevation model (derived from Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data) in order to

The 1910 Edinburgh World Missionary Conference and Comparative Colonial Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jensz, Felicity

2018-01-01

In 1910 some 1200 delegates from Protestant missionary societies came together in Edinburgh, Scotland to attend a World Missionary Conference. In preparation for this event eight commissions were established to research various topics of importance to missionary societies. Commission III was dedicated to 'Education in Relation to the…

Study on Gas-liquid Falling Film Flow in Internal Heat Integrated Distillation Column

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Chong

2017-10-01

Gas-liquid internally heat integrated distillation column falling film flow with nonlinear characteristics, study on gas liquid falling film flow regulation control law, can reduce emissions of the distillation column, and it can improve the quality of products. According to the distribution of gas-liquid mass balance internally heat integrated distillation column independent region, distribution model of heat transfer coefficient of building internal heat integrated distillation tower is obtained liquid distillation falling film flow in the saturated vapour pressure of liquid water balance, using heat transfer equation and energy equation to balance the relationship between the circulating iterative gas-liquid falling film flow area, flow parameter information, at a given temperature, pressure conditions, gas-liquid flow falling film theory makes the optimal parameters to achieve the best fitting value with the measured values. The results show that the geometric gas-liquid internally heat integrated distillation column falling film flow heat exchange area and import column thermostat, the average temperature has significant. The positive correlation between the heat exchanger tube entrance due to temperature difference between inside and outside, the heat flux is larger, with the increase of internal heat integrated distillation column temperature, the slope decreases its temperature rise, which accurately describes the internal gas-liquid heat integrated distillation tower falling film flow regularity, take appropriate measures to promote the enhancement of heat transfer. It can enhance the overall efficiency of the heat exchanger.

PREFACE: 15th International Conference on Thin Films (ICTF-15)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Takai, Osamu; Saito, Nagahiro; Zettsu, Nobuyuki; Cho, Sung-Pyo; Terashima, Chiaki; Ueno, Tomonaga; Sakai, Osamu; Miyazaki, Seiichi; Yoshimura, Kazuki; Akamatsu, Kensuke; Ito, Takahiro; Yogo, Toshinobu; Inoue, Yasushi; Ohtake, Naoto; Yoshida, Tsukasa; Tosa, Masahiro; Takai, Madoka; Fujiwara, Yasufumi; Matsuda, Naoki; Teshima, Katsuya; Seki, Takahiro; Matsunaga, Katsuyuki; Fujita, Daisuke

2013-03-01

The International Conference on Thin Films is the most established conference for all researchers and persons interested in thin films and coatings. It is one of the tri-annual conference series endorsed and co-organized by the Thin Film Division of the International Union for Vacuum Science, Technique and Applications (IUVSTA), a union of national member societies whose role is to stimulate international collaboration in the fields of vacuum science, techniques and applications and related multi-disciplinary topics including solid-vacuum and other interfaces. The 15th International Conference on Thin Films (ICTF-15) is organized by The Vacuum Society of Japan (VSJ) and held at Kyoto TERRSA in Kyoto, Japan on 8-11 November 2011, following the 14th International Conference on Thin Films (ICTF-14), which was held in Ghent, Belgium in 2008. Thin films and coatings are daily becoming increasingly important in the fields of various industries. This International Conference provides a multi-disciplinary forum for recent advances in basic research, development and applications of thin films and coatings. This conference will present a unique opportunity for researchers, engineers and managers to acquire new knowledge of thin films and coatings. We hope that our understanding on thin films and coatings will be deepened through this conference. The conference site, 'Kyoto TERRSA' is located in the historical heart of the old capital Kyoto. Kyoto is an ancient city with a 1200-year history. It was established as Japan's capital under the name 'Heian-kyo' in the year 794. Although many transformations have taken place over the years, Kyoto has always embraced the most advanced standards of the times. It has greatly contributed to the nation's industrial, economic and cultural development. The dauntless spirit of leadership of Kyoto's past as a capital city is still felt here today. Kyoto also preserves the beloved examples of its culture as testimonials of time. This is shown

Edinburgh, the Scottish pioneers of anatomy and their lasting influence in South Africa.

PubMed

Correia, J C; Wessels, Q; Vorster, W

2013-11-01

The history of the origin of anatomy education in South Africa is the history of an arduous journey through time. The lasting influence of Edinburgh came in the form of Robert Black Thomson. He was a student and assistant of Sir William Turner who gave rise to the first chair of anatomy and the establishment of a department at the South African College, known today as University of Cape Town. Thomson was later succeeded by Matthew Drennan, a keen anthropologist, who was revered by his students. This Scottish link prevailed over time with the appointment of Edward Philip Stibbe as the chair of anatomy at the South African School of Mines and Technology, which later became the University of the Witwatersrand. Stibbe's successor, Raymond Arthur Dart, a graduate of the University of Sydney, was trained in an anatomy department sculpted on that of Edinburgh by Professor James Thomas Wilson. Wilson's influence at the University of Sydney can be traced back to Edinburgh and William Turner through Thomas Anderson Stuart. Both Dart and Robert Broom, another Scot, were considered as Africa's wild men by the late Professor Tobias. Here, the authors explore the Scottish link and origins of anatomy pedagogy in South Africa.

Internal Stress and Microstructure of Zinc Oxide Films Sputter-Deposited with Carbon Dioxide Gas

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Toru Ashida,; Kazuhiro Kato,; Hideo Omoto,; Atsushi Takamatsu,

2010-06-01

The internal stress and microstructure of ZnO films were investigated as a function of carbon dioxide (CO2) gas flow ratio [CO2/(O2+CO2)] during sputter deposition. The internal stress of the ZnO films decreased with increasing CO2 gas flow ratio. The carbon concentration in the films deposited using CO2 gas increased by up to 4.0 at. %. Furthermore, the ZnO films deposited without CO2 gas exhibited a preferred orientation of (002); however, the C-doped ZnO films exhibited random orientations. These findings suggest that the C atoms incorporated in the ZnO crystal lattice induce this random orientation, thereby relaxing the internal stress of C-doped ZnO films.

Edinburgh Emergency Asthma Admission Service: report on 10 years' experience.

PubMed Central

Crompton, G K; Grant, I W; Bloomfield, P

1979-01-01

In December 1968 an emergency service was begun in Edinburgh to expedite admission to hospital of patients with severe acute asthma. During the first 10 years requests were made to admit 112 patients to a respiratory unit with provision for intensive care on 360 occasions. Four of the patients died of their disease, one in hospital and three before admission. It was thought that the death rate would have been much higher had conventional admission procedures been observed. Owing to ethical objections to a controlled trial it was not possible to obtain substantive proof that the service reduced deaths from asthma. Nevertheless, there was strong circumstantial evidence that organised facilities for the immediate admission to hospital of patients with a history of life-threatening attacks would result in fewer deaths at home. Earlier admission also apparently reduced hospital mortality and the number of patients requiring tracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. It is concluded that there is a prima facie case for an emergency asthma admission serivce similar to that operating in Edinburgh to be established in all cities and large towns. PMID:519358

Redefining the Poet as Healer: Valerie Gillies's Collaborative Role in the Edinburgh Marie Curie Hospice Quiet Room Project.

PubMed

Severin, Laura

2015-01-01

This article examines the poetic contribution of Valerie Gillies, Edinburgh Makar (or poet of the city) from 2005-2008, to the Edinburgh Marie Curie Hospice Quiet Room, a new contemplation space for patients, families, and staff. In collaboration with others, Gillies created a transitional space for the Quiet Room, centered on the display of her sonnet, "A Place Apart." This space functions to comfort visitors to the Quiet Room by relocating them in their surroundings and offering the solace provided by nature and history. With this project, her first as Edinburgh Makar, Gillies redefines the role of the poet as healer and advocates for newer forms of palliative care that focus on patients' spiritual and emotional, as well as physical, wellbeing.

Containment system for experiments on radioactive and other hazardous materials in a Paris-Edinburgh press

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jacobsen, M. K., E-mail: mjacobsen@lanl.gov; Velisavljevic, N.

2015-11-15

Recent technical developments using the large volume Paris-Edinburgh press platform have enabled x-ray synchrotron studies at high pressure and temperature conditions. However, its application to some materials of interest, such as high hazard materials that require special handling due to safety issues, reactivity, or other challenges, has not been feasible without the introduction of special containment systems to eliminate the hazards. However, introduction of a containment system is challenging due to the requirement to provide full safety containment for operation in the variety of environments available, while not hindering any of the experimental probes that are available for inert samplemore » measurement. In this work, we report on the development and implementation of a full safety enclosure for a Paris-Edinburgh type press. During the initial development and subsequent application stage of work, experiments were performed on both cerium dioxide (CeO{sub 2}) and uranium (U). This device allows for full implementation of all currently available experimental probes involving the Paris-Edinburgh press at the High Pressure Collaborative Access Team sector of the Advanced Photon Source.« less

Containment system for experiments on radioactive and other hazardous materials in a Paris-Edinburgh press

DOE PAGES

Jacobsen, M. K.; Velisavljevic, N.

2015-11-20

Recent technical developments using the large volume Paris-Edinburgh press platform have enabled x-ray synchrotron studies at high pressure and temperature conditions. However, its application to some materials of interest, such as high hazard materials that require special handling due to safety issues, reactivity, or other challenges, has not been feasible without the introduction of special containment systems to eliminate the hazards. However, introduction of a containment system is challenging due to the requirement to provide full safety containment for operation in the variety of environments available, while not hindering any of the experimental probes that are available for inert samplemore » measurement. In this work, we report on the development and implementation of a full safety enclosure for a Paris-Edinburgh type press. During the initial development and subsequent application stage of work, experiments were performed on both cerium dioxide (CeO2) and uranium (U). As a result, this device allows for full implementation of all currently available experimental probes involving the Paris-Edinburgh press at the High Pressure Collaborative Access Team sector of the Advanced Photon Source.« less

The University of Edinburgh Test of English at Matriculation: Validation Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lynch, Tony

1994-01-01

This paper reports on a two-part evaluation of the Test of English at Matriculation (TEAM) in use at the University of Edinburgh. TEAM has been used since 1987 to identify entering non-native speakers of English who are likely to be at risk linguistically and who should receive English language support. Separate samples of candidates' scores were…

Transport policy and health inequalities: a health impact assessment of Edinburgh's transport policy.

PubMed

Gorman, D; Douglas, M J; Conway, L; Noble, P; Hanlon, P

2003-01-01

Health impact assessment (HIA) can be used to examine the relationships between inequalities and health. This HIA of Edinburgh's transport policy demonstrates how HIA can examine how different transport policies can affect different population groupings to varying degrees. In this case, Edinburgh's economy is based on tourism, financial services and Government bodies. These need a good transport infrastructure, which maintains a vibrant city centre. A transport policy that promotes walking, cycling and public transport supports this and is also good for health. The HIA suggested that greater spend on public transport and supporting sustainable modes of transport was beneficial to health, and offered scope to reduce inequalities. This message was understood by the City Council and influenced the development of the city's transport and land-use strategies. The paper discusses how HIA can influence public policy.

Validation of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) on the Thai–Myanmar border

PubMed Central

Ing, Harriet; Fellmeth, Gracia; White, Jitrachote; Stein, Alan; Simpson, Julie A; McGready, Rose

2017-01-01

Postnatal depression is common and may have severe consequences for women and their children. Locally validated screening tools are required to identify at-risk women in marginalised populations. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) is one of the most frequently used tools globally. This cross-sectional study assessed the validity and acceptability of the EPDS in Karen and Burmese among postpartum migrant and refugee women on the Thai–Myanmar border. The EPDS was administered to participants and results compared with a diagnostic interview. Local staff provided feedback on the acceptability of the EPDS through a focus group discussion. Results from 670 women showed high accuracy and reasonable internal consistency of the EPDS. However, acceptability to local staff was low, limiting the utility of the EPDS in this setting despite its good psychometrics. Further work is required to identify a tool that is acceptable and sensitive to cultural manifestations of depression in this vulnerable population. PMID:28699396

A question of merit: John Hutton Balfour, Joseph Hooker and the 'concussion' over the Edinburgh chair of botany.

PubMed

Bellon, Richard

2005-03-01

In 1845, Robert Graham's death created a vacancy for the traditionally dual appointment to the University of Edinburgh's chair of botany and the Regius Keepership of the Edinburgh Royal Botanic Garden. John Hutton Balfour and Joseph Hooker emerged as the leading candidates. The contest quickly became embroiled in long running controversies over the nature and control of Scottish university education at a time of particular social and political tension after a recent schism in Church of Scotland. The politics of the appointment were complicated by the fact that the Edinburgh Town Council (which preferred Balfour) chose the chair while the keepership was under the patronage of the Westminster government (which preferred Hooker). Balfour eventually emerged triumphant after a bitter campaign marked on all sides by intense politicking. The struggle to replace Graham provides a case study in how Victorian men of science adapted their aspirations to the practical realities of life in industrial, reforming, imperial, multinational Britain.

International Film Guide 1972.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cowie, Peter, Ed.

Brief descriptions of film production activity in 44 countries and reviews of important films from these countries are presented, along with lists of films recently in production. A paragraph-long description of film festivals slated for 1972 is given. Sound track music available on records, 16mm films available in the United Kingdom and the…

Sir John Struthers (1823-1899), Professor of Anatomy in the University of Aberdeen (1863-1889), President of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh (1895-1897).

PubMed

Kaufman, M H

2015-11-01

Between 1841 and 1845 John Struthers attended both the University of Edinburgh and some of the various Extra-mural Schools of Medicine associated with Surgeons' Hall. While a medical student he became a Member of the Hunterian Medical Society of Edinburgh and later was elected one of their Annual Presidents. He graduated with the MD Edin and obtained both the LRCS Edin and the FRCS Edin diplomas in 1845. Shortly afterwards he was invited to teach Anatomy in Dr Handyside's Extra-mural School in Edinburgh. The College of Surgeons certified him to teach Anatomy in October 1847. He had two brothers, and all three read Medicine in Edinburgh. His younger brother, Alexander, died of cholera in the Crimea in 1855 while his older brother James, who had been a bachelor all his life, practised as a Consultant Physician in Leith Hospital, Edinburgh, until his death.When associated with Dr Handyside's Extra-mural School in Edinburgh, John taught Anatomy there until he was elected to the Chair of Anatomy in Aberdeen in 1863. Much of his time was spent in Aberdeen teaching Anatomy and in upgrading the administrative facilities there. He resigned from this Chair in 1889 and subsequently was elected President of Leith Hospital from 1891 to 1897. This was in succession to his older brother, James, who had died in 1891. Later, he was elected President of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh from 1895 to 1897 and acted as its Vice-President from 1897 until his death in 1899. In 1898, Queen Victoria knighted him. His youngest son, John William Struthers, was the only one of his clinically qualified sons to survive him and subsequently was elected President of the Edinburgh College of Surgeons from 1941 to 1943. © The Author(s) 2014.

Nonimaging light concentration using total internal reflection films.

PubMed

Ouellette, G; Waltham, C E; Drees, R M; Poon, A; Schubank, R; Whitehead, L A

1992-05-01

We present a method of fabricating nonimaging light concentrators from total internal reflection film. A prototype has been made and tested and found to operate in agreement with predictions of ray-tracing codes. The performance of the prototype is comparable with that of concentrators made from specular reflecting materials.

Low-temperature internal friction in quenched amorphous selenium films

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Metcalf, Thomas; Liu, Xiao; Abernathy, Matthew; Stephens, Richard

Using ultra-high-quality-factor silicon mechanical resonators, we have measured the internal friction and shear modulus of amorphous selenium (a-Se) films at liquid helium temperatures. The glass transition temperature of selenium lies at a conveniently accessible 40 -50° C, facilitating a series of in- and ex-situ annealing and quench cycles. The a-Se films exhibit the low-temperature internal friction plateau (10-4 <=Q-1 <=10-3) found in almost all amorphous solids, which is a result of (and direct measure of) a broad distribution of two-level tunneling systems (TLS), whose origin is still unknown. We find a clear correlation between the post-anneal quench rate and the value of this plateau. The implications of these observations for understanding the microscopic origin of TLS will be discussed. Principally, the observed changes in the internal friction plateau could show the way in which the density of TLS could be manipulated or suppressed in other amorphous systems. Work supported by the Office of Naval Research and the University of Pennsylvania Materials Research Science and Engineering Center.

Edinburgh University, Schools and the Civil Service in the Early Twentieth Century

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Anderson, Robert David

2013-01-01

This article is a case study of the relation between urban schooling and university education, using two main sources. Data on the schools attended by history students at Edinburgh University between 1899 and 1933 illustrate the diversity and social ranking of schools in the city. New higher grade schools had a key role in increasing access to…

History of dyspepsia in Scotland. Admissions to the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary 1729-1830, doctoral theses 1726-1823, and contemporary British publications.

PubMed

Baron, J H; Sonnenberg, A

2008-08-01

The aim of the study was to assess whether the rise in the occurrence of dyspepsia in Scotland during the eighteenth century was a true epidemiologic phenomenon or just an increase in medical awareness. Admissions for dyspepsia to the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary from 1729 until 1830 were analysed by consecutive five-year time periods. The titles of MD theses on dyspepsia from 1726 to 1823 were extracted from the Edinburgh University index. Monographs and articles on dyspepsia from Britain during the same time period were sought in the Catalogues of the US Surgeon-General's Library. During the eighteenth century, the annual number of dyspepsia patients admitted to the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary showed an extraordinary increase from none in 1730 to 900 per million population in 1760. About 4000 MD theses were presented to the Edinburgh University between 1726 and 1823. There were none on dyspepsia or gastritis between 1726 and 1749, after when it gradually started to rise. British publications on dyspepsia similarly appeared only in the 1790s and then rapidly increased. We suggest that the rise in MD theses and publications on dyspepsia were responses to a real increase in dyspepsia during the mid eighteenth century.

Maternity Charities, the Edinburgh Maternity Scheme and the Medicalisation of Childbirth, 1900–1925

PubMed Central

Nuttall, Alison

2011-01-01

Summary Increased medical involvement in maternal welfare has been linked with the introduction of local authority administered schemes associated with government concern for women's health that reached a peak during the First World War. Although local studies have noted the work of philanthropic groups, the implication has been that their contribution to the medicalisation of childbirth was small. This article uses analysis of the personal health records of users of Edinburgh's maternity charities to argue that the process of medicalisation was begun by these charities, and preceded the introduction of the Edinburgh Maternity and Child Welfare Scheme in 1917. However, whilst it is argued that initially the Scheme had limited impact, the article concludes that its funding and stability offered the opportunity for more dynamic management of abnormal pregnancies. Thus this encouraged a gradual shift in attitude to birth from an essentially physiological event to a potentially pathological incident.

Mechanical spectroscopy of nanocrystalline aluminum films: effects of frequency and grain size on internal friction.

PubMed

Sosale, Guruprasad; Almecija, Dorothée; Das, Kaushik; Vengallatore, Srikar

2012-04-20

Energy dissipation by internal friction is a property of fundamental interest for probing the effects of scale on mechanical behavior in nanocrystalline metallic films and for guiding the use of these materials in the design of high-Q micro/nanomechanical resonators. This paper describes an experimental study to measure the effects of frequency, annealing and grain size on internal friction at room temperature in sputter-deposited nanocrystalline aluminum films with thicknesses ranging from 60 to 120 nm. Internal friction was measured using a single-crystal silicon microcantilever platform that calibrates dissipation against the fundamental limits of thermoelastic damping. Internal friction was a weak function of frequency, reducing only by a factor of two over three decades of frequency (70 Hz to 44 kHz). Annealing led to significant grain growth and the average grain size of 100 nm thick films increased from 90 to 390 nm after annealing for 1 h at 450 (∘)C. This increase in grain size was accompanied by a decrease in internal friction from 0.05 to 0.02. Taken together, these results suggest that grain-boundary sliding, characterized by a spectrum of relaxation times, contributes to internal friction in these films. © 2012 IOP Publishing Ltd

Validation of the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale (EPDS) in a sample of women with high-risk pregnancies in France.

PubMed

Adouard, F; Glangeaud-Freudenthal, N M C; Golse, B

2005-06-01

This research is intended to validate the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) in a high-risk pregnant population. Sixty women attending antenatal consultations for pregnancy complication in a major Parisian maternity facility were included. They completed the EPDS and were then interviewed according to a standardised psychiatric interview. The study of its sensitivity, specificity and predictive values, with a DSM-IV diagnosis of major depression as the reference, found that 11.5 was the optimal cut-off score (Se 0.80; Sp 0.80). Its validity as an index of severity of depression was also good as well as internal consistency and reliability. Factor analysis showed that its internal structure is composed of two subscales (F2 "depression" and F1 with items reflecting depression and other disorders, including anxiety). The French version of the EPDS would be a valid instrument to identify pregnant women who are likely to have clinical major depression. The results may have to be confirmed on a community sample before clinical use.

Revalidation of the Malay Version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) Among Malay Postpartum Women Attending the Bakar Bata Health Center in Alor Setar, Kedah, North West Of Peninsular Malaysia

PubMed Central

Mahmud, Wan Mohd. Rushidi Wan; Awang, Amir; Mohamed, Mahmood Nazar

2003-01-01

Aim: To reevaluate the psychometric characteristics of the Malay version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale among a sample of postpartum Malay women attending the Bakar Bata Health Center in Alor Setar, Kedah, North West of Peninsular Malaysia. Materials and methods: 64 women between 4 to 12 weeks postpartum were recruited for there validation study. They were given questionnaires on socio-demography, the 21-item Malay version of the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) and the 10-item Malay version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). All the participants were later interviewed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS-17) and the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). All diagnoses were made based on the Tenth Edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) Results: 9 women (14.1%) were diagnosed to have significant depression (7 mild depressive episodes and 2 moderate depressive episodes according to ICD-10). EPDS was found to have good internal consistency (Cronbach alpha =0.86) and split half reliability (Spearman split half coefficient = 0.83). The instrument also showed satisfactory discriminant and concurrent validity as evidenced by the statistically significant difference in EPDS scores between the depressed group and their non-depressed counterparts (Mann Whitney U test: 2 tailed p value < 0.01) and good correlations between the instrument and both the Malay version of BDI-II and the HRDS-17 (Spearman rank correlation coefficients of 0.78 and 0.88 respectively). At the 11/12 cut-off score the sensitivity of the EPDS is 100%, with a specificity of 98.18%, positive predictive value of 90%, negative predictive value of 100 % and misclassification rate of 1.56%. Conclusion: This study confirmed the reliability and validity of the Malay version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale in identifying postpartum depression among recently delivered Malay women attending the Bata Bata Health Center

The Ripley Scroll of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh.

PubMed

McCallum, R I

1996-01-01

Alchemical scrolls associated with George Ripley are unusual documents which illustrate the pursuit of the Philosophers Stone. Scrolls vary from about 5 feet in length by 5 inches wide to over 20 feet long and about 3 feet wide. There are 16 scrolls in libraries in the UK and 4 in the USA. Ripley whose name is attached to the scrolls was a Canon of Bridlington in Yorkshire and lived from about 1415 to 1495. He is renowned as an alchemist and author of alchemical works in rhyme, and his verses are used on the scrolls. Some of the scrolls were produced in the 16th century, in Lübeck, probably at the request of John Dee the Elizabethan polymath. A Ripley scroll is in the library of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh to which it was presented in 1707. The only published description of this scroll appeared in 1876, and it has not apparently been studied since. Interest in Ripley scrolls has grown in recent years and there have been a number of publications describing them since 1990. The Edinburgh scroll is described and is compared with the other scrolls which have been seen personally or for which detailed descriptions have been published. The origin, significance and use of Ripley Scrolls are discussed in an attempt to define their contemporary role.

Direct measurement of intrinsic critical strain and internal strain in barrier films

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vellinga, W. P.; De Hosson, J. Th. M.; Bouten, P. C. P.

2011-08-01

Resistance measurements during uniaxial tensile deformation of very thin (10 nm) conducting oxide films deposited on 150 nm SiN films on polyethylene naphthalate are discussed. It is first shown that certain characteristics of resistance versus strain curves are representative for the fracture behavior of the SiN film and not for that of the thin conducting oxide film. Subsequently, it is shown that the hysteresis in curves of resistance as a function of strain offers a way to directly measure the intrinsic critical strain of the SiN film without the need to determine internal strains from independent (curvature) measurements that rely on knowledge of moduli and geometry. The method should be applicable, in general, to measure intrinsic critical strain and residual strains of thin brittle films on polymers. Advantages and limitations of the method are discussed.

Internal-Film Cooling of Rocket Nozzles

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sloop, J L; Kinney, George R

1948-01-01

Experiments were conducted with 1000-pound-thrust rocket engine to determine feasibility of cooling convergent-divergent nozzle by internal film of water introduced at nozzle entrance. Water flow of 3 percent of propellant flow reduced heat flow into nozzle to 55 percent of uncooled heat flow. Introduction of water by porous ring before nozzle resulted in more uniform coverage of nozzle than water introduced by single arrangement of 36 jets directed along nozzle wall. Water flow through porous ring of 3.5 percent of propellant flow stabilized wall temperature in convergent section but did not adequately cool throat or divergent sections.

Cross-cultural differences in color preferences: implication for international film distribution

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lee, Kyung Jae

2002-06-01

This paper proposes the necessity of manipulating colors of movie contents to fit diverse audiences around the world. Since films are highly color-dependent messages, it is critical to understand how people in different cultures respond differently to color. In recent years, the international market for filmed entertainment has grown more than the U.S. market. However, a lack of research on audience preferences shows no constant guide for the motion picture industry. The film production stage is often disregarded to deliver the appropriate visual color contents for local audience when U.S. films are distributed to foreign markets. Therefore, it is assumed that it would cause distractions for local audiences and it could result in poor ticket sales. When the U.S. produced films are distributed in Asia, colors of original films are always shown without manipulation. It is common that when a U.S. manufactured car is imported to Japan, a driver seat is installed on the right side and also other parts are modified for local customers. Film development is also significantly dependent on audience behavior, so film content also needs to be localized for the different culture. This paper will only address a hypothesis of the implementation of color marketing methodology present in motion pictures.

Video- Making a Film of Water Aboard the International Space Station (ISS)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

Saturday Morning Science, the science of opportunity series of applied experiments and demonstrations, performed aboard the International Space Station (ISS) by Expedition 6 astronaut Dr. Don Pettit, revealed some remarkable findings. In this video, Dr. Pettit demonstrates how to make films of pure water. Watch the video to see how he does it, see his two-dimensional beaker, and marvel along with him at how tenacious the films are.

The Royal Medical Society of Edinburgh: Sale of its Library at Sotheby's *

PubMed Central

Crawford, Helen

1970-01-01

The library of the Royal Medical Society of Edinburgh, which has been in existence for nearly 250 years, was sold by Sotheby & Co. of London at three auction sales during 1969. The author describes her attendance at the three sales, with emphasis on the most valuable items sold and the considerable acquisitions made for the Middleton Medical Library of the University of Wisconsin. Concluding observations concern some of the practical problems of acquiring antiquarian books at auction. Images PMID:5496237

Seeking a Philosophy of Music in Higher Education: The Case of Mid-Nineteenth Century Edinburgh

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Golding, Rosemary

2016-01-01

In 1851-2 the Trustees of the Reid bequest at the University of Edinburgh undertook an investigation into music education. Concerned that the funds which supported the Chair of Music should be spent as efficiently and effectively as possible, they consulted professional and academic musicians in search of new forms of teaching music at university…

The William Houston Medal of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh 2002.

PubMed

Teague, A M

2004-06-01

The William Houston medal is a prestigious prize awarded to the individual achieving the most outstanding examination performance at the Membership in Orthodontics examination for the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh. Five clinical cases treated by the candidate are presented as part of the final examination; two of these cases are described below. The first a Class III malocclusion, and the second a Class II division 1 malocclusion, were both treated by orthodontic camouflage.

Study on Relationships between Internal Stress and Photodecomposition Properties of Thin Film Titanium Dioxide Photocatalyst

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Miyamura, Amica; Kaneda, Kenji; Sato, Yasushi; Shigesato, Yuzo

Photocatalytic activities of titanium dioxide (TiO2) films deposited by rf sputtering were investigated from view points of their internal stress. TiO2 films were deposited on fused quartz glass or 100 μm thick micro-sheet glass substrates at room temperature, 200 or 400°C under various total gas pressures (Ptot) of 0.3~5.0 Pa with oxygen flow ratio [O2/(O2+Ar)] of 60% using a Ti metal target. Photocatalytic activity was evaluated by photodecomposition of acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) under UV illumination (black light lamp, 0.4 mW/cm2). Compressive internal stress was estimated by cantilever method using the micro-sheet glass, which clearly decreased from -2.1 to -0.1 GPa with the increase in the Ptot from 0.3 to 3.0 Pa. The films with the compressive stress less than -0.5 GPa performed the photocatalytic activity. Furthermore, compressive or tensile stress was applied by external force on the TiO2 films deposited on the curved micro sheet glasses by flattening these substrates after the deposition. The photodecomposition activity of the films with the slight compressive stress improved clearly, whereas the one of the films with the tensile stress degraded.

Cervical Screening for Women with Learning Disability: Current Practice and Attitudes within Primary Care in Edinburgh

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wood, Rachael; Douglas, Margaret

2007-01-01

This study aimed to evaluate current practice in, and to explore primary care professionals' views about, providing cervical screening to women with learning disability, in two areas of Edinburgh. A postal questionnaire was sent to all 24 GP practices in the project area: 20 responded. Seven respondents were invited to participate in follow up…

A 3 kbar hydrogen-compatible gas loader for Paris-Edinburgh presses

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Klotz, S.; Philippe, J.; Bull, C. L.; Loveday, J. S.; Nelmes, R. J.

2013-03-01

We present a device which allows compressed gases to be loaded into large volume opposed anvils used for high pressure neutron scattering in the multi-10 GPa range. The gases are initially loaded into clamps which can then be inserted into VX-Paris-Edinburgh load frames. The system is compatible with all inert gases as well as hydrogen and permits loading pressures of up to 3 kbar for which most gases have densities close to that of the liquid at ambient pressure. The device should have applications for the study of simple molecular solids as well as for loading gases as pressure-transmitting media.

Comparative Performance of Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale for Screening Antepartum Depression

PubMed Central

Zhong, Qiuyue; Gelaye, Bizu; Rondon, Marta; Sánchez, Sixto E; García, Pedro J; Sánchez, Elena; Barrios, Yasmin V; Simon, Gregory E.; Henderson, David C.; Cripe, Swee May; Williams, Michelle A

2014-01-01

Objective We sought to evaluate the psychometric properties of two widely used screening scales: the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) among pregnant Peruvian women. Methods This cross-sectional study included 1,517 women receiving prenatal care from February 2012 to March 2013. A structured interview was used to collect data using PHQ-9 and EPDS. We examined reliability, construct and concurrent validity between two scales using internal consistency indices, factor structures, correlations, and Cohen’s kappa. Results Both scales had good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha > 0.8). Correlation between PHQ-9 and EPDS scores was fair (rho=0.52). Based on exploratory factor analysis (EFA), both scales yielded a two-factor structure. EFA including all items from PHQ-9 and EPDS yielded four factors, namely, “somatization”, “depression and suicidal ideation”, “anxiety and depression”, and “anhedonia”. The agreement between the two scales was generally fair at different cutoff scores with the highest Cohen’s kappa being 0.46. Conclusions Both the PHQ-9 and EPDS are reliable and valid scales for antepartum depression assessment. The PHQ-9 captures somatic symptoms, while EPDS detects depressive symptoms comorbid with anxiety during early pregnancy. Our findings suggest simultaneous administration of both scales may improve identification of antepartum depressive disorders in clinical settings. PMID:24766996

Comparative performance of Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale for screening antepartum depression.

PubMed

Zhong, Qiuyue; Gelaye, Bizu; Rondon, Marta; Sánchez, Sixto E; García, Pedro J; Sánchez, Elena; Barrios, Yasmin V; Simon, Gregory E; Henderson, David C; Cripe, Swee May; Williams, Michelle A

2014-06-01

We sought to evaluate the psychometric properties of two widely used screening scales: the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) among pregnant Peruvian women. This cross-sectional study included 1517 women receiving prenatal care from February 2012 to March 2013. A structured interview was used to collect data using PHQ-9 and EPDS. We examined reliability, construct and concurrent validity between two scales using internal consistency indices, factor structures, correlations, and Cohen׳s kappa. Both scales had good internal consistency (Cronbach׳s alpha>0.8). Correlation between PHQ-9 and EPDS scores was fair (rho=0.52). Based on exploratory factor analysis (EFA), both scales yielded a two-factor structure. EFA including all items from PHQ-9 and EPDS yielded four factors, namely, "somatization", "depression and suicidal ideation", "anxiety and depression", and "anhedonia". The agreement between the two scales was generally fair at different cutoff scores with the highest Cohen׳s kappa being 0.46. Both the PHQ-9 and EPDS are reliable and valid scales for antepartum depression assessment. The PHQ-9 captures somatic symptoms, while EPDS detects depressive symptoms comorbid with anxiety during early pregnancy. Our findings suggest simultaneous administration of both scales may improve identification of antepartum depressive disorders in clinical settings. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The teaching of medicine at the University Centre for Health Sciences Yaounde, Cameroon: its concordance with the Edinburgh Declaration on medical education.

PubMed

Monekosso, G L

1993-07-01

The University Centre for Health Sciences (UCHS) or as it is referred to in French 'Centre Universitaire des Sciences de la Santé' (CUSS), became functional in 1969 with the enrollment of the first group of students. The objective of this training programme was to produce a scientifically sound, multipurpose doctor who would be fully operational in a rural setting with minimal equipment and supplies (Monekosso 1970, 1972). The graduate had to be able to adapt readily to new situations and improvise whenever possible, calling for a high degree of competence and initiative. The training strategies adopted by UCHS in 1969 which met this requirement were later found to be in close concordance with the tenets of the World Conference on Medical Education held in Edinburgh in 1988, the Edinburgh Declaration. While some of the terminology may not have been worked out at the time, the programme developed embraced some new concepts hitherto untried or undeveloped: the problem-solving approach in the first to the sixth year; an integrated teaching approach during the first to sixth year of medical training; an integrated medicine internship in district hospitals in the sixth year; a community-based training approach throughout the training; team training of three different health professionals; competency-based training; health services linked research; health services linked training (Monekosso & Quenum 1978). The concordance of this programme to the Edinburgh Declaration is of great interest in realizing the World Federation for Medical Education programme and implementing the Edinburgh Declaration. The involvement of the three innovative medical schools in the planning stage of the curriculum explains this concordance.

Death and the dead-house in Victorian asylums: necroscopy versus mourning at the Royal Edinburgh Asylum, C. 1832-1901.

PubMed

Andrews, Jonathan

2012-03-01

This article examines the management and meaning of post-mortem examinations, and the spatial ordering of patients' death, dissection and burial at the Victorian asylum, referencing a range of institutional contexts and exploiting a case study of the Royal Edinburgh Asylum. The routinizing of dissection and the development of the dead-house from a more marginal asylum sector to a lynchpin of laboratory medicine is stressed. External and internal pressure to modernize pathological research facilities is assessed alongside governmental, public and professional critiques of variable necroscopy practices. This is contextualized against wider issues and attitudes surrounding consent and funereal rituals. Onus is placed on tendencies in anatomizing insanity towards the conversion of deceased lunatics--pauper lunatics especially--into mere pathological specimens. On the other hand, significant but compromised resistance on the part of a minority of practitioners, relatives and the wider public is also identified.

Analysis of thin-film polymers using attenuated total internal reflection-Raman microspectroscopy.

PubMed

Tran, Willie; Tisinger, Louis G; Lavalle, Luis E; Sommer, André J

2015-01-01

Two methods commonly employed for molecular surface analysis and thin-film analysis of microscopic areas are attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR-IR) microspectroscopy and confocal Raman microspectroscopy. In the former method, the depth of the evanescent probe beam can be controlled by the wavelength of light, the angle of incidence, or the refractive index of the internal reflection element. Because the penetration depth is proportional to the wavelength of light, one could interrogate a smaller film thickness by moving from the mid-infrared region to the visible region employing Raman spectroscopy. The investigation of ATR Raman microspectroscopy, a largely unexplored technique available to Raman microspectroscopy, was carried out. A Renishaw inVia Raman microscope was externally modified and used in conjunction with a solid immersion lens (SIL) to perform ATR Raman experiments. Thin-film polymer samples were analyzed to explore the theoretical sampling depth for experiments conducted without the SIL, with the SIL, and with the SIL using evanescent excitation. The feasibility of micro-ATR Raman was examined by collecting ATR spectra from films whose thickness measured from 200 to 60 nm. Films of these thicknesses were present on a much thicker substrate, and features from the underlying substrate did not become visible until the thin film reached a thickness of 68 nm.

Paris-Edinburgh cell applications at HPCAT

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Park, Changyong; Shen, Guoyin; Wang, Yanbin

2011-06-01

A Paris-Edinburgh cell (model VX-3) has been installed at HPCAT 16BM-B, a bending magnet white X-ray beamline at the Advanced Photon Source. The PE anvil and the heater assembly are specifically designed to contain the sample volume ranging from 0.03 mm3 to >1.2 mm3 while the entire sample volume can be seen through X-ray windows widely open in radial direction. The pressure and temperature of sample can reach up to 7 GPa and 2,300 K, respectively. For diffraction experiment, the maximum momentum transfer, Q = 4 πsin(θ) / λ, can reach up to ~40 Å -1. A real-time white-beam radiography imaging system obtains the absorption contrast images of compressed sample with 7x magnification, 5 μm image resolutions, and update rate of 0.1 msec to 60 sec per frame. A table top channel-cut monochromator which can provide 30-90 keV monochromatic X-rays is also available for transmission measurement. These series of new instrumental developments are expected to widen the range of user sciences at HPCAT with new opportunities for in-situ measurement of real-time radiography, amorphous and liquid structure, ultrasound velocity, density, electrical resistivity and thermal conductivity. Work supported by DOE-NNSA, DOE-BES, and NSF-COMPRESS.

Establishing a coherent and replicable measurement model of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale.

PubMed

Martin, Colin R; Redshaw, Maggie

2018-06-01

The 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) is an established screening tool for postnatal depression. Inconsistent findings in factor structure and replication difficulties have limited the scope of development of the measure as a multi-dimensional tool. The current investigation sought to robustly determine the underlying factor structure of the EPDS and the replicability and stability of the most plausible model identified. A between-subjects design was used. EPDS data were collected postpartum from two independent cohorts using identical data capture methods. Datasets were examined with confirmatory factor analysis, model invariance testing and systematic evaluation of relational and internal aspects of the measure. Participants were two samples of postpartum women in England assessed at three months (n = 245) and six months (n = 217). The findings showed a three-factor seven-item model of the EPDS offered an excellent fit to the data, and was observed to be replicable in both datasets and invariant as a function of time point of assessment. Some EPDS sub-scale scores were significantly higher at six months. The EPDS is multi-dimensional and a robust measurement model comprises three factors that are replicable. The potential utility of the sub-scale components identified requires further research to identify a role in contemporary screening practice. Copyright © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Death and the dead-house in Victorian asylums: necroscopy versus mourning at the Royal Edinburgh Asylum, c. 1832–1901

PubMed Central

Andrews, Jonathan

2014-01-01

This article examines the management and meaning of post-mortem examinations, and the spatial ordering of patients’ death, dissection and burial at the Victorian asylum, referencing a range of institutional contexts and exploiting a case study of the Royal Edinburgh Asylum. The routinizing of dissection and the development of the dead-house from a more marginal asylum sector to a lynchpin of laboratory medicine is stressed. External and internal pressure to modernize pathological research facilities is assessed alongside governmental, public and professional critiques of variable necroscopy practices. This is contextualized against wider issues and attitudes surrounding consent and funereal rituals. Onus is placed on tendencies in anatomizing insanity towards the conversion of deceased lunatics – pauper lunatics especially – into mere pathological specimens. On the other hand, significant but compromised resistance on the part of a minority of practitioners, relatives and the wider public is also identified. PMID:22701924

First International Public Health Film Competition 2016-reflections on the development and use of competition judging criteria.

PubMed

Hoang, U; Luna, P; Russell, P; Bergonzi-King, L; Ashton, J; McCarthy, C; Donovan, H; Inman, P; Seminog, O; Botchway, S

2018-03-01

Film competitions can be a helpful method to understand issues of quality in health films. In this paper, we describe the development and use of explicit quality criteria to identify the 'best' films for the first ever international public health film competition. A film selection committee encompassing a range of stakeholders was compiled. The committee drew up 10 explicit quality criteria to judge films drawing upon other film festival's selection criteria. These criteria were then applied to a broad range of health-related films entered into a film competition to select the 'best' film to screen. Eighty-four films from 20 different countries were submitted to the public health film competition. The originality of the subject covered by the film, the public health importance of the issue and story-telling approach in the film were found to be the most discriminatory criteria to select films. Selection of health films for festivals can be undertaken using explicit quality criteria. There are a number of advantages to such an approach; however, explicit selection involves a large commitment of resources from film festival organizers and there is further research required to test the validity of the quality criteria applied to health-related films.

X-ray imaging for studying behavior of liquids at high pressures and high temperatures using Paris-Edinburgh press

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kono, Yoshio; Kenney-Benson, Curtis; Park, Changyong

2015-07-15

Several X-ray techniques for studying structure, elastic properties, viscosity, and immiscibility of liquids at high pressures have been integrated using a Paris-Edinburgh press at the 16-BM-B beamline of the Advanced Photon Source. Here, we report the development of X-ray imaging techniques suitable for studying behavior of liquids at high pressures and high temperatures. White X-ray radiography allows for imaging phase separation and immiscibility of melts at high pressures, identified not only by density contrast but also by phase contrast imaging in particular for low density contrast liquids such as silicate and carbonate melts. In addition, ultrafast X-ray imaging, at framemore » rates up to ∼10{sup 5} frames/second (fps) in air and up to ∼10{sup 4} fps in Paris-Edinburgh press, enables us to investigate dynamics of liquids at high pressures. Very low viscosities of melts similar to that of water can be reliably measured. These high-pressure X-ray imaging techniques provide useful tools for understanding behavior of liquids or melts at high pressures and high temperatures.« less

X-ray imaging for studying behavior of liquids at high pressures and high temperatures using Paris-Edinburgh press.

PubMed

Kono, Yoshio; Kenney-Benson, Curtis; Shibazaki, Yuki; Park, Changyong; Wang, Yanbin; Shen, Guoyin

2015-07-01

Several X-ray techniques for studying structure, elastic properties, viscosity, and immiscibility of liquids at high pressures have been integrated using a Paris-Edinburgh press at the 16-BM-B beamline of the Advanced Photon Source. Here, we report the development of X-ray imaging techniques suitable for studying behavior of liquids at high pressures and high temperatures. White X-ray radiography allows for imaging phase separation and immiscibility of melts at high pressures, identified not only by density contrast but also by phase contrast imaging in particular for low density contrast liquids such as silicate and carbonate melts. In addition, ultrafast X-ray imaging, at frame rates up to ∼10(5) frames/second (fps) in air and up to ∼10(4) fps in Paris-Edinburgh press, enables us to investigate dynamics of liquids at high pressures. Very low viscosities of melts similar to that of water can be reliably measured. These high-pressure X-ray imaging techniques provide useful tools for understanding behavior of liquids or melts at high pressures and high temperatures.

Radical Contagion and Healthy Literature in Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine.

PubMed

Roberts, Jessica

During the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, the revolution in France served as a catalyst for heavily allegorical political rhetoric, and the idea that radical politics were contagious became commonplace in conservative writing and oratory. This political contagion is described by Blackwood's as raging through the ranks of the rural poor as late as 1830. Confronted by this threat, Blackwood's promoted itself alternatively as a stimulant or as a cure for the metaphorical poison or infection that radical publications were seen to be spreading amongst the poor. Blackwood's also strove to maintain the political health of its readership by identifying healthy literature for its readers and the lower order. This article analyzes Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine's application of the vocabulary of disease and contagion to radical politics and publications, and considers questions of taste, class, and Britishness in discussions of healthy reading habits.

Gold nanoparticle-polydimethylsiloxane films reflect light internally by optical diffraction and Mie scattering

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dunklin, Jeremy R.; Forcherio, Gregory T.; Roper, D. Keith

2015-08-01

Optical properties of polymer films embedded with plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) are important in many implementations. In this work, optical extinction by polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) films containing gold (Au) NPs was enhanced at resonance compared to AuNPs in suspensions, Beer-Lambert law, or Mie theory by internal reflection due to optical diffraction in 16 nm AuNP-PDMS films and Mie scattering in 76 nm AuNP-PDMS films. Resonant extinction per AuNP for 16 nm AuNPs with negligible resonant Mie scattering was enhanced up to 1.5-fold at interparticle separation (i.e., Wigner-Seitz radii) comparable to incident wavelength. It was attributable to diffraction through apertures formed by overlapping electric fields of adjacent, resonantly excited AuNPs at Wigner-Seitz radii equal to or less than incident wavelengths. Resonant extinction per AuNP for strongly Mie scattering 76 nm AuNPs was enhanced up to 1.3-fold at Wigner-Seitz radii four or more times greater than incident wavelength. Enhanced light trapping from diffraction and/or scattering is relevant to optoelectronic, biomedical, and catalytic activity of substrates embedded with NPs.

The Edinburgh Electronic Veterinary Curriculum: an online program-wide learning and support environment for veterinary education.

PubMed

Ellaway, Rachel; Pettigrew, Graham; Rhind, Susan; Dewhurst, David

2005-01-01

The Edinburgh Electronic Veterinary Curriculum (EEVeC) is a purpose-built virtual learning support environment for the veterinary medicine program at the University of Edinburgh. It is Web based and adapted from a system developed for the human medical curriculum. It is built around a set of databases and learning objects and incorporates features such as course materials, personalized timetables, staff and student contact pages, a notice board, and discussion forums. The EEVeC also contains global or generic resources such as information on quality enhancement and research options. Many of these features contribute to the aim of building a learning community, but a challenge has been to introduce specific features that enhance student learning. One of these is a searchable lecture database in which learning activities such as quizzes and computer-aided learning exercises (CALs) can be embedded to supplement a synopsis of the lecture and address the key needs of integration and reinforcement of learning. Statistics of use indicate extensive student activity during evenings and weekends, with a pattern of increased usage over the years as more features become available and staff and students progressively engage with the system. An essential feature of EEVeC is its flexibility and the way in which it is evolving to meet the changing needs of the teaching program.

Intelevent 99. Telecom Networks in the New Millennium: Is Global Service Provisioning Inevitable? Conference Proceedings (Edinburgh, Scotland, September 12-15, 1999).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Piele, Philip K., Ed.

This volume contains 22 presentations delivered at the 1999 Intelevent Conference held in Edinburgh, Scotland. The proceedings were compiled, printed and distributed by the ERIC Clearinghouse on Educational Management at the University of Oregon. Papers delivered at the conference include the following: the inevitable globalization of…

The International Mycological Association: its history in brief with summaries of its International Mycological Congresses and diverse international relationships.

PubMed

Simmons, Emory G

2010-06-01

This history presents a review of International Mycological Association activities, its international congresses, and its relationships with regional mycological associations as well as with international organizations of other scientific disciplines. The IMA was organized in 1971 during the First Mycological Congress (IMC-1) convened at Exeter, U.K. In the period 1971 to 2010, nine international congresses have been held, each with its own organizational structure but under the guidance of one of the successive inter-Congress management groups of IMA officers and executive committee members. The congress list includes Exeter, U.K.; Tampa, U.S.A.; Tokyo, Japan; Regensburg, Germany; Vancouver, Canada; Jerusalem, Israel; Oslo, Norway; Cairns, Australia; and Edinburgh, Scotland. Inter-congress activities of each IMA executive group are summarized. The characteristics of each congress are surveyed as to organization, programming, attendance numbers, finances, and satellite meetings.The IMA has sponsored the establishment of Regional Mycological Associations beginning in 1977 and has lent operational funding. Regional associations currently are functional and hold their own regional congresses in Africa, Asia, Australasia, Europe, and Latin America. The relationships of the IMA with other organizations recognized within the supra-national International Council of Scientific Unions are discussed.

Internal stresses and formation of switchable nanowires at thin silica film edges

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Phillips, J. C.

2011-02-01

At vertical edges, thin films of silicon oxide (SiO2-x) can contain defect-free semiconductive c-Si layered nanocrystals (Si NC) embedded in and supported by an insulating g-SiO2 matrix. Yaoet al. [Appl. Phys. A (in press)] have shown that a trenched thin film geometry enables the NC to form switchable nanowires (SNW) when trained by an applied field. The field required to form SNW decreases rapidly within a few cycles, or by annealing at 600 °C in even fewer cycles, and is stable to 700 °C. Here we describe the intrinsic evolution of Si NC and SNW in terms of the competition between internal stresses and electro-osmosis. The analysis relies heavily on experimental data from a wide range of thin film studies, and it explains why a vertical edge across the planar polySi-SiO2-x interface is necessary to form SNW. The discussion also shows that the formation mechanisms of Si NC and polySi/SiO2-x SNW are intrinsic and result from optimization of nanowire connectivity in the presence of residual host misfit stresses.

Determinants of passive smoking in children in Edinburgh, Scotland.

PubMed Central

Jarvis, M J; Strachan, D P; Feyerabend, C

1992-01-01

OBJECTIVES. Using saliva cotinine as a quantitative marker, we examined the contribution of factors other than parental smoking to children's passive exposure to tobacco smoke. METHODS. Saliva specimens from a random sample of 734 7-year-old schoolchildren in Edinburgh, Scotland, were analyzed for cotinine. Their parents completed a questionnaire covering smoking habits and conditions in the home. RESULTS. A number of independent predictors of cotinine were identified in addition to the main one of smoking by household members. These predictors included home ownership, social class, day of the week, season of the year, number of parents present, crowding in the home, the number of children in the household, and sex. Cotinine was higher in children from less advantaged backgrounds, during winter, on Mondays, in girls, and when fewer other children were present. The effects were similar between children from nonsmoking and smoking homes. CONCLUSIONS. Questionnaire measures of parental smoking are insufficient to fully characterize young children's exposure to passive smoking. Because socioeconomic variables contribute to measured exposure, passive-smoking studies that treat class as a confounder and control for it may be overcontrolling. PMID:1503162

A Model of International Communication Media Appraisal: Phase IV, Generalizing the Model to Film.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Johnson, J. David

A study tested a causal model of international communication media appraisal using audience evaluations of tests of two films conducted in the Philippines. It was the fourth in a series of tests of the model in both developed and developing countries. In general the model posited determinative relationships between three exogenous variables…

Direct optical imaging of nanoscale internal organization of polymer films

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Suran, Swathi; Varma, Manoj

2018-02-01

Owing to its sensitivity and precise control at the nanoscale, polyelectrolytes have been immensely used to modify surfaces. Polyelectrolyte multilayers are generally water made and are easy to fabricate on any surface by the layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly process due to electrostatic interactions. Polyelectrolyte multilayers or PEMs can be assembled to form ultrathin membranes which can have potential applications in water filtration and desalination [1-3]. Hydration in PEMs is a consequence of both the bulk and surface phenomenon [4-7]. Bulk behavior of polymer membranes are well understood. Several techniques including reflectivity and contact angle measurements were used to measure the hydration in the bulk of polymer membranes [4, 8]. On the other hand their internal organization at the molecular level which can have a profound contribution in the transport mechanism, are not understood well. Previously, we engineered a technique, which we refer to as Bright-field Nanoscopy, which allows nanoscale optical imaging using local heterogeneities in a water-soluble germanium (Ge) thin film ( 25 nm thick) deposited on gold [8]. We use this technique to study the water transport in PEMs. It is understood that the surface charge and outer layers of the PEMs play a significant role in water transport through polymers [9-11]. This well-known `odd-even' effect arising on having different surface termination of the PEMs was optically observed with a spatial resolution unlike any other reported previously [12]. In this communication, we report that on increasing the etchant's concentration, one can control the lateral etching of the Ge film. This allowed the visualization of the nanoscale internal organization in the PEMs. Knowledge of the internal structure would allow one to engineer polymer membranes specific to applications such as drug delivering capsules, ion transport membranes and barriers etc. We also demonstrate a mathematical model involving a surface

Methodological issues in volumetric magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in the Edinburgh High Risk Project.

PubMed

Whalley, H C; Kestelman, J N; Rimmington, J E; Kelso, A; Abukmeil, S S; Best, J J; Johnstone, E C; Lawrie, S M

1999-07-30

The Edinburgh High Risk Project is a longitudinal study of brain structure (and function) in subjects at high risk of developing schizophrenia in the next 5-10 years for genetic reasons. In this article we describe the methods of volumetric analysis of structural magnetic resonance images used in the study. We also consider potential sources of error in these methods: the validity of our image analysis techniques; inter- and intra-rater reliability; possible positional variation; and thresholding criteria used in separating brain from cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF). Investigation with a phantom test object (of similar imaging characteristics to the brain) provided evidence for the validity of our image acquisition and analysis techniques. Both inter- and intra-rater reliability were found to be good in whole brain measures but less so for smaller regions. There were no statistically significant differences in positioning across the three study groups (patients with schizophrenia, high risk subjects and normal volunteers). A new technique for thresholding MRI scans longitudinally is described (the 'rescale' method) and compared with our established method (thresholding by eye). Few differences between the two techniques were seen at 3- and 6-month follow-up. These findings demonstrate the validity and reliability of the structural MRI analysis techniques used in the Edinburgh High Risk Project, and highlight methodological issues of general concern in cross-sectional and longitudinal studies of brain structure in healthy control subjects and neuropsychiatric populations.

TT2014 meeting report on the 12th Transgenic Technology meeting in Edinburgh: new era of transgenic technologies with programmable nucleases in the foreground.

PubMed

Beck, Inken M; Sedlacek, Radislav

2015-02-01

The 12th Transgenic Technology meeting was held in Edinburgh on 6th-8th October 2014 and interest to participate in the meeting overcame all expectations. The TT2014 was the largest meeting ever with more than 540 scientists, technicians, and students from all over the world. The meeting had an excellent scientific program that brought information on the latest ground-breaking technologies for gene targeting and genome editing using programmable nucleases into the foreground. These presentations were well balanced with several highlights over viewing topics in embryonic stem cell research, embryogenesis, disease models, and animals in agriculture. Ample space was reserved also for short talks presenting technical development and for highlighting posters contributions. A highlight of the meeting was the award of the 10th International Society of Transgenic Technologies Prize to Janet Rossant for her outstanding contributions in the field of mouse embryogenesis.

Influence of anodizing conditions on generation of internal cracks in anodic porous tin oxide films grown in NaOH electrolyte

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zaraska, Leszek; Gawlak, Karolina; Gurgul, Magdalena; Dziurka, Magdalena; Nowak, Marlena; Gilek, Dominika; Sulka, Grzegorz D.

