Gifted and Talented Education (GATE): Student and Parent Perspectives

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Young, Mary Hahn; Balli, Sandra J.

2014-01-01

This qualitative study explored student and parent perspectives on the extent to which gifted and talented programs met the educational needs of gifted students in Grades 4 to 7. Fifty-two interviews were conducted with students and parents from 10 public schools including seven neighborhood schools and three magnet schools. Participant…

The GATE Way to Equity.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Belz, Helene F.

Systematic observations of thousands of high school students in the California Mentally Gifted Minors/Gifted and Talented Education programs identified five principles underlying the development of high level thinking skills in this population: (1) Exceptional performance on any criterion requires mutually reinforcing antecedents, the effects of…

GATE Center for Automotive Fuel Cell Systems at Virginia Tech

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nelson, Douglas

2011-09-30

The Virginia Tech GATE Center for Automotive Fuel Cell Systems (CAFCS) achieved the following objectives in support of the domestic automotive industry: Expanded and updated fuel cell and vehicle technologies education programs; Conducted industry directed research in three thrust areas development and characterization of materials for PEM fuel cells; performance and durability modeling for PEM fuel cells; and fuel cell systems design and optimization, including hybrid and plug-in hybrid fuel cell vehicles; Developed MS and Ph.D. engineers and scientists who are pursuing careers related to fuel cells and automotive applications; Published research results that provide industry with new knowledge whichmore » contributes to the advancement of fuel cell and vehicle systems commercialization. With support from the Dept. of Energy, the CAFCS upgraded existing graduate course offerings; introduced a hands-on laboratory component that make use of Virginia Tech's comprehensive laboratory facilities, funded 15 GATE Fellowships over a five year period; and expanded our program of industry interaction to improve student awareness of challenges and opportunities in the automotive industry. GATE Center graduate students have a state-of-the-art research experience preparing them for a career to contribute to the advancement fuel cell and vehicle technologies.« less

Making the Connection.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Renyi, Judith

1997-01-01

Designed by the National Foundation for the Improvement of education, Bill Gates's The Road Ahead Program features extensive Internet access for all students and teacher opportunities to work with networks and multimedia technologies. Each school in the 22 participating communities is paired with a community organization. Staff development should…

Quants at the Gate: The Unique Education of Actuaries

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Halfond, Jay A.; Horwitz, Lois K.

2012-01-01

An academic discipline and a profession eventually converge through the relationship, division of labor and trust between universities and professional associations--and their mutual respect for the authority and the respective roles of one another. Sometimes, professional associations evaluate academic programs or even provide an examination at…

Artificial neuron synapse transistor based on silicon nanomembrane on plastic substrate

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Minjie; Huang, Gaoshan; Feng, Ping; Guo, Qinglei; Shao, Feng; Tian, Ziao; Li, Gongjin; Wan, Qing; Mei, Yongfeng

2017-06-01

Silicon nanomembrane (SiNM) transistors gated by chitosan membrane were fabricated on plastic substrate to mimic synapse behaviors. The device has both a bottom proton gate (BG) and multiple side gates (SG). Electrical transfer properties of BG show hysteresis curves different from those of typical SiO2 gate dielectric. Synaptic behaviors and functions by linear accumulation and release of protons have been mimicked on this device: excitatory post-synaptic current (EPSC) and paired pulse facilitation behavior of biological synapses were mimicked and the paired-pulse facilitation index could be effectively tuned by the spike interval applied on the BG. Synaptic behaviors and functions, including short-term memory and long-term memory, were also experimentally demonstrated in BG mode. Meanwhile, spiking logic operation and logic modulation were realized in SG mode. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51322201), the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (No. 20120071110025), and Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (No. 14JC1400200).

Radiation Effects On Emerging Electronic Materials And Devices

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-01-17

RADIATION EFFECTS ON EMERGING ELECTRONIC MATERIALS AND DEVICES FINAL PERFORMANCE REPORT PREPARED FOR: Kitt Reinhardt AFOSR/NE 875 N...and the other with metal gates and a high-K gate dielectric. These devices were programmed using both back-gate pulse and gate induced drain leakage... metal gate process GIDL method Fig. 1. Sensing margin as a function of total ionizing dose for nMOS 1T-DRAM cells programmed by back-gate pulse and

Integrating MOOCS into Traditional Higher Education: The Emerging "MOOC 3.0" Era

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sandeen, Cathy

2013-01-01

This article provides a brief history of massive open online courses (MOOCs), a snapshot of the rapidly evolving issue of credit recognition, and the integration of MOOCs into traditional degree programs, like the Gates Foundation-funded MOOCs-For-Credit Research Project. The article notes that MOOCs have accelerated innovation, especially in…

Does Financial Aid Impact College Student Engagement?: Evidence from the Gates Millennium Scholars Program

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Boatman, Angela; Long, Bridget Terry

2016-01-01

While increasing numbers of students have gained access to higher education during the last several decades, postsecondary persistence and academic success remain serious concerns with only about half of college entrants completing degrees. Given concerns about affordability and resources, policymakers and administrators wonder how financial aid…

How ASCD Supports the Common Core

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mercado, Efrain; Britt, Sherida

2013-01-01

As the Common Core State Standards Initiative moved from the development and adoption of the standards to their implementation, ASCD embarked on a multifaceted program to help educators understand and implement the new standards. With support from a $3 million grant from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, ASCD has enacted a three-pronged…

Really, Bounty Gate in Youth Sports?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Newman, Richard E.

2014-01-01

Developing a sound coaching philosophy is one of the most important tasks associated with a quality coaching education program. The philosophy must be based on one's own values and beliefs, but it must also be congruent with the values of a particular model of sport. Thus, the processes of sport participation should exceed the product of…

Expanding Access and Opportunity: The Impact of the Gates Millennium Scholars Program

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ramsey, Jennifer

2010-01-01

In 1999, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation began an innovative scholarship program that provides full financial support to low-income minority students across the United States. The Gates Millennium Scholars (GMS) program has already awarded more than 10,000 scholarships to exceptional students, with the ultimate goal of funding at least…

76 FR 21404 - National Park Service Alaska Region's Subsistence Resource Commission (SRC) Program

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-15

... Resource Commission (SRC) program. SUMMARY: The Gates of the Arctic National Park SRC will meet to develop... to do so. Gates of the Arctic National Park SRC Meeting Date and Location: The Gates of the Arctic... weather or local circumstances. For Further Information on the Gates of the Arctic National Park SRC...

Influence of white light illumination on the performance of a-IGZO thin film transistor under positive gate-bias stress

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tang, Lan-Feng; Yu, Guang; Lu, Hai; Wu, Chen-Fei; Qian, Hui-Min; Zhou, Dong; Zhang, Rong; Zheng, You-Dou; Huang, Xiao-Ming

2015-08-01

The influence of white light illumination on the stability of an amorphous InGaZnO thin film transistor is investigated in this work. Under prolonged positive gate bias stress, the device illuminated by white light exhibits smaller positive threshold voltage shift than the device stressed under dark. There are simultaneous degradations of field-effect mobility for both stressed devices, which follows a similar trend to that of the threshold voltage shift. The reduced threshold voltage shift under illumination is explained by a competition between bias-induced interface carrier trapping effect and photon-induced carrier detrapping effect. It is further found that white light illumination could even excite and release trapped carriers originally exiting at the device interface before positive gate bias stress, so that the threshold voltage could recover to an even lower value than that in an equilibrium state. The effect of photo-excitation of oxygen vacancies within the a-IGZO film is also discussed. Project supported by the State Key Program for Basic Research of China (Grant Nos. 2011CB301900 and 2011CB922100) and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, China.

Genetic programs constructed from layered logic gates in single cells

PubMed Central

Moon, Tae Seok; Lou, Chunbo; Tamsir, Alvin; Stanton, Brynne C.; Voigt, Christopher A.

2014-01-01

Genetic programs function to integrate environmental sensors, implement signal processing algorithms and control expression dynamics1. These programs consist of integrated genetic circuits that individually implement operations ranging from digital logic to dynamic circuits2–6, and they have been used in various cellular engineering applications, including the implementation of process control in metabolic networks and the coordination of spatial differentiation in artificial tissues. A key limitation is that the circuits are based on biochemical interactions occurring in the confined volume of the cell, so the size of programs has been limited to a few circuits1,7. Here we apply part mining and directed evolution to build a set of transcriptional AND gates in Escherichia coli. Each AND gate integrates two promoter inputs and controls one promoter output. This allows the gates to be layered by having the output promoter of an upstream circuit serve as the input promoter for a downstream circuit. Each gate consists of a transcription factor that requires a second chaperone protein to activate the output promoter. Multiple activator–chaperone pairs are identified from type III secretion pathways in different strains of bacteria. Directed evolution is applied to increase the dynamic range and orthogonality of the circuits. These gates are connected in different permutations to form programs, the largest of which is a 4-input AND gate that consists of 3 circuits that integrate 4 inducible systems, thus requiring 11 regulatory proteins. Measuring the performance of individual gates is sufficient to capture the behaviour of the complete program. Errors in the output due to delays (faults), a common problem for layered circuits, are not observed. This work demonstrates the successful layering of orthogonal logic gates, a design strategy that could enable the construction of large, integrated circuits in single cells. PMID:23041931

A Novel Implementation of Efficient Algorithms for Quantum Circuit Synthesis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zeller, Luke

In this project, we design and develop a computer program to effectively approximate arbitrary quantum gates using the discrete set of Clifford Gates together with the T gate (π/8 gate). Employing recent results from Mosca et. al. and Giles and Selinger, we implement a decomposition scheme that outputs a sequence of Clifford, T, and Tt gates that approximate the input to within a specified error range ɛ. Specifically, the given gate is first rounded to an element of Z[1/2, i] with a precision determined by ɛ, and then exact synthesis is employed to produce the resulting gate. It is known that this procedure is optimal in approximating an arbitrary single qubit gate. Our program, written in Matlab and Python, can complete both approximate and exact synthesis of qubits. It can be used to assist in the experimental implementation of an arbitrary fault-tolerant single qubit gate, for which direct implementation isn't feasible.

The 1982-83 Promotional Gates Program: Mid-Year Assessment and Analysis of August, 1982 and January, 1983 Test Results. O.E.E. Evaluation Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Opperman, Prudence; And Others

The Promotional Gates Program was initiated in the New York City Public Schools in order to set and maintain citywide curriculum and performance standards, identify students unable to meet the minimum standards, and provide remedial instruction. Under this program, the promotional policy sets "gates" at grades 4 and 7; students unable to…

Shaping the Navy’s Acquisition Workforce

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-06-01

Technology, and Logistics Workforce Education, Training, and Career Development Program xiv DON Department of the Navy FAI Federal Acquisition...approximately 53% of the federal AW ( FAI , 2011), meaning that the DoD absorbed the majority of the reductions. The manpower reductions were deemed necessary to...current debates (Gates, 2009). Former USD for Personnel & Readiness Bernard Rostker, writing for RAND, states that the extensive use of contractors

76 FR 57763 - Alaska Region's Subsistence Resource Commission (SRC) Program

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-16

...) program. SUMMARY: The Gates of the Arctic National Park SRC will meet to develop and continue work on NPS... changed based on inclement weather or exceptional circumstances. Gates of the Arctic National Park SRC Meeting Dates and Location: The Gates of the Arctic National Park SRC will meet at Sophie Station Hotel...

Stanford, Duke, Rice,... and Gates?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Carey, Kevin

2009-01-01

This article presents an open letter to Bill Gates. In his letter, the author suggests that Bill Gates should build a brand-new university, a great 21st-century institution of higher learning. This university will be unlike anything the world has ever seen. He asks Bill Gates not to stop helping existing colleges create the higher-education system…

Multibit Polycristalline Silicon-Oxide-Silicon Nitride-Oxide-Silicon Memory Cells with High Density Designed Utilizing a Separated Control Gate

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rok Kim, Kyeong; You, Joo Hyung; Dal Kwack, Kae; Kim, Tae Whan

2010-10-01

Unique multibit NAND polycrystalline silicon-oxide-silicon nitride-oxide-silicon (SONOS) memory cells utilizing a separated control gate (SCG) were designed to increase memory density. The proposed NAND SONOS memory device based on a SCG structure was operated as two bits, resulting in an increase in the storage density of the NVM devices in comparison with conventional single-bit memories. The electrical properties of the SONOS memory cells with a SCG were investigated to clarify the charging effects in the SONOS memory cells. When the program voltage was supplied to each gate of the NAND SONOS flash memory cells, the electrons were trapped in the nitride region of the oxide-nitride-oxide layer under the gate to supply the program voltage. The electrons were accumulated without affecting the other gate during the programming operation, indicating the absence of cross-talk between two trap charge regions. It is expected that the inference effect will be suppressed by the lower program voltage than the program voltage of the conventional NAND flash memory. The simulation results indicate that the proposed unique NAND SONOS memory cells with a SCG can be used to increase memory density.

The Programming Optimization of Capacitorless 1T DRAM Based on the Dual-Gate TFET

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Wei; Liu, Hongxia; Wang, Shulong; Chen, Shupeng; Wang, Qianqiong

2017-09-01

The larger volume of capacitor and higher leakage current of transistor have become the inherent disadvantages for the traditional one transistor (1T)-one capacitor (1C) dynamic random access memory (DRAM). Recently, the tunneling FET (TFET) is applied in DRAM cell due to the low off-state current and high switching ratio. The dual-gate TFET (DG-TFET) DRAM cell with the capacitorless structure has the superior performance-higher retention time (RT) and weak temperature dependence. But the performance of TFET DRAM cell is sensitive to programming condition. In this paper, the guideline of programming optimization is discussed in detail by using simulation tool—Silvaco Atlas. Both the writing and reading operations of DG-TFET DRAM depend on the band-to-band tunneling (BTBT). During the writing operation, the holes coming from BTBT governed by Gate2 are stored in potential well under Gate2. A small negative voltage is applied at Gate2 to retain holes for a long time during holding "1". The BTBT governed by Gate1 mainly influences the reading current. Using the optimized programming condition, the DG-TFET DRAM obtains the higher current ratio of reading "1" to reading "0" (107) and RT of more than 2 s. The higher RT reduces the refresh rate and dynamic power consumption of DRAM.

Accuracy and effectiveness of self-gating signals in free-breathing three-dimensional cardiac cine magnetic resonance imaging

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Shuo; Wang, Lei; Zhu, Yan-Chun; Yang, Jie; Xie, Yao-Qin; Fu, Nan; Wang, Yi; Gao, Song

2016-12-01

Conventional multiple breath-hold two-dimensional (2D) balanced steady-state free precession (SSFP) presents many difficulties in cardiac cine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Recently, a self-gated free-breathing three-dimensional (3D) SSFP technique has been proposed as an alternative in many studies. However, the accuracy and effectiveness of self-gating signals have been barely studied before. Since self-gating signals are crucially important in image reconstruction, a systematic study of self-gating signals and comparison with external monitored signals are needed. Previously developed self-gated free-breathing 3D SSFP techniques are used on twenty-eight healthy volunteers. Both electrocardiographic (ECG) and respiratory bellow signals are also acquired during the scan as external signals. Self-gating signal and external signal are compared by trigger and gating window. Gating window is proposed to evaluate the accuracy and effectiveness of respiratory self-gating signal. Relative deviation of the trigger and root-mean-square-deviation of the cycle duration are calculated. A two-tailed paired t-test is used to identify the difference between self-gating and external signals. A Wilcoxon signed rank test is used to identify the difference between peak and valley self-gating triggers. The results demonstrate an excellent correlation (P = 0, R > 0.99) between self-gating and external triggers. Wilcoxon signed rank test shows that there is no significant difference between peak and valley self-gating triggers for both cardiac (H = 0, P > 0.10) and respiratory (H = 0, P > 0.44) motions. The difference between self-gating and externally monitored signals is not significant (two-tailed paired-sample t-test: H = 0, P > 0.90). The self-gating signals could demonstrate cardiac and respiratory motion accurately and effectively as ECG and respiratory bellow. The difference between the two methods is not significant and can be explained. Furthermore, few ECG trigger errors appear in some subjects while these errors are not found in self-gating signals. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 81501463, 61471349, 81671853, 81571669, and 61671026), the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2015AA043203), the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing, China (Grant No. 7162112), Guangdong Innovative Research Team Program of China (Grant No. 2011S013), the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, China (Grant Nos. 2014A030310360 and 2014A0202015028), the Beijing Center for Mathematics and Information Interdisciplinary Sciences, Shenzhen Fundamental Research Program, China (Grant Nos. JCYJ201500731154850923 and JCYJ20140417113430665), Shenzhen High-level Oversea Talent Program, China (Grant No. KQJSCX20160301144248), and the Nanshan Technology Research Fund, China (Grant No. KC2014JSQN0001A).

Computation of Flow Through Water-Control Structures Using Program DAMFLO.2

USGS Publications Warehouse

Sanders, Curtis L.; Feaster, Toby D.

2004-01-01

As part of its mission to collect, analyze, and store streamflow data, the U.S. Geological Survey computes flow through several dam structures throughout the country. Flows are computed using hydraulic equations that describe flow through sluice and Tainter gates, crest gates, lock gates, spillways, locks, pumps, and siphons, which are calibrated using flow measurements. The program DAMFLO.2 was written to compute, tabulate, and plot flow through dam structures using data that describe the physical properties of dams and various hydraulic parameters and ratings that use time-varying data, such as lake elevations or gate openings. The program uses electronic computer files of time-varying data, such as lake elevation or gate openings, retrieved from the U.S. Geological Survey Automated Data Processing System. Computed time-varying flow data from DAMFLO.2 are output in flat files, which can be entered into the Automated Data Processing System database. All computations are made in units of feet and seconds. DAMFLO.2 uses the procedures and language developed by the SAS Institute Inc.

Might the New Gates Education Initiative Close Opportunity Gaps?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Welner, Kevin

2017-01-01

In this Policy Memo, the author considers the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation's newest effort, focused on "Networks for School Improvement," and how this initiative can learn from the Foundation's own past initiatives as well as from research evidence more generally. The author worries that in K-12 education, the Foundation has…

76 FR 77554 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request; Growing...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-13

... applicants to Project GATE were randomly assigned to either a program group or a control group. The project... telephone survey of participants and control group members was conducted to collect three waves of data at... program group or a control group. Members of the program group are eligible to receive GATE II services...

The Programming Optimization of Capacitorless 1T DRAM Based on the Dual-Gate TFET.

PubMed

Li, Wei; Liu, Hongxia; Wang, Shulong; Chen, Shupeng; Wang, Qianqiong

2017-09-06

The larger volume of capacitor and higher leakage current of transistor have become the inherent disadvantages for the traditional one transistor (1T)-one capacitor (1C) dynamic random access memory (DRAM). Recently, the tunneling FET (TFET) is applied in DRAM cell due to the low off-state current and high switching ratio. The dual-gate TFET (DG-TFET) DRAM cell with the capacitorless structure has the superior performance-higher retention time (RT) and weak temperature dependence. But the performance of TFET DRAM cell is sensitive to programming condition. In this paper, the guideline of programming optimization is discussed in detail by using simulation tool-Silvaco Atlas. Both the writing and reading operations of DG-TFET DRAM depend on the band-to-band tunneling (BTBT). During the writing operation, the holes coming from BTBT governed by Gate2 are stored in potential well under Gate2. A small negative voltage is applied at Gate2 to retain holes for a long time during holding "1". The BTBT governed by Gate1 mainly influences the reading current. Using the optimized programming condition, the DG-TFET DRAM obtains the higher current ratio of reading "1" to reading "0" (10 7 ) and RT of more than 2 s. The higher RT reduces the refresh rate and dynamic power consumption of DRAM.

75 FR 65377 - Notice of Public Meeting for the National Park Service (NPS) Alaska Region's Subsistence Resource...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-22

... Resource Commission (SRC) program. SUMMARY: The Gates of the Arctic National Park SRC will meet to develop.... Gates of the Arctic National Park SRC Meeting Date and Location: The Gates of the Arctic National Park... meeting may end early if all business is completed. For Further Information On the Gates of the Arctic...

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - Key officials are poised to cut the ribbon officially dedicating the new Security gates on Kennedy Parkway (Gate 2) and NASA Parkway (Gate 3). From left are Wally Schroeder, with Jones, Edmunds & Associates; Bobby Porter, with Oneida Construction; Daniel Tweed, NASA project manager; Jim Kennedy, Center director; and William Sample, SGS deputy program manager. The new gates were activated Aug. 1, allowing the general public to have access to the new Space Commerce Way, which will provide access to the Research Park and KSC Visitor Complex, and providing an alternate route for the general public between Titusville and Merritt Island that is accessible 24 hours a day. The gates are staffed 24 hours daily.

NASA Image and Video Library

2003-08-27

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - Key officials are poised to cut the ribbon officially dedicating the new Security gates on Kennedy Parkway (Gate 2) and NASA Parkway (Gate 3). From left are Wally Schroeder, with Jones, Edmunds & Associates; Bobby Porter, with Oneida Construction; Daniel Tweed, NASA project manager; Jim Kennedy, Center director; and William Sample, SGS deputy program manager. The new gates were activated Aug. 1, allowing the general public to have access to the new Space Commerce Way, which will provide access to the Research Park and KSC Visitor Complex, and providing an alternate route for the general public between Titusville and Merritt Island that is accessible 24 hours a day. The gates are staffed 24 hours daily.

Wind energy education projects. Final report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ziegler, P.; Conlon, T.R.; Arcadi, T.

Two projects under DOE's Small-Scale Appropriate Energy Technology Grants Program have educated the public in a hands on way about wind energy systems. The first was awarded to Peter Ziegler of Berkeley, California, to design and build a walk-through exhibition structure powered by an adjoining wind-generator. This Wind Energy Pavilion was erected at Fort Funston in the Golden Gate National Recreation Area. It currently serves both as an enclosure for batteries and a variety of monitoring instruments, and as a graphic environment where the public can learn about wind energy. The second project, entitled Wind and Kid Power, involved anmore » educational program for a classroom of first through third grades in the Vallejo, Unified School District. The students studied weather, measured wind speeds and built small models of wind machines. They also built a weather station, and learned to use weather instruments. The grant funds enabled them to actually build and erect a Savonius wind machine at the Loma Vista Farm School.« less

Adiabatically-controlled two-qubit gates using quantum dot hybrid qubits

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Frees, Adam; Gamble, John King; Friesen, Mark; Coppersmith, S. N.

With its recent success in experimentally performing single-qubit gates, the quantum dot hybrid qubit is an excellent candidate for two-qubit gating. Here, we propose an operational scheme which exploits the electrostatic properties of such qubits to yield a tunable effective coupling in a system with a static capacitive coupling between the dots. We then use numerically calculated fidelities to demonstrate the effect of charge noise on single- and two-qubit gates with this scheme. Finally, we show steps towards optimizing the gates fidelities, and discuss ways that the scheme could be further improved. This work was supported in part by ARO (W911NF-12-0607) (W911NF-12-R-0012), NSF (PHY-1104660), ONR (N00014-15-1-0029). The authors gratefully acknowledge support from the Sandia National Laboratories Truman Fellowship Program, which is funded by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program. Sandia is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the US Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000.

Intellectual Disability and Assistive Technology: Opening the GATE Wider.

PubMed

Boot, Fleur Heleen; Dinsmore, John; Khasnabis, Chapal; MacLachlan, Malcolm

2017-01-01

The World Health Organization has launched a program to promote Global Cooperation on Assistive Technology (GATE). The objective of the GATE program is to improve access to high quality, affordable assistive technology for people with varying disabilities, diseases, and age-related conditions. As a first step, GATE has developed the assistive products list, a list of priority assistive products based on addressing the greatest need at population level. A specific group of people who can benefit from user appropriate assistive technology are people with intellectual disabilities. However, the use of assistive products by people with intellectual disabilities is a neglected area of research and practice, and offers considerable opportunities for the advancement of population health and the realization of basic human rights. It is unknown how many people with intellectual disabilities globally have access to appropriate assistive products and which factors influence their access. We call for a much greater focus on people with intellectual disabilities within the GATE program. We present a framework for understanding the complex interaction between intellectual disability, health and wellbeing, and assistive technology.

Programming the quorum sensing-based AND gate in Shewanella oneidensis for logic gated-microbial fuel cells.

PubMed

Hu, Yidan; Yang, Yun; Katz, Evgeny; Song, Hao

2015-03-11

An AND logic gate based on a synthetic quorum-sensing (QS) module was constructed in a Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 mtrA knockout mutant. The presence of two input signals activated the expression of a periplasmic decaheme cytochrome MtrA to regenerate the extracellular electron transfer conduit, enabling the construction of AND-gated microbial fuel cells.

Expanding Access and Opportunity: The Washington State Achievers Program

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ramsey, Jennifer; Gorgol, Laura

2010-01-01

In 2001, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation launched a 10-year, multi-million dollar initiative, the Washington State Achievers Program (WSA), to increase opportunities for low-income students to attend postsecondary institutions in Washington State. The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation granted funds to the College Success Foundation…

Polarization dependent photo-induced bias stress effect in organic transistors.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Podzorov, Vitaly; Choi, Hyun Ho; Najafov, Hikmet; Saranin, Danila; Kharlamov, Nikolai A.; Kuznetzov, Denis V.; Didenko, Sergei I.; Cho, Kilwon; Briseno, Alejandro L.; Rutgers-Misis Collaboration; Ru-P Collaboration; Ru-Um Collaboration; Um-P Collaboration

Photo-induced charge transfer between a semiconductor and a gate insulator that occurs in organic transistors operating under illumination leads to a shift of the onset gate voltage in these devices. Here we report an observation of a polarization dependent photo-induced bias-stress effect in two prototypical single-crystal organic field-effect transistors, based on rubrene and TPBIQ. We find that the rate of the effect is a periodic function of polarization angle of a linearly polarized photoexcitation, with a periodicity of π. The observed phenomenon provides an effective tool for addressing the relationship between molecular packing and parameter drift in organic transistors under illumination. The work was carried out with financial support from the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation in the framework of Increase Competitiveness Program of NUST «MISiS» (No. K3-2016-004), by gov. decree 16/03/2013, N 211.

Extending the Shoreline of Wonder through the Research Attic of J. Terry Gates

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kuebel, Christa

2017-01-01

This article is a review of the Ohio Music Education Association Graduate Research Forum presentation from February 2017 in Cleveland. Each year, an expert in the field of music education is invited to the state conference to discuss research, practice, teaching, and learning. The presenter was Dr. J. Terry Gates of "The Hoenny Center for…

GateWay Community College Water Resources Program Partnerships: An Opportunity for Program Success and Collaboration

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Castaneda, M.

2012-12-01

GateWay Community College Water Resources Technologies (WRT) Program offers Certificate of Completions and Associate Degrees on Hydrologic Studies, Water Treatment and Wastewater Treatment. The program has been in existence since 1998 and has gone through several updates to meet the demand for professionals in those areas. The program includes theoretical and practical hands-on training in the monitoring of water quality and quantity as well as in water and industrial wastewater treatment. The WRT program offers online, face-to-face, and hybrid courses to address different student's needs for training. The program only Full-time faculty is supported by 15 adjunct- faculty professionals. Adjunct faculty is usually hired from a wide variety of professional people already working in the industry that have shown interest on teaching. Adjunct faculty also provide free tutoring to the WRT students when they are not teaching courses. The college Learning Center provides funding to support these tutoring activities. The program has an active Advisory Committee that provides guidance and recommends program changes to meet their training needs. This Advisory Committee is made of professionals from different federal, state, county agencies, and municipalities, private industry and consulting companies in the area. The Advisory Committee meets every year to provide feedback to GateWay on curriculum changes and commit to potential internship opportunities for the WRT students. Those internships (or voluntary work) are paid directly by the municipalities or agencies or can be paid by the GateWay WRT program. These internship jobs provides with an opportunity to actively promote the WRT program throughout the valley. The GateWay WRT program considers the Advisory Committee an essential component for the program success: the committee supports the program in recommending and acquiring the latest field equipment needed for the hands-on training. One of the main WRT program objective is to utilize the latest field equipment that will be used by the students when they incorporate into the job market place. The GateWay WRT program is always looking for articulation opportunities with four-year universities. Although not all WRT students are interested in pursuing a four-year degree as part of their professional development, some students welcome this opportunity. GateWay WRT program is finalizing articulation agreements with the University of Arizona's Hydrology and Water Resources Program as well as with the Arizona State University Environmental Management program. Also, the WRT program is trying to internationalize its curriculum by establishing contacts with similar programs in other countries. The University of Guanajuato from Mexico has shown interest in exchanging not only students but also faculty through this process. The WRT program puts emphasis in service learning activities by collaborating and helping community groups such the Lindon Park Neighborhood Association and The Environmental Community Outreach Association. Both groups are in charge of disseminating environmental information to the community regarding superfund site issues. The WRT program has supported several paid internships to increase the community awareness on these technical issues.

LOGIC NETS, THEIR CHARACTERIZATION, RELIABILITY, AND EFFICIENT SYNTHESIS.

DTIC Science & Technology

The report consists of two parts. The first discusses a problem in the dual-support approach to network synthesis using threshold gates, gives new...asymptotic results on the number of threshold gates and the size of threshold gate networks, and summarizes the work in threshold logic supported by...this contract, including programs to facilitate experimentation in the design of networks of threshold gates. The second summarizes CDL1 - Computer

Corner Office Interview: Gates Foundation's Deborah Jacobs

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Miller, Rebecca

2010-01-01

U.S. libraries gave the world a top talent when Deborah Jacobs left her transformational role as City Librarian of Seattle in 2008 to head the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation's Global Libraries program, the international sibling to the U.S. Libraries program. The initiative fosters national-scale projects with grantees in transitioning countries…

CADAT network translator

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pitts, E. R.

1981-01-01

Program converts cell-net data into logic-gate models for use in test and simulation programs. Input consists of either Place, Route, and Fold (PRF) or Place-and-Route-in-Two-Dimensions (PR2D) layout data deck. Output consists of either Test Pattern Generator (TPG) or Logic-Simulation (LOGSIM) logic circuitry data deck. Designer needs to build only logic-gate-model circuit description since program acts as translator. Language is FORTRAN IV.

Low-voltage high-speed programming gate-all-around floating gate memory cell with tunnel barrier engineering

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hamzah, Afiq; Ezaila Alias, N.; Ismail, Razali

2018-06-01

The aim of this study is to investigate the memory performances of gate-all-around floating gate (GAA-FG) memory cell implementing engineered tunnel barrier concept of variable oxide thickness (VARIOT) of low-k/high-k for several high-k (i.e., Si3N4, Al2O3, HfO2, and ZrO2) with low-k SiO2 using three-dimensional (3D) simulator Silvaco ATLAS. The simulation work is conducted by initially determining the optimized thickness of low-k/high-k barrier-stacked and extracting their Fowler–Nordheim (FN) coefficients. Based on the optimized parameters the device performances of GAA-FG for fast program operation and data retention are assessed using benchmark set by 6 and 8 nm SiO2 tunnel layer respectively. The programming speed has been improved and wide memory window with 30% increment from conventional SiO2 has been obtained using SiO2/Al2O3 tunnel layer due to its thin low-k dielectric thickness. Furthermore, given its high band edges only 1% of charge-loss is expected after 10 years of ‑3.6/3.6 V gate stress.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - Daniel L. Tweed, with the Facilities Division, NASA Spaceport Services, addresses attendees at the ribbon cutting for the KSC Security gates. Tweed was project manager. The two new Security gates on Kennedy Parkway (Gate 2) and NASA Parkway (Gate 3) were activated Aug. 1, allowing the general public to have access to the new Space Commerce Way, which will provide access to the Research Park and KSC Visitor Complex, and providing an alternate route for the general public between Titusville and Merritt Island that is accessible 24 hours a day. The gates are staffed 24 hours daily. Others taking part in the ribbon cutting were Center Director Jim Kennedy; Chief, Protective & Safe Guards Office, Calvin L. Burch; SGS Deputy Program Manager William A. Sample; and Bobby Porter, with Oneida Construction.

NASA Image and Video Library

2003-08-27

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - Daniel L. Tweed, with the Facilities Division, NASA Spaceport Services, addresses attendees at the ribbon cutting for the KSC Security gates. Tweed was project manager. The two new Security gates on Kennedy Parkway (Gate 2) and NASA Parkway (Gate 3) were activated Aug. 1, allowing the general public to have access to the new Space Commerce Way, which will provide access to the Research Park and KSC Visitor Complex, and providing an alternate route for the general public between Titusville and Merritt Island that is accessible 24 hours a day. The gates are staffed 24 hours daily. Others taking part in the ribbon cutting were Center Director Jim Kennedy; Chief, Protective & Safe Guards Office, Calvin L. Burch; SGS Deputy Program Manager William A. Sample; and Bobby Porter, with Oneida Construction.

Graduate Automotive Technology Education (GATE) Center for Hybrid Electric Drivetrains and Control Strategies

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

David Holloway

2005-09-30

Beginning the fall semester of 1999, The University of Maryland, Departments of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering and the Institute for Systems Research served as a U.S. Department of Energy (USDOE) Graduate Automotive Technology Education (GATE) Center for Hybrid Electric Drivetrains and Control Strategies. A key goal was to produce a graduate level education program that educated and prepared students to address the technical challenges of designing and developing hybrid electric vehicles, as they progressed into the workforce. A second goal was to produce research that fostered the advancement of hybrid electric vehicles, their controls, and other related automotive technologies. Participationmore » ended at the University of Maryland after the 2004 fall semester. Four graduate courses were developed and taught during the course of this time, two of which evolved into annually-taught undergraduate courses, namely Vehicle Dynamics and Control Systems Laboratory. Five faculty members from Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering, and the Institute for Systems Research participated. Four Ph.D. degrees (two directly supported and two indirectly supported) and seven Master's degrees in Mechanical Engineering resulted from the research conducted. Research topics included thermoelectric waste heat recovery, fuel cell modeling, pre- and post-transmission hybrid powertrain control and integration, hybrid transmission design, H{sub 2}-doped combustion, and vehicle dynamics. Many of the participating students accepted positions in the automotive industry or government laboratories involved in automotive technology work after graduation. This report discusses the participating faculty, the courses developed and taught, research conducted, the students directly and indirectly supported, and the publication list. Based on this collection of information, the University of Maryland firmly believes that the key goal of the program was met and that the majority of the participating students are now contributing to the advancement of automotive technology in this country.« less

Meeting the Needs of Gifted and Talented (GATE) Middle School Students in Two Southern California Public School Districts

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Khalaj-Le Corre, Monica

2013-01-01

In the light of budget reduction, some southern California public school districts have elected to continue serving their identified gifted and talented (GATE) population through GATE programs. Researchers, who purport acceleration, are concerned that the gifted and talented student who will remain in the regular classroom without cluster groups…

Fabrication of 80-nm T-gate high indium In0.7Ga0.3As/In0.6Ga0.4As composite channels mHEMT on GaAs substrate with simple technological process

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xian, Ji; Xiaodong, Zhang; Weihua, Kang; Zhili, Zhang; Jiahui, Zhou; Wenjun, Xu; Qi, Li; Gongli, Xiao; Zhijun, Yin; Yong, Cai; Baoshun, Zhang; Haiou, Li

2016-02-01

An 80-nm gate length metamorphic high electron mobility transistor (mHEMT) on a GaAs substrate with high indium composite compound-channels In0.7Ga0.3 As/In0.6Ga0.4 As and an optimized grade buffer scheme is presented. High 2-DEG Hall mobility values of 10200 cm2/(V·s) and a sheet density of 3.5 × 1012 cm-2 at 300 K have been achieved. The device's T-shaped gate was made by utilizing a simple three layers electron beam resist, instead of employing a passivation layer for the T-share gate, which is beneficial to decreasing parasitic capacitance and parasitic resistance of the gate and simplifying the device manufacturing process. The ohmic contact resistance Rc is 0.2 ω·mm when using the same metal system with the gate (Pt/Ti/Pt/Au), which reduces the manufacturing cycle of the device. The mHEMT device demonstrates excellent DC and RF characteristics. The peak extrinsic transconductance of 1.1 S/mm and the maximum drain current density of 0.86 A/mm are obtained. The unity current gain cut-off frequency (fT) and the maximum oscillation frequency (fmax) are 246 and 301 GHz, respectively. Project supported by the Key Laboratory of Nano-Devices and Applications, Nano-Fabrication Facility of SINANO, Chinese Academy of Sciences, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 61274077, 61474031, 61464003), the Guangxi Natural Science Foundation (Nos. 2013GXNSFGA019003, 2013GXNSFAA019335), the National Basic Research Program of China (Nos. 2011CBA00605, 2010CB327501), the Project (No. 9140C140101140C14069), and the Innovation Project of GUET Graduate Education (Nos. GDYCSZ201448, GDYCSZ201449, YJCXS201529).

Small High Schools at Work: A Case Study of Six Gates-Funded Schools in New York City. A Report to the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fancsali, Cheri; Jaffe-Walter, Reva; Mitchell-McKnight, Vernay; Nevarez, Nancy; Orellana, Eliana, Williams Rose, Lea

2010-01-01

The Academy for Educational Development (AED) conducted a case study of six public high schools in New York City as part of a multifaceted evaluation of a small schools initiative funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Through surveys, interviews, and focus groups, the authors gathered information and opinions from the schools'…

The development of an interim generalized gate logic software simulator

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mcgough, J. G.; Nemeroff, S.

1985-01-01

A proof-of-concept computer program called IGGLOSS (Interim Generalized Gate Logic Software Simulator) was developed and is discussed. The simulator engine was designed to perform stochastic estimation of self test coverage (fault-detection latency times) of digital computers or systems. A major attribute of the IGGLOSS is its high-speed simulation: 9.5 x 1,000,000 gates/cpu sec for nonfaulted circuits and 4.4 x 1,000,000 gates/cpu sec for faulted circuits on a VAX 11/780 host computer.

Hispanic Students and the Gates Millennium Scholarship Program: Promising Results Extending to the Third College Year

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oseguera, Leticia; Denson, Nida; Hurtado, Sylvia

2009-01-01

Financing college is increasingly difficult for many college students and it can be especially difficult for low-income students. Using data from the Gates Millennium Scholarship Program, this study provides a portrait of the 1st and 3rd year experiences of a sample of both high achieving Hispanic scholarship recipients and non-recipients.…

Remake/Remodel: Using ePortfolios and a System of Gates to Improve Student Assessment and Program Evaluation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lowenthal, Patrick; White, John W.; Cooley, Karen

2011-01-01

Electronic portfolios have become increasingly popular. The value of a portfolio, though, depends on how, when, and why students create, submit, and have their portfolios evaluated. In the following paper, we describe how we redesigned a program's assessment and evaluation plan around the use of electronic portfolios and a system of gates focusing…

Efficient experimental design of high-fidelity three-qubit quantum gates via genetic programming

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Devra, Amit; Prabhu, Prithviraj; Singh, Harpreet; Arvind; Dorai, Kavita

2018-03-01

We have designed efficient quantum circuits for the three-qubit Toffoli (controlled-controlled-NOT) and the Fredkin (controlled-SWAP) gate, optimized via genetic programming methods. The gates thus obtained were experimentally implemented on a three-qubit NMR quantum information processor, with a high fidelity. Toffoli and Fredkin gates in conjunction with the single-qubit Hadamard gates form a universal gate set for quantum computing and are an essential component of several quantum algorithms. Genetic algorithms are stochastic search algorithms based on the logic of natural selection and biological genetics and have been widely used for quantum information processing applications. We devised a new selection mechanism within the genetic algorithm framework to select individuals from a population. We call this mechanism the "Luck-Choose" mechanism and were able to achieve faster convergence to a solution using this mechanism, as compared to existing selection mechanisms. The optimization was performed under the constraint that the experimentally implemented pulses are of short duration and can be implemented with high fidelity. We demonstrate the advantage of our pulse sequences by comparing our results with existing experimental schemes and other numerical optimization methods.

Ultrafast entanglement of trapped ions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Neyenhuis, Brian; Johnson, Kale; Mizrahi, Jonathan; Wong-Campos, David; Monroe, Christopher

2014-05-01

We have demonstrated ultrafast spin-motion entanglement of a single atomic ion using a short train of intense laser pulses. This pulse train gives the ion a spin-dependent kick where each spin state receives a discrete momentum kick in opposite directions. Using a series of these spin-dependent kicks we can realize a two qubit gate. In contrast to gates using spectroscopically resolved motional sidebands, these gates may be performed faster than the trap oscillation period, making them potentially less sensitive to noise. Additionally this gate is temperature insensitive and does not require the ions to be cooled to the Lamb-Dicke limit. We show that multiple kicks can be strung together to create a ``Schrodinger cat'' like state, where the large separation between the two parts of the wavepacket allow us to accumulate the phase shift necessary for a gate in a shorter amount of time. We will present a realistic pulse scheme for a two ion gate, and our progress towards its realization. This work is supported by grants from the U.S. Army Research Office with funding from the DARPA OLE program, IARPA, and the MURI program; and the NSF Physics Frontier Center at JQI.

3D gate-all-around bandgap-engineered SONOS flash memory in vertical silicon pillar with metal gate

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Oh, Jae-Sub; Yang, Seong-Dong; Lee, Sang-Youl; Kim, Young-Su; Kang, Min-Ho; Lim, Sung-Kyu; Lee, Hi-Deok; Lee, Ga-Won

2013-08-01

In this paper, a gate-all-around bandgap-engineered silicon-oxide-nitride-oxide-silicon device with a vertical silicon pillar structure and a Ti metal gate are demonstrated for a potential solution to overcome the scaling-down of flash memory device. The devices were fabricated using CMOS-compatible technology and exhibited well-behaved memory characteristics in terms of the program/erase window, retention, and endurance properties. Moreover, the integration of the Ti metal gate demonstrated a significant improvement in the erase characteristics due to the efficient suppression of the electron back tunneling through the blocking oxide.

New Circuit QED system based on Triple-leg Stripline Resonator.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kim, Dongmin; Moon, Kyungsun

Conventional circuit QED system consists of a qubit located inside a linear stripline resonator, which has successfully demonstrated a strong coupling between a single photon and a qubit. Here we present a new circuit QED system, where the qubit is coupled to triple-leg stripline resonator (TSR). We have shown that TSR supports two-fold degenerate photon modes among others. By coupling them to a single qubit, we have obtained the dressed states of a coupled system of a single qubit and two-fold degenerate photon modes. By locating two qubits at two legs of TSR, we have studied a potential two-bit gate operation (e.g., CNOT gate) of the system. We will discuss the main advantage of utilizing two-fold degenerate photon modes This work is partially supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (NRF-2016R1D1A1B01013756).

Golden Gate National Recreation Area : acoustical monitoring 2007/2008

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-03-01

In 2007, the Natural Sounds Program (NPS) received a technical assistance request to collect baseline acoustical data at Golden Gate National Recreation Area (GGNRA). During the summer (June September 2007) and winter (January February 2008),...

Ultrafast entanglement of trapped ions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Neyenhuis, Brian; Mizrahi, Jonathan; Johnson, Kale; Monroe, Christopher

2013-05-01

We have demonstrated ultrafast spin-motion entanglement of a single atomic ion using a short train of intense laser pulses. This pulse train gives the ion a spin-dependent kick where each spin state receives a discrete momentum kick in opposite directions. Using a series of these spin-dependent kicks we can realize a two qubit gate. In contrast to gates using spectroscopically resolved motional sidebands, these gates may be performed faster than the trap oscillation period, making them potentially less sensitive to noise, independent of temperature, and more easily scalable to large crystals of ions. We show that multiple kicks can be strung together to create a ``Schrodinger cat'' like state, where the large separation between the two parts of the wavepacket allow us to accumulate the phase shift necessary for a gate in a shorter amount of time. We will present a realistic pulse scheme for a two ion gate, and our progress towards its realization. This work is supported by grants from the U.S. Army Research Office with funding from the DARPA OLE program, IARPA, and the MURI program; and the NSF Physics Frontier Center at JQI.

Push the flash floating gate memories toward the future low energy application

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Della Marca, V.; Just, G.; Regnier, A.; Ogier, J.-L.; Simola, R.; Niel, S.; Postel-Pellerin, J.; Lalande, F.; Masoero, L.; Molas, G.

2013-01-01

In this paper the energy consumption of flash floating gate cell, during a channel hot electron operation, is investigated. We characterize the device using different ramp and box pulses on control gate, to find the best solution to have low energy consumption and good cell performances. We use a new dynamic method to measure the drain current absorption in order to evaluate the impact of different bias conditions, and to study the cell behavior. The programming window and the energy consumption are considered as fundamental parameters. Using this dynamic technique, three zones of work are found; it is possible to optimize the drain voltage during the programming operation to minimize the energy consumption. Moreover, the cell's performances are improved using the CHISEL effect, with a reverse body bias. After the study concerning the programming pulses adjusting, we show the results obtained by increasing the channel doping dose parameter. Considering a channel hot electron programming operation, it is important to focus our attention on the bitline leakage consumption contribution. We measured it for the unselected bitline cells, and we show the effects of the lightly doped drain implantation energy on the leakage current. In this way the impact of gate induced drain leakage in band-to-band tunneling regime decreases, improving the cell's performances in a memory array.

KSC-03PD-2453

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2003-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. Key officials are poised to cut the ribbon officially dedicating the new Security gates on Kennedy Parkway (Gate 2) and NASA Parkway (Gate 3). From left are Wally Schroeder, with Jones, Edmunds & Associates; Bobby Porter, with Oneida Construction; Daniel Tweed, NASA project manager; Jim Kennedy, Center director; and William Sample, SGS deputy program manager. The new gates were activated Aug. 1, allowing the general public to have access to the new Space Commerce Way, which will provide access to the Research Park and KSC Visitor Complex, and providing an alternate route for the general public between Titusville and Merritt Island that is accessible 24 hours a day. The gates are staffed 24 hours daily.

Genetic Circuit Performance under Conditions Relevant for Industrial Bioreactors

PubMed Central

Moser, Felix; Broers, Nicolette J.; Hartmans, Sybe; Tamsir, Alvin; Kerkman, Richard; Roubos, Johannes A.; Bovenberg, Roel; Voigt, Christopher A.

2014-01-01

Synthetic genetic programs promise to enable novel applications in industrial processes. For such applications, the genetic circuits that compose programs will require fidelity in varying and complex environments. In this work, we report the performance of two synthetic circuits in Escherichia coli under industrially relevant conditions, including the selection of media, strain, and growth rate. We test and compare two transcriptional circuits: an AND and a NOR gate. In E. coli DH10B, the AND gate is inactive in minimal media; activity can be rescued by supplementing the media and transferring the gate into the industrial strain E. coli DS68637 where normal function is observed in minimal media. In contrast, the NOR gate is robust to media composition and functions similarly in both strains. The AND gate is evaluated at three stages of early scale-up: 100 ml shake-flask experiments, a 1 ml MTP microreactor, and a 10 L bioreactor. A reference plasmid that constitutively produces a GFP reporter is used to make comparisons of circuit performance across conditions. The AND gate function is quantitatively different at each scale. The output deteriorates late in fermentation after the shift from exponential to constant feed rates, which induces rapid resource depletion and changes in growth rate. In addition, one of the output states of the AND gate failed in the bioreactor, effectively making it only responsive to a single input. Finally, cells carrying the AND gate show considerably less accumulation of biomass. Overall, these results highlight challenges and suggest modified strategies for developing and characterizing genetic circuits that function reliably during fermentation. PMID:23656232

Measurement of fault latency in a digital avionic miniprocessor

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mcgough, J. G.; Swern, F. L.

1981-01-01

The results of fault injection experiments utilizing a gate-level emulation of the central processor unit of the Bendix BDX-930 digital computer are presented. The failure detection coverage of comparison-monitoring and a typical avionics CPU self-test program was determined. The specific tasks and experiments included: (1) inject randomly selected gate-level and pin-level faults and emulate six software programs using comparison-monitoring to detect the faults; (2) based upon the derived empirical data develop and validate a model of fault latency that will forecast a software program's detecting ability; (3) given a typical avionics self-test program, inject randomly selected faults at both the gate-level and pin-level and determine the proportion of faults detected; (4) determine why faults were undetected; (5) recommend how the emulation can be extended to multiprocessor systems such as SIFT; and (6) determine the proportion of faults detected by a uniprocessor BIT (built-in-test) irrespective of self-test.