2018-05-01

Nanoporous tin oxide layers were synthesized via simple one-step anodic oxidation of a low-purity Sn foil (98.8%) in sodium hydroxide electrolyte. The process of pore formation at the early stage of anodization was discussed on the basis of concepts of oxygen bubble mould effect and viscous flow of oxide. The effect of anodizing conditions on the generation of internal cracks and fractures within the anodic film was investigated in detail. It was confirmed that crack-free tin oxide films can be obtained if the anodization is carried out at the potential of 4 V independently of the electrolyte concentration. On the other hand, the porous anodic film with a totally stacked internal morphology is obtained at the potential of 5 V in 0.1 M NaOH electrolyte. The generation of internal cracks and voids can be attributed to a much lower surface porosity and local trapping of O2 inside the pores of the oxide layer. However, increasing electrolyte concentration allows for obtaining less cracked porous films due to effective and uniform liberation of oxygen bubbles from the channels through completely open pore mouths. Furthermore, it was confirmed that uniformity of the anodic tin oxide layers can be significantly improved by vigorous electrolyte stirring. Finally, we observed that the addition of ethanol to the electrolyte can reduce anodic current density and the oxide growth rate. In consequence, less cracked anodic film can be formed even at the potential of 6 V. The generation of oxygen at the pore bottoms, together with the open pore mouths were found to be critical factors responsible for the anodic formation of crack-free porous tin oxide films.

Highlights from the Faraday Discussion on New Directions in Porous Crystalline Materials, Edinburgh, UK, June 2017.

PubMed

Addicoat, Matthew A; Bennett, Thomas D; Stassen, Ivo

2017-09-28

A lively discussion on new directions in porous crystalline materials took place in June 2017, with the beautiful city of Edinburgh as a backdrop, in the context of the unique Faraday Discussions format. Here, 5 minute presentations were given on papers which had been submitted in advance of the conference, with copious time allocated for in-depth discussion of the work presented. Prof. Mircea Dincă (MIT), chair of the scientific committee, opened the conference by welcoming the many different nationalities attending, and outlining the format of discussions.

Observation of Internal Photoinduced Electron and Hole Separation in Hybrid Two-Dimentional Perovskite Films.

PubMed

Liu, Junxue; Leng, Jing; Wu, Kaifeng; Zhang, Jun; Jin, Shengye

2017-02-01

Two-dimensional (2D) organolead halide perovskites are promising for various optoelectronic applications. Here we report a unique spontaneous charge (electron/hole) separation property in multilayered (BA) 2 (MA) n-1 Pb n I 3n+1 (BA = CH 3 (CH 2 ) 3 NH 3 + , MA = CH 3 NH 3 + ) 2D perovskite films by studying the charge carrier dynamics using ultrafast transient absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Surprisingly, the 2D perovskite films, although nominally prepared as "n = 4", are found to be mixture of multiple perovskite phases, with n = 2, 3, 4 and ≈ ∞, that naturally align in the order of n along the direction perpendicular to the substrate. Driven by the band alignment between 2D perovskites phases, we observe consecutive photoinduced electron transfer from small-n to large-n phases and hole transfer in the opposite direction on hundreds of picoseconds inside the 2D film of ∼358 nm thickness. This internal charge transfer efficiently separates electrons and holes to the upper and bottom surfaces of the films, which is a unique property beneficial for applications in photovoltaics and other optoelectronics devices.

Space Environment Exposure Results from the MISSE 5 Polymer Film Thermal Control Experiment on the International Space Station

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Miller, Sharon K. R.; Dever, Joyce A.

2009-01-01

It is known that polymer films can degrade in space due to exposure to the environment, but the magnitude of the mechanical property degradation and the degree to which the different environmental factors play a role in it is not well understood. This paper describes the results of an experiment flown on the Materials International Space Station Experiment (MISSE) 5 to determine the change in tensile strength and % elongation of some typical polymer films exposed in a nadir facing environment on the International Space Station and where possible compare to similar ram and wake facing experiments flown on MISSE 1 to get a better indication of the role the different environments play in mechanical property change.

Quantification of Marangoni flows and film morphology during solid film formation by inkjet printing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ishizuka, Hirotaka; Fukai, Jun

2018-01-01

We visualized experimentally the internal flow inside inkjet droplets of polystyrene-anisole solution during solid film formation on substrates at room temperature. The effects of contact angle and evaporation rate on the internal flow and film morphology were quantitatively investigated. The transport process during film formation was examined by measuring the relationship between internal flow and film morphology, which provided three remarkable findings. First, self-pinning and the strength of outward flow on the free surface under 2.3 Pa s determined film morphology. The solute distribution, corresponding to rim areas in ring-like films and a convex trough in dot-like films, had already developed at self-pinning. Second, the mass fraction at self-pinning close to the contact line converged to one, regardless of the film morphology. This implies that self-pinning is independent of parameters such as the contact angle and evaporation rate. Third, at room temperature, the solutal Marangoni numbers were 20-30 times larger than the thermal ones. Thus, the outward flow on the free surface caused by the solutal Marangoni effect dominates in droplets before self-pinning. The solutal Marangoni number at self-pinning and thickness variation at the center of the film displayed a good relationship for droplets with different contact angles and evaporation rates. This suggests that film morphology can be technically controlled by solutal Marangoni number at room temperature.

TAMPERPROOF FILM BADGE

DOEpatents

Kocher, L.F.

1958-10-01

A persornel dosimeter film badge made of plastic, with provision for a picture of the wearer and an internal slide containing photographic film that is sensitive to various radiations, is described. Four windows made of differing material selectively attenuate alpha, beta, gamma rays, and neutrons so as to distinguish the particular type of radiation the wearer was subjected to. In addition, a lead shield has the identification number of the wearer perforated thereon so as to identify the film after processing. An internal magnetically actuated latch securely locks the slide within the body, and may be withdrawn only upon the external application of two strong magnetic forces in order to insure that the wearer or other curious persons will not accidentally expose the film to visual light.

Cohort study of the depression, anxiety, and anhedonia components of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale after delivery.

PubMed

Zanardo, Vincenzo; Giliberti, Lara; Volpe, Francesca; Parotto, Matteo; de Luca, Federico; Straface, Gianluca

2017-06-01

To investigate the applicability of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) for identifying depressive symptoms following vaginal or cesarean delivery. The present observational study included consecutive Italian-speaking women who underwent vaginal or cesarean deliveries of uncomplicated singleton pregnancies at term at Policlinico Abano Terme, Abano Terme, Italy, between February 1, 2014, and May 31, 2015, who completed the EPDS 2 days after delivery. EPDS scores and the depression, anxiety, and anhedonia subscale items were compared between delivery methods to identify factors predictive of high EPDS scores. There were 950 patients included in the analysis; 694 (73.1%) and 256 (26.9%) patients underwent vaginal and cesarean deliveries, respectively. Total EPDS scores were higher among patients who had cesarean deliveries compared with vaginal deliveries (6.95±4.80 vs 6.05±4.20; P=0.007); the depression (0.53±0.72 vs 0.37±0.65; P=0.007), anxiety (1.07±0.88 vs 1.16±0.93; P=0.021), and anhedonia (0.32±0.59 vs 0.19±0.48; P=0.009) subscale scores were all higher among patients who underwent cesarean deliveries. Women who underwent cesarean deliveries demonstrated higher EPDS scores and could be at increased risk of developing early postpartum depressive symptomatology, particularly anhedonia, anxiety, and depression. © 2017 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics.

Internal structure of copper(II)-phthalocyanine thin films on SiO2/Si substrates investigated by grazing incidence x-ray reflectometry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brieva, A. C.; Jenkins, T. E.; Jones, D. G.; Strössner, F.; Evans, D. A.; Clark, G. F.

2006-04-01

The internal structure of copper(II)-phthalocyanine (CuPc) thin films grown on SiO2/Si by organic molecular beam deposition has been studied by grazing incidence x-ray reflectometry (GIXR) and atomic force microscopy. The electronic density profile is consistent with a structure formed by successive monolayers of molecules in the α form with the b axis lying in the substrate surface plane. The authors present an electronic density profile model of CuPc films grown on SiO2/Si. The excellent agreement between the model and experimental data allows postdeposition monitoring of the internal structure of the CuPc films with the nondestructive GIXR technique, providing a tool for accurate control of CuPc growth on silicon-based substrates. In addition, since the experiments have been carried out ex situ, they show that these structures can endure ambient conditions.

Effect of ethanol variation on the internal environment of sol-gel bulk and thin films with aging.

PubMed

Gupta, R; Mozumdar, S; Chaudhury, N K

2005-10-15

Sol-gel derived bulk and thin films were prepared from different compositions at low pH ( approximately 2.0) containing varying concentrations of ethanol from 15 to 60% at constant water (H(2)O)/tetraethyl-orthosilicate (TEOS) ratio (R=4). The fluorescence microscopic and spectroscopic measurements on fluorescent probe, Hoechst 33258 (H258) entrapped in these compositions were carried out at different days of storage to monitor the effects of concentration of ethanol on the internal environment of sol-gel materials. Fluorescence microscopic observations on sol-gel thin films, prepared by dip coating technique depicted uniform and cracked surface at withdrawal speed 1cm/min (high speed) and 0.1cm/min (low speed) respectively, which did not change during aging. Fluorescence spectral measurements showed emission maximum of H258 at approximately 535 nm in fresh sols at all concentrations of ethanol which depicted slight blue shift to 512 nm during aging in bulk. No such spectral shift has been observed in sol-gel thin films coated at high speed whereas thin films coated at low speed clearly showed an additional band at approximately 404 nm at 45 and 60% concentration of ethanol after about one month of storage. Analysis of the fluorescence lifetime data indicated single exponential decay (1.6-1.8 ns) in fresh sol and from third day onwards, invariably double exponential decay with a short (tau(1)) and a long (tau(2)) component were observed in sol-gel bulk with a dominant tau(1) at approximately 1.2 ns at all concentrations of ethanol. A double exponential decay consisting of a short component (tau(1)) at approximately 0.2 ns and a long component (tau(2)) at approximately 3.5 ns were observed at all ethanol concentrations in both fresh and aged sol-gel thin films. Further, distribution analysis of lifetimes of H258 showed two mean lifetimes with increased width in aged bulk and thin films. These results are likely to have strong implications in designing the internal

Translation, cultural adaption, and test-retest reliability of Chinese versions of the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory and Waterloo Footedness Questionnaire.

PubMed

Yang, Nan; Waddington, Gordon; Adams, Roger; Han, Jia

2018-05-01

Quantitative assessments of handedness and footedness are often required in studies of human cognition and behaviour, yet no reliable Chinese versions of commonly used handedness and footedness questionnaires are available. Accordingly, the objective of the present study was to translate the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory (EHI) and the Waterloo Footedness Questionnaire-Revised (WFQ-R) into Mandarin Chinese and to evaluate the reliability and validity of these translated versions in healthy Chinese people. In the first stage of the study, Chinese versions of the EHI and WFQ-R were produced from a process of translation, back translation and examination, with necessary cultural adaptations. The second stage involved determining the reliability and validity of the translated EHI and WFQ-R for the Chinese population. One hundred and ten Chinese participants were tested online, and the results showed that the Cronbach's alpha coefficient of internal consistency was 0.877 for the translated EHI and 0.855 for the translated WFQ-R. Another 170 Chinese participants were tested and re-tested after a 30-day interval. The intra-class correlation coefficients showed high reliability, 0.898 for the translated EHI and 0.869 for the translated WFQ-R. This preliminary validation study found the translated versions to be reliable and valid tools for assessing handedness and footedness in this population.

Screening for postnatal depression in Chinese-speaking women using the Hong Kong translated version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale.

PubMed

Chen, Helen; Bautista, Dianne; Ch'ng, Ying Chia; Li, Wenyun; Chan, Edwin; Rush, A John

2013-06-01

The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) may not be a uniformly valid postnatal depression (PND) screen across populations. We evaluated the performance of a Chinese translation of 10-item (HK-EPDS) and six-item (HK-EPDS-6) versions in post-partum women in Singapore. Chinese-speaking post-partum obstetric clinic patients were recruited for this study. They completed the HK-EPDS, from which we derived the six-item HK-EPDS-6. All women were clinically assessed for PND based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fourth Edition-Text Revision criteria. Receiver-operator curve (ROC) analyses and likelihood ratio computations informed scale cutoff choices. Clinical fitness was judged by thresholds for internal consistency [α ≥ 0.70] and for diagnostic performance by true-positive rate (>85%), false-positive rate (≤10%), positive likelihood ratio (>1), negative likelihood ratio (<0.2), area under the ROC curve (AUC, ≥90%) and effect size (≥0.80). Based on clinical interview, prevalence of PND was 6.2% in 487 post-partum women. HK-EPDS internal consistency was 0.84. At 13 or more cutoff, the true-positive rate was 86.7%, false-positive rate 3.3%, positive likelihood ratio 26.4, negative likelihood ratio 0.14, AUC 94.4% and effect size 0.81. For the HK-EPDS-6, internal consistency was 0.76. At 8 or more cutoff, we found a true-positive rate of 86.7%, false-positive rate 6.6%, positive likelihood ratio 13.2, negative likelihood ration 0.14, AUC 92.9% and effect size 0.98. The HK-EPDS (cutoff ≥13) and HK-EPDS6 (cutoff ≥8) are fit for PND screening for general population post-partum women. The brief six-item version appears to be clinically suitable for quick screening in Chinese speaking women. Copyright © 2013 Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd.

Three Licentiates of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh who were decorated with the Victoria Cross.

PubMed

Kaufman, M H

2011-08-01

Since the Victoria Cross was introduced in January 1856 by Queen Victoria to reward acts of valour in the face of the enemy, initially during the Crimean War, over 1350 medals have been awarded. Of these, three were awarded to medical officers who had previously gained the Licentiate Diploma of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh (LRCS Edin) - Valentine Munbee McMaster on 25 September 1857, Henry Thomas Sylvester on 20 November 1857 (although the acts of valour for which he was awarded his VC occurred on two occasions in September 1855) and Campbell Mellis (or Millis) Douglas on 7 May 1867.

On the use (and misuse?) of the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory.

PubMed

Edlin, James M; Leppanen, Marcus L; Fain, Robin J; Hackländer, Ryan P; Hanaver-Torrez, Shelley D; Lyle, Keith B

2015-03-01

Researchers who study human cognition and behavior, especially from a neuroscience perspective, often measure subjects' handedness. The most common measure of handedness is the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory (EHI; Oldfield, 1971). Several potential problems with the EHI have been identified during its long history. We informally observed that individual researchers have adopted a variety of modified versions of the EHI, each addressing perceived shortcomings in its own way. To confirm this, we reviewed 899 articles reporting usage of the EHI from 1998 to 2012. For those articles reporting details of the instrument used, we coded information about test items, response format, and scheme for classifying individuals as right-handed. We found tremendous diversity in all three components of the inventory, confirming that many variants of the EHI are used in contemporary research. We furthermore report evidence that researchers who use variants may be unaware that they are not using the original instrument. Variant usage appears to be largely ad hoc and lacking any semblance of uniformity within the scientific community. We discuss how highly variable usage of the EHI may imperil efforts to produce replicable and convergent research findings, and we offer recommendations for future action. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Internal anal sphincter: Clinical perspective.

PubMed

Kumar, Lalit; Emmanuel, Anton

2017-08-01

To summarise current knowledge of Internal anal sphincter. The internal anal sphincter (IAS) is the involuntary ring of smooth muscle in the anal canal and is the major contributor to the resting pressure in the anus. Structural injury or functional weakness of the muscle results in passive incontinence of faeces and flatus. With advent of new assessment and treatment modalities IAS has become an important topic for surgeons. This review was undertaken to summarise our current knowledge of internal anal sphincter and highlight the areas that need further research. The PubMed database was used to identify relevant studies relating to internal anal sphincter. The available evidence has been summarised and advantages and limitations highlighted for the different diagnostic and therapeutic techniques. Our understanding of the physiology and pharmacology of IAS has increased greatly in the last three decades. Additionally, there has been a rise in diagnostic and therapeutic techniques specifically targeting the IAS. Although these are promising, future research is required before these can be incorporated into the management algorithm. Copyright © 2016 Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh (Scottish charity number SC005317) and Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

International geomagnetic reference field 1980: a report by IAGA Division I working group.

USGS Publications Warehouse

Peddie, N.W.

1982-01-01

Describes the recommendations of the working group, which suggested additions to IGRF because of the cumulative effect of the inevitable uncertainties in the secular variation models which had led to unacceptable inaccuracies in the IGRF by the late 1970's. The recommendations were accepted by the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy on August 15, 1981 at the 4th Scientific Assembly, Edinburgh. An extended table sets out spherical harmonic coefficients of the IGRF 1980.-R.House

Internal stress-assisted epitaxial lift-off process for flexible thin film (In)GaAs solar cells on metal foil

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kim, Youngjo; Kim, Kangho; Jung, Sang Hyun; Kim, Chang Zoo; Shin, Hyun-Beom; Choi, JeHyuk; Kang, Ho Kwan

2017-12-01

Flexible thin film (In)GaAs solar cells are grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition on GaAs substrates and transferred to 30 μm thick Au foil by internal stress-assisted epitaxial lift-off processes. The internal stress is induced by replacing the solar cell epi-layers from GaAs to In0.015Ga0.985As, which has a slightly larger lattice constant. The compressive strained layer thickness was varied from 0 to 4.5 μm to investigate the influence of the internal stress on the epitaxial lift-off time. The etching time in the epitaxial lift-off process was reduced from 36 to 4 h by employing a GaAs/In0.015Ga0.985As heterojunction structure that has a compressive film stress of -59.0 MPa. We found that the partially strained epi-structure contributed to the much faster lateral etching rate with spontaneous bending. Although an efficiency degradation problem occurred in the strained solar cell, it was solved by optimizing the epitaxial growth conditions.

The Effect of Radiation on Selected Photographic Film

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Slater, Richard; Kinard, John; Firsov, Ivan

2000-01-01

We conducted this film test to evaluate several manufacturers' photographic films for their ability to acquire imagery on the International Space Station. We selected 25 motion picture, photographic slide, and negative films from three different film manufacturers. We based this selection on the fact that their films ranked highest in other similar film tests, and on their general acceptance by the international community. This test differed from previous tests because the entire evaluation process leading up to the final selection was based on information derived after the original flight film was scanned to a digital file. Previously conducted tests were evaluated entirely based on 8 x 10s that were produced from the film either directly or through the internegative process. This new evaluation procedure provided accurate quantitative data on granularity and contrast from the digital data. This test did not try to define which film was best visually. This is too often based on personal preference. However, the test results did group the films by good, marginal, and unacceptable. We developed, and included in this report, a template containing quantitative, graphical, and visual information for each film. These templates should be sufficient for comparing the different films tested and subsequently selecting a film or films to be used for experiments and general documentation on the International Space Station.

Video- Soldering Iron Inserted Through a Film of Water Onboard the International Space Station (ISS)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2003-01-01

Saturday Morning Science, the science of opportunity series of applied experiments and demonstrations, performed aboard the International Space Station (ISS) by Expedition 6 astronaut Dr. Don Pettit, revealed some remarkable findings. In this video, Dr. Pettit demonstrates the result of inserting a soldering iron into a thin film or sheet of water in space. Dr. Pettit makes comparative comments about the differences and similarities of boiling processes in space and on Earth.

Electric charging influence in holograms of total internal reflection, recorded in a very thin chalcogenide film

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vlaeva, I.; Petkov, K.; Tasseva, J.; Todorov, R.; Yovcheva, T.; Sainov, S.

2010-12-01

We report the results of electric field influence on holographic recording in very thin chalcogenide glass films. The total internal reflection prism recording technique (Stetson's scheme) is applied for holographic recording. The main advantage of this scheme is the possibility of holographic recording in micro- and nanometer thick photosensitive materials. In the present work, 30 nm, 50 nm and 1.0 µm thick films are used. In the 1.0 µm thick film two slanted gratings are simultaneously recorded. In this recording geometry only one reconstructed beam is observed. The corona charging influence on the diffraction efficiency of the recorded gratings is investigated. A negative voltage of 5 kV is applied to the corona electrode (needle) prior to the holographic recording. The observed diffraction efficiency of charged samples is always higher in comparison with uncharged samples. The reconstructed beam intensity is monitored with a red (635 nm) semiconductor laser. The possible reason is an additional refractive index modulation due to the increase in polarization, caused by the electric charging.

Toward comprehensive studies of liquids at high pressures and high temperatures: Combined structure, elastic wave velocity, and viscosity measurements in the Paris-Edinburgh cell

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kono, Yoshio; Park, Changyong; Kenney-Benson, Curtis

2014-08-19

Techniques for measuring liquid structure, elastic wave velocity, and viscosity under high pressure have been integrated using a Paris–Edinburgh cell at Beamline 16-BM-B, HPCAT of the Advanced Photon Source. The Paris–Edinburgh press allows for compressing large volume samples (up to 2 mm in both diameter and length) up to ~7 GPa and 2000 °C. Multi-angle energy dispersive X-ray diffraction provides structure factors of liquid to a large Q of ~19 Å. Ultrasonic techniques have been developed to investigate elastic wave velocity of liquids combined with the X-ray imaging. Falling sphere viscometry, using high-speed X-ray radiography (>1000 frames/s), enables us tomore » investigate a wide range of viscosity, from those of high viscosity silicates or oxides melts to low viscosity (<1 mPa s) liquids and fluids such as liquid metals or salts. The integration of these multiple techniques has promoted comprehensive studies of structure and physical properties of liquids as well as amorphous materials at high pressures and high temperatures, making it possible to investigate correlations between structure and physical properties of liquids in situ.« less

Crystal structure studies with the Paris-Edinburgh cell: Neutron scattering aspects

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Loveday, J. S.; Wilson, R. M.; Nelmes, R. J.; Besson, J. M.; Klotz, S.; Hamel, G.; Hull, S.

1994-07-01

The count rates achieved in neutron powder diffraction experiments create difficulties for high-pressure experiments because large sample volumes (˜100 mm3) must be used. Until recently it has been difficult to build suitable pressure cells with such large volumes and hence the maximum pressure for neutron diffraction has remained at the relatively low value of 3 GPa. We have now developed a pressure cell (the Paris-Edinburgh cell) which is capable of exceeding 10 GPa with a sample volume of ˜100 mm3 for use at the U.K. spallation source ISIS. Considerable effort has been devoted to the opimization of the cell, shielding, and detector geometry to enable the best possible data to be recorded. Finite-element calculations to correct for the systematic errors introduced by the attenuation of the pressure-cell materials have been developed and tested. As a result of this work we are now able to obtain accurate structural data to ˜12 GPa and recent studies of phase IV of ND3, the behaviour of the O-D bondlength in D2O ice VIII, and the structural pressure dependence of B4C illustrate the importance of the extension of neutron-diffraction studies to such pressures.

Islam on Campus: Teaching Islamic Studies at Higher Education Institutions in the UK. Report of a Conference Held at the University of Edinburgh, 4 December 2006

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Suleiman, Yasir; Shihadeh, Ayman

2007-01-01

This article reports a conference held at the University of Edinburgh on December 4, 2006. The "Islam on Campus" conference had considered a range of issues related to the future of Islamic Studies. It considered whether Islamic Studies should be considered a discipline or a subject area, whether its methods were essentially textual or…

International Festival of Student Films as the Innovative Means of Legal Education and Multimedia Training of Future Lawyers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Garmaev, Yury Petrovich; Chumakova, Lydia Petrovna

2016-01-01

The main purpose of the article is to ensure further modernization of the educational activities in law universities based on the use of multimedia technologies as well as development of tools for legal education through implementation of the project of international student film festivals. The methodology is based on the concept and methods of…

Elucidation of perovskite film micro-orientations using two-photon total internal reflectance fluorescence microscopy

DOE PAGES

Watson, Brianna R.; Yang, Bin; Xiao, Kai; ...

2015-07-29

The emergence of efficient hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite photovoltaic materials has caused the rapid development of a variety of preparation and processing techniques designed to maximize their performance. As processing methods continue to emerge, it is important to understand how the optical properties of these materials are affected on a microscopic scale. Here polarization resolved two-photon total internal reflectance microscopy (TIRFM) was used to probe changes in transition dipole moment orientation as a function of thermal annealing time in hybrid organic-inorganic lead iodide based perovskite (CH 3NH 3PbI 3) thin films on glass. These results show that as thermal annealing timemore » is increased the distribution of transition moments pointing out-of-plane decreases in favor of forming areas with increased in-plane orientations. As a result, it was also shown through the axial sensitivity of TIRFM that the surface topography is manifested in the signal intensity and can be used to survey aspects of morphology in coincidence with the optical properties of these films.« less

Cinematographic Institutions. A Report by the International Film and Television Council (IFTC). Reports and Papers on Mass Communication Number 68.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, Paris (France). Dept. of Mass Communication.

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) entrusted to the International Film and Television Council (IFTC) the task of collecting documentation on world cinematographic organizations, in order to provide developing nations with information useful to the establishment of similar services adopted to their…

High-pressure x-ray diffraction studies on the structure of liquid silicate using a Paris-Edinburgh type large volume press.

PubMed

Yamada, Akihiro; Wang, Yanbin; Inoue, Toru; Yang, Wenge; Park, Changyong; Yu, Tony; Shen, Guoyin

2011-01-01

An experimental setup for high-pressure liquid structure studies with synchrotron x-ray diffraction using the Paris-Edinburgh press has been installed at station 16-BM-B (HPCAT) of the Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory. By collecting energy-dispersive data with a synchrotron white beam at various 2θ angles, the present device allows us to obtain the structure factor, S(Q), over a wide range of Q ( = 4πsinθ∕λ) owing to the excellent angular accessibility up to 37° in 2θ and high energy photons well beyond 100 keV. We have successfully collected XRD data on silicate (albite, NaAlSi(3)O(8)) liquids with Q up to ∼22 Å(-1) and pressure up to 5.3 GPa and temperature 1873 K, and obtained the radial distribution function, G(r), with a reasonable resolution. The T-O bond length (where T = Al, Si), which is a fundamental measure of local structure for aluminous silicate consisting of SiO(n) and AlO(n) polyhedra (tetrahedra at 1 atm condition), was found to be slightly shortened to 1.626 Å compared to that of glass at 1 atm. The T-O-T bound angle, which is the linkage of the above polyhedra, is the most responsible for densification. The T-O-T peak in G(r) splits into two peaks, suggesting a differentiation of the bond angle at high-pressure. The present technical development demonstrates that the Paris-Edinburgh press is suitable for studies of silicate liquids under high-pressure conditions.

pH-Amplified multilayer films based on hyaluronan: influence of HA molecular weight and concentration on film growth and stability.

PubMed

Shen, Liyan; Chaudouet, Patrick; Ji, Jian; Picart, Catherine

2011-04-11

In this study, we investigate the growth and internal properties of polyelectrolyte multilayer films made of poly(l-lysine) and hyaluronan (PLL/HA) under pH-amplified conditions, that is, by alternate deposition of PLL at high pH and HA at low pH. We focus especially on the influence of the molecular weight of HA in this process as well as on its concentration in solution. Film growth was followed by quartz crystal microbalance and by infrared spectroscopy to quantify the deposited mass and to characterize the internal properties of the films, including the presence of hydrogen bonds and the ionization degree of HA in the films. Film growth was significantly faster for HA of high molecular weight (1300 kDa) as compared with 400 and 200 kDa. PLL was found to exhibit a random structure once deposited in the films. Furthermore, we found that PLL-ending films are more stable when they are placed in PBS than their HA counterparts. This was explained on the basis of more cohesive interactions in the films for PLL-ending films. Finally, we quantified PLL(FITC) diffusion into the films and observed that PLL diffusion is enhanced when PLL is paired with the HA of high MW. All together, these results suggest that besides purely physicochemical parameters such as variation in pH, the molecular weight of HA, its concentration in solution, and the possibility to form intermolecular HA association play important roles in film growth, internal cohesion, and stability.

The impact of education, country, race and ethnicity on the self-report of postpartum depression using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale.

PubMed

Di Florio, A; Putnam, K; Altemus, M; Apter, G; Bergink, V; Bilszta, J; Brock, R; Buist, A; Deligiannidis, K M; Devouche, E; Epperson, C N; Guille, C; Kim, D; Lichtenstein, P; Magnusson, P K E; Martinez, P; Munk-Olsen, T; Newport, J; Payne, J; Penninx, B W; O'Hara, M; Robertson-Blackmore, E; Roza, S J; Sharkey, K M; Stuart, S; Tiemeier, H; Viktorin, A; Schmidt, P J; Sullivan, P F; Stowe, Z N; Wisner, K L; Jones, I; Rubinow, D R; Meltzer-Brody, S

2017-04-01

Universal screening for postpartum depression is recommended in many countries. Knowledge of whether the disclosure of depressive symptoms in the postpartum period differs across cultures could improve detection and provide new insights into the pathogenesis. Moreover, it is a necessary step to evaluate the universal use of screening instruments in research and clinical practice. In the current study we sought to assess whether the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), the most widely used screening tool for postpartum depression, measures the same underlying construct across cultural groups in a large international dataset. Ordinal regression and measurement invariance were used to explore the association between culture, operationalized as education, ethnicity/race and continent, and endorsement of depressive symptoms using the EPDS on 8209 new mothers from Europe and the USA. Education, but not ethnicity/race, influenced the reporting of postpartum depression [difference between robust comparative fit indexes (∆*CFI) 0.01), but not between European countries (∆*CFI < 0.01). Investigators and clinicians should be aware of the potential differences in expression of phenotype of postpartum depression that women of different educational backgrounds may manifest. The increasing cultural heterogeneity of societies together with the tendency towards globalization requires a culturally sensitive approach to patients, research and policies, that takes into account, beyond rhetoric, the context of a person's experiences and the context in which the research is conducted.

Internal stress and opto-electronic properties of ZnO thin films deposited by reactive sputtering in various oxygen partial pressures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tuyaerts, Romain; Poncelet, Olivier; Raskin, Jean-Pierre; Proost, Joris

2017-10-01

In this article, we propose ZnO thin films as a suitable material for piezoresistors in transparent and flexible electronics. ZnO thin films have been deposited by DC reactive magnetron sputtering at room temperature at various oxygen partial pressures. All the films have a wurtzite structure with a strong (0002) texture measured by XRD and are almost stoichiometric as measured by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. The effect of oxygen concentration on grain growth has been studied by in-situ multi-beam optical stress sensor, showing internal stress going from 350 MPa to -1.1 GPa. The transition between tensile and compressive stress corresponds to the transition between metallic and oxidized mode of reactive sputtering. This transition also induces a large variation in optical properties—from absorbent to transparent, and in the resistivity—from 4 × 10 - 2 Ω .cm to insulating. Finally, the piezoresistance of the thin film has been studied and showed a gauge factor (ΔR/R)/ɛ comprised between -5.8 and -8.5.

Effect of internal stress on the electro-optical behaviour of Al-doped ZnO transparent conductive thin films

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Proost, J.; Henry, F.; Tuyaerts, R.; Michotte, S.

2016-08-01

In this work, we will report on scientific efforts aimed at unraveling the quantitative effect of elastic strain on the electro-optical behaviour of Al-doped zinc oxide (AZO). AZO thin films have been deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering to thicknesses from 300 to 500 nm, both on extra-clear glass substrates as well as on oxidised Si wafers. This resulted in both cases in polycrystalline, strongly textured (002) films. During deposition, the internal stress evolution in the growing film was monitored in-situ using high resolution curvature measurements. The resulting growth-induced elastic strain, which was found to depend heavily on the oxygen partial pressure, could further be modulated by appropriately choosing the deposition temperature. The latter also induces an additional extrinsic thermal stress component, whose sign depends on the substrate used. As such, a wide range of biaxial internal stresses could be achieved, from -600 MPa in compression up to 800 MPa in tension. The resulting charge carrier mobilities, obtained independently from room temperature Hall measurements, were found to range between 5 and 25 cm2/V s. Interestingly, the maximum mobility occurred at the zero-stress condition, and together with a charge carrier concentration of about 8 × 1020 cm-3, this gave rise to a resistivity of only 300 μΩ cm. From the stress-dependent optical transmission spectra in the range of 200-1000 nm, the pressure coefficient of the optical bandgap was estimated from the corresponding Tauc plots to be 31 meV/GPa, indicating a very high strain-sensitivity as well.

Study of microstructure and electroluminescence of zinc sulfide thin film

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhao-hong, Liu; Yu-jiang, Wang; Mou-zhi, Chen; Zhen-xiang, Chen; Shu-nong, Sun; Mei-chun, Huang

1998-03-01

The electroluminscent zinc sulfide thin film doped with erbium, fabricated by thermal evaporation with two boats, are examined. The surface and internal electronic states of ZnS thin film are measured by means of x-ray diffraction and x-ray photoemission spectroscopy. The information on the relations between electroluminescent characteristics and internal electronic states of the film is obtained. And the effects of the microstructure of thin film doped with rare earth erbium on electroluminescence are discussed as well.

EC 19314 - 5915 - A bright, eclipsing cataclysmic variable from the Edinburgh-Cape Blue Object Survey

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Buckley, D. A. H.; O'Donoghue, D.; Kilkenny, D.; Stobie, R. S.; Remillard, R. A.

1992-01-01

A deeply eclipsing cataclysmic variable, with an orbital period of 4.75 hr, has been discovered in the southern Edinburgh-Cape Blue Object Survey. The star, EC 19314 - 5915, lies close to the positional constraints of a previously unidentified HEAO-1 hard X-ray source, 1H1930 - 5989. Its optical spectrum is unusual in that it shows, apart from the emission lines characteristic of a novalike, or dwarf nova cataclysmic variable (Balmer, He I and He II), metallic absorption lines typical of a late-G star. The individual time-resolved spectra, with the tertiary absorption lines removed, show absorption reversals in the Balmer emission lines, increasing in strength for the higher series. The Balmer emission radial velocities are therefore severely distorted in comparison to the He II 4686-A emission and He I 4471-A absorption radial velocity curves. An independent distance estimate of about 600 pc is derived for EC19314 - 5915, from the spectroscopic parallax of the third star.

Development and application of variable angle internal reflection Raman spectroscopy for vibrationally specific depth-profiling of polymer thin films

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fontaine, Norman Henry

1997-10-01

Techniques which can be used to obtain depth-resolved information on the thermodynamics at polymer-polymer and polymer-wall interfaces, and of small molecule diffusion in polymers, are of particular interest to industry. Optical methods which are sensitive to molecular vibrations (such as internal reflection Raman spectroscopy) are advantageous because they can non- destructively probe molecular content, orientation, and polarity of the local environment in a sample. However, while optical internal reflection depth-profiling methods have been reported, they have never progressed beyond the demonstration stage. In this work, the theory and methodology of internal reflection spectroscopy are developed and optimized into a rigorous field-controlled spectroscopic technique. A novel asymmetric internal reflection element (IRE) is introduced which traps back-reflections, allowing precise evanescent and standing wave probe-field control in the sample for all angles of incidence. It is demonstrated that a Gaussian laser beam will best approximate an infinite homogeneous plane wave when the IRE/sample interface lies in the paraxial-Fraunhofer region (far- field) of the beam path. Calibration methods are presented, sources of systematic errors are identified, and the angular resolution limit (ARL) is introduced as a measure of the field control developed in a sample by any internal reflection method. A general model of Raman scattering and photon detection from multi-layer thin films is developed. A new and generalized operator based transfer matrix method is developed and applied to electromagnetic field and diffusion computations in multi-layer systems. Total internal reflection spectroscopy is extended to include sub-critical angles of incidence, where resonant field enhancements generate large and selective amplification of the probe-field intensity within the layers of the sample. Fitting these resonances to the model spectral intensities allows unique determination of

The Syrian Vulnerable Person Resettlement Programme: evaluation of Edinburgh's reception arrangements.

PubMed

Weir, Katherine E A; Wilson, Sheila J; Gorman, Dermot R

2017-11-07

During 2015 and 2016 a group of Syrian refugees were resettled in Edinburgh, Scotland under the United Kingdom Government Syrian Vulnerable Person Resettlement Programme. We evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the settling in arrangements for these refugees. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with five Arabic interpreters who had worked extensively with these refugees. Interviews sought their impressions about what went well or was not successful. Interviews were transcribed and key themes extracted and analysed. Six themes emerged: 'first impressions', language skills, different healthcare systems, health of the refugees, relationships between the interpreters and refugees and support for the interpreters. The welcoming arrangements went well and exceeded refugees' and interpreters' expectations. There was perhaps too much information given immediately and reinforcing details about various public services and facilities after a first few months would be worthwhile. The Syrians were unfamiliar with NHS structures and found lack of direct specialist access surprising. Problems were amplified by low English levels. A need for Arabic literacy classes was also identified. Interpreters were often used informally out-of-hours and a better system with first contact in Arabic should be established. Interpreters find this work particularly stressful and the provision of psychological support for them should be prioritized. © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Faculty of Public Health. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com

EDITORIAL: Selected papers from the 19th International Colloquium on Magnetic Films and Surfaces

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Miyazaki, T.; Inoue, J.

2007-03-01

The 19th International Colloquium on Magnetic Films and Surfaces (ICMFS 2006) was held on 14-18 August 2006 at the Sendai International Center in Sendai, Japan. The purpose of the Colloquium was to bring together scientists working on magnetic thin films and surfaces and to provide an opportunity for presentation and discussion of recent experimental and theoretical advances in the field. 285 scientists from 17 countries (Japan: 167, overseas: 118) participated in the Colloquium, as well as 6 family members. There were 56 oral and 178 poster presentations. The oral presentations consisted of 3 plenary talks, 23 invited talks and 30 contributed talks. The number of presentations by scientific category are as follows: Spin dependent transport: 43 Magnetic storage/memory: 9 Magnetization reversal and fast dynamics: 15 Spin injection and spin transfer torque: 26 Magnetic thin films and multilayers: 71 High spin polarization materials: 17 Hard and soft magnetic materials: 3 Magneto-optics: 5 Characterization techniques for thin films and surfaces: 7 Exchange coupling: 13 Micro- and nanopatterned magnetic structures: 18 Micromagnetic modelling: 2 One of the characteristics of the present Colloquium is an increase in the number of presentations in the field of spin-electronics, as seen above. This Cluster Issue of Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics includes several important papers in this rapidly developing field. We believe that, in the future, the field of magnetic materials will maintain its popularity and, on top of that, other fields such as spintronics materials, materials related to life sciences and medicine and also materials related to the environment will be investigated further. The ICMFS Conference started in London in 1964, and is now one of the world-wide conferences on magnetism. The Colloquium has been held in Japan four times now: the previous ones being the 5th ICMFS in the Mount Fuji area, the 10th at Yokohama and the 17th at Kyoto, which was

26 CFR 513.4 - Patent and copyright royalties and film rentals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 19 2011-04-01 2010-04-01 true Patent and copyright royalties and film rentals. 513.4 Section 513.4 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) REGULATIONS UNDER TAX CONVENTIONS IRELAND Withholding of Tax § 513.4 Patent and copyright royalties and film...

26 CFR 513.4 - Patent and copyright royalties and film rentals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 19 2012-04-01 2010-04-01 true Patent and copyright royalties and film rentals. 513.4 Section 513.4 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) REGULATIONS UNDER TAX CONVENTIONS IRELAND Withholding of Tax § 513.4 Patent and copyright royalties and film...

26 CFR 513.4 - Patent and copyright royalties and film rentals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 19 2013-04-01 2010-04-01 true Patent and copyright royalties and film rentals. 513.4 Section 513.4 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) REGULATIONS UNDER TAX CONVENTIONS IRELAND Withholding of Tax § 513.4 Patent and copyright royalties and film...

26 CFR 513.4 - Patent and copyright royalties and film rentals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 19 2014-04-01 2010-04-01 true Patent and copyright royalties and film rentals. 513.4 Section 513.4 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) REGULATIONS UNDER TAX CONVENTIONS IRELAND Withholding of Tax § 513.4 Patent and copyright royalties and film...

26 CFR 513.4 - Patent and copyright royalties and film rentals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 19 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Patent and copyright royalties and film rentals. 513.4 Section 513.4 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) REGULATIONS UNDER TAX CONVENTIONS IRELAND Withholding of Tax § 513.4 Patent and copyright royalties and film...

Patient Health Questionnaire-9 versus Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale in screening for major depressive episodes: a cross-sectional population-based study.

PubMed

Santos, Iná S; Tavares, Beatriz Franck; Munhoz, Tiago N; Manzolli, Patricia; de Ávila, Gisele Bartz; Jannke, Eduardo; Matijasevich, Alicia

2017-01-21

Major depressive episodes (MDE) are frequent at the population level and are generally associated with severe symptoms that impair performance of activities of daily living of individuals suffering from this condition. The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of two tests that separately showed suitable properties in screening for MDE: the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). In a previous study, the sensitivity and specificity of the PHQ-9 and the EPDS in screening for MDE were compared with a structured diagnostic interview conducted by psychiatrics and psychologists using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview as the gold standard. In a sample of adults living in the community in Pelotas, Brazil, the PHQ-9 and EPDS were applied at the same interview and the gold standard on a median of 17 days later. The interviews were carried out at the participant's home. 447 Individuals (191 men and 256 women) were assessed. The PHQ-9 and the EPDS results were concordant in 87.5% of the respondents, with a moderate agreement beyond what was expected by chance alone (kappa = 0.61). The areas below the ROC curves were not statistically different (82.1% for PHQ-9 and 83.5% for EPDS) (p = 0.291), thus indicating that the two tests had similar moderate accuracy. PHQ-9 and EPDS may be applied with equal confidence in screening for MDE in the community.

Patient health questionnaire-9 versus Edinburgh postnatal depression scale in screening for major depressive episodes: a cross-sectional population-based study.

PubMed

Santos, Iná S; Tavares, Beatriz Franck; Munhoz, Tiago N; Manzolli, Patricia; de Ávila, Gisele Bartz; Jannke, Eduardo; Matijasevich, Alicia

2016-09-27

Major depressive episodes (MDE) are frequent at the population level and are generally associated with severe symptoms that impair performance of activities of daily living of individuals suffering from this condition. The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of two tests that separately showed suitable properties in screening for MDE: the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale (EPDS). In a previous study, the sensitivity and specificity of the PHQ-9 and the EPDS in screening for MDE were compared with a structured diagnostic interview conducted by psychiatrics and psychologists using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview as the gold standard. In a sample of adults living in the community in Pelotas, Brazil, the PHQ-9 and EPDS were applied at the same interview and the gold standard on a median of 17 days later. The interviews were carried out at the participant's home. 447 individuals (191 men and 256 women) were assessed. The PHQ-9 and the EPDS results were concordant in 87.5 % of the respondents, with a moderate agreement beyond what was expected by chance alone (kappa = 0.61). The areas below the ROC curves were not statistically different (82.1 % for PHQ-9 and 83.5 % for EPDS) (p = 0.291), thus indicating that the two tests had similar moderate accuracy. PHQ-9 and EPDS may be applied with equal confidence in screening for MDE in the community.

Characteristics of Kodak Insight, an F-speed intraoral film.

PubMed

Ludlow, J B; Platin, E; Mol, A

2001-01-01

This study reports film speed, contrast, exposure latitude, resolution, and response to processing solution depletion of Kodak Insight intraoral film. Densitometric curves were generated by using International Standards Organization protocol. Additional curves were generated for Ultra-speed, Ektaspeed Plus, and Insight films developed in progressively depleted processing solutions. Eight observers viewed images of a resolution test tool for maximum resolution assessment. Images of an aluminum step-wedge were reviewed to determine useful exposure latitude. Insight's sensitivity in fresh automatic processor solutions places it in the F-speed group. An average gradient of 1.8 was found with all film types. Insight provided 93% of the useful exposure latitude of Ektaspeed Plus film. Insight maintained contrast in progressively depleted processing solutions. Like Ektaspeed Plus, Insight was able to resolve at least 20 line-pairs per millimeter. Under International Standards Organization conditions, Insight required only 77% of the exposure of Ektaspeed Plus film. Insight film provided stable contrast in depleted processing solutions.

Patterns of recreational drug use at dance events in Edinburgh, Scotland.

PubMed

Riley, S C; James, C; Gregory, D; Dingle, H; Cadger, M

2001-07-01

To describe the patterns of drug use at dance (rave) events in terms of prevalence, frequency, type of drugs used, patterns of use, access and risk-associated behaviours. Self-selecting participant-completed survey. Three dance events in Edinburgh, Scotland, UK. One hundred and twenty-two drug users (57% males, 43% females), 90% of whom were in employment or education, with an age range of 16-47, 80% between 18 and 23 years. Participants who answered 'yes' to the question 'Have you used drugs for dance events in the past year' reported (i) the prevalence, types and frequency of drugs used; (ii) prevalence and contents of mixing drugs; (iii) accessing drugs; and (iv) engagement with drug-associated risk behaviours. Over 80% of the participants had used ecstasy and amphetamine, over 30% cocaine and LSD; over 10% nitrites, psilocybin and ketamine and less than 5% had used crack or tranquillizers. Participants reported regular consumption of ecstasy and amphetamine (e.g. 35% used ecstasy and 25% amphetamine on a weekly basis) often taken in combination, with the occasional use of cocaine, LSD, ketamine and psilocybin. Poly- and mixing-drug behaviours were significantly more likely than monodrug usage. Drugs were accessed through friends than from any other source. Eighty-five per cent reported mixing drugs and/or alcohol, 35% driving on drugs, 36% having a bad experience on drugs; 30% unprotected sex; and 0.9% injecting drugs. Women in the sample reported higher consumption than men. Dance-drug use has a characteristic pattern that has implications for health promotion and criminal policy.

The Swedish validation of Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) during pregnancy.

PubMed

Rubertsson, Christine; Börjesson, Karin; Berglund, Anna; Josefsson, Ann; Sydsjö, Gunilla

2011-12-01

Around 10-15% of women suffer from depressive illness during pregnancy or the first year postpartum. Depression during pregnancy constitutes a risk for prenatal stress and preterm birth. No validated screening instrument for detecting depression during pregnancy was available in Swedish. We aimed to validate the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) against DSM-IV criteria for depression during pregnancy, establish a reliable cut-off and estimate the correlation between the EPDS and HAD-S (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale). In a population-based community sample of 1175 pregnant women, 918 women (78%) answered questionnaires with the EPDS and HAD-S. In all, 121 were interviewed using the PRIME-MD (Primary Care Evaluation of Mental disorders) for diagnosing depression. Women were interviewed in mean gestational week 13 (range 8-21). For the EPDS, a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was calculated for prediction of depression. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to investigate the association between EPDS and HAD-S scores. The optimal cut-off score on the EPDS scale for detecting depression was ≥13 (standard error coefficient of 1.09 and c-statistics of 0.84) giving a sensitivity of 77% and specificity of 94%. The EPDS scores correlated strongly with the HAD-S, Pearson's correlation was 0.83 (P < 0.0001). This study confirms that the EPDS is a valid screening instrument for detection of depressive symptoms during pregnancy. The EPDS shows persuasive measuring outcomes with an optimal cut-off at ≥13. Healthcare for pregnant women should consider screening procedures and follow-up routines for depressive symptoms.

Dissipative Properties of EHD Lubricant Film

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fedorov, S. V.

2018-01-01

For the case of the failure of the lubricant film at hydrodynamic lubrication a common thermodynamic theory of strength is considered. According to this theory the failure occurs when the internal energy density (potential and thermal components) in the volume of material reaches a constant for a given material. A special case of this theory is considered when only the density of heat (kinetic) component of internal energy is taken into account. Temperature condition determines the limit state for liquid lubricants - mineral oils. When analyzing the regularities of friction at EHD lubrication the state and properties of the oil film at the condition of irregular and hydrostatic compression. The original structural model of oil film at EHD lubrication in the form of the rotary oscillating cells with elastic interactions to each other is proposed. It is similar to the Rayleigh-Benard cells and corresponds to the cellular hypothesis of J. Gibbs for the case of equilibrium and reversible process. It is quite possible that the size of the cells have an order of about nano level. The oil film dissipates energy in the direction of relative motion of bodies. This oil film has the highest dissipative properties.

Effects of oil on internal gas transport, radial oxygen loss, gas films and bud growth in Phragmites australis.

PubMed

Armstrong, Jean; Keep, Rory; Armstrong, William

2009-01-01

Oil pollution of wetlands is a world-wide problem but, to date, research has concentrated on its influences on salt marsh rather than freshwater plant communities. The effects of water-borne light oils (liquid paraffin and diesel) were investigated on the fresh/brackish wetland species Phragmites australis in terms of routes of oil infiltration, internal gas transport, radial O(2) loss (ROL), underwater gas films and bud growth. Pressure flow resistances of pith cavities of nodes and aerenchyma of leaf sheaths, with or without previous exposure to oil, were recorded from flow rates under applied pressure. Convective flows were measured from living excised culms with oiled and non-oiled nodes and leaf sheaths. The effect of oil around culm basal nodes on ROL from rhizome and root apices was measured polarographically. Surface gas films on submerged shoots with and without oil treatment were recorded photographically. Growth and emergence of buds through water with and without an oil film were measured. Internodes are virtually impermeable, but nodes of senesced and living culms are permeable to oils which can block pith cavity diaphragms, preventing flows at applied pressures of 1 kPa, natural convective transport to the rhizome, and greatly decreasing ROL to phyllospheres and rhizospheres. Oil infiltrating or covering living leaf sheaths prevents humidity-induced convection. Oil displaces surface gas films from laminae and leaf sheaths. Buds emerge only a few centimetres through oil and die. Oil infiltrates the gas space system via nodal and leaf sheath stomata, reducing O(2) diffusion and convective flows into the rhizome system and decreasing oxygenation of phyllospheres and rhizospheres; underwater gas exchange via gas films will be impeded. Plants can be weakened by oil-induced failure of emerging buds. Plants will be most at risk during the growing season.

76 FR 8770 - Polyethylene Terephthalate (Pet) Film From Korea

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-02-15

... Terephthalate (Pet) Film From Korea AGENCY: United States International Trade Commission. ACTION: Notice of... concerning the antidumping duty order on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film from Korea. SUMMARY: The... order on PET film from Korea would be likely to lead to a continuation or recurrence of material injury...

Screening for postpartum depression using Kurdish version of Edinburgh postnatal depression scale.

PubMed

Ahmed, Hamdia Mirkhan; Alalaf, Shahla Kareem; Al-Tawil, Namir Ghanim

2012-05-01

One of the important public health problems affecting maternal and child health is postpartum depression (PPD). It generally occurs within 6-8 weeks after childbirth. To determine the prevalence of postpartum depression (PPD) using a Kurdish version of Edinburgh postpartum depression scale (EPDS) and to analyze the risk factors for postpartum depression in a population of puerperal Kurdish women in Erbil city. A cross-sectional study was conducted between 20th of June and 30th of November 2010, in 14 antenatal care units of primary health centers, in Erbil city, Kurdistan region, Iraq. The sample of the study included 1,000 puerperal women (6-8 weeks postpartum), ranging in age from 14 to 48 years. Data were collected after interviewing the women using a questionnaire designed by the researchers, and the Kurdish version of the EPDS. Chi square test of association and the logistic regression tests were used in the analysis. The prevalence of postpartum depression was 28.4%. Logistic regression analysis showed that the factors found to be associated with PPD were: physical or sexual abuse, delivery by cesarean section, history of past psychiatric illness, and family history of past psychiatric illness; while marriage with no previous agreement, and high socio-economic level were associated with lower levels of PPD. The Kurdish version of the EPDS can be successfully used to screen depression in a Kurdish population of puerperal women.

"Reel" Marketing for Your Movie Collections and Film Resources

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Germain, Carol Anne

2012-01-01

Foreign language films generate language acquisition, international cultural films help with global business interactions, medical videos teach students new medical procedures, and movies based on books encourage reading. Films can be instructional as well as FUN! Yet some of these cinematic materials receive little to no attention, not to mention…

The impact of education, country, race and ethnicity on the self-report of postpartum depression using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale

PubMed Central

Di Florio, A.; Putnam, K.; Altemus, M.; Apter, G.; Bergink, V.; Bilszta, J.; Brock, R.; Buist, A.; Deligiannidis, K. M.; Devouche, E.; Epperson, C. N.; Guille, C.; Kim, D.; Lichtenstein, P.; Magnusson, P. K. E.; Martinez, P.; Munk-Olsen, T.; Newport, J.; Payne, J.; Penninx, B. W.; O’Hara, M.; Robertson-Blackmore, E.; Roza, S. J.; Sharkey, K. M.; Stuart, S.; Tiemeier, H.; Viktorin, A.; Schmidt, P. J.; Sullivan, P. F.; Stowe, Z. N.; Wisner, K. L.; Jones, I.; Rubinow, D. R.; Meltzer-Brody, S.

2017-01-01

Background Universal screening for postpartum depression is recommended in many countries. Knowledge of whether the disclosure of depressive symptoms in the postpartum period differs across cultures could improve detection and provide new insights into the pathogenesis. Moreover, it is a necessary step to evaluate the universal use of screening instruments in research and clinical practice. In the current study we sought to assess whether the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), the most widely used screening tool for postpartum depression, measures the same underlying construct across cultural groups in a large international dataset. Method Ordinal regression and measurement invariance were used to explore the association between culture, operationalized as education, ethnicity/race and continent, and endorsement of depressive symptoms using the EPDS on 8209 new mothers from Europe and the USA. Results Education, but not ethnicity/race, influenced the reporting of postpartum depression [difference between robust comparative fit indexes (Δ*CFI) < 0.01]. The structure of EPDS responses significantly differed between Europe and the USA (Δ*CFI > 0.01), but not between European countries (Δ*CFI < 0.01). Conclusions Investigators and clinicians should be aware of the potential differences in expression of phenotype of postpartum depression that women of different educational backgrounds may manifest. The increasing cultural heterogeneity of societies together with the tendency towards globalization requires a culturally sensitive approach to patients, research and policies, that takes into account, beyond rhetoric, the context of a person’s experiences and the context in which the research is conducted. PMID:27866476

A film about teenage pregnancy.

PubMed

Smith, S

1989-01-01

"Consequences," a film on teenage pregnancy, was made in Africa with support from the Pathfinder Fund, an American foundation, International Planned Parenthood Federation, and the Ford foundation. Its messages are the repercussions of pregnancy, the use of contraception (especially condoms, as they help to stop the transmission of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome), and the need for teenagers to communicate with their parents. The abortion issue was handled by making the points that it is illegal and dangerous. Harriet Masembe, a Ugandan folk lorist helped develop the story line. A Zimbabwean, Olley Mauma, wrote the dialogue and directed the film. Segun Oyekunle, a Nigerian script writer, commented on the draft script. The story is that Rita, a 16- year-old African is bright and has a steady boy friend. She will soon graduate from high school and go on to university. Then she discovers her pregnancy. Her relationship with Richard, her boy friend, breaks down. Her school performance deteriorates. Both Rita and Rick get expelled from school. Rita is sent to her mother's village to have a child. She finds this is very hard, and includes a lot of responsibility. She comes home a year later, but finds it difficult to relate to her friends. The boy friend suddenly returns home, too. At the end of the 54-minute film, we are left wondering what will happen to Rita and Richard. The film was pretested with 250 teenagers in Kenya, Nigeria, and Zimbabwe, and others in London and the US. The script was translated into French, Shona, and Sindebele. A Swahili version is being made. The film is being placed with nongovernmental organizations and their agencies. There has been much publicity and the film has won 2 international awards. Parts of the film were shown on German television. Distribution began in May, 1988. Since then some 300 copies and 600 videos have been sent out. There is a copy in each of the 45 agencies affiliated with International Planned Parenthood

Films on Jobs, Training, and the Ghetto; An Evaluative Guide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

American Foundation on Automation and Employment, Inc., New York, NY.