Upgrading the Center for Lightweighting Automotive Materials and Processing - a GATE Center of Excellence at the University of Michigan-Dearborn

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mallick, P. K.

2012-08-30

The Center for Lightweighting Materials and Processing (CLAMP) was established in September 1998 with a grant from the Department of Energy’s Graduate Automotive Technology Education (GATE) program. The center received the second round of GATE grant in 2005 under the title “Upgrading the Center for Lightweighting Automotive Materials and Processing”. Using the two grants, the Center has successfully created 10 graduate level courses on lightweight automotive materials, integrated them into master’s and PhD programs in Automotive Systems Engineering, and offered them regularly to the graduate students in the program. In addition, the Center has created a web-based lightweight automotive materialsmore » database, conducted research on lightweight automotive materials and organized seminars/symposia on lightweight automotive materials for both academia and industry. The faculty involved with the Center has conducted research on a variety of topics related to design, testing, characterization and processing of lightweight materials for automotive applications and have received numerous research grants from automotive companies and government agencies to support their research. The materials considered included advanced steels, light alloys (aluminum, magnesium and titanium) and fiber reinforced polymer composites. In some of these research projects, CLAMP faculty have collaborated with industry partners and students have used the research facilities at industry locations. The specific objectives of the project during the current funding period (2005 – 2012) were as follows: (1) develop new graduate courses and incorporate them in the automotive systems engineering curriculum (2) improve and update two existing courses on automotive materials and processing (3) upgrade the laboratory facilities used by graduate students to conduct research (4) expand the Lightweight Automotive Materials Database to include additional materials, design case studies and make it more accessible to outside users (5) provide support to graduate students for conducting research on lightweight automotive materials and structures (6) provide industry/university interaction through a graduate certificate program on automotive materials and technology idea exchange through focused seminars and symposia on automotive materials.« less

Fact-Challenged Policy. Policy Memorandum #182

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rothstein, Richard

2011-01-01

This paper is a response on the topic of school reform efforts being promoted by Bill Gates and other prominent education policy advocates. Last week, Microsoft Chairman Bill Gates published an op-ed in the Washington Post, "How Teacher Development could Revolutionize our Schools," proposing that American public schools should do a…

Are Students of Color More Likely to Graduate from College if They Attend More Selective Institutions? Evidence from a Cohort of Recipients and Nonrecipients of the Gates Millennium Scholarship Program

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Melguizo, Tatiana

2010-01-01

The study takes advantage of the nontraditional selection process of the Gates Millennium Scholars (GMS) program to test the association between selectivity of 4-year institution attended as well as other noncognitive variables on the college completion rates of a sample of students of color. The results of logistic regression and propensity score…

Memory operation mechanism of fullerene-containing polymer memory

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nakajima, Anri, E-mail: anakajima@hiroshima-u.ac.jp; Fujii, Daiki

2015-03-09

The memory operation mechanism in fullerene-containing nanocomposite gate insulators was investigated while varying the kind of fullerene in a polymer gate insulator. It was cleared what kind of traps and which positions in the nanocomposite the injected electrons or holes are stored in. The reason for the difference in the easiness of programming was clarified taking the role of the charging energy of an injected electron into account. The dependence of the carrier dynamics on the kind of fullerene molecule was investigated. A nonuniform distribution of injected carriers occurred after application of a large magnitude programming voltage due to themore » width distribution of the polystyrene barrier between adjacent fullerene molecules. Through the investigations, we demonstrated a nanocomposite gate with fullerene molecules having excellent retention characteristics and a programming capability. This will lead to the realization of practical organic memories with fullerene-containing polymer nanocomposites.« less

Towards optimizing two-qubit operations in three-electron double quantum dots

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Frees, Adam; Gamble, John King; Mehl, Sebastian; Friesen, Mark; Coppersmith, S. N.

The successful implementation of single-qubit gates in the quantum dot hybrid qubit motivates our interest in developing a high fidelity two-qubit gate protocol. Recently, extensive work has been done to characterize the theoretical limitations and advantages in performing two-qubit operations at an operation point located in the charge transition region. Additionally, there is evidence to support that single-qubit gate fidelities improve while operating in the so-called ``far-detuned'' region, away from the charge transition. Here we explore the possibility of performing two-qubit gates in this region, considering the challenges and the benefits that may present themselves while implementing such an operational paradigm. This work was supported in part by ARO (W911NF-12-0607) (W911NF-12-R-0012), NSF (PHY-1104660), ONR (N00014-15-1-0029). The authors gratefully acknowledge support from the Sandia National Laboratories Truman Fellowship Program, which is funded by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program. Sandia is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the US Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000.

DefenseLink.mil - Special Report: Travels with Gates

Science.gov Websites

Robert M. Gates said here today. Story >> Iran Puts Middle East Security at Risk ANKARA, Turkey , Feb. 6, 2010 – Iran’s nuclear program continues to put security in the Middle East at risk despite

3D numerical simulation of flow field with incompletely flaring gate pier in large unit discharge and deep tail water project

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhao, Zhou; Junxing, Wang

2018-06-01

Limited by large unit discharge above the overflow weir and deep tail water inside the stilling basin, the incoming flow inside stilling basin is seriously short of enough energy dissipation and outgoing flow still carries much energy with large velocity, bound to result in secondary hydraulic jump outside stilling basin and scour downstream river bed. Based on the RNG k-ɛ turbulence model and the VOF method, this paper comparatively studies flow field between the conventional flat gate pier program and the incompletely flaring gate pier program to reveal energy dissipation mechanism of incomplete flaring gate pier. Results show that incompletely flaring gate pier can greatly promote the longitudinally stretched water jet to laterally diffuse and collide in the upstream region of stilling basin due to velocity gradients between adjacent inflow from each chamber through shrinking partial overflow flow chamber weir chamber, which would lead to large scale vertical axis vortex from the bottom to the surface and enhance mutual shear turbulence dissipation. This would significantly increase energy dissipation inside stilling basin to reduce outgoing velocity and totally solve the common hydraulic problems in large unit discharge and deep tail water projects.

Space Station Freedom NiH2 cell testing program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Moore, Bruce; Frate, Dave

1994-01-01

Testing for the Space Station Freedom Nickel Hydrogen Cell Test Program began in 1990 at Crave Division, Naval Surface Warfare Center. The program has included receipt inspection, random vibration, acceptance, characterization, and life cycle testing of Ni-H2 cells in accordance with the NASA LeRC Interagency Order C-31001-J. A total of 400 Ni-H2 cells have been received at NAVSURFWARCENDIV Crane from three separate manufacturers; Yardney Technical Products (Yardney), Eagle Picher Industries (Eagle Picher), and Gates Energy Products (Gates). Of those, 308 cells distributed among 39 packs have undergone life cycle testing under a test regime simulating low earth orbit conditions. As of 30 September 1993, there are 252 cells assembled into 32 packs still on life cycle test. Since the beginning of the program, failed cells have been detected in all phases of testing. The failures include the following; seven 65 AmpHr and 81 AmpHr Yardney cells were found to be leaking KOH on receipt, one 65 AmpHr Eagle Picher cell failed the acceptance test, one 65 AmpHr Gates cell failed during the characterization test, and six 65 AmpHr Gates cells failed the random vibration test. Of the 39 life cycle packs, testing on seven packs, 56 cells, has been suspended because of low end of discharge voltages. All of the failed life cycle packs were cycled at 60% depth of discharge.

Optimized pulse shaping for trapped ion quantum computing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Manning, T.; Debnath, Shantanu; Choi, Taeyoung; Figgatt, Caroline; Monroe, Chris

2013-05-01

We perform entangling phase gates between pairs of qubits in a chain of trapped atomic ytterbium ions. Beat notes between frequency comb lines of a pulsed laser coherently drive Raman transitions that couple the hyperfine qubits to multiple collective transverse modes of motion. By optimizing the phase and amplitude of segmented laser pulses, we demonstrate a five-segment scheme to entangle two qubits with high fidelity over a range of detunings. We compare this special case of full control of spin-motion entanglement to a traditional single-segment gate. We extend this scheme to selectively entangle pairs of qubits in larger chains using individual optical addressing, where we couple to all the motional modes. We show how these robust gates can achieve high fidelities for practical gate times in an approach that scales realistically to much larger numbers of qubits. This work is supported by grants from the U.S. Army Research Office with funding from the DARPA OLE program, IARPA, and the MURI program; and the NSF Physics Frontier Center at JQI.

Bidirectional quantum teleportation of unknown photons using path-polarization intra-particle hybrid entanglement and controlled-unitary gates via cross-Kerr nonlinearity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Heo, Jino; Hong, Chang-Ho; Lim, Jong-In; Yang, Hyung-Jin

2015-05-01

We propose an arbitrary controlled-unitary (CU) gate and a bidirectional quantum teleportation (BQTP) scheme. The proposed CU gate utilizes photonic qubits (photons) with cross-Kerr nonlinearities (XKNLs), X-homodyne detectors, and linear optical elements, and consists of the consecutive operation of a controlled-path (C-path) gate and a gathering-path (G-path) gate. It is almost deterministic and feasible with current technology when a strong coherent state and weak XKNLs are employed. Based on the CU gate, we present a BQTP scheme that simultaneously teleports two unknown photons between distant users by transmitting only one photon in a path-polarization intra-particle hybrid entangled state. Consequently, it is possible to experimentally implement BQTP with a certain success probability using the proposed CU gate. Project supported by the Ministry of Science, ICT&Future Planning, Korea, under the C-ITRC (Convergence Information Technology Research Center) Support program (NIPA-2013-H0301-13-3007) supervised by the National IT Industry Promotion Agency.

General Aviation Propulsion

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1980-01-01

Programs exploring and demonstrating new technologies in general aviation propulsion are considered. These programs are the quiet, clean, general aviation turbofan (QCGAT) program; the general aviation turbine engine (GATE) study program; the general aviation propeller technology program; and the advanced rotary, diesel, and reciprocating engine programs.

A simulation for the gated weir opening of Wonokromo River, Rungkut District, Surabaya

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Handajani, N.; Wahjudijanto, I.; Mu'afi, M.

2018-01-01

The gated weir is a weir that the crest elevation could be operated based on the flow through the river. The upstream water level of the gated weir could be controlled with gate opening or closing. This study applied a simulation with HEC-RAS 4,0 program in order to know the river hydraulic condition after the gated weir has built. According to the rainfall intensity from each sub-watershed, Distribution Log Pearson III with return period 50 years (Q50) was determined to calculate the design flood discharge. By using Rational Method, the design flood discharge is 470 m3/s. The Results show that capacity of the river is able to accomodate Q50 with discharge 470 m3/s and the gate should be fully opened during flood. This condition could passed the normal discharge at + 5.00 m elevation.

Accuracy and Consistency of Respiratory Gating in Abdominal Cancer Patients

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ge, Jiajia; Santanam, Lakshmi; Yang, Deshan

2013-03-01

Purpose: To evaluate respiratory gating accuracy and intrafractional consistency for abdominal cancer patients treated with respiratory gated treatment on a regular linear accelerator system. Methods and Materials: Twelve abdominal patients implanted with fiducials were treated with amplitude-based respiratory-gated radiation therapy. On the basis of daily orthogonal fluoroscopy, the operator readjusted the couch position and gating window such that the fiducial was within a setup margin (fiducial-planning target volume [f-PTV]) when RPM indicated “beam-ON.” Fifty-five pre- and post-treatment fluoroscopic movie pairs with synchronized respiratory gating signal were recorded. Fiducial motion traces were extracted from the fluoroscopic movies using a template matchingmore » algorithm and correlated with f-PTV by registering the digitally reconstructed radiographs with the fluoroscopic movies. Treatment was determined to be “accurate” if 50% of the fiducial area stayed within f-PTV while beam-ON. For movie pairs that lost gating accuracy, a MATLAB program was used to assess whether the gating window was optimized, the external-internal correlation (EIC) changed, or the patient moved between movies. A series of safety margins from 0.5 mm to 3 mm was added to f-PTV for reassessing gating accuracy. Results: A decrease in gating accuracy was observed in 44% of movie pairs from daily fluoroscopic movies of 12 abdominal patients. Three main causes for inaccurate gating were identified as change of global EIC over time (∼43%), suboptimal gating setup (∼37%), and imperfect EIC within movie (∼13%). Conclusions: Inconsistent respiratory gating accuracy may occur within 1 treatment session even with a daily adjusted gating window. To improve or maintain gating accuracy during treatment, we suggest using at least a 2.5-mm safety margin to account for gating and setup uncertainties.« less

Ambipolar organic thin-film transistor-based nano-floating-gate nonvolatile memory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Han, Jinhua; Wang, Wei; Ying, Jun; Xie, Wenfa

2014-01-01

An ambipolar organic thin-film transistor-based nano-floating-gate nonvolatile memory was demonstrated, with discrete distributed gold nanoparticles, tetratetracontane (TTC), pentacene as the floating-gate layer, tunneling layer, and active layer, respectively. The electron traps at the TTC/pentacene interface were significantly suppressed, which resulted in an ambipolar operation in present memory. As both electrons and holes were supplied in the channel and trapped in the floating-gate by programming/erasing operations, respectively, i.e., one type of charge carriers was used to overwrite the other, trapped, one, a large memory window, extending on both sides of the initial threshold voltage, was realized.

76 FR 25723 - Proposed Information Collection for Growing America Through Entrepreneurship (GATE) II Evaluation...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-05

... workforce and economic development. Project GATE was an experimental design demonstration that investigated... its continuing effort to reduce paperwork and respondent burden, conducts a pre-clearance consultation... evaluated a demonstration program designed to assist individuals interested in self-employment to develop...

KSC-03PD-2451

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2003-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. Daniel L. Tweed, with the Facilities Division, NASA Spaceport Services, addresses attendees at the ribbon cutting for the KSC Security gates. Tweed was project manager. The two new Security gates on Kennedy Parkway (Gate 2) and NASA Parkway (Gate 3) were activated Aug. 1, allowing the general public to have access to the new Space Commerce Way, which will provide access to the Research Park and KSC Visitor Complex, and providing an alternate route for the general public between Titusville and Merritt Island that is accessible 24 hours a day. The gates are staffed 24 hours daily. Others taking part in the ribbon cutting were Center Director Jim Kennedy; Chief, Protective & Safe Guards Office, Calvin L. Burch; SGS Deputy Program Manager William A. Sample; and Bobby Porter, with Oneida Construction.

Playing Tic-Tac-Toe with a Sugar-Based Molecular Computer.

PubMed

Elstner, M; Schiller, A

2015-08-24

Today, molecules can perform Boolean operations and circuits at a level of higher complexity. However, concatenation of logic gates and inhomogeneous inputs and outputs are still challenging tasks. Novel approaches for logic gate integration are possible when chemical programming and software programming are combined. Here it is shown that a molecular finite automaton based on the concatenated implication function (IMP) of a fluorescent two-component sugar probe via a wiring algorithm is able to play tic-tac-toe.

An Undergraduate Course and Laboratory in Digital Signal Processing with Field Programmable Gate Arrays

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Meyer-Base, U.; Vera, A.; Meyer-Base, A.; Pattichis, M. S.; Perry, R. J.

2010-01-01

In this paper, an innovative educational approach to introducing undergraduates to both digital signal processing (DSP) and field programmable gate array (FPGA)-based design in a one-semester course and laboratory is described. While both DSP and FPGA-based courses are currently present in different curricula, this integrated approach reduces the…

Schools Adapting Curriculum to the Outdoors

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Manzo, Kathleen Kennedy

2008-01-01

Daily lessons at the Learning Gate Community School often tap the wonders of nature on the 27-acre campus, with its open fields and overgrown orange groves, and a treehouse overlooking an idyllic pond. Educators at Learning Gate say the outdoor classrooms and lessons are a balm for many of the ills that can hinder students' physical and mental…

E224G Regulation of the PIP2-Induced Gating Kinetics of Kir2.1 Channels

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ren, Shu-Xi; Li, Jun-Wei; Zhang, Su-Hua; Logothetis, D. E.; An, Hai-Long; Zhan, Yong

2017-01-01

Not Available Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of Hebei Province under Grant Nos C2015202340 and C2013202244, the Foundation for Outstanding Talents of Hebei Province under Grant No C201400305, the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 11247010, 11175055, 11475053, 11347017, 31400711 and 11647121, the NIH R01 under Grant No HL059949-18, the Foundation for the Science and Technology Program of Higher Education Institutions of Hebei Province under Grant No QN2016113, and the Scientific Innovation Fund for Excellent Young Scientists of Hebei University of Technology under Grant No 2015010.

Expanding Access and Opportunity: The Washington State Achievers Scholarship

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

O'Brien, Colleen

2011-01-01

In 2001, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation launched the multi-year, multi-million dollar Washington State Achievers Scholarship program. Concerned about disparities in college participation for low-income students in the state of Washington versus their wealthier peers, the Gates Foundation partnered with the College Success Foundation…

Repeatable, accurate, and high speed multi-level programming of memristor 1T1R arrays for power efficient analog computing applications.

PubMed

Merced-Grafals, Emmanuelle J; Dávila, Noraica; Ge, Ning; Williams, R Stanley; Strachan, John Paul

2016-09-09

Beyond use as high density non-volatile memories, memristors have potential as synaptic components of neuromorphic systems. We investigated the suitability of tantalum oxide (TaOx) transistor-memristor (1T1R) arrays for such applications, particularly the ability to accurately, repeatedly, and rapidly reach arbitrary conductance states. Programming is performed by applying an adaptive pulsed algorithm that utilizes the transistor gate voltage to control the SET switching operation and increase programming speed of the 1T1R cells. We show the capability of programming 64 conductance levels with <0.5% average accuracy using 100 ns pulses and studied the trade-offs between programming speed and programming error. The algorithm is also utilized to program 16 conductance levels on a population of cells in the 1T1R array showing robustness to cell-to-cell variability. In general, the proposed algorithm results in approximately 10× improvement in programming speed over standard algorithms that do not use the transistor gate to control memristor switching. In addition, after only two programming pulses (an initialization pulse followed by a programming pulse), the resulting conductance values are within 12% of the target values in all cases. Finally, endurance of more than 10(6) cycles is shown through open-loop (single pulses) programming across multiple conductance levels using the optimized gate voltage of the transistor. These results are relevant for applications that require high speed, accurate, and repeatable programming of the cells such as in neural networks and analog data processing.

Direct probing of electron and hole trapping into nano-floating-gate in organic field-effect transistor nonvolatile memories

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cui, Ze-Qun; Wang, Shun; Chen, Jian-Mei; Gao, Xu; Dong, Bin; Chi, Li-Feng; Wang, Sui-Dong

2015-03-01

Electron and hole trapping into the nano-floating-gate of a pentacene-based organic field-effect transistor nonvolatile memory is directly probed by Kelvin probe force microscopy. The probing is straightforward and non-destructive. The measured surface potential change can quantitatively profile the charge trapping, and the surface characterization results are in good accord with the corresponding device behavior. Both electrons and holes can be trapped into the nano-floating-gate, with a preference of electron trapping than hole trapping. The trapped charge quantity has an approximately linear relation with the programming/erasing gate bias, indicating that the charge trapping in the device is a field-controlled process.

Catalytic nucleic acids (DNAzymes) as functional units for logic gates and computing circuits: from basic principles to practical applications.

PubMed

Orbach, Ron; Willner, Bilha; Willner, Itamar

2015-03-11

This feature article addresses the implementation of catalytic nucleic acids as functional units for the construction of logic gates and computing circuits, and discusses the future applications of these systems. The assembly of computational modules composed of DNAzymes has led to the operation of a universal set of logic gates, to field programmable logic gates and computing circuits, to the development of multiplexers/demultiplexers, and to full-adder systems. Also, DNAzyme cascades operating as logic gates and computing circuits were demonstrated. DNAzyme logic systems find important practical applications. These include the use of DNAzyme-based systems for sensing and multiplexed analyses, for the development of controlled release and drug delivery systems, for regulating intracellular biosynthetic pathways, and for the programmed synthesis and operation of cascades.

Gates Foundation donates $25 million for AIDS vaccine.

PubMed

1999-05-07

The International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI) received a $25 million five-year grant from Bill and Melinda Gates through the William H. Gates Foundation. This is the largest gift seen in the AIDS epidemic, and will allow IAVI to more than double vaccine development efforts. IAVI is currently developing two potential vaccines, hopes to study three others, and is working with the business community to insure that a successful vaccine is affordable in developing countries. With 16,000 new infections occurring daily, a vaccine is seen as the most effective way to stop the epidemic. The William H. Gates Foundation had donated $1.5 million to IAVI and $100 million for programs to speed the delivery of vaccines to children in poor countries. Internet addresses are included for both IAVI and the William H. Gates Foundation.

CMOS gate array characterization procedures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Spratt, James P.

1993-09-01

Present procedures are inadequate for characterizing the radiation hardness of gate array product lines prior to personalization because the selection of circuits to be used, from among all those available in the manufacturer's circuit library, is usually uncontrolled. (Some circuits are fundamentally more radiation resistant than others.) In such cases, differences in hardness can result between different designs of the same logic function. Hardness also varies because many gate arrays feature large custom-designed megacells (e.g., microprocessors and random access memories-MicroP's and RAM's). As a result, different product lines cannot be compared equally. A characterization strategy is needed, along with standardized test vehicle(s), methodology, and conditions, so that users can make informed judgments on which gate arrays are best suited for their needs. The program described developed preferred procedures for the radiation characterization of gate arrays, including a gate array evaluation test vehicle, featuring a canary circuit, designed to define the speed versus hardness envelope of the gate array. A multiplier was chosen for this role, and a baseline multiplier architecture is suggested that could be incorporated into an existing standard evaluation circuit chip.

Dosimetric verification of gated delivery of electron beams using a 2D ion chamber array

PubMed Central

Yoganathan, S. A.; Das, K. J. Maria; Raj, D. Gowtham; Kumar, Shaleen

2015-01-01

The purpose of this study was to compare the dosimetric characteristics; such as beam output, symmetry and flatness between gated and non-gated electron beams. Dosimetric verification of gated delivery was carried for all electron beams available on Varian CL 2100CD medical linear accelerator. Measurements were conducted for three dose rates (100 MU/min, 300 MU/min and 600 MU/min) and two respiratory motions (breathing period of 4s and 8s). Real-time position management (RPM) system was used for the gated deliveries. Flatness and symmetry values were measured using Imatrixx 2D ion chamber array device and the beam output was measured using plane parallel ion chamber. These detector systems were placed over QUASAR motion platform which was programmed to simulate the respiratory motion of target. The dosimetric characteristics of gated deliveries were compared with non-gated deliveries. The flatness and symmetry of all the evaluated electron energies did not differ by more than 0.7 % with respect to corresponding non-gated deliveries. The beam output variation of gated electron beam was less than 0.6 % for all electron energies except for 16 MeV (1.4 %). Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that Varian CL2100 CD is well suitable for gated delivery of non-dynamic electron beams. PMID:26170552

The Gates' Foundation and the Future of U.S. Public Education: A Call for Scholars to Counter Misinformation Campaigns

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kovacs, Philip E.; Christie, H. K.

2008-01-01

Int his essay, the authors identify and problematize the claims and activities of four think tanks supported by contributions from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Kovacs and Christie attempt to show that these contributions support scholars and research of dubious quality, engage in political science abuse, and perpetuate discourses and…

A DNAzyme-mediated logic gate for programming molecular capture and release on DNA origami.

PubMed

Li, Feiran; Chen, Haorong; Pan, Jing; Cha, Tae-Gon; Medintz, Igor L; Choi, Jong Hyun

2016-06-28

Here we design a DNA origami-based site-specific molecular capture and release platform operated by a DNAzyme-mediated logic gate process. We show the programmability and versatility of this platform with small molecules, proteins, and nanoparticles, which may also be controlled by external light signals.

P-channel differential multiple-time programmable memory cells by laterally coupled floating metal gate fin field-effect transistors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Tai-Min; Chien, Wei-Yu; Hsu, Chia-Ling; Lin, Chrong Jung; King, Ya-Chin

2018-04-01

In this paper, we present a new differential p-channel multiple-time programmable (MTP) memory cell that is fully compatible with advanced 16 nm CMOS fin field-effect transistors (FinFET) logic processes. This differential MTP cell stores complementary data in floating gates coupled by a slot contact structure, which make different read currents possible on a single cell. In nanoscale CMOS FinFET logic processes, the gate dielectric layer becomes too thin to retain charges inside floating gates for nonvolatile data storage. By using a differential architecture, the sensing window of the cell can be extended and maintained by an advanced blanket boost scheme. The charge retention problem in floating gate cells can be improved by periodic restoring lost charges when significant read window narrowing occurs. In addition to high programming efficiency, this p-channel MTP cells also exhibit good cycling endurance as well as disturbance immunity. The blanket boost scheme can remedy the charge loss problem under thin gate dielectrics.

Teachers Know Best: What Educators Want from Digital Instructional Tools 2.0

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, 2015

2015-01-01

As part of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation's efforts to improve educational outcomes for all students, and particularly low-income students and students of color, the foundation seeks to encourage innovation in K-12 education by supporting educators to personalize learning for students. This report renews the understanding about how…

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nielsen, Erik; Blume-Kohout, Robin; Rudinger, Kenneth

PyGSTi is an implementation of Gate Set Tomography in the python programming language. Gate Set Tomography (GST) is a theory and protocol for simultaneously estimating the state preparation, gate operations, and measurement effects of a physical system of one or many quantum bits (qubits). These estimates are based entirely on the statistics of experimental measurements, and their interpretation and analysis can provide a detailed understanding of the types of errors/imperfections in the physical system. In this way, GST provides not only a means of certifying the "goodness" of qubits but also a means of debugging (i.e. improving) them.

Linking Educational Research Activities across Europe: A Review of the WIFO Gateway to Research on Education in Europe

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Manning, Sabine

2007-01-01

The WIFO Gateway to Research on Education in Europe (http://www.wifo-gate.org) is an Internet portal focusing on vocational education and training and human resource development. Launched 10 years ago by the Research Forum Education and Society (Wissenschaftsforum Bildung und Gesellschaft-WIFO) Berlin, it has developed in several stages in close…

Disturb-Free Three-Dimensional Vertical Floating Gate NAND with Separated-Sidewall Control Gate

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Seo, Moon-Sik; Endoh, Tetsuo

2012-02-01

Recently, the three-dimensional (3D) vertical floating gate (FG) type NAND cell arrays with the sidewall control gate (SCG) structure are receiving attention to overcome the reliability issues of charge trap (CT) type 3D NAND. In order to achieve the multilevel cell (MLC) operation for lower bit cost in 3D NAND, it is important to eliminate reliability issues, such as the Vth distribution with interference and disturbance problems and Vth shift with retention issues. In this paper, we intensively investigated the disturbance problems of the 3D vertical FG type NAND cell with separated-sidewall control gate (S-SCG) structure for the reliable MLC operation. Above all, we successfully demonstrate the fully suppressed disturbance problems, such as indirect programming of the unselected cells, hot electron injection of the edge cells and direct influence to the neighboring passing cells, by using the S-SCG with 30 nm pillar size.

Scaling dependence of memory windows and different carrier charging behaviors in Si nanocrystal nonvolatile memory devices

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yu, Jie; Chen, Kun-ji; Ma, Zhong-yuan; Zhang, Xin-xin; Jiang, Xiao-fan; Wu, Yang-qing; Huang, Xin-fan; Oda, Shunri

2016-09-01

Based on the charge storage mode, it is important to investigate the scaling dependence of memory performance in silicon nanocrystal (Si-NC) nonvolatile memory (NVM) devices for its scaling down limit. In this work, we made eight kinds of test key cells with different gate widths and lengths by 0.13-μm node complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. It is found that the memory windows of eight kinds of test key cells are almost the same of about 1.64 V @ ± 7 V/1 ms, which are independent of the gate area, but mainly determined by the average size (12 nm) and areal density (1.8 × 1011/cm2) of Si-NCs. The program/erase (P/E) speed characteristics are almost independent of gate widths and lengths. However, the erase speed is faster than the program speed of test key cells, which is due to the different charging behaviors between electrons and holes during the operation processes. Furthermore, the data retention characteristic is also independent of the gate area. Our findings are useful for further scaling down of Si-NC NVM devices to improve the performance and on-chip integration. Project supported by the State Key Development Program for Basic Research of China (Grant No. 2010CB934402) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11374153, 61571221, and 61071008).

RHrFPGA Radiation-Hardened Re-programmable Field-Programmable Gate Array

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sanders, A. B.; LaBel, K. A.; McCabe, J. F.; Gardner, G. A.; Lintz, J.; Ross, C.; Golke, K.; Burns, B.; Carts, M. A.; Kim, H. S.

2004-01-01

Viewgraphs on the development of the Radiation-Hardened Re-programmable Field-Programmable Gate Array (RHrFPGA) are presented. The topics include: 1) Radiation Test Suite; 2) Testing Interface; 3) Test Configuration; 4) Facilities; 5) Test Programs; 6) Test Procedure; and 7) Test Results. A summary of heavy ion and proton testing is also included.

Condition Assessment Aspects of an Asset Management Program

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-01-01

of a roller gate..................................................................................................49 Figure 11. Torsion in a roller...each component of these structures (filters, drains , motors, wire rope, etc.). This is accomplished by a pre- developed framework that is tailored to...various types of miter gates to account for within the algorithm. Depending on the anchorage system (rigid versus flexible ) and whether the lock is

Teaching alternatives to the standard inferior alveolar nerve block in dental education: outcomes in clinical practice.

PubMed

Johnson, Thomas M; Badovinac, Rachel; Shaefer, Jeffry

2007-09-01

Surveys were sent to Harvard School of Dental Medicine students and graduates from the classes of 2000 through 2006 to determine their current primary means of achieving mandibular anesthesia. Orthodontists and orthodontic residents were excluded. All subjects received clinical training in the conventional inferior alveolar nerve block and two alternative techniques (the Akinosi mandibular block and the Gow-Gates mandibular block) during their predoctoral dental education. This study tests the hypothesis that students and graduates who received training in the conventional inferior alveolar nerve block, the Akinosi mandibular block, and the Gow-Gates mandibular block will report more frequent current utilization of alternatives to the conventional inferior alveolar nerve block than clinicians trained in the conventional technique only. At the 95 percent confidence level, we estimated that between 3.7 percent and 16.1 percent (mean=8.5 percent) of clinicians trained in using the Gow-Gates technique use this injection technique primarily, and between 35.4 percent and 56.3 percent (mean=47.5 percent) of those trained in the Gow-Gates method never use this technique. At the same confidence level, between 0.0 percent and 3.8 percent (mean=0.0 percent) of clinicians trained in using the Akinosi technique use this injection clinical technique primarily, and between 62.2 percent and 81.1 percent (mean=72.3 percent) of those trained in the Akinosi method never use this technique. No control group that was completely untrained in the Gow-Gates or Akinosi techniques was available for comparison. However, we presume that zero percent of clinicians who have not been trained in a given technique will use the technique in clinical practice. The confidence interval for the Gow-Gates method excludes this value, while the confidence interval for the Akinosi technique includes zero percent. We conclude that, in the study population, formal clinical training in the Gow-Gates and Akinosi injection techniques lead to a small but significant increase in current primary utilization of the Gow-Gates technique. No significant increase in current primary utilization of the Akinosi technique was found.

"Educational Regionalization" and the Gated Global: The Construction of the Caribbean Educational Policy Space

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jules, Tavis D.

2015-01-01

This article draws on "regime theory," particularly on the concepts of cooperation, compatibility of interests, and proclivity to compromise, to examine the rise of the Caribbean Educational Policy Space (CEPS). In making this argument, with the aid of a content analysis of 26 educational policies from the 15 member states of the…

A comparison of two embedded programming techniques for high rep rate coherent Doppler lidars

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Arend, Mark F.; Abdelazim, Sameh; Lopez, Miguel; Moshary, Fred

2013-05-01

Two FPGA embedded programming approaches are considered and compared for a 20 kHz pulse repetition rate coherent Doppler lidar system which acquires return signals at 400 Msamples/second and operates with signal to noise ratios as low as -20 dB. In the first approach, the acquired return signal is gated in time and the square modulus of the fast Fourier transform is accumulated for each of the range gates, producing a series of power spectra as a function of range. Wind speed decisions based on numerical estimators can then be made after transferring the range gated accumulated power spectra to a host computer, enabling the line of sight wind speed as a function of range gate to be calculated and stored for additional processing. In the second FPGA approach, a digital IQ demodulator and down sampler reduces the data flow requirements so that an autocorrelation matrix representing a pre-selected number of lags can be accumulated, allowing for the process of range gating to be explored on the host computer. The added feature of the second approach is that it allows for an additional capability to adjust the range gate period dynamically as the state of the atmospheric boundary layer (e.g. backscatter coefficient and stability condition) changes. A simple manual beam scanning technique is used to calculate the wind field vector which is graphically displayed on time-height cross section plots. A comparison to other observed and modeled information is presented suggesting the usefulness for the characterization of microscale meteorology.

Using the Secondary Electrons (SE) of scanning electron microscope with NIST`s MONSEL-II program to obtain improved linewidth measurements and slope angles of line edges on a MMIC GaAs device

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sartore, R.G.

1996-12-31

In the evaluation of GaAs devices from the MMIC (Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuits) program for Army applications, there was a requirement to obtain accurate linewidth measurements on the nominal 0.5 micrometer gate lengths used to fabricate these devices. Preliminary measurements indicated a significant variation (typically 10% to 30% but could be more) in the critical dimensional measurements of the gate length, gate to source distance and gate to drain distance. Passivation introduced a margin of error, which was removed by plasma etching. Additionally, the high aspect ratio (4-5) of the thick gold (Au) conductors also introduced measurement difficulties. The finalmore » measurements were performed were performed after the thick gold conductor was removed and only the barrier metal remained, which was approximately 250 nanometer thick platinum on GaAs substrate. The thickness was measured using the penetration voltage method. Linescan of the secondary electron signal as it scans across the gate is shown in Figure 1. This linescan is an average of 5 linescans in the immediate vicinity to reduce noise levels. A SEM image of the area is shown in Figure 2. To obtain a rough estimate of the slopes of the gate lines at the edges, the sample was tilted to 75 degrees and the image in Figure 3 was obtained. From this figure a rough estimate of the sloped edges, using a protractor, was obtained, approximately 27 degrees, +/-5 degrees.« less

Scalable entanglement in trapped ions using optimal control of multimode couplings

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Debnath, Shantanu; Choi, Taeyoung; Manning, T. Andrew; Figgatt, Caroline; Monroe, Chris

2014-05-01

We perform high fidelity multipartite entanglement of ion subsets in a chain of five Yb+ qubits using optimal pulse shaping. A focused mode-locked laser beam individually addresses qubits to couple them to multiple collective transverse modes of motion to perform entangling phase gates on pairs of adjacent qubits. Pulse shaping by modulating the amplitude and phase of the laser can drive high fidelity gates for certain pulse solutions that are relatively insensitive to detuning errors. We create entangled states in the GHZ class and witness genuine tripartite entanglement using individual state detection. This method of engineering the evolution of multiple modes scales well for large qubit registers by keeping gate times short. This work is supported by grants from the U.S. Army Research Office with funding from the DARPA OLE program, IARPA, and the MURI program; and the NSF Physics Frontier Center at JQI.

Logical qubit fusion

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Moussa, Jonathan; Ryan-Anderson, Ciaran

The canonical modern plan for universal quantum computation is a Clifford+T gate set implemented in a topological error-correcting code. This plan has the basic disparity that logical Clifford gates are natural for codes in two spatial dimensions while logical T gates are natural in three. Recent progress has reduced this disparity by proposing logical T gates in two dimensions with doubled, stacked, or gauge color codes, but these proposals lack an error threshold. An alternative universal gate set is Clifford+F, where a fusion (F) gate converts two logical qubits into a logical qudit. We show that logical F gates can be constructed by identifying compatible pairs of qubit and qudit codes that stabilize the same logical subspace, much like the original Bravyi-Kitaev construction of magic state distillation. The simplest example of high-distance compatible codes results in a proposal that is very similar to the stacked color code with the key improvement of retaining an error threshold. Sandia National Labs is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corp, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corp, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000.

GATE Center of Excellence at UAB in Lightweight Materials for Automotive Applications

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

None

2011-07-31

This report summarizes the accomplishments of the UAB GATE Center of Excellence in Lightweight Materials for Automotive Applications. The first Phase of the UAB DOE GATE center spanned the period 2005-2011. The UAB GATE goals coordinated with the overall goals of DOE's FreedomCAR and Vehicles Technologies initiative and DOE GATE program. The FCVT goals are: (1) Development and validation of advanced materials and manufacturing technologies to significantly reduce automotive vehicle body and chassis weight without compromising other attributes such as safety, performance, recyclability, and cost; (2) To provide a new generation of engineers and scientists with knowledge and skills inmore » advanced automotive technologies. The UAB GATE focused on both the FCVT and GATE goals in the following manner: (1) Train and produce graduates in lightweight automotive materials technologies; (2) Structure the engineering curricula to produce specialists in the automotive area; (3) Leverage automotive related industry in the State of Alabama; (4) Expose minority students to advanced technologies early in their career; (5) Develop innovative virtual classroom capabilities tied to real manufacturing operations; and (6) Integrate synergistic, multi-departmental activities to produce new product and manufacturing technologies for more damage tolerant, cost-effective, and lighter automotive structures.« less

AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors with selective area grown p-GaN gates

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yuliang, Huang; Lian, Zhang; Zhe, Cheng; Yun, Zhang; Yujie, Ai; Yongbing, Zhao; Hongxi, Lu; Junxi, Wang; Jinmin, Li

2016-11-01

We report a selective area growth (SAG) method to define the p-GaN gate of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. Compared with Schottky gate HEMTs, the SAG p-GaN gate HEMTs show more positive threshold voltage (V th) and better gate control ability. The influence of Cp2Mg flux of SAG p-GaN gate on the AlGaN/GaN HEMTs has also been studied. With the increasing Cp2Mg from 0.16 μmol/min to 0.20 μmol/min, the V th raises from -0.67 V to -0.37 V. The maximum transconductance of the SAG HEMT at a drain voltage of 10 V is 113.9 mS/mm while that value of the Schottky HEMT is 51.6 mS/mm. The SAG method paves a promising way for achieving p-GaN gate normally-off AlGaN/GaN HEMTs without dry etching damage. Project supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (Nos. 61376090, 61306008) and the National High Technology Program of China (No. 2014AA032606).

Approaches of Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation-Funded Intermediary Organizations to Structuring and Supporting Small High Schools in New York City

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Foley, Eileen

2010-01-01

In 2003, a few years after the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation began implementing its small schools reform agenda, the Chancellor of the New York City Department of Education (DOE) announced a plan to replace large failing high schools in New York City with 200 small schools. In short order, the foundation and the Chancellor became partners…

Approaches of Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation-Funded Intermediary Organizations to Structuring and Supporting Small High Schools in New York City. Executive Summary

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Foley, Eileen

2010-01-01

In 2003, a few years after the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation began implementing its small schools reform agenda, the Chancellor of the New York City Department of Education (DOE) announced a plan to replace large failing high schools in New York City with 200 small schools. In short order, the foundation and the Chancellor became partners with…

An Upward Spiral? The Gate Project: A Case Study of the Role of Training in Addressing Homelessness in Central London. Monographs in Continuing Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Carter, Julia

In 1990, the London Enterprise Agency, a private sector consortium dedicated to inner-city regeneration in London, established a project to address homelessness. Later called GATE (Guaranteed Accommodation and Training for Employment), the project had three central features: a focus on employment as a means of tackling homelessness; the use of a…

The Fault Tree Compiler (FTC): Program and mathematics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Butler, Ricky W.; Martensen, Anna L.

1989-01-01

The Fault Tree Compiler Program is a new reliability tool used to predict the top-event probability for a fault tree. Five different gate types are allowed in the fault tree: AND, OR, EXCLUSIVE OR, INVERT, AND m OF n gates. The high-level input language is easy to understand and use when describing the system tree. In addition, the use of the hierarchical fault tree capability can simplify the tree description and decrease program execution time. The current solution technique provides an answer precisely (within the limits of double precision floating point arithmetic) within a user specified number of digits accuracy. The user may vary one failure rate or failure probability over a range of values and plot the results for sensitivity analyses. The solution technique is implemented in FORTRAN; the remaining program code is implemented in Pascal. The program is written to run on a Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) VAX computer with the VMS operation system.

Methods for the design and analysis of power optimized finite-state machines using clock gating

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chodorowski, Piotr

2017-11-01

The paper discusses two methods of design of power optimized FSMs. Both methods use clock gating techniques. The main objective of the research was to write a program capable of generating automatic hardware description of finite-state machines in VHDL and testbenches to help power analysis. The creation of relevant output files is detailed step by step. The program was tested using the LGSynth91 FSM benchmark package. An analysis of the generated circuits shows that the second method presented in this paper leads to significant reduction of power consumption.

A SONOS device with a separated charge trapping layer for improvement of charge injection

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ahn, Jae-Hyuk; Moon, Dong-Il; Ko, Seung-Won; Kim, Chang-Hoon; Kim, Jee-Yeon; Kim, Moon-Seok; Seol, Myeong-Lok; Moon, Joon-Bae; Choi, Ji-Min; Oh, Jae-Sub; Choi, Sung-Jin; Choi, Yang-Kyu

2017-03-01

A charge trapping layer that is separated from the primary gate dielectric is implemented on a FinFET SONOS structure. By virtue of the reduced effective oxide thickness of the primary gate dielectric, a strong gate-to-channel coupling is obtained and thus short-channel effects in the proposed device are effectively suppressed. Moreover, a high program/erase speed and a large shift in the threshold voltage are achieved due to the improved charge injection by the reduced effective oxide thickness. The proposed structure has potential for use in high speed flash memory.

Extended-gate organic field-effect transistor for the detection of histamine in water

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Minamiki, Tsukuru; Minami, Tsuyoshi; Yokoyama, Daisuke; Fukuda, Kenjiro; Kumaki, Daisuke; Tokito, Shizuo

2015-04-01

As part of our ongoing research program to develop health care sensors based on organic field-effect transistor (OFET) devices, we have attempted to detect histamine using an extended-gate OFET. Histamine is found in spoiled or decayed fish, and causes foodborne illness known as scombroid food poisoning. The new OFET device possesses an extended gate functionalized by carboxyalkanethiol that can interact with histamine. As a result, we have succeeded in detecting histamine in water through a shift in OFET threshold voltage. This result indicates the potential utility of the designed OFET devices in food freshness sensing.

Accurate quantum Z rotations with less magic

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Landahl, Andrew; Cesare, Chris

2013-03-01

We present quantum protocols for executing arbitrarily accurate π /2k rotations of a qubit about its Z axis. Unlike reduced instruction set computing (RISC) protocols which use a two-step process of synthesizing high-fidelity ``magic'' states from which T = Z (π / 4) gates can be teleported and then compiling a sequence of adaptive stabilizer operations and T gates to approximate Z (π /2k) , our complex instruction set computing (CISC) protocol distills magic states for the Z (π /2k) gates directly. Replacing this two-step process with a single step results in substantial reductions in the number of gates needed. The key to our construction is a family of shortened quantum Reed-Muller codes of length 2 k + 2 - 1 , whose distillation threshold shrinks with k but is greater than 0.85% for k <= 6 . AJL and CC were supported in part by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development program at Sandia National Laboratories. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000.

Developmental Education--Untangling the Knot: A Study of Disaggregated Developmental Education Data from Selected Pennsylvania Community Colleges

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Connelly-Weida, Cecelia

2011-01-01

The Lumina Foundation, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Columbia University's Teacher's College Community College Research Center, and Appalachian State's National Center for Developmental Education, funded in part by the Kellogg Institute, expended considerable energy researching promising instructional and support practices in the area of…

The Consortium for Higher Education Tax Reform Report

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Center for Postsecondary and Economic Success, 2014

2014-01-01

This White Paper presents the work of the Consortium for Higher Education Tax Reform, a partnership funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation as part of the second phase of its Reimagining Aid Design and Delivery (RADD) initiative. Consortium partners are the Center for Postsecondary and Economic Success at CLASP, the Education Trust, New…

Policy Patrons: Philanthropy, Education Reform, and the Politics of Influence. Educational Innovations Series

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tompkins-Stange, Megan E.

2016-01-01

"Policy Patrons" offers a rare behind-the-scenes view of decision making inside four influential education philanthropies: the Ford Foundation, the W. K. Kellogg Foundation, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, and the Eli and Edythe Broad Foundation. The outcome is an intriguing, thought-provoking look at the impact of current…

Growing community: the impact of the Stephanie Alexander Kitchen Garden Program on the social and learning environment in primary schools.

PubMed

Block, Karen; Gibbs, Lisa; Staiger, Petra K; Gold, Lisa; Johnson, Britt; Macfarlane, Susie; Long, Caroline; Townsend, Mardie

2012-08-01

This article presents results from a mixed-method evaluation of a structured cooking and gardening program in Australian primary schools, focusing on program impacts on the social and learning environment of the school. In particular, we address the Stephanie Alexander Kitchen Garden Program objective of providing a pleasurable experience that has a positive impact on student engagement, social connections, and confidence within and beyond the school gates. Primary evidence for the research question came from qualitative data collected from students, parents, teachers, volunteers, school principals, and specialist staff through interviews, focus groups, and participant observations. This was supported by analyses of quantitative data on child quality of life, cooperative behaviors, teacher perceptions of the school environment, and school-level educational outcome and absenteeism data. Results showed that some of the program attributes valued most highly by study participants included increased student engagement and confidence, opportunities for experiential and integrated learning, teamwork, building social skills, and connections and links between schools and their communities. In this analysis, quantitative findings failed to support findings from the primary analysis. Limitations as well as benefits of a mixed-methods approach to evaluation of complex community interventions are discussed.

NASA Univision Hispanic Education Campaign

NASA Image and Video Library

2010-02-23

Melinda French Gates, of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, speaks during an event at the National Press Club in Washington, Tuesday, Feb. 23, 2010. NASA is working with Univision Communications Inc. to develop a partnership in support of the Spanish-language media outlet's initiative to improve high school graduation rates, prepare Hispanic students for college, and encourage them to pursue careers in science, technology, engineering and mathematics, or STEM, disciplines. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

NASA Univision Hispanic Education Campaign

NASA Image and Video Library

2010-02-23

Melinda French Gates, of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation speaks at an event at the National Press Club in Washington, Tuesday, Feb. 23, 2010. NASA is working with Univision Communications Inc. to develop a partnership in support of the Spanish-language media outlet's initiative to improve high school graduation rates, prepare Hispanic students for college, and encourage them to pursue careers in science, technology, engineering and mathematics, or STEM, disciplines. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Digital Circuit Analysis Using an 8080 Processor.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Greco, John; Stern, Kenneth

1983-01-01

Presents the essentials of a program written in Intel 8080 assembly language for the steady state analysis of a combinatorial logic gate circuit. Program features and potential modifications are considered. For example, the program could also be extended to include clocked/unclocked sequential circuits. (JN)

Highly reliable top-gated thin-film transistor memory with semiconducting, tunneling, charge-trapping, and blocking layers all of flexible polymers.

PubMed

Wang, Wei; Hwang, Sun Kak; Kim, Kang Lib; Lee, Ju Han; Cho, Suk Man; Park, Cheolmin

2015-05-27

The core components of a floating-gate organic thin-film transistor nonvolatile memory (OTFT-NVM) include the semiconducting channel layer, tunneling layer, floating-gate layer, and blocking layer, besides three terminal electrodes. In this study, we demonstrated OTFT-NVMs with all four constituent layers made of polymers based on consecutive spin-coating. Ambipolar charges injected and trapped in a polymer electret charge-controlling layer upon gate program and erase field successfully allowed for reliable bistable channel current levels at zero gate voltage. We have observed that the memory performance, in particular the reliability of a device, significantly depends upon the thickness of both blocking and tunneling layers, and with an optimized layer thickness and materials selection, our device exhibits a memory window of 15.4 V, on/off current ratio of 2 × 10(4), read and write endurance cycles over 100, and time-dependent data retention of 10(8) s, even when fabricated on a mechanically flexible plastic substrate.