This 47-page evaluative guide to films on jobs, training, and the ghetto was prepared at the first International Job Film Fair. The Fair was held in New York City, May 21-22, 1969, and was sponsored by the American Foundation on Automation and Employment. Films were obtained through a variety of film, industrial, and educational media. The panel…

Dynamics of film. [two dimensional continua theory

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zak, M.

1979-01-01

The general theory of films as two-dimensional continua are elaborated upon. As physical realizations of such a model this paper examines: inextensible films, elastic films, and nets. The suggested dynamic equations have enabled us to find out the characteristic speeds of wave propagation of the invariants of external and internal geometry and formulate the criteria of instability of their shape. Also included herein is a detailed account of the equation describing the film motions beyond the limits of the shape stability accompanied by the formation of wrinkles. The theory is illustrated by examples.

The Spanish version of the Warwick-Edinburgh mental well-being scale (WEMWBS) is valid for use in the general population.

PubMed

Castellví, Pere; Forero, Carlos G; Codony, Miquel; Vilagut, Gemma; Brugulat, Pilar; Medina, Antonia; Gabilondo, Andrea; Mompart, Anna; Colom, Joan; Tresserras, Ricard; Ferrer, Montse; Stewart-Brown, Sarah; Alonso, Jordi

2014-04-01

Mental well-being has aroused interest in Europe as an indicator of population health. The Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (WEMWBS) was developed in the United Kingdom showing good face validity and has been previously adapted into Spanish. The aim of this study is to assess the validity and reliability of the Spanish version of WEMWBS in the general population. Cross-sectional home face-to-face interview survey with computer-assisted personal interviewing was administered with the 2011 Catalan Health Interview Survey Wave 3, which is representative of the non-institutionalized general population of Catalonia, Spain. A total of 1,900 participants 15+ years of age were interviewed. The Spanish version of WEMWBS was administered together with socioeconomic and health-related variables, with a hypothesized level of association. Similar to the original, confirmatory factor analysis fits a one-factor model adequately (CFI = 0.974; TLI = 0.970; RMSEA = 0.059; χ (2) = 584.82; df = 77; p < .001) and has a high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.930; Guttman's lambda 2 = 0.932). The WEMWBS discriminated between population groups in all health-related and socioeconomic variables, except in gender (p = 0.119), with a magnitude similar to that hypothesized. Overall, mental well-being was higher for the general population of Catalonia (average and whole distribution) than that for Scotland general population. The Spanish version of WEMWBS showed good psychometric properties similar to the UK original scale. Whether better mental well-being in Catalonia is due to methodological or substantive cultural, social, or environmental factors should be further researched.

Validation of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) for screening of major depressive episode among adults from the general population.

PubMed

Matijasevich, Alicia; Munhoz, Tiago N; Tavares, Beatriz Franck; Barbosa, Ana Paula Pereira Neto; da Silva, Diego Mello; Abitante, Morgana Sonza; Dall'Agnol, Tatiane Abreu; Santos, Iná S

2014-10-08

Standardized questionnaires designed for the identification of depression are useful for monitoring individual as well as population mental health. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) has originally been developed to assist primary care health professionals to detect postnatal depression, but several authors recommend its use outside of the postpartum period. In Brazil, the use of the EPDS for screening depression outside the postpartum period and among non-selected populations has not been validated. The present study aimed to assess the validity of the EPDS as a screening instrument for major depressive episode (MDE) among adults from the general population. This is a validation study that used a population-based sampling technique to select the participants. The study was conducted in the city of Pelotas, Brazil. Households were randomly selected by two stage conglomerates with probability proportional to size. EPDS was administered to 447 adults (≥20 years). Approximately 17 days later, participants were reinterviewed by psychiatrics and psychologists using a structured diagnostic interview (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, MINI). We calculated the sensitivity and specificity of each cutoff point of EPDS, and values were plotted as a receiver operator characteristic curve. The best cutoff point for screening depression was ≥8, with 80.0% (64.4 - 90.9%) sensitivity and 87.0% (83.3 - 90.1%) specificity. Among women the best cutoff point was ≥8 too with values of sensitivity and specificity of 84.4% (67.2 - 94.7%) and 81.3% (75.5 - 86.1%), respectively. Among men, the best cutoff point was ≥7 (75% sensitivity and 89% specificity). The EPDS was shown to be suitable for screening MDE among adults in the community.

Unusual photoelectric behaviors of Mo-doped TiO2 multilayer thin films prepared by RF magnetron co-sputtering: effect of barrier tunneling on internal charge transfer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yan, B. X.; Luo, S. Y.; Mao, X. G.; Shen, J.; Zhou, Q. F.

2013-01-01

Mo-doped TiO2 multilayer thin films were prepared by RF magnetron co-sputtering. Microstructures, crystallite parameters and the absorption band were investigated with atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffraction and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. Internal carrier transport characteristics and the photoelectric property of different layer-assemble modes were examined on an electrochemical workstation under visible light. The result indicates that the double-layer structure with an undoped surface layer demonstrated a red-shifted absorption edge and a much stronger photocurrent compared to the uniformly doped sample, signifying that the electric field implanted at the interface between particles in different layers accelerated internal charge transfer effectively. However, a heavily doped layer implanted at the bottom of the three-layer film merely brought about negative effects on the photoelectric property, mainly because of the Schottky junction existing above the substrate. Nevertheless, this obstacle was successfully eliminated by raising the Mo concentration to 1020 cm-3, where the thickness of the depletion layer fell into the order of angstroms and the tunneling coefficient manifested a dramatic increase. Under this circumstance, the Schottky junction disappeared and the strongest photocurrent was observed in the three-layer film.

The World in the Classroom: Using Film as a Pedagogical Tool

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mishra, Samina

2018-01-01

Using the experience of teaching film in the International Baccalaureate programme, this article presents the intellectual and emotional learning that film can enable as well as the possibilities of using film as a pedagogic tool for the collaborative construction of knowledge.

A Film Program in a Teaching Hospital *

PubMed Central

Meiboom, Esther

1973-01-01

The Martland Hospital Medical Library has for more than a year been conducting a 16mm film program for interns, residents, attending physicians, and nurses as an adjunct to continuing education. It was possible to run this project on a minimal budget because many films are available at little or no cost from governmental agencies, pharmaceutical companies, medical associations, and universities. The program is run on a departmental basis. Films for a department are selected by the chief resident in that department from a list which the librarian has prepared of available films in the specialty involved. The library orders and publicizes the films and transacts all business in connection with them. Films pertinent to clinical practice are preferred. The administration of this program is described in this paper, and a number of film catalogs are evaluated. Criteria for film selection are discussed. PMID:4800293

76 FR 71450 - Deduction for Qualified Film and Television Production Costs; Correction

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-18

... DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY Internal Revenue Service 26 CFR Part 1 [TD 9552] RIN 1545-BJ24 Deduction for Qualified Film and Television Production Costs; Correction AGENCY: Internal Revenue Service... Register on Wednesday, October 19, 2011 (76 FR 64816) relating to deductions for the cost of producing film...

76 FR 64879 - Deduction for Qualified Film and Television Production Costs

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-19

... Deduction for Qualified Film and Television Production Costs AGENCY: Internal Revenue Service (IRS... regulations relating to deductions for the costs of producing film and television productions. Those temporary... 2008, and affect taxpayers that produce films and television productions within the United States. The...

The performance of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale in English speaking and non-English speaking populations in Australia.

PubMed

Small, Rhonda; Lumley, Judith; Yelland, Jane; Brown, Stephanie

2007-01-01

The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) has been widely used to assess maternal depression following childbirth in a range of English speaking countries, and increasingly also in translation in non-English speaking ones. It has performed satisfactorily in most validation studies, has proved easy to administer, is acceptable to women, and rates of depression in the range of 10-20% have been consistently found. The performance of the EPDS was compared across different population samples in Australia: (i) Women born in Australia or in another English speaking country who completed the EPDS in English as part of the 1994 postal Survey of Recent Mothers (SRM) 6-7 months after birth (n = 1166); (ii) Women born in non-English speaking countries who also completed the EPDS in English in the same survey (n = 142); and (iii) Women born in Vietnam (n = 103), Turkey (n = 104) and the Philippines (n = 106) who completed the EPDS 6-9 months after birth in translation in the Mothers in a New Country Study (MINC) study (total n = 313). The pattern of item responses on the EPDS was assessed in various ways across the samples and internal reliability coefficients were calculated. Exploratory factor analyses were also conducted to assess the similarity in the factor solutions across the samples. The EPDS had good construct validity and item endorsement by women was similar across the samples. Internal reliability of the scale was also very satisfactory with Cronbach's alpha for each sample being > or = 8. Between 39 and 46% of the variance in each of the three main samples was accounted for by one principal factor 'depression' (6-7 items loading), with two supplementary factors 'loss of enjoyment' (2 items loading) and 'despair/self-harm' (2-3 items loading) accounting for a further 20-25% of the variance. Alternative one and two factor solutions also showed a great deal of consistency between the samples. The good item consistency of the EPDS and the relative stability of

A Selection of Films for Family Planning Programmes.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

International Planned Parenthood Federation, London (England).

This catalog gives an annotated listing of selected films available for use in family planning programs. Films are listed alphabetically, geographically by particular country, and by subject. In most cases information is given concerning length, producer, distributor, cost, and rental conditions from the International Planned Parenthood…

Educational achievement of nurses who completed the nursing education and the nursing administration certificate courses of the Department of Nursing Studies, University of Edinburgh, 1958-1975.

PubMed

Sinclair, H C; Hardy, L K; Hughes, J

1984-11-01

This paper describes the educational activity of a group of 149 nurse teachers and administrators following completion of the nursing education and nursing administration certificate courses of the University of Edinburgh (1958-1975). The data were obtained by a postal questionnaire and three particular types of courses reported by the respondents are discussed. Emphasis is given to the analysis involving degree courses as this was a prominent educational activity, especially among nurse teachers. The conclusion discusses the potential of an all graduate nurse teacher group and suggests some implications for the nursing profession.

High-pressure Seebeck coefficients and thermoelectric behaviors of Bi and PbTe measured using a Paris-Edinburgh cell

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Baker, Jason; Kumar, Ravhi S.; Park, Changyong

2016-01-01

A new sample cell assembly design for the Paris-Edinburgh type large-volume press for simultaneous measurements of X-ray diffraction, electrical resistance, Seebeck coefficient and relative changes in the thermal conductance at high pressures has been developed. The feasibility of performing in situ measurements of the Seebeck coefficient and thermal measurements is demonstrated by observing well known solid–solid phase transitions of bismuth (Bi) up to 3 GPa and 450 K. A reversible polarity flip has been observed in the Seebeck coefficient across the Bi-I to Bi-II phase boundary. Also, successful Seebeck coefficient measurements have been performed for the classical high-temperature thermoelectric materialmore » PbTe under high pressure and temperature conditions. In addition, the relative change in the thermal conductivity was measured and a relative change in ZT, the dimensionless figure of merit, is described. Furthermore, this new capability enables pressure-induced structural changes to be directly correlated to electrical and thermal properties.« less

High-pressure Seebeck coefficients and thermoelectric behaviors of Bi and PbTe measured using a Paris-Edinburgh cell.

PubMed

Baker, Jason; Kumar, Ravhi; Park, Changyong; Kenney-Benson, Curtis; Cornelius, Andrew; Velisavljevic, Nenad

2016-11-01

A new sample cell assembly design for the Paris-Edinburgh type large-volume press for simultaneous measurements of X-ray diffraction, electrical resistance, Seebeck coefficient and relative changes in the thermal conductance at high pressures has been developed. The feasibility of performing in situ measurements of the Seebeck coefficient and thermal measurements is demonstrated by observing well known solid-solid phase transitions of bismuth (Bi) up to 3 GPa and 450 K. A reversible polarity flip has been observed in the Seebeck coefficient across the Bi-I to Bi-II phase boundary. Also, successful Seebeck coefficient measurements have been performed for the classical high-temperature thermoelectric material PbTe under high pressure and temperature conditions. In addition, the relative change in the thermal conductivity was measured and a relative change in ZT, the dimensionless figure of merit, is described. This new capability enables pressure-induced structural changes to be directly correlated to electrical and thermal properties.

Cuts and the cutting edge: British science funding and the making of animal biotechnology in 1980s Edinburgh.

PubMed

Myelnikov, Dmitriy

2017-12-01

The Animal Breeding Research Organisation in Edinburgh (ABRO, founded in 1945) was a direct ancestor of the Roslin Institute, celebrated for the cloning of Dolly the sheep. After a period of sustained growth as an institute of the Agricultural Research Council (ARC), ABRO was to lose most of its funding in 1981. This decision has been absorbed into the narrative of the Thatcherite attack on science, but in this article I show that the choice to restructure ABRO pre-dated major government cuts to agricultural research, and stemmed from the ARC's wish to prioritize biotechnology in its portfolio. ABRO's management embraced this wish and campaigned against the cuts based on a promise of biotechnological innovation, shifting its focus from farm animal genetics to the production of recombinant pharmaceuticals in sheep milk. By tracing interaction between government policies, research council agendas and local strategies, I show how novel research programmes such as genetic modification could act as a lifeline for struggling institutions.

26 CFR 1.992-4 - Coordination with personal holding company provisions in case of certain produced film rents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... provisions in case of certain produced film rents. 1.992-4 Section 1.992-4 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE... certain produced film rents. (a) In general. Section 992(d)(2) provides that a personal holding company is..., the term “produced film rents” means payments received with respect to an interest in a film for the...

26 CFR 1.992-4 - Coordination with personal holding company provisions in case of certain produced film rents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... provisions in case of certain produced film rents. 1.992-4 Section 1.992-4 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE... certain produced film rents. (a) In general. Section 992(d)(2) provides that a personal holding company is..., the term “produced film rents” means payments received with respect to an interest in a film for the...

26 CFR 1.992-4 - Coordination with personal holding company provisions in case of certain produced film rents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... provisions in case of certain produced film rents. 1.992-4 Section 1.992-4 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE... certain produced film rents. (a) In general. Section 992(d)(2) provides that a personal holding company is..., the term “produced film rents” means payments received with respect to an interest in a film for the...

26 CFR 1.992-4 - Coordination with personal holding company provisions in case of certain produced film rents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... provisions in case of certain produced film rents. 1.992-4 Section 1.992-4 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE... certain produced film rents. (a) In general. Section 992(d)(2) provides that a personal holding company is..., the term “produced film rents” means payments received with respect to an interest in a film for the...

26 CFR 1.992-4 - Coordination with personal holding company provisions in case of certain produced film rents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... provisions in case of certain produced film rents. 1.992-4 Section 1.992-4 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE... produced film rents. (a) In general. Section 992(d)(2) provides that a personal holding company is not... “produced film rents” means payments received with respect to an interest in a film for the use of, or the...

Effects of crossflow in an internal-cooling channel on film cooling of a flat plate through compound-angle holes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stratton, Zachary T.

The film-cooling holes in turbine blades are fed from an internal cooling channel. This channel imposes a crossflow at the entrance of the holes that can significantly affect the performance of the cooling jets that emanate from those holes. In this study, CFD simulations based on steady RANS with the shear-stress transport (SST) and the realizable k-epsilon turbulence models were performed to study film cooling of a flat plate with cooling jets issuing from eight round holes with a compound angle of 45 degrees, where the coolant channel that fed the cooling jets was oriented perpendicular to the direction of the hot-gas flow. One case was also performed by using large-eddy simulation (LES) to get a sense of the unsteady nature of the flow. Operating conditions were chosen to match the laboratory conditions, which maintained a density ratio of 1.5 between the coolant and the hot gas. Parameters studied include internal crossflow direction and blowing ratios of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5. Results obtained showed an unsteady vortex forms inside the hole, causing a side-to-side shedding of the coolant jet. Values of adiabatic effectiveness predicted by the CFD simulations were compared with experimentally measured values. Steady RANS was found to be inconsistent in its ability to predict adiabatic effectiveness with relative error ranging from 10% to over 100%. LES was able to predict adiabatic effectiveness with reasonable accuracy.

26 CFR 509.110 - Patent and copyright royalties and film rentals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 19 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Patent and copyright royalties and film rentals... royalties and film rentals. Royalties and other amounts representing consideration for the right to use... films or for the use of industrial, commercial, or scientific equipment, which are derived from sources...

Wire Frame Holds Water-Soap Film in Space

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2003-01-01

Expedition 6 astronaut Dr. Don Pettit photographed a cube shaped wire frame supporting a thin film made from a water-soap solution during his Saturday Morning Science aboard the International Space Station's (ISS) Destiny Laboratory. Food coloring was added to several faces to observe the effects of diffusion within the film.

Cross cultural evaluation of the Warwick-Edinburgh mental well-being scale (WEMWBS) -a mixed methods study

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Background We aimed to validate the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS) among English speaking adults representing two of the minority ethnic groups living in the UK, self-identified as Chinese or Pakistani by background, in a mixed methods study. Methods Quantitative data were collected in two cities in the West Midlands, UK. Item response, dimensionality, internal consistency, and construct validity of the WEMWBS were assessed in Chinese and Pakistani groups separately, using data from both cities combined. Qualitative data were collected in the first city in eight focus groups of different ages recruited by the community workers. Three mixed sex Chinese and five single sex Pakistani groups discussed ease of completion and comprehension of items, together with overall reactions to the scale and underlying concept. Results of quantitative and qualitative analysis were examined for commonalities and differences. Results Item completion and item total correlations were satisfactory in both groups. In the Chinese data, Exploratory Factor Analysis showed a single factor with loadings ranging from 0.60 to 0.82 for all 14 items. In the Pakistani data, three factors reached statistical significance; however, a substantial drop in eigenvalues between the first and second factors and the limited variance explained by the second and third factors supported a one-factor model. All items loaded on this factor from 0.51 to 0.83. In the Chinese and Pakistani data respectively, Cronbach’s alpha was 0.92 (0.89 – 0.94) and 0.91 (0.88 – 0.94); Spearman’s correlation with GHQ-12 was - 0.63 (−0.73 to −0.49) and −0.55 (−0.70 to −0.36), and with the WHO-5 0.62 (0.46-0.75) and 0.64 (0.50 to 0.76). Qualitative analysis revealed good comprehension and ease of completion of almost all items. Some culturally determined differences in understanding of mental well-being, which varied both between and within communities, emerged. Conclusions The WEMWBS was well

Factor structure of the Japanese version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale in the postpartum period.

PubMed

Kubota, Chika; Okada, Takashi; Aleksic, Branko; Nakamura, Yukako; Kunimoto, Shohko; Morikawa, Mako; Shiino, Tomoko; Tamaji, Ai; Ohoka, Harue; Banno, Naomi; Morita, Tokiko; Murase, Satomi; Goto, Setsuko; Kanai, Atsuko; Masuda, Tomoko; Ando, Masahiko; Ozaki, Norio

2014-01-01

The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) is a widely used screening tool for postpartum depression (PPD). Although the reliability and validity of EPDS in Japanese has been confirmed and the prevalence of PPD is found to be about the same as Western countries, the factor structure of the Japanese version of EPDS has not been elucidated yet. 690 Japanese mothers completed all items of the EPDS at 1 month postpartum. We divided them randomly into two sample sets. The first sample set (n = 345) was used for exploratory factor analysis, and the second sample set was used (n = 345) for confirmatory factor analysis. The result of exploratory factor analysis indicated a three-factor model consisting of anxiety, depression and anhedonia. The results of confirmatory factor analysis suggested that the anxiety and anhedonia factors existed for EPDS in a sample of Japanese women at 1 month postpartum. The depression factor varies by the models of acceptable fit. We examined EPDS scores. As a result, "anxiety" and "anhedonia" exist for EPDS among postpartum women in Japan as already reported in Western countries. Cross-cultural research is needed for future research.

26 CFR 514.5 - Patent and copyright royalties and film rentals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 19 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Patent and copyright royalties and film rentals...) REGULATIONS UNDER TAX CONVENTIONS FRANCE Withholding of Tax § 514.5 Patent and copyright royalties and film... motion picture films or for the use of industrial, commercial, or scientific equipment, which are derived...

Validation of the Spanish version of the Edinburgh Feeding Evaluation in Dementia Scale for older people with dementia

PubMed Central

San Alberto Giraldos, Mercedes; López Leiva, Inmaculada; León Campos, Álvaro; Martí García, Celia; García Mayor, Silvia

2018-01-01

Aims To adapt the Edinburgh Feeding Evaluation in Dementia Scale (EdFED) for use in a Spanish-speaking population and to assess its validity and reliability in patients with dementia. Method A cross-sectional study was carried out in two stages: 1. Cross-cultural adaptation (translation, back-translation, review by committee of experts, pilot test and weighting of results); 2. Clinimetric validation comprising interobserver reliability assessment, test-retest reliability and internal consistency. To determine construct validity, confirmatory factorial analysis and principal components analysis were performed by oblique rotations. Criteria validity was analysed using the Pearson correlation (p<0.05) with the BMI, MNA and analytical values of albumin, transferrin, cholesterol, absolute lymphocytes and total proteins. Data collection was carried out for six months in 2016 in nursing homes and Alzheimer’s day centers in the province of Málaga (Spain), at nine centers, with 262 patients (aged over 60 years and presenting feeding difficulties), 20 nurses, 20 professional caregivers and 103 family caregivers. Results A version of EdFED culturally adapted to Spanish was obtained. The sample presented the following characteristics: 76.3% women, mean age 82.3 years (SD: 7.9); MNA 18.73 (SD: 4.44); BMI 23.99 (SD: 4.72); serum albumin 3.79 mg/dl (SD: 0.36). A Cronbach’s alpha of 0.88 was obtained, with an inter-item global correlation of 0.43 and a homogeneity index ranging from 0.42 to 0.73. The exploratory factor analysis reproduced the three-factor model identified by the original authors, explaining 62.32% of the total variance. The criterion validity showed a good inverse correlation with MNA and a moderate one with albumin, total proteins, transferrin and BMI. Discussion The Spanish version of EdFED is reliable and valid for use in elderly people with dementia. The most appropriate for our environment is the three-factor model, which maintains the original factors

A Three-Dimensional Coupled Internal/External Simulation of a Film-Cooled Turbine Vane

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Heidmann, James D.; Rigby, David L.; Ameri, Ali A.

1999-01-01

A three-dimensional Navier-Stokes simulation has been performed for a realistic film-cooled turbine vane using the LeRC-HT code. The simulation includes the flow regions inside the coolant plena and film cooling holes in addition to the external flow. The vane is the subject of an upcoming NASA Glenn Research Center experiment and has both circular cross-section and shaped film cooling holes. This complex geometry is modeled using a multi-block grid which accurately discretizes the actual vane geometry including shaped holes. The simulation matches operating conditions for the planned experiment and assumes periodicity in the spanwise direction on the scale of one pitch of the film cooling hole pattern. Two computations were performed for different isothermal wall temperatures, allowing independent determination of heat transfer coefficients and film effectiveness values. The results indicate separate localized regions of high heat transfer coefficient values, while the shaped holes provide a reduction in heat flux through both parameters. Hole exit data indicate rather simple skewed profiles for the round holes, but complex profiles for the shaped holes with mass fluxes skewed strongly toward their leading edges.

Study of the photovoltaic effect in thin film barium titanate

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Grannemann, W. W.; Dharmadhikari, V. S.

1981-01-01

The photoelectric effect in structures consisting of metal deposited barium titanate film silicon is described. A radio frequency sputtering technique is used to deposit ferroelectric barium titantate films on silicon and quartz. Film properties are measured and correlated with the photoelectric effect characteristics of the films. It was found that to obtain good quality pin hole free films, it is necessary to reduce the substrate temperature during the last part of the deposition. The switching ability of the device with internal applied voltage is improved when applied with a ferroelectric memory device.

Method for making surfactant-templated thin films

DOEpatents

Brinker, C. Jeffrey; Lu, Yunfeng; Fan, Hong You

2010-08-31

An evaporation-induced self-assembly method to prepare a porous, surfactant-templated, thin film by mixing a silica sol, a solvent, a surfactant, and an interstitial compound, evaporating a portion of the solvent to form a liquid, crystalline thin film mesophase material, and then removal of the surfactant template. Coating onto a substrate produces a thin film with the interstitial compound either covalently bonded to the internal surfaces of the ordered or disordered mesostructure framework or physically entrapped within the ordered or disordered mesostructured framework. Particles can be formed by aerosol processing or spray drying rather than coating onto a substrate. The selection of the interstitial compound provides a means for developing thin films for applications including membranes, sensors, low dielectric constant films, photonic materials and optical hosts.

Method for making surfactant-templated thin films

DOEpatents

Brinker, C. Jeffrey; Lu, Yunfeng; Fan, Hongyou

2002-01-01

An evaporation-induced self-assembly method to prepare a porous, surfactant-templated, thin film by mixing a silica sol, a solvent, a surfactant, and an interstitial compound, evaporating a portion of the solvent to form a liquid, crystalline thin film mesophase material, and then removal of the surfactant template. Coating onto a substrate produces a thin film with the interstitial compound either covalently bonded to the internal surfaces of the ordered or disordered mesostructure framework or physically entrapped within the ordered or disordered mesostructured framework. Particles can be formed by aerosol processing or spray drying rather than coating onto a substrate. The selection of the interstitial compound provides a means for developing thin films for applications including membranes, sensors, low dielectric constant films, photonic materials and optical hosts.

The microjet-film interaction: the interaction and resulting shapes of a liquid microjet impacting a soap film

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chan, Jau Tung; Lee, Jie Liang; Tjeng, Vincent; Yeo, Ye; Tan, Guoxian

2014-11-01

The International Young Physicists’ Tournament (IYPT) is a worldwide annual competition for high-school students. This paper is adapted from the solution to problem 8, Jet and Film, as presented by the Singapore Team at the 26th IYPT, Taipei, Taiwan. The impact of liquid microjets on stable soap films was investigated. Two steady regimes were observed: refraction (where the microjet penetrates the soap film and is deflected) and absorption (where the microjet merges with the soap film and forms vertical undulating patterns on the soap film surface). This phenomenon has potential applications in controlling the trajectory of a liquid microjet in air. Although Kirstetter et al (2012) investigated this interaction by using the same liquid for both the microjet and the soap film, this paper extends their work by using different liquids for the microjet and the soap film. In addition, the need for a small-angle approximation of Snell’s law is removed for the refraction regime, and an alternative expression is proposed for the force exerted by the soap film on the microjet in the absorption regime that accounts for the dependence of the wavelength of the undulating patterns on the angle of incidence of the microjet on the soap film. Empirical data support these improved theoretical predictions.

A Film Unit Designed Especially For Developing Countries.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Woods, John L.

An Agency for International Development (AID) project established an educational film production unit in Malawi. The project was designed to deliver extension services and information from the Ministry of Agriculture to rural farmers and had to: 1) produce films which meet the needs of villagers; 2) keep costs to an absolute minimum; and 3) fully…

Orodispersible Films for Compounding Pharmacies.

PubMed

Ferreira, Anderson O; Brandão, Marcos Antônio F; Raposo, Francisco José; Polonini, Hudson C; Raposo, Nádia Rezende Barbosa

2017-01-01

Orodispersible film can be defined as a solid pharmaceutical form intended for the delivery and rapid local or systemic release of active ingredients, consisting of a water-soluble polymer film that hydrates rapidly, adhering and dissolving immediately when placed on the tongue or in the oral cavity (oral, palatal, gingival, lingual, or sublingual), without the need for water administration or mastication. Due to its outstanding importance in cases of emergency, practicality of use by patients in transit, and high adherence, orodispersible film has evolved in popularity and success among consumers. It is a promising dosage form for compounding pharmacies, as simpler technologies are being developed to make the compound process easier and faster for the pharmacist. This article aims to explore some of the basics on orodispersible film and the main possible preparations to be developed in compounding pharmacies worldwide. Copyright© by International Journal of Pharmaceutical Compounding, Inc.

Factor structure of the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory versus the Fazio Laterality Inventory in a population with established atypical handedness.

PubMed

Fazio, Rachel L; Cantor, James M

2015-01-01

The Edinburgh Handedness Inventory (EHI) has consistently remained the most used handedness inventory despite its limitations. The psychometric properties of handedness inventories, however, are increasingly important due to their use in matching groups for neuroimaging research. This study compared the performance of the EHI and the Fazio Laterality Inventory (FLI) in a population with atypical handedness. Whereas the EHI demonstrated a single-factor loading in this population, the FLI's previously demonstrated single factor dissociated into two factors: fine motor/ballistic movements and expressive/instrumental movements. This dissociation is similar to that seen when tests of cognitive constructs--which tend to load on a single factor in intact populations--dissociate when administered to populations with difficulties in the assessed domain. This pattern of performance lends further support for the use of the FLI to more accurately assess handedness. Future research in other populations with atypical laterality may illuminate additional factors of the FLI.

MISSE 5 Thin Films Space Exposure Experiment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Harvey, Gale A.; Kinard, William H.; Jones, James L.

2007-01-01

The Materials International Space Station Experiment (MISSE) is a set of space exposure experiments using the International Space Station (ISS) as the flight platform. MISSE 5 is a co-operative endeavor by NASA-LaRC, United Stated Naval Academy, Naval Center for Space Technology (NCST), NASA-GRC, NASA-MSFC, Boeing, AZ Technology, MURE, and Team Cooperative. The primary experiment is performance measurement and monitoring of high performance solar cells for U.S. Navy research and development. A secondary experiment is the telemetry of this data to ground stations. A third experiment is the measurement of low-Earth-orbit (LEO) low-Sun-exposure space effects on thin film materials. Thin films can provide extremely efficacious thermal control, designation, and propulsion functions in space to name a few applications. Solar ultraviolet radiation and atomic oxygen are major degradation mechanisms in LEO. This paper is an engineering report of the MISSE 5 thm films 13 months space exposure experiment.

Laser-induced fluorescence measurement of the oil film thickness in an internal combustion engine

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ostroski, Greg M.; Ghandhi, Jaal B.

1997-11-01

The use of a fluorescent dopant molecule to enhance the natural fluorescence of motor oils, and allow quantitative determination of temperature and film thickens in internal combustion engines has been investigated. Measurement of the fluorescence as a function of temperature were made with neat Mobil 1, and solutions of the dopant BTBP in mineral oil and Mobil 1. The fluorescence yield of neat Mobil 1 was found to vary by 30 percent over the temperature range explored, but the spectral characteristics, as measured with bandpass filters, were unaffected by temperature. The BTBP fluorescence was found to increase significantly with temperature, and it was found the narrower regions in the spectrum increased proportionally more than the fluorescence collected over the entire spectrum, allowing a determination of temperature to be made which can then be used to correct for the change in fluorescence yield. Solutions in Mobil 1 showed a smaller increase than that observed in mineral oil.

Hydrogen film/conductive cooling

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ewen, R. L.

1972-01-01

Small scale nozzle tests using heated nitrogen were run to obtain effectiveness and wall heat transfer data with hydrogen film cooling. Effectiveness data are compared with an entrainment model developed from planar, unaccelerated flow data. Results indicate significant effects due to flow turning and acceleration. With injection velocity effects accounted for explicitly, heat transfer correlation coefficients were found to be the same with and without film cooling when properties are evaluated at an appropriate reference temperature for the local gas composition defined by the coolant effectiveness. A design study for an O2/H2 application with 300 psia (207 N/sq cm) chamber pressure and 1500 lbs (6670 N) thrust indicates an adiabatic wall design requires 4 to 5 percent of the total flow as hydrogen film cooling. Internal regenerative cooling designs were found to offer no reduction in coolant requirements.

Pre-AIDS mortality in the Edinburgh City Hospital HIV cohort.

PubMed

Seaman, S R; Brettle, R P; Gore, S M

1997-11-15

In this paper, we look at the incidence and predictive factors of pre-AIDS mortality among HIV-infected individuals, and injecting drug users (IDUs) in particular, and compare IDUs with non-IDUs. 627 patients (73 per cent IDUs) of the Edinburgh City Hospital HIV Cohort were enrolled pre-AIDS and followed up until September 1994. Analyses were performed using cumulative hazard and cumulative incidence estimators for a competing risks model, the Cox proportional hazards model and the non-parametric hazard estimator of Fusaro et al. (1993). The effects of age and CD4 T-lymphocyte cell count, progressively depleted during HIV progression, were investigated. 60 deaths occurred in AIDS-free patients during follow-up; 25 were drug-related deaths in IDUs. Pre-AIDS mortality was higher among IDUs than non-IDUs (p = 0.07). The cumulative incidences of pre-AIDS death after five years from enrollment were 11 per cent in IDUs and 6 per cent in non-IDUs; the cumulative AIDS incidences were, respectively, 19 per cent and 32 per cent. After eight years, cumulative pre-AIDS death incidence was 15 per cent among IDUs; cumulative AIDS incidence among IDUs was 35 per cent. Both groups had similar risks of medically-related (non-AIDS)-MRNA-death. Age and CD4 count were both individually predictive of MRNA death (relative risks (RRs); 2.1 per decade of life, p < 0.01; and 1.9 for each 100 cells per 100 microliters lost, p < 0.0001), although when used together age was less significant (RR 1.6, p = 0.07). Neither was statistically significant for drug-related mortality, although hazard may be lower in older individuals and may increase with falling CD4 count. The drug-related mortality was 1.1 per cent: 2.3 per cent in the first two years after enrollment, and 0.4 per cent thereafter. We conclude that older HIV-infected individuals are at greater risk of medically-related death before AIDS. This risk increases as CD4 count declines. Drug-related hazard may be greater in younger

Validation of screening tools for antenatal depression in Malawi--a comparison of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and Self Reporting Questionnaire.

PubMed

Stewart, Robert C; Umar, Eric; Tomenson, Barbara; Creed, Francis

2013-09-25

The detection of antenatal depression in resource-limited settings such as Malawi, Africa, is important and requires an accurate and practical screening tool. It is not known which questionnaire would be most suitable for this purpose. A rigorously translated and modified Chichewa version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was developed. The Chichewa EPDS and an existing Chichewa version of the Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ) were validated in women attending an antenatal clinic in rural Malawi, using DSM-IV major and major-or-minor depressive episode as the gold standard diagnoses, determined with Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID). Weighted test characteristics for each possible cut-off were calculated and Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) curves derived. The participants were 224 pregnant women, 92 of whom were interviewed using the SCID. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for detection of current major depressive disorder for the EPDS was 0.811 (95% CI 0.734-0.889) and for the SRQ was 0.833 (95% CI 0.770-0.897). AUC for major-or-minor depressive disorder for the EPDS was 0.767 (95% CI 0.695-0.839) and for the SRQ was 0.883 (95% CI 0.839-0.927). These were not significant differences. Internal consistency was high for both the SRQ (Cronbach's alpha 0.825) and the EPDS (Cronbach's alpha 0.904). Inter-rater reliability testing was not done. The relatively small sample size resulted in wide confidence intervals around AUCs. The study was conducted amongst antenatal clinic attenders only, limiting generalisability to all pregnant women in this setting. The Chichewa versions of the EPDS and SRQ both show utility as brief screening measures for detection of antenatal depression in rural Malawi. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Why drive? Psychoanalytic reflections on the film Never let me go.

PubMed

Storck, Timo

2016-02-01

The author presents a psychoanalytic interpretation of Mark Romanek's film Never Let Me Go, which concerns a society in which young adult clones have their internal organs 'harvested' for transplantation. Following some general remarks on the method of psychoanalytic film interpretation, strongly emphasising the aesthetics of form and artistic elements specific to film, the author develops the notion that through its cinematic perspectives and shots, Never Let Me Go dramatizes a specific relationship between the sublime and solitude. The film therefore deals with a particular intrinsic difference between expanse and constraint, as well as the limited and the eternal. This leads the viewer to participate directly in a film-specific way in the inner conflicts at work both in the film's theme and in its protagonists. In terms of aesthetic content, these conflicts are revealed as those of an inescapable thanatological theme that is essentially intertwined with an erotic one. The film shows how love, sexuality, and internal and external images arise from thanatological forces, and it simultaneously provides a way of sublating them (Hegel's Aufhebung) - that is, the film itself represents a benign drive fusion. The film's protagonists, however, struggle with a lack of early parenting and thus with the helplessness of facing individual drive development and the longing for a holding object. Hence, in formal terms, the film deals with the sublime, and, as I will show, it also deals with sublimation at the level of its content. Copyright © 2016 Institute of Psychoanalysis.

Improving discrimination in antepartum depression screening using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale.

PubMed

Venkatesh, Kartik K; Kaimal, Anjali J; Castro, Victor M; Perlis, Roy H

2017-05-01

Universal screening of pregnant women for postpartum depression has recently been recommended; however, optimal application of depression screening tools in stratifying risk has not been defined. The current study examines new approaches to improve the ability of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) to stratify risk for postpartum depression, including alternate cut points, use of a continuous measure, and incorporation of other putative risk factors. An observational cohort study of 4939 women screened both antepartum and postpartum with a negative EPDS screen antepartum(i.e. EPDS<10). The primary outcome was a probable postpartum major depressive episode(EPDS cut-off ≥10). Area under the receiver operating characteristics curve(AUC), sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values were calculated. 287 women(5.8%) screened positive for postpartum depression. An antepartum EPDS cut-off<5 optimally identified women with a low risk of postpartum depression with a negative predictive value of 97.6%; however, overall discrimination was modest(AUC 0.66, 95%CI: 0.64-0.69); sensitivity was 78.7%, and specificity was 53.8%, and the positive predictive value was low at 9.5%. The negative predictive values were similar(>95%) at all antepartum EPDS cut-off values from 4 to 8. Discrimination was improved(AUC ranging from 0.70 to 0.73) when the antepartum EPDS was combined with a prior history of major depressive disorder before pregnancy. An inability to assess EPDS subscales and a relatively low prevalence of depression in this cohort. Though an antepartum EPDS cut-off score <5 yielded the greatest discrimination identifying women at low risk for postpartum depression, the negative predictive value was insufficient to substitute for postpartum screening. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Novel Ballistic Processing of Sn-0.7Cu Thick Films

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cavero, D.; Stewart, K.; Morsi, K.

2017-01-01

The present paper discusses a novel process (Ballistic Processing) for the ultra-rapid processing of textured and un-textured thick and potentially thin films. The effect of processing velocity (14.6 to 36.1 m/s) on the developed external structure and internal microstructure of Sn-0.7Cu thick film is discussed. Film thicknesses ranging from 6.08 to 12.79 μm were produced and characterized by two-dimensional hypoeutectic microstructures. Both film thickness and dendrite arm spacing decreased with an increase in processing velocity.

Tailoring polymer films for solar-collection use, phase 1

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fouser, J. P.

1983-09-01

Several types of Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) polymers in film form that could meet the performance criteria with respect to thermal, ultraviolet, and tensile strength stability for use as exterior glazing in a low cost solar collector or for the internal heat exchange component were evaluated. Seven film specimens were tested. It is concluded that acrylonitrile homopolymer films when properly cast and processed have good mechanical properties, have long uv stability, and are usable for prolonged periods at 300 F.

The Education of the Film-Maker: An International View.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, Paris (France).

This book presents a world view of trends, needs, and potentials concerning the education of film and television directors, who are perceived as image makers who play a central role in the present and future sociocultural development of all societies. Work is based on the papers and discussions of a 1972 meeting, organized by UNESCO, on the…

Ion plated gold films: Properties, tribological behavior and performance

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Spalvins, Talivaldis

1987-01-01

The glow discharge energizing favorably modifies and controls the coating/substrate adherence and the nucleation and growth sequence of ion plated gold films. As a result the adherence, coherence, internal stresses, and morphology of the films are significantly improved. Gold ion plated films because of their graded coating/substrate interface and fine uniform densely packed microstructure not only improve the tribological properties but also induce a surface strengthening effect which improves the mechanical properties such as yield, tensile, and fatigue strength. Consequently significant improvements in the tribological performance of ion plated gold films as compared to vapor deposited gold films are shown in terms of decreased friction/wear and prolonged endurance life.

Injecting buprenorphine-naloxone film: Findings from an explorative qualitative study.

PubMed

White, Nancy; Flaherty, Ian; Higgs, Peter; Larance, Briony; Nielsen, Suzanne; Degenhardt, Louisa; Ali, Robert; Lintzeris, Nicholas

2015-11-01

Experiences of buprenorphine-naloxone (BNX) sublingual film injection are not well documented or understood. We examined how people who inject BNX film seek and share information about this practice, document the methods used to prepare BNX film for injection, and report participants' experiences of this practice. Interviews were (n = 16) conducted with people who indicated that they had injected BNX film since its introduction onto the Australian market. Semistructured interviews were recorded and transcribed. NVivo10 program (QSR International) was used to analyse the data using qualitative description methodology. Participants largely reported similar BNX film preparation techniques, although the texture of BNX film during preparation to inject was reported to be unusual (gluggy), and there were many varied accounts associated with the amount of water used. Physical harms reported as associated with injecting BNX film were described (including local and systemic issues); participants reported injecting the film to enhance its immediate effects, yet generally reported that sublingual administration provided longer-lasting effects. Understanding knowledge acquisition about injecting new formulations of opioid substitution therapy is crucial in developing more effective harm-reduction strategies. Dissemination by peer networks to those who are currently or planning to inject BNX film regarding the 'gelatine like' texture when mixing, using only cold water and double filtering is important to ensure safer injecting practices. Findings from this study highlight the importance of peer networks for the dissemination of harm-reduction information. Introduction of new formulations internationally requires more qualitative studies to inform safer practices. © 2015 Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs.

Miscellaneous Lasing Actions in Organo-Lead Halide Perovskite Films.

PubMed

Duan, Zonghui; Wang, Shuai; Yi, Ningbo; Gu, Zhiyuan; Gao, Yisheng; Song, Qinghai; Xiao, Shumin

2017-06-21

Lasing actions in organo-lead halide perovskite films have been heavily studied in the past few years. However, due to the disordered nature of synthesized perovskite films, the lasing actions are usually understood as random lasers that are formed by multiple scattering. Herein, we demonstrate the miscellaneous lasing actions in organo-lead halide perovskite films. In addition to the random lasers, we show that a single or a few perovskite microparticles can generate laser emissions with their internal resonances instead of multiple scattering among them. We experimentally observed and numerically confirmed whispering gallery (WG)-like microlasers in polygon shaped and other deformed microparticles. Meanwhile, owing to the nature of total internal reflection and the novel shape of the nanoparticle, the size of the perovskite WG laser can be significantly decreased to a few hundred nanometers. Thus, wavelength-scale lead halide perovskite lasers were realized for the first time. All of these laser behaviors are complementary to typical random lasers in perovskite film and will help the understanding of lasing actions in complex lead halide perovskite systems.

The Edinburgh Social Cognition Test (ESCoT): Examining the effects of age on a new measure of theory of mind and social norm understanding

PubMed Central

Abrahams, Sharon; Auyeung, Bonnie; MacPherson, Sarah E.

2018-01-01

Current measures of social cognition have shown inconsistent findings regarding the effects of healthy aging. Moreover, no tests are currently available that allow clinicians and researchers to examine cognitive and affective theory of mind (ToM) and understanding of social norms within the same test. To address these limitations, we present the Edinburgh Social Cognition Test (ESCoT) which assesses cognitive and affective ToM and inter- and intrapersonal understanding of social norms. We examined the effects of age, measures of intelligence and the Broader Autism Phenotype (BAP) on the ESCoT and established tests of social cognition. Additionally, we investigated the convergent validity of the ESCoT based on traditional social cognition measures. The ESCoT was administered alongside Reading the Mind in Films (RMF), Reading the Mind in Eyes (RME), Judgement of Preference and Social Norm Questionnaire to 91 participants (30 aged 18–35 years, 30 aged 45–60 years and 31 aged 65–85 years). Poorer performance on the cognitive and affective ToM ESCoT subtests were predicted by increasing age. The affective ToM ESCoT subtest and RMF were predicted by gender, where being female predicted better performance. Unlike the ESCoT, better performance on the RMF was predicted by higher verbal comprehension and perceptual reasoning abilities, while better performance on the RME was predicted by higher verbal comprehension scores. Lower scores on inter-and intrapersonal understanding of social norms were both predicted by the presence of more autism-like traits while poorer interpersonal understanding of social norms performance was predicted by increasing age. These findings show that the ESCoT is a useful measure of social cognition and, unlike established tests of social cognition, performance is not predicted by measures of verbal comprehension and perceptual reasoning. This is particularly valuable to obtain an accurate assessment of the influence of age on our social

The Edinburgh Social Cognition Test (ESCoT): Examining the effects of age on a new measure of theory of mind and social norm understanding.

PubMed

Baksh, R Asaad; Abrahams, Sharon; Auyeung, Bonnie; MacPherson, Sarah E

2018-01-01

Current measures of social cognition have shown inconsistent findings regarding the effects of healthy aging. Moreover, no tests are currently available that allow clinicians and researchers to examine cognitive and affective theory of mind (ToM) and understanding of social norms within the same test. To address these limitations, we present the Edinburgh Social Cognition Test (ESCoT) which assesses cognitive and affective ToM and inter- and intrapersonal understanding of social norms. We examined the effects of age, measures of intelligence and the Broader Autism Phenotype (BAP) on the ESCoT and established tests of social cognition. Additionally, we investigated the convergent validity of the ESCoT based on traditional social cognition measures. The ESCoT was administered alongside Reading the Mind in Films (RMF), Reading the Mind in Eyes (RME), Judgement of Preference and Social Norm Questionnaire to 91 participants (30 aged 18-35 years, 30 aged 45-60 years and 31 aged 65-85 years). Poorer performance on the cognitive and affective ToM ESCoT subtests were predicted by increasing age. The affective ToM ESCoT subtest and RMF were predicted by gender, where being female predicted better performance. Unlike the ESCoT, better performance on the RMF was predicted by higher verbal comprehension and perceptual reasoning abilities, while better performance on the RME was predicted by higher verbal comprehension scores. Lower scores on inter-and intrapersonal understanding of social norms were both predicted by the presence of more autism-like traits while poorer interpersonal understanding of social norms performance was predicted by increasing age. These findings show that the ESCoT is a useful measure of social cognition and, unlike established tests of social cognition, performance is not predicted by measures of verbal comprehension and perceptual reasoning. This is particularly valuable to obtain an accurate assessment of the influence of age on our social cognitive

The Demise of the Preformed Embryo: Edinburgh, Leiden, and the Physician-Poet Mark Akenside's Contribution to Re-Establishing Epigenetic Embryology.

PubMed

Dix, Robin

2014-01-01

Seventeenth-century advances in microscopy prompted a shift in the dominant theory of human reproduction from one of epigenesis, derived from such ancient authorities as Aristotle, which posited that the mixing of male and female reproductive material generated a being which had not existed before, to one of preformation, whereby embryologists argued that the offspring of an animal already existed in miniature in the reproductive material. This chapter reveals that the poet, Mark Akenside, anticipated the Enlightenment's challenge to the prevailing preformationist orthodoxy when a medical student at Edinburgh in the late 1730s, as evident in his May 1744 thesis entitled De ortu et incremento foetus humani ('On the Origin and Growth of the Human Foetus'). What prompted Akenside to take such a bold step? Faced with a scarcity of biographical sources, Akenside's major poem on The Pleasures of Imagination (1744) suggests how the poet had been thinking about reproductive processes in innovative contexts and that his medical research informed his concept of poetic creation.

Micron-scale pattern formation in prestressed polygonal films

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Annabattula, R. K.; Onck, P. R.

2011-02-01

In this paper we explore the spontaneous formation of micropatterns in thin prestressed polygonal films using finite element simulations. We study films with different size, thickness, and shape, including square, rectangular, pentagonal, and hexagonal films. Patterns form when the films release the internal eigenstrain by buckling-up, after which the films bond-back to the substrate. After an initial symmetric evolution of the buckling profile, the symmetry of the deflection pattern breaks when the wavelength of wriggles near the film edges decreases. During bond back the deflection morphology converges to a fourfold, fivefold, and sixfold ridging pattern for the square, pentagonal and hexagonal films, respectively, showing a close resemblance with experimental film systems of similar size and shape. Rectangular films of large length to width ratio go through a transition in buckling shapes from the initial Euler mode, through the varicose mode into the antisymmetric telephone-cord mode. For all the film shapes, the ratio of the film height to the effective film width scales with the square root of eigenstrain and is independent of thickness. The bond-back mechanism determines the final wrinkle morphology and is governed by the eigenstrain value at the end of the buckling-up stage and the dimensionless parameter (Γ /EWeq)(Weq/t)3, relating the interface energy to the strain energy in the film.

Exposure of Polymer Film Thermal Control Materials on the Materials International Space Station Experiment (MISSE)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dever, Joyce; Miller, Sharon; Messer, Russell; Sechkar, Edward; Tollis, Greg

2002-01-01

Seventy-nine samples of polymer film thermal control (PFTC) materials have been provided by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Glenn Research Center (GRC) for exposure to the low Earth orbit environment on the exterior of the International Space Station (ISS) as part of the Materials International Space Station Experiment (MISSE). MISSE is a materials flight experiment sponsored by the Air Force Research Lab/Materials Lab and NASA. This paper will describe background, objectives, and configurations for the GRC PFTC samples for MISSE. These samples include polyimides, fluorinated polyimides, and Teflon fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) with and without second-surface metallizing layers and/or surface coatings. Also included are polyphenylene benzobisoxazole (PBO) and a polyarylene ether benzimidazole (TOR-LM). On August 16, 2001, astronauts installed passive experiment carriers (PECs) on the exterior of the ISS in which were located twenty-eight of the GRC PFTC samples for 1-year space exposure. MISSE PECs for 3-year exposure, which will contain fifty-one GRC PFTC samples, will be installed on the ISS at a later date. Once returned from the ISS, MISSE GRC PFTC samples will be examined for changes in optical and mechanical properties and atomic oxygen (AO) erosion. Additional sapphire witness samples located on the AO exposed trays will be examined for deposition of contaminants.

Enhanced sensitivity to dielectric function and thickness of absorbing thin films by combining total internal reflection ellipsometry with standard ellipsometry and reflectometry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lizana, A.; Foldyna, M.; Stchakovsky, M.; Georges, B.; Nicolas, D.; Garcia-Caurel, E.

2013-03-01

High sensitivity of spectroscopic ellipsometry and reflectometry for the characterization of thin films can strongly decrease when layers, typically metals, absorb a significant fraction of the light. In this paper, we propose a solution to overcome this drawback using total internal reflection ellipsometry (TIRE) and exciting a surface longitudinal wave: a plasmon-polariton. As in the attenuated total reflectance technique, TIRE exploits a minimum in the intensity of reflected transversal magnetic (TM) polarized light and enhances the sensitivity of standard methods to thicknesses of absorbing films. Samples under study were stacks of three films, ZnO : Al/Ag/ZnO : Al, deposited on glass substrates. The thickness of the silver layer varied from sample to sample. We performed measurements with a UV-visible phase-modulated ellipsometer, an IR Mueller ellipsometer and a UV-NIR reflectometer. We used the variance-covariance formalism to evaluate the sensitivity of the ellipsometric data to different parameters of the optical model. Results have shown that using TIRE doubled the sensitivity to the silver layer thickness when compared with the standard ellipsometry. Moreover, the thickness of the ZnO : Al layer below the silver layer can be reliably quantified, unlike for the fit of the standard ellipsometry data, which is limited by the absorption of the silver layer.

Education in Motion: Uses of Documentary Film in Educational Research

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Warmington, Paul; Van Gorp, Angelo; Grosvenor, Ian

2011-01-01

This paper explores the challenges for social and cultural historians of education of using documentary films on schools and schooling as a research resource. It draws upon the outcomes of the British Academy-funded Documentary Film in Educational Research project, an international study that focused on developing methodological frameworks for…

Translation and validation of the Chinese version of the short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale for patients with mental illness in Hong Kong.

PubMed

Ng, S S W; Lo, A W Y; Leung, T K S; Chan, F S M; Wong, A T Y; Lam, R W T; Tsang, D K Y

2014-03-01

Quality of life outcomes are useful in the assessment of mental and social wellbeing and for informed health care decision-making, especially in the choice of interventions in psychiatric rehabilitation. In its original form, the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS) is a proven reliable and valid tool for assessing quality of life in normal adults, but not in adults from Asian countries. A shortened 7-item version of WEMWBS (SWEMWBS) with good internal construct validity was used for this study. The present study describes the translation of WEMWBS from English to Chinese and its validation in a sample of Chinese-speaking patient population. Participants included patients admitted to the inpatient units, and those attending the day hospital and outpatient units of the Kowloon Hospital (n = 126). Translation was performed using the multiple forward and backward translation protocol. Patients also completed the 5-item World Health Organization Well-being Index (WHO5) questionnaire. A case therapist completed the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale within 2 days. A total of 20 patients were selected for test-retest measurements performed after 2 weeks. The sample displayed a normal distribution of the Chinese version of SWEMWBS (C-SWEMWBS) scores (mean ± standard deviation, 23.16 ± 5.39; skewness, -0.068; kurtosis, -0.355). Internal reliability coefficient (Cronbach's alpha) for C-SWEMWBS was 0.89 which was consistent with that of English version. The corrected item-total correlation was high with Spearman's rank correlation coefficients ranging from 0.57 (item 6) to 0.75 (item 5). Good test-retest reliability was observed (r = 0.677; p = 0.001). Principal components factor analysis identified a single component (eigenvalues, 4.28; 61.1% variance), similar to the English version. Scores of C-SWEMWBS were positively correlated with the scores of WHO5 (r = 0.49; p < 0.001), suggesting good concurrent validity. Few item scores including 'feeling useful

Photothermal Spectroscopy Using a Pyroelectric Thin Film Detector.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-09-16

FRD-fi34 291 PHOTOTHERNAL SPECTROSCOPYIJ SING A PYROELECTRIC THIN- I/IT, F FILM DETECTOR(J) INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORP I SAN JOSE CALIF SAN...Coufal N01-1C01 9, PERFORMING3 ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT. PROJECT. TASK International Business Machines Corp. AE OKUI UBR San Jose

Atomistic modelling of evaporation and explosive boiling of thin film liquid argon over internally recessed nanostructured surface

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hasan, Mohammad Nasim; Shavik, Sheikh Mohammad; Rabbi, Kazi Fazle; Haque, Mominul

2016-07-01

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have been carried out to investigate evaporation and explosive boiling phenomena of thin film liquid argon on nanostructured solid surface with emphasis on the effect of solid-liquid interfacial wettability. The nanostructured surface considered herein consists of trapezoidal internal recesses of the solid platinum wall. The wetting conditions of the solid surface were assumed such that it covers both the hydrophilic and hydrophobic conditions and hence effect of interfacial wettability on resulting evaporation and boiling phenomena was the main focus of this study. The initial configuration of the simulation domain comprised of a three phase system (solid platinum, liquid argon and vapor argon) on which equilibrium molecular dynamics (EMD) was performed to reach equilibrium state at 90 K. After equilibrium of the three-phase system was established, the wall was set to different temperatures (130 K and 250 K for the case of evaporation and explosive boiling respectively) to perform non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD). The variation of temperature and density as well as the variation of system pressure with respect to time were closely monitored for each case. The heat flux normal to the solid surface was also calculated to illustrate the effectiveness of heat transfer for hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces in cases of both nanostructured surface and flat surface. The results obtained show that both the wetting condition of the surface and the presence of internal recesses have significant effect on normal evaporation and explosive boiling of the thin liquid film. The heat transfer from solid to liquid in cases of surface with recesses are higher compared to flat surface without recesses. Also the surface with higher wettability (hydrophilic) provides more favorable conditions for boiling than the low-wetting surface (hydrophobic) and therefore, liquid argon responds quickly and shifts from liquid to vapor phase faster in

Atomistic modelling of evaporation and explosive boiling of thin film liquid argon over internally recessed nanostructured surface

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hasan, Mohammad Nasim, E-mail: nasim@me.buet.ac.bd.com; Shavik, Sheikh Mohammad, E-mail: shavik@me.buet.ac.bd.com; Rabbi, Kazi Fazle, E-mail: rabbi35.me10@gmail.com

2016-07-12

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have been carried out to investigate evaporation and explosive boiling phenomena of thin film liquid argon on nanostructured solid surface with emphasis on the effect of solid-liquid interfacial wettability. The nanostructured surface considered herein consists of trapezoidal internal recesses of the solid platinum wall. The wetting conditions of the solid surface were assumed such that it covers both the hydrophilic and hydrophobic conditions and hence effect of interfacial wettability on resulting evaporation and boiling phenomena was the main focus of this study. The initial configuration of the simulation domain comprised of a three phase system (solidmore » platinum, liquid argon and vapor argon) on which equilibrium molecular dynamics (EMD) was performed to reach equilibrium state at 90 K. After equilibrium of the three-phase system was established, the wall was set to different temperatures (130 K and 250 K for the case of evaporation and explosive boiling respectively) to perform non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD). The variation of temperature and density as well as the variation of system pressure with respect to time were closely monitored for each case. The heat flux normal to the solid surface was also calculated to illustrate the effectiveness of heat transfer for hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces in cases of both nanostructured surface and flat surface. The results obtained show that both the wetting condition of the surface and the presence of internal recesses have significant effect on normal evaporation and explosive boiling of the thin liquid film. The heat transfer from solid to liquid in cases of surface with recesses are higher compared to flat surface without recesses. Also the surface with higher wettability (hydrophilic) provides more favorable conditions for boiling than the low-wetting surface (hydrophobic) and therefore, liquid argon responds quickly and shifts from liquid to vapor phase

The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS): translation and validation study of the Iranian version.