Design and performance of a respiratory amplitude gating device for PET/CT imaging

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chang Guoping; Chang Tingting; Clark, John W. Jr.

2010-04-15

Purpose: Recently, the authors proposed a free-breathing amplitude gating (FBAG) technique for PET/CT scanners. The implementation of this technique required specialized hardware and software components that were specifically designed to interface with commercial respiratory gating devices to generate the necessary triggers required for the FBAG technique. The objective of this technical note is to introduce an in-house device that integrates all the necessary hardware and software components as well as tracks the patient's respiratory motion to realize amplitude gating on PET/CT scanners. Methods: The in-house device is composed of a piezoelectric transducer coupled to a data-acquisition system in order tomore » monitor the respiratory waveform. A LABVIEW program was designed to control the data-acquisition device and inject triggers into the PET list stream whenever the detected respiratory amplitude crossed a predetermined amplitude range. A timer was also programmed to stop the scan when the accumulated time within the selected amplitude range reached a user-set interval. This device was tested using a volunteer and a phantom study. Results: The results from the volunteer and phantom studies showed that the in-house device can detect similar respiratory signals as commercially available respiratory gating systems and is able to generate the necessary triggers to suppress respiratory motion artifacts. Conclusions: The proposed in-house device can be used to implement the FBAG technique in current PET/CT scanners.« less

Outside the Golden Gate: Prospects and Comparisons in Finnish Adult Higher Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Parjanen, Matti, Ed.; And Others

This book contains four articles on adult higher education (AHE) in Finland. In the preface, Matti Parjanen outlines the development of AHE in Finland and discusses the rationale for the book. In "Adult Education and Universities in the Era of Economic Depression," Osmo Kivinen and Risto Rinne examine the dilemma between the mission of…

A Steep Price to Pay for Short-Changing Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gates, Robert M.

2013-01-01

In this article, Robert M. Gates, former Secretary of Defense and chancellor of the College of William & Mary, makes three observations about public higher education: (1) Over the past generation we have seen a gradual abandonment of the principle that higher education is a public good and the emergence of a view that it is a private consumer…

High resolution radiometric measurements of convective storms during the GATE experiment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fowler, G.; Lisa, A. S.

1976-01-01

Using passive microwave data from the NASA CV-990 aircraft and radar data collected during the Global Atmospheric Research Program Atlantic Tropical Experiment (GATE), an empirical model was developed relating brightness temperatures sensed at 19.35 GHz to surface rainfall rates. This model agreed well with theoretical computations of the relationship between microwave radiation and precipitation in the tropics. The GATE aircraft microwave data was then used to determine the detailed structure of convective systems. The high spatial resolution of the data permitted identification of individual cells which retained unique identities throughout their lifetimes in larger cloud masses and allowed analysis of the effects of cloud merger.

Gate Set Tomography on a trapped ion qubit

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nielsen, Erik; Blume-Kohout, Robin; Gamble, John; Rundinger, Kenneth; Mizrahi, Jonathan; Sterk, Johathan; Maunz, Peter

2015-03-01

We present enhancements to gate-set tomography (GST), which is a framework in which an entire set of quantum logic gates (including preparation and measurement) can be fully characterized without need for pre-calibrated operations. Our new method, ``extended Linear GST'' (eLGST) uses fast, reliable analysis of structured long gate sequences to deliver tomographic precision at the Heisenberg limit with GST's calibration-free framework. We demonstrate this precision on a trapped-ion qubit, and show significant (orders of magnitude) advantage over both standard process tomography and randomized benchmarking. This work was supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) program at Sandia National Laboratories. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000.

How the Avahan HIV prevention program transitioned from the Gates Foundation to the government of India.

PubMed

Sgaier, Sema K; Ramakrishnan, Aparajita; Dhingra, Neeraj; Wadhwani, Alkesh; Alexander, Ashok; Bennett, Sara; Bhalla, Aparajita; Kumta, Sameer; Jayaram, Matangi; Gupta, Pankaj; Piot, Peter K; Bertozzi, Stefano M; Anthony, John

2013-07-01

Developing countries face diminishing development aid and time-limited donor commitments that challenge the long-term sustainability of donor-funded programs to improve the health of local populations. Increasing country ownership of the programs is one solution. Transitioning managerial and financial responsibility for donor-funded programs to governments and local stakeholders represents a highly advanced form of country ownership, but there are few successful examples among large-scale programs. We present a transition framework and describe how it was used to transfer the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation's HIV/AIDS prevention program, the Avahan program, to the Government of India. Essential features recommended for the transition of donor-funded programs to governments include early planning with the government, aligning donor program components with government structures and funding models prior to transition, building government capacity through active technical and management support, budgeting for adequate support during and after the transition, and dividing the transition into phases to allow time for adjustments and corrections. The transition of programs to governments is an important sustainability strategy for efforts to scale up HIV prevention programs to reach the populations most at risk.

The fault-tree compiler

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Martensen, Anna L.; Butler, Ricky W.

1987-01-01

The Fault Tree Compiler Program is a new reliability tool used to predict the top event probability for a fault tree. Five different gate types are allowed in the fault tree: AND, OR, EXCLUSIVE OR, INVERT, and M OF N gates. The high level input language is easy to understand and use when describing the system tree. In addition, the use of the hierarchical fault tree capability can simplify the tree description and decrease program execution time. The current solution technique provides an answer precise (within the limits of double precision floating point arithmetic) to the five digits in the answer. The user may vary one failure rate or failure probability over a range of values and plot the results for sensitivity analyses. The solution technique is implemented in FORTRAN; the remaining program code is implemented in Pascal. The program is written to run on a Digital Corporation VAX with the VMS operation system.

Design and simulation of a novel E-mode GaN MIS-HEMT based on a cascode connection for suppression of electric field under gate and improvement of reliability

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Weiyi; Zhang, Zhili; Fu, Kai; Yu, Guohao; Zhang, Xiaodong; Sun, Shichuang; Song, Liang; Hao, Ronghui; Fan, Yaming; Cai, Yong; Zhang, Baoshun

2017-07-01

We proposed a novel AlGaN/GaN enhancement-mode (E-mode) high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) with a dual-gate structure and carried out the detailed numerical simulation of device operation using Silvaco Atlas. The dual-gate device is based on a cascode connection of an E-mode and a D-mode gate. The simulation results show that electric field under the gate is decreased by more than 70% compared to that of the conventional E-mode MIS-HEMTs (from 2.83 MV/cm decreased to 0.83 MV/cm). Thus, with the discussion of ionized trap density, the proposed dual-gate structure can highly improve electric field-related reliability, such as, threshold voltage stability. In addition, compared with HEMT with field plate structure, the proposed structure exhibits a simplified fabrication process and a more effective suppression of high electric field. Project supported by the Key Technologies Support Program of Jiangsu Province (No. BE2013002-2) and the National Key Scientific Instrument and Equipment Development Projects of China (No. 2013YQ470767).

Time delay and integration array (TDI) using charge transfer device technology. Phase 2, volume 1: Technical

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1977-01-01

The 20x9 TDI array was developed to meet the LANDSAT Thematic Mapper Requirements. This array is based upon a self-aligned, transparent gate, buried channel process. The process features: (1) buried channel, four phase, overlapping gate CCD's for high transfer efficiency without fat zero; (2) self-aligned transistors to minimize clock feedthrough and parasitic capacitance; and (3) transparent tin oxide electrode for high quantum efficiency with front surface irradiation. The requirements placed on the array and the performance achieved are summarized. This data is the result of flat field measurements only, no imaging or dynamic target measurements were made during this program. Measurements were performed with two different test stands. The bench test equipment fabricated for this program operated at the 8 micro sec line time and employed simple sampling of the gated MOSFET output video signal. The second stand employed Correlated Doubled Sampling (CDS) and operated at 79.2 micro sec line time.

Adult Reading, Rated G.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lewis, Anne C.

2003-01-01

Suggests books for summer reading for Department of Education officials involved in closing all 16 ERIC Clearinghouses or touting the superiority of a Christian education, standardized test-makers, planners of the Gates Foundation, and the creator of the Algebra Project. For example, suggests that standardized test-makers read William Bennett's…

The End of Public Schools? Or a New Beginning?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hursh, David; Martina, Camille Anne

2016-01-01

Public education is becoming increasingly privatized as private philanthropic organizations, such as the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, and corporations, such as Pearson, dominate the policy-making process, and more students enroll in publicly funded but privately administered charter schools. The privatization of education results from the…

Image Analysis Using Quantum Entropy Scale Space and Diffusion Concepts

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-11-01

images using a combination of analytic methods and prototype Matlab and Mathematica programs. We investigated concepts of generalized entropy and...Schmidt strength from quantum logic gate decomposition. This form of entropy gives a measure of the nonlocal content of an entangling logic gate...11 We recall that the Schmidt number is an indicator of entanglement , but not a measure of entanglement . For instance, let us compare

High Voltage, Solid-State Switch for Fusion Science Applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ziemba, Timothy; Prager, James; Miller, Kenneth E.; Slobodov, Ilia

2017-10-01

Eagle Harbor Technologies, Inc. is developing a series stack of solid-state switches to produce a single high voltage switch that can be operated at over 35 kV. During the Phase I program, EHT developed two high voltage switch modules: one with isolated power gate drive and a second with inductively coupled gate drive. These switches were tested at 15 kV and up to 300 A at switching frequencies up to 500 kHz for 10 ms bursts. Robust switching was demonstrated for both IGBTs and SiC MOSFETs. During the Phase II program, EHT will develop a higher voltage switch (>35 kV) that will be suitable for high pulsed and average power applications. EHT will work with LTX to utilize these switches to design, build, and test a pulsed magnetron driver that will be delivered to LTX before the completion of the program. EHT will present data from the Phase I program as well as preliminary results from the start of the Phase II program. With support of DOE SBIR.

The "Knox v. Knox" Decision and Drug Testing for Public School Employees: Why Educators Do Not Shed Their Rights at the Schoolhouse Gate.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Orr, Ginger

2000-01-01

Discusses the importance of drug-testing policies for educators by analyzing the recent Sixth Circuit Court of Appeal's decision in "Knox v. Knox." Concludes that mandatory drug testing for educators in safety-sensitive positions will not infringe on the constitutional rights of school employees. (Contains 30 footnotes.) (MLF)

Inequalities at the Starting Gate: Cognitive and Noncognitive Skills Gaps between 2010-2011 Kindergarten Classmates. Report

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Garcia, Emma

2015-01-01

Inequalities in education outcomes such as test scores or degree attainment have been at the center of education policy debates for decades. Indeed, the first seminal national report on the state of U.S. education--the 1966 Coleman Report--examined some of these inequalities 50 years ago. Since then, researchers have examined performance gaps by…

The Gauntlet: Think Tanks and Federally Funded Centers Misrepresent and Suppress Other Education Research

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Phelps, Richard P.

2014-01-01

Currently, too few people have too much influence over those who control the education research purse strings. And, those who control the purse strings have too much influence over policy decisions. Until folk at the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and the US Education Department--to mention just a couple of consistent funders of education…

Green Action through Education: A Model for Fostering Positive Attitudes about STEM

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wheland, Ethel R.; Donovan, William J.; Dukes, J. Thomas; Qammar, Helen K.; Smith, Gregory A.; Williams, Bonnie L.

2013-01-01

This paper describes an innovative collaboration between instructors of non-STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) courses and scientists who teach STEM courses in the GATE (Green Action Through Education) learning community. The scientists in this project presented engaging science--in such diverse locations as a sewage…

Teachers Know Best: Making Data Work for Teachers and Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, 2015

2015-01-01

As part of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation's broader efforts to improve educational opportunities for all students, the "Teachers Know Best" research project seeks to encourage innovation in K-12 education by helping product developers and those who procure resources for teachers better understand teachers' views. The original…

Foundations and the Advancement of Postsecondary Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Morris, Libby V.

2017-01-01

The author examined the websites of two large foundations, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and the Lumina Foundation. Each has developed projects and networks, coupled with substantive grants, to improve postsecondary education. These and other foundations have deep and ongoing commitments, not just philosophical but resource-based, to…

Efficient G(sup 4)FET-Based Logic Circuits

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Vatan, Farrokh

2008-01-01

A total of 81 optimal logic circuits based on four-gate field-effect transistors (G(sup 4)4FETs) have been designed to implement all Boolean functions of up to three variables. The purpose of this development was to lend credence to the expectation that logic circuits based on G(sup 4)FETs could be more efficient (in the sense that they could contain fewer transistors), relative to functionally equivalent logic circuits based on conventional transistors. A G(sup 4)FET a combination of a junction field-effect transistor (JFET) and a metal oxide/semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) superimposed in a single silicon island and can therefore be regarded as two transistors sharing the same body. A G(sup 4)FET can also be regarded as a single device having four gates: two side junction-based gates, a top MOS gate, and a back gate activated by biasing of a silicon-on-insulator substrate. Each of these gates can be used to control the conduction characteristics of the transistor; this possibility creates new options for designing analog, radio-frequency, mixed-signal, and digital circuitry. One such option is to design a G(sup 4)FET to function as a three-input NOT-majority gate, which has been shown to be a universal and programmable logic gate. Optimal NOT-majority-gate, G(sup 4)FET-based logic-circuit designs were obtained in a comparative study that also included formulation of functionally equivalent logic circuits based on NOR and NAND gates implemented by use of conventional transistors. In the study, the problem of finding the optimal design for each logic function and each transistor type was solved as an integer-programming optimization problem. Considering all 81 non-equivalent Boolean functions included in the study, it was found that in 63% of the cases, fewer logic gates (and, hence, fewer transistors) would be needed in the G(sup 4)FET-based implementations.

Method for Assessing Impacts of Global Sea Level Rise on Navigation Gate Operations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Obrien, P. S.; White, K. D.; Friedman, D.

2015-12-01

Coastal navigation infrastructure may be highly vulnerable to changing climate, including increasing sea levels and altered frequency and intensity of coastal storms. Future gate operations impacted by global sea level rise will pose unique challenges, especially for structures 50 years and older. Our approach is to estimate future changes in gate operational frequency based on a bootstrapping method to forecast future water levels. A case study will be presented to determine future changes in frequency of operations over the next 100 years. A statistical model in the R programming language was developed to apply future sea level rise projections using the three sea level rise scenarios prescribed by USACE Engineer Regulation ER 1100-2-8162. Information derived from the case study will help forecast changes in operational costs caused by increased gate operations and inform timing of decisions on adaptation measures.

Polarity control in WSe2 double-gate transistors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Resta, Giovanni V.; Sutar, Surajit; Balaji, Yashwanth; Lin, Dennis; Raghavan, Praveen; Radu, Iuliana; Catthoor, Francky; Thean, Aaron; Gaillardon, Pierre-Emmanuel; de Micheli, Giovanni

2016-07-01

As scaling of conventional silicon-based electronics is reaching its ultimate limit, considerable effort has been devoted to find new materials and new device concepts that could ultimately outperform standard silicon transistors. In this perspective two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides, such as MoS2 and WSe2, have recently attracted considerable interest thanks to their electrical properties. Here, we report the first experimental demonstration of a doping-free, polarity-controllable device fabricated on few-layer WSe2. We show how modulation of the Schottky barriers at drain and source by a separate gate, named program gate, can enable the selection of the carriers injected in the channel, and achieved controllable polarity behaviour with ON/OFF current ratios >106 for both electrons and holes conduction. Polarity-controlled WSe2 transistors enable the design of compact logic gates, leading to higher computational densities in 2D-flatronics.

NASA Univision Hispanic Education Campaign

NASA Image and Video Library

2010-02-23

NASA Administrator Charles Bolden, left, speaks with Melinda French Gates, of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, right, prior to the start of an event at the National Press Club in Washington, Tuesday, Feb. 23, 2010. NASA is working with Univision Communications Inc. to develop a partnership in support of the Spanish-language media outlet's initiative to improve high school graduation rates, prepare Hispanic students for college, and encourage them to pursue careers in science, technology, engineering and mathematics, or STEM, disciplines. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

In the Multiagency Operating Environment of the 21st Century, Are Joint Qualified Officers Enough?

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-10-24

field; militaries that lack U.S. capabilities are no less useful if we have leaders educated to find the advantages brought by other countries’ forces...Gates, “Landon Lecture” (lecture, Manhattan: Kansas State University, 26 November 2007). 33 Henrietta Holsman Fore, “Aligning ‘Soft’ Power with ‘Hard...National Strategic Studies. Gates, Robert M. “Langdon Lecture.” Manhattan, KS, 26 November 2007 Holsman Fore, Henrietta . “Aligning ‘Soft’ with ‘Hard

Atomic-layer-deposited Al2O3 and HfO2 on InAlAs: A comparative study of interfacial and electrical characteristics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, Li-Fan; Zhang, Yu-Ming; Lv, Hong-Liang; Zhang, Yi-Men

2016-10-01

Al2O3 and HfO2 thin films are separately deposited on n-type InAlAs epitaxial layers by using atomic layer deposition (ALD). The interfacial properties are revealed by angle-resolved x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (AR-XPS). It is demonstrated that the Al2O3 layer can reduce interfacial oxidation and trap charge formation. The gate leakage current densities are 1.37 × 10-6 A/cm2 and 3.22 × 10-6 A/cm2 at +1 V for the Al2O3/InAlAs and HfO2/InAlAs MOS capacitors respectively. Compared with the HfO2/InAlAs metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitor, the Al2O3/InAlAs MOS capacitor exhibits good electrical properties in reducing gate leakage current, narrowing down the hysteresis loop, shrinking stretch-out of the C-V characteristics, and significantly reducing the oxide trapped charge (Q ot) value and the interface state density (D it). Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2010CB327505), the Advanced Research Foundation of China (Grant No. 914xxx803-051xxx111), the National Defense Advance Research Project, China (Grant No. 513xxxxx306), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51302215), the Scientific Research Program Funded by Shaanxi Provincial Education Department, China (Grant No. 14JK1656), and the Science and Technology Project of Shaanxi Province, China (Grant No. 2016KRM029).

Towards a controlled-phase gate using Rydberg-dressed atoms

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hankin, Aaron; Jau, Yuan-Yu; Biedermann, Grant

2014-05-01

We are implementing a controlled-phase gate based on singly trapped neutral atoms whose coupling is mediated by the dipole-dipole interaction of Rydberg states. An off-resonant laser field dresses ground state cesium atoms in a manner conditional on the Rydberg blockade mechanism, providing the required entangling interaction. We will present our progress toward implementing the controlled-phase gate with an analysis of possible sources of decoherence such as RF radiation from wireless communication devices. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000.

National Program for Inspection of Non-Federal Dams. Singletary Pond Dam (MA 00144), Blackstone River Basin, Millbury, Massachusetts. Phase I Inspection Report.

DTIC Science & Technology

1979-02-01

to a gra- vel access drive. There are two wood-framed gate structures at the crest of the dam. The intake gate house is on the upstream edge of the...Reservoirs. Nov,. 19 *ILI Inspected by L..Q..: aden . .. Date JuI7~ 3.7,12bDamn No.-3- 1.6 Town ...... LLuy... . ... : ......... Location. , ) j ~.. 3lier

HgCdTe Surface and Defect Study Program.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-07-01

RESkSTIVITY. Rm T 10 12 10> 9 i0 1 0 9 I i i i i TI/Au TI AI/Ni Ti/Ni In GATE METAL Figure 8. The Effect of Gate " fetal Type on dc Resistivity of 1500.4...2. J.A. Wilson, V.A. Cotton, J.A. Silkerman, 0. Lacer , W.E. Spicer and P. Morgen, J. Vac. Sci. Tech., Al (1983), 1719. 3. B.K. Janorsek, R.C

NEPP Update of Independent Single Event Upset Field Programmable Gate Array Testing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Berg, Melanie; Label, Kenneth; Campola, Michael; Pellish, Jonathan

2017-01-01

This presentation provides a NASA Electronic Parts and Packaging (NEPP) Program update of independent Single Event Upset (SEU) Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) testing including FPGA test guidelines, Microsemi RTG4 heavy-ion results, Xilinx Kintex-UltraScale heavy-ion results, Xilinx UltraScale+ single event effect (SEE) test plans, development of a new methodology for characterizing SEU system response, and NEPP involvement with FPGA security and trust.

A conversation with the leaders of the Gates Foundation's Global Health Program: Gordon Perkin and William Foege.

PubMed

Perkin, G; Foege, W

2000-07-08

Over the past 3 years, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation has committed more than $1.7 billion to help prevent and eradicate diseases that afflict people living in the world's poorest nations. The gifts have revitalized a number of major global health initiatives that in recent years had lost momentum and helped to refocus the world's attention on the health crises facing many developing nations.

Electron lithography STAR design guidelines. Part 1: The STAR user design manual

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Trotter, J. D.; Newman, W.

1982-01-01

The STAR system developed by NASA enables any user with a logic diagram to design a semicustom digital MOS integrated circuit. The system is comprised of a library of standard logic cells and computer programs to place, route, and display designs implemented with cells from the library. Library cells of the CMOS metal gate and CMOS silicon gate technologies were simulated using SPICE, and the results are shown and compared.

Developing a gate-array capability at a research and development laboratory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Balch, J. W.; Current, K. W.; Magnuson, W. G., Jr.; Pocha, M. D.

1983-03-01

Experiences in developing a gate array capability for low volume applications in a research and development (R and D) laboratory are described. By purchasing unfinished wafers and doing the customization steps in-house. Turnaround time was shortened to as little as one week and the direct costs reduced to as low as $5K per design. Designs generally require fast turnaround (a few weeks to a few months) and very low volumes (1 to 25). Design costs must be kept at a minimum. After reviewing available commercial gate array design and fabrication services, it was determined that objectives would best be met by using existing internal integrated circuit fabrication facilities, the COMPUTERVISION interactive graphics layout system, and extensive computational capabilities. The reasons and the approach taken for; selection for a particular gate array wafer, adapting a particular logic simulation program, and how layout aids were enhanced are discussed. Testing of the customized chips is described. The content, schedule, and results of the internal gate array course recently completed are discussed. Finally, problem areas and near term plans are presented.

Three-input majority logic gate and multiple input logic circuit based on DNA strand displacement.

PubMed

Li, Wei; Yang, Yang; Yan, Hao; Liu, Yan

2013-06-12

In biomolecular programming, the properties of biomolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids are harnessed for computational purposes. The field has gained considerable attention due to the possibility of exploiting the massive parallelism that is inherent in natural systems to solve computational problems. DNA has already been used to build complex molecular circuits, where the basic building blocks are logic gates that produce single outputs from one or more logical inputs. We designed and experimentally realized a three-input majority gate based on DNA strand displacement. One of the key features of a three-input majority gate is that the three inputs have equal priority, and the output will be true if any of the two inputs are true. Our design consists of a central, circular DNA strand with three unique domains between which are identical joint sequences. Before inputs are introduced to the system, each domain and half of each joint is protected by one complementary ssDNA that displays a toehold for subsequent displacement by the corresponding input. With this design the relationship between any two domains is analogous to the relationship between inputs in a majority gate. Displacing two or more of the protection strands will expose at least one complete joint and return a true output; displacing none or only one of the protection strands will not expose a complete joint and will return a false output. Further, we designed and realized a complex five-input logic gate based on the majority gate described here. By controlling two of the five inputs the complex gate can realize every combination of OR and AND gates of the other three inputs.