PubMed

Montazeri, Ali; Torkan, Behnaz; Omidvari, Sepideh

2007-04-04

The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) is a widely used instrument to measure postnatal depression. This study aimed to translate and to test the reliability and validity of the EPDS in Iran. The English language version of the EPDS was translated into Persian (Iranian language) and was used in this study. The questionnaire was administered to a consecutive sample of 100 women with normal (n = 50) and caesarean section (n = 50) deliveries at two points in time: 6 to 8 weeks and 12 to 14 weeks after delivery. Statistical analysis was performed to test the reliability and validity of the EPDS. Overall 22% of women at time 1 and 18% at time 2 reported experiencing postpartum depression. In general, the Iranian version of the EPDS was found to be acceptable to almost all women. Cronbach's alpha coefficient (to test reliability) was found to be 0.77 at time 1 and 0.86 at time 2. In addition, test-rest reliability was performed and the intraclass correlation coefficient was found to be 0.80. Validity as performed using known groups comparison showed satisfactory results. The questionnaire discriminated well between sub-groups of women differing in mode of delivery in the expected direction. The factor analysis indicated a three-factor structure that jointly accounted for 58% of the variance. This preliminary validation study of the Iranian version of the EPDS proved that it is an acceptable, reliable and valid measure of postnatal depression. It seems that the EPDS not only measures postpartum depression but also may be measuring something more.

Measuring reliable change in cognition using the Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioural ALS Screen (ECAS).

PubMed

Crockford, Christopher; Newton, Judith; Lonergan, Katie; Madden, Caoifa; Mays, Iain; O'Sullivan, Meabhdh; Costello, Emmet; Pinto-Grau, Marta; Vajda, Alice; Heverin, Mark; Pender, Niall; Al-Chalabi, Ammar; Hardiman, Orla; Abrahams, Sharon

2018-02-01

Cognitive impairment affects approximately 50% of people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Research has indicated that impairment may worsen with disease progression. The Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioural ALS Screen (ECAS) was designed to measure neuropsychological functioning in ALS, with its alternate forms (ECAS-A, B, and C) allowing for serial assessment over time. The aim of the present study was to establish reliable change scores for the alternate forms of the ECAS, and to explore practice effects and test-retest reliability of the ECAS's alternate forms. Eighty healthy participants were recruited, with 57 completing two and 51 completing three assessments. Participants were administered alternate versions of the ECAS serially (A-B-C) at four-month intervals. Intra-class correlation analysis was employed to explore test-retest reliability, while analysis of variance was used to examine the presence of practice effects. Reliable change indices (RCI) and regression-based methods were utilized to establish change scores for the ECAS alternate forms. Test-retest reliability was excellent for ALS Specific, ALS Non-Specific, and ECAS Total scores of the combined ECAS A, B, and C (all > .90). No significant practice effects were observed over the three testing sessions. RCI and regression-based methods produced similar change scores. The alternate forms of the ECAS possess excellent test-retest reliability in a healthy control sample, with no significant practice effects. The use of conservative RCI scores is recommended. Therefore, a change of ≥8, ≥4, and ≥9 for ALS Specific, ALS Non-Specific, and ECAS Total score is required for reliable change.

A First-Order Formalization of Knowledge and Action for a Multiagent Planning System.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-12-01

1979), pp. 176-181. Doyle, J., "Truth Maintenance Systems for Problem Solvinn,’ Memo AI-TR-419, MIT Artifcial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge (1978...the Standpoint of Artifcial Intelligence ," in Machine Intelligence 4, B. Meltzer and D. Michie (Edo.), Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh (1969...A -A1R 603 SRI INTERNATIONAL MENLO PARK CA ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGE --ETC FIG 9I2 A FIRST-ORDER FORMALIZATION OF KNOWLEDGE AND ACTION FOR A MULTI--ETC(U

Photocatalytic oxidation of organic compounds via waveguide-supported titanium dioxide films

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Miller, Lawrence W.

A photochemical reactor based on titanium dioxide (TiO2)-coated silica optical fibers was constructed to explore the use of waveguide-supported TiO2 films for photocatalytic oxidation of organic compounds. The reactor was used for the photocatalytic oxidation of 4-chlorophenol in water. It was confirmed that TiO2 films could be securely attached to silica optical fibers. The 4-chlorophenol (100 mumol/L in water) was successfully oxidized on the TiO2 surface when UV light (310 nm--380 nm) was propagated through the fibers to the films. Rates of 4-chlorophenol oxidation and UV light flux to the fibers were measured. The quantum efficiency of 4-chlorophenol oxidation [defined as the change in 4-chlorophenol concentration divided by the UV light absorbed by the catalyst] was determined as a function of TiO2 catalyst film thickness and internal incident angle of propagating UV light. A maximum quantum efficiency of 2.8% was measured when TiO2 film thickness was ca. 80 nm and the maximum internal incident angle of propagating light was 84°. Quantum efficiency increased with increasing internal angle of incidence of propagating light and decreased with TiO2 film thickness. UV-Visible internal reflection spectroscopy was used to determine whether UV light propagated through TiO2-coated silica waveguides in an ATR mode. Propagation of UV light in an ATR mode was confirmed by the similarities between internal reflection spectra of phenolphthalein obtained with uncoated and TiO2-coated silica crystals. Planar silica waveguides coated with TiO2 were employed in a photocatalytic reactor for the oxidation of formic acid (833 mumol/L in water). It was shown that the quantum yield of formic acid oxidation [defined as the moles of formic acid oxidized divided by the moles of UV photons absorbed by the catalyst] on the waveguide-supported TiO2 surface is enhanced when UV light propagates through the waveguides in an ATR mode. A maximum quantum yield of 3.9% was found for formic

Corporate Philanthropy, College Students, and The LUNAFEST[R] Film Festival

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hankin, Kelly

2011-01-01

In 2001, Clif Bar & Company, makers of LUNA: The Whole Nutrition Bar for Women, debuted LUNAFEST[R], an international touring film festival that showcases short narrative and documentary work of female filmmakers and raises money for the Breast Cancer Fund and other nonprofit women's organizations. A pre-packaged film festival with clear and easy…

The first seventy admissions to an adolescent unit in Edinburgh: general characteristics and treatment outcome.

PubMed

Framrose, R

1975-04-01

1. The clinical functioning of the Young People's Unit, Edinburgh is described. This involves a relatively permissive, democratic "milieu". Psychotherapeutic efforts are devoted to the resolution of family psychopathology and the achievement of maturational progress for the adolescent. 2. Data on the first seventy admittions to the Unit were examined. Two-thirds of the patients were diagnosed "developmental crisis"; the majority of these also had a personality disorder. 3. Assessments of family functioning showed high levels of disturbance and psychiatric morbidity among the parents. The adolescents had mutually good, positive relationships with their opposite-sexed parents, but markedly negative ones with the same-sexed parents. This was not in accordance with the usual findings in "normal" families. Delinquent and impulsive patients showed uniformly negative family attitudes. 4. A simple estimation of treatment outcome at discharge gave results comparable to those of other units, with 70 per cent of patients rated as improved. Neurotic and psychotic patients had a relatively better outcome. Tension-discharge personality disorder and a history of very disruptive or antisocial behaviour were associated with poor outcome. 5. The poor response of very disturbed, impulsive adolescents to this type of therapeutic regime is discussed. These individuals do not appear to have sufficient personality resources and organization to benefit from this type of treatment. Emerging from this is a suggestion for an increased provision of specialized units offering containment and intensive care to the very disturbed adolescent.

Chemical structural analysis of diamondlike carbon films: II. Raman analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Takabayashi, Susumu; Ješko, Radek; Shinohara, Masanori; Hayashi, Hiroyuki; Sugimoto, Rintaro; Ogawa, Shuichi; Takakuwa, Yuji

2018-02-01

The chemical structure of diamondlike carbon (DLC) films, synthesized by photoemission-assisted glow discharge, has been analyzed by Raman spectroscopy. Raman analysis in conjunction with the sp2 cluster model clarified the film structure. The sp2 clusters in DLC films synthesized at low temperature preferred various aliphatic structures. Sufficient argon-ion assist allowed for formation of less strained DLC films containing large amounts of hydrogen. As the synthesis temperature was increased, thermal desorption of hydrogen left carbon dangling bonds with active unpaired electrons in the films, and the reactions that followed created strained films containing aromatic sp2 clusters. In parallel, the desorption of methane molecules from the growing surface by chemisorption of hydrogen radicals prevented the action of argon ions, promoting internal strain of the films. However, in synthesis at very high temperature, where sp2 clusters are sufficiently dominant, the strain was dissolved gradually. In contrast, the DLC films synthesized at low temperature were more stable than other films synthesized at the same temperature because of stable hydrogen-carbon bonds in the films.

Nonbolometric bottleneck in electron-phonon relaxation in ultrathin WSi films

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sidorova, Mariia V.; Kozorezov, A. G.; Semenov, A. V.; Korneeva, Yu. P.; Mikhailov, M. Yu.; Devizenko, A. Yu.; Korneev, A. A.; Chulkova, G. M.; Goltsman, G. N.

2018-05-01

We developed the model of the internal phonon bottleneck to describe the energy exchange between the acoustically soft ultrathin metal film and acoustically rigid substrate. Discriminating phonons in the film into two groups, escaping and nonescaping, we show that electrons and nonescaping phonons may form a unified subsystem, which is cooled down only due to interactions with escaping phonons, either due to direct phonon conversion or indirect sequential interaction with an electronic system. Using an amplitude-modulated absorption of the sub-THz radiation technique, we studied electron-phonon relaxation in ultrathin disordered films of tungsten silicide. We found an experimental proof of the internal phonon bottleneck. The experiment and simulation based on the proposed model agree well, resulting in τe -ph˜14 0 -19 0 ps at TC=3.4 K , supporting the results of earlier measurements by independent techniques.

Politics in Fiction & Film: An Introduction & Appreciation. A Team-Taught Course.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Krukones, Michael G.; And Others

An interdisciplinary course integrating political science, literature, and film is used at Bellarmine College in Kentucky as a vehicle for examining politics on the local, state, national and international levels. Four novels and their analogous films are used, corresponding to the respective political level--"The Last Hurrah,""All…

Drop impact on thin liquid films using TIRM

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pack, Min; Ying Sun Team

2015-11-01

Drop impact on thin liquid films is relevant to a number of industrial processes such as pesticide spraying and repellent surface research such as self-cleaning applications. In this study, we systematically investigate the drop impact dynamics on thin liquid films on plain glass substrates by varying the film thickness, viscosity and impact velocity. High speed imaging is used to track the droplet morphology and trajectory over time as well as observing instability developments at high Weber number impacts. Moreover, the air layer between the drop and thin film upon drop impact is probed by total internal reflection microscopy (TIRM) where the grayscale intensity is used to measure the air layer thickness and spreading radius over time. For low We impact on thick films (We ~ 10), the effect of the air entrainment is pronounced where the adhesion of the droplet to the wall is delayed by the air depletion and liquid film drainage, whereas for high We impact (We >100) the air layer is no longer formed and instead, the drop contact with the wall is limited only to the film drainage for all film thicknesses. In addition, the maximum spreading radius of the droplet is analyzed for varying thin film thickness and viscosity.

Structural Characterization of Sputtered Silicon Thin Films after Rapid Thermal Annealing for Active-Matrix Organic Light Emitting Diode

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

de Dieu Mugiraneza, Jean; Miyahira, Tomoyuki; Sakamoto, Akinori; Chen, Yi; Okada, Tatsuya; Noguchi, Takashi; Itoh, Taketsugu

2010-12-01

The microcrystalline phase obtained by adopting a two-step rapid thermal annealing (RTA) process for rf-sputtered silicon films deposited on thermally durable glass was characterized. The optical properties, surface morphology, and internal stress of the annealed Si films are investigated. As the thermally durable glass substrate allows heating of the deposited films at high temperatures, micro-polycrystalline silicon (micro-poly-Si) films of uniform grain size with a smooth surface and a low internal stress could be obtained after annealing at 750 °C. The thermal stress in the Si films was 100 times lower than that found in the films deposited on conventional glass. Uniform grains with an average grain size of 30 nm were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in the films annealed at 800 °C. These micro-poly-Si films have potential application for fabrication of uniform and reliable thin film transistors (TFTs) for large scale active-matrix organic light emitting diode (AMOLED) displays.

26 CFR 1.181-1T - Deduction for qualified film and television production costs (temporary).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 3 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Deduction for qualified film and television... Individuals and Corporations (continued) § 1.181-1T Deduction for qualified film and television production... provides definitions and rules concerning qualified film and television productions. Section 1.181-4...

Evaluation of the Edinburgh Post Natal Depression Scale using Rasch analysis

PubMed Central

Pallant, Julie F; Miller, Renée L; Tennant, Alan

2006-01-01

Background The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) is a 10 item self-rating post-natal depression scale which has seen widespread use in epidemiological and clinical studies. Concern has been raised over the validity of the EPDS as a single summed scale, with suggestions that it measures two separate aspects, one of depressive feelings, the other of anxiety. Methods As part of a larger cross-sectional study conducted in Melbourne, Australia, a community sample (324 women, ranging in age from 18 to 44 years: mean = 32 yrs, SD = 4.6), was obtained by inviting primiparous women to participate voluntarily in this study. Data from the EPDS were fitted to the Rasch measurement model and tested for appropriate category ordering, for item bias through Differential Item Functioning (DIF) analysis, and for unidimensionality through tests of the assumption of local independence. Results Rasch analysis of the data from the ten item scale initially demonstrated a lack of fit to the model with a significant Item-Trait Interaction total chi-square (chi Square = 82.8, df = 40; p < .001). Removal of two items (items 7 and 8) resulted in a non-significant Item-Trait Interaction total chi-square with a residual mean value for items of -0.467 with a standard deviation of 0.850, showing fit to the model. No DIF existed in the final 8-item scale (EPDS-8) and all items showed fit to model expectations. Principal Components Analysis of the residuals supported the local independence assumption, and unidimensionality of the revised EPDS-8 scale. Revised cut points were identified for EPDS-8 to maintain the case identification of the original scale. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that EPDS, in its original 10 item form, is not a viable scale for the unidimensional measurement of depression. Rasch analysis suggests that a revised eight item version (EPDS-8) would provide a more psychometrically robust scale. The revised cut points of 7/8 and 9/10 for the EPDS-8 show high

"Beautiful publicity": an introduction to queer Asian film.

PubMed

Grossman, A

2000-01-01

With a few seemingly apolitical exceptions, openly queer cinemas have generally charted two opposing courses-a propagandistic search for bourgeois acceptance or a radical challenge to sexual hegemony. Yet even the most politically challenging of queer films, for example those of Pasolini, are nevertheless distributed and disseminated through the heteronormative and hegemonically capitalist means they philosophically oppose. This essay thus takes as its texts two low-budget gay male Japanese films of the 1980s, which have been made available on international home video, as opposing examples of politicoeconomic allegories enacted within the self-reflexive contexts of queer cinema and gay male political history. Taken together, the two films present an interlocking example of how Asian queer films both engage and refute "Eastern" and "Western" conceptions of homosexuality and sexual politics in general.

PREFACE: Innovations in Thin Film Processing and Characterisation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Henrion, Gérard; Belmahi, Mohammed; Andrieu, Stéphane

2010-07-01

This special issue contains selected papers which were presented as invited or contributed communications at the 4th International Conference on Innovation in Thin Film Processing and Characterization (ITFPC'09) which was held on 17-20 November, 2009 in Nancy (France) Jointly organized by the French Vacuum Society and the Institut Jean Lamour-a joint research unit specialized in materials, metallurgy, nano-sciences, plasmas and surfaces-the ITFPC conferences aim at providing an open forum to discuss the progress and latest developments in thin film processing and engineering. Invited lectures aim particularly at providing overviews on scientific topics while contributed communications focus on particular cutting-edge aspects of thin film science and technology, including CVD, PVD and ion beam assisted processes. The 2009 conference was organized along the 6 main following topics: Thin films processing and surface engineering Numerical simulation and thin film characterization Protective applications of thin films Energy, environment and health applications of thin films Micro- and nano-patterning of thin films New properties and applications resulting from patterned thin films which were completed by a special half day session devoted to industry-supported innovation. 180 scientists from 20 worldwide countries attended the different sessions along with the 9 invited lectures and 130 contributions were given. Besides the outstanding scientific program, a half-day tutorial session preceded the conference. During the short courses, emphasis was laid on: Lithography for thin film patterning Mechanical properties of thin films Principles and applications of reactive sputtering processes. The French Vacuum Society granted financial aid to PhD students who applied for it in order to encourage the participation of young scientists. The 19 papers published in this volume were accepted for publication after peerreviewal as for regular papers. As chairmen of this conference

Films by and/or about Women, 1972: Directory of Filmmakers, Films, and Distributors; Internationally; Past and Present.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Faxon, Pookie, Comp.; Bolint, Mary, Comp.

This directory lists a variety of films about women. Reflective of the content, the directory is divided into categories: animated; anthropology, ethnology, sociology, and science; birth and control of birth; careers and job discrimination; children and child care; documentaries; experimental, avant-garde, and classics; male-female relations and…

Scanning Probe Microscopy on heterogeneous CaCu3Ti4O12 thin films

PubMed Central

2011-01-01

The conductive atomic force microscopy provided a local characterization of the dielectric heterogeneities in CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) thin films deposited by MOCVD on IrO2 bottom electrode. In particular, both techniques have been employed to clarify the role of the inter- and sub-granular features in terms of conductive and insulating regions. The microstructure and the dielectric properties of CCTO thin films have been studied and the evidence of internal barriers in CCTO thin films has been provided. The role of internal barriers and the possible explanation for the extrinsic origin of the giant dielectric response in CCTO has been evaluated. PMID:21711646

Scanning Probe Microscopy on heterogeneous CaCu3Ti4O12 thin films

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fiorenza, Patrick; Lo Nigro, Raffaella; Raineri, Vito

2011-12-01

The conductive atomic force microscopy provided a local characterization of the dielectric heterogeneities in CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) thin films deposited by MOCVD on IrO2 bottom electrode. In particular, both techniques have been employed to clarify the role of the inter- and sub-granular features in terms of conductive and insulating regions. The microstructure and the dielectric properties of CCTO thin films have been studied and the evidence of internal barriers in CCTO thin films has been provided. The role of internal barriers and the possible explanation for the extrinsic origin of the giant dielectric response in CCTO has been evaluated.

Scanning Probe Microscopy on heterogeneous CaCu3Ti4O12 thin films.

PubMed

Fiorenza, Patrick; Lo Nigro, Raffaella; Raineri, Vito

2011-02-04

The conductive atomic force microscopy provided a local characterization of the dielectric heterogeneities in CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) thin films deposited by MOCVD on IrO2 bottom electrode. In particular, both techniques have been employed to clarify the role of the inter- and sub-granular features in terms of conductive and insulating regions. The microstructure and the dielectric properties of CCTO thin films have been studied and the evidence of internal barriers in CCTO thin films has been provided. The role of internal barriers and the possible explanation for the extrinsic origin of the giant dielectric response in CCTO has been evaluated.

Validation of Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS) in a population of people using Secondary Care Mental Health Services.

PubMed

Bass, Malcolm; Dawkin, Mathew; Muncer, Steven; Vigurs, Scott; Bostock, Janet

2016-08-01

The Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS) is a relatively new measure and to date has been validated in a number of populations, including student, general and adolescent samples across the UK. There is increasing interest in measuring the mental well-being of users of secondary care mental health services and therefore it is apt to validate WEMWBS for this population. To investigate the validity of WEMWBS in a secondary care mental health service user population. Data was collected from two NHS Trusts and one charity. Analyses are based on 1180 completed WEMWBS. WEMWBS scores for this population are significantly lower than those in a general population (Mean 34.9, SD 13.8). Overall the data analyses supported the use of WEMWBS in this population sample. The Rasch analysis found that the majority of the items can be seen as measuring one dimension. The confirmatory factor analysis supports a one factor solution and thus, measures a single underlying concept. The findings from this study show WEMWBS to be a valid and reliable measure for this population sample.

Effects of crystallization interfaces on irradiated ferroelectric thin films

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brewer, S. J.; Williams, S. C.; Cress, C. D.; Bassiri-Gharb, N.

2017-11-01

This work investigates the role of crystallization interfaces and chemical heterogeneity in the radiation tolerance of chemical solution-deposited lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin films. Two sets of PZT thin films were fabricated with crystallization performed at (i) every deposited layer or (ii) every three layers. The films were exposed to a range of 60Co gamma radiation doses, between 0.2 and 20 Mrad, and their functional response was compared before and after irradiation. The observed trends indicate enhancements of dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric responses at low radiation doses and degradation of the same at higher doses. Response enhancements are expected to result from low-dose (≤2 Mrad), ionizing radiation-induced charging of internal interfaces—an effect that results in neutralization of pre-existing internal bias in the samples. At higher radiation doses (>2 Mrad), accumulation and self-ordering of radiation-modified, mobile, oxygen vacancy-related defects contribute to degradation of dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties, exacerbated in the samples with more crystallization layers, potentially due to increased defect accumulation at these internal interfaces. These results suggest that the interaction between radiation and crystallization interfaces is multifaceted—the effects of ionization, domain wall motion, point defect mobility, and microstructure are considered.

Dewetting-Induced Photoluminescent Enhancement of Poly(lauryl methacrylate)/Quantum Dot Thin Films.

PubMed

Geldmeier, Jeffrey; Rile, Lexy; Yoon, Young Jun; Jung, Jaehan; Lin, Zhiqun; Tsukruk, Vladimir V

2017-12-19

A new method for enhancing photoluminescence from quantum dot (QD)/polymer nanocomposite films is proposed. Poly(lauryl methacrylate) (PLMA) thin films containing embedded QDs are intentionally allowed to undergo dewetting on substrates by exposure to a nonsolvent vapor. After controlled dewetting, films exhibited typical dewetting morphologies with increased amounts of scattering that served to outcouple photoluminescence from the film and reduce internal light propagation within the film. Up to a 5-fold enhancement of the film emission was achieved depending on material factors such as the initial film thickness and QD concentration within the film. An increase in initial film thickness was shown to increase the dewetted maximum feature size and its characteristic length until a critical thickness was reached where dewetting became inhibited. A unique light exposure-based photopatterning method is also presented for the creation of high contrast emissive patterns as guided by spatially controlled dewetting.

26 CFR 1.181-1T - Deduction for qualified film and television production costs (temporary).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Deduction for qualified film and television... and Corporations (continued) § 1.181-1T Deduction for qualified film and television production costs... film or television production (as defined in § 1.181-3T(b)) that the owner reasonably expects will be...

Towards developing an efficient sensitive element for trinitrotoluene detection: TiO2 thin films functionalized with molecularly imprinted copolymer films

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lazau, Carmen; Iordache, Tanta-Verona; Florea, Ana-Mihaela; Orha, Corina; Bandas, Cornelia; Radu, Anita-Laura; Sarbu, Andrei; Rotariu, Traian

2016-10-01

In this study, TiO2 films were successfully grown in-situ onto a FTO substrate by a hydrothermal method, using TiCl4 as Ti precursor, and further on functionalized with a 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene-molecularly imprinted polymer (TNT-MIP) film as a preliminary step in developing a trinitrotoluene (TNT) reusable sensor to overcome the international security issues. For investigating the TiO2 film thickness, crystalline structure and morphology, the films were autoclaved at 200 °C at different times. The X-ray diffraction showed that TiO2 films possessed a rutile structure, with no cracks visible by atomic force microscopy (AFM), and the films morphology observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was highly dependent upon the hydrothermal treatment time. Yet, the TiO2 films with a more porous surface were more suitable for TNT-MIP film deposit. Rheology of precursor polymer film solutions, based on poly (acrylonitrile-co-acrylic acid), poly (acrylonitrile-co-methacrylic acid) or poly (acrylonitrile- co-itaconic acid), and the structure and adherence of TNT-MIP films were investigated in order to establish the correct recipe of the MIP. The removal yield of TNT from the imprinted films, the thickness, the porosity and the compatibility with the inorganic TiO2 film were adequate for the poly (acrylonitrile-co-acrylic acid) system with an acrylonitrile: acrylic acid practical ratio of 86.1:13.9 (wt./wt.). Farmore, AFM morphology corroborated with SEM results highlighted the effect of TNT imprinting in the copolymer matrix as the surface of the imprinted layer was quite different from that of the non-imprinted layer.

Introduction to the special issue on the joint meeting of the 19th IEEE International Symposium on the Applications of Ferroelectrics and the 10th European Conference on the Applications of Polar Dielectrics.

PubMed

Tsurumi, Takaaki

2011-09-01

The joint meeting of the 19th IEEE International Symposium on the Applications of Ferroelectrics and the 10th European Conference on the Applications of Polar Dielectrics took place in Edinburgh from August 9-12, 2010. The conference was attended by 390 delegates from more than 40 different countries. There were 4 plenary speakers, 56 invited speakers, and a further 222 contributed oral presentations in 7 parallel session. In addition there were 215 poster presentations. Key topics addressed at the conference included piezoelectric materials, leadfree piezoelectrics, and multiferroics.

New developments in the Paris-Edinburgh cell program at HPCAT

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Park, C.; Kenney-Benson, C.; Kono, Y.; Shen, G.; Yu, T.; Sakamaki, T.; Jing, Z.; Wang, Y.; Abd El Qader, M.; Baker, J.; Kumar, R.; Velisavljevic, N.

2011-12-01

The Paris-Edinburgh cell at HPCAT 16BM-B station is capable of maintaining sample pressure and temperature up to 7GPa and 2,300K for long durations more than 24 hrs for various types of materials in the molten state. Materials including rock forming minerals, metal alloys, semiconductors, and energetic organic compounds have been studied for their liquid structures and phase transition behaviors under these conditions. The sample volume ranges from 0.03 mm3 to 1.2 mm3 by adjusting the cylindrical sample diameter depending on x-ray attenuation, while the sample height available for x-ray scattering is limited to 0.4 mm due to the gap between the two co-axial WC anvils. The sample cell assembly has been optimized for x-ray transparency, chemical inertness, and thermal insulation using boron-epoxy composite gasket, hexagonal boron nitride or graphite crucible, and low density magnesia supporting the cylindrical graphite heater. For consistent measurements of liquid/amorphous and crystalline structures during melting and phase transitions, the energy-dispersive x-ray diffraction (EDXD) with multiple 2θ angles is applied, fully exploiting the bending magnet white beam spectrum provided by the Advanced Photon Source up to 120 keV energy. Fine collimation slits are applied for the diffracted beam to control the depth resolution at various diffraction angles and to minimize background scattering from the pressure media. A real-time radiography imaging system is also statically installed at the beamline for sample alignment and 2D projection volumetry applications. This combined setup is established as the routine PEC application at the station. Recently, a few new capabilities have been added: Ultrasonic velocity measurement for liquid samples having a disc shape (0.2-0.4 mm in thickness) has been successfully commissioned with the help of the radiography imaging system, which calibrates the acoustic travel distances through the sample cell assembly within 5 �

"People in Stockholm Are Smarter than Countryside Folks"--Reproducing Urban and Rural Imaginaries in Film and Life

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Eriksson, Madeleine

2010-01-01

This article explores the celebrated film "The Hunters" (Swedish title: "Jagarna") within the context of the discourse of "Internal Orientalism." By juxtaposing a contemporary Swedish film with historical accounts and contemporary news media, I demonstrate how the film reworks and (re)produces representations of the…

Film Delivery Module For Fiber Placement Fabrication of Hybridized Composite Structures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hulcher, Anthony Bruce; Young, Greg

2005-01-01

A new fabrication technology has been developed at the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center that will allow for the fabrication of hybridized composite structures using fiber placement processing. This technology was originally developed in response to a need to address the issue of hydrogen permeation and microcracking in cryogenic propellant tanks. Numerous thin polymeric and metallized films were investigated under low temperatures conditions for use as barrier films in a composite tank. Manufacturing studies conducted at that time did not address the processing issues related to fabrication of a hybridized tank wall. A film processing head was developed that will allow for the processing of thin polymeric and metallized films, metallic foils, and adhesives using fiber placement processing machinery. The film head is designed to enable the simultaneous processing of film materials and composite tape/tow during the composite part layup process and is also capable of processing the film during an independent operation. Several initial demonstrations were conducted to assess the performance of the film module device. Such assessments included film strip lay-up accuracy, capability to fabricate panels having internal film liners, and fabrication of laminates with embedded film layers.

Subconstructs of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale in a multi-ethnic inner-city population in the U.S.

PubMed

Chiu, Yueh-Hsiu Mathilda; Sheffield, Perry E; Hsu, Hsiao-Hsien Leon; Goldstein, Jonathan; Curtin, Paul C; Wright, Rosalind J

2017-12-01

The ten-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) is one of the most widely used self-report measures of postpartum depression. Although originally described as a one-dimensional measure, the recognition that depressive symptoms may be differentially experienced across cultural and racial/ethnic groups has led to studies examining structural equivalence of the EPDS in different populations. Variation of the factor structure remains understudied across racial/ethnic groups of US women. We examined the factor structure of the EPDS assessed 6 months postpartum in 515 women (29% black, 53% Hispanic, 18% white) enrolled in an urban Boston longitudinal birth cohort. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) identified that a three-factor model, including depression, anxiety, and anhedonia subscales, was the most optimal fit in our sample as a whole and across race/ethnicity. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to examine the fit of both the two- and three-factor models reported in prior research. CFA confirmed the best fit for a three-factor model, with minimal differences across race/ethnicity. "Things get on top of me" loaded on the anxiety factor among Hispanics, but loaded on the depression factor in whites and African Americans. These findings suggest that EPDS factor structure may need to be adjusted for diverse samples and warrants further study.

The platypus in Edinburgh: Robert Jameson, Robert Knox and the place of the Ornithorhynchus in nature, 1821-24.

PubMed

Jenkins, Bill

2016-10-01

The duck-billed platypus, or Ornithorhynchus, was the subject of an intense debate among natural historians in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Its paradoxical mixture of mammalian, avian and reptilian characteristics made it something of a taxonomic conundrum. In the early 1820s Robert Jameson (1774-1854), the professor of natural history at the University of Edinburgh and the curator of the University's natural history museum, was able to acquire three valuable specimens of this species. He passed one of these on to the anatomist Robert Knox (1791-1862), who dissected the animal and presented his results in a series of papers to the Wernerian Natural History Society, which later published them in its Memoirs. This paper takes Jameson's platypus as a case study on how natural history specimens were used to create and contest knowledge of the natural world in the early nineteenth century, at a time when interpretations of the relationships between animal taxa were in a state of flux. It shows how Jameson used his possession of this interesting specimen to provide a valuable opportunity for his protégé Knox while also helping to consolidate his own position as a key figure in early nineteenth-century natural history.

A more rational, theory-driven approach to analysing the factor structure of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale.

PubMed

Kozinszky, Zoltan; Töreki, Annamária; Hompoth, Emőke A; Dudas, Robert B; Németh, Gábor

2017-04-01

We endeavoured to analyze the factor structure of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) during a screening programme in Hungary, using exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), testing both previously published models and newly developed theory-driven ones, after a critical analysis of the literature. Between April 2011 and January 2015, a sample of 2967 pregnant women (between 12th and 30th weeks of gestation) and 714 women 6 weeks after delivery completed the Hungarian version of the EPDS in South-East Hungary. EFAs suggested unidimensionality in both samples. 33 out of 42 previously published models showed good and 6 acceptable fit with our antepartum data in CFAs, whilst 10 of them showed good and 28 acceptable fit in our postpartum sample. Using multiple fit indices, our theory-driven anhedonia (items 1,2) - anxiety (items 4,5) - low mood (items 8,9) model provided the best fit in the antepartum sample. In the postpartum sample, our theory-driven models were again among the best performing models, including an anhedonia and an anxiety factor together with either a low mood or a suicidal risk factor (items 3,6,10). The EPDS showed moderate within- and between-culture invariability, although this would also need to be re-examined with a theory-driven approach. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Sputtered deposited nanocrystalline ZnO films: A correlation between electrical, optical and microstructural properties

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lee, J.; Gao, W.; Li, Z.; Hodgson, M.; Metson, J.; Gong, H.; Pal, U.

2005-05-01

Zinc oxide thin films were prepared by dc (direct current) and rf (radio frequency) magnetron sputtering on glass substrates. ZnO films produced by dc sputtering have a high resistance, while the films produced using rf sputtering are significantly more conductive. While the conductive films have a compact nodular surface morphology, the resistive films have a relatively porous surface with columnar structures in cross section. Compared to the dc sputtered films, rf sputtered films have a microstructure with smaller d spacing, lower internal stress, higher band gap energy and higher density. Dependence of conductivity on the deposition technique and the resulting d spacing , stress, density, band gap, film thickness and Al doping are discussed. Correlations between the electrical conductivity, microstructural parameters and optical properties of the films have been made.

Norm Abram of 'This Old House' visits KSC to film for show

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2000-01-01

A film crew gather around Steve Thomas (kneeling) as they shoot inside a mockup of the U.S. Lab, located in the International Space Station Center, a tour facility. Thomas and Norm Abram, host and master carpenter, respectively, of television's This Old House, are at KSC to film an episode of the series.

Piezoelectric thin films and their applications for electronics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yoshino, Yukio

2009-03-01

ZnO and AlN piezoelectric thin films have been studied for applications in bulk acoustic wave (BAW) resonator. This article introduces methods of forming ZnO and AlN piezoelectric thin films by radio frequency sputtering and applications of BAW resonators considering the relationship between the crystallinity of piezoelectric thin films and the characteristics of the BAW resonators. Using ZnO thin films, BAW resonators were fabricated for a contour mode at 3.58 MHz and thickness modes from 200 MHz to 5 GHz. The ZnO thin films were combined with various materials, substrates, and thin films to minimize the temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF). The minimum TCF of BAW resonators was approximately 2 ppm/°C in the range -20 to 80 °C. The electromechanical coupling coefficient (k2) in a 1.9 GHz BAW resonator was 6.9%. Using AlN thin films, 5-20 GHz BAW resonators with an ultrathin membrane were realized. The membrane thickness of a 20 GHz BAW resonator was about 200 nm, k2 was 6.1%, and the quality factor (Q) was about 280. Q decreased with increasing resonant frequency. The value of k2 is almost the same for 5-20 GHz resonators. This result could be obtained by improving the thickness uniformity, by controlling internal stress of thin films, and by controlling the crystallinity of AlN piezoelectric thin film.

Preparation of nonconducting infrared-absorbing thin films

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gradhand, Martin; Breitenstein, Otwin

2005-05-01

A simple procedure for preparing colloidal "black" bismuth films is introduced, which leaves the target cold and does not pollute the recipient. The Bi evaporation occurs in a closed box in the evaporation chamber with an internal radiation shield. The bismuth is evaporated from a tantalum boat at a residual air pressure of 2×102Pa. The resulting films with a thickness of about 10μm are structureless down to a spatial resolution of 5.6μm, they become electrically insulating after 48h storage time in air, and they show an IR absorbance of above 70% in the 3-5μm wavelength range. The films are easily removable in an ultrasonic water bath. Thus, these films are ideally appropriate to increase the IR emissivity of microelectronic structures in microthermal infrared failure analysis investigations such as lock-in thermography, as is demonstrated in an application example. The application of this film may improve the thermographic detection limit of heat sources below metallized areas by up to a factor of 10, leading to a saving in acquisition time by a factor of 100.

Synthesizing skyrmion bound pairs in Fe-Gd thin films

DOE PAGES

Lee, J. C. T.; Chess, J. J.; Montoya, S. A.; ...

2016-07-11

Here, we show that properly engineered amorphous Fe-Gd alloy thin films with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy exhibit bound pairs of like-polarity, opposite helicity skyrmions at room temperature. Magnetic mirror symmetry planes present in the stripe phase, instead of chiral exchange, determine the internal skyrmion structure and the net achirality of the skyrmion phase. Our study shows that stripe domain engineering in amorphous alloy thin films may enable the creation of skyrmion phases with technologically desirable properties.

77 FR 62259 - Certain Polyimide Films, Products Containing Same, and Related Methods Commission Determination...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-12

... INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION [Investigation No. 337-TA-772] Certain Polyimide Films, Products... polyimide films, products containing same, and related methods by reason of infringement of one or more of... prong of the domestic industry requirement. Id. With respect to the `961 patent, the Commission...

Tin-Doped Inorganic Amorphous Films for Use as Transparent Monolithic Phosphors.

PubMed

Masai, Hirokazu; Miyata, Hiroki; Yamada, Yasuhiro; Okumura, Shun; Yanagida, Takayuki; Kanemitsu, Yoshihiko

2015-06-10

Although inorganic crystalline phosphors can exhibit high quantum efficiency, their use in phosphor films has been limited by a reliance on organic binders that have poor durability when exposed to high-power and/or high excitation energy light sources. To address this problem, Sn(2+)-doped transparent phosphate films measuring several micrometers in thickness have been successfully prepared through heat treatment and a subsequent single dip-coating process. The resulting monolithic inorganic amorphous film exhibited an internal quantum efficiency of over 60% and can potentially utilize transmitted light. Analysis of the film's emissivity revealed that its color can be tuned by changing the amount of Mn and Sn added to influence the energy transfer from Sn(2+) to Mn(2+). It is therefore concluded that amorphous films containing such emission centers can provide a novel and viable alternative to conventional amorphous films containing crystalline phosphors in light-emitting devices.

The influence of oxidation time on the properties of oxidized zinc films

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rambu, A. P.

2012-09-01

The effect of oxidation time on the structural characteristics and electronic transport mechanism of zinc oxide thin films prepared by thermal oxidation, have been investigated. Zinc metallic films were deposited by thermal evaporation under vacuum, the subsequent oxidation of Zn films being carried out in open atmosphere. XRD and AFM analysis indicate that obtained films posses a polycrystalline structure, the crystallites having a preferential orientation. Structural analysis reveals that microstructure of the films (crystallite size, surface roughness, internal stress) is depending on the oxidation time of metallic films. The electrical behavior of ZnO films was investigated, during a heat treatment (two heating/cooling cycles). It was observed that after the first heating, the temperature dependences of electrical conductivity become reversible. Mott variable range hopping model was proposed to analyze the temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity, in low temperature ranges. Values of some characteristic parameters were calculated.

76 FR 39855 - Polyethylene Terephthalate Film, Sheet and Strip From India: Rescission, in Part, of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-07

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [C-533-825] Polyethylene Terephthalate Film, Sheet and Strip From India: Rescission, in Part, of Countervailing Duty Administrative Review... order on polyethylene terephthalate film, sheet and strip from India covering the period January 1, 2009...

Structure and Internal Stress of Tin-Doped Indium Oxide and Indium-Zinc Oxide Films Deposited by DC Magnetron Sputtering

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nishimura, Eriko; Sasabayashi, Tomoko; Ito, Norihiro; Sato, Yasushi; Utsumi, Kentaro; Yano, Koki; Kaijo, Akira; Inoue, Kazuyoshi; Shigesato, Yuzo

2007-12-01

Representative transparent conductive oxide films, such as tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) and indium-zinc oxide (IZO) films, were deposited by dc magnetron sputtering using corresponding oxide targets under various total gas pressures (Ptot) ranging from 0.3 to 3.0 Pa. The ITO films deposited at a Ptot lower than 0.7 Pa were polycrystalline and were found to have a large compressive stress of about 1.5 × 109 Pa, whereas the ITO films deposited at 1.5-3.0 Pa were amorphous and had a low tensile stress. In contrast, all the IZO films deposited at a Ptot range of 0.3-3.0 Pa showed an entirely amorphous structure, where the compressive stress in the IZO films deposited at a Ptot lower than 1.5 Pa was lower than that in the ITO films. Such compressive stress was considered to be generated by the atomic peening effect of high-energy neutrals (Ar0) recoiled from the target or high-energy negative ions (O-) accelerated in the cathode sheath toward the film surface.

Nanoporous gold film based SPR sensors for trace chemical detection

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Li; Gong, Xiaoqing; Wan, Xiumei; Lu, Dan-feng; Qi, Zhi-mei

2017-02-01

Thin films of nanoporous gold (NPG) have both localized and propagating surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effects. The propagating SPR effect of NPG film combined with its huge internal surface area makes it applicable as an evanescent wave sensor with high sensitivity. In this work, NPG films with controlled thicknesses were fabricated on glass substrates by sputtering deposition of AuAg films followed by dealloying in nitric acid. By using of the NPG films as the sensing layer, a broadband wavelength-interrogated SPR sensor was prepared for chemical and biological detection. The propagating SPR absorption band in the visible-near infrared region was clearly observed upon exposure of the NPG film to air, and this band was detected to move to longer wavelengths in response to adsorption of molecules within the NPG film. Simulations based on Fresnel equations combined with Bruggeman approximation were carried out for optimizing the propagating SPR property of NPG film. The sensor's performance was investigated using both bisphenol A (BPA) and lead (II) ions as analytes. According to the experimental results, the detection limits of the sensor are 5 nmol·L-1 for BPA and 1 nmol·L-1 for lead (II) ions. The work demonstrated the outstanding applicability of the NPG film based SPR sensor for sensitive environmental monitoring.

Cognitive-behavioral longitudinal assessment in ALS: the Italian Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioral ALS screen (ECAS).

PubMed

Poletti, Barbara; Solca, Federica; Carelli, Laura; Faini, Andrea; Madotto, Fabiana; Lafronza, Annalisa; Monti, Alessia; Zago, Stefano; Ciammola, Andrea; Ratti, Antonia; Ticozzi, Nicola; Abrahams, Sharon; Silani, Vincenzo

2018-08-01

The study presents data on the longitudinal administration of the Italian Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioral ALS Screen (ECAS). We investigated cognitive-behavioral performance in a group of ALS patients over time and the feasibility of repeating the ECAS longitudinally compared with standard neuropsychological tests. Finally, correlations between clinical/genetic and cognitive/behavioral data were considered. One hundred and sixty-eight ALS patients were tested at baseline (T 0 ). Among these, 48 patients performed the ECAS after 6 months (T 1 ), 18 patients performed it at T 2 (12 months), and five patients were assessed after 24 months (T 3 ). Participants were also administered two cognitive test (FAB; MoCA) and psychological questionnaires (BDI; STAI/Y). The FBI was carried out with caregivers. No cognitive deterioration was found across follow-ups. In contrast, although scores did not change between T 0 and T 1 , scores improved significantly for ECAS Total/ALS Non-specific and Memory domains when the ECAS was repeated on three occasions (T 0 , T 1 , T 2 ). Apathy/Inertia was the most common behavioral symptom, but no worsening of behavioral scores was detected over time. After 12-24 months, patients were still able to perform the ECAS in total, in contrast to FAB and MoCA, which were only partially administrable. The significant improvement of some ECAS scores over time supports the presence of possible practice effects, particularly in the memory domain, highlighting the need to accommodate for these in longitudinal assessments, through healthy controls groups or alternate versions. This work represents the first Italian ECAS follow-up study and confirms ECAS feasibility in patients with increasing physical disability.

Factor structure and psychometric properties of english and spanish versions of the edinburgh postnatal depression scale among Hispanic women in a primary care setting.

PubMed

Hartley, Chelsey M; Barroso, Nicole; Rey, Yasmin; Pettit, Jeremy W; Bagner, Daniel M

2014-12-01

Although a number of studies have examined the factor structure of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) in predominately White or African American samples, no published research has reported on the factor structure among Hispanic women who reside in the United States. The current study examined the factor structure of the EPDS among Hispanic mothers in the United States. Among 220 Hispanic women, drawn from a pediatric primary care setting, with an infant aged 0 to 10 months, 6 structural models guided by the empirical literature were evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis. Results supported a 2-factor model of depression and anxiety as the best fitting model. Multigroup models supported the factorial invariance across women who completed the EDPS in English and Spanish. These findings provide initial support for the 2-factor structure of the EPDS among Hispanic women in the United States. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Factor Structure and Psychometric Properties of English and Spanish Versions of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale Among Hispanic Women in a Primary Care Setting

PubMed Central

Hartley, Chelsey M.; Barroso, Nicole; Rey, Yasmin; Pettit, Jeremy W.; Bagner, Daniel M.

2015-01-01

Background Although a number of studies have examined the factor structure of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) in predominately White or African American samples, no published research has reported on the factor structure among Hispanic women who reside in the United States. Objective The current study examined the factor structure of the EPDS among Hispanic mothers in the United States. Method Among 220 Hispanic women, drawn from a pediatric primary care setting, with an infant aged 0 to 10 months, 6 structural models guided by the empirical literature were evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis. Results Results supported a 2-factor model of depression and anxiety as the best fitting model. Multigroup models supported the factorial invariance across women who completed the EDPS in English and Spanish. Conclusion These findings provide initial support for the 2-factor structure of the EPDS among Hispanic women in the United States. PMID:24807217

Black Films and Film-Makers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Patterson, Lindsay, Ed.

The development of black films and the attitudes of the film industry toward black films and black actors are some of the topics examined in this anthology of essays. Section 1, "Nigger to Supernigger," contains such articles as "The Death of Rastus: Negroes in American Films" by Thomas R. Cripps and "Folk Values in a New Medium" by Alain Locke…

77 FR 47092 - Certain Polyimide Films, Products Containing Same, and Related Methods; Notice of Commission...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-07

... INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION [Investigation No. 337-TA-772] Certain Polyimide Films, Products Containing Same, and Related Methods; Notice of Commission Determination to Partially Review and Partially... polyimide films, products containing same, and related methods by reason of infringement of one or more of...

Effect of the External Lubrication Method for a Rotary Tablet Press on the Adhesion of the Film Coating Layer.

PubMed

Kondo, Hisami; Toyota, Hiroyasu; Kamiya, Takayuki; Yamashita, Kazunari; Hakomori, Tadashi; Imoto, Junko; Kimura, Shin-Ichiro; Iwao, Yasunori; Itai, Shigeru

2017-01-01

External lubrication is a useful method which reduces the adhesion of powder to punches and dies by spraying lubricants during the tableting process. However, no information is available on whether the tablets prepared using an external lubrication system can be applicable for a film coating process. In this study, we evaluated the adhesion force of the film coating layer to the surface of tablets prepared using an external lubrication method, compared with those prepared using internal lubrication method. We also evaluated wettability, roughness and lubricant distribution state on the tablet surface before film coating, and investigated the relationship between peeling of the film coating layer and these tablet surface properties. Increasing lubrication through the external lubrication method decreased wettability of the tablet surface. However, no change was observed in the adhesion force of the film coating layer. On the other hand, increasing lubrication through the internal lubrication method, decreased both wettability of the tablet surface and the adhesion force of the film coating layer. The magnesium stearate distribution state on the tablet surface was assessed using an X-ray fluorescent analyzer and lubricant agglomerates were observed in the case of the internal lubrication method. However, the lubricant was uniformly dispersed in the external lubrication samples. These results indicate that the distribution state of the lubricant affects the adhesion force of the film coating layer, and external lubrication maintained sufficient lubricity and adhesion force of the film coating layer with a small amount of lubricant.

Subscales measuring symptoms of non-specific depression, anhedonia, and anxiety in the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale.

PubMed

Tuohy, Alan; McVey, Cynthia

2008-06-01

There has been considerable research and clinical interest in the comorbidity of anxiety and depression in the post-partum period, and specifically in the possibility that the commonly used Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) incorporates an anxiety component. We hypothesized that the recommended version of factor analysis (Fabrigar, Wegener, MacCallum, & Strahan, 1999) would identify such covert dimensions more reliably than the commonly used principal components analysis with varimax rotation and eigenvalues greater than 1. Principal axis factor extraction with parallel analysis and oblique (direct quartimin) factor rotation was applied to the 10 EPDS items. The study used a sample of recent mothers recruited and assessed via e-mail and the Internet (N=440). In addition to the EPDS, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Positive and Negative Affect Scales (PANAS) were also administered. Three factors were found, which were identified as 'non-specific depressive symptoms', 'anhedonia', and 'anxietal symptoms' subscales, respectively. These subscales were regressed on the HADS anxiety and depression and the PANAS positive and negative affectivity scales, with results substantially consistent with current structural models of the taxonomy of the emotional disorders. The data were obtained from a self-selected non-clinical sample. In addition, it is known that the use of computer-based assessment may tend to inflate self-report scores. It was concluded that there is now sufficient evidence that clinicians should not assume the EPDS to be unidimensional, but should assess all three subscales when screening for susceptibility to post-partum depression and/or post-partum anxiety.

Impact of a pharmacist on the educational value of pharmaceutical industry film showings.

PubMed

Bayliff, C D; Edington, R D; Johnston, L J; Shaw, P W; Bailey, D G

1991-12-01

A controlled trial was performed to assess the impact of drug information provided by a pharmacist on the educational value to physicians of pharmaceutical manufacturers' film showings. The trial consisted of two teams of physicians who attended pharmaceutical manufacturers' films and who afterward answered multiple choice questions on the drug being promoted. In one group, the liaison pharmacist, who had no knowledge of the content of the questionnaire, presented information on the drug being featured prior to the film showing while the control group did not have a pharmacist presentation. Out of a perfect score of five, there was a higher test score in the group of physicians who attended the pharmacist presentation/film showing (n = 75) than in the group which only attended the film (n = 65) (3.3 +/- 1.1 versus 2.8 +/- 1.2, respectively (p = 0.017)). While there was no difference in the scores obtained by the clerks, interns and residents (3.2 +/- 1.1, 3.3 +/- 0.9, 3.4 +/- 1.2 respectively) when a pharmacist was present, in his or her absence the scores for clerks, interns and residents were 2.5 +/- 1.3, 2.8 +/- 1.0, 3.6 +/- 1.2 respectively with residents scoring higher than clerks (p = 0.047). A pharmacist can enhance the educational value of a pharmaceutical manufacturer's film showing.

The platypus in Edinburgh: Robert Jameson, Robert Knox and the place of the Ornithorhynchus in nature, 1821–24

PubMed Central

Jenkins, Bill

2016-01-01

SUMMARY The duck-billed platypus, or Ornithorhynchus, was the subject of an intense debate among natural historians in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Its paradoxical mixture of mammalian, avian and reptilian characteristics made it something of a taxonomic conundrum. In the early 1820s Robert Jameson (1774–1854), the professor of natural history at the University of Edinburgh and the curator of the University's natural history museum, was able to acquire three valuable specimens of this species. He passed one of these on to the anatomist Robert Knox (1791–1862), who dissected the animal and presented his results in a series of papers to the Wernerian Natural History Society, which later published them in its Memoirs. This paper takes Jameson's platypus as a case study on how natural history specimens were used to create and contest knowledge of the natural world in the early nineteenth century, at a time when interpretations of the relationships between animal taxa were in a state of flux. It shows how Jameson used his possession of this interesting specimen to provide a valuable opportunity for his protégé Knox while also helping to consolidate his own position as a key figure in early nineteenth-century natural history. PMID:27671001

Space and surface charge behavior analysis of charge-eliminated polymer films

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Oda, Tetsuji; Takashima, Kazunori; Ichiyama, Shinichiro

1995-12-31

Charge behavior of corona-charged or charge eliminated polymer films being dipped in the city water were studied. They were polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE teflon{trademark}), polypropylene (PP), low density or high density polyethylene (LDPE or HDPE) thin films which are as grown (native) or plasma-processed. The plasma processing at low pressure was tested as antistatic processing. Charge elimination was done by being dipped in alcohol or city water. TSDC analysis and surface charge profile measurement were done for both charged and charge eliminated polymer films. Surface charge density of plasma processed polymer films just after corona charging is roughly the same as thatmore » of an original film. There is little difference between surface charge density profile of a native film and that of a plasma processed film. A large hetero current peak of TSDC was observed at room temperature for a processed film. It was found that the hetero peak disappears after charge elimination process. A pressure pulse wave method by using a pulse-driven piezoelectric PVDF polymer film as a piezoelectric actuator was newly developed to observe real space charge distribution. A little difference of internal space charge distribution between the plasma processed film and the native one after corona charging is found.« less

Parasitic oscillation suppression in solid state lasers using absorbing thin films

DOEpatents

Zapata, Luis E.

1994-01-01

A thin absorbing film is bonded onto at least certain surfaces of a solid state laser gain medium. An absorbing metal-dielectric multilayer film is optimized for a broad range of incidence angles, and is resistant to the corrosive/erosive effects of a coolant such as water, used in the forced convection cooling of the film. Parasitic oscillations hamper the operation of solid state lasers by causing the decay of stored energy to amplified rays trapped within the gain medium by total and partial internal reflections off the gain medium facets. Zigzag lasers intended for high average power operation require the ASE absorber.

Novel experimental design for high pressure-high temperature electrical resistance measurements in a "Paris-Edinburgh" large volume press.

PubMed

Matityahu, Shlomi; Emuna, Moran; Yahel, Eyal; Makov, Guy; Greenberg, Yaron

2015-04-01

We present a novel experimental design for high sensitivity measurements of the electrical resistance of samples at high pressures (0-6 GPa) and high temperatures (300-1000 K) in a "Paris-Edinburgh" type large volume press. Uniquely, the electrical measurements are carried out directly on a small sample, thus greatly increasing the sensitivity of the measurement. The sensitivity to even minor changes in electrical resistance can be used to clearly identify phase transitions in material samples. Electrical resistance measurements are relatively simple and rapid to execute and the efficacy of the present experimental design is demonstrated by measuring the electrical resistance of Pb, Sn, and Bi across a wide domain of temperature-pressure phase space and employing it to identify the loci of phase transitions. Based on these results, the phase diagrams of these elements are reconstructed to high accuracy and found to be in excellent agreement with previous studies. In particular, by mapping the locations of several well-studied reference points in the phase diagram of Sn and Bi, it is demonstrated that a standard calibration exists for the temperature and pressure, thus eliminating the need for direct or indirect temperature and pressure measurements. The present technique will allow simple and accurate mapping of phase diagrams under extreme conditions and may be of particular importance in advancing studies of liquid state anomalies.

A qualitative study of the acceptability of routine screening of postnatal women using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale.

PubMed Central

Shakespeare, Judy; Blake, Fiona; Garcia, Jo

2003-01-01

BACKGROUND: Screening for postnatal depression using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) has been widely recommended and implemented in primary care, although little is known about how acceptable it is to women. AIM: To explore the acceptability to women of postnatal screening by health visitors with the EPDS. DESIGN OF STUDY: Qualitative interview study. SETTING: Postnatal patients from 22 general practices within the area of Oxford City Primary Care Group. METHOD: Thirty-nine postnatal women from a purposive sample were interviewed, chosen on the basis of different general practices, EPDS results at eight weeks and eight months postnatal, and whether 'listening visits' were received. The interviews were analysed using the constant comparative method. RESULTS: Just over half of the women interviewed found screening with the EPDS less than acceptable, whatever their postnatal emotional health. The main themes identified were problems with the process of screening and, in particular, the venue, the personal intrusion of screening and stigma. The women interviewed had a clear preference for talking about how they felt, rather than filling out a questionnaire. CONCLUSION: For this sample, routine screening with the EPDS was less than acceptable for the majority of women. This is of concern, as universal screening with the EPDS for the detection of postnatal depression is already recommended and widespread in primary care. PMID:14601337

Patterns of antiepileptic drug overdose differ between men and women: admissions to the Edinburgh Poisons Unit, 2000-2007.

PubMed

Nixon, A C; Doak, M W; Crozier, H; Crooks, D P; Waring, W S

2009-01-01

Antiepileptic drugs are increasingly used in patients with psychiatric disorders who are at increased risk of self-harm. This might increase the likelihood that these agents are used as a means of overdose. This study was designed to examine the rate of occurrence of antiepileptic drug overdose between 2000 and 2007. A retrospective observational study examined patterns of antiepileptic drug overdose in patients admitted to the Edinburgh Poisons Unit, and compared prescription data for the corresponding region. Data were compared using chi-square trend tests. There were 18 010 admissions to the Toxicology Unit, and 613 patients ingested at least one antiepileptic drug (3.4%). The most frequently implicated were carbamazepine, sodium valproate, phenytoin and lamotrigine, which corresponded with those most commonly prescribed. Women were more likely to ingest lamotrigine than men (P < 0.0001), and less likely to ingest sodium valproate (P = 0.0234). Patients that ingested antiepileptic drugs were more likely to be admitted to hospital for >1 day (22% vs. 8%, P < 0.0001) and need transfer to a psychiatric facility (14% vs. 7%, P < 0.0001). Patients that ingested antiepileptic drugs required more intensive medical and psychiatric intervention compared to ingestion of other agents. Significant gender differences were noted in the specific antiepileptic drug ingested. Further work is required to establish whether this discrepancy may be explained by gender-based prescribing practices.

Layering Transitions and Squeeze-Out Patterns in Nanoscale Polymeric Soap Films

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Berg, Steffen; Troian, Sandra M.

2004-11-01

Oscillatory forces in freely suspended or confined nanofilms of micellar solutions, colloidal suspensions, alkanes and semidilute polyelectrolyte films generate stepwise thinning during the final stages of film drainage. The step jump correlates with the basic aggregation unit such as the micellar size or the polymer mesh size. In all studies so far reported, the interface separating films of different thickness is circular or elliptical, as seen in common or Newton black films. Our studies of freely suspended soaps films containing an anionic surfactant and nonionic polymer have revealed that the last stratification event expands with a fractal boundary whose dimension increases with the solution viscosity above a critical value. Unstable front propagation resembles a viscous fingering instability. We propose that internal film layering due to confinement of polymer-surfactant aggregates leads to a smaller viscosity in the thinnest film (≈ 12 nm), which rapidly penetrates into an exterior layer (≈ 62 nm) of higher viscosity. Subsequent coarsening of the fractal interface mimics shapes recently observed in macroscopic systems.

Emotion and Time Perception: Effects of Film-Induced Mood

PubMed Central

Droit-Volet, Sylvie; Fayolle, Sophie L.; Gil, Sandrine

2011-01-01

Previous research into emotion and time perception has been designed to study the time perception of emotional events themselves (e.g., facial expression). Our aim was to investigate the effect of emotions per se on the subsequent time judgment of a neutral, non-affective event. In the present study, the participants were presented with films inducing a specific mood and were subsequently given a temporal bisection task. More precisely, the participants were given two temporal bisection tasks, one before and the other after viewing the emotional film. Three emotional films were tested: one eliciting fear, another sadness, and a neutral control film. In addition, the direct mood experience was assessed using the Brief Mood Introspective Scale that was administered to the participants at the beginning and the end of the session. The results showed that the perception of time did not change after viewing either the neutral control films or the sad films although the participants reported being sadder and less aroused after than before watching the sad film clips. In contrast, the stimulus durations were judged longer after than before viewing the frightening films that were judged to increase the emotion of fear and arousal level. In combination with findings from previous studies, our data suggest that the selective lengthening effect after watching frightening films was mediated by an effect of arousal on the speed of the internal clock system. PMID:21886610

76 FR 18156 - Polyethylene Terephthalate Film, Sheet and Strip From India: Extension of Time Limit for...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-01

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [C-533-825] Polyethylene Terephthalate Film, Sheet and Strip From India: Extension of Time Limit for Preliminary Results of Countervailing... countervailing duty order on polyethylene terephthalate film, sheet and strip from India covering the period...

Interface architecture for superthick carbon-based films toward low internal stress and ultrahigh load-bearing capacity.

PubMed

Wang, Junjun; Pu, Jibin; Zhang, Guangan; Wang, Liping

2013-06-12

Superthick diamond-like carbon (DLC) films [(Six-DLC/Siy-DLC)n/DLC] were deposited on 304 stainless steel substrates by using a plane hollow cathode plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition method. The structure was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Chemical bonding was examined by Raman, Auger electron, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques. Mechanical and tribological properties were evaluated using nanoindentation, scratch, interferometry, and reciprocating-sliding friction testing. The results showed that implantation of a silicon ion into the substrate and the architecture of the tensile stress/compressive stress structure decreased the residual stress to almost 0, resulting in deposition of (Six-DLC/Siy-DLC)n/DLC films with a thickness of more than 50 μm. The hardness of the film ranged from 9 to 23 GPa, and the adhesion strength ranged from 4.6 to 57 N depending on the thickness of the film. Friction coefficients were determined in three tested environments, namely, air, water, and oil. Friction coefficients were typically below 0.24 and as low as 0.02 in a water environment. The as-prepared superthick films also showed an ultrahigh load-bearing capacity, and no failure was detected in the reciprocating wear test with contact pressure higher than 3.2 GPa. Reasons for the ultrahigh load-bearing capacity are proposed in combination with the finite-element method.

Droplet-Wall/Film Impact in IC Engine Applications

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-08-14

Report: Droplet-Wall/Film Impact in IC Engine Applications (ARO Topic 1.4.1 under ARO’s Dr. Ralph A. Anthenien) The views, opinions and/or findings...in IC Engine Applications (ARO Topic 1.4.1 under ARO’s Dr. Ralph A. Anthenien) Report Term: 0-Other Email: cklaw@princeton.edu Distribution Statement...associated with spraying in internal combustion engines (ICEs). Fuels sprayed inside engines can impact with the internal surfaces and thus not only

11th International Conference "Correlation Optics": Propolis films for hybrid biomaterial-inorganic electronics and optoelectronics.

PubMed

Brus, Viktor V; Pidkamin, Leonid J; Ilashchuk, Maria I; Maryanchuk, Pavlo D

2014-04-01

We report on the analysis of optical, polarimetric, and electrical properties of propolis films and hybrid biomaterial-inorganic heterojunctions based on them. It was shown that the material of the propolis films belongs to wide-bandgap optically active substances with the light-scattering centers, which possess complex optical properties. The values of the specific resistance ρ(P)=1.9·10⁷ Ω·cm and dielectric constant ε(P)=19.5 of the propolis film were determined from the spectral distribution of the real and imaginary components of its impedance at room temperature, respectively. The dominating current transport mechanisms through the hybrid bioinorganic heterojunction propolis/p-CdTe were established to be the interface-states-assisted generation-recombination within the depletion region via deep energy levels at forward bias as well as the leakage current through the shunt resistance at reverse bias.

Inside-out: comparing internally generated and externally generated basic emotions.

PubMed

Salas, Christian E; Radovic, Darinka; Turnbull, Oliver H

2012-06-01

A considerable number of mood induction (MI) procedures have been developed to elicit emotion in normal and clinical populations. Although external procedures (e.g., film clips, pictures) are widely used, a number of experiments elicit emotion by using self-generated procedures (e.g., recalling an emotional personal episode). However, no study has directly compared the effectiveness of two types of internal versus external MI across multiple discrete emotions. In the present experiment, 40 undergraduate students watched film clips (external procedure) and recalled personal events (internal procedure) inducing 4 basic emotions (fear, anger, joy, sadness) and later completed a self-report questionnaire. Remarkably, both internal and external procedures elicited target emotions selectively, compared with nontarget emotions. When contrasting the intensity of target emotions, both techniques showed no significant differences, with the exception of Joy, which was more intensely elicited by the internal procedure. Importantly, when considering the overall level of intensity, it was always greater in the internal procedure, for each stimulus. A more detailed investigation of the data suggest that recalling personal events (a type of internal procedure) generates more negative and mixed blends of emotions, which might account for the overall higher intensity of the internal mood induction.

Analysis of Fluorinated Polyimides Flown on the Materials International Space Station Experiment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Finckenor, M. M.; Rodman, L.; Farmer, B.

2015-01-01

This Technical Memorandum documents the results from the Materials on International Space Station Experiment (MISSE) series involving fluorinated polyimide films analyzed at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center. These films may be used in thermal control, sunshield, solar sail, solar concentrator, and other lightweight polymer film applications. Results include postflight structural integrity, visual observations, determination of atomic oxygen erosion yield, and optical property changes as compared to preflight values.

Novel method in solving non-polarizing condition in frustrated total internal reflection layers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shi, Jin Hui; Wang, Zheng Ping

2008-03-01

When used at oblique angles of incidence, the reflectance and transmittance of thin films exhibit strong polarization effects, particularly for the films inside a glass cube. However, the polarization effects are undesirable in many applications. Novel non-polarizing beam splitter designs are shown, non-polarizing beam splitters with unique optical thin films are achieved through combination of interference and frustrated total internal reflection, the non-polarizing condition expressions based on frustrated total internal reflection is derived, and applied examples of the non-polarizing beam splitters are also presented with the optimization technique and the results of Rp=(50+/-0.4)% and Rs=(50+/-0.4)% in the wavelength range of 500-600nm are obtained.

26 CFR 7.48-1 - Election to have investment credit for movie and television films determined in accordance with...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... and television films determined in accordance with previous litigation. 7.48-1 Section 7.48-1 Internal... movie and television films determined in accordance with previous litigation. (a) Generally. Under... to any film placed in service in any taxable year beginning before January 1, 1975, may elect to have...

Surface proton transport of fully protonated poly(aspartic acid) thin films on quartz substrates

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nagao, Yuki; Kubo, Takahiro

2014-12-01

Thin film structure and the proton transport property of fully protonated poly(aspartic acid) (P-Asp100) have been investigated. An earlier study assessed partially protonated poly(aspartic acid), highly oriented thin film structure and enhancement of the internal proton transport. In this study of P-Asp100, IR p-polarized multiple-angle incidence resolution (P-MAIR) spectra were measured to investigate the thin film structure. The obtained thin films, with thicknesses of 120-670 nm, had no oriented structure. Relative humidity dependence of the resistance, proton conductivity, and normalized resistance were examined to ascertain the proton transport property of P-Asp100 thin films. The obtained data showed that the proton transport of P-Asp100 thin films might occur on the surface, not inside of the thin film. This phenomenon might be related with the proton transport of the biological system.

Exciton-phonon coupling in diindenoperylene thin films

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Heinemeyer, U.; Scholz, R.; Gisslén, L.; Alonso, M. I.; Ossó, J. O.; Garriga, M.; Hinderhofer, A.; Kytka, M.; Kowarik, S.; Gerlach, A.; Schreiber, F.

2008-08-01

We investigate exciton-phonon coupling and exciton transfer in diindenoperylene (DIP) thin films on oxidized Si substrates by analyzing the dielectric function determined by variable-angle spectroscopic ellipsometry. Since the molecules in the thin-film phase form crystallites that are randomly oriented azimuthally and highly oriented along the surface normal, DIP films exhibit strongly anisotropic optical properties with uniaxial symmetry. This anisotropy can be determined by multiple sample analysis. The thin-film spectrum is compared with a monomer spectrum in solution, which reveals similar vibronic subbands and a Huang-Rhys parameter of S≈0.87 for an effective internal vibration at ℏωeff=0.17eV . However, employing these parameters the observed dielectric function of the DIP films cannot be described by a pure Frenkel exciton model, and the inclusion of charge-transfer (CT) states becomes mandatory. A model Hamiltonian is parametrized with density-functional theory calculations of single DIP molecules and molecule pairs in the stacking geometry of the thin-film phase, revealing the vibronic coupling constants of DIP in its excited and charged states together with electron and hole transfer integrals along the stack. From a fit of the model calculation to the observed dielectric tensor, we find the lowest CT transition E00CT at 0.26±0.05eV above the neutral molecular excitation energy E00F , which is an important parameter for device applications.

Cycle water chemistry based on film forming amines at power plants: evaluation of technical guidance documents

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dyachenko, F. V.; Petrova, T. I.

2017-11-01

Efficiency and reliability of the equipment in fossil power plants as well as in combined cycle power plants depend on the corrosion processes and deposit formation in steam/water circuit. In order to decrease these processes different water chemistries are used. Today the great attention is being attracted to the application of film forming amines and film forming amine products. The International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS) consolidated the information from all over the World, and based on the research studies and operating experience of researchers and engineers from 21 countries, developed and authorized the Technical Guidance Document: “Application of Film Forming Amines in Fossil, Combined Cycle, and Biomass Power Plants” in 2016. This article describe Russian and International technical guidance documents for the cycle water chemistries based on film forming amines at fossil and combined cycle power plants.

Modeling on the cathodoluminescence properties of the thin film phosphors for field emission flat panel displays

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cho, Kyu-Gong

2000-12-01

In order to investigate the effects of the film roughness with the fundamental luminance parameters of thin film phosphors, Y2 O3:Eu films with different thickness and roughness values were deposited on various substrate materials using a pulsed laser deposition technique under a controlled experimental procedure. The best luminous efficiency was observed from the Y2O3:Eu films on quartz substrates due to the smaller refractive index and low absorption characteristics of the quartz substrates which produce a larger amount of total internal reflection in the film and low loss of light intensity during the multiple internal reflections. The trapped light inside the film can escape the film more easily due to rougher film surface. The better epitaxial growth capability of the Y2O 3:Eu films with the LaAlO3 substrates resulted in higher luminous efficiency in the small surface roughness region. Higher luminous efficiency was observed in reflection mode than in transmission mode due to the contribution of diffusely scattered light at the air-film interface. A new theoretical model based on the diffraction scattering theory of light, the steady-state diffusion condition of carriers and the Kanaya-Okayama's electron- beam-solid interaction range satisfactorily explains all the experimental results mentioned above. The model also provides solid understandings on the cathodoluminescence properties of the thin film phosphors with the effects of other single or multiple luminance parameters. The parameters encountered for the model are surface roughness, electron-beam-solid interaction, surface recombination rate of carriers, charge carrier diffusion properties, multiple scattering at the interfaces (air- film, film-substrate, and substrate-air), optical properties of the material, film thickness, and substrate type. The model supplies a general solution in both qualitative and quantitative ways to estimate the luminance properties of the thin film phosphors and it can be

Off-Setting Differences in Reviewer Stringency.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cason, Carolyn L.; And Others

A total of 1,071 rating sheets were completed by individual reviewers evaluating abstracts submitted to Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society for the International Research Congress in Edinburgh, Scotland. Only 972 sheets contained usable data. Reviewers indicated a total of 12 ratings with possible comments for each abstract on machine…

Real time study of amalgam formation and mercury adsorption on thin gold film by total internal reflection ellipsometry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Paulauskas, A.; Selskis, A.; Bukauskas, V.; Vaicikauskas, V.; Ramanavicius, A.; Balevicius, Z.

2018-01-01

Total internal reflection ellipsometry (TIRE) was utilized in its dynamic data acquisition mode to reveal the percentage of mercury present in an amalgam surface layer. In determining the optical constants of the amalgam film, the non-homogeneities of the formed surface layer were taken into account. The composition of the amalgam layer by percentage was determined using the EMA Bruggemann model for the analysis of the TIRE data. Regression results showed that amalgam layer consisted of mercury 16.00 ± 0.43% and gold 84.00 ± 0.43%. This real time TIRE analysis has shown that for these studies method can detect 0.6 ± 0.4% of mercury on a gold surface, proving that this is a suitable optical technique for obtaining real time readouts. The structural analysis of SEM and AFM have shown that the amalgam layer had a dendritic structure, which formation was determined by the weak adhesion of the gold atoms onto its surface.

76 FR 18155 - Polyethylene Terephthalate Film, Sheet and Strip From India: Extension of Time Limit for...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-01

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [A-533-824] Polyethylene Terephthalate Film, Sheet and Strip From India: Extension of Time Limit for Preliminary Results of Antidumping Duty... polyethylene terephthalate film, sheet and strip from India covering the period July 1, 2009, through June 30...

76 FR 39855 - Polyethylene Terephthalate Film, Sheet and Strip From India: Rescission, in Part, of Antidumping...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-07

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [A-533-824] Polyethylene Terephthalate Film, Sheet and Strip From India: Rescission, in Part, of Antidumping Duty Administrative Review AGENCY... terephthalate film, sheet and strip from India covering the period July 1, 2009, through June 30, 2010. See...

Colloidal CuInSe2 nanocrystals thin films of low surface roughness

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

de Kergommeaux, Antoine; Fiore, Angela; Faure-Vincent, Jérôme; Pron, Adam; Reiss, Peter

2013-03-01

Thin-film processing of colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) is a prerequisite for their use in (opto-)electronic devices. The commonly used spin-coating is highly materials consuming as the overwhelming amount of deposited matter is ejected from the substrate during the spinning process. Also, the well-known dip-coating and drop-casting procedures present disadvantages in terms of the surface roughness and control of the film thickness. We show that the doctor blade technique is an efficient method for preparing nanocrystal films of controlled thickness and low surface roughness. In particular, by optimizing the deposition conditions, smooth and pinhole-free films of 11 nm CuInSe2 NCs have been obtained exhibiting a surface roughness of 13 nm root mean square (rms) for a 350 nm thick film, and less than 4 nm rms for a 75 nm thick film. Invited talk at the 6th International Workshop on Advanced Materials Science and Nanotechnology, 30 October-2 November 2012, Ha Long, Vietnam.

Parasitic oscillation suppression in solid state lasers using absorbing thin films

DOEpatents

Zapata, L.E.

1994-08-02

A thin absorbing film is bonded onto at least certain surfaces of a solid state laser gain medium. An absorbing metal-dielectric multilayer film is optimized for a broad range of incidence angles, and is resistant to the corrosive/erosive effects of a coolant such as water, used in the forced convection cooling of the film. Parasitic oscillations hamper the operation of solid state lasers by causing the decay of stored energy to amplified rays trapped within the gain medium by total and partial internal reflections off the gain medium facets. Zigzag lasers intended for high average power operation require the ASE absorber. 16 figs.

Multiple Interfacial Fe3O4@BaTiO3/P(VDF-HFP) Core-Shell-Matrix Films with Internal Barrier Layer Capacitor (IBLC) Effects and High Energy Storage Density.

PubMed

Zhou, Ling; Fu, Qiuyun; Xue, Fei; Tang, Xiahui; Zhou, Dongxiang; Tian, Yahui; Wang, Geng; Wang, Chaohong; Gou, Haibo; Xu, Lei

2017-11-22

Flexible nanocomposites composed of high dielectric constant fillers and polymer matrix have shown great potential for electrostatic capacitors and energy storage applications. To obtain the composited material with high dielectric constant and high breakdown strength, multi-interfacial composited particles, which composed of conductive cores and insulating shells and possessed the internal barrier layer capacitor (IBLC) effect, were adopted as fillers. Thus, Fe 3 O 4 @BaTiO 3 core-shell particles were prepared and loaded into the poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (P(VDF-HFP)) polymer matrix. As the mass fraction of core-shell fillers increased from 2.5 wt % to 30 wt %, the dielectric constant of the films increased, while the loss tangent remained at a low level (<0.05 at 1 kHz). Both high electric displacement and high electric breakdown strength were achieved in the films with 10 wt % core-shell fillers loaded. The maximum energy storage density of 7.018 J/cm 3 was measured at 2350 kV/cm, which shows significant enhancement than those of the pure P(VDF-HFP) films and analogous composited films with converse insulating-conductive core-shell fillers. A Maxwell-Wagner capacitor model was also adopted to interpret the efficiency of IBLC effects on the suppressed loss tangent and the superior breakdown strength. This work explored an effective approach to prepare dielectric nanocomposites for energy storage applications experimentally and theoretically.

The price of a drink: levels of consumption and price paid per unit of alcohol by Edinburgh's ill drinkers with a comparison to wider alcohol sales in Scotland

PubMed Central

Black, Heather; Gill, Jan; Chick, Jonathan

2011-01-01

Aim To compare alcohol purchasing and consumption by ill drinkers in Edinburgh with wider alcohol sales in Scotland. Design Cross-sectional. Setting Two hospitals in Edinburgh in 2008/09. Participants A total of 377 patients with serious alcohol problems; two-thirds were in-patients with medical, surgical or psychiatric problems due to alcohol; one-third were out-patients. Measurements Last week's or typical weekly consumption of alcohol: type, brand, units (1 UK unit 8 g ethanol), purchase place and price. Findings Patients consumed mean 197.7 UK units/week. The mean price paid per unit was £0.43 (lowest £0.09/unit) (£1 = 1.6 US$ or 1.2€), which is below the mean unit price, £0.71 paid in Scotland in 2008. Of units consumed, 70.3% were sold at or below £0.40/unit (mid-range of price models proposed for minimum pricing legislation by the Scottish Government), and 83% at or below £0.50/unit proposed by the Chief Medical Officer of England. The lower the price paid per unit, the more units a patient consumed. A continuous increase in unit price from lower to higher social status, ranked according to the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (based on postcode), was not seen; patients residing in postcodes in the mid-quintile paid the highest price per unit. Cheapness was quoted commonly as a reason for beverage choice; ciders, especially ‘white’ cider, and vodka were, at off-sales, cheapest per unit. Stealing alcohol or drinking alcohol substitutes was only very rarely reported. Conclusions Because patients with serious alcohol problems tend to purchase very cheap alcohol, elimination of the cheapest sales by minimum price or other legislation might reduce their consumption. It is unknown whether proposed price legislation in Scotland will encourage patients with serious alcohol problems to start stealing alcohol or drinking substitutes or will reduce the recruitment of new drinkers with serious alcohol problems and produce predicted longer-term gains in

John Goodsir FRS (1814-1867): Pioneer of cytology and microbiology.

PubMed

Gardner, Dugald

2017-05-01

John Goodsir, pioneer of the concept that all tissues are formed of cells, was born in 1814 into a family of medical practitioners in Anstruther, Fife, Scotland where he was captivated by the marine life he saw daily in his childhood. His ambition was to follow his father and grandfather in medicine. Aged 13, he studied at St Andrews University before being apprenticed to an Edinburgh dentist and completing an original analysis of the embryology of human dentition. He became the student of Robert Knox at the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh and then Conservator of the University Anatomy museum. He exchanged this position for one at the College of Surgeons before accepting the full University post. Beginning in 1830 with the compound microscope, he studied natural history and anatomy, describing his discoveries to many societies. Appointed to the Edinburgh Chair of Anatomy in 1846, his investigations of the cell as the unit of all tissues were recognised internationally. A critic of Darwin, he believed that Man could not evolve. However, malnutrition, the death of a brother and of a friend and collaborator, Edward Forbes, contributed to progressive illness and Goodsir died at Wardie, Edinburgh in 1867.

[The life of Polish students at the Polish School of Medicine at the University of Edinburgh].

PubMed

Gebertt, S

1994-01-01

The article has been written by a former student of the Polish School of Medicine at the University of Edinburgh, a member of the Polish Forces in Britain. The reminiscences concentrate on day to day life of others, like himself, seconded from the Forces to continue their medical studies. Statistical data concerning the activities of Polish School of Medicine are presented and analysed. Detailed mention is made of various routes by which Polish students reached Great Britain from the time of defeat and partition of Poland between Germany and Soviet Union. The various phases of relationship and attitudes between Polish Armed Forces and the body of students are described and illustrated by extracts from personal memoirs. The number of other topics is presented and discussed: The difficulties and problems encountered in living and studying amongst people, who although sympathetic, but whose language, culture and customs were completely foreign to the Poles. The ways in which individuals and groups of students tried and in many instances managed to overcome these obstacles, forging links with their Scottish colleagues and population at large. The participation in various joint activities like Settlement Day, work in agricultural camps, sports, Scottish students Unions and Representative Councils etc. are described. "Inner life" of Polish students concentrated in "Bursa" (an equivalent of University Residence) is presented in a light-hearted way. Large detachments of a foreign army, living, amongst albeit friendly population, are bound to cause, sometimes serious, friction. Very much in relation to this problem the role of Polish students as ambassadors of Poland and Polish Causes are presented and their value assessed.

Faculty of Prehospital Care, Royal College of Surgeons Edinburgh guidance for medical provision for wilderness medicine.

PubMed

Mellor, Adrian; Dodds, Naomi; Joshi, Raj; Hall, John; Dhillon, Sundeep; Hollis, Sarah; Davis, Pete; Hillebrandt, David; Howard, Eva; Wilkes, Matthew; Langdana, Burjor; Lee, David; Hinson, Nigel; Williams, Thomas Harcourt; Rowles, Joe; Pynn, Harvey

2015-01-01

To support leaders and those involved in providing medical care on expeditions in wilderness environments, the Faculty of Pre-Hospital Care (FPHC) of The Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh convened an expert panel of leading healthcare professionals and expedition providers. The aims of this panel were to: (1) provide guidance to ensure the best possible medical care for patients within the geographical, logistical and human factor constraints of an expedition environment. (2) Give aspiring and established expedition medics a 'benchmark' of skills they should meet. (3) Facilitate expedition organisers in selecting the most appropriate medical cover and provider for their planned activity. A system of medical planning is suggested to enable expedition leaders to identify the potential medical risks and their mitigation. It was recognised that the scope of practice for wilderness medicine covers elements of primary healthcare, pre-hospital emergency medicine and preventative medicine. Some unique competencies were also identified. Further to this, the panel recommends the use of a matrix and advisory expedition medic competencies relating to the remoteness and medical threat of the expedition. This advice is aimed at all levels of expedition medic, leader and organiser who may be responsible for delivering or managing the delivery of remote medical care for participants. The expedition medic should be someone equipped with the appropriate medical competencies, scope of practice and capabilities in the expedition environment and need not necessarily be a qualified doctor. In addition to providing guidance regarding the clinical competencies required of the expedition medic, the document provides generic guidance and signposting to the more pertinent aspects of the role of expedition medic.

The Edinburgh Consensus: preparing for the advent of disease-modifying therapies for Alzheimer's disease.

PubMed

Ritchie, Craig W; Russ, Tom C; Banerjee, Sube; Barber, Bob; Boaden, Andrew; Fox, Nick C; Holmes, Clive; Isaacs, Jeremy D; Leroi, Ira; Lovestone, Simon; Norton, Matt; O'Brien, John; Pearson, Jim; Perry, Richard; Pickett, James; Waldman, Adam D; Wong, Wai Lup; Rossor, Martin N; Burns, Alistair

2017-10-26

This commentary discusses the implications of disease-modifying treatments for Alzheimer's disease which seem likely to appear in the next few years and results from a meeting of British experts in neurodegenerative diseases in Edinburgh. The availability of such treatments would help change public and professional attitudes and accelerate engagement with the prodromal and preclinical populations who might benefit from them. However, this would require an updated understanding of Alzheimer's disease, namely the important distinction between Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer's dementia. Since treatments are likely to be most effective in the early stages, identification of clinically relevant brain changes (for example, amyloid burden using imaging or cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers) will be crucial. While current biomarkers could be useful in identifying eligibility for new therapies, trial data are not available to aid decisions about stopping or continuing treatment in clinical practice. Therefore, effective monitoring of safety and effectiveness when these treatments are introduced into clinical practice will be necessary to inform wide-scale use. Equity of access is key but there is a tension between universal access for everyone with a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and specifying an eligible population most likely to respond. We propose the resources necessary for an optimal care pathway as well as the necessary education and training for primary and secondary care. The majority of current services in the UK and elsewhere would not be able to accommodate the specialist investigations required to select patients and prescribe these therapies. Therefore, a stepped approach would be necessary: from innovating sentinel clinical-academic centres that already have capacity to deliver the necessary phase IV trials, through early adoption in a hub and spoke model, to nationwide adoption for true equity of access. The optimism generated by recent and anticipated

Achieving Zero Stress in Iridium, Chromium, and Nickel Thin Films

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Broadway, David M.; Weimer, Jeffrey; Gurgew, Danielle; Lis, Tomasz; Ramsey, Brian D.; O'Dell, Stephen L.; Ames, A.; Bruni, R.

2015-01-01

We examine a method for achieving zero intrinsic stress in thin films of iridium, chromium, and nickel deposited by magnetron sputter deposition. The examination of the stress in these materials is motivated by efforts to advance the optical performance of light-weight x-ray space telescopes into the regime of sub-arc second resolution that rely on control of the film stress to values within 10-100 MPa. A characteristic feature of the intrinsic stress behavior in chromium and nickel is their sensitivity to the magnitude and sign of the intrinsic stress with argon gas pressure, including the existence of a critical pressure that results in zero film stress. This critical pressure scales linearly with the film's density. While the effect of stress reversal with argon pressure has been previously reported by Hoffman and others for nickel and chromium, we have discovered a similar behavior for iridium. Additionally, we have identified zero stress in iridium shortly after island coalescence. This feature of film growth is used for achieving a total internal stress of -2.89 MPa for a 15.8 nm thick iridium film. The surface roughness of this low-stress film was examined using scanning probe microscopy (SPM) and x-ray reflectivity (XRR) at CuKa and these results presented and discussed.

Paper-based transparent flexible thin film supercapacitors.

PubMed

Gao, Kezheng; Shao, Ziqiang; Wu, Xue; Wang, Xi; Zhang, Yunhua; Wang, Wenjun; Wang, Feijun

2013-06-21

Paper-based transparent flexible thin film supercapacitors were fabricated using CNF-[RGO]n hybrid paper as an electrode material and charge collector. Owing to the self-anti-stacking of distorted RGO nanosheets and internal electrolyte nanoscale-reservoirs, the device exhibited good electrochemical performance (about 1.73 mF cm(-2)), and a transmittance of about 56% (at 550 nm).

A comparison of defect size and film quality obtained from Film digitized image and digital image radiographs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kamlangkeng, Poramate; Asa, Prateepasen; Mai, Noipitak

2014-06-01

Digital radiographic testing is an acceptable premature nondestructive examination technique. Its performance and limitation comparing to the old technique are still not widely well known. In this paper conducted the study on the comparison of the accuracy of the defect size measurement and film quality obtained from film and digital radiograph techniques by testing in specimens and known size sample defect. Initially, one specimen was built with three types of internal defect; which are longitudinal cracking, lack of fusion, and porosity. For the known size sample defect, it was machined various geometrical size for comparing the accuracy of the measuring defect size to the real size in both film and digital images. To compare the image quality by considering at smallest detectable wire and the three defect images. In this research used Image Quality Indicator (IQI) of wire type 10/16 FE EN BS EN-462-1-1994. The radiographic films were produced by X-ray and gamma ray using Kodak AA400 size 3.5x8 inches, while the digital images were produced by Fuji image plate type ST-VI with 100 micrometers resolution. During the tests, a radiator GE model MF3 was implemented. The applied energy is varied from 120 to 220 kV and the current from 1.2 to 3.0 mA. The intensity of Iridium 192 gamma ray is in the range of 24-25 Curie. Under the mentioned conditions, the results showed that the deviation of the defect size measurement comparing to the real size obtained from the digital image radiographs is below than that of the film digitized, whereas the quality of film digitizer radiographs is higher in comparison.

Melting in Superheated Silicon Films Under Pulsed-Laser Irradiation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Jin Jimmy

This thesis examines melting in superheated silicon films in contact with SiO2 under pulsed laser irradiation. An excimer-laser pulse was employed to induce heating of the film by irradiating the film through the transparent fused-quartz substrate such that most of the beam energy was deposited near the bottom Si-SiO2 interface. Melting dynamics were probed via in situ transient reflectance measurements. The temperature profile was estimated computationally by incorporating temperature- and phase-dependent physical parameters and the time-dependent intensity profile of the incident excimer-laser beam obtained from the experiments. The results indicate that a significant degree of superheating occurred in the subsurface region of the film. Surface-initiated melting was observed in spite of the internal heating scheme, which resulted in the film being substantially hotter at and near the bottom Si-SiO2 interface. By considering that the surface melts at the equilibrium melting point, the solid-phase-only heat-flow analysis estimates that the bottom Si-SiO2 interface can be superheated by at least 220 K during excimer-laser irradiation. It was found that at higher laser fluences (i.e., at higher temperatures), melting can be triggered internally. At heating rates of 1010 K/s, melting was observed to initiate at or near the (100)-oriented Si-SiO2 interface at temperatures estimated to be over 300 K above the equilibrium melting point. Based on theoretical considerations, it was deduced that melting in the superheated solid initiated via a nucleation and growth process. Nucleation rates were estimated from the experimental data using Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov (JMAK) analysis. Interpretation of the results using classical nucleation theory suggests that nucleation of the liquid phase occurred via the heterogeneous mechanism along the Si-SiO2 interface.

Molecular dynamics simulation of temperature effects on deposition of Cu film on Si by magnetron sputtering

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhu, Guo; Sun, Jiangping; Zhang, Libin; Gan, Zhiyin

2018-06-01

The temperature effects on the growth of Cu thin film on Si (0 0 1) in the context of magnetron sputtering deposition were systematically studied using molecular dynamics (MD) method. To improve the comparability of simulation results at varying temperatures, the initial status data of incident Cu atoms used in all simulations were read from an identical file via LAMMPS-Python interface. In particular, crystalline microstructure, interface mixing and internal stress of Cu thin film deposited at different temperatures were investigated in detail. With raising the substrate temperature, the interspecies mixed volume and the proportion of face-centered cubic (fcc) structure in the deposited film both increased, while the internal compressive stress decreased. It was found that the fcc structure in the deposited Cu thin films was 〈1 1 1〉 oriented, which was reasonably explained by surface energy minimization and the selectivity of bombardment energy to the crystalline planes. The quantified analysis of interface mixing revealed that the diffusion of Cu atoms dominated the interface mixing, and the injection of incident Cu atoms resulted in the densification of phase near the film-substrate interface. More important, the distribution of atomic stress indicated that the compressive stress was mainly originated from the film-substrate interface, which might be attributed to the densification of interfacial phase at the initial stage of film deposition.

IMAX films Destiny in Atlantis's payload bay

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2001-01-01

In the Payload Changeout Room at Launch Pad 39A, a film crew from IMAX prepares its 3-D movie camera to film the payload bay door closure on Atlantis. Behind them is the payload, the U.S. Laboratory Destiny, which will fly on mission STS-98, the seventh construction flight to the ISS. Destiny, a key element in the construction of the International Space Station, is 28 feet long and weighs 16 tons. This research and command-and-control center is the most sophisticated and versatile space laboratory ever built. It will ultimately house a total of 23 experiment racks for crew support and scientific research. Launch of Atlantis is Feb. 7 at 6:11 p.m. EST.

50th Annual Scientific Meeting of the British Society for Haematology.

PubMed

Thomas, Angela E

2010-08-01

The 50th Annual Scientific Meeting of the British Society for Haematology was notable, not only for its golden anniversary, but also because it coincided with the eruption of the Icelandic volcano, Eyjafjallajökull, and the ensuing travel chaos. In total, 28 speakers from overseas were unable to reach Edinburgh, including a significant number of British speakers who were stranded. However, owing to the superb efforts of the conference organisers and Edinburgh International Conference Centre staff, teleconferencing equipment was installed and all speakers were contacted and able to give their talks on time. The program, consisting of simultaneous sessions and plenary lectures, covered not only recent advances in clinical and laboratory hematology, but also reflected on the contribution of British hematology to the international arena over the past 50 years.

Tin-Doped Inorganic Amorphous Films for Use as Transparent Monolithic Phosphors

PubMed Central

Masai, Hirokazu; Miyata, Hiroki; Yamada, Yasuhiro; Okumura, Shun; Yanagida, Takayuki; Kanemitsu, Yoshihiko

2015-01-01

Although inorganic crystalline phosphors can exhibit high quantum efficiency, their use in phosphor films has been limited by a reliance on organic binders that have poor durability when exposed to high-power and/or high excitation energy light sources. To address this problem, Sn2+ -doped transparent phosphate films measuring several micrometers in thickness have been successfully prepared through heat treatment and a subsequent single dip-coating process. The resulting monolithic inorganic amorphous film exhibited an internal quantum efficiency of over 60% and can potentially utilize transmitted light. Analysis of the film’s emissivity revealed that its color can be tuned by changing the amount of Mn and Sn added to influence the energy transfer from Sn2+ to Mn2+. It is therefore concluded that amorphous films containing such emission centers can provide a novel and viable alternative to conventional amorphous films containing crystalline phosphors in light-emitting devices. PMID:26061744

Influence of film dimensions on film droplet formation.

PubMed

Holmgren, Helene; Ljungström, Evert

2012-02-01

Aerosol particles may be generated from rupturing liquid films through a droplet formation mechanism. The present work was undertaken with the aim to throw some light on the influence of film dimensions on droplet formation with possible consequences for exhaled breath aerosol formation. The film droplet formation process was mimicked by using a purpose-built device, where fluid films were spanned across holes of known diameters. As the films burst, droplets were formed and the number and size distributions of the resulting droplets were determined. No general relation could be found between hole diameter and the number of droplets generated per unit surface area of fluid film. Averaged over all film sizes, a higher surface tension yielded higher concentrations of droplets. Surface tension did not influence the resulting droplet diameter, but it was found that smaller films generated smaller droplets. This study shows that small fluid films generate droplets as efficiently as large films, and that droplets may well be generated from films with diameters below 1 mm. This has implications for the formation of film droplets from reopening of closed airways because human terminal bronchioles are of similar dimensions. Thus, the results provide support for the earlier proposed mechanism where reopening of closed airways is one origin of exhaled particles.

Research in LPE of Doped LiNbO3 and LiTaO3 Thin Films.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-06-01

garnet films grown on single crystal garnet substrates by the LPE technique for magnetic bubble applica- tions. The choice of substrate and film are...AD-Al07 686 ROCKWELL INTERNATIONAL THOUSAND OAKS CA ELECTRONICS -EUTC F/G 2RESEARCH IN LPE OF DOPED LINBO3 AND LITA03 THIN FILMS .(U JUN Al R R NEUR...Research in LPE of Doped LiNbO3 and LiTa03 Final Report Thin Films 04/01/77 through 03/31/81 6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUM9ER ERC41004.11FR 7. AUTNOR

Effect of internal flow and evaporation on hydrogel assembly process at droplet interface

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kang, Giho; Seong, Baekhoon; Gim, Yeonghyeon; Ko, Han Seo; Byun, Doyoung

2017-11-01

Recently, controlling the behavior of nanoparticles inside liquid droplet has been widely studied. There have been many reports about the mechanism of the nanoparticles assembly and fabrication of a thin film on a substrate. However, the assembly mechanism at a liquid-air interface has not been clearly understood to form polymer chains into films. Herein, we investigated the role of internal flow on the thin film assembly process at the interface of the hydrogel droplet. The internal fluid flow during the formation of the hydrogel film was visualized systematically using micro-PIV (Particle image velocimetry) technique at various temperatures. We show that the buoyancy effect and convection flow induced by heat can affect the film morphology and its mechanical characteristics. Due to the accelerated fluid flow inside the droplet and evaporation flux, densely assembled hydrogel film was able to be formed. Film strength was increased 24% with temperature increase from 40 to 80 degrees Celsius. We expect our investigations could be applied to many applications such as self-assembly of planar structures at the interface in coating and printing process. The support from the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (NRF-2015R1A2A1A05001829) is acknowledged.

Assessment of an undergraduate psychiatry course in an African setting

PubMed Central

Baig, Benjamin J; Beaglehole, Anna; Stewart, Robert C; Boeing, Leonie; Blackwood, Douglas H; Leuvennink, Johan; Kauye, Felix

2008-01-01

Background International reports recommend the improvement in the amount and quality of training for mental health workers in low and middle income countries. The Scotland-Malawi Mental Health Education Project (SMMHEP) has been established to support the teaching of psychiatry to medical students in the University of Malawi. While anecdotally supportive medical educational initiatives appear of value, little quantitative evidence exists to demonstrate whether such initiatives can deliver comparable educational standards. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of an undergraduate psychiatry course given by UK psychiatrists in Malawi by studying University of Malawi and Edinburgh University medical students' performance on an MCQ examination paper. Methods An undergraduate psychiatry course followed by an MCQ exam was delivered by the SMMHEP to 57 Malawi medical students. This same MCQ exam was given to 71 Edinburgh University medical students who subsequently sat their own Edinburgh University examination. Results There were no significant differences between Edinburgh students' performance on the Malawi exam and their own Edinburgh University exam. (p = 0.65). This would suggest that the Malawi exam is a comparable standard to the Edinburgh exam. Malawi students marks ranged from 52.4%–84.6%. Importantly 84.4% of Malawi students scored above 60% on their exam which would equate to a hypothetical pass by UK university standards. Conclusion The support of an undergraduate course in an African setting by high income country specialists can attain a high percentage pass rate by UK standards. Although didactic teaching has been surpassed by more novel educational methods, in resource poor countries it remains an effective and cost effective method of gaining an important educational standard. PMID:18430237

Assessment of an undergraduate psychiatry course in an African setting.

PubMed

Baig, Benjamin J; Beaglehole, Anna; Stewart, Robert C; Boeing, Leonie; Blackwood, Douglas H; Leuvennink, Johan; Kauye, Felix

2008-04-22

International reports recommend the improvement in the amount and quality of training for mental health workers in low and middle income countries. The Scotland-Malawi Mental Health Education Project (SMMHEP) has been established to support the teaching of psychiatry to medical students in the University of Malawi. While anecdotally supportive medical educational initiatives appear of value, little quantitative evidence exists to demonstrate whether such initiatives can deliver comparable educational standards. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of an undergraduate psychiatry course given by UK psychiatrists in Malawi by studying University of Malawi and Edinburgh University medical students' performance on an MCQ examination paper. An undergraduate psychiatry course followed by an MCQ exam was delivered by the SMMHEP to 57 Malawi medical students. This same MCQ exam was given to 71 Edinburgh University medical students who subsequently sat their own Edinburgh University examination. There were no significant differences between Edinburgh students' performance on the Malawi exam and their own Edinburgh University exam. (p = 0.65). This would suggest that the Malawi exam is a comparable standard to the Edinburgh exam. Malawi students marks ranged from 52.4%-84.6%. Importantly 84.4% of Malawi students scored above 60% on their exam which would equate to a hypothetical pass by UK university standards. The support of an undergraduate course in an African setting by high income country specialists can attain a high percentage pass rate by UK standards. Although didactic teaching has been surpassed by more novel educational methods, in resource poor countries it remains an effective and cost effective method of gaining an important educational standard.

76 FR 45508 - Polyethylene Terephthalate Film, Sheet and Strip From the United Arab Emirates: Extension of Time...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-29

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [A-520-803] Polyethylene Terephthalate Film, Sheet and Strip From the United Arab Emirates: Extension of Time Limit for Preliminary Results of... polyethylene terephthalate film, sheet and strip from the United Arab Emirates (UAE) for the period November 01...

78 FR 45512 - Polyethylene Terephthalate Film from India and Taiwan: Extension of Time Limits for Preliminary...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-29

... or Jacky Arrowsmith at 202-482-1396 or 202-482-5255, respectively, AD/CVD Operations, Office 6... terephthalate film (PET Film) from India and Taiwan, pursuant to section 751(c) of the Tariff Act of 1930, as..., Office of Investigations, International Trade Commission, regarding ``Sunset Reviews Initiated on April 2...

Film Program Notes from the Current Holdings of the Anthology Film Archives; Outlines of 41 Films.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Anthology Film Archives, New York, NY.

This collection of film program notes includes mixed commentary on some of the films held in the Anthology Film Archives (a film and book library in New York City). Some of the films are described by synopsis of the episodes and others by translation into English of the foreign language subtitles. However, each film noted is identified by full…

The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale: Screening Tool for Postpartum Anxiety as Well? Findings from a Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Hebrew Version.

PubMed

Bina, Rena; Harrington, Donna

2016-04-01

The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was originally created as a uni-dimensional scale to screen for postpartum depression (PPD); however, evidence from various studies suggests that it is a multi-dimensional scale measuring mainly anxiety in addition to depression. The factor structure of the EPDS seems to differ across various language translations, raising questions regarding its stability. This study examined the factor structure of the Hebrew version of the EPDS to assess whether it is uni- or multi-dimensional. Seven hundred and fifteen (n = 715) women were screened at 6 weeks postpartum using the Hebrew version of the EPDS. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to test four models derived from the literature. Of the four CFA models tested, a 9-item two factor model fit the data best, with one factor representing an underlying depression construct and the other representing an underlying anxiety construct. for Practice The Hebrew version of the EPDS appears to consist of depression and anxiety sub-scales. Given the widespread PPD screening initiatives, anxiety symptoms should be addressed in addition to depressive symptoms, and a short scale, such as the EPDS, assessing both may be efficient.

Interfacial reflection enhanced optical extinction and thermal dynamics in polymer nanocomposite films

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dunklin, Jeremy R.; Forcherio, Gregory T.; Berry, Keith R.; Roper, D. Keith

2016-09-01

Polymer films containing plasmonic nanostructures are of increasing interest for development of responsive energy, sensing, and therapeutic systems. A series of novel gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) films were fabricated to elucidate enhanced optical extinction from diffractive and scattering induced internal reflection. AuNPs with dramatically different scattering-to-absorption ratios were compared at variable interparticle separations to differentiate light trapping from optical diffraction and Mie scattering. Description of interfacial optical and thermal effects due to these interrelated contributions has progressed beyond Mie theory, Beer's law, effective media, and conventional heat transfer descriptions. Thermal dissipation rates in AuNP-PDMS with this interfacial optical reflection was enhanced relative to films containing heterogeneous AuNPs and a developed thermal dissipation description. This heuristic, which accounts for contributions of both internal and external thermal dissipations, has been shown to accurately predict thermal dissipation rates from AuNP-containing insulating and conductive substrates in both two and three-dimensional systems. Enhanced thermal response rates could enable design and adaptive control of thermoplasmonic materials for a variety of implementations.

Surface-supported metal-organic framework thin films: fabrication methods, applications, and challenges.

PubMed

Liu, Jinxuan; Wöll, Christof

2017-10-02

Surface-supported metal-organic framework thin films are receiving increasing attention as a novel form of nanotechnology. New deposition techniques that enable the control of the film thickness, homogeneity, morphology, and dimensions with a huge number of metal-organic framework compounds offer tremendous opportunities in a number of different application fields. In response to increasing demands for environmental sustainability and cleaner energy, much effort in recent years has been devoted to the development of MOF thin films for applications in photovoltaics, CO 2 reduction, energy storage, water splitting, and electronic devices, as well as for the fabrication of membranes. Although existing applications are promising and encouraging, MOF thin films still face numerous challenges, including the need for a more thorough understanding of the thin-film growth mechanism, stability of the internal and external interfaces, strategies for doping and models for charge carrier transport. In this paper, we review the recent advances in MOF thin films, including fabrication and patterning strategies and existing nanotechnology applications. We conclude by listing the most attractive future opportunities as well as the most urgent challenges.

Effect of Surface Excess Energy Transport on the Rupture of an Evaporating Film

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Luo, Yan; Zhou, Jianqiu; Yang, Xia; Liu, Rong

2018-05-01

In most of existing works on the instabilities of an evaporating film, the energy boundary condition only takes into account contributions of the evaporation latent heat and the heat conduction in the liquid. We use a new generalized energy boundary condition at the evaporating liquid-vapor interface, in which the contribution of the transport of the Gibbs excess energy is included. We have derived the long-wave equations in which the thickness of film and the interfacial temperature are coupled to describe the dynamics of an evaporating thin film. The results of our computation show that the transport of the Gibbs excess internal energy delay the rupture of thin films due to van de Waals force, evaporating effect and vapor recoil.

Growth and structure of hydrogenated carbon films containing fullerene-like structure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Peng; Wang, Xia; Liu, Weimin; Zhang, Junyan

2008-04-01

Hydrogenated carbon films were prepared by magnetron sputtering of a titanium target in methane and argon atmosphere. The film grown at -800 V bias exhibits excellent mechanical properties with a hardness of 20.9 GPa and an elastic recovery as high as 85%. Its structure, characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectrum, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, can be described as fullerene-like structures uniformly dispersed in an amorphous carbon matrix. In order to reveal the evolution of fullerene-like structures in our films, different bias voltages were introduced. The results show that high bias voltage leads to the accumulation of high compressive internal stress in the film and promotes the evolution of fullerene-like structures. Although the film grown at -800 V bias presents high sp2 bonding content, it exhibits good mechanical properties with high hardness and high elasticity at the same time; we attribute it to the unique structure of the film, in which a fullerene-like structure, just like a molecule spring dispersed in the film, reserves the elastic energy during distortion through reversible bond rotation and bond angle deflection, while the amorphous carbon matrix restrains the relaxation of the rigid C-C network and compressive stress and restricts the slip of graphene sheets.

Structural, chemical and electrical characterisation of conductive graphene-polymer composite films

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brennan, Barry; Spencer, Steve J.; Belsey, Natalie A.; Faris, Tsegie; Cronin, Harry; Silva, S. Ravi P.; Sainsbury, Toby; Gilmore, Ian S.; Stoeva, Zlatka; Pollard, Andrew J.

2017-05-01

Graphene poly-acrylic and PEDOT:PSS nanocomposite films were produced using two alternative commercial graphene powders to explore how the graphene flake dimensions and chemical composition affected the electrical performance of the film. A range of analytical techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), were employed to systematically analyse the initial graphene materials as well as the nanocomposite films. Electrical measurements indicated that the sheet resistance of the films was affected by the properties of the graphene flakes used. To further explore the composition of the films, ToF-SIMS mapping was employed and provided a direct means to elucidate the nature of the graphene dispersion in the films and to correlate this with the electrical analysis. These results reveal important implications for how the dispersion of the graphene material in films produced from printable inks can be affected by the type of graphene powder used and the corresponding effect on electrical performance of the nanocomposites. This work provides direct evidence for how accurate and comparable characterisation of the graphene material is required for real-world graphene materials to develop graphene enabled films and proposes a measurement protocol for comparing graphene materials that can be used for international standardisation.

Desertification of the peritoneum by thin-film evaporation during laparoscopy.

PubMed

Ott, Douglas E

2003-01-01

To assess the effects of gas flow during insufflation on peritoneal fluid and peritoneal tissue regarding transient thermal behavior and thin-film evaporation. The effects of laparoscopic gas on peritoneal cell desiccation and peritoneal fluid thin-film evaporation were analyzed. Measurment of tissue and peritoneal fluid and analysis of gas flow dynamics during laparoscopy. High-velocity gas interface conditions during laparoscopic gas insufflation result in peritoneal surface temperature and decreases up to 20 degrees C/second due to rapid thin-film evaporation of the peritoneal fluid. Evaporation of the thin film of peritoneal fluid extends quickly to the peritoneal cell membrane, causing peritoneal cell desiccation, internal cytoplasmic stress, and disruption of the cell membrane, resulting in loss of peritoneal surface continuity and integrity. Changing the gas conditions to 35 degrees C and 95% humidity maintains normal peritoneal fluid thin-film characteristics, cellular integrity, and prevents evaporative losses. Cold, dry gas and the characteristics of the laparoscopic gas delivery apparatus cause local peritoneal damaging alterations by high-velocity gas flow with extremely dry gas, creating extreme arid surface conditions, rapid evaporative and hydrological changes, tissue desiccation, and peritoneal fluid alterations that contribute to the process of desertification and thin-film evaporation. Peritoneal desertification is preventable by preconditioning the gas to 35 degrees C and 95% humidity.

Copper Phthalocyanine Functionalized Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes: Thin Films for Optical Detection.

PubMed

Banimuslem, Hikmat; Hassan, Aseel; Basova, Tamara; Durmuş, Mahmut; Tuncel, Sinem; Esenpinar, Aliye Asli; Gürek, Ayşe Gül; Ahsen, Vefa

2015-03-01

Thin films of non-covalently hybridized single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and tetra-substituted copper phthalocyanine (CuPcR4) molecules have been produced from their solutions in dimethylformamide (DMF). FTIR spectra revealed the 7π-7π interaction between SWCNTs and CuPcR4 molecules. DC conductivity of films of acid-treated SWCNT/CuPcR4 hybrid has increased by more than three orders of.magnitude in comparison with conductivity of CuPcR4 films. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements have shown that films obtained from the acid-treated SWCNTs/CuPcR4 hybrids demonstrated more homogenous surface which is ascribed to the highly improved solubility of the hybrid powder in DMF Using total internal reflection ellipsometry spectroscopy (TIRE), thin films of the new hybrid have been examined as an optical sensing membrane for the detection of benzo[a]pyrene in water to demonstrate the sensing properties of the hybrid.