SU-E-T-294: Dosimetric Analysis of Planning Phase Using Overlap Volume Histogram for Respiratory Gated Radiotherapy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kang, S; Kim, D; Kim, T

2015-06-15

Purpose: End-of-exhale (EOE) phase is generally preferred for gating window because tumor position is more reproducible. However, other gating windows might be more appropriate for dose distribution perspective. In this pilot study, we proposed to utilize overlap volume histogram (OVH) to search optimized gating window and demonstrated its feasibility. Methods: We acquired 4DCT of 10 phases for 3 lung patients (2 with a target at right middle lobe and 1 at right upper lobe). After structures were defined in every phase, the OVH of each OAR was generated to quantify the three dimensional spatial relationship between the PTV and OARsmore » (bronchus, esophagus, heart and cord etc.) at each phase. OVH tells the overlap volume of an OAR according to outward distance from the PTV. Relative overlap volume at 20 mm outward distance from the PTV (ROV-20) was also defined as a metric for measuring overlap volume and obtained. For dose calculation, 3D CRT plans were made for all phases under the same beam angles and objectives (e.g., 95% of the PTV coverage with at least 100% of the prescription dose of 50 Gy). The gating window phase was ranked according to ROV-20, and the relationship between the OVH and dose distribution at each phase was evaluated by comparing the maximum dose, mean dose, and equivalent uniform dose of OAR. Results: OVHs showed noticeable difference from phase to phase, implying it is possible to find optimal phases for gating window. For 2 out of 3 patients (both with a target at RML), maximum dose, mean dose, and EUD increased as ROV-20 increased. Conclusion: It is demonstrated that optimal phases (in dose distribution perspective) for gating window could exist and OVH can be a useful tool for determining such phases without performing dose optimization calculations in all phases. This work was supported by the Radiation Technology R&D program (No. 2013M2A2A7043498) and the Mid-career Researcher Program (2012-007883) through the National Research Foundation (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning (MSIP) of Korea.« less

Teach Me to Write; but Respec' Meh Right: A Critical Exploration of Vernacular Accommodation in Tertiary Education for All in Trinidad and Tobago

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Figuera, Renée; Ferreira, Leiba-Ann

2014-01-01

Since the introduction of the Education for All policy of the Government Assistance for Tuition Expenses (GATE) in Trinidad and Tobago, more tertiary level classrooms have been furnished with mixed linguistic and academic abilities and have accommodated more non-traditional tertiary-level entrants into the educational system. The expansion of the…

High performance photodetectors based on high quality InP nanowires

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, Yan-Kun; Yang, Tie-Feng; Li, Hong-Lai; Qi, Zhao-Yang; Chen, Xin-Liang; Wu, Wen-Qiang; Hu, Xue-Lu; He, Peng-Bin; Jiang, Ying; Hu, Wei; Zhang, Qing-Lin; Zhuang, Xiu-Juan; Zhu, Xiao-Li; Pan, An-Lian

2016-11-01

In this paper, small diameter InP nanowires with high crystal quality were synthesized through a chemical vapor deposition method. Benefitting from the high crystallinity and large specific surface area of InP nanowires, the simply constructed photodetector demonstrates a high responsivity of up to 1170 A·W-1 and an external quantum efficiency of 2.8×105% with a fast rise time of 110 ms and a fall time of 130 ms, even at low bias of 0.1 V. The effect of back-gate voltage on photoresponse of the device was systematically investigated, confirming that the photocurrent dominates over thermionic and tunneling currents in the whole operation. A mechanism based on energy band theory at the junction between metal and semiconductor was proposed to explain the back-gate voltage dependent performance of the photodetectors. These convincing results indicate that fine InP nanowires will have a brilliant future in smart optoelectronics. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51525202, 61574054, 61505051, and 61474040), the Science and Technology Plan of Hunan Province, China (Grant Nos. 2014FJ2001 and 2014TT1004), and the Aid Program for Science and Technology Innovative Research Team in Higher Educational Institutions of Hunan Province, China.

An effective utilization management strategy by dual approach of influencing physician ordering and gate keeping.

PubMed

Elnenaei, Manal O; Campbell, Samuel G; Thoni, Andrea J; Lou, Amy; Crocker, Bryan D; Nassar, Bassam A

2016-02-01

There is increasing recognition of the importance of appropriate laboratory test utilization. We investigate the effect of a multifaceted educational approach that includes physician feedback on individual test ordering, in conjunction with targeted restriction, on the utilization of selected laboratory tests. Scientific evidence was compiled on the usefulness and limitations of tests suspected of being over utilized in our laboratories. A variety of approaches were used to deliver education on each of the targeted tests, with greater focus on primary care physicians (PCPs). Feedback on requesting behavior of these tests was also communicated to the latter group which included an educational component. Laboratory based restriction of testing was also exercised, including the unbundling of our electrolyte panel. PCP requesting patterns for the selected tests were found to be markedly skewed. The interventions implemented over the study period resulted in a substantial 51% reduction in overall ordering of five of the targeted tests equating to an annual marginal cost saving of $60,124. Unbundling of the electrolyte panel resulted in marginal cost savings that equated annually to $42,500 on chloride and $48,000 on total CO2. A multifaceted educational approach combined with feedback on utilization and laboratory driven gate-keeping significantly reduced the number of laboratory tests suspected of being redundant or unjustifiably requested. Laboratory professionals are well positioned to manage demand on laboratory tests by utilizing evidence base in developing specific test ordering directives and gate-keeping rules. Crown Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Effects of Heavy Ion Exposure on Nanocrystal Nonvolatile Memory

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Oldham, Timothy R.; Suhail, Mohammed; Kuhn, Peter; Prinz, Erwin; Kim, Hak; LaBel, Kenneth A.

2004-01-01

We have irradiated engineering samples of Freescale 4M nonvolatile memories with heavy ions. They use Silicon nanocrystals as the storage element, rather than the more common floating gate. The irradiations were performed using the Texas A&M University cyclotron Single Event Effects Test Facility. The chips were tested in the static mode, and in the dynamic read mode, dynamic write (program) mode, and dynamic erase mode. All the errors observed appeared to be due to single, isolated bits, even in the program and erase modes. These errors appeared to be related to the micro-dose mechanism. All the errors corresponded to the loss of electrons from a programmed cell. The underlying physical mechanisms will be discussed in more detail later. There were no errors, which could be attributed to malfunctions of the control circuits. At the highest LET used in the test (85 MeV/mg/sq cm), however, there appeared to be a failure due to gate rupture. Failure analysis is being conducted to confirm this conclusion. There was no unambiguous evidence of latchup under any test conditions. Generally, the results on the nanocrystal technology compare favorably with results on currently available commercial floating gate technology, indicating that the technology is promising for future space applications, both civilian and military.

SU-E-T-651: Quantification of Dosimetric Accuracy of Respiratory Gated Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Thiyagarajan, Rajesh; Vikraman, S; Maragathaveni, S

2015-06-15

Purpose: To quantify the dosimetric accuracy of respiratory gated stereotactic body radiation therapy delivery using dynamic thorax phantom. Methods: Three patients with mobile target (2 lung, 1liver) were chosen. Retrospective 4DCT image sets were acquired for using Varian RPM system. An in-house MATLAB program was designed for MIP, MinIP and AvgIP generation. ITV was contoured on MIP image set for lung patients and on MinIP for liver patient. Dynamic IMRT plans were generated on selected phase bin image set in Eclipse (v10.0) planning system. CIRS dynamic thorax phantom was used to perform the dosimetric quality assurance. Patient breathing pattern filemore » from RPM system was converted to phantom compatible file by an in-house MATLAB program. This respiratory pattern fed to the CIRS dynamic thorax phantom. 4DCT image set was acquired for this phantom using patient breathing pattern. Verification plans were generated using patient gating window and delivered on the phantom. Measurements were carried out using with ion chamber and EBT2 film. Exposed films were analyzed and evaluated in FilmQA software. Results: The stability of gated output in comparison with un-gated output was within 0.5%. The Ion chamber measured and TPS calculated dose compared for all the patients. The difference observed was 0.45%, −0.52% and −0.54 for Patient 1, Patient2 and Patient 3 respectively.Gamma value evaluated from EBT film shows pass rates from 92.41% to 99.93% for 3% dose difference and 3mm distance to agreement criteria. Conclusion: Dosimetric accuracy of respiratory gated SBRT delivery for lung and liver was dosimetrically acceptable. The Ion chamber measured dose was within 0.203±0.5659% of the expected dose. Gamma pass rates were within 96.63±3.84% of the expected dose.« less

Stepping through the Daylight Gate: Compassionate Spaces for Learning in Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Haynes, Joanna; Macleod-Johnstone, Emma

2017-01-01

This paper is concerned with troubling emotions felt or aroused in all aspects of academic practice, including teaching, learning, research and relationships. It discusses the emergent processes of a research group whose multidisciplinary interests coalesce around discomfort, disturbance and difficulty in the processes of higher education. We talk…

Critical Perspectives on Women's Literacy Education in Latin America. Essay Review.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Prins, Esther

2001-01-01

Reviews works on women's literacy education in Latin America by Fink (1992), Purcell-Gates and Waterman (2000), Stromquist (1995, 1997), and van der Westen (1994). Discusses the Latin American context, critical feminist approach to literacy, implementation of Freirean pedagogy, outcomes and benefits, and gaps in the literature. (Contains 17…

Government Support for Open Educational Resources: Policy, Funding, and Strategies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stacey, Paul

2013-01-01

Foundations like Hewlett, Mellon, and Gates provided start-up funding and support that nurtured the field of open educational resources (OER) from infancy to a robust early adolescence characterized by energy and idealism (Casserly & Smith, 2008). However, foundation grants typically focus on establishing exemplars and cannot be relied on for…

Has the Elite Foundation Agenda Spread beyond the Gates? An Organizational Network Analysis of Nonmajor Philanthropic Giving in K-12 Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ferrare, Joseph J.; Reynolds, Katherine

2016-01-01

Previous research focusing on major philanthropic foundations suggests that these actors have collectively converged around a set of jurisdictional challengers promoting market-based education reforms. Using correspondence analysis, network analysis, and geographic information science, this article empirically tests whether this convergence has…

Sand waves at the mouth of San Francisco Bay, California

USGS Publications Warehouse

Gibbons, Helen; Barnard, Patrick L.

2007-01-01

The U.S. Geological Survey; California State University, Monterey Bay; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; and Center for Integrative Coastal Observation, Research and Education partnered to map central San Francisco Bay and its entrance under the Golden Gate Bridge using multibeam echosounders. View eastward, through the Golden Gate into central San Francisco Bay. Depth of sea floor color coded: red (less than 10 m deep) to purple (more than 100 m deep). Land from USGS digital orthophotographs (DOQs) overlaid on USGS digital elevation models (DEMs). Sand waves in this view average 6 m in height and 80 m from crest to crest. Golden Gate Bridge is about 2 km long. Vertical exaggeration is approximately 4x for sea floor, 2x for land.

Single-Event Effect (SEE) Survey of Advanced Reconfigurable Field Programmable Gate Arrays: NASA Electronic Parts and Packaging (NEPP) Program Office of Safety and Mission Assurance

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Allen, Gregory

2011-01-01

The NEPP Reconfigurable Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) task has been charged to evaluate reconfigurable FPGA technologies for use in space. Under this task, the Xilinx single-event-immune, reconfigurable FPGA (SIRF) XQR5VFX130 device was evaluated for SEE. Additionally, the Altera Stratix-IV and SiliconBlue iCE65 were screened for single-event latchup (SEL).

Monolithic GaAs Dual-Gate FET Phase Shifter.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-01-01

r ADAO 6 8 CA LABS PRINCETON NJ F/6 9/5 MNOLC4ITHIC SAAS DUAL-GATE FET PHASE SHIFTER.(U) UNC AN 81 M KUMAR, R HENNA, S N SUBBARAO NOOOI’-79-C-0568...PHASNT NUMBERls) M./Kumar S. N./ Subbarao G. T./Taylor -N 4 C 8 R./Menna H./Huang . 9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT...PROGRESS ........................................................... 1 A. Development of Discrete 3600 Phase Shifter ....................... 2 B . Development

Novel conformal organic antireflective coatings for advanced I-line lithography

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Deshpande, Shreeram V.; Nowak, Kelly A.; Fowler, Shelly; Williams, Paul; Arjona, Mikko

2001-08-01

Flash memory chips are playing a critical role in semiconductor devices due to increased popularity of hand held electronic communication devices such as cell phones and PDAs (personal Digital Assistants). Flash memory offers two primary advantages in semiconductor devices. First, it offers flexibility of in-circuit programming capability to reduce the loss from programming errors and to significantly reduce commercialization time to market for new devices. Second, flash memory has a double density memory capability through stacked gate structures which increases the memory capability and thus saves significantly on chip real estate. However, due to stacked gate structures the requirements for manufacturing of flash memory devices are significantly different from traditional memory devices. Stacked gate structures also offer unique challenges to lithographic patterning materials such as Bottom Anti-Reflective Coating (BARC) compositions used to achieve CD control and to minimize standing wave effect in photolithography. To be applicable in flash memory manufacturing a BARC should form a conformal coating on high topography of stacked gate features as well as provide the normal anti-reflection properties for CD control. In this paper we report on a new highly conformal advanced i-line BARC for use in design and manufacture of flash memory devices. Conformal BARCs being significantly thinner in trenches than the planarizing BARCs offer the advantage of reducing BARC overetch and thus minimizing resist thickness loss.

Development of the compact proton beam therapy system dedicated to spot scanning with real-time tumor-tracking technology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Umezawa, Masumi; Fujimoto, Rintaro; Umekawa, Tooru; Fujii, Yuusuke; Takayanagi, Taisuke; Ebina, Futaro; Aoki, Takamichi; Nagamine, Yoshihiko; Matsuda, Koji; Hiramoto, Kazuo; Matsuura, Taeko; Miyamoto, Naoki; Nihongi, Hideaki; Umegaki, Kikuo; Shirato, Hiroki

2013-04-01

Hokkaido University and Hitachi Ltd. have started joint development of the Gated Spot Scanning Proton Therapy with Real-Time Tumor-Tracking System by integrating real-time tumor tracking technology (RTRT) and the proton therapy system dedicated to discrete spot scanning techniques under the "Funding Program for World-Leading Innovative R&D on Science and Technology (FIRST Program)". In this development, we have designed the synchrotron-based accelerator system by using the advantages of the spot scanning technique in order to realize a more compact and lower cost proton therapy system than the conventional system. In the gated irradiation, we have focused on the issues to maximize irradiation efficiency and minimize the dose errors caused by organ motion. In order to understand the interplay effect between scanning beam delivery and target motion, we conducted a simulation study. The newly designed system consists of the synchrotron, beam transport system, one compact rotating gantry treatment room with robotic couch, and one experimental room for future research. To improve the irradiation efficiency, the new control function which enables multiple gated irradiations per synchrotron cycle has been applied and its efficacy was confirmed by the irradiation time estimation. As for the interplay effect, we confirmed that the selection of a strict gating width and scan direction enables formation of the uniform dose distribution.

Lamont-Doherty's Secondary School Field Research Program: 10 years of field research-based education.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Newton, R.; Vincent, S.; Gribbin, S.; Peteet, D. M.; Sambrotto, R.; Bostick, B. C.; Corbett, E.; Nguyen, K.; Bjornton, J.; Lee, D.; Dubossi, D.; Reyes, N.

2014-12-01

This fall marks the 10th year in which we have run a research-project-based educational program for high school students and science teachers at the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory. This summer's cohort included 31 teenagers, 7 science teachers, and 16 college students, most of whom are returning to the program to help run the research projects. Nearly all of our students attend non-competitive-entry public schools in NYC or the neighborhoods around the Observatory. Over 80% are from under-served minority populations. Most receive Title I/III assistance. About 60% are young women. During the past 10 years, nearly all of our participants have gone on to 4-year colleges. About half are declaring science and engineering majors. Our students receive scholarship support at rates several times higher than their graduating peers, including 5 Gates Millennium scholars over the past 5 years. Our science is centered on studies of a nearby tidal wetland, where we have expanded from fish collections in year one to include everything from sediment core analysis to soil chemistry to nutrient cycles to the local food web. In this presentation we will look back over 10 years of experience and focus on what lessons can be learned about (1) how to engage teams of young investigators in authentic scientific research; (2) what cultural/organizational structures encourage them to make use of place- and project-based learning and (3) what the participants themselves report as the most useful aspects of our programming. The presentation will include video clips from the students' field experiences and from reflective interviews with "graduates".

The accelerated site technology deployment program presents the segmented gate system

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

PATTESON,RAYMOND; MAYNOR,DOUG; CALLAN,CONNIE

2000-02-24

The Department of Energy (DOE) is working to accelerate the acceptance and application of innovative technologies that improve the way the nation manages its environmental remediation problems. The DOE Office of Science and Technology established the Accelerated Site Technology Deployment Program (ASTD) to help accelerate the acceptance and implementation of new and innovative soil and ground water remediation technologies. Coordinated by the Department of Energy's Idaho Office, the ASTD Program reduces many of the classic barriers to the deployment of new technologies by involving government, industry, and regulatory agencies in the assessment, implementation, and validation of innovative technologies. The papermore » uses the example of the Segmented Gate System (SGS) to illustrate how the ASTD program works. The SGS was used to cost effectively separate clean and contaminated soil for four different radionuclides: plutonium, uranium, thorium, and cesium. Based on those results, it has been proposed to use the SGS at seven other DOE sites across the country.« less

Complete all-optical processing polarization-based binary logic gates and optical processors.

PubMed

Zaghloul, Y A; Zaghloul, A R M

2006-10-16

We present a complete all-optical-processing polarization-based binary-logic system, by which any logic gate or processor can be implemented. Following the new polarization-based logic presented in [Opt. Express 14, 7253 (2006)], we develop a new parallel processing technique that allows for the creation of all-optical-processing gates that produce a unique output either logic 1 or 0 only once in a truth table, and those that do not. This representation allows for the implementation of simple unforced OR, AND, XOR, XNOR, inverter, and more importantly NAND and NOR gates that can be used independently to represent any Boolean expression or function. In addition, the concept of a generalized gate is presented which opens the door for reconfigurable optical processors and programmable optical logic gates. Furthermore, the new design is completely compatible with the old one presented in [Opt. Express 14, 7253 (2006)], and with current semiconductor based devices. The gates can be cascaded, where the information is always on the laser beam. The polarization of the beam, and not its intensity, carries the information. The new methodology allows for the creation of multiple-input-multiple-output processors that implement, by itself, any Boolean function, such as specialized or non-specialized microprocessors. Three all-optical architectures are presented: orthoparallel optical logic architecture for all known and unknown binary gates, singlebranch architecture for only XOR and XNOR gates, and the railroad (RR) architecture for polarization optical processors (POP). All the control inputs are applied simultaneously leading to a single time lag which leads to a very-fast and glitch-immune POP. A simple and easy-to-follow step-by-step algorithm is provided for the POP, and design reduction methodologies are briefly discussed. The algorithm lends itself systematically to software programming and computer-assisted design. As examples, designs of all binary gates, multiple-input gates, and sequential and non-sequential Boolean expressions are presented and discussed. The operation of each design is simply understood by a bullet train traveling at the speed of light on a railroad system preconditioned by the crossover states predetermined by the control inputs. The presented designs allow for optical processing of the information eliminating the need to convert it, back and forth, to an electronic signal for processing purposes. All gates with a truth table, including for example Fredkin, Toffoli, testable reversible logic, and threshold logic gates, can be designed and implemented using the railroad architecture. That includes any future gates not known today. Those designs and the quantum gates are not discussed in this paper.

Preventing unintentional injuries to children under 15 years in the outdoors: a systematic review of the effectiveness of educational programs

PubMed Central

Hunt, Harriet; Garside, Ruth; Moxham, Tiffany; Peters, Jaime; Anderson, Rob

2011-01-01

Introduction Unintentional injuries to children in the outdoors have a significant impact on child mortality, development and healthcare costs. This paper presents the findings of a systematic review about the effectiveness of programs that provided information, advice or education about the prevention of unintentional injuries to children under 15 years during outdoor play and leisure. Methods A structured search strategy was conducted in a range of databases. All report titles and abstracts were screened using pre-defined criteria. Included reports were quality appraised using a modified Graphical Appraisal Tool for Epidemiological studies (GATE) tool. All quality appraisals and data extraction were checked by a second reviewer. If not provided in the original reports, ORs and mean differences were calculated, where sufficient data were available. Results Twenty-three studies met the inclusion criteria. There was a paucity of robust study designs. The majority of studies only reported a short-term follow-up of intermediate outcome measures. Only two studies measured injury rates; both reported a reduction, but both studies also had considerable methodological weaknesses. The five studies that measured the use of protective equipment reported mixed results, although there is some evidence that suggests that more extensive educational programs (such as health fairs and media campaigns) increase their use. The 20 studies that measured behaviour, attitude or knowledge outcomes reported highly mixed results. Discussion Methodological weaknesses of the included studies limit support for a particular course of action. To better inform policy and practice, future research should (1) use robust study designs and (2) not rely on short-term proxy outcome measures. PMID:21890579

Electron lithography STAR design guidelines. Part 2: The design of a STAR for space applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Trotter, J. D.; Newman, W.

1982-01-01

The STAR design system developed by NASA enables any user with a logic diagram to design a semicustom digital MOS integrated circuit. The system is comprised of a library of standard logic cells and computr programs to place, route, and display designs implemented with cells from the library. Also described is the development of a radiation-hard array designed for the STAR system. The design is based on the CMOS silicon gate technology developed by SANDIA National Laboratories. The design rules used are given as well as the model parameters developed for the basic array element. Library cells of the CMOS metal gate and CMOS silicon gate technologies were simulated using SPICE, and the results are shown and compared.

Injection Molding Parameters Calculations by Using Visual Basic (VB) Programming

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tony, B. Jain A. R.; Karthikeyen, S.; Alex, B. Jeslin A. R.; Hasan, Z. Jahid Ali

2018-03-01

Now a day’s manufacturing industry plays a vital role in production sectors. To fabricate a component lot of design calculation has to be done. There is a chance of human errors occurs during design calculations. The aim of this project is to create a special module using visual basic (VB) programming to calculate injection molding parameters to avoid human errors. To create an injection mold for a spur gear component the following parameters have to be calculated such as Cooling Capacity, Cooling Channel Diameter, and Cooling Channel Length, Runner Length and Runner Diameter, Gate Diameter and Gate Pressure. To calculate the above injection molding parameters a separate module has been created using Visual Basic (VB) Programming to reduce the human errors. The outcome of the module dimensions is the injection molding components such as mold cavity and core design, ejector plate design.

Multilevel non-volatile data storage utilizing common current hysteresis of networked single walled carbon nanotubes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hwang, Ihn; Wang, Wei; Hwang, Sun Kak; Cho, Sung Hwan; Kim, Kang Lib; Jeong, Beomjin; Huh, June; Park, Cheolmin

2016-05-01

The characteristic source-drain current hysteresis frequently observed in field-effect transistors with networked single walled carbon-nanotube (NSWNT) channels is problematic for the reliable switching and sensing performance of devices. But the two distinct current states of the hysteresis curve at a zero gate voltage can be useful for memory applications. In this work, we demonstrate a novel non-volatile transistor memory with solution-processed NSWNTs which are suitable for multilevel data programming and reading. A polymer passivation layer with a small amount of water employed on the top of the NSWNT channel serves as an efficient gate voltage dependent charge trapping and de-trapping site. A systematic investigation evidences that the water mixed in a polymer passivation solution is critical for reliable non-volatile memory operation. The optimized device is air-stable and temperature-resistive up to 80 °C and exhibits excellent non-volatile memory performance with an on/off current ratio greater than 104, a switching time less than 100 ms, data retention longer than 4000 s, and write/read endurance over 100 cycles. Furthermore, the gate voltage dependent charge injection mediated by water in the passivation layer allowed for multilevel operation of our memory in which 4 distinct current states were programmed repetitively and preserved over a long time period.The characteristic source-drain current hysteresis frequently observed in field-effect transistors with networked single walled carbon-nanotube (NSWNT) channels is problematic for the reliable switching and sensing performance of devices. But the two distinct current states of the hysteresis curve at a zero gate voltage can be useful for memory applications. In this work, we demonstrate a novel non-volatile transistor memory with solution-processed NSWNTs which are suitable for multilevel data programming and reading. A polymer passivation layer with a small amount of water employed on the top of the NSWNT channel serves as an efficient gate voltage dependent charge trapping and de-trapping site. A systematic investigation evidences that the water mixed in a polymer passivation solution is critical for reliable non-volatile memory operation. The optimized device is air-stable and temperature-resistive up to 80 °C and exhibits excellent non-volatile memory performance with an on/off current ratio greater than 104, a switching time less than 100 ms, data retention longer than 4000 s, and write/read endurance over 100 cycles. Furthermore, the gate voltage dependent charge injection mediated by water in the passivation layer allowed for multilevel operation of our memory in which 4 distinct current states were programmed repetitively and preserved over a long time period. Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available. See DOI: 10.1039/c6nr00505e

Safety in Riding Programs: A Director's Guide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kpachavi, Teresa

1996-01-01

Camp riding programs should be examined regularly for liability and risk management issues. Elements of a basic safety assessment include requiring proper safety apparel, removing obstructions from riding rings, ensuring doors and gates are closed, requiring use of lead ropes, securing equine medications, banning smoking, posting written…

Communicator: The Journal of the California Association for the Gifted, 1992.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Communicator, 1992

1992-01-01

This document consists of the five issues of the journal issued during 1992. Articles focus on the following major topics in gifted and talented education (GATE): (1) grouping and tracking; (2) cultural diversity; (3) educational reform and cooperative learning; (4) gifted girls; and (5) young gifted children. Major articles include the following:…

Who Is at the City Gates? A Surreptitious Approach to Curriculum-Making in Art Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rolling, James Haywood, Jr.

2006-01-01

As a classroom teacher of art, the author questions the definitive ends that often accompany progressive enterprises in education. He questions the pressure he has experienced to reduce curricular possibilities and learning outcomes to the space of a single document. He argues that planning a learning outcome is "not" an architectural…

Opening a Side-Gate: Engaging the Excluded in Chilean Higher Education through Test-Blind Admission

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Koljatic, Mladen; Silva, Monica

2013-01-01

The article describes a test-blind admission initiative in a Chilean research university aimed at expanding the inclusion of talented, albeit educationally and socially disadvantaged, students. The outcomes of the test-blind admission cohort were compared with those of students admitted via the regular admission procedure to the same academic…

A Telecommunications Education Needs Assessment Study of Residents in South Central, South East, and South West Los Angeles.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mitchell, Regene L.

This study was intended to identify unmet telecommunications education needs of residents in south central, southeast, and southwest Los Angeles, together with the border communities in the cities of Inglewood and South Gate; identify the level of sophistication of the average consumer regarding the usefulness or need of specific…

"The Mind Has to Catch Up on Sex": Sexual Norms and Sex Education in the Hull House

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fair, Alexandra

2018-01-01

From its beginning in 1885, the Hull House was beacon for social progress and urban reform. Founders Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr recruited talented, passionate partners from diverse fields to address issues from street sanitation to education in Chicago's immigrant communities. Among residents' many projects, their involvement in the…

Filling in the Blanks: How Information Can Affect Choice in Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kelly, Andrew P.; Schneider, Mark

2011-01-01

Spurred on by the Obama administration, and supported by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and the Lumina Foundation, the United States has embarked on a "college completion agenda" to increase the number of American adults with postsecondary degrees. While the push to improve consumer information in the higher education market has gained…

Qubit Manipulations Techniques for Trapped-Ion Quantum Information Processing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gaebler, John; Tan, Ting; Lin, Yiheng; Bowler, Ryan; Jost, John; Meier, Adam; Knill, Emanuel; Leibfried, Dietrich; Wineland, David; Ion Storage Team

2013-05-01

We report recent results on qubit manipulation techniques for trapped-ions towards scalable quantum information processing (QIP). We demonstrate a platform-independent benchmarking protocol for evaluating the performance of Clifford gates, which form a basis for fault-tolerant QIP. We report a demonstration of an entangling gate scheme proposed by Bermudez et al. [Phys. Rev. A. 85, 040302 (2012)] and achieve a fidelity of 0.974(4). This scheme takes advantage of dynamic decoupling which protects the qubit against dephasing errors. It can be applied directly on magnetic-field-insensitive states, and provides a number of simplifications in experimental implementation compared to some other entangling gates with trapped ions. We also report preliminary results on dissipative creation of entanglement with trapped-ions. Creation of an entangled pair does not require discrete logic gates and thus could reduce the level of quantum-coherent control needed for large-scale QIP. Supported by IARPA, ARO contract No. EAO139840, ONR, and the NIST Quantum Information Program.

Titanium-tungsten nanocrystals embedded in a SiO(2)/Al(2)O(3) gate dielectric stack for low-voltage operation in non-volatile memory.

PubMed

Yang, Shiqian; Wang, Qin; Zhang, Manhong; Long, Shibing; Liu, Jing; Liu, Ming

2010-06-18

Titanium-tungsten nanocrystals (NCs) were fabricated by a self-assembly rapid thermal annealing (RTA) process. Well isolated Ti(0.46)W(0.54) NCs were embedded in the gate dielectric stack of SiO(2)/Al(2)O(3). A metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitor was fabricated to investigate its application in a non-volatile memory (NVM) device. It demonstrated a large memory window of 6.2 V in terms of flat-band voltage (V(FB)) shift under a dual-directional sweeping gate voltage of - 10 to 10 V. A 1.1 V V(FB) shift under a low dual-directional sweeping gate voltage of - 4 to 4 V was also observed. The retention characteristic of this MOS capacitor was demonstrated by a 0.5 V memory window after 10(4) s of elapsed time at room temperature. The endurance characteristic was demonstrated by a program/erase cycling test.

Ion/Ioff ratio enhancement and scalability of gate-all-around nanowire negative-capacitance FET with ferroelectric HfO2

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jang, Kyungmin; Saraya, Takuya; Kobayashi, Masaharu; Hiramoto, Toshiro

2017-10-01

We have investigated the energy efficiency and scalability of ferroelectric HfO2 (FE:HfO2)-based negative-capacitance field-effect-transistor (NCFET) with gate-all-around (GAA) nanowire (NW) channel structure. Analytic simulation is conducted to characterize NW-NCFET by varying NW diameter and/or thickness of gate insulator as device structural parameters. Due to the negative-capacitance effect and GAA NW channel structure, NW-NCFET is found to have 5× higher Ion/Ioff ratio than classical NW-MOSFET and 2× higher than double-gate (DG) NCFET, which results in wider design window for high Ion/Ioff ratio. To analyze these obtained results from the viewpoint of the device scalability, we have considered constraints regarding very limited device structural spaces to fit by the gate insulator and NW channel for aggresively scaled gate length (Lg) and/or very tight NW pitch. NW-NCFET still has design point with very thinned gate insulator and/or narrowed NW. Therefore, FE:HfO2-based NW-NCFET is applicable to the aggressively scaled technology node of sub-10 nm Lg and to the very tight NW integration of sub-30 nm NW pitch for beyond 7 nm technology. From 2011 to 2014, he engaged in developing high-speed optical transceiver module as an alternative military service in Republic of Korea. His research interest includes the development of steep slope MOSFETs for high energy-efficient operation and ferroelectric HfO2-based semiconductor devices, and fabrication of nanostructured devices. He joined the IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, in 2010, where he worked on advanced CMOS technologies such as FinFET, nanowire FET, SiGe channel and III-V channel. He was also engaged in launching 14 nm SOI FinFET and RMG technology development. Since 2014, he has been an Associate Professor in Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, where he has been working on ultralow power transistor and memory technology. Dr. Kobayashi is a member of IEEE and the Japan Society of Applied Physics. Dr. Hiramoto is a fellow of Japan Society of Applied Physics and a member of IEEE and IEICE. He served as the General Chair of Silicon Nanoelectronics Workshop in 2003 and the Program Chair in 1997, 1999, and 2001. He was on Committee of IEDM from 2003 to 2009. He was the Program Chair of Symposium on VLSI Technology in 2013 and was the General Chair in 2015. He is the Program Chair of International Conference on Solid-State Devices and Materials (SSDM) in 2016.

Evaluation of effective dose with chest digital tomosynthesis system using Monte Carlo simulation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kim, Dohyeon; Jo, Byungdu; Lee, Youngjin; Park, Su-Jin; Lee, Dong-Hoon; Kim, Hee-Joung

2015-03-01

Chest digital tomosynthesis (CDT) system has recently been introduced and studied. This system offers the potential to be a substantial improvement over conventional chest radiography for the lung nodule detection and reduces the radiation dose with limited angles. PC-based Monte Carlo program (PCXMC) simulation toolkit (STUK, Helsinki, Finland) is widely used to evaluate radiation dose in CDT system. However, this toolkit has two significant limits. Although PCXMC is not possible to describe a model for every individual patient and does not describe the accurate X-ray beam spectrum, Geant4 Application for Tomographic Emission (GATE) simulation describes the various size of phantom for individual patient and proper X-ray spectrum. However, few studies have been conducted to evaluate effective dose in CDT system with the Monte Carlo simulation toolkit using GATE. The purpose of this study was to evaluate effective dose in virtual infant chest phantom of posterior-anterior (PA) view in CDT system using GATE simulation. We obtained the effective dose at different tube angles by applying dose actor function in GATE simulation which was commonly used to obtain the medical radiation dosimetry. The results indicated that GATE simulation was useful to estimate distribution of absorbed dose. Consequently, we obtained the acceptable distribution of effective dose at each projection. These results indicated that GATE simulation can be alternative method of calculating effective dose in CDT applications.

AN EVALUATION OF HEURISTICS FOR THRESHOLD-FUNCTION TEST-SYNTHESIS,

DTIC Science & Technology

Linear programming offers the most attractive procedure for testing and obtaining optimal threshold gate realizations for functions generated in...The design of the experiments may be of general interest to students of automatic problem solving; the results should be of interest in threshold logic and linear programming. (Author)

SU-F-J-30: Application of Intra-Fractional Imaging for Pretreatment CBCT of Breath-Hold Lung SBRT

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cao, D; Jermoumi, M; Mehta, V

2016-06-15

Purpose: Clinical implementation of gated lung SBRT requires tools to verify the accuracy of the target positioning on a daily basis. This is a particular challenge on Elekta linacs where the XVI imaging system does not interface directly to any commercial gating solution. In this study, we used the Elekta’s intra-fractional imaging functionality to perform the pretreatment CBCT verifications and evaluated both the image quality and gating accuracy. Methods: To use intrafraction imaging tools for pretreatment verifications, we planned a 360-degree arc with 1mmx5mm MLC opening. This beam was designed to drive the gantry during the gated CBCT data collection.more » A Catphan phantom was used to evaluate the image quality for the intra-fractional CBCT. A CIRS lung phantom with a 3cm sphereinsert and a moving chest plate were programmed with a simulated breathhold breathing pattern was used to check the gating accuracy. A C-Rad CatalystHD surface mapping system was used to provide the gating signal. Results: The total delivery time of the arc was 90 seconds. The uniformity and low contrast resolution for the intra-fractional CBCT was 1.5% and 3.6%, respectively. The values for the regular CBCT were 1.7% and 2.5%, respectively. The spatial resolution was 7 line-pairs/cm and the 3D spatial integrity was less than 1mm for the intra-fractional CBCT. The gated CBCT clearly demonstrated the accuracy of the gating image acquisition. Conclusion: The intra-fraction CBCT capabilities on an Elekta linac can be used to acquire pre-treatment gated images to verify the accuracy patient positioning. This imaging capability should provide for accurate patient alignments for the delivery of lung SBRT. This research was partially supported by Elekta.« less

Off-line wafer level reliability control: unique measurement method to monitor the lifetime indicator of gate oxide validated within bipolar/CMOS/DMOS technology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gagnard, Xavier; Bonnaud, Olivier

2000-08-01

We have recently published a paper on a new rapid method for the determination of the lifetime of the gate oxide involved in a Bipolar/CMOS/DMOS technology (BCD). Because this previous method was based on a current measurement with gate voltage as a parameter needing several stress voltages, it was applied only by lot sampling. Thus, we tried to find an indicator in order to monitor the gate oxide lifetime during the wafer level parametric test and involving only one measurement of the device on each wafer test cell. Using the Weibull law and Crook model, combined with our recent model, we have developed a new test method needing only one electrical measurement of MOS capacitor to monitor the quality of the gate oxide. Based also on a current measurement, the parameter is the lifetime indicator of the gate oxide. From the analysis of several wafers, we gave evidence of the possibility to detect a low performance wafer, which corresponds to the infantile failure on the Weibull plot. In order to insert this new method in the BCD parametric program, a parametric flowchart was established. This type of measurement is an important challenges, because the actual measurements, breakdown charge, Qbd, and breakdown electric field, Ebd, at parametric level and Ebd and interface states density, Dit during the process cannot guarantee the gate oxide lifetime all along fabrication process. This indicator measurement is the only one, which predicts the lifetime decrease.

Astro Camp Counselors

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2007-01-01

Barbara Marino (left), Stennis Space Center education technology specialist, shows Astro Camp Counselor Beverly Fitzsimmons a LEGO model during a teambuilding exercise May 29 at SSC's North Gate computer lab as a part of the counselors' `new hire' orientation.

Astro Camp Counselors

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-06-08

Barbara Marino (left), Stennis Space Center education technology specialist, shows Astro Camp Counselor Beverly Fitzsimmons a LEGO model during a teambuilding exercise May 29 at SSC's North Gate computer lab as a part of the counselors' `new hire' orientation.

Effort for Education as Campaign Issue Fights for Traction

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Robelen, Erik W.; Klein, Alyson

2007-01-01

This article reports on a campaign, dubbed "ED in '08" and announced last spring, that was billed as an attempt to make K-12 education a top issue in the presidential election. So far, though, most analysts have seen little evidence that the ED in '08 campaign--financed by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the Broad Foundation--is succeeding…

The (Un)Success of American Indian Gates Millennium Scholars within Institutions of Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Youngbull, Natalie Rose

2017-01-01

There remains limited research on the gap between the participation and persistence to graduation rates for American Indian students in higher education. It is pertinent to explore the experiences of these students who did not persist to graduation to be able to gain a better understanding of the factors involved in this gap. The primary purpose…

State Policies Affecting the "Adult Re-Entry Pipeline" in Postsecondary Education: Results of a Fifty-State Inventory

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Boeke, Marianne; Zis, Stacey; Ewell, Peter

2011-01-01

With support from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the National Center for Higher Education Management Systems (NCHEMS) is engaged in a two year project centered on state policies that foster student progression and success in the "adult re-entry pipeline." The adult re-entry pipeline consists of the many alternative pathways to…

Using Common Assignments to Strengthen Teaching and Learning: Research on the Second Year of Implementation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reumann-Moore, Rebecca; Duffy, Mark

2015-01-01

Initiated for the 2013-14 school year, the Common Assignment Study (CAS) is a three-year effort being led by the Colorado Education Initiative (CEI) and The Fund for Transforming Education in Kentucky (The Fund) with support from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Conceptually, CAS builds on previous efforts to improve instruction through…

Tearing Down the Gates: Confronting the Class Divide in American Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sacks, Peter

2009-01-01

When Americans talk about access to a college education, they tend to narrow the acceptable boundaries of the conversation. They ask why the cost of college has gotten so out of control compared to the costs of other goods and services, and they sometimes talk about the closely related subject of financial aid. But very rarely do Americans discuss…

Gate-Keeping and the Ambiguities in the Nature of "Informed Consent" in Confucian Societies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Katyal, Kokila Roy

2011-01-01

Scholars of international and comparative education have long endorsed the importance of context in conducting research. In this paper, I expand upon the theme to argue that just as educational policies and practices may be compromised in the process of transfer, so too may the research methodology used to draw inferences fail to resonate from one…

Learning From Rudolf Steiner: The Relevance of Waldorf Education for Urban Public School Reform

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oberman, Ida

2007-01-01

The author of this paper investigates the relevance of Waldorf education for public urban school reform. Based on analysis of survey data from over 500 graduates of private U.S. Waldorf schools, review of documents from the Gates Foundation, and staff-interview and student-achievement data from four public Waldorf-methods schools, she develops…

WE-EF-303-05: Development and Commissioning of Real-Time Imaging Function for Respiratory-Gated Spot-Scanning Proton Beam Therapy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Miyamoto, N; Takao, S; Matsuura, T

2015-06-15

Purpose: To realize real-time-image gated proton beam therapy (RGPT) for treating mobile tumors. Methods: The rotating gantry of spot scanning proton beam therapy has been designed to equip two x-ray fluoroscopy devices that enable real-time imaging of the internal fiducial markers during respiration. Three-dimensional position of the fiducial marker located near the tumor can be calculated from the fluoroscopic images obtained from orthogonal directions and therapeutic beam is gated only when the fiducial marker is within the predefined gating window. Image acquisition rate can be selected from discrete value ranging from 0.1 Hz to 30 Hz. In order to confirmmore » the effectiveness of RGPT and apply it clinically, clinical commissioning was conducted. Commissioning tests were categorized to main three parts including geometric accuracy, temporal accuracy and dosimetric evaluation. Results: Developed real-time imaging function has been installed and its basic performances have been confirmed. In the evaluation of geometric accuracy, coincidence of three-dimensional treatment room coordinate system and imaging coordinate system was confirmed to be less than 1 mm. Fiducial markers (gold sphere and coil) were able to be tracked in simulated clinical condition using an anthropomorphic chest phantom. In the evaluation of temporal accuracy, latency from image acquisition to gate on/off signal was about 60 msec in typical case. In dosimetric evaluation, treatment beam characteristics including beam irradiation position and dose output were stable in gated irradiation. Homogeneity indices to the mobile target were 0.99 (static), 0.89 (w/o gating, motion is parallel to direction of scan), 0.75 (w/o gating, perpendicular), 0.98 (w/ gating, parallel) and 0.93 (w/ gating, perpendicular). Dose homogeneity to the mobile target can be maintained in RGPT. Conclusion: Real-time imaging function utilizing x-ray fluoroscopy has been developed and commissioned successfully in order to realize RGPT. Funding Support: This research was partially supported by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) through the FIRST Program. Conflict of Interest: Prof. Shirato has research fund from Hitachi Ltd, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd and Shimadzu Corporation.« less

SU-E-T-266: Development of Evaluation System of Optimal Synchrotron Controlling Parameter for Spot Scanning Proton Therapy with Multiple Gate Irradiations in One Operation Cycle

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yamada, T; Fujii, Y; Hitachi Ltd., Hitachi-shi, Ibaraki

2015-06-15

Purpose: We have developed a gated spot scanning proton beam therapy system with real-time tumor-tracking. This system has the ability of multiple-gated irradiation in a single synchrotron operation cycle controlling the wait-time for consecutive gate signals during a flat-top phase so that the decrease in irradiation efficiency induced by irregular variation of gate signal is reduced. Our previous studies have shown that a 200 ms wait-time is appropriate to increase the average irradiation efficiency, but the optimal wait-time can vary patient by patient and day by day. In this research, we have developed an evaluation system of the optimal wait-timemore » in each irradiation based on the log data of the real-time-image gated proton beam therapy (RGPT) system. Methods: The developed system consists of logger for operation of RGPT system and software for evaluation of optimal wait-time. The logger records timing of gate on/off, timing and the dose of delivered beam spots, beam energy and timing of X-ray irradiation. The evaluation software calculates irradiation time in the case of different wait-time by simulating the multiple-gated irradiation operation using several timing information. Actual data preserved in the log data are used for gate on and off time, spot irradiation time, and time moving to the next spot. Design values are used for the acceleration and deceleration times. We applied this system to a patient treated with the RGPT system. Results: The evaluation system found the optimal wait-time of 390 ms that reduced the irradiation time by about 10 %. The irradiation time with actual wait-time used in treatment was reproduced with accuracy of 0.2 ms. Conclusion: For spot scanning proton therapy system with multiple-gated irradiation in one synchrotron operation cycle, an evaluation system of the optimal wait-time in each irradiation based on log data has been developed. Funding Support: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) through the FIRST Program.« less

A Radiation-Tolerant, Low-Power Non-Volatile Memory Based on Silicon Nanocrystal Quantum Dots

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bell, L. D.; Boer, E. A.; Ostraat, M. L.; Brongersma, M. L.; Flagan, R. C.; Atwater, H. A.; deBlauwe, J.; Green, M. L.

2001-01-01

Nanocrystal nonvolatile floating-gate memories are a good candidate for space applications - initial results suggest they are fast, more reliable and consume less power than conventional floating gate memories. In the nanocrystal based NVM device, charge is not stored on a continuous polysilicon layer (so-called floating gate), but instead on a layer of discrete nanocrystals. Charge injection and storage in dense arrays of silicon nanocrystals in SiO2 is a critical aspect of the performance of potential nanocrystal flash memory structures. The ultimate goal for this class of devices is few- or single-electron storage in a small number of nanocrystal elements. In addition, the nanocrystal layer fabrication technique should be simple, 8-inch wafer compatible and well controlled in program/erase threshold voltage swing was seen during 100,000 program and erase cycles. Additional near-term goals for this project include extensive testing for radiation hardness and the development of artificial layered tunnel barrier heterostructures which have the potential for large speed enhancements for read/write of nanocrystal memory elements, compared with conventional flash devices. Additional information is contained in the original extended abstract.

National Dam Inspection Program. Lake Catalpa Dam (NDS-ID Number PA-560), (DER-ID Number 40-57) Susquehanna River Basin, Falls Creek, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania. Phase I Inspection Report,

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-09-01

Ogee spillway crest 1269.5 Sharp crest weir (rigid fish screen) 1271.5 N Upstream invert of spillway 1265.4 Downstream invert of spillway 1260.9 Maximum...Sluice gate Access Valve house upstream Regulating facilities Sluice gate i. Spillway. Type Concrete ogee to sharp crested weir Length 26 feet Ogee... crest elevation 1269.5 Sharp crest weir (rigid fish screen) 1271.5 Upstream channel Lake Downstream channel Reinforced concrete channel for

Department of the Army Justification of Estimates for Fiscal Year 1984, Procurement Appropriations-Construction Program Submitted to Congress January 1983.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-01-01

unloaded through the bottom discharge gates of the railtoad cars, into a portable conveyor , to a front end loader and then to the pile. A bulldozer than...locomotive to move the cars. At the Powerhouse, the coal is unloaded througb the railroad car discharge gates and into a bucket conveyor that carries the...structures by design are semi-permanent, i.e., they can be dismantled andelastalled elsewhere. Protection must be provided for these structures. P# : a

Upsets in Erased Floating Gate Cells With High-Energy Protons

DOE PAGES

Gerardin, S.; Bagatin, M.; Paccagnella, A.; ...

2017-01-01

We discuss upsets in erased floating gate cells, due to large threshold voltage shifts, using statistical distributions collected on a large number of memory cells. The spread in the neutral threshold voltage appears to be too low to quantitatively explain the experimental observations in terms of simple charge loss, at least in SLC devices. The possibility that memories exposed to high energy protons and heavy ions exhibit negative charge transfer between programmed and erased cells is investigated, although the analysis does not provide conclusive support to this hypothesis.

The use of three-parameter rating table lookup programs, RDRAT and PARM3, in hydraulic flow models

USGS Publications Warehouse

Sanders, C.L.

1995-01-01

Subroutines RDRAT and PARM3 enable computer programs such as the BRANCH open-channel unsteady-flow model to route flows through or over combinations of critical-flow sections, culverts, bridges, road- overflow sections, fixed spillways, and(or) dams. The subroutines also obstruct upstream flow to simulate operation of flapper-type tide gates. A multiplier can be applied by date and time to simulate varying numbers of tide gates being open or alternative construction scenarios for multiple culverts. The subroutines use three-parameter (headwater, tailwater, and discharge) rating table lookup methods. These tables may be manually prepared using other programs that do step-backwater computations or compute flow through bridges and culverts or over dams. The subroutine, therefore, precludes the necessity of incorporating considerable hydraulic computational code into the client program, and provides complete flexibility for users of the model for routing flow through almost any affixed structure or combination of structures. The subroutines are written in Fortran 77 language, and have minimal exchange of information with the BRANCH model or other possible client programs. The report documents the interpolation methodology, data input requirements, and software.