Influence of oxygen partial pressure on the microstructural and magnetic properties of Er-doped ZnO thin films

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chen, Wei-Bin; Li, Fei; Chen, Hong-Ming

2015-06-15

Er-doped ZnO thin films have been prepared by using inductively coupled plasma enhanced physical vapor deposition at different O{sub 2}:Ar gas flow ratio (R = 0:30, 1:30, 1:15, 1:10 and 1:6). The influence of oxygen partial pressure on the structural, optical and magnetic properties was studied. It is found that an appropriate oxygen partial pressure (R=1:10) can produce the best crystalline quality with a maximum grain size. The internal strain, estimated by fitting the X-ray diffraction peaks, varied with oxygen partial pressure during growth. PL measurements show that plenty of defects, especially zinc vacancy, exist in Er-doped ZnO films. Allmore » the samples show room-temperature ferromagnetism. Importantly, the saturation magnetization exhibits similar dependency on oxygen partial pressure with the internal strain, which indicates that internal strain has an important effect on the magnetic properties of Er-doped ZnO thin films.« less

Paper-based transparent flexible thin film supercapacitors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gao, Kezheng; Shao, Ziqiang; Wu, Xue; Wang, Xi; Zhang, Yunhua; Wang, Wenjun; Wang, Feijun

2013-05-01

Paper-based transparent flexible thin film supercapacitors were fabricated using CNF-[RGO]n hybrid paper as an electrode material and charge collector. Owing to the self-anti-stacking of distorted RGO nanosheets and internal electrolyte nanoscale-reservoirs, the device exhibited good electrochemical performance (about 1.73 mF cm-2), and a transmittance of about 56% (at 550 nm).Paper-based transparent flexible thin film supercapacitors were fabricated using CNF-[RGO]n hybrid paper as an electrode material and charge collector. Owing to the self-anti-stacking of distorted RGO nanosheets and internal electrolyte nanoscale-reservoirs, the device exhibited good electrochemical performance (about 1.73 mF cm-2), and a transmittance of about 56% (at 550 nm). Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Experimental, TEM image, IR spectra, and XRD spectra of cellulose nanofibers, TEM image, and XRD spectra of RGO, graphite, GO nanosheets, CNF paper, and CNF-[RGO]20 hybrid paper, high-resolution C1s spectra of GO, Raman spectra of GO nanosheets, cross-sectional FESEM image of CNF-[RGO]20 hybrid paper and stress-strain curve of T-SC-20. See DOI: 10.1039/c3nr00674c

Preparation, Properties, and Structure of Hydrogenated Amorphous Carbon Films.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Hsiung

1990-01-01

Hydrogenated amorphous carbon films (a-C:H) have been deposited on glass, fused silica, Si, Mo, Al, and 304 stainless steel at room temperature by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). The rf glow discharge and plasma kinetics of the deposition process were investigated. Negative self-bias voltage V_{rm b} and gas pressure P were used as two major deposition parameters. The hydrogen concentration, internal stress, mass density, hardness, and thickness of the deposited films were measured. In the low energy deposition region, 0 > V_{rm b} > -100 V, soft polymerlike films with high hydrogen concentration and low density were found. Hard diamondlike films with high stress were deposited in the bias voltage range, -100 V > V _{rm b} > -1000 V. Dark graphitic films with low hydrogen concentration were grown at V_ {rm b} < -1000 V. The optical absorption of a series of a-C:H films have been measured. Optical energy gaps deduced from optical absorption data using the Tauc relation lie between 0.8 eV and 1.4 eV. Doping of a-C:H films by boron and sulfur is accompanied by an increasing number of gap states, i.e., the absorption coefficient is increased and the optical gap is reduced. The thermal stability was studied by thermal desorption spectroscopy and heat treatment at atmospheric pressure. A structural study of a-C:H films was performed using data taken on our films and from literature sources. The relation between cluster size and the intensity ratio of Raman peaks was studied. A comparison of the films as described by the graphitic cluster two-phase (GCT) model, the random covalent network (RCN) model and the all-sp ^2 defect graphite (DG) model was made. The properties and structure of a-C:H films are sensitively dependent on the preparation conditions. Correlations between the deposition conditions, structure, and properties are determined.

The National Film Registry: Acquiring Our Film Heritage.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ziegler, Roy A.

The National Film Registry, which is primarily a designated list of films to be preserved by the Library of Congress, is also a valuable tool for selecting "films that are culturally, historically, and aesthetically significant." Following a brief discussion of the history and selection process of the National Film Registry, Southeast…

Reliability and validity of Edinburgh visual gait score as an evaluation tool for children with cerebral palsy.

PubMed

Del Pilar Duque Orozco, Maria; Abousamra, Oussama; Church, Chris; Lennon, Nancy; Henley, John; Rogers, Kenneth J; Sees, Julieanne P; Connor, Justin; Miller, Freeman

2016-09-01

Assessment of gait abnormalities in cerebral palsy (CP) is challenging, and access to instrumented gait analysis is not always feasible. Therefore, many observational gait analysis scales have been devised. This study aimed to evaluate the interobserver reliability, intraobserver reliability, and validity of Edinburgh visual gait score (EVGS). Video of 30 children with spastic CP were reviewed by 7 raters (10 children each in GMFCS levels I, II, and III, age 6-12 years). Three observers had high level of experience in gait analysis (10+ years), two had medium level (2-5 years) and two had no previous experience (orthopedic fellows). Interobserver reliability was evaluated using percentage of complete agreement and kappa values. Criterion validity was evaluated by comparing EVGS scores with 3DGA data taken from the same video visit. Interobserver agreement was 60-90% and Kappa values were 0.18-0.85 for the 17 items in EVGS. Reliability was higher for distal segments (foot/ankle/knee 63-90%; trunk/pelvis/hip 60-76%), with greater experience (high 66-91%, medium 62-90%, no-experience 41-87%), with more EVGS practice (1st 10 videos 52-88%, last 10 videos 64-97%) and when used with higher functioning children (GMFCS I 65-96%, II 58-90%, III 35-65%). Intraobserver agreement was 64-92%. Agreement between EVGS and 3DGA was 52-73%. We believe that having EVGS as part of the standardized gait evaluation is helpful in optimizing the visual scoring. EVGS can be a supportive tool that adds quantitative data instead of only qualitative assessment to a video only gait evaluation. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Magnetic field dependence of the internal quality factor and noise performance of lumped-element kinetic inductance detectors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Flanigan, D.; Johnson, B. R.; Abitbol, M. H.; Bryan, S.; Cantor, R.; Day, P.; Jones, G.; Mauskopf, P.; McCarrick, H.; Miller, A.; Zmuidzinas, J.

2016-10-01

We present a technique for increasing the internal quality factor of kinetic inductance detectors (KIDs) by nulling ambient magnetic fields with a properly applied magnetic field. The KIDs used in this study are made from thin-film aluminum, they are mounted inside a light-tight package made from bulk aluminum, and they are operated near 150 mK. Since the thin-film aluminum has a slightly elevated critical temperature (Tc = 1.4 K), it therefore transitions before the package (Tc = 1.2 K), which also serves as a magnetic shield. On cooldown, ambient magnetic fields as small as approximately 30 µT can produce vortices in the thin-film aluminum as it transitions because the bulk aluminum package has not yet transitioned and therefore is not yet shielding. These vortices become trapped inside the aluminum package below 1.2 K and ultimately produce low internal quality factors in the thin-film superconducting resonators. We show that by controlling the strength of the magnetic field present when the thin film transitions, we can control the internal quality factor of the resonators. We also compare the noise performance with and without vortices present, and find no evidence for excess noise beyond the increase in amplifier noise, which is expected with increasing loss.

77 FR 33768 - Certain Polyimide Films, Products Containing Same, and Related Methods; Notice of Request for...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-07

... INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION [Investigation No. 337-TA-772] Certain Polyimide Films, Products Containing Same, and Related Methods; Notice of Request for Statements on the Public Interest AGENCY: U.S. International Trade Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: Notice is hereby given that the presiding...

Electromechanical properties of amorphous In-Zn-Sn-O transparent conducting film deposited at various substrate temperatures on polyimide substrate

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kim, Young Sung; Lee, Eun Kyung; Eun, Kyoungtae; Choa, Sung-Hoon

2015-09-01

The electromechanical properties of the amorphous In-Zn-Sn-O (IZTO) film deposited at various substrate temperatures were investigated by bending, stretching, twisting, and cyclic bending fatigue tests. Amorphous IZTO films were grown on a transparent polyimide substrate using a pulsed DC magnetron sputtering system at different substrate temperatures ranging from room temperature to 200 °C. A single oxide alloyed ceramic target (In2O3: 80 wt %, ZnO: 10 wt %, SnO2: 10 wt % composition) was used. The amorphous IZTO film deposited at 150 °C exhibited an optimized electrical resistivity of 5.8 × 10-4 Ω cm, optical transmittance of 87%, and figure of merit of 8.3 × 10-3 Ω-1. The outer bending tests showed that the critical bending radius decreased as substrate temperature increased. On the other hand, in the inner bending tests, the critical bending radius increased with an increase in substrate temperature. The differences in the bendability of IZTO films for the outer and inner bending tests could be attributed to the internal residual stress of the films. The uniaxial stretching tests also showed the effects of the internal stress on the mechanical flexibility of the film. The bending and stretching test results demonstrated that the IZTO film had higher bendability and stretchability than the conventional ITO film. The IZTO film could withstand 10,000 bending cycles at a bending radius of 10 mm. The effect of the surface roughness on the mechanical durability of all IZTO films was very small due to their very smooth surfaces.

Thin liquid films with time-dependent chemical reactions sheared by an ambient gas flow

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bender, Achim; Stephan, Peter; Gambaryan-Roisman, Tatiana

2017-08-01

Chemical reactions in thin liquid films are found in many industrial applications, e.g., in combustion chambers of internal combustion engines where a fuel film can develop on pistons or cylinder walls. The reactions within the film and the turbulent outer gas flow influence film stability and lead to film breakup, which in turn can lead to deposit formation. In this work we examine the evolution and stability of a thin liquid film in the presence of a first-order chemical reaction and under the influence of a turbulent gas flow. Long-wave theory with a double perturbation analysis is used to reduce the complexity of the problem and obtain an evolution equation for the film thickness. The chemical reaction is assumed to be slow compared to film evolution and the amount of reactant in the film is limited, which means that the reaction rate decreases with time as the reactant is consumed. A linear stability analysis is performed to identify the influence of reaction parameters, material properties, and environmental conditions on the film stability limits. Results indicate that exothermic reactions have a stabilizing effect whereas endothermic reactions destabilize the film and can lead to rupture. It is shown that an initially unstable film can become stable with time as the reaction rate decreases. The shearing of the film by the external gas flow leads to the appearance of traveling waves. The shear stress magnitude has a nonmonotonic influence on film stability.

Glucocorticoid treatment and impaired mood, memory and metabolism in people with diabetes: the Edinburgh Type 2 Diabetes Study.

PubMed

Reynolds, Rebecca M; Labad, Javier; Sears, Alison V; Williamson, Rachel M; Strachan, Mark W J; Deary, Ian J; Lowe, Gordon D O; Price, Jackie F; Walker, Brian R

2012-05-01

Both type 2 diabetes and glucocorticoid therapy are highly prevalent. Although people with type 2 diabetes may be more susceptible to adverse effects of glucocorticoids, and it is recommended that glucocorticoid therapy is avoided for fear of worsening glycaemic control, the extent to which this advice is followed and the consequences when glucocorticoids are prescribed are poorly documented. The aim was to assess the characteristics of people with type 2 diabetes prescribed glucocorticoids in a real-world setting and to quantify resulting adverse effects. Cross-sectional cohort study. Cardiometabolic variables, body fat distribution, cognitive function and mood were studied in the 1066 participants of the Edinburgh Type 2 Diabetes Study, of whom 162 (15%) were taking systemic, topical or inhaled glucocorticoids. Glucocorticoid therapy was more common in women and in smokers but was not avoided in patients with diabetic complications or cardiovascular risk factors. People taking glucocorticoids were more centrally obese with slightly higher HbA1c and total serum cholesterol but were no more likely to have hepatic steatosis or hypertension. Glucocorticoid treatment was associated with substantially lower mood and greater anxiety. Women taking glucocorticoid therapy were twice as likely to report depressive symptoms compared with those not taking treatment. Glucocorticoid therapy was also associated with poorer cognitive function among those with subclinical atherosclerosis, as indicated by low ankle-brachial pressure index. Glucocorticoids are prescribed commonly for people with type 2 diabetes despite being associated with adverse indices of glycaemic control, cardiovascular risk factors, mood and cognitive function.

The structure study of thin semiconductor and dielectric films by diffraction of synchrotron radiation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yurjev, G. S.; Fainer, N. I.; Maximovskiy, E. A.; Kosinova, M. L.; Sheromov, M. A.; Rumyantsev, Yu. M.

1998-02-01

The structure of semiconductor and dielectric thin (100-300 nm) films was studied by diffraction of synchrotron radiation. The diffraction experiments were performed at both the station "Anomalous scattering" of the storage ring synchrotron facility VEPP-3 and DRON-4 diffractometer. The structure of CdS thin films grown on fused silica, single Si(100) and InP(100) substrates was investigated. The structure of Cu 2S thin films grown on fused silica, single Si(100) substrates and CdS/Si(100)-heterostructure was studied. The structure study was performed on Si 3N 4 films grown on GaAs(100) substrates. The structure of thin BN layers grown on single Si(100) substrates was studied. It was established that structural parameters of above-mentioned thin films coincide on the parameters of JCPDS International Centre for Diffraction Data.

Development of the optimal radiochromic film dosimetry system for measurement of IMRT radiation beams

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Baker, Jameson Todd

The complex dose patterns that result in Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy make the typical QA of a second calculation insufficient for ensuring safe treatment of patients. Many facilities choose to deliver the treatment to film inserted in a phantom and calculate the dose delivered as an additional check of the treatment plan. Radiochromic films allow for measurements without the use of a processor in the current digital age. International Specialty Products developed Gafchromic EBT film, which is a radiochromic film having a useful range of 1 -- 800 cGy. EBT film properties are fully analyzed including studies of uniformity, spectral absorption, exposure sensitivity, energy dependence and post exposure density growth. Dosimetric performance on commercially available digitizers is studied with specific attention on the shortcomings. Finally, a custom designed scanner is built specifically for EBT film and its unique properties. Performance of the EBT digitizer is analyzed and compared against currently available scanners.

Film Reviews.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lance, Larry M.; Atwater, Lynn

1987-01-01

Reviews four Human Sexuality films and videos. These are: "Personal Decisions" (Planned Parenthood Federation of America, 1985); "The Touch Film" (Sterling Production, 1986); "Rethinking Rape" (Film Distribution Center, 1985); "Not A Love Story" (National Film Board of Canada, 1981). (AEM)

The investigation of the Cr doped ZnO thin films deposited by thermionic vacuum arc technique

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mohammadigharehbagh, Reza; Pat, Suat; Musaoglu, Caner; Korkmaz, Şadan; Özen, Soner

2018-02-01

Cr doped ZnO thin films were prepared onto glass and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates using thermionic vacuum arc. XRD patterns show the polycrystalline nature of the films. Cr, Zn, ZnO and Cr2O3 were detected in the layers. The mean crystallite sizes of the films were calculated about 20 nm for the films onto glass and PET substrates. The maximum dislocation density and internal strain values of the films are calculated. According to the optical analysis, the average transmittance and reflectance of the films were found to be approximately 53% and 16% for glass and PET substrates, respectively. The mean refractive index of the layer decreased to 2.15 from 2.38 for the PET substrate. The band gap values of the Cr-doped ZnO thin films were determined as 3.10 and 3.13 eV for glass and PET substrates.

The return of the projected: some thoughts on paranoia and a recent trend in horror films.

PubMed

Benton, R J

1995-12-01

I have focused on two interrelated changes in horror films of the last twenty-five years: a tendency for the "horror" to become internalized; and the use of what I call "bubbling flesh" to signify the internalized horror. Taking two films--the 1958 Fly and its 1986 remake--and treating them as (paranoid) fantasies, I have explored what I take to be the unconscious meanings of these changes. Although both films present oedipal as well as pre-oedipal conflicts, and although both employ paranoid mechanisms of negation and projection of an unacceptable wish, the earlier film also makes greater use of repression to keep the preoedipal wishes farther from consciousness. The earlier film is also more successful in its projection: In the later film the projective mechanisms fail and the projected returns to its original locus. The particular unacceptable wish that I see as being fundamental to these two films (and perhaps to all horror films) is a radically passive wish for merger with the mother--a merger wish so radical that it can be seen in terms of Gun-trip's "return to the womb" wishes, and so passive that it can be seen as a nearly pure form o Freud's death drive--the drive toward total quiescence and dissolution. I have associated the differences between the two films with changes in society in the past decades, and especially with changes in traditionally conceived gender roles and their associated senses of gender identity. Finally, I have suggested that we view these historical changes not as signs of societal regression but as the beginnings of the failure of one set of defense mechanisms that can possibly allow an opening to try out new strategies.

Domain structure of epitaxial SrRu O3 thin films

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Herranz, G.; Sánchez, F.; Fontcuberta, J.; García-Cuenca, M. V.; Ferrater, C.; Varela, M.; Angelova, T.; Cros, A.; Cantarero, A.

2005-05-01

Growth of multidomains in epitaxial thin-film oxides is known to have a detrimental effect on some functional properties, and, thus, efforts are done to suppress them. It is commonly accepted that optimal properties of the metallic and ferromagnetic SrRuO3 (SRO) epitaxies can only be obtained if vicinal SrTiO3 (001) (STO) substrates are used. It is believed that this results from the suppression of multidomain structure in the SRO film. Here we revise this important issue. Nanometric films of SRO have been grown on STO(001) vicinal substrates with miscut (θV) angles in the ˜0.04°-4° range. Extensive structural analysis by x-ray-reciprocal space maps and μ -Raman spectroscopy indicates that single-domain, orthorhombic, SRO films are already obtained on the almost singular (θV≈0.1°) substrate, and, thus, substrates with large miscut angles are not required to grow twin-free films. In spite of this, transport properties are found to be optimized for films grown on vicinal substrates (θV⩾2°) . We claim that this is the result of the change of the growth mode and the resulting film morphology rather than the change of the domain structure. These findings drive the attention to the relevance of the growth mechanism at the initial stages of film growth, and we discuss its implications in other areas of oxide epitaxies. Moreover, we show that in clamped epitaxies on cubic substrates, in spite of isotropic biaxial substrate-induced strains, films may have an in-plane orthorhombic symmetry which results from the internal degree of freedom defined by rotations of the oxygen octahedrons.

Effect of ultraviolet light on fatigue of lead zirconate titanate thin-film capacitors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lee, J.; Esayan, S.; Safari, A.; Ramesh, R.

1994-07-01

Fatigue of Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 (PZT) thin-film capacitors was studied under UV light (He-Cd laser, λ=325 nm). The remanent polarization of the PZT film capacitors increased upon light illumination. Fatigue resistance was also improved under UV light. During fatigue test, the change in polarization of PZT films upon UV light illumination increased gradually with cycling. These results were examined within the framework of the polarization screening model, which is suggested as an essential process for fatigue. This leads to a conclusion that more charged defects are involved in the fatigue process through internal screening of polarization.

Radiation response of cubic mesoporous silicate and borosilicate thin films

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Manzini, Ayelén; Alurralde, Martín; Luca, Vittorio

2018-01-01

The radiation response has been studied of cubic mesoporous silicate and borosilicate thin films having different boron contents prepared using the block copolymer template Brij 58 and the dip coating technique. The degree of pore ordering of the films was analysed using low-angle X-ray diffraction and film thickness measured by X-ray reflectivity. For films calcined at 350 °C, the incorporation of boron resulted in a reproducible oscillatory variation in the d-spacing and intensity of the primary reflection as a function of boron content. A clear peak was observed in the d-spacing at 5-10 mol% boron incorporation. For borosilicate films of a given composition an overall suppression of d-spacing was observed as a function of aging time relative to films that did not contain boron. This was ascribed to a slow condensation process. The films were irradiated in pile with neutrons and with iodine ions at energies of 180 keV and 70 MeV. Neutron irradiation of the silicate thin films for periods up to 30 days and aged for 400 days resulted in little reduction in either d-spacing or intensity of the primary low-angle X-ray reflection indicating that the films retained their mesopore ordering. In contrast borosilicate films for which the B (n, α) reaction was expected to result in enhanced displacement damage showed much larger variations in X-ray parameters. For these films short irradiation times resulted in a reduction of the d-spacing and intensity of the primary reflections considerably beyond that observed through aging. It is concluded that prolonged neutron irradiation and internal α irradiation have only a small, although measurable, impact on mesoporous borosilicate thin films increasing the degree of condensation and increasing unit cell contraction. When these borosilicate films were irradiated with iodine ions, more profound changes occurred. The pore ordering of the films was significantly degraded when low energy ions were used. In some cases the degree

Film and membrane-model thermodynamics of free thin liquid films.

PubMed

Radke, C J

2015-07-01

In spite of over 7 decades of effort, the thermodynamics of thin free liquid films (as in emulsions and foams) lacks clarity. Following a brief review of the meaning and measurement of thin-film forces (i.e., conjoining/disjoining pressures), we offer a consistent analysis of thin-film thermodynamics. By carefully defining film reversible work, two distinct thermodynamic formalisms emerge: a film model with two zero-volume membranes each of film tension γ(f) and a membrane model with a single zero-volume membrane of membrane tension 2γ(m). In both models, detailed thermodynamic analysis gives rise to thin-film Gibbs adsorption equations that allow calculation of film and membrane tensions from measurements of disjoining-pressure isotherms. A modified Young-Laplace equation arises in the film model to calculate film-thickness profiles from the film center to the surrounding bulk meniscus. No corresponding relation exists in the membrane model. Illustrative calculations of disjoining-pressure isotherms for water are presented using square-gradient theory. We report considerable deviations from Hamaker theory for films less than about 3 nm in thickness. Such thin films are considerably more attractive than in classical Hamaker theory. Available molecular simulations reinforce this finding. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The influence of boron doping level on quality and stability of diamond film on Ti substrate

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wei, J. J.; Li, Ch. M.; Gao, X. H.; Hei, L. F.; Lvun, F. X.

2012-07-01

In this study, we investigate the influence of boron doping level on film quality and stability of boron doped diamond (BDD) film deposited on titanium substrate (Ti/BDD) using microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition system. The results demonstrate that high boron concentration will improve the film conductivity, whereas the diamond film quality and adhesion are deteriorated obviously. The increase of total internal stress in the film and the variation of components within the interlayer will weaken the coating adhesion. According to the analysis of electrode inactivation mechanism, high boron doping level will be harmful to the electrode stability in the view of diamond quality and adhesion deterioration. In this study, 5000 ppm B/C ratio in the reaction gas is optimized for Ti/BDD electrode preparation.

Metallurgical coatings and thin films; Proceedings of the International Conference, 18th, San Diego, CA, Apr. 22-26, 1991. Vols. 1 & 2

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mcguire, Gary E. (Editor); Mcintyre, Dale C. (Editor); Hofmann, Siegfried (Editor)

1991-01-01

A conference on metallurgical coatings and thin films produced papers in the areas of coatings for use at high temperatures; hard coatings and deposition technologies; diamonds and related materials; tribological coatings/surface modifications; thin films for microelectronics and high temperature superconductors; optical coatings, film characterization, magneto-optics, and guided waves; and methods for characterizing films and modified surfaces.

Low-cost thin-film absorber/evaporator for an absorption chiller. Final report, May 1992-April 1993

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lowenstein, A.; Sibilia, M.

1993-04-01

The feasibility of making the absorber and evaporator of a small lithium-bromide absorption chiller from thin plastic films was studied. Tests were performed to measure (1) pressure limitations for a plastic thin-film heat exchanger, (2) flow pressure-drop characteristics, (3) air permeation rates across the plastic films, and (4) creep characteristics of the plastic films. Initial tests were performed on heat exchangers made of either low-density polyethylene (LDPE), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), or a LDPE/HDPE blend. While initial designs for the heat exchanger failed at internal pressures of only 5 to 6 psi, the final design could withstand pressures of 34 psi.

Development and characterization of reduced graphene oxide films for transient electronics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sheikh, Rasel; Bhatkar, Omkar; Smith, David; Rizvi, Reza

2018-03-01

Emerging interests in hardware security as well as environmental concerns have given rise to the field of transient or temporary electronics, which can be decommissioned by an external stimulus with minimal impact to the surrounding environment. In this study, an all graphene based film is produced by a one-step deposition process. The conversion of graphene oxide (GO) to reduced graphene oxide (rGO) depends on an interfacial reduction reaction. Control of processing conditions such as the underlying substrate, pH of GO and the film drying environment results in an ability to tailor the internal architecture of the films and their electronic properties. Furthermore, the ability to create masks for selective reduction of GO during deposition was also demonstrated, which was used to create intricate yet well-defined patterns and connections required in electronic circuits and devices. All graphene based freestanding films with selectively reduced GO were used in transient electronics application as circuitry and RFID tag patterns.

Growth of epitaxial Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 films by pulsed laser deposition

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lee, J.; Safari, A.; Pfeffer, R. L.

1992-10-01

Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin films with a composition near the morphotropic phase boundary have been grown on MgO (100) and Y1Ba2Cu3Ox (YBCO) coated MgO substrates. Substrate temperature and oxygen pressure were varied to achieve ferroelectric films with a perovskite structure. Films grown on MgO had the perovskite structure with an epitaxial relationship with the MgO substrate. On the other hand, films grown on the YBCO/MgO substrate had an oriented structure to the surface normal with a misorientation in the plane parallel to the surface. The measured dielectric constant and loss tangent at 1 kHz were 670 and 0.05, respectively. The remnant polarization and coercive field were 42 μC/cm2 and 53 kV/cm. A large internal bias field (12 kV/cm) was observed in the as-deposited state of the undoped PZT films.

Biodegradation of PVP-CMC hydrogel film: a useful food packaging material.

PubMed

Roy, Niladri; Saha, Nabanita; Kitano, Takeshi; Saha, Petr

2012-06-20

Hydrogels can offer new opportunities for the design of efficient packaging materials with desirable properties (i.e. durability, biodegradability and mechanical strength). It is a promising and emerging concept, as most of the biopolymer based hydrogels are supposed to be biodegradable, they can be considered as alternative eco-friendly packaging materials. This article reports about synthetic (polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)) and biopolymer (carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)) based a novel hydrogel film and its nature of biodegradability under controlled environmental condition. The dry hydrogel films were prepared by solution casting method and designated as 'PVP-CMC hydrogel films'. The hydrogel film containing PVP and CMC in a ratio of 20:80 shows best mechanical properties among all the test samples (i.e. 10:90, 20:80, 50:50, 80:20 and 90:10). Thus, PVP-CMC hydrogel film of 20:80 was considered as a useful food packaging material and further experiments were carried out with this particular hydrogel film. Biodegradation of the PVP-CMC hydrogel films were studied in liquid state (Czapec-Dox liquid medium+soil extracts) until 8 weeks. Variation in mechanical, viscoelastic properties and weight loss of the hydrogel films with time provide the direct evidence of biodegradation of the hydrogels. About 38% weight loss was observed within 8 weeks. FTIR spectra of the hydrogel films (before and after biodegradation) show shifts of the peaks and also change in the peak intensities, which refer to the physico-chemical change in the hydrogel structure and SEM views of the hydrogels show how internal structure of the PVP-CMC film changes in the course of biodegradation. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Improving Durability of Turbine Components Through Trenched Film Cooling and Contoured Endwalls

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bogard, David G.; Thole, Karen A.

2014-09-30

The experimental and computational studies of the turbine endwall and vane models completed in this research program have provided a comprehensive understanding of turbine cooling with combined film cooling and TBC. To correctly simulate the cooling effects of TBC requires the use of matched Biot number models, a technique developed in our laboratories. This technique allows for the measurement of the overall cooling effectiveness which is a measure of the combined internal and external cooling for a turbine component. The overall cooling effectiveness provides an indication of the actual metal temperature that would occur at engine conditions, and is hencemore » a more powerful performance indicator than the film effectiveness parameter that is commonly used for film cooling studies. Furthermore these studies include the effects of contaminant depositions which are expected to occur when gas turbines are operated with syngas fuels. Results from the endwall studies performed at Penn State University and the vane model studies performed at the University of Texas are the first direct measurements of the combined effects of film cooling and TBC. These results show that TBC has a dominating effect on the overall cooling effectiveness, which enhances the importance of the internal cooling mechanisms, and downplays the importance of the film cooling of the external surface. The TBC was found to increase overall cooling effectiveness by a factor of two to four. When combined with TBC, the primary cooling from film cooling holes was found to be due to the convective cooling within the holes, not from the film effectiveness on the surface of the TBC. Simulations of the deposition of contaminants on the endwall and vane surfaces showed that these depositions caused a large increase in surface roughness and significant degradation of film effectiveness. However, despite these negative factors, the depositions caused only a slight decrease in the overall cooling

Controllable strain-induced uniaxial anisotropy of Fe{sub 81}Ga{sub 19} films deposited on flexible bowed-substrates

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dai, Guohong; Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201; School of Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031

2013-11-07

We propose a convenient method to induce a uniaxial anisotropy in magnetostrictive Fe{sub 81}Ga{sub 19} films grown on flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates by bending the substrate prior to deposition. A tensile/compressive stress is induced in the Fe{sub 81}Ga{sub 19} films when PET substrates are shaped from concave/convex to flat after deposition. The stressed Fe{sub 81}Ga{sub 19} films exhibit a significant uniaxial magnetic anisotropy due to the internal stress arising from changes in shape of PET substrates. The easy axis is along the tensile stress direction and the coercive field along easy axis is increased with increasing the internal tensilemore » stress. The remanence of hard axis is decreased with increasing the compressive stress, while the coercive field is almost unchanged. A modified Stoner-Wohlfarth model with considering the distribution of easy axes in polycrystalline films is used to account for the magnetic properties tuned by the strain-controlled magnetoelastic anisotropy in flexible Fe{sub 81}Ga{sub 19} films. Our investigations provide a convenient way to induce uniaxial magnetic anisotropy, which is particularly important for fabricating flexible magnetoelectronic devices.« less

The calculation of band gap energy in zinc oxide films

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Arif, Ali; Belahssen, Okba; Gareh, Salim; Benramache, Said

2015-01-01

We investigated the optical properties of undoped zinc oxide thin films as the n-type semiconductor; the thin films were deposited at different precursor molarities by ultrasonic spray and spray pyrolysis techniques. The thin films were deposited at different substrate temperatures ranging between 200 and 500 °C. In this paper, we present a new approach to control the optical gap energy of ZnO thin films by concentration of the ZnO solution and substrate temperatures from experimental data, which were published in international journals. The model proposed to calculate the band gap energy with the Urbach energy was investigated. The relation between the experimental data and theoretical calculation suggests that the band gap energies are predominantly estimated by the Urbach energies, film transparency, and concentration of the ZnO solution and substrate temperatures. The measurements by these proposal models are in qualitative agreements with the experimental data; the correlation coefficient values were varied in the range 0.96-0.99999, indicating high quality representation of data based on Equation (2), so that the relative errors of all calculation are smaller than 4%. Thus, one can suppose that the undoped ZnO thin films are chemically purer and have many fewer defects and less disorder owing to an almost complete chemical decomposition and contained higher optical band gap energy.

The Edinburgh CT and genetic diagnostic criteria for lobar intracerebral haemorrhage associated with cerebral amyloid angiopathy: model development and diagnostic test accuracy study.

PubMed

Rodrigues, Mark A; Samarasekera, Neshika; Lerpiniere, Christine; Humphreys, Catherine; McCarron, Mark O; White, Philip M; Nicoll, James A R; Sudlow, Cathie L M; Cordonnier, Charlotte; Wardlaw, Joanna M; Smith, Colin; Al-Shahi Salman, Rustam

2018-03-01

intracerebral haemorrhage using these three variables had excellent discrimination (c statistic 0·92, 95% CI 0·86-0·98), confirmed by internal validation. For the rule-out criteria, neither subarachnoid haemorrhage nor APOE ɛ4 possession had 100% sensitivity (95% CI 88-100). For the rule-in criteria, subarachnoid haemorrhage and either APOE ɛ4 possession or finger-like projections had 96% specificity (95% CI 78-100). The CT and APOE genotype prediction model for CAA-associated lobar intracerebral haemorrhage shows excellent discrimination in this cohort, but requires external validation. The Edinburgh rule-in and rule-out diagnostic criteria might inform prognostic and therapeutic decisions that depend on identification of CAA-associated lobar intracerebral haemorrhage. UK Medical Research Council, The Stroke Association, and The Wellcome Trust. Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

Self-Supported Crack-Free Conducting Polymer Films with Stabilized Wrinkling Patterns and Their Applications

PubMed Central

Xie, Jixun; Han, Xue; Ji, Haipeng; Wang, Juanjuan; Zhao, Jingxin; Lu, Conghua

2016-01-01

Self-supported conducting polymer films with controlled microarchitectures are highly attractive from fundamental and applied points of view. Here a versatile strategy is demonstrated to fabricate thin free-standing crack-free polyaniline (PANI)-based films with stable wrinkling patterns. It is based on oxidization polymerization of pyrrole inside a pre-wrinkled PANI film, in which the wrinkled PANI film is used both as a template and oxidizing agent for the first time. The subsequently grown polypyrrole (PPy) and the formation of interpenetrated PANI/PPy networks play a decisive role in enhancing the film integrity and the stability of wrinkles. This enhancing effect is attributed to the modification of internal stresses by the interpenetrated PANI/PPy microstructures. Consequently, a crack-free film with stable controlled wrinkles such as the wavelength, orientation and spatial location has been achieved. Moreover, the wrinkling PANI/PPy film can be removed from the initially deposited substrate to become free-standing. It can be further transferred onto target substrates to fabricate hierarchical patterns and functional devices such as flexible electrodes, gas sensors, and surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrates. This simple universal enhancing strategy has been extended to fabrication of other PANI-based composite systems with crack-free film integrity and stabilized surface patterns, irrespective of pattern types and film geometries. PMID:27827459

Single-layer nano-carbon film, diamond film, and diamond/nano-carbon composite film field emission performance comparison

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wang, Xiaoping, E-mail: wxpchina64@aliyun.com, E-mail: wxpchina@sohu.com; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, Shanghai 200093; Wang, Jinye

A series of single-layer nano-carbon (SNC) films, diamond films, and diamond/nano-carbon (D/NC) composite films have been prepared on the highly doped silicon substrate by using microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition techniques. The films were characterised by scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and field emission I-V measurements. The experimental results indicated that the field emission maximum current density of D/NC composite films is 11.8–17.8 times that of diamond films. And the field emission current density of D/NC composite films is 2.9–5 times that of SNC films at an electric field of 3.0 V/μm. At the same time, the D/NC composite film exhibitsmore » the advantage of improved reproducibility and long term stability (both of the nano-carbon film within the D/NC composite cathode and the SNC cathode were prepared under the same experimental conditions). And for the D/NC composite sample, a high current density of 10 mA/cm{sup 2} at an electric field of 3.0 V/μm was obtained. Diamond layer can effectively improve the field emission characteristics of nano-carbon film. The reason may be due to the diamond film acts as the electron acceleration layer.« less

Mechanical and optoelectric properties of post-annealed fluorine-doped tin oxide films by ultraviolet laser irradiation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tseng, Shih-Feng; Hsiao, Wen-Tse; Chiang, Donyau; Huang, Kuo-Cheng; Chou, Chang-Pin

2011-06-01

The fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) thin film deposited on a soda-lime glass substrate was annealed by a defocus ultraviolet (UV) laser irradiation at ambient temperature. The mechanical and optoelectric properties of FTO films annealed by using the various laser processing parameters were reported. After the FTO films were subjected to laser post-annealing, the microhardness were slightly less but the reduced modulus values were larger than that of unannealed FTO films, respectively. The average optical transmittance in the visible waveband slightly increased with increasing the laser annealing energy and scan speed. Moreover, all the sheet resistance of laser annealed films was less than that of the unannealed ones. We found that the sheet resistance decrease was obviously influenced by annealing. The suitable annealing conditions could maintain the film thickness and relief the internal stress generated in the film preparation process to improve the electrical conductivity via decreasing laser energy or increasing scan speed.

Controlled laser delivery into biological tissue via thin-film optical tunneling and refraction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Whiteside, Paul J. D.; Goldschmidt, Benjamin S.; Curry, Randy; Viator, John A.

2015-02-01

Due to the often extreme energies employed, contemporary methods of laser delivery utilized in clinical dermatology allow for a dangerous amount of high-intensity laser light to reflect off a multitude of surfaces, including the patient's own skin. Such techniques consistently represent a clear and present threat to both patients and practitioners alike. The intention of this work was therefore to develop a technique that mitigates this problem by coupling the light directly into the tissue via physical contact with an optical waveguide. In this manner, planar waveguides cladded in silver with thin-film active areas were used to illuminate agar tissue phantoms with nanosecond-pulsed laser light at 532nm. The light then either refracted or optically tunneled through the active area, photoacoustically generating ultrasonic waves within the phantom, whose peak-to-peak intensity directly correlated to the internal reflection angle of the beam. Consequently, angular spectra for energy delivery were recorded for sub-wavelength silver and titanium films of variable thickness. Optimal energy delivery was achieved for internal reflection angles ranging from 43 to 50 degrees, depending on the active area and thin film geometries, with titanium films consistently delivering more energy across the entire angular spectrum due to their relatively high refractive index. The technique demonstrated herein therefore not only represents a viable method of energy delivery for biological tissue while minimizing the possibility for stray light, but also demonstrates the possibility for utilizing thin films of high refractive index metals to redirect light out of an optical waveguide.

Automation of film densitometry for application in personal monitoring.

PubMed

Taheri, M; Movafeghi, A; Rastkhah, N

2011-03-01

In this research work, a semi-automatic densitometry system has been developed for large-scale monitoring services by use of film badge dosemeters. The system consists of a charge-coupled device (CCD)-based scanner that can scan optical densities (ODs) up to 4.2, a computer vision algorithm to improve the quality of digitised films and an analyser program to calculate the necessary information, e.g. the mean OD of region of interest and radiation doses. For calibration of the system, two reference films were used. The Microtek scanner International Color Consortium (ICC) profiler is applied for determining the colour attributes of the scanner accurately and a reference of the density step tablet, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und-prüfung (BAM) is used for calibrating the automatic conversion of gray-level values to OD values in the range of 0.2-4.0 OD. The system contributes to achieve more objectives and reliable results. So by applying this system, we can digitise a set of 20 films at once and calculate their relative doses less than about 4 min, and meanwhile it causes to avoid disadvantages of manual process and to enhance the accuracy of dosimetry.

Cracking and Exfoliation of TiO2 Film Irradiated with Excimer Laser

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Qian, H. X.; Zhou, W.; Zheng, H. Y.

TiO2 film deposited on glass was irradiated in air with single-shot KrF excimer laser pulse. The surface roughened as the result of the laser ablation. It is further noted that single-pulse irradiation with fluence ranging from 400 to 1200 mJ/cm2 gave rise to protrusion of the irradiated surface above the original surface, which is in contrast to usual expectation that irradiated surface is below the unirradiated surface. The surface protrusion is mainly attributed to the effect of surface tension. At the laser fluence of 1000 mJ/cm2, cracks were formed in the irradiated area and severe film exfoliation was observed at the periphery of the irradiated area due to the release of internal stress. With higher laser fluence above 1000 mJ/cm2, patches of film were observed to peel off within the irradiated areas. Hydrodynamic ablation is proposed to account for film exfoliation. The observed phenomenon is useful for further understanding how TiO2 film reacts to strong UV laser irradiation.

Perpendicularly magnetized YIG-film resonators and waveguides with high operating power

DOE PAGES

Balinskiy, M.; Mongolov, B.; Gutierrez, D.; ...

2016-12-27

We propose a novel technique for building YIG film-based resonators and waveguides for high power operating microwave devices. Our approach is based on the effect of total internal reflection (TIR) at the interface between the non-metalized and metalized regions of YIG film, which take place for forward volume magnetostatic spin waves in perpendicularly magnetized YIG films. Prototype resonators and waveguides were designed, fabricated, and tested. The obtained experimental data demonstrate high quality factor of 50 dB and a high power operation up to +15 dBm in the frequency range from 1.8 GHz to 5.1 GHz. Application of such resonators andmore » waveguides in electrically tunable microwave oscillators promises an extremely low phase noises about - 135 dB/Hz at 10 kHz offset.« less

Leaf gas films delay salt entry and enhance underwater photosynthesis and internal aeration of Melilotus siculus submerged in saline water.

PubMed

Teakle, Natasha Lea; Colmer, Timothy David; Pedersen, Ole

2014-10-01

A combination of flooding and salinity is detrimental to most plants. We studied tolerance of complete submergence in saline water for Melilotus siculus, an annual legume with superhydrophobic leaf surfaces that retain gas films when under water. M. siculus survived complete submergence of 1 week at low salinity (up to 50 mol m(-3) NaCl), but did not recover following de-submergence from 100 mol m(-3) NaCl. The leaf gas films protected against direct salt ingress into the leaves when submerged in saline water, enabling underwater photosynthesis even after 3 d of complete submergence. By contrast, leaves with the gas films experimentally removed suffered from substantial Na(+) and Cl(-) intrusion and lost the capacity for underwater photosynthesis. Similarly, plants in saline water and without gas films lost more K(+) than those with intact gas films. This study has demonstrated that leaf gas films reduce Na(+) and Cl(-) ingress into leaves when submerged by saline water - the thin gas layer physically separates the floodwater from the leaf surface. This feature aids survival of plants exposed to short-term saline submergence, as well as the previously recognized beneficial effects of gas exchange under water. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Brand appearances in contemporary cinema films and contribution to global marketing of cigarettes.

PubMed

Sargent, J D; Tickle, J J; Beach, M L; Dalton, M A; Ahrens, M B; Heatherton, T F

2001-01-06

The appearance of a cigarette brand in a cinema film gives the brand a certain distinction through its association with the characters and general tone of the film. Through the worldwide distribution of films, brands are promoted globally. We assessed the tobacco-brand appearances in a 10-year sample of contemporary films. We viewed the contents of the top 25 US box-office films for each year of release, from 1988 to 1997 (250 films in total). We compared the prevalence of brand appearances for films produced before a voluntary ban on paid product placement by the tobacco industry (1988-90) with films produced after the ban (1991-97). Tobacco-brand appearance was defined as the screen appearance of a brand name, logo, or identifiable trademark on products or product packaging, billboards, store-front advertising, or tobacco promotional items. We defined actor endorsement of a brand as the display of a brand while being handled or used by an actor. More than 85% of the films contained tobacco use. Tobacco brands appeared in 70 (28%) films. Brand appearances were as common in films suitable for adolescent audiences as they were in films for adult audiences (32 vs 35%), and were also present in 20% of those rated for children. Prevalence of brand appearance did not change overall in relation to the ban. However, there was a striking increase in the type of brand appearance depicted, with actor endorsement increasing from 1% of films before the ban to 11% after. Four US cigarette brands accounted for 80% of brand appearances. Revenues outside the USA accounted for 49% of total revenues for these films, indicating a large international audience. Tobacco-brand appearances are common in films and are becoming increasingly endorsed by actors. The most highly advertised US cigarette brands account for most brand appearances, which suggests an advertising motive to this practice.

Film and History.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schaber, Robin L.

2002-01-01

Provides an annotated bibliography of Web sites that focus on using film to teach history. Includes Web sites in five areas: (1) film and education; (2) history of cinema; (3) film and history resources; (4) film and women; and (5) film organizations. (CMK)

Control of Flowing Liquid Films By Electrostatic Fields in Space

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bankoff, S. George; Miksis, Michael J.; Kim, Hyo

1996-01-01

A novel type of lightweight space radiator has been proposed which employs internal electrostatic fields to stop coolant leaks from punctures caused by micrometeorites or space debris. Extensive calculations have indicated the feasibility of leak stoppage without film destabilization for both stationary and rotating designs. Solutions of the evolution equation for a liquid-metal film on an inclined plate, using lubrication theory for low Reynolds numbers, Karman-Pohlhausen quadratic velocity profiles for higher Reynolds numbers, and a direct numerical solution are shown. For verification an earth-based falling-film experiment on a precisely-vertical wall with controllable vacuum on either side of a small puncture is proposed. The pressure difference required to start and to stop the leak, in the presence and absence of a strong electric field, will be measured and compared with calculations. Various parameters, such as field strength, film Reynolds number, contact angle, and hole diameter will be examined. A theoretical analysis will be made of the case where the electrode is close enough to the film surface that the electric field equation and the surface dynamics equations are coupled. Preflight design calculations will be made in order to transfer the modified equipment to a flight experiment.

Drop dynamics on a thin film: Thin film rupture

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Carlson, Andreas; Kim, Pilnam; Stone, Howard A.

2011-11-01

The spreading of a water drop on an oil film that covers a solid substrate is a common event in many industrial processes. We study in experiments the dynamics of a water drop on a thin silicone oil film and quantify its interaction with the solid substrate that supports the film. The oil film becomes unstable and ruptures for solids that are hydrophilic. We determine the ``waiting time,'' the time it takes the water drop to drain the silicone film. This timescale is found to highly depend on how well water wets the solid, illustrating the interplay between intermolecular and hydrodynamic forces in the phenomenon. A phase diagram for the thin film stability is extracted based on waters equilibrium contact angle on the solid, which shows that we can either promote or inhibit de-wetting. As water comes in direct contact with the solid, it spreads and peels off the silicone film. We show the influence of viscosity, equilibrium contact angle and film height on the opening radius of the hole formed as the solid de-wets.

Homosexual men (and lesbian men) in a heterosexual genre: three gangster films from Hong Kong.

PubMed

Grossman, A

2000-01-01

Of the East Asian film genres that have captured the attention of film goers internationally, it should be of little surprise that martial and heroically masculine genres have been the most popular, for violent action translates well into any language. Although it has been no secret that male martiality often leaks into homoerotic desire (on the part of the audience, too), three Hong Kong films from 1998 have finally explicated the generic homosexuality that the action genre has been (defensively) ashamed to admit all along. However, rather than posit this textual homosexuality as transgressive, the generic forces under which these films operate rewrite their homosexualities, both gay and lesbian, into generic modes fashioned around regressive oppositions of gender, and not progressive liberations of sexuality.

Managing pregnant women with serious mental illness: using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale as a marker of anxiety and depressive symptoms.

PubMed

Nguyen, Thinh N; Faulkner, Deb; Allen, Suzanna; Hauck, Yvonne L; Frayne, Jacqueline; Rock, Daniel; Rampono, Jonathan

2010-11-01

To examine the course of depressive and anxiety symptoms using serial measurements of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) in pregnant women with serious mental illness (SMI) attending a specialist multi-disciplinary antenatal clinic in Perth, Western Australia. A retrospective review of case notes was undertaken for 48 Western Australian pregnant women with schizophrenia and related psychoses and bipolar affective disorders who attended the Childbirth and Mental Illness (CAMI) antenatal clinic between December 2007 and November 2009. Of these patients, 27 completed the EPDS at booking (first appointment) and at 32 weeks gestation. Additional variables collected were demographic data, gestation at booking, and attendance rates for these 27 women, and for comparison another 21 women who did not complete the EPDS for one or both screening periods. Mean total EPDS score decreased from 12.2 (SD 7.6) at booking to 8.5 (SD 6.4) at 32 weeks gestation (p = 0.007). Overall mean attendance rates and number of appointments were similar to the non-SMI population and in keeping with standard guidelines. We speculate from these preliminary findings that being managed by a consistent small multi-disciplinary team and knowing that they will be supported throughout their pregnancy could lead to improvement of anxiety and depressive symptoms in pregnant women with SMI, and has the potential to increase their attendance for antenatal care.

Epitaxial Bi2 FeCrO6 Multiferroic Thin Film as a New Visible Light Absorbing Photocathode Material.

PubMed

Li, Shun; AlOtaibi, Bandar; Huang, Wei; Mi, Zetian; Serpone, Nick; Nechache, Riad; Rosei, Federico

2015-08-26

Ferroelectric materials have been studied increasingly for solar energy conversion technologies due to the efficient charge separation driven by the polarization induced internal electric field. However, their insufficient conversion efficiency is still a major challenge. Here, a photocathode material of epitaxial double perovskite Bi(2) FeCrO(6) multiferroic thin film is reported with a suitable conduction band position and small bandgap (1.9-2.1 eV), for visible-light-driven reduction of water to hydrogen. Photoelectrochemical measurements show that the highest photocurrent density up to -1.02 mA cm(-2) at a potential of -0.97 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode is obtained in p-type Bi(2) FeCrO(6) thin film photocathode grown on SrTiO(3) substrate under AM 1.5G simulated sunlight. In addition, a twofold enhancement of photocurrent density is obtained after negatively poling the Bi(2) FeCrO(6) thin film, as a result of modulation of the band structure by suitable control of the internal electric field gradient originating from the ferroelectric polarization in the Bi(2) FeCrO(6) films. The findings validate the use of multiferroic Bi(2) FeCrO(6) thin films as photocathode materials, and also prove that the manipulation of internal fields through polarization in ferroelectric materials is a promising strategy for the design of improved photoelectrodes and smart devices for solar energy conversion. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Contemporary Films' Mini Course on Film Study.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schillaci, Peter

This minicourse on film study can be a unit in English, in arts, or in the humanities. It can help to launch a film study course or complement an introduction to theater. Whatever form it takes, it helps to build a bridge to the student's media environment. Part one, the language of images, utilizes four films which demonstrate the basic elements…

Oxygen and relative humidity monitoring with films tailored for enhanced photoluminescence

DOE PAGES

Cui, Weipan; Liu, Rui; Manna, Eeshita; ...

2014-10-31

In this study, approaches to generate porous or doped sensing films, which significantly enhance the photoluminescence (PL) of oxygen optical sensors, and thus improve the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio, are presented. Tailored films, which enable monitoring the relative humidity (RH) as well, are also presented. Effective porous structures, in which the O 2-sensitive dye Pt octaethylporphyrin (PtOEP) or the Pd analog PdOEP was embedded, were realized by first generating blend films of polyethylene glycol (PEG) with polystyrene (PS) or with ethyl cellulose (EC), and then immersing the dried films in water to remove the water-soluble PEG. This approach creates pores (voids)more » in the sensing films. The dielectric contrast between the films’ constituents and the voids increases photon scattering, which in turn increases the optical path of the excitation light within the film, and hence light absorption by the dye, and its PL. Optimized sensing films with a PEG:PS ratio of 1:4 (PEG’s molecular weight M w ~8000) led to ~4.4× enhancement in the PL (in comparison to PS films). Lower M w ~200 PEG with a PEG:EC ratio of 1:1 led to a PL enhancement of ~4.7×. Film-dependent PL enhancements were observed at all oxygen concentrations. The strong PL enhancement enables (i) using lower dye (luminophore) concentrations, (ii) reducing power consumption and enhancing the sensor’s operational lifetime when using organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) as excitation sources, (iii) improving performance when using compact photodetectors with no internal gain, and (iv) reliably extending the dynamic range.« less

Avoidable iatrogenic complications of male urethral catheterisation and inadequate intern training: a 4-year follow-up post implementation of an intern training programme.

PubMed

Sullivan, J F; Forde, J C; Thomas, A Z; Creagh, T A

2015-02-01

To assess the impact of a structured training programme in urethral catheterisation (UC) targeted at newly qualified junior doctors on rates of iatrogenic catheter morbidity within a tertiary care referral centre. Male UC-related morbidities were retrospectively identified from our computerised inpatient urology consultation system over a 1-year period from July 2010 to June 2011. Relevant medical records were also reviewed. Results were compared with an initial study performed between July 2006 and June 2007, prior the introduction of a structured training programme in our institution. An anonymous questionnaire was used for the subjective assessment of interns about confidence in catheterising post introduction of the programme. Of 725 urological consultations, 29 (4%) were related to complications arising from male UC during the 1 year period. This reflected a statistically significant decrease when compared to our 2007 figures, 51/864 (6%) (p < 0.05). Again, the most common indication for UC was monitoring urinary output for acute medical illness (19/29, 66%). The most common complication was urethral trauma (16/29, 55%). Of the 29 cases of UC-related morbidity, 18 (62%) resulted from interns performing UC, a decrease of 12% from our original paper. A drop of 27% was seen in the rates of UC related morbidity attributable to interns during the first 6 months of internship (July-December). Overall, 70% (vs 40% original study) of interns felt that their practical training was adequate since introduction of the programme (p < 0.01) with 53% considering theoretical training adequate (vs 16% original study (p < 0.01). When asked were they confident in performing UC, 63% said they were compared to 35% before introduction of the programme (p < 0.05). UC-related iatrogenic morbidity is not uncommon even in a tertiary-care teaching hospital. Implementation of a structured training programme in UC prior to the commencement of intern year has been shown to result

Element remobilization, "internal P-loading," and sediment-P reactivity researched by DGT (diffusive gradients in thin films) technique.

PubMed

Wu, Zhihao; Wang, Shengrui; He, Mengchang; Zhang, Li; Jiao, Lixin

2015-10-01

Labile P, Fe, and sulfide with the high spatial resolution in sediment porewater of five sites (A-E) of Dianchi Lake (China) were measured at same locations using AgI/Chelex-100, Chelex-100, and ferrihydrite DGT (diffusive gradients in thin films) probes. DGT derived P/Fe/S concentrations in sediment porewater on millimeter or sub-millimeter scale in order to reveal the element remobilization process and the mechanism of "internal P-loading" of sediments in Dianchi Lake. Decomposition of alga biomass in the uppermost sediment layer and the reductive dissolution of Fe-bound P in the anoxic sediment were the two main processes causing P release. A dynamic numerical model-DIFS (DGT-induced flux in sediments) was used to assess sediment-P reactivity (capacity of solid pool and rate of transfer) and P release risk by kinetic parameter-T C (1089∼20,450 s), distribution coefficient-K d (167.09∼502.0 cm(3) g(-1)), resupply parameter-R (from 0.242 to 0.518), and changes of dissolved/sorbed concentration, R and M at the microzone of DGT/porewater/sediment.

Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, M.; Safari, A.; Kingon, A.; Haertling, G.

1993-02-01

The eighth International Symposium on the Applications of Ferroelectrics was held in Greenville, SC, on August 30 to Sept 2, 1992. It was attended by approximately 260 scientists and engineers who presented nearly 200 oral and poster papers. The three plenary presentations covered ferroelectric materials which are currently moving into commercial exploitation or have strong potential to do so. These were (1) pyroelectric imaging, (2) ferroelectric materials integrated with silicon for use as micromotors and microsensors and (3) research activity in Japan on high permittivity materials for DRAM's. Invited papers covered such subjects as pyroelectric and electrooptic properties of thin films, photorefractive effects, ferroelectric polymers, piezoelectric transducers, processing of ferroelectrics, domain switching in ferroelectrics, thin film memories, thin film vacuum deposition techniques and the fabrication of chemically prepared PZT and PLZT thin films. The papers continued to reflect the large interest in ferroelectric thin films. It was encouraging that there have been substantial strides made in both the processing and understanding of the films in the last two years. It was equally clear, however, that much still remains to be done before reliable thin film devices will be available in the marketplace.

The use of the edinburgh postpartum depression scale in a population of teenager pregnant women in Mexico: a validation study.

PubMed

Alvarado-Esquivel, Cosme; Sifuentes-Alvarez, Antonio; Salas-Martinez, Carlos

2014-01-01

:Depression may occur in teenager pregnant women. The use of a validated tool for screening depression is highly recommended. The Edinburgh postnatal depression scale (EPDS) is a screening tool for depression used in women during the postnatal period and pregnancy. However, the EPDS has not been validated in teenager pregnant women. Therefore, we sought to validate a Spanish translated Mexican version of the EPDS in a population of teenager pregnant women. One hundred and twenty teenager pregnant women attending routine prenatal consultations in a public hospital in Durango City, Mexico participated in the study. All participants submitted a revised Spanish translated Mexican version of the EPDS and were examined by a psychiatrist to evaluate the presence of depression by using DSM-IV criteria. Of the 120 teenager pregnant women studied, 2 had major depression and 25 had minor depression according to the DSM-IV criteria. The optimal EPDS cut-off for screening combined major and minor depression in teenager pregnant women was 8/9. At this threshold, we found a sensitivity of 70.4%, a specificity of 84.9%, a positive predictive value of 47.6%, a negative predictive value of 91.0%, and an area under the curve of 0.81 (95% confidence interval: 0.56-1.07). The EPDS can be used for screening depression in Mexican teenager pregnant women whenever a cut-off score of 8/9 is used.

The Use of the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale in a Population of Teenager Pregnant Women in Mexico: A Validation Study

PubMed Central

Alvarado-Esquivel, Cosme; Sifuentes-Alvarez, Antonio; Salas-Martinez, Carlos

2014-01-01

Background :Depression may occur in teenager pregnant women. The use of a validated tool for screening depression is highly recommended. The Edinburgh postnatal depression scale (EPDS) is a screening tool for depression used in women during the postnatal period and pregnancy. However, the EPDS has not been validated in teenager pregnant women. Therefore, we sought to validate a Spanish translated Mexican version of the EPDS in a population of teenager pregnant women. Methods: One hundred and twenty teenager pregnant women attending routine prenatal consultations in a public hospital in Durango City, Mexico participated in the study. All participants submitted a revised Spanish translated Mexican version of the EPDS and were examined by a psychiatrist to evaluate the presence of depression by using DSM-IV criteria. Results: Of the 120 teenager pregnant women studied, 2 had major depression and 25 had minor depression according to the DSM-IV criteria. The optimal EPDS cut-off for screening combined major and minor depression in teenager pregnant women was 8/9. At this threshold, we found a sensitivity of 70.4%, a specificity of 84.9%, a positive predictive value of 47.6%, a negative predictive value of 91.0%, and an area under the curve of 0.81 (95% confidence interval: 0.56-1.07). Conclusion: The EPDS can be used for screening depression in Mexican teenager pregnant women whenever a cut-off score of 8/9 is used. PMID:25493092

A first approach to a neuropsychological screening tool using eye-tracking for bedside cognitive testing based on the Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioural ALS Screen.

PubMed

Keller, Jürgen; Krimly, Amon; Bauer, Lisa; Schulenburg, Sarah; Böhm, Sarah; Aho-Özhan, Helena E A; Uttner, Ingo; Gorges, Martin; Kassubek, Jan; Pinkhardt, Elmar H; Abrahams, Sharon; Ludolph, Albert C; Lulé, Dorothée

2017-08-01

Reliable assessment of cognitive functions is a challenging task in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients unable to speak and write. We therefore present an eye-tracking based neuropsychological screening tool based on the Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioural ALS Screen (ECAS), a standard screening tool for cognitive deficits in ALS. In total, 46 ALS patients and 50 healthy controls matched for age, gender and education were tested with an oculomotor based and a standard paper-and-pencil version of the ECAS. Significant correlation between both versions was observed for ALS patients and healthy controls in the ECAS total score and in all of its ALS-specific domains (all r > 0.3; all p < 0.05). The eye-tracking version of the ECAS reliably distinguished between ALS patients and healthy controls in the ECAS total score (p < 0.05). Also, cognitively impaired and non-impaired patients could be reliably distinguished with a specificity of 95%. This study provides first evidence that the eye-tracking based ECAS version is a promising approach for assessing cognitive deficits in ALS patients who are unable to speak or write.

Comparison of the Thermal Degradation of Heavily Nb-Doped and Normal PZT Thin Films.

PubMed

Yang, Jeong-Suong; Kang, YunSung; Kang, Inyoung; Lim, SeungMo; Shin, Seung-Joo; Lee, JungWon; Hur, Kang Heon

2017-03-01

The degradation of niobium-doped lead zirconate titanate (PZT) and two types of PZT thin films were investigated. Undoped PZT, two-step PZT, and heavily Nb-doped PZT (PNZT) around the morphotropic phase boundary were in situ deposited under optimum condition by RF-magnetron sputtering. All 2- [Formula: see text]-thick films had dense perovskite columnar grain structure and self-polarized (100) dominant orientation. PZT thin films were deposited on Pt/TiO x bottom electrode on Si wafer, and PNZT thin film was on Ir/TiW electrode with the help of orientation control. Sputtered PZT films formed on microelectromechanical system (MEMS) gyroscope and the degradation rates were compared at different temperatures. PNZT showed the best resistance to the thermal degradation, followed by two-step PZT. To clarify the effect of oxygen vacancies on the degradation of the film at high temperature, photoluminescence measurement was conducted, which confirmed that oxygen vacancy rate was the lowest in heavy PNZT. Nb-doping PZT thin films suppressed the oxygen deficit and made high imprint with self-polarization. This defect distribution and high internal field allowed PNZT thin film to make the piezoelectric sensors more stable and reliable at high temperature, such as reflow process of MEMS packaging.

Report on International Spaceborne Imaging Spectroscopy Technical Committee Calibration and Validation Workshop, National Environment Research Council Field Spectroscopy Facility, University of Edinburgh

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ong, C,; Mueller, A.; Thome, K.; Bachmann, M.; Czapla-Myers, J.; Holzwarth, S.; Khalsa, S. J.; Maclellan, C.; Malthus, T.; Nightingale, J.;

American Film Genres: Approaches to a Critical Theory of Popular Film.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kaminsky, Stuart M.

This book is divided into twelve sections and contains photographs from many of the films discussed. The introduction defines film genre and describes the general theories behind this book; "The Individual Film" analyzes the film "Little Caesar" as it relates to the genre of gangster films; "Comparative Forms"…

FILM-30: A Heat Transfer Properties Code for Water Coolant

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

MARSHALL, THERON D.

2001-02-01

A FORTRAN computer code has been written to calculate the heat transfer properties at the wetted perimeter of a coolant channel when provided the bulk water conditions. This computer code is titled FILM-30 and the code calculates its heat transfer properties by using the following correlations: (1) Sieder-Tate: forced convection, (2) Bergles-Rohsenow: onset to nucleate boiling, (3) Bergles-Rohsenow: partially developed nucleate boiling, (4) Araki: fully developed nucleate boiling, (5) Tong-75: critical heat flux (CHF), and (6) Marshall-98: transition boiling. FILM-30 produces output files that provide the heat flux and heat transfer coefficient at the wetted perimeter as a function ofmore » temperature. To validate FILM-30, the calculated heat transfer properties were used in finite element analyses to predict internal temperatures for a water-cooled copper mockup under one-sided heating from a rastered electron beam. These predicted temperatures were compared with the measured temperatures from the author's 1994 and 1998 heat transfer experiments. There was excellent agreement between the predicted and experimentally measured temperatures, which confirmed the accuracy of FILM-30 within the experimental range of the tests. FILM-30 can accurately predict the CHF and transition boiling regimes, which is an important advantage over current heat transfer codes. Consequently, FILM-30 is ideal for predicting heat transfer properties for applications that feature high heat fluxes produced by one-sided heating.« less

Television and Children: Comprehension of Programs. Research Monograph.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kent, Sally, Ed.; And Others

Earlier versions of the four papers presented in this collection formed a symposium, "Children's Interactions with Television," at the 1982 International Congress of Applied Psychology in Edinburgh. In the first paper, "Children's Comprehension of Television Programs," Peter Rendell and Mary Nixon describe a study which…

Film: An Introduction.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fell, John L.

"Understanding Film," the opening section of this book, discusses perceptions of and responses to film and the way in which experiences with and knowledge of other media affect film viewing. The second section, "Film Elements," analyzes the basic elements of film: the use of space and time, the impact of editing, sound and color, and the effects…

Film Makers On Film Making.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Geduld, Harry M., Ed.

This collection includes essays by and interviews with more than 30 film-makers, both classic and contemporary, on the subjects of their major interests and procedures in making films. The directors are: Louis Lumiere, Cecil Hepworth, Edwin S. Porter, Mack Sennett, David W. Griffith, Robert Flaherty, Charles Chaplin, Eric von Stroheim, Dziga…

Nanostructured ZnO films with various morphologies prepared by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis and its growing process

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ma, H. L.; Liu, Z. W.; Zeng, D. C.; Zhong, M. L.; Yu, H. Y.; Mikmekova, E.

2013-10-01

Nanostructured ZnO films were prepared by the ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method using Zn(CH3COO)2·2H2O as a precursor. The effects of substrate temperature (Ts) on the morphology and properties were systematically studied. As the Ts increased from 430 °C to 610 °C, the morphology of the film transforms from closed packed nanosheets to dense nanocrystalline film and then to hexagonal nanorod array. The dense film formed at a temperature of 550 °C has the lowest electric resistivity and highest carrier concentration. The optical transmittance for all prepared samples was higher than 90%. The photoluminescence (PL) properties varied with the Ts due to the internal defect difference. The growth mechanism of ZnO film involves island growth and diffusion, which was evident by observing the samples prepared at various times.

Finite size effects in ferroelectric-semiconductor thin films under open-circuit electric boundary conditions

DOE PAGES

Eliseev, Eugene A.; Kalinin, Sergei V.; Morozovska, Anna N.

2015-01-21

General features of finite size effects in the ferroelectric-semiconductor film under open-circuit electric boundary conditions are analyzed using Landau-Ginzburg-Devonshire theory and continuum media electrostatics. The temperature dependence of the film critical thickness, spontaneous polarization and depolarization field profiles of the open-circuited films are found to be significantly different from the characteristics of short-circuited ones. In particular, we predict the re-entrant type transition boundary between the mono-domain and poly-domain ferroelectric states due to reduced internal screening efficiency and analyzed possible experimental scenarios created by this mechanism. Performed analysis is relevant for the quantitative description of free-standing ferroelectric films phase diagrams andmore » polar properties. Also our results can be useful for the explanation of the scanning-probe microscopy experiments on free ferroelectric surfaces.« less

Reflection-Type Oil-Film Skin-Friction Meter

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bandyopadhyay, Promode R.; Weinstein, Leonard M.

1993-01-01

Oil-film skin-friction meter for both flight and wind-tunnel applications uses internal reflection and is self-contained, compact unit. Contained in palm-sized housing, in which source of light, mirrors, and sensor mounted rigidly in alignment. Entire unit mounted rigidly under skin of aircraft or wind tunnel, eliminating any relative vibration between optical elements and skin of aircraft or wind tunnel. Meter primarily applicable to flight and wind-tunnel tests, also used in chemical-processing plants.

Decoupling thermal, chemical, and mechanical strain components in thin films

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Silberstein, Meredith; Crumlin, Ethan; Shao-Horn, Yang; Boyce, Mary

2011-03-01

Many electrochemical systems have performance which is affected by internal strains due to thermal and/or chemical stimuli. The bi-material curvature method is a means to quantify these thermal and chemical strains and their coupling with mechanical stress. In this method, a thin layer of the material of interest is deposited on a substrate of intermediate thickness. The composite assumes a curvature that depends on the mismatch strains between the substrate and film. The Stoney formula provides an explicit expression for the film stress as a function of the elastic substrate properties, film and substrate thickness, and curvature. Here we study two distinct materials systems: Nafion used as the polymer electrolyte in low temperature fuel cells, and epitaxial perovskite thin films used as a catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction in solid oxide fuel cells. The thermal, chemical, and mechanical strains are quantitatively determined as functions of temperature and atmospheric conditions by monitoring the curvature evolution with changes in these parameters. The extent of coupling of the thermal and chemical strains with mechanical stress is evaluated by conducting the experiment at multiple substrate thicknesses.

Screening for cognitive dysfunction in ALS: validation of the Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioural ALS Screen (ECAS) using age and education adjusted normative data.

PubMed

Pinto-Grau, Marta; Burke, Tom; Lonergan, Katie; McHugh, Caroline; Mays, Iain; Madden, Caoifa; Vajda, Alice; Heverin, Mark; Elamin, Marwa; Hardiman, Orla; Pender, Niall

2017-02-01

Cognitive and behavioural changes are an important aspect in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). The Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioural ALS Screen (ECAS) briefly assesses these changes in ALS. To validate the ECAS against a standardised neuropsychological battery and assess its sensitivity and specificity using age and education adjusted cut-off scores. 30 incident ALS cases were assessed on both, ECAS and neuropsychological battery. Age and education adjusted cut-off scores were created from a sample of 82 healthy controls. ECAS composite scores (Total, ALS Specific and Non-Specific) were highly correlated with battery composite scores. High correlations were also observed between ECAS and full battery cognitive domains and subtests. The ECAS Total, ALS Specific and Non-Specific scores were highly sensitive to cognitive impairment. ECAS ALS-Specific cognitive domains also evidenced high sensitivity. Individual subtest sensitivity was medium to low, suggesting that caution should be used when interpreting these scores. Low positive predictive values indicated the presence of false positives. Psychometric properties of the ECAS using age and education adjusted norms indicate that the ECAS, when used as an overall measure of cognitive decline, is highly sensitive. Further comprehensive assessment is required for patients that present as impaired on the ECAS.

Methods for producing complex films, and films produced thereby

DOEpatents

Duty, Chad E.; Bennett, Charlee J. C.; Moon, Ji -Won; Phelps, Tommy J.; Blue, Craig A.; Dai, Quanqin; Hu, Michael Z.; Ivanov, Ilia N.; Jellison, Jr., Gerald E.; Love, Lonnie J.; Ott, Ronald D.; Parish, Chad M.; Walker, Steven

2015-11-24

A method for producing a film, the method comprising melting a layer of precursor particles on a substrate until at least a portion of the melted particles are planarized and merged to produce the film. The invention is also directed to a method for producing a photovoltaic film, the method comprising depositing particles having a photovoltaic or other property onto a substrate, and affixing the particles to the substrate, wherein the particles may or may not be subsequently melted. Also described herein are films produced by these methods, methods for producing a patterned film on a substrate, and methods for producing a multilayer structure.

Internal-liquid-film-cooling Experiments with Air-stream Temperatures to 2000 Degrees F. in 2- and 4-inch-diameter Horizontal Tubes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kinney, George R; Abramson, Andrew E; Sloop, John L

1952-01-01

Report presents the results of an investigation conducted to determine the effectiveness of liquid-cooling films on the inner surfaces of tubes containing flowing hot air. Experiments were made in 2- and 4-inch-diameter straight metal tubes with air flows at temperatures from 600 degrees to 2000 degrees F. and diameter Reynolds numbers from 2.2 to 14 x 10(5). The film coolant, water, was injected around the circumference at a single axial position on the tubes at flow rates from 0.02 to .24 pound per second per foot of tube circumference (0.8 to 12 percent of the air flow). Liquid-coolant films were established and maintained around and along the tube wall in concurrent flow with the hot air. The results indicated that, in order to film cool a given surface area with as little coolant flow as possible, it may be necessary to limit the flow of coolant introduced at a single axial position and to introduce it at several axial positions. The flow rate of inert coolant required to maintain liquid-film cooling over a given area of tube surface can be estimated when the gas-flow conditions are known by means of a generalized plot of the film-cooling data.

Thin Films

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Khorshidi, Zahra; Bahari, Ali; Gholipur, Reza

2014-11-01

Effect of annealing temperature on the characteristics of sol-gel-driven Ta ax La(1- a) x O y thin film spin-coated on Si substrate as a high- k gate dielectric was studied. Ta ax La(1- a) x O y thin films with different amounts of a were prepared (as-prepared samples). X-ray diffraction measurements of the as-prepared samples indicated that Ta0.3 x La0.7 x Oy film had an amorphous structure. Therefore, Ta0.3 x La0.7 x O y film was chosen to continue the present studies. The morphology of Ta0.3 x La0.7 x O y films was studied using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy techniques. The obtained results showed that the size of grain boundaries on Ta0.3 x La0.7 x O y film surfaces was increased with increasing annealing temperature. Electrical and optical characterizations of the as-prepared and annealed films were investigated as a function of annealing temperature using capacitance-voltage ( C- V) and current density-voltage ( J- V) measurements and the Tauc method. The obtained results demonstrated that Ta0.3 x La0.7 x O y films had high dielectric constant (≈27), wide band gap (≈4.5 eV), and low leakage current density (≈10-6 A/cm2 at 1 V).

The National Film Board's Studio D: Feminists Making Films for Peace.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Taylor, Anita

Studio D of the National Film Board of Canada, a women's film making unit established to make films by, for, and about women, has created a group of five films that effectively develop the argument that women can and must join the effort to bring peace to a nuclear world. The first of these peace films, "If You Love This Planet,"…

MISSE 6 Polymer Film Tensile Experiment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Miller, Sharon K. R.; Dever, Joyce A.; Banks, Bruce A.; Waters, Deborah L.; Sechkar, Edward; Kline, Sara

2010-01-01

The Polymer Film Tensile Experiment (PFTE) was flown as part of Materials International Space Station Experiment 6 (MISSE 6). The purpose of the experiment was to expose a variety of polymer films to the low Earth orbital environment under both relaxed and tension conditions. The polymers selected are those commonly used for spacecraft thermal control and those under consideration for use in spacecraft applications such as sunshields, solar sails, and inflatable and deployable structures. The dog-bone shaped samples of polymers that were flown were exposed on both the side of the MISSE 6 Passive Experiment Container (PEC) that was facing into the ram direction (receiving atomic oxygen, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, ionizing radiation, and thermal cycling) and the wake facing side (which was supposed to have experienced predominantly the same environmental effects except for atomic oxygen which was present due to reorientation of the International Space Station). A few of the tensile samples were coated with vapor deposited aluminum on the back and wired to determine the point in the flight when the tensile sample broke as recorded by a change in voltage that was stored on battery powered data loggers for post flight retrieval and analysis. The data returned on the data loggers was not usable. However, post retrieval observation and analysis of the samples was performed. This paper describes the preliminary analysis and observations of the polymers exposed on the MISSE 6 PFTE.

Simulation and parametric study of a film-coated controlled-release pharmaceutical.

PubMed

Borgquist, Per; Zackrisson, Gunnar; Nilsson, Bernt; Axelsson, Anders

2002-04-23

Pharmaceutical formulations can be designed as Multiple Unit Systems, such as Roxiam CR, studied in this work. The dose is administrated as a capsule, which contains about 100 individual pellets, which in turn contain the active drug remoxipride. Experimental data for a large number of single pellets can be obtained by studying the release using microtitre plates. This makes it possible to study the release of the individual subunits making up the total dose. A mathematical model for simulating the release of remoxipride from single film-coated pellets is presented including internal and external mass transfer hindrance apart from the most important film resistance. The model can successfully simulate the release of remoxipride from single film-coated pellets if the lag phase of the experimental data is ignored. This was shown to have a minor influence on the release rate. The use of the present model is demonstrated by a parametric study showing that the release process is film-controlled, i.e. is limited by the mass transport through the polymer coating. The model was used to fit the film thickness and the drug loading to the experimental release data. The variation in the fitted values was similar to that obtained in the experiments.

New Science and Old Cultures

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Keohane, K. W.; And Others

1976-01-01

Reprints four lectures which were presented in the plenary session on "New science and old cultures" at the international conference on physics education at Edinburgh, Scotland, July 29 - August 6, 1975. In particular, the relationship between science education and the culture of underdeveloped nations is discussed. (CP)

A Situation Analysis Toolbox for Course of Action Evaluation

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-06-01

Presented at the 16th International Command and Control Research and Technology Symposium (ICCRTS 2011), Qu ?c City, Qu ?c, Canada, June 21-23, 2011...conference on Informa- tion Fusion, Edinburgh, Scotland, July 2010. [2] Mica R. Endsley and Daniel J. Garland. Situation Awareness Analysis and Measurement

Films Kids Like. A Catalog of Short Films For Children.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rice, Susan, Ed.

Information on the Children's Film Theater and a list of short films are contained in this catalog. The first section reviews the purpose of the Children's Film Theater, its history and what has been learned as a result of its efforts. Details on the mechanics of showing films for children are also covered, including matters such as screening…

PREFACE: International Conference on Solid Films and Surfaces (ICSFS 2014)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Achete, C. A.; Almeida, C. M.; Cremona, M.; Rocca, M.; Stavale, F.

2015-03-01

Foreword The 17th ICSFS took place at the wonderful city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil from the 8th to the 11th of September, 2014. The conference focused on recent advances in controlling and characterizing the physical and chemical properties of films and surfaces, with a particular emphasis on materials for electronic, photonic and spintronic applications. In addition, themes of bio-functionalized structures and devices were strongly discussed in the ICSFS, covering interdisciplinary nano and nano-bio science and technology. The conference has promoted, in various sub-fields of materials surfaces and thin films, an excellent forum for exchange of ideas, presentation of technical achievements and discussion of future directions in the field. In this volume of the IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering we are glad to present 11 peer-reviewed ICSFS contributing papers. The cross-disciplinary nature of conference topics is clearly reflected in these Proceedings' contents. The themes discussed ranged from those close to more traditional condensed matter physics, such as semiconductor surfaces to physical chemistry related issues. The Proceedings were organized in accordance with contributions presented at the Conference. We were glad with the presence of over 160 participants, including 24 invited and plenary talks and over 50 oral contributions. We strongly believe that these Proceedings will be useful for a wide audience of those interested in basic and applied surfaces and thin solid interfaces. Acknowledgment We would like to acknowledge the hard work, professional skills and efficiency of the team which oversaw the general organization, particularly of Dicom (Social Communication Division) from the National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology, Inmetro (Brazil). We also would like to thank all the invited speakers and session chairs for making the meeting such a great success. The Conference was supported and sponsored by Academia

Investigation of the effect of different carbon film thickness on the exhaust valve

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Karamangil, M. I.; Avci, A.; Bilal, H.

2008-03-01

Valves working under different loads and temperatures are the mostly forced engine elements. In an internal combustion engine, pressures and temperatures affecting on the valves vary with fuel type and the combustion characteristics of the fuel. Consequently, valves are exposed to different dynamic and thermal stress. In this study, stress distributions and temperature profiles on exhaust valve are obtained depending on different carbon film thickness. It is concluded that heat losses and valve temperatures decrease and valve surfaces are exposed to less thermal shocks with increasing carbon film thickness.

Thin film microelectronics materials production in the vacuum of space

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ignatiev, A.; Sterling, M.; Horton, C.; Freundlich, A.; Pei, S.; Hill, R.

1997-01-01

The international Space Station era will open up a new dimension in the use of one of the unique attributes of space, vacuum, for the production of advanced semiconductor materials and devices for microelectronics applications. Ultra-vacuum is required for the fabrication in thin film form of high quality semiconductors. This can be accomplished behind a free flying platform similar to the current Wake Shield Facility which is specifically designed to support in-space production. The platform will require apparatus for thin film growth, a robotics interface to allow for the change out of raw materials and the harvesting of finished product, and a servicing plant incorporating Space Station that will support long-term utilization of the platform.

Realization of hydrodynamic experiments on quasi-2D liquid crystal films in microgravity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Clark, Noel A.; Eremin, Alexey; Glaser, Matthew A.; Hall, Nancy; Harth, Kirsten; Klopp, Christoph; Maclennan, Joseph E.; Park, Cheol S.; Stannarius, Ralf; Tin, Padetha; Thurmes, William N.; Trittel, Torsten

2017-08-01

Freely suspended films of smectic liquid crystals are unique examples of quasi two-dimensional fluids. Mechanically stable and with quantized thickness of the order of only a few molecular layers, smectic films are ideal systems for studying fundamental fluid physics, such as collective molecular ordering, defect and fluctuation phenomena, hydrodynamics, and nonequilibrium behavior in two dimensions (2D), including serving as models of complex biological membranes. Smectic films can be drawn across openings in planar supports resulting in thin, meniscus-bounded membranes, and can also be prepared as bubbles, either supported on an inflation tube or floating freely. The quantized layering renders smectic films uniquely useful in 2D fluid physics. The OASIS team has pursued a variety of ground-based and microgravity applications of thin liquid crystal films to fluid structure and hydrodynamic problems in 2D and quasi-2D systems. Parabolic flights and sounding rocket experiments were carried out in order to explore the shape evolution of free floating smectic bubbles, and to probe Marangoni effects in flat films. The dynamics of emulsions of smectic islands (thicker regions on thin background films) and of microdroplet inclusions in spherical films, as well as thermocapillary effects, were studied over extended periods within the OASIS (Observation and Analysis of Smectic Islands in Space) project on the International Space Station. We summarize the technical details of the OASIS hardware and give preliminary examples of key observations.

Filming eugenics: teaching the history of eugenics through film.

PubMed

Ooten, Melissa; Trembanis, Sarah

2007-01-01

In teaching eugenics to undergraduate students and general public audiences, film should he considered as a provocative and fruitful medium that can generate important discussions about the intersections among eugenics, gender, class, race, and sexuality. This paper considers the use of two films, A Bill of Divorcement and The Lynchburg Story, as pedagogical tools for the history of eugenics. The authors provide background information on the films and suggestions for using the films to foster an active engagement with the historical eugenics movement.

Relative value of inflammatory, hemostatic, and rheological factors for incident myocardial infarction and stroke: the Edinburgh Artery Study.

PubMed

Tzoulaki, Ioanna; Murray, Gordon D; Lee, Amanda J; Rumley, Ann; Lowe, Gordon D O; Fowkes, F Gerald R

2007-04-24

The aim of our present study was to compare the association of a wide range of 17 biomarkers of inflammation, hemostasis, and blood rheology with incident heart disease and stroke after accounting for an indicator of subclinical atherosclerotic disease and traditional risk factors and also to determine their incremental predictive ability. We used data from the Edinburgh Artery Study, a population cohort study started in 1987 that comprised 1592 men and women aged 55 to 74 years. Subjects were followed for a mean of 17 years, and 416 of them suffered at least 1 cardiovascular event. In analyses adjusted for cardiovascular risk factors and history of cardiovascular disease (CVD): C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, fibrinogen, fibrin D-dimer, tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), leukocyte elastase, and lipoprotein(a) (all P<0.01), as well as von Willebrand factor and plasma viscosity (both P<0.05), had significant hazard ratios for incident CVD. Further adjustment for a measure of subclinical atherosclerosis (ankle brachial index) had little impact on these associations. The hazard ratios (95% CI) for incident CVD between top and bottom tertiles in the latter analysis were 1.78 (1.30 to 2.45) for C-reactive protein, 1.85 (1.33 to 2.58) for interleukin-6, and 1.76 (1.35 to 2.31) for fibrinogen. Single biomarkers provided little additional discrimination of incident CVD to that obtained from cardiovascular risk factors and the ankle brachial index. An incremental score of multiple markers [interleukin-6, t-PA, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, and lipoprotein(a)] provided some added discrimination. Several "novel" risk factors predicted CVD after adjustments for conventional risk factors and also for a measure of asymptomatic disease. However, their incremental predictive ability was modest and their clinical utility remains uncertain.

Internal gain in Er-doped As₂S₃ chalcogenide planar waveguides.

PubMed

Yan, Kunlun; Vu, Khu; Madden, Steve

2015-03-01

Low-loss erbium-doped As₂S₃ planar waveguides are fabricated by cothermal evaporation and plasma etching. Internal gain in the telecommunications band is demonstrated for the first time in any chalcogenide glass and additionally in a thin film planar waveguide amplifier configuration.

Stiffness-dependent cellular internalization of matrix-bound BMP-2 and its relation to Smad and non-Smad signaling.

PubMed

Gilde, Flora; Fourel, Laure; Guillot, Raphael; Pignot-Paintrand, Isabelle; Okada, Takaharu; Fitzpatrick, Vincent; Boudou, Thomas; Albiges-Rizo, Corinne; Picart, Catherine

2016-12-01

Surface coatings delivering BMP are a promising approach to render biomaterials osteoinductive. In contrast to soluble BMPs which can interact with their receptors at the dorsal side of the cell, BMPs presented as an insoluble cue physically bound to a biomimetic matrix, called here matrix-bound (bBMP-2), are presented to cells by their ventral side. To date, BMP-2 internalization and signaling studies in cell biology have always been performed by adding soluble (sBMP-2) to cells adhered on cell culture plates or glass slides, which will be considered here as a "reference" condition. However, whether and how matrix-bound BMP-2 can be internalized by cells and its relation to canonical (SMAD) and non-canonical signaling (ALP) remain open questions. In this study, we investigated the uptake and processing of BMP-2 by C2C12 myoblasts. This BMP-2 was presented either embedded in polyelectrolyte multilayer films (matrix-bound presentation) or as soluble form. Using fluorescently labeled BMP-2, we showed that the amount of matrix-bound BMP-2 internalized is dependent on the level of crosslinking of the polyelectrolyte films. Cav-1-mediated internalization is related to both SMAD and ALP signaling, while clathrin-mediated is only related to ALP signaling. BMP-2 internalization was independent of the presentation mode (sBMP-2 versus bBMP-2) for low crosslinked films (soft, EDC10) in striking contrast with high crosslinked (stiff, EDC70) films where internalization was much lower and slower for bBMP-2. As anticipated, internalization of sBMP-2 barely depended on the underlying matrix. Taken together, these results indicate that BMP-2 internalization can be tuned by the underlying matrix and activates downstream BMP-2 signaling, which is key for the effective formation of bone tissue. The presentation of growth factors from material surfaces currently presents significant challenges in academic research, clinics and industry. Being able to deliver efficiently these growth

The Power of the Picture: How Narrative Film Captures Attention and Disrupts Goal Pursuit.

PubMed

Cohen, Anna-Lisa; Shavalian, Elliot; Rube, Moshe

2015-01-01

Narrative transportation is described as a state of detachment that arises when one becomes immersed in the narrative of a story. Participants viewed either an intact version of an engaging 20 min film, "Bang You're Dead!," (1961) by Alfred Hitchcock (contiguous condition), or a version of the same film with scenes presented out of order (noncontiguous condition). In this latter condition, the individual scenes were intact but were presented out of chronological order. Participants were told a cover story that we were interested in the amount of gun violence depicted in films. Both groups were given the goal to remember to lift their hand every time they heard the word "gun" spoken during the film. Results revealed that participants were significantly less likely to remember to execute their goal in the contiguous condition, presumably because this narrative transported viewers' attention and thereby "hijacked" processing resources away from internal goals.

Nanocomposite films

DOEpatents

Mitlin, David; , Ophus, Colin; Evoy, Stephane; Radmilovic, Velimir; Mohammadi, Reza; Westra, Ken; Nelson-Fitzpatrick, Nathaniel; Lee, Zonghoon

2010-07-20

A thin-film composition of nanocrystal molybdenum in an amorphous metallic matrix may be formed by co-sputtering Mo with aluminum or nickel. NEMS cantilevers may be formed from the film. The films exhibit high nanoindentation hardness and a reduction in roughness and intrinsic stress, while maintaining resistivity in the metallic range.

On Film

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Watts, Marty

2006-01-01

In this article, the author discusses the role of window films in enhancing indoor air quality in schools. Historically, window film has been used to reduce temperatures in buildings prone to overheating. Too much solar energy entering through windows makes occupants uncomfortable and air conditioning more costly. Film has been a simple solution…

Hybrid perovskite films approaching the radiative limit with over 90% photoluminescence quantum efficiency

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Braly, Ian L.; deQuilettes, Dane W.; Pazos-Outón, Luis M.; Burke, Sven; Ziffer, Mark E.; Ginger, David S.; Hillhouse, Hugh W.

2018-06-01

Reducing non-radiative recombination in semiconducting materials is a prerequisite for achieving the highest performance in light-emitting and photovoltaic applications. Here, we characterize both external and internal photoluminescence quantum efficiency and quasi-Fermi-level splitting of surface-treated hybrid perovskite (CH3NH3PbI3) thin films. With respect to the material bandgap, these passivated films exhibit the highest quasi-Fermi-level splitting measured to date, reaching 97.1 ± 0.7% of the radiative limit, approaching that of the highest performing GaAs solar cells. We confirm these values with independent measurements of internal photoluminescence quantum efficiency of 91.9 ± 2.7% under 1 Sun illumination intensity, setting a new benchmark for these materials. These results suggest hybrid perovskite solar cells are inherently capable of further increases in power conversion efficiency if surface passivation can be combined with optimized charge carrier selective interfaces.

Transformation volume effect on the magnetic anisotropy of Ni-Mn-Ga thin films

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

L'vov, V. A.; Golub, V.; Salyuk, O.; Barandiarán, J. M.; Chernenko, V. A.

2015-01-01

Ni-Mn-Ga ferromagnetic shape memory films with similar thickness and chemical composition, deposited onto cold (with a subsequent annealing) and hot MgO(001) substrates exhibit different internal stress and structure giving rise to a different orientation of the magnetic easy axes. A quantitative theoretical analysis of the crystallographic and ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) data shows that the different anisotropies can be caused by the difference in sign between the transformation volume changes in these films, as influenced by the internal stresses. To explain FMR data, the magnetoelastic coupling term of fourth-order in the magnetic vector and linear in the strain tensor components, appearing in the Landau expansion for the free energy, is taken into account. The coefficient of the term, which couples the magnetic vector components with the volume change of the Ni-Mn-Ga alloy, was estimated to be equal to about 10 7 erg cm - 3 .

UV actinometer film

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Coulbert, C. D.; Gupta, A.; Pitts, J.

1980-01-01

Cumulative UV radiation can be measured by low-cost polymer film that is unaffacted by visible light. Useful for virtually any surface, film can help paint and plastics manufacturers determine how well their products stand up against UV radiation. Actinometer film uses photochemically sensitive compound that changes its chemical composition in response to solar radiation. Extent of chemical conversion depends on length exposure and can be measured by examining film sample with spectrophotometer. Film can be exposed from several seconds up to month.

'On the street where you live': Neighbourhood deprivation and quality of life among community-dwelling older people in Edinburgh, Scotland.

PubMed

Mõttus, René; Gale, Catharine R; Starr, John M; Deary, Ian J

2012-05-01

It is well established that neighbourhood quality is related to various aspects of people's health and coping, especially in old age. There have also been a few reports on the links between self-reported neighbourhood quality and quality of life in older age. However, it is not clear which aspects of quality of life in particular are related to neighbourhood quality and whether these associations are independent of the roles of cognitive, socioeconomic or health status, or rating biases. Using a large sample of Scots from the Edinburgh area (N = 1091, of whom 548 were men) aged between 68 and 71 years, this study shows direct associations of objectively and comprehensively determined neighbourhood deprivation with self-perceived quality of life in physical and environmental domains, but not in psychological or social relationship domains. In a path model, these associations were independent of the roles of childhood cognitive ability and change in it to age 70, educational attainment, and occupational social class. The count of adverse health conditions (cardiovascular disease, stroke history, high blood pressure, diabetes, or arthritis) was associated with both quality of life and neighbourhood deprivation, and mediated the indirect links from neighbourhood deprivation to physical, psychological and environmental domains of quality of life. It is concluded that the neighbourhood in which older people live plays a role in one of the most important outcomes-how satisfied they are with various aspects of their life including physical functioning. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Water-evaporation reduction by duplex films: application to the human tear film.

PubMed

Cerretani, Colin F; Ho, Nghia H; Radke, C J

2013-09-01

Water-evaporation reduction by duplex-oil films is especially important to understand the physiology of the human tear film. Secreted lipids, called meibum, form a duplex film that coats the aqueous tear film and purportedly reduces tear evaporation. Lipid-layer deficiency is correlated with the occurrence of dry-eye disease; however, in-vitro experiments fail to show water-evaporation reduction by tear-lipid duplex films. We review the available literature on water-evaporation reduction by duplex-oil films and outline the theoretical underpinnings of spreading and evaporation kinetics that govern behavior of these systems. A dissolution-diffusion model unifies the data reported in the literature and identifies dewetting of duplex films into lenses as a key challenge to obtaining significant evaporation reduction. We develop an improved apparatus for measuring evaporation reduction by duplex-oil films including simultaneous assessment of film coverage, stability, and temperature, all under controlled external mass transfer. New data reported in this study fit into the larger body of work conducted on water-evaporation reduction by duplex-oil films. Duplex-oil films of oxidized mineral oil/mucin (MOx/BSM), human meibum (HM), and bovine meibum (BM) reduce water evaporation by a dissolution-diffusion mechanism, as confirmed by agreement between measurement and theory. The water permeability of oxidized-mineral-oil duplex films agrees with those reported in the literature, after correction for the presence of mucin. We find that duplex-oil films of bovine and human meibum at physiologic temperature reduce water evaporation only 6-8% for a 100-nm film thickness pertinent to the human tear film. Comparison to in-vivo human tear-evaporation measurements is inconclusive because evaporation from a clean-water surface is not measured and because the mass-transfer resistance is not characterized. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

An Examination of Radiation Induced Tensile Failure of Stressed and Unstressed Polymer Films Flown on MISSE-6

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Miller, Sharon K.; Sechkar, Edward A.

2012-01-01

Thin film polymers are used in many spacecraft applications for thermal control (multilayer insulation and sunshields), as lightweight structural members (solar array blankets, inflatable/deployable structures) and have been proposed for propulsion (solar sails). Polymers in these applications are often under a tensile load and are directly exposed to the space environment, therefore it is important to understand the effect of stress in combination with the environment on the durability of these polymer films. The purpose of the Polymer Film Tensile Experiment, flown as part of Materials International Space Station Experiment 6 (MISSE 6), was to expose a variety of polymer films to the low Earth orbital environment under both relaxed and tension conditions. This paper describes the results of post flight tensile testing of these samples.

A Scottish Approach to the Challenge of Educational Change.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McLachlan, Jeffrey; Wood, Vivienne

This paper examines the adjustment of Napier Polytechnic of Edinburgh (Scotland, United Kingdom) to educational change. Discussed are: the historical development of the school; Napier's role in today's higher education; the school's shift from external to internal quality control of Council for National Academic Awards courses; the school's…

Thin teflon-like films for MEMS: Film properties and reliability studies

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Smith, B.K.; LaVigne, G.; Sniegowski, J.J.

1998-07-01

This work presents film properties and initial reliability studies for thin Teflon-like films applied to a unique test vehicle, the Sandia-designed and fabricated microengine. Results on microengines coated with the film show a factor of three improvement in their lifetime and an order of magnitude reduction in the coefficient of friction when compared to uncoated samples. Coefficients Of Friction (COF) of 0.07 for the Teflon-like film and 1.0 for uncoated samples are extracted from models which match the measured behavior of working microengines. These films, deposited form a plasma source, exhibit the ability to penetrate into very narrow, deep channelsmore » common to many MEMS devices. For as-deposited film, both the refractive index at 1.4 and the contact angle with water at 108{degree} show the film to be very similar to bulk Teflon PTFE. Film stability as a function of temperature has been examined using Fourier Transformation Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The film structure as observed by the fluorine-carbon (F-C) peak is stable up to 200 C, but starts decomposing above 250 C. Film composition has been examined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and is quite different for directly exposed surfaces compared with deep, narrow channels where the deposition process is diffusion limited.« less

Microstructure and transport properties of sol-gel derived highly (100)-oriented lanthanum nickel oxide thin films on SiO 2 /Si substrate

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhu, M. W.; Wang, Z. J.; Chen, Y. N.; Zhang, Z. D.

2011-12-01

In the present work, lanthanum nickel oxide (LNO) thin films were prepared by the sol-gel method and different thermal treatments were adopted by adjusting the preheating treatment. The microstructure, crystal orientation, chemical composition and electrical properties of LNO films were analyzed to elucidate the relationship between the microstructure and the transport properties of the films. The results show that equiaxed grains predominate the microstructure of the films with pyrolysis step. Without the pyrolysis step, columnar grains are formed in the films, accompanied with an improvement in crystallinity and strengthening of the (100)-orientation. Furthermore, the metal-insulator transition temperature decreases for the films without the pyrolysis step. The effect of film microstructure on its electrical properties was discussed in terms of the existence of internal stress and the improved crystallinity.

Film in Development.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Information Center on Instructional Technology Report, 1976

1976-01-01

The positive and negative aspects of using film as a medium for inducing change in developing nations are explored in this issue. Critics of the use of film for development cite (1) the culture specific nature of film content of foreign produced films; (2) the technical, economic, and logistical problems of in-country production; and (3) lack of…

The glass transition temperature of thin films: A molecular dynamics study for a bead-spring model.

PubMed

Stevenson, Craig S; Curro, John G; McCoy, John D

2017-05-28

Molecular dynamics simulations were carried out on free-standing liquid films of different thicknesses h using a bead-spring model of 10 beads per chain. The glass transition temperatures, T g , of the various films were determined from plots of the internal energy versus temperature. We used these simulations to test the validity of our earlier conjecture that the glass transition of a confined liquid could be approximated by pre-averaging over the non-uniform density profile of the film. Using the density profiles from our simulations, we computed the average density of the free-standing films as a function of temperature. In all our film simulations we found, within the error of the simulation, that T g of the film occurred at the same density (or packing fraction) as the bulk system at the bulk glass transition temperature T g B . By equating these densities at their respective glass transition temperatures, as suggested by the simulations, we deduced that T g /T g B is proportional to h 0 /h. This is consistent with previous simulations and experimental data. Moreover, the parameter h 0 is determinable in our model from the density profile of the films.

Sliding friction of nanocomposite WC1-x/C coatings: transfer film and its influence on tribology.

PubMed

Liu, Y; Gubisch, M; Spiess, L; Schaefer, J A

2009-06-01

The transfer film on steel spheres formed in reciprocating sliding against nanocomposite coatings based on nanocrystalline WC1-x in amorphous carbon matrix is characterized and correlated with the tribological properties measured by a precision microtribometer. With the presence of transfer film, a coefficient of friction approximately 0.13 and a depth wear rate approximately 0.35 x 10(-10) m/N.Pass were obtained. The central zone of the transfer film covering approximately 25% of the Hertz contact area is intact while cracks and wear debris are found in the vast peripheral area. It is also heavily oxidized due to the absence of carbon, which is located at the peripherals and acts as lubricants. We propose that the oxidation of WC and adhesion of the oxides to the surface of sphere is the main mechanism for the buildup of the transfer films. With the thickening of the film, the internal stress increases. Under the shear stress, spalling and cracking of the transfer film take place. The overall tribological performance of the coatings is therefore a competing process of buildup and spalling of transfer films.

Ag films deposited on Si and Ti: How the film-substrate interaction influences the nanoscale film morphology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ruffino, F.; Torrisi, V.

2017-11-01

Submicron-thick Ag films were sputter deposited, at room temperature, on Si, covered by the native SiO2 layer, and on Ti, covered by the native TiO2 layer, under normal and oblique deposition angle. The aim of this work was to study the morphological differences in the grown Ag films on the two substrates when fixed all the other deposition parameters. In fact, the surface diffusivity of the Ag adatoms is different on the two substrates (higher on the SiO2 surface) due to the different Ag-SiO2 and Ag-TiO2 atomic interactions. So, the effect of the adatoms surface diffusivity, as determined by the adatoms-substrate interaction, on the final film morphology was analyzed. To this end, microscopic analyses were used to study the morphology of the grown Ag films. Even if the homologous temperature prescribes that the Ag film grows on both substrates in the zone I described by the structure zone model some significant differences are observed on the basis of the supporting substrate. In the normal incidence condition, on the SiO2/Si surface a dense close-packed Ag film exhibiting a smooth surface is obtained, while on the TiO2/Ti surface a more columnar film morphology is formed. In the oblique incidence condition the columnar morphology for the Ag film occurs both on SiO2/Si and TiO2/Ti but a higher porous columnar film is obtained on TiO2/Ti due to the lower Ag diffusivity. These results indicate that the adatoms diffusivity on the substrate as determined by the adatom-surface interaction (in addition to the substrate temperature) strongly determines the final film nanostructure.

Structured Ionomer Thin Films at Water Interface: Molecular Dynamics Simulation Insight

DOE PAGES

Aryal, Dipak; Agrawal, Anupriya; Perahia, Dvora; ...

2017-08-23

Controlling the structure and dynamics of thin films of ionizable polymers at water interfaces is critical to their many applications. As the chemical diversity within one polymer is increased, controlling the structure and dynamics of the polymer, which is a key to their use, becomes a challenge. Here molecular dynamics simulations (MD) are used to obtain molecular insight into the structure and dynamics of thin films of one such macromolecule at the interface with water. The polymer consists of an ABCBA topology with randomly sulfonated polystyrene (C), tethered symmetrically to flexible poly(ethylene- r-propylene) blocks (B), and end-capped by a poly(more » t-butylstyrene) block (A). The compositions of the interfacial and bulk regions of thin films of the ABCBA polymers are followed as a function of exposure time to water. We find that interfacial rearrangements take place where buried ionic segments migrate toward the water interface. The hydrophobic blocks collapse and rearrange to minimize their exposure to water. In conclusion, the water that initially drives interfacial reengagements breaks the ionic clusters within the film, forming a dynamic hydrophilic internal network within the hydrophobic segments.« less

Exposure to smoking imagery in popular films and adolescent smoking in Mexico.

PubMed

Thrasher, James F; Jackson, Christine; Arillo-Santillán, Edna; Sargent, James D

2008-08-01

Exposure to smoking imagery in films is consistently associated with smoking behavior and its psychological antecedents among adolescents in high-income countries, but its association with adolescent smoking in middle-income countries is unknown. In 2006, a cross-sectional sample of 3876 Mexican adolescents in secondary school was surveyed on smoking behavior, smoking risk factors, and exposure to 42 popular films that contained smoking. Participants were classified into quartiles of exposure to smoking imagery across all films they reported having seen. Models were estimated to determine associations among quartiles of film-smoking exposure, smoking behavior, and the psychological antecedents of smoking, adjusting for age, gender, sensation seeking, self-esteem, parental smoking, sibling smoking, best-friend smoking, having a bedroom TV, and private versus public school attendance. Analyses were conducted in 2007. Adolescents were exposed to an average of 51.7 (SE=1.3) minutes of smoking in the films they viewed. Crude and adjusted ORs indicated positive associations between quartiles of film-smoking exposure and both current smoking (AOR4v1=3.13; p<0.0001) and having ever smoked (AOR4v1=2.42; p<0.0001). Data from never-smokers (n=2098) were analyzed to determine associations between film-smoking exposure and psychological antecedents of smoking uptake. Crude and adjusted coefficients indicated significant, positive associations between exposure and susceptibility to smoking (AOR4v1=1.66; p<0.05); favorable attitudes toward smoking (Adjusted B4v1=0.44; p<0.0001); and perceived peer prevalence of smoking (Adjusted B4v1=0.26; p<0.0001). Exposure to smoking in films appears associated with smoking among Mexican adolescents. Policies could aim to decrease youth exposure to smoking in nationally and internationally distributed films.

Exposure to Smoking Imagery in Popular Films and Adolescent Smoking in Mexico

PubMed Central

Thrasher, James F.; Jackson, Christine; Arillo-Santillán, Edna; Sargent, James D.

2008-01-01

Background Exposure to smoking imagery in films is consistently associated with smoking behavior and its psychological antecedents among adolescents in high-income countries, but its association with adolescent smoking in middle-income countries is unknown. Methods In 2006, a cross-sectional sample of 3876 Mexican adolescents in secondary school was surveyed on smoking behavior, smoking risk factors, and exposure to 42 popular films that contained smoking. Participants were classified into quartiles of exposure to smoking imagery across all films they reported having seen. Models were estimated to determine associations among quartiles of film-smoking exposure, smoking behavior, and the psychological antecedents of smoking, adjusting for age, gender, sensation seeking, self-esteem, parental smoking, sibling smoking, best-friend smoking, having a bedroom TV, and private versus public school attendance. Analyses were conducted in 2007. Results Adolescents were exposed to an average of 51.7 (SE=1.3) minutes of smoking in the films they viewed. Crude and adjusted ORs indicated positive associations between quartiles of film-smoking exposure and both current smoking (AOR4v1=3.13; p<0.0001) and having ever smoked (AOR4v1=2.42; p<0.0001). Data from never-smokers (n=2098) were analyzed to determine associations between film-smoking exposure and psychological antecedents of smoking uptake. Crude and adjusted coefficients indicated significant, positive associations between exposure and susceptibility to smoking (AOR4v1=1.66; p<0.05); favorable attitudes toward smoking (Adjusted B4v1=0.44; p<0.0001); and perceived peer prevalence of smoking (Adjusted B4v1=0.26; p<0.0001). Conclusions Exposure to smoking in films appears associated with smoking among Mexican adolescents. Policies could aim to decrease youth exposure to smoking in nationally and internationally distributed films. PMID:18617078

The New Film Technologies: Computerized Video-Assisted Film Production.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mott, Donald R.

Over the past few years, video technology has been used to assist film directors after they have shot a scene, to control costs, and to create special effects, especially computer assisted graphics. At present, a computer based editing system called "Film 5" combines computer technology and video tape with film to save as much as 50% of…

The mental health characteristics of pregnant women with depressive symptoms identified by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale.

PubMed

Lydsdottir, Linda B; Howard, Louise M; Olafsdottir, Halldora; Thome, Marga; Tyrfingsson, Petur; Sigurdsson, Jon F

2014-04-01

Few studies are available on the effectiveness of screening tools such as the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) in pregnancy or the extent to which such tools may identify women with mental disorders other than depression. We therefore aimed to investigate the mental health characteristics of pregnant women who screen positive on the EPDS. Consecutive women receiving antenatal care in primary care clinics (from November 2006 to July 2011) were invited to complete the EPDS in week 16 of pregnancy. All women who scored above 11 (screen positive) on the EPDS and randomly selected women who scored below 12 (screen negative) were invited to participate in a psychiatric diagnostic interview. 2,411 women completed the EPDS. Two hundred thirty-three women (9.7%) were screened positive in week 16, of whom 153 (66%) agreed to a psychiatric diagnostic interview. Forty-eight women (31.4%) were diagnosed with major depressive disorder according to DSM-IV criteria, 20 (13.1%) with bipolar disorder, 93 (60.8%) with anxiety disorders (including 27 [17.6%] with obsessive-compulsive disorder [OCD]), 8 (5.2%) with dysthymia, 18 (11.8%) with somatoform disorder, 3 (2%) with an eating disorder, and 7 (4.6%) with current substance abuse. Women who screened positive were significantly more likely to have psychosocial risk factors, including being unemployed (χ(2)(1) = 23.37, P ≤.001), lower educational status (χ(2)(1)= 31.68, P ≤ .001), and a history of partner violence (χ(2)(1) = 10.30, P ≤ 001), compared with the women who screened negative. Use of the EPDS early in the second trimester of pregnancy identifies a substantial number of women with potentially serious mental disorders other than depression, including bipolar disorder, OCD, and eating disorders. A comprehensive clinical assessment is therefore necessary following use of the EPDS during pregnancy to ensure that women who screen positive receive appropriate mental health management. © Copyright 2014

The portrayal of Tourette Syndrome in film and television.

PubMed

Calder-Sprackman, Samantha; Sutherland, Stephanie; Doja, Asif

2014-03-01

To determine the representation of Tourette Syndrome (TS) in fictional movies and television programs by investigating recurrent themes and depictions. Television and film can be a source of information and misinformation about medical disorders. Tourette Syndrome has received attention in the popular media, but no studies have been done on the accuracy of the depiction of the disorder. International internet movie databases were searched using the terms "Tourette's", "Tourette's Syndrome", and "tics" to generate all movies, shorts, and television programs featuring a character or scene with TS or a person imitating TS. Using a grounded theory approach, we identified the types of characters, tics, and co-morbidities depicted as well as the overall representation of TS. Thirty-seven television programs and films were reviewed dating from 1976 to 2010. Fictional movies and television shows gave overall misrepresentations of TS. Coprolalia was overrepresented as a tic manifestation, characters were depicted having autism spectrum disorder symptoms rather than TS, and physicians were portrayed as unsympathetic and only focusing on medical therapies. School and family relationships were frequently depicted as being negatively impacted by TS, leading to poor quality of life. Film and television are easily accessible resources for patients and the public that may influence their beliefs about TS. Physicians should be aware that TS is often inaccurately represented in television programs and film and acknowledge misrepresentations in order to counsel patients accordingly.

Vaginal Film Drug Delivery of the Pyrimidinedione IQP-0528 for the Prevention of HIV Infection

PubMed Central

Ham, Anthony S.; Rohan, Lisa Cencia; Boczar, Ashlee; Yang, Lu; Buckheit, Karen W; Buckheit, Robert W.

2015-01-01

Purpose Polymeric quick dissolving films were developed as a solid dosage topical microbicide formulation for the vaginal delivery of the highly potent and non-toxic, dual-acting HIV nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) pyrimidinedione, IQP-0528. Methods Formulated from approved excipients, a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) based film was manufactured via solvent casting methods. The film formulations were evaluated based upon quantitative physicochemical evaluations defined by a Target Product Profile (TPP) Results Films dosed with 0.1 % (w/w) of IQP-0528 disintegrated within 10 minutes with over 50% of drug released and near 100% total drug released after 30 minutes. The IQP-0528 films were found to be non-toxic in in vitro CEM-SS and PBMC cell-based assays and biologically active with sub-nanomolar efficacy against HIV-1 infection. In a 12 month stability protocol, the IQP-0528 films demonstrated no significant degradation at International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) recommended standard (25°C / 65% relative humidity (R.H.)) and accelerated (40°C / 75% R.H.) environmental conditions. Conclusions Based on the above evaluations, a vaginal film formulation has been identified as a potential solid dosage form for the vaginal delivery of the topical microbicide candidate IQP-0528. PMID:22392331

Contributions of Film Introductions and Film Summaries to Learning from Instructional Films.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lathrop, C. W., Jr.; Norford, C. A.

An exploratory study of the contribution to learning of typical introductory and summarizing sequences in instructional films underlined the need for further experimental work to determine what kinds of introductory and concluding sequences are most useful in promoting learning from films. The first part of the study was concerned with film…

The Magnus-Rademaker Scientific Film Collection: Ethical Issues on Animal Experimentation (1908-1940).

PubMed

Koehler, Peter J; Lameris, Bregt

2016-01-01

The Magnus-Rademaker scientific film collection (1908-1940) deals with the physiology of body posture by the equilibrium of reflex musculature contractions for which experimental studies were carried out with animals (e.g., labyrinthectomies, cerebellectomies, and brain stem sections) as well as observations done on patients. The films were made for demonstrations at congresses as well as educational objectives and film stills were published in their books. The purpose of the present study is to position these films and their makers within the contemporary discourse on ethical issues and animal rights in the Netherlands and the earlier international debates. Following an introduction on animal rights and antivivisection movements, we describe what Magnus and Rademaker thought about these issues. Their publications did not provide much information in this respect, probably reflecting their adherence to implicit ethical codes that did not need explicit mentioning in publications. Newspaper articles, however, revealed interesting information. Unnecessary suffering of an animal never found mercy in Magnus' opinion. The use of cinematography was expanded to the reduction of animal experimentation in student education, at least in the case of Rademaker, who in the 1930s was involved in a governmental committee for the regulation of vivisection and cooperated with the antivivisection movement. This resulted not only in a propaganda film for the movement but also in films that demonstrate physiological experiments for students with the purpose to avert repetition and to improve the teaching of experiments. We were able to identify the pertinent films in the Magnus-Rademaker film collection. The production of vivisection films with this purpose appears to have been common, as is shown in news messages in European medical journals of the period.

Specific features of single-pulse femtosecond laser micron and submicron ablation of a thin silver film coated with a micron-thick photoresist layer

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zayarnyi, D A; Ionin, A A; Kudryashov, S I

Specific features of ablation of a thin silver film with a 1-μm-thick layer of a highly transparent photoresist and the same film without a photoresist layer under single tightly focused femtosecond laser pulses in the visible range (515 nm) are experimentally investigated. Interference effects of internal modification of the photoresist layer, its spallation ablation from the film surface and formation of through hollow submicron channels in the resist without its spallation but with ablation of the silver film lying under the resist are found and discussed. (extreme light fields and their applications)

The Power of the Picture: How Narrative Film Captures Attention and Disrupts Goal Pursuit

PubMed Central

Cohen, Anna-Lisa; Shavalian, Elliot; Rube, Moshe

2015-01-01

Narrative transportation is described as a state of detachment that arises when one becomes immersed in the narrative of a story. Participants viewed either an intact version of an engaging 20 min film, “Bang You’re Dead!,” (1961) by Alfred Hitchcock (contiguous condition), or a version of the same film with scenes presented out of order (noncontiguous condition). In this latter condition, the individual scenes were intact but were presented out of chronological order. Participants were told a cover story that we were interested in the amount of gun violence depicted in films. Both groups were given the goal to remember to lift their hand every time they heard the word “gun” spoken during the film. Results revealed that participants were significantly less likely to remember to execute their goal in the contiguous condition, presumably because this narrative transported viewers’ attention and thereby “hijacked” processing resources away from internal goals. PMID:26658578

Exploring the Film.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kuhns, William; Stanley, Robert

The purpose of film study is defined here in the words of D. W. Griffiths: "My goal is above all to make you see." This book is intended to be used as a text in a film study course. It traces the development of films from a scientific curiosity through silent films to modern wide screen productions. A comic strip is used to demonstrate the effect…

Electrochromic nanocomposite films

DOEpatents

Milliron, Delia; Llordes, Anna; Buonsanti, Raffaella; Garcia, Guillermo

2018-04-10

The present invention provides an electrochromic nanocomposite film. In an exemplary embodiment, the electrochromic nanocomposite film, includes (1) a solid matrix of oxide based material and (2) transparent conducting oxide (TCO) nanostructures embedded in the matrix. In a further embodiment, the electrochromic nanocomposite film farther includes a substrate upon which the matrix is deposited. The present invention also provides a method of preparing an electrochromic nanocomposite film.

The American Film Heritage; Impressions from the American Film Institute Archives.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shales, Tom; And Others

The American Film Institute has an archive which presently contains more than 9,000 films, many of them rare. The articles in this volume are based on some of the films in the collection. Among the topics of these essays are: pioneers like D. W. Griffith and Thomas H. Ince, treatment of blacks and Indians in films, development of the techniques…

Organic/carbon nanotubes hybrid thin films for chemical detection

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Banimuslem, Hikmat Adnan

[a]pyrene, pentachlorophenol (PCP), 2-chlorophenol, diuron and simazine in water as well as amines vapours in ambient air utilizing total internal reflection spectroscopic ellipsometry (TIRE) as an optical detection method. Different concentrations of pesticides in water ranging from 1 to 25 mug/L have been examined. It was revealed that the shifts in [mathematical equation] spectra of CuPcR[4]SWCNT films were evidently larger than those produced by the pristine CuPcR[4] films, indicating largely improved films' sensitivity of the hybrid films. Adsorption of amines onto films' surfaces has been realised by monitoring changes in the phase shift [mathematical equation] of TIRE. Methylamine has shown higher sensitivity and lower response time among the studied amines. For all amines vapours, the sensitivity of SWCNT/CuPcR[4] hybrid films was higher than the sensitivity of pristine Cu[1]PCR[4] films. Further work has been carried out on hybrids of SWCNT with zinc phthalocyanines (ZnPc). Thin films of pristine SWCNT and SWCNT/ZnPc hybrids were prepared by drop casting onto interdigitated electrodes and applied as active layers to detect ammonia vapor by measuring electrical resistance changes. Influence of pyrene substituent in the phthalocyanine ring on the hybrid formation and their sensor response has also been verified.

Intrinsic stress modulation in diamond like carbon films with incorporation of gold nanoparticles by PLA

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Panda, Madhusmita; Krishnan, R.; Krishna, Nanda Gopala; Madapu, Kishore K.; Kamruddin, M.

2018-04-01

Intrinsic stress modulation in the diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings with incorporation of gold nanoparticles was studied qualitatively from Raman shift. The films were deposited on Si (1 0 0) substrates by using Pulsed laser ablation (PLA) of pure pyrolytic graphite target and with a gold foil on it. Films compositional and chemical behavior was studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Visible Raman spectroscopy, respectively. The sp3 content obtained from XPS shows dramatic variation in DLC, DLC-Au(100), DLC-Au(200) and DLC-Au(300) as 39%, 41%, 47% and 66% with various gold contentsas 0%, 12%, 7.3% and 4.7%, respectively. The Raman spectra of DLC/Au films showed G-peak shift towards lower wavenumber indicating the reduction of intrinsic stress (internal compressive stress). The sp2, sp3 fraction in the films are also determined from FWHM (G-Peak).

Combined use of the postpartum depression screening scale (PDSS) and Edinburgh postnatal depression scale (EPDS) to identify antenatal depression among Chinese pregnant women with obstetric complications.

PubMed

Zhao, Ying; Kane, Irene; Wang, Jing; Shen, Beibei; Luo, Jianfeng; Shi, Shenxun

2015-03-30

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate antenatal depression screening employing two scales: the Postpartum Depression Screening Scale (PDSS) and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) for the population of Chinese pregnant women with obstetric complications. A convenience sample of 842 Chinese pregnant women with complications participated in this study. The PDSS total score correlated strongly with the EPDS total score (r=0.652, p=0.000). Each tool performed extremely well for detecting major and major/minor depressions with PDSS resulting in a better psychometric performance than EPDS (p<0.01). If combined use, the recommended EPDS cut-off score was 8/9 for major depression, at which the sensitivity (71.6%) and specificity (87.6%) were the best, and the recommended PDSS cut-off score was 79/80 for major depression, along with its best sensitivity (86.4%) and specificity (100%). The study concluded that EPDS and PDSS appear to be reliable assessments for major and minor depression among the Chinese pregnant women with obstetric complications. Combined use of these tools should consider lower cutoff scores to reduce the misdiagnosis and improve the screening validity. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Science Fiction on Film.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Burmester, David

1985-01-01

Reviews science fiction films used in a science fiction class. Discusses feature films, short science fiction films, short story adaptations, original science fiction pieces and factual science films that enrich literature. (EL)

Structure disorder degree of polysilicon thin films grown by different processing: Constant C from Raman spectroscopy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wang, Quan, E-mail: wangq@mail.ujs.edu.cn; State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000; Zhang, Yanmin

2013-11-14

Flat, low-stress, boron-doped polysilicon thin films were prepared on single crystalline silicon substrates by low pressure chemical vapor deposition. It was found that the polysilicon films with different deposition processing have different microstructure properties. The confinement effect, tensile stresses, defects, and the Fano effect all have a great influence on the line shape of Raman scattering peak. But the effect results are different. The microstructure and the surface layer are two important mechanisms dominating the internal stress in three types of polysilicon thin films. For low-stress polysilicon thin film, the tensile stresses are mainly due to the change of microstructuremore » after thermal annealing. But the tensile stresses in flat polysilicon thin film are induced by the silicon carbide layer at surface. After the thin film doped with boron atoms, the phenomenon of the tensile stresses increasing can be explained by the change of microstructure and the increase in the content of silicon carbide. We also investigated the disorder degree states for three polysilicon thin films by analyzing a constant C. It was found that the disorder degree of low-stress polysilicon thin film larger than that of flat and boron-doped polysilicon thin films due to the phase transformation after annealing. After the flat polysilicon thin film doped with boron atoms, there is no obvious change in the disorder degree and the disorder degree in some regions even decreases.« less

Utilization of starch films plasticized with urea as fertilizer for improvement of plant growth.

PubMed

Rychter, Piotr; Kot, Marta; Bajer, Krzysztof; Rogacz, Diana; Šišková, Alena; Kapuśniak, Janusz

2016-02-10

The utilization of starch films, obtained by extrusion of potato starch with urea as plasticizer, for the fertilization of plants has been undertaken. Release rate of urea from the starch films was conducted in water conditions. The molecular weight distribution, surface erosion and weight loss of the starch samples have been determined. The evaluation of efficiency of urea as a fertilizer in the process of release from the starch films was performed under laboratory conditions based on the plant growth test proposed by OECD 208 Guideline and the PN-ISO International Standard using oat and common radish. Although among extruded starch-based films, those that contain the highest amount of fertilizer hold the most promise for a delayed release system, the time of release of fertilizer from obtained films in undertaken study was not satisfactory. All the same, in the present study effort has been made to utilize extruded samples as a fertilizer for agriculture or horticulture purposes. Urea-plasticized starch was successfully used as a fertilizer. Plant growth assessment, including determination of such parameters as fresh and dry matter of plants and their visual evaluation, has proved the stimulating effect of using extruded films on the growth and development of cultivated plants. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Influence of the stretch wrapping process on the mechanical behavior of a stretch film

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Klein, Daniel; Stommel, Markus; Zimmer, Johannes

2018-05-01

Lightweight construction is an ongoing task in packaging development. Consequently, the stability of packages during transport is gaining importance. This study contributes to the optimization of lightweight packaging concepts regarding their stability. A very widespread packaging concept is the distribution of goods on a pallet whereas a Polyethylene (PE) stretch film stabilizes the lightweight structure during the shipment. Usually, a stretch wrapping machine applies this stretch film to the pallet. The objective of this study is to support packaging development with a method that predicts the result of the wrapping process, based on the mechanical characterization of the stretch film. This result is not only defined by the amount of stretch film, its spatial distribution on the pallet and its internal stresses that result in a containment force. More accurate, this contribution also considers the influence of the deformation history of the stretch film during the wrapping process. By focusing on similarities of stretch wrappers rather than on differences, the influence of generalized process parameters on stretch film mechanics and thereby on pallet stability can be determined experimentally. For a practical use, the predictive method is accumulated in an analytic model of the wrapping process that can be verified experimentally. This paves the way for experimental and numerical approaches regarding the optimization of pallet stability.

Norm Abram of 'This Old House' visits KSC to film for show

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2000-01-01

Astronaut John Herrington (left) shows a mockup of the U.S. Lab to Norm Abram, master carpenter of television's This Old House and The New Yankee Workshop. Abram is at KSC to film an episode of This Old House. The mockup lab is in the International Space Station Center, a tour facility.

Lights … action: Comparison of trauma films for use in the trauma film paradigm.

PubMed

Arnaudova, Inna; Hagenaars, Muriel A

2017-06-01

Affective films are often used in emotion research and negative films are frequently used as an analogue for trauma (trauma film paradigm). However, different films are used with possibly distinct consequences. We aimed to investigate specific effects of four negative films covering distinct themes (physical, sexual, traffic and food), and tested neutral and positive films with matching content. Self-reported emotional responses and heart rate during the films were examined (immediate responses) as well as intrusions of the films in the subsequent week (delayed responses). Within each theme, negative films were rated as more unpleasant than the positive and neutral counterparts. They also evoked more negative emotions and more intrusive memories. Across themes, the four negative films did not differ in terms of valence and arousal, but clearly differed on immediate (e.g., disgust, embarrassment, heart rate) and delayed (intrusions) effects. Thus, we urge researchers to carefully select negative films for their studies, as different films seem to evoke distinct emotional responses. In addition, using positive films within the same themes is recommended in order to control for effects of arousal. In general, the specific film material should be considered when comparing effects across studies. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Measuring mental well-being in Norway: validation of the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS).

PubMed

Smith, Otto R F; Alves, Daniele E; Knapstad, Marit; Haug, Ellen; Aarø, Leif E

2017-05-12

Mental well-being is an important, yet understudied, area of research, partly due to lack of appropriate population-based measures. The Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS) was developed to meet the needs for such a measure. This article assesses the psychometric properties of the Norwegian version of the WEMWBS, and its short-version (SWEMWBS) among a sample of primary health care patients who participated in the evaluation of Prompt Mental Health Care (PMHC), a novel Norwegian mental health care program aimed to increase access to treatment for anxiety and depression. Forward and back-translations were conducted, and 1168 patients filled out an electronic survey including the WEMWBS, and other mental health scales. The original dataset was randomly divided into a training sample (≈70%) and a validation sample (≈30%). Parallel analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were carried out to assess construct validity and precision. The final models were cross-validated in the validation sample by specifying a model with fixed parameters based on the estimates from the trainings set. Criterion validity and measurement invariance of the (S)WEMWBS were examined as well. Support was found for the single factor hypothesis in both scales, but similar to previous studies, only after a number of residuals were allowed to correlate (WEMWBS: CFI = 0.99; RMSEA = 0.06, SWEMWBS: CFI = .99; RMSEA = 0.06). Further analyses showed that the correlated residuals did not alter the meaning of the underlying construct and did not substantially affect the associations with other variables. Precision was high for both versions of the WEMWBS (>.80), and scalar measurement invariance was obtained for gender and age group. The final measurement models displayed adequate fit statistics in the validation sample as well. Correlations with other mental health scales were largely in line with expectations. No statistically significant differences were found in mean latent

Enhanced stimulated emission in ZnO thin films using microdisk top-down structuring

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nomenyo, K.; Kostcheev, S.; Lérondel, G.

2014-05-05

Microdisks were fabricated in zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films using a top-down approach combining electron beam lithography and reactive ion etching. These microdisk structured thin films exhibit a stimulated surface emission between 3 and 7 times higher than that from a reference film depending on the excitation power density. Emission peak narrowing, reduction in lasing threshold and blue-shifting of the emission wavelength were observed along with enhancement in the emitted intensity. Results indicate that this enhancement is due to an increase in the internal quantum efficiency combined with an amplification of the stimulated emission. An analysis in terms of waveguidingmore » is presented in order to explain these effects. These results demonstrate that very significant gains in emission can be obtained through conventional microstructuration without the need for more onerous top-down nanostructuration techniques.« less

Effects of Variable Properties in Film Cooled Turbulent Boundary Layers.

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-03-01

34 • . .. . . . ..... -.-.-.-...... ’- % A. TURBINE BLADE COOLING FUNDMENTALS For a given size gas turbine, raising the turbine entry temperature results in a...and film cooling principles as illustrated in Figure 5. Latter stages may employ internal convection cooling solely due to the lower gas temperatures...coordinate system used. Taking a differential element and applying the conservation principles of mass, momentum, and energy; the governing equations are

Use of a control film piece in radiochromic film dosimetry.

PubMed

Aldelaijan, Saad; Alzorkany, Faisal; Moftah, Belal; Buzurovic, Ivan; Seuntjens, Jan; Tomic, Nada; Devic, Slobodan

2016-01-01

Radiochromic films change their color upon irradiation due to polymerization of the sensitive component embedded within the sensitive layer. However, agents, other than monitored radiation, can lead to a change in the color of the sensitive layer (temperature, humidity, UV light) that can be considered as a background signal and can be removed from the actual measurement by using a control film piece. In this work, we investigate the impact of the use of control film pieces on both accuracy and uncertainty of dose measured using radiochromic film based reference dosimetry protocol. We irradiated "control" film pieces (EBT3 GafChromic(TM) film model) to known doses in a range of 0.05-1 Gy, and five film pieces of the same size to 2, 5, 10, 15 and 20 Gy, considered to be "unknown" doses. Depending on a dose range, two approaches to incorporating control film piece were investigated: signal and dose corrected method. For dose values greater than 10 Gy, the increase in accuracy of 3% led to uncertainty loss of 5% by using dose corrected approach. At lower doses and signals of the order of 5%, we observed an increase in accuracy of 10% with a loss of uncertainty lower than 1% by using the corrected signal approach. Incorporation of the signal registered by the control film piece into dose measurement analysis should be a judgment call of the user based on a tradeoff between deemed accuracy and acceptable uncertainty for a given dose measurement. Copyright © 2015 Associazione Italiana di Fisica Medica. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

International Conference on Langmuir-Blodgett Films (5th) Held in Paris, France on 26-30 August 1991, Abstracts Booklet

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-08-01

Fojihh LN.. aIsetiki, LA. Bazaheu*o, .Kaimx BP30 CI Photo-amplified stroget n y with Incorporation of non-amphiphilic compounds polyion complexed p...donor- films of N-acyl-p-nitroaniline and its acceptor organic compounds homologous amphiphile D. Zhu, C. Yang, Yu. Liu, Y. Xu Y..Mixamo, K, Kauiu, T...R. Kenn, H. MChwald, K. Kjaer, J. LB films of polyheterocyclic compounds with Als-Nielsen long alkyl chains HLNAkabam K. Fukuda, M. Ikeda, K

Validation of the Edinburgh Claudication Questionnaire in 1st generation Black African-Caribbean and South Asian UK migrants: a sub-study to the Ethnic-Echocardiographic Heart of England Screening (E-ECHOES) study.

PubMed

Bennett, Philip C; Lip, Gregory Y H; Silverman, Stanley; Blann, Andrew D; Gill, Paramjit S

2011-06-03

We determined the diagnostic accuracy of the Edinburgh Claudication Questionnaire (ECQ) in 1st generation Black African-Caribbean UK migrants as previous diagnostic questionnaires have been found to be less accurate in this population. We also determined the diagnostic accuracy of translated versions of the ECQ in 1st generation South Asian UK migrants, as this has not been investigated before. Subjects were recruited from the Ethnic-Echocardiographic Heart of England Screening (E-ECHOES) study, a community based screening survey for heart failure in minority ethnic groups. Translated versions of the ECQ were prepared following a recognised protocol. All participants attending screening between October 2007 and February 2009 were asked to complete the ECQ in the language of their choice (English, Punjabi, Bengali, Urdu, Hindi or Gujarati). Subjects answering positively to experiencing leg pain or discomfort on walking were asked to return to have Ankle Brachial Pressure Index (ABPI) measured. 154 out of 2831 subjects participating in E-ECHOES (5.4%) were eligible to participate in this sub-study, for which 74.3% returned for ABPI assessment. Non-responders were younger than participants (59[9] vs. 65[11] years; p=0.015). Punjabi, English and Bengali questionnaires identified participants with Intermittent Claudication, so these questionnaires were assessed. The sensitivities (SN), specificities (SP), positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive values were calculated. English: SN: 50%; SP: 68%; PPV: 43%; NPV: 74%. Punjabi: SN: 50%; SP: 87%; PPV: 43%; NPV: 90%. Bengali: SN: 33%; SP: 50%; PPV: 13%; NPV: 73%. There were significant differences in diagnostic accuracy between the 3 versions (Punjabi: 83.8%; Bengali: 45%; English: 62.2%; p<0.0001). No significant differences were found in sensitivity and specificity between illiterate and literate participants in any of the questionnaires and there was no significant different difference between those under and over 60

The rise of homosexuality and the dawn of communism in Hong Kong film: 1993-1998.

PubMed

Grossman, A

2000-01-01

I have designed this essay as a general overview of the self-evident trend towards queer subject matter in the past decade in Hong Kong film, a trend that not only coincides historically with the 1997 handover to the Mainland but also frequently comes equipped with parent-child relationships that can be read as allegories for the colony's future as the "child" to its mother country. Queerness in HK films has both alternated between and combined indigenous forms of queerness and the imported Western variety; by charting courses through internationalized concepts of homosexuality, HK films have posited their queerness not only as an existential allegory of (post)colonialism but also as a claim (or hope) for a utopian sexuality cum utopian international politics.

Thick Film Interference.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Trefil, James

1983-01-01

Discusses why interference effects cannot be seen with a thick film, starting with a review of the origin of interference patterns in thin films. Considers properties of materials in films, properties of the light source, and the nature of light. (JN)

High pressure and high temperature in situ X-ray diffraction studies in the Paris-Edinburgh cell using a laboratory X-ray source†

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Toulemonde, Pierre; Goujon, Céline; Laversenne, Laetitia; Bordet, Pierre; Bruyère, Rémy; Legendre, Murielle; Leynaud, Olivier; Prat, Alain; Mezouar, Mohamed

2014-04-01

We have developed a new laboratory experimental set-up to study in situ the pressure-temperature phase diagram of a given pure element or compound, its associated phase transitions, or the chemical reactions involved at high pressure and high temperature (HP-HT) between different solids and liquids. This new tool allows laboratory studies before conducting further detailed experiments using more brilliant synchrotron X-ray sources or before kinetic studies. This device uses the diffraction of X-rays produced by a quasi-monochromatic micro-beam source operating at the silver radiation (λ(Ag)Kα 1, 2≈0.56 Å). The experimental set-up is based on a VX Paris-Edinburgh cell equipped with tungsten carbide or sintered diamond anvils and uses standard B-epoxy 5 or 7 mm gaskets. The diffracted signal coming from the compressed (and heated) sample is collected on an image plate. The pressure and temperature calibrations were performed by diffraction, using conventional calibrants (BN, NaCl and MgO) for determination of the pressure, and by crossing isochores of BN, NaCl, Cu or Au for the determination of the temperature. The first examples of studies performed with this new laboratory set-up are presented in the article: determination of the melting point of germanium and magnesium under HP-HT, synthesis of MgB2 or C-diamond and partial study of the P, T phase diagram of MgH2.

Electrochemical Properties of Si Film Electrodes Containing TiNi Thin-Film Current Collectors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Im, Yeon-min; Noh, Jung-pil; Cho, Gyu-bong; Nam, Tea-hyun

2018-03-01

A 50.3Ti-49.7Ni thin film fabricated by DC sputtering was employed as a current collector of Si film electrode. The structural and electrochemical properties of Si/TiNi film electrode were compared with those of a Si/Cu film electrode. The TiNi film with cluster-like structures composed of B2 austenitic phase at room temperature displayed the high electrochemical stability for Li ions. The amorphous Si film deposited on the TiNi film also consisted of cluster-like structures on the surface. The Si film grown on the TiNi film current collector (Si/TiNi electrode) demonstrated a high columbic efficiency of 87% at the first cycle (363 μAh/cm2 of charge capacity and 314 μAh/cm2 of discharge capacity). The Si/TiNi electrode exhibited better electrochemical properties in terms of capacity, cycle performance, and structural stability compared to the Si electrode with a conventional Cu foil current collector.

Internal aeration of paddy field rice (Oryza sativa) during complete submergence---importance of light and floodwater O2.

PubMed

Winkel, Anders; Colmer, Timothy D; Ismail, Abdelbagi M; Pedersen, Ole

2013-03-01

Flash floods can submerge paddy field rice (Oryza sativa), with adverse effects on internal aeration, sugar status and survival. Here, we investigated the in situ aeration of roots of rice during complete submergence, and elucidated how underwater photosynthesis and floodwater pO(2) influence root aeration in anoxic soil. In the field, root pO(2) was measured using microelectrodes during 2 d of complete submergence. Leaf gas films that formed on the superhydrophobic leaves were left intact, or experimentally removed, to elucidate their effect on internal aeration. In darkness, root pO(2) declined to very low concentrations (0.24 kPa) and was strongly correlated with floodwater pO(2). In light, root pO(2) was high (14 kPa) and primarily a function of the incident light determining the rates of underwater net photosynthesis. Plants with intact leaf gas films maintained higher underwater net photosynthesis relative to plants without gas films when the submerged shoots were in light. During complete submergence, internal aeration of rice in the field relies on underwater photosynthesis during the day and entry of O(2) from the floodwater during the night. Leaf gas films enhance photosynthesis during submergence leading to improved O(2) production and sugar status, and therefore contribute to the submergence tolerance of rice. © 2012 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2012 New Phytologist Trust.

Controlling the optical parameters of self-assembled silver films with wetting layers and annealing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ciesielski, Arkadiusz; Skowronski, Lukasz; Trzcinski, Marek; Szoplik, Tomasz

2017-11-01

We investigated the influence of presence of Ni and Ge wetting layers as well as annealing on the permittivity of Ag films with thicknesses of 20, 35 and 65 nm. Most of the research on thin silver films deals with very small (<20 nm) or relatively large (≥50 nm) thicknesses. We studied the transition region (around 30 nm) from charge percolation pathways to fully continuous films and compared the values of optical parameters among silver layers with at least one fixed attribute (thickness, wetting and capping material, post-process annealing). Our study, based on atomic force microscopy, ellipsometric and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements, shows that utilizing a wetting layer is comparable to increasing the thickness of the silver film. Both operations decrease the roughness-to-thickness ratio, thus decreasing the scattering losses and both narrow the Lorentz-shaped interband transition peak. However, while increasing silver thickness increases absorption on the free carriers, the use of wetting layers influences the self-assembled internal structure of silver films in such a way, that the free carrier absorption decreases. Wetting layers also introduce additional contributions from effects like segregation or diffusion, which evolve in time and due to annealing.

Norm Abram of 'This Old House'visits KSC to film for show

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2000-01-01

Astronaut John Herrington (left) and Norm Abram, master carpenter of television's This Old House and The New Yankee Workshop, talk in front of a mockup of the U.S. Lab. Abram is at KSC to film an episode of This Old House. The mockup lab is in the International Space Station Center, a tour facility.

Regulating sadness and fear from outside and within: mothers' emotion socialization and adolescents' parasympathetic regulation predict the development of internalizing difficulties.

PubMed

Hastings, Paul D; Klimes-Dougan, Bonnie; Kendziora, Kimberly T; Brand, Ann; Zahn-Waxler, Carolyn

2014-11-01

Multilevel models of developmental psychopathology implicate both characteristics of the individual and their rearing environment in the etiology of internalizing problems and disorders. Maladaptive regulation of fear and sadness, the core of anxiety and depression, arises from the conjoint influences of ineffective parasympathetic regulation of emotion and ineffective emotion socialization experiences. In 171 youths (84 female, M = 13.69 years, SD = 1.84), we measured changes of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) in response to sadness- and fear-inducing film clips and maternal supportive and punitive responses to youths' internalizing emotions. Youths and mothers reported on youths' internalizing problems and anxiety and depression symptoms concurrently and 2 years later at Time 2. Maternal supportive emotion socialization predicted fewer, and punitive socialization predicted more, mother-reported internalizing problems at Time 2 only for youths who showed RSA suppression to fear-inducing films. More RSA suppression to sadness-inducing films predicted more youth-reported internalizing problems at Time 2 in girls only. In addition, less supportive emotion socialization predicted more youth-reported depression symptoms at Time 2 only for girls who showed more RSA suppression to sadness. RSA suppression to sadness versus fear might reflect different patterns of atypical parasympathetic regulation of emotional arousal, both of which increase the risk for internalizing difficulties in youths, and especially girls, who lack maternal support for regulating emotions.

Using non-invasive biomarkers to identify hepatic fibrosis in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: the Edinburgh type 2 diabetes study.

PubMed

Morling, Joanne R; Fallowfield, Jonathan A; Guha, Indra N; Nee, Lisa D; Glancy, Stephen; Williamson, Rachel M; Robertson, Christine M; Strachan, Mark W J; Price, Jackie F

2014-02-01

It is difficult to determine the different stages of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease without the use of invasive liver biopsy. In this study we investigated five non-invasive biomarkers used previously to detect hepatic fibrosis and determined the level of agreement between them in order to inform future research. In the Edinburgh Type 2 Diabetes Study, a population-based cohort aged 60-74 years with type 2 diabetes, 831 participants underwent ultrasound assessment for fatty liver and had serum aspartate aminotransferase to alanine aminotransferase ratio (AST/ALT), aspartate to platelet ratio index (APRI), European Liver Fibrosis panel (ELF), Fibrosis-4 Score (FIB4) and liver stiffness measurement (LSM) measured. Literature based cut-offs yielded marked differences in the proportions of the cohort with probable liver fibrosis in the full cohort. Agreement between the top 5% of the distribution for each biomarker pair was poor. APRI and FIB4 had the best positive agreement at 76.4%, but agreement for all of the other serum biomarker pairs was between 18% and 34%. Agreement with LSM was poor (9-16%). We found poor correlation between the five biomarkers of liver fibrosis studied. Using the top 5% of each biomarker resulted in good agreement on the absence of advanced liver disease but poor agreement on the presence of advanced disease. Further work is required to validate these markers against liver biopsy and to determine their predictive value for clinical liver-related endpoints, in a range of different low and high risk population groups.

Films--Too Good for Words. A Directory of Nonnarrated 16mm Films.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Parlato, Salvatore J., Jr.

A nonnarrated film is one that communicates pictorially on the strength of its visual unity, continuity, and coherence without relying on narration or dialogue. This directory lists 1,000 such 16mm films, mostly curriculum-oriented educational films, in three main parts. The first part describes films under subject headings such as the arts, other…

Durable solar mirror films

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

O'Neill, Mark B.; Henderson, Andrew J.; Hebrink, Timothy J.

The present disclosure generally relates to durable solar mirror films, methods of making durable solar mirror films, and constructions including durable solar mirror films. In one embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a solar mirror film comprising: a multilayer optical film layer including having a coefficient of hygroscopic expansion of less than about 30 ppm per percent relative humidity; and a reflective layer having a coefficient of hygroscopic expansion.

Durable solar mirror films

DOEpatents

O'Neill, Mark B.; Henderson, Andrew J.; Hebrink, Timothy J.; Katare, Rajesh K.; Jing, Naiyong; North, Diane; Peterson, Eric M.

2017-02-14

The present disclosure generally relates to durable solar mirror films, methods of making durable solar mirror films, and constructions including durable solar mirror films. In one embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a solar mirror film comprising: a multilayer optical film layer including having a coefficient of hygroscopic expansion of less than about 30 ppm per percent relative humidity; and a reflective layer having a coefficient of hygroscopic expansion.

Enhanced sensitivity for optical loss measurement in planar thin-films (Conference Presentation)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yuan, Hua-Kang

2016-09-01

An organic-inorganic hybrid material benefits from processing advantages of organics and high refractive indices of inorganics. We focus on a titanium oxide hydrate system combined with common bulk polymers. In particular, we target thin-film structures of a few microns in thickness. Traditional Beer-Lambert approaches for measuring optical losses can only provide an upper limit estimate. This sensitivity is highly limited when considering the low-losses required for mid-range optical applications, on the order of 0.1 cm-1. For intensity based measurements, improving the sensitivity requires an increase in the optical path length. Instead, a new sensitive technique suitable for simple planar thin films is required. A number of systems were modelled to measure optical losses in films of 1 micron thick. The presented techniques utilise evanescent waves and total internal reflection to increase optical path length through the material. It was found that a new way of using prism coupling provides the greatest improvement in sensitivity. In keeping the requirements on the material simple, this method for measuring loss is well suited to any future developments of new materials in thin-film structures.

Temperature-controlled transparent-film heater based on silver nanowire-PMMA composite film

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

He, Xin; Liu, A.'lei; Hu, Xuyang; Song, Mingxia; Duan, Feng; Lan, Qiuming; Xiao, Jundong; Liu, Junyan; Zhang, Mei; Chen, Yeqing; Zeng, Qingguang

2016-11-01

We fabricated a high-performance film heater based on a silver nanowire and polymethyl methacrylate (Ag NW-PMMA) composite film, which was synthesized with the assistance of mechanical lamination and an in situ transfer method. The films exhibit excellent conductivity, high figure of merit, and strong adhesion of percolation network to substrate. By controlling NW density, we prepared the films with a transmittance of 44.9-85.0% at 550 nm and a sheet resistance of 0.13-1.40 Ω sq-1. A stable temperature ranging from 130 °C-40 °C was generated at 3.0 V within 10-30 s, indicating that the resulting film heaters show a rapid thermal response, low driving voltage and stable temperature recoverability. Furthermore, we demonstrated the applications of the film heater in defrosting and a physical therapeutic instrument. A fast defrosting on the composite film with a transmittance of 88% was observed by applying a 9 V driving voltage for 20 s. Meanwhile, we developed a physical therapeutic instrument with two modes of thermotherapy and electronic-pulse massage by using the composite films as two electrodes, greatly decreasing the weight and power consumption compared to a traditional instrument. Therefore, Ag NW-PMMA film can be a promising candidate for diversified heating applications.

Coulombic interactions on the deposition and rotational mobility distributions of dyes in polyelectrolyte multilayer thin films.

PubMed

Li, Ye; Yip, Wai Tak

2004-12-07

We employed negatively charged fluorescein (FL), positively charged rhodamine 6G (R6G), and neutral Nile Red (NR) as molecular probes to investigate the influence of Coulombic interaction on their deposition into and rotational mobility inside polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) films. The entrapment efficiency of the dyes reveals that while Coulombic repulsion has little effect on dye deposition, Coulombic attraction can dramatically enhance the loading efficiency of dyes into a PEM film. By monitoring the emission polarization of single dye molecules in polyethylenimine (PEI) films, the percentages of mobile R6G, NR, and FL were determined to be 87 +/- 4%, 76 +/- 5%, and 68 +/- 3%, respectively. These mobility distributions suggest that cationic R6G enjoys the highest degree of rotational freedom, whereas anionic FL shows the least mobility because of Coulombic attraction toward cationic PEI. Regardless of charges, this high percentage of mobile molecules is in stark contrast to the 5-40% probe mobility reported from spun-cast polymer films, indicating that our PEI films contain more free volume and display richer polymer dynamics. These observations demonstrate the potential of using isolated fluorescent probes to interrogate the internal structure of a PEM film at a microscopic level.

Buy, Borrow, or Steal? Film Access for Film Studies Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rodgers, Wendy

2018-01-01

Libraries offer a mix of options to serve the film studies curriculum: streaming video, DVDs on Reserve, and streaming DVDs through online classrooms. Some professors screen films and lend DVDs to students. But how do students obtain the films required for their courses? How would they prefer to do so? These are among the questions explored using…

Design and application of squeeze film dampers for turbomachinery stabilization

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gunter, E. J.; Barrett, L. E.; Allaire, P. E.

1975-01-01

The steady-state transient response of the squeeze film damper bearing was investigated. Both the steady-state and transient equations for the hydrodynamic bearing forces are derived; the steady-state equations were used to determine the damper equivalent stiffness and damping coefficients. These coefficients are used to find the damper configuration which will provide the optimum support characteristics based on a stability analysis of the rotor-bearing system. The effects of end seals and cavitated fluid film are included. The transient analysis of rotor-bearing systems was conducted by coupling the damping and rotor equations and integrating forward in time. The effects of unbalance, cavitation, and retainer springs are included. Methods of determining the stability of a rotor-bearing system under the influence of aerodynamic forces and internal shaft friction are discussed.

Characterization and Evaluation of Ti-Zr-V Non-evaporable Getter Films Used in Vacuum Systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ferreira, M. J.; Seraphim, R. M.; Ramirez, A. J.; Tabacniks, M. H.; Nascente, P. A. P.

Among several methods used to obtain ultra-high vacuum (UHV) for particles accelerators chambers, it stands out the internal coating with metallic films capable of absorbing gases, called NEG (non-evaporable getter). Usually these materials are constituted by elements of great chemical reactivity and solubility (such as Ti, Zr, and V), at room temperature for oxygen and other gases typically found in UHV, such as H2, CO, and CO2. Gold and ternary Ti-Zr-V films were produced by magnetron sputtering, and their composition, structure, morphology, and aging characteristics were characterized by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission gun sc anning electronmicroscopy (FEG-SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The comparison between the produced films and commercial samples indicated that the desirable characteristics depend on the nanometric structure of the films and that this structure is sensitive to the heat treatments.

Effects of polyethylene film wrap on cooler shrink and the microbial status of beef carcasses.

PubMed

Sampaio, Guilherme S L; Pflanzer-Júnior, Sérgio B; Roça, Roberto de O; Casagrande, Leandro; Bedeschi, Elaine A; Padovani, Carlos R; Miguel, Giulianna Z; Santos, Carolina T; Girão, Lucio V C; Miranda, Zander B; Franco, Robson M

2015-02-01

The present study evaluated the use of polyethylene film wrapping of beef half carcasses and its effects on cooler shrink, cooling characteristics and microbial status of the half carcasses. Film wrapping reduced cooler shrink by 55.2%, 43.1%, 36.0% and 30% after 24, 48, 72 and 96 h of cooling, respectively, compared to the unwrapped half carcasses, whereas the surface water activity showed no significant differences among the time periods. The wrapped half carcasses had a lower cooling rate and higher surface and internal temperatures. The highest values of the aerobic mesophiles, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterobacteriaceae were found in the half carcasses wrapped in film. No significant differences were found in the values of Escherichia coli. The polyethylene film was effective in reducing cooler shrink; however, it caused a delay in cooling, thereby enabling greater microbial occurrences and counts and impairing the hygienic and sanitary conditions of the carcasses, which may be an impediment to the practical application of this technology.

Residual stress analysis for oxide thin film deposition on flexible substrate using finite element method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Hsi-Chao; Huang, Chen-Yu; Lin, Ssu-Fan; Chen, Sheng-Hui

2011-09-01

Residual or internal stresses directly affect a variety of phenomena including adhesion, generation of crystalline defects, perfection of epitaxial layers and formation of film surface growths such as hillocks and whiskers. Sputtering oxide films with high density promote high compressive stress, and it offers researchers a reference if the value of residual stress could be analyzed directly. Since, the study of residual stress of SiO2 and Nb2O5 thin film deposited by DC magnetron sputtered on hard substrate (BK7) and flexible substrate (PET and PC). A finite element method (FEM) with an equivalent-reference-temperature (ERT) technique had been proposed and used to model and evaluate the intrinsic strains of layered structures. The research has improved the equivalent reference temperature (ERT) technique of the simulation of intrinsic strain for oxygen film. The results have also generalized two models connecting to the lattice volume to predict the residual stress of hard substrate and flexible substrate with error of 3% and 6%, respectively.

A new model for the blown film process

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Demay, Yves; Clamond, Didier

2011-11-01

Polymer films are generally manufactured by film blowing. In this process the polymer (a polyethylene for example) is molten in a screw extruder and forced into a tubular die (typical dimensions are several decimeters in diameter and about one mm in thickness). At extrusion, it forms a liquid tube which is simultaneously drawn in the vertical direction by nip rolls, inflated by an internal pressure and cooled by external air rings. Typical dimensions of the bubble at take up are 1 m or more in diameter and several 10 μm in thickness. From a mechanical point of view, it is an extensional thin layer flow. Readers not familiar with this process will find easily pictures and schematic descriptions with a web research using keywords blown film extrusion. In order to simplify, it is assumed that the temperature profile is known and that the molten polymer behaves as a Newtonian fluid. This crude rheological behavior allows to capture qualitatively an important part of observed phenomena. The classical model introduced by Pearson and Petrie in 1970 is based on three hypothesis: the polymer flow in air is steady and axisymmetric and the film is thin. It uses a tangent frame affixed to the membrane to describe kinematics and to compute stress and strain tensors. In this model the balance equations are written using a stretching force and a curvature equation. It results in a nonlinear system of differential equations for velocity, thickness, radius and stress components according to distance z to extrusion. Solution is then computed using a tedious shooting method to determine force and internal pressure. For stability reasons this system of equations is solved from take up to extrusion. In this Note we derive also balance equations according to a curvilinear abscissa s. It allows us to derive a coupled system of equations for velocity and geometry according to radius r. This strategy which is classically used to determine surfaces of revolution with given mean curvature

Chronicles of foam films.

PubMed

Gochev, G; Platikanov, D; Miller, R

2016-07-01

The history of the scientific research on foam films, traditionally known as soap films, dates back to as early as the late 17th century when Boyle and Hooke paid special attention to the colours of soap bubbles. Their inspiration was transferred to Newton, who began systematic study of the science of foam films. Over the next centuries, a number of scientists dealt with the open questions of the drainage, stability and thickness of foam films. The significant contributions of Plateau and Gibbs in the middle/late 19th century are particularly recognized. After the "colours" method of Newton, Reinold and Rücker as well as Johhonnot developed optical methods for measuring the thickness of the thinner "non-colour" films (first order black) that are still in use today. At the beginning of the 20th century, various aspects of the foam film science were elucidated by the works of Dewar and Perrin and later by Mysels. Undoubtedly, the introduction of the disjoining pressure by Derjaguin and the manifestation of the DLVO theory in describing the film stability are considered as milestones in the theoretical development of foam films. The study of foam films gained momentum with the introduction of the microscopic foam film methodology by Scheludko and Exerowa, which is widely used today. This historical perspective serves as a guide through the chronological development of knowledge on foam films achieved over several centuries. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Low threshold field emission from high-quality cubic boron nitride films

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Teii, Kungen; Matsumoto, Seiichiro

2012-05-01

Field emission performance of materials with mixed sp2/sp3 phases often depends upon the phase composition at the surface. In this study, the emission performance of high-quality cubic boron nitride (cBN) films is studied in terms of phase purity. Thick cBN films consisting of micron-sized grains are prepared from boron trifluoride gas by chemical vapor deposition in a plasma jet and an inductively coupled plasma. Both the bulk and surface phase purities as well as crystallinities of cBN evaluated by visible and ultraviolet Raman spectroscopy, glancing-angle x-ray diffraction, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy are the highest when the film is deposited in a plasma jet under an optimized condition. The emission turn-on field decreases with increasing the phase purity, down to around 5 V/μm for the highest cBN purity, due to the larger field enhancement, while it is higher than 14 V/μm without cBN (sp2-bonded hexagonal BN only). The results indicate that the total field enhancement for the high phase purity film is governed by the internal field amplification related to the surface coverage of more conductive cBN, rather than the external one related to the surface topology or roughness.

Norm Abram of 'This Old House' visits KSC to film for show

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2000-01-01

In the Space Station Processing Facility, Steve Thomas (center), looks at a model of the International Space Station being held by a worker. Thomas is host of the television series This Old House. In the foreground and at right are crew members of the television series. They are at KSC to film an episode of the series.

[Study on single-walled carbon nanotube thin film photoelectric device].

PubMed

Xie, Wen-bin; Zhu, Yong; Gong, Tian-cheng; Chen, Yu-lin; Zhang, Jie

2015-01-01

The single-walled carbon nanotube film photoelectric device was invented, and it can generate net photocurrent under bias voltage when it is illuminated by the laser. The influences of bias voltage, laser power and illuminating position on the net photocurrent were investigated. The experimental results showed that when the center of the film was illuminated, the photocurrent increased with the applied bias, but tended to saturate as the laser power increased. As the voltage and the laser power reached 0. 2 V and 22. 7 mW respectively, the photocurrent reached 0. 24 µA. When the voltage was removed, the photocurrent varied with the laser illuminating position on the film and its value was distributed symmetrically about the center of the device. The photocurrent reached maximum and almost zero respectively when the laser illuminated on two ends and the center of the film. Analysis proposes that the net photocurrent can be generated due to internal photoelectric effect when the device is under voltage and the laser illuminates on the center of the film. It can be also generated due to photo-thermoelectric effect when the device is under no voltage and the laser illuminates on the film, and the relation between the net photocurrent and the illuminating position was derived according to the nature of thermoelectric power of single-walled carbon nanotubes with the established temperature model, which coincides with experimental result. Two effects are the reasons for the generation and variety of the net photocurrent and they superimpose to form the result of the net photocurrent when the device is under general conditions of voltage and laser illuminating position. The device has potential applications in the areas of photovoltaic device and optical sensor for its characteristic.

Water depth penetration film test

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lockwood, H. E.; Perry, L.; Sauer, G. E.; Lamar, N. T.

1974-01-01

As part of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Earth Resources Program, a comparative and controlled evaluation of nine film-filter combinations was completed to establish the relative effectiveness in recording water subsurface detail if exposed from an aerial platform over a typical water body. The films tested, with one exception, were those which prior was suggested had potential. These included an experimental 2-layer positive color film, a 2-layer (minus blue layer) film, a normal 3-layer color film, a panchromatic black-and-white film, and a black-and-white infrared film. Selective filtration was used with all films.

[Development and prospect on skeletal age evaluation methods of X-ray film].

PubMed

Wang, Ya-hui; Zhu, Guang-you; Qiao, Ke; Bian, Shi-zhong; Fan, Li-hua; Cheng, Yi-bin; Ying, Chong-liang; Shen, Yan

2007-10-01

The traditional methods of skeletal age estimation mainly include Numeration, Atlas, and Counting scores. In recent years, other new methods were proposed by several scholars. Utilizing image logical characteristics of X-ray film to extrapolate skeletal age is a key means by present forensic medicine workers in evaluating skeletal age. However, there exist some variations when we present the conclusion of skeletal age as an "evidence" directly to the Justice Trial Authority. In order to enhance the accuracy of skeletal age determination, further investigation for appropriate methodology should be undertaken. After a collective study of pertinent domestic and international literatures, we present this review of the research and advancement on skeletal age evaluation methods of X-ray film.

Evaluation and mitigation of potential errors in radiochromic film dosimetry due to film curvature at scanning.

PubMed

Palmer, Antony L; Bradley, David A; Nisbet, Andrew

2015-03-08

This work considers a previously overlooked uncertainty present in film dosimetry which results from moderate curvature of films during the scanning process. Small film samples are particularly susceptible to film curling which may be undetected or deemed insignificant. In this study, we consider test cases with controlled induced curvature of film and with film raised horizontally above the scanner plate. We also evaluate the difference in scans of a film irradiated with a typical brachytherapy dose distribution with the film naturally curved and with the film held flat on the scanner. Typical naturally occurring curvature of film at scanning, giving rise to a maximum height 1 to 2 mm above the scan plane, may introduce dose errors of 1% to 4%, and considerably reduce gamma evaluation passing rates when comparing film-measured doses with treatment planning system-calculated dose distributions, a common application of film dosimetry in radiotherapy. The use of a triple-channel dosimetry algorithm appeared to mitigate the error due to film curvature compared to conventional single-channel film dosimetry. The change in pixel value and calibrated reported dose with film curling or height above the scanner plate may be due to variations in illumination characteristics, optical disturbances, or a Callier-type effect. There is a clear requirement for physically flat films at scanning to avoid the introduction of a substantial error source in film dosimetry. Particularly for small film samples, a compression glass plate above the film is recommended to ensure flat-film scanning. This effect has been overlooked to date in the literature.

Getting into Film.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

London, Mel

This book describes the various aspects of the film industry and the many jobs related to filmmaking, stressing that no "formula" exists for finding a successful career in the film industry. Chapters provide information on production, writing for film, cinematography, editing, music, sound, animation and graphics, acting and modeling, the "unsung…

The Sponsored Film.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Klein, Walter J.

For public relations professionals and would-be sponsors of films, this book provides guidelines for understanding the film medium and its potential as a persuasive force in industry, government, organizations, and religious orders. For filmmakers, it brings together practical information needed to survive in the sponsored-film industry and to…

Film Reviews

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dowling, John, Ed.

1976-01-01

Reviews five instructional films on: P-N junctions; crystal diodes; nuclear fusion research; Schlieren photography; and the energy crisis; including discussions of solar, nuclear, and fossil fuel energy. Also lists numerous other available films. (MLH)

Film Boxes.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Osterer, Irv

2002-01-01

Presents an art lesson in which students created three-dimensional designs for 35mm film packages to improve graphic arts learning. Describes how the students examined and created film boxes using QuarkXPress software. (CMK)

Changes in the temperature-dependent specific volume of supported polystyrene films with film thickness.

PubMed

Huang, Xinru; Roth, Connie B

2016-06-21

Recent studies have measured or predicted thickness-dependent shifts in density or specific volume of polymer films as a possible means of understanding changes in the glass transition temperature Tg(h) with decreasing film thickness with some experimental works claiming unrealistically large (25%-30%) increases in film density with decreasing thickness. Here we use ellipsometry to measure the temperature-dependent index of refraction of polystyrene (PS) films supported on silicon and investigate the validity of the commonly used Lorentz-Lorenz equation for inferring changes in density or specific volume from very thin films. We find that the density (specific volume) of these supported PS films does not vary by more than ±0.4% of the bulk value for film thicknesses above 30 nm, and that the small variations we do observe are uncorrelated with any free volume explanation for the Tg(h) decrease exhibited by these films. We conclude that the derivation of the Lorentz-Lorenz equation becomes invalid for very thin films as the film thickness approaches ∼20 nm, and that reports of large density changes greater than ±1% of bulk for films thinner than this likely suffer from breakdown in the validity of this equation or in the difficulties associated with accurately measuring the index of refraction of such thin films. For larger film thicknesses, we do observed small variations in the effective specific volume of the films of 0.4 ± 0.2%, outside of our experimental error. These shifts occur simultaneously in both the liquid and glassy regimes uniformly together starting at film thicknesses less than ∼120 nm but appear to be uncorrelated with Tg(h) decreases; possible causes for these variations are discussed.

Combination film/splash fill for overcoming film fouling

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Phelps, P.M.; Minett, T.O.

1995-02-01

In summary, this large cooling tower user has found the Phelps film/splash Stack-Pack fill design to attain a substantial improvement in capability of their existing crossflow cooling towers, without increasing fan power or tower size. The lack of fouling in the film fill component of this fill design is due to the use of film fill with large (1 inch) spacing between sheets, coupled with effective water treatment as provided by Nalco. This combination of factors provides a proven method for significantly increasing crossflow or counterflow cooling tower capability while minimizing chances of serious fill fouling.

Using Feature Film in the Teaching of History: The Practitioner Decision-Making Dynamic

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Donnelly, Debra

2014-01-01

Historical feature film can engage and motivate today's visually orientated students and provide a bridge between the school and life world of a youth culture habituated to communication via numerous electronic portals. It is not surprising that international scholarship suggests that these multi-modal recreations of the past are being used as…

Associations between respiratory sinus arrhythmia reactivity and internalizing and externalizing symptoms are emotion specific

PubMed Central

Fortunato, Christine K.; Gatzke-Kopp, Lisa M.; Ram, Nilam

2015-01-01

Internalizing and externalizing disorders are often, though inconsistently in studies of young children, associated with low baseline levels of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA). RSA is thus considered to reflect the capacity for flexible and regulated affective reactivity and a general propensity for psychopathology. However, studies assessing RSA reactivity to emotional challenges tend to report more consistent associations with internalizing than with externalizing disorders, although it is unclear whether this is a function of the type of emotion challenges used. In the present study, we examined whether baseline RSA was associated with internalizing and/or externalizing severity in a sample of 273 young children (ages 5–6) with elevated symptoms of psychopathology. Following motivation-based models of emotion, we also tested whether RSA reactivity during withdrawal-based (fear, sadness) and approach-based (happiness, anger) emotion inductions was differentially associated with internalizing and externalizing symptoms, respectively. Baseline RSA was not associated with externalizing or internalizing symptom severity. However, RSA reactivity to specific emotional challenges was associated differentially with each symptom domain. As expected, internalizing symptom severity was associated with greater RSA withdrawal (increased arousal) during fearful and sad film segments. Conversely, externalizing symptom severity was related to blunted RSA withdrawal during a happy film segment. The use of theoretically derived stimuli may be important in characterizing the nature of the deficits in emotion processing that differentiate the internalizing and externalizing domains of psychopathology. PMID:23233122

Synthesis of Ti-doped DLC film on SS304 steels by Filtered Cathodic Vacuum Arc (FCVA) technique for tribological improvement

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bootkul, D.; Saenphinit, N.; Supsermpol, B.; Aramwit, C.; Intarasiri, S.

2014-08-01

Currently, stainless steels are widely used in various industrial applications due to their excellence in toughness and corrosion resistance. But their resistance to wear needs to be improved for appropriate use in tribological applications. The Filtered Cathodic Vacuum Arc (FCVA) is a superior technique for forming a high-density film structure of amorphous carbon, especially for a tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C) type, because it can produce a plasma of highly energetic ions that can penetrate into a growing coating, resulting in densification of the film. However, this technique tends to generate high internal stress, due to serious accumulation of energy in the film structure that then leads to film delamination. In general, there are numerous solutions that have been used to reduce the internal stress. DLC with various additive elements such as Ti, Cr or W as strong-carbide-forming (SCF) metals is one of the popular methods to provide attractive combinations of properties of wear resistance and film adhesion as well as reducing the internal stress. The present study was focused on investigation of titanium-doped DLC coating on SS304 steel, mainly for adhesion improvement in optimizing for tribological applications. The synthesized films were formed by the FCVA technique at normal substrate temperature. In the experimental set-up, the films were produced by mixing the titanium and carbon ions generated by dual cathode plasma source operating in synchronous pulsed mode. Their compositions were adjusted by varying the relative duration of the pulse length from each cathode. Titanium doping concentration was varied from pure DLC deposition as the control group to titanium and graphite trigger pulses ratios of 1:16, 1:12, 1:10, 1:8 and 1:4, as the Ti-doped DLC group. The results showed that by increasing titanium trigger pulses ratio from 1:16, 1:12, 1:10 and 1:8, respectively, the film adhesion was increased while the wear rate did not change significantly as

Ceramic Composite Thin Films

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dikin, Dmitriy A. (Inventor); Nguyen, SonBinh T. (Inventor); Ruoff, Rodney S. (Inventor); Stankovich, Sasha (Inventor)

2013-01-01

A ceramic composite thin film or layer includes individual graphene oxide and/or electrically conductive graphene sheets dispersed in a ceramic (e.g. silica) matrix. The thin film or layer can be electrically conductive film or layer depending the amount of graphene sheets present. The composite films or layers are transparent, chemically inert and compatible with both glass and hydrophilic SiOx/silicon substrates. The composite film or layer can be produced by making a suspension of graphene oxide sheet fragments, introducing a silica-precursor or silica to the suspension to form a sol, depositing the sol on a substrate as thin film or layer, at least partially reducing the graphene oxide sheets to conductive graphene sheets, and thermally consolidating the thin film or layer to form a silica matrix in which the graphene oxide and/or graphene sheets are dispersed.