McKenzie River Focus Watershed Coordination: Year-End Report 2000.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Thrailkil, Jim

2000-01-01

This report summarizes accomplishments of the McKenzie River Focus Watershed Council (MWC) in the areas of coordination and administration during Fiscal Year 2000. Coordination and administration consist of prioritization and planning for projects; project management and implementation; procurement of funding for long-term support of the Council; and watershed education/outreach program for residents and local schools. Key accomplishments in the area of project planning include coordinating: monthly Council and executive committee meetings; staffing the Upper Willamette Spring Chinook Working Group; staffing the water quality technical committee; and guiding education and stewardship projects. Key accomplishments in the area of project management includemore » the completion of the McKenzie-Willamette Confluence Assessment; securing funds for project planning in the confluence area; near completion of the BPA funded McKenzie sub-basin assessment; development of a framework for a McKenzie Watershed Conservation Strategy; an evaluation of Council's monitoring programs - ambient water quality, storm-event water quality, Tier III water quality, and macroinvertebrate monitoring. The Council, in cooperation with the McKenzie River Cooperative, completed habitat enhancements in the Gate Creek and Deer Creek sub-watersheds. This partnership recently submitted Bring Back the Natives grant for initiation of projects in other McKenzie tributaries. The Council will also be working with a local business to develop a river-side riparian enhancement and native landscaping project on the lodge grounds. This will serve as a demonstration project for blending fish and wildlife habitat concerns with maintaining grounds for business opportunities. Accomplishments in the area of procurement of funding included developing the FY2000 Scope of Work and budget for approval by the Council and BPA; providing quarterly budget and work program progress reports to the Council; and securing additional funding from Council partner organizations and foundations. Highlights in the area of watershed education/outreach include the MWC's lead role in convening the Watershed Education Network for teachers as part of its educational mission; production of newsletters and brochures; and coordination of media coverage of watershed-related issues.« less

Plasmid-derived DNA Strand Displacement Gates for Implementing Chemical Reaction Networks.

PubMed

Chen, Yuan-Jyue; Rao, Sundipta D; Seelig, Georg

2015-11-25

DNA nanotechnology requires large amounts of highly pure DNA as an engineering material. Plasmid DNA could meet this need since it is replicated with high fidelity, is readily amplified through bacterial culture and can be stored indefinitely in the form of bacterial glycerol stocks. However, the double-stranded nature of plasmid DNA has so far hindered its efficient use for construction of DNA nanostructures or devices that typically contain single-stranded or branched domains. In recent work, it was found that nicked double stranded DNA (ndsDNA) strand displacement gates could be sourced from plasmid DNA. The following is a protocol that details how these ndsDNA gates can be efficiently encoded in plasmids and can be derived from the plasmids through a small number of enzymatic processing steps. Also given is a protocol for testing ndsDNA gates using fluorescence kinetics measurements. NdsDNA gates can be used to implement arbitrary chemical reaction networks (CRNs) and thus provide a pathway towards the use of the CRN formalism as a prescriptive molecular programming language. To demonstrate this technology, a multi-step reaction cascade with catalytic kinetics is constructed. Further it is shown that plasmid-derived components perform better than identical components assembled from synthetic DNA.

Performance of a 512 x 512 Gated CMOS Imager with a 250 ps Exposure Time

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Teruya, A T; Moody, J D; Hsing, W W

2012-10-01

We describe the performance of a 512x512 gated CMOS read out integrated circuit (ROIC) with a 250 ps exposure time. A low-skew, H-tree trigger distribution system is used to locally generate individual pixel gates in each 8x8 neighborhood of the ROIC. The temporal width of the gate is voltage controlled and user selectable via a precision potentiometer. The gating implementation was first validated in optical tests of a 64x64 pixel prototype ROIC developed as a proof-of-concept during the early phases of the development program. The layout of the H-Tree addresses each quadrant of the ROIC independently and admits operation ofmore » the ROIC in two modes. If “common mode” triggering is used, the camera provides a single 512x512 image. If independent triggers are used, the camera can provide up to four 256x256 images with a frame separation set by the trigger intervals. The ROIC design includes small (sub-pixel) optical photodiode structures to allow test and characterization of the ROIC using optical sources prior to bump bonding. Reported test results were obtained using short pulse, second harmonic Ti:Sapphire laser systems operating at λ~ 400 nm at sub-ps pulse widths.« less

Design of a Ferroelectric Programmable Logic Gate Array

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

MacLeod, Todd C.; Ho, Fat Duen

2003-01-01

A programmable logic gate array has been designed utilizing ferroelectric field effect transistors. The design has only a small number of gates, but this could be scaled up to a more useful size. Using FFET's in a logic array gives several advantages. First, it allows real-time programmability to the array to give high speed reconfiguration. It also allows the array to be configured nearly an unlimited number of times, unlike a FLASH FPGA. Finally, the Ferroelectric Programmable Logic Gate Array (FPLGA) can be implemented using a smaller number of transistors because of the inherent logic characteristics of an FFET. The device was only designed and modeled using Spice models of the circuit, including the FFET. The actual device was not produced. The design consists of a small array of NAND and NOR logic gates. Other gates could easily be produced. They are linked by FFET's that control the logic flow. Timing and logic tables have been produced showing the array can produce a variety of logic combinations at a real time usable speed. This device could be a prototype for a device that could be put into imbedded systems that need the high speed of hardware implementation of logic and the complexity to need to change the logic algorithm. Because of the non-volatile nature of the FFET, it would also be useful in situations that needed to program a logic array once and use it repeatedly after the power has been shut off.

Extraction of sub-gap density of states via capacitance-voltage measurement for the erasing process in a TFT charge-trapping memory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chiang, Yen-Chang; Hsiao, Yang-Hsuan; Li, Jeng-Ting; Chen, Jen-Sue

2018-02-01

Charge-trapping memories (CTMs) based on zinc tin oxide (ZTO) semiconductor thin-film transistors (TFTs) can be programmed by a positive gate voltage and erased by a negative gate voltage in conjunction with light illumination. To understand the mechanism involved, the sub-gap density of states associated with ionized oxygen vacancies in the ZTO active layer is extracted from optical response capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurements. The corresponding energy states of ionized oxygen vacancies are observed below the conduction band minimum at approximately 0.5-1.0 eV. From a comparison of the fitted oxygen vacancy concentration in the CTM-TFT after the light-bias erasing operation, it is found that the pristine-erased device contains more oxygen vacancies than the program-erased device because the trapped electrons in the programmed device are pulled into the active layer and neutralized by the oxygen vacancies that are present there.

Investigation of the Semicoa SCF9550 and the International Rectifier IRHM57260SE for Single-Event Gate Rapture and Single-Event Burnout : NASA Electronic Parts and Packaging (NEPP) Program Office of Safety and Mission Assurance

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Scheick, Leif

2011-01-01

Single-event-effect test results for hi-rel total-dose-hardened power MOSFETs are presented in this report. TheSCF9550 from Semicoa and the IRHM57260SE from International Rectifier were tested to NASA test condition/standards and requirements.The IRHM57260SE performed much better when compared to previous testing. These initial results confirm that parts from the Temecula line are marginally comparable to the El Segundo line. The SCF9550 from Semicoa was also tested and represents the initial parts offering from this vendor. Both parts experienced single-event gate rupture (SEGR) and single-event burnout (SEB). All of the SEGR was from gate to drain.

Progress towards two double-dot qubits in Si/SiGe: quadruple quantum dots

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Foote, Ryan H.; Ward, Daniel R.; Kim, Dohun; Thorgrimsson, Brandur; Smith, Luke; Savage, D. E.; Lagally, M. G.; Friesen, Mark; Coppersmith, S. N.; Eriksson, M. A.

We present the fabrication and electrical characterization of two types of gate-defined quadruple quantum dot devices formed in Si/SiGe heterostructures. We compare two designs, one which uses three layers of tightly overlapping gates and is similar to the work found in, and one which uses only two layers of gates and has significantly more open space between neighboring gates. We demonstrate charge-state conditional quantum oscillations in the more open device, we compare the tunability of both devices with each other, and we discuss the implications of these measurements on a path towards larger numbers of coupled quantum dot qubits. This work is supported in part by ARO (W911NF-12-1-0607), NSF (DMR-1206915, PHY-1104660), ONR (N00014-15-1-0029) and the Department of Defense. Development and maintenance of the growth facilities used for fabricating samples supported by DOE (DE-FG02-03ER46028). DK acknowledges support from the Korea Institute of Science and Technology Institutional Program (Project No. 2E26681). This research utilized facilities supported by the NSF (DMR-0832760, DMR-1121288).

A simple laser locking system based on a field-programmable gate array.

PubMed

Jørgensen, N B; Birkmose, D; Trelborg, K; Wacker, L; Winter, N; Hilliard, A J; Bason, M G; Arlt, J J

2016-07-01

Frequency stabilization of laser light is crucial in both scientific and industrial applications. Technological developments now allow analog laser stabilization systems to be replaced with digital electronics such as field-programmable gate arrays, which have recently been utilized to develop such locking systems. We have developed a frequency stabilization system based on a field-programmable gate array, with emphasis on hardware simplicity, which offers a user-friendly alternative to commercial and previous home-built solutions. Frequency modulation, lock-in detection, and a proportional-integral-derivative controller are programmed on the field-programmable gate array and only minimal additional components are required to frequency stabilize a laser. The locking system is administered from a host-computer which provides comprehensive, long-distance control through a versatile interface. Various measurements were performed to characterize the system. The linewidth of the locked laser was measured to be 0.7 ± 0.1 MHz with a settling time of 10 ms. The system can thus fully match laser systems currently in use for atom trapping and cooling applications.

A simple laser locking system based on a field-programmable gate array

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jørgensen, N. B.; Birkmose, D.; Trelborg, K.

Frequency stabilization of laser light is crucial in both scientific and industrial applications. Technological developments now allow analog laser stabilization systems to be replaced with digital electronics such as field-programmable gate arrays, which have recently been utilized to develop such locking systems. We have developed a frequency stabilization system based on a field-programmable gate array, with emphasis on hardware simplicity, which offers a user-friendly alternative to commercial and previous home-built solutions. Frequency modulation, lock-in detection, and a proportional-integral-derivative controller are programmed on the field-programmable gate array and only minimal additional components are required to frequency stabilize a laser. The lockingmore » system is administered from a host-computer which provides comprehensive, long-distance control through a versatile interface. Various measurements were performed to characterize the system. The linewidth of the locked laser was measured to be 0.7 ± 0.1 MHz with a settling time of 10 ms. The system can thus fully match laser systems currently in use for atom trapping and cooling applications.« less

Ambipolar nonvolatile memory based on a quantum-dot transistor with a nanoscale floating gate

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Che, Yongli; Zhang, Yating, E-mail: yating@tju.edu.cn; Song, Xiaoxian

2016-07-04

Using only solution processing methods, we developed ambipolar quantum-dot (QD) transistor floating-gate memory (FGM) that uses Au nanoparticles as a floating gate. Because of the bipolarity of the active channel of PbSe QDs, the memory could easily trap holes or electrons in the floating gate by programming/erasing (P/E) operations, which could shift the threshold voltage both up and down. As a result, the memory exhibited good programmable memory characteristics: a large memory window (ΔV{sub th} ∼ 15 V) and a long retention time (>10{sup 5 }s). The magnitude of ΔV{sub th} depended on both P/E voltages and the bias voltage (V{sub DS}): ΔV{sub th}more » was a cubic function to V{sub P/E} and linearly depended on V{sub DS}. Therefore, this FGM based on a QD transistor is a promising alternative to its inorganic counterparts owing to its advantages of bipolarity, high mobility, low cost, and large-area production.« less

Enacting Common Core Instruction: How Intermediate Unit 13 Leveraged Its Position as an Educational Service Agency to Implement and Scale the LDC Initiative

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Research For Action, 2014

2014-01-01

Funded by The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the Literacy Design Collaborative (LDC) and Math Design Collaborative (MDC) offer a set of instructional and formative assessment tools in literacy and math, which were developed to help educators better prepare all students to meet the Common Core State Standards (CCSS) and succeed beyond high…

From Dewey to Gates: A Model to Integrate Psychoeducational Principles in the Selection and Use of Instructional Technology

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Salinas, M. F.

2008-01-01

The purpose of this article is to propose a model to integrate educational mastery principles that emphasize cooperative and learner-centered instruction in higher education with the new advances of instructional technology, and to present a pilot case study to exemplify the model. It is clear that in spite of tremendous efforts by colleges and…

At the Garden Gate: Community Building through Food--Revisiting the Critique of "Food, Folk and Fun" in Multicultural Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Richardson, Troy A.

2011-01-01

This essay takes up a re-evaluation of the ossified view of food events that have circulated in the canonical texts of multicultural education. While agreeing with the critique by progressive multiculturalists against a "touristic" approach to diversity, the author argues that such a conception of food-centered events in schools has obscured how…

Teachers Connect "with" Technology: Online Tools Build New Pathways to Collaboration

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Phillips, Vicki L.; Olson, Lynn

2013-01-01

Teachers, curriculum experts, and other educators work together using online tools developed by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to create high-quality, useful lessons and research-based instructional tools incorporating the Common Core State Standards.

Field Programmable Gate Array Failure Rate Estimation Guidelines for Launch Vehicle Fault Tree Models

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Al Hassan, Mohammad; Novack, Steven D.; Hatfield, Glen S.; Britton, Paul

2017-01-01

Today's launch vehicles complex electronic and avionic systems heavily utilize the Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) integrated circuit (IC). FPGAs are prevalent ICs in communication protocols such as MIL-STD-1553B, and in control signal commands such as in solenoid/servo valves actuations. This paper will demonstrate guidelines to estimate FPGA failure rates for a launch vehicle, the guidelines will account for hardware, firmware, and radiation induced failures. The hardware contribution of the approach accounts for physical failures of the IC, FPGA memory and clock. The firmware portion will provide guidelines on the high level FPGA programming language and ways to account for software/code reliability growth. The radiation portion will provide guidelines on environment susceptibility as well as guidelines on tailoring other launch vehicle programs historical data to a specific launch vehicle.

DNA-programmed dynamic assembly of quantum dots for molecular computation.

PubMed

He, Xuewen; Li, Zhi; Chen, Muzi; Ma, Nan

2014-12-22

Despite the widespread use of quantum dots (QDs) for biosensing and bioimaging, QD-based bio-interfaceable and reconfigurable molecular computing systems have not yet been realized. DNA-programmed dynamic assembly of multi-color QDs is presented for the construction of a new class of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based QD computing systems. A complete set of seven elementary logic gates (OR, AND, NOR, NAND, INH, XOR, XNOR) are realized using a series of binary and ternary QD complexes operated by strand displacement reactions. The integration of different logic gates into a half-adder circuit for molecular computation is also demonstrated. This strategy is quite versatile and straightforward for logical operations and would pave the way for QD-biocomputing-based intelligent molecular diagnostics. © 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

AF Ni-Cd cell qualification program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hall, Steve; Brown, Harry; Collins, G.; Hwang, Warren

1994-01-01

The present status of the USAF NiCd cell qualification program, which is underway at the Naval Surface Warfare Center-Crane Division, is summarized. The following topics are discussed: overview; background; purpose; stress tests; results for super Ni-Cd; results for SAFT cells; GPS stress test; GPS simulated orbit; and results for gates cells. The discussion is presented in viewgraph format.

Southwestern Division 2012 History Report

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-05-01

maintenance to be performed. Examples of additional maintenance included hydraulic piping replacement, motor control center upgrades, miter gates anchorage...in CEBIS. WATER MANAGEMENT PROGRAM 2012 Hydrology , Hydraulics and Water Management Programs 2012: In March 2012, the Corps’ SWD office...hosted the annual “2012 Reservoir Control Center/Hydrology and Hydraulics annual meeting. The meeting was held in Tulsa, Oklahoma at the Tulsa

The Costly College Game: How Will Low-Income Students Attain Degrees when Tuitions Continue to Increase and Customary Sources of Financial Aid Remain Stagnant?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Holsendolph, Ernest

2005-01-01

The strong urgings of family, economists and educators have been heard: Students in record numbers have picked up the challenge of higher education and are headed for college. And leading the march through the college gates have been young men and women sometimes notable by their absence--Black, Hispanic and American Indian, and students from…

Origami mechanologic.

PubMed

Treml, Benjamin; Gillman, Andrew; Buskohl, Philip; Vaia, Richard

2018-06-18

Robots autonomously interact with their environment through a continual sense-decide-respond control loop. Most commonly, the decide step occurs in a central processing unit; however, the stiffness mismatch between rigid electronics and the compliant bodies of soft robots can impede integration of these systems. We develop a framework for programmable mechanical computation embedded into the structure of soft robots that can augment conventional digital electronic control schemes. Using an origami waterbomb as an experimental platform, we demonstrate a 1-bit mechanical storage device that writes, erases, and rewrites itself in response to a time-varying environmental signal. Further, we show that mechanical coupling between connected origami units can be used to program the behavior of a mechanical bit, produce logic gates such as AND, OR, and three input majority gates, and transmit signals between mechanologic gates. Embedded mechanologic provides a route to add autonomy and intelligence in soft robots and machines. Copyright © 2018 the Author(s). Published by PNAS.

DNAzyme-Based Logic Gate-Mediated DNA Self-Assembly.

PubMed

Zhang, Cheng; Yang, Jing; Jiang, Shuoxing; Liu, Yan; Yan, Hao

2016-01-13

Controlling DNA self-assembly processes using rationally designed logic gates is a major goal of DNA-based nanotechnology and programming. Such controls could facilitate the hierarchical engineering of complex nanopatterns responding to various molecular triggers or inputs. Here, we demonstrate the use of a series of DNAzyme-based logic gates to control DNA tile self-assembly onto a prescribed DNA origami frame. Logic systems such as "YES," "OR," "AND," and "logic switch" are implemented based on DNAzyme-mediated tile recognition with the DNA origami frame. DNAzyme is designed to play two roles: (1) as an intermediate messenger to motivate downstream reactions and (2) as a final trigger to report fluorescent signals, enabling information relay between the DNA origami-framed tile assembly and fluorescent signaling. The results of this study demonstrate the plausibility of DNAzyme-mediated hierarchical self-assembly and provide new tools for generating dynamic and responsive self-assembly systems.

Report on the formal specification and partial verification of the VIPER microprocessor

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Brock, Bishop; Hunt, Warren A., Jr.

1991-01-01

The VIPER microprocessor chip is partitioned into four levels of abstractions. At the highest level, VIPER is described with decreasingly abstract sets of functions in LCF-LSM. At the lowest level are the gate-level models in proprietary CAD languages. The block-level and gate-level specifications are also given in the ELLA simulation language. Among VIPER's deficiencies are the fact that there is no notion of external events in the top-level specification, and it is impossible to use the top-level specifications to prove abstract properties of programs running on VIPER computers. There is no complete proof that the gate-level specifications implement the top-level specifications. Cohn's proof that the major-state machine correctly implements the top-level specifications has no formal connection with any of the other proof attempts. None of the latter address resetting the machine, memory timeout, forced error, or single step modes.

Photonic Programmable Tele-Cloning Network.

PubMed

Li, Wei; Chen, Ming-Cheng

2016-06-29

The concept of quantum teleportation allows an unknown quantum states to be broadcasted and processed in a distributed quantum network. The quantum information injected into the network can be diluted to distant multi-copies by quantum cloning and processed by arbitrary quantum logic gates which were programed in advance in the network quantum state. A quantum network combines simultaneously these fundamental quantum functions could lead to new intriguing applications. Here we propose a photonic programmable telecloning network based on a four-photon interferometer. The photonic network serves as quantum gate, quantum cloning and quantum teleportation and features experimental advantage of high brightness by photon recycling.

National Dam Safety Program. Pine Tree Lake East Dam (MO 30992), and Pine Tree Lake West Dam (MO 30995), Mississippi - Kaskaskia - St. Louis Basin, Washington County, Missouri. Phase I Inspection Report.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-09-01

Spillway. Type Trapezoidal, broad - crested , concrete weir Width 6 ft at bottom, 18 ft at top Crest elevation 994.0 ft Gates None Upstream Channel None... crested concrete weir Length of weir 18 f t (top), 6 f t (bottom) Crest elevation 994 ft Gates None Upstream channel None Downstream channel Earth...instability of the embankment was observed at the time of our inspectici. The slopes and crest of the dam have a thick grass cover with scattered brush and

Device Performance and Reliability Improvements of AlGaN/GaN/Si MOSFET Using Defect-Free Gate Recess and Laser Annealing

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-02-15

currently valid OMB control number . PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. 1. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY) 20-04-2015 2. REPORT TYPE...of AlGaN/GaN/Si MOSFET Using Defect-Free Gate Recess and Laser Annealing 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER FA2386-11-1-4077 5b. GRANT NUMBER Grant AOARD...114077 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 61102F 6. AUTHOR(S) Prof. Robert Wallace 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7

Reprogrammable field programmable gate array with integrated system for mitigating effects of single event upsets

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ng, Tak-kwong (Inventor); Herath, Jeffrey A. (Inventor)

2010-01-01

An integrated system mitigates the effects of a single event upset (SEU) on a reprogrammable field programmable gate array (RFPGA). The system includes (i) a RFPGA having an internal configuration memory, and (ii) a memory for storing a configuration associated with the RFPGA. Logic circuitry programmed into the RFPGA and coupled to the memory reloads a portion of the configuration from the memory into the RFPGA's internal configuration memory at predetermined times. Additional SEU mitigation can be provided by logic circuitry on the RFPGA that monitors and maintains synchronized operation of the RFPGA's digital clock managers.

Installation Restoration Program. Phase II. Confirmation/Quantification. Stage 1. Homestead Air Force Base, Florida.

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-03-07

8217 CLS7 PA SPOONER ET AL, 87 MAR Big F/G 12 11111g 1.0 03,2 i 1111111L_ MICROCOP RE ION TEST NATtnNAL HURLAIl )IF SIANDAPFrl £, , , 11 11I% AD-A 171 579...North Gate - ’FPT-?\\ Sal) West Gate ,o > e-.? ! •• ai Bouganville \\>°( ,, FigreES-. ocaio of SiesI etgae CE Storagje Compound SP1 SP-7 - FPTA-3...determine the areal sample and analyze for extent of groundwater target compounds identified contamination. in 1-9 (or for volatile organics using EPA

Update of Aircraft Profile Data for the Integrated Noise Model Computer Program. Volume 1. Final Report

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-03-01

general aviation 53 Cop. Fleet 1985 BUSINESS JET 1i F turbojet & turbofan 55 Gates LEAR 25 CJ610-8 1 E,F 54 Gates LEAR 36 TFE731 -2 3 E,F...Cessna CI1 3 TFE731 -3-1005 3 * E,F 60 Mitsubishi MU300-10 J3I1D-4 3 E,F 58 Canadair CL600 ALFSO2L 3 E, 61 Canadair CL601 CF34-3A 3 E,F 62 Israel A/C ASIRA...1125 TFE731 -3A 3 EF S.. ... .. ... ... .. . .. ... .............. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --I.....- -- --- -- - - -------.-- -- - - -- - 4

Validation of a program for supercritical power plant calculations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kotowicz, Janusz; Łukowicz, Henryk; Bartela, Łukasz; Michalski, Sebastian

2011-12-01

This article describes the validation of a supercritical steam cycle. The cycle model was created with the commercial program GateCycle and validated using in-house code of the Institute of Power Engineering and Turbomachinery. The Institute's in-house code has been used extensively for industrial power plants calculations with good results. In the first step of the validation process, assumptions were made about the live steam temperature and pressure, net power, characteristic quantities for high- and low-pressure regenerative heat exchangers and pressure losses in heat exchangers. These assumptions were then used to develop a steam cycle model in Gate-Cycle and a model based on the code developed in-house at the Institute of Power Engineering and Turbomachinery. Properties, such as thermodynamic parameters at characteristic points of the steam cycle, net power values and efficiencies, heat provided to the steam cycle and heat taken from the steam cycle, were compared. The last step of the analysis was calculation of relative errors of compared values. The method used for relative error calculations is presented in the paper. The assigned relative errors are very slight, generally not exceeding 0.1%. Based on our analysis, it can be concluded that using the GateCycle software for calculations of supercritical power plants is possible.

Influence of multi-deposition multi-annealing on time-dependent dielectric breakdown characteristics of PMOS with high-k/metal gate last process

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Yan-Rong; Yang, Hong; Xu, Hao; Wang, Xiao-Lei; Luo, Wei-Chun; Qi, Lu-Wei; Zhang, Shu-Xiang; Wang, Wen-Wu; Yan, Jiang; Zhu, Hui-Long; Zhao, Chao; Chen, Da-Peng; Ye, Tian-Chun

2015-11-01

A multi-deposition multi-annealing technique (MDMA) is introduced into the process of high-k/metal gate MOSFET for the gate last process to effectively reduce the gate leakage and improve the device’s performance. In this paper, we systematically investigate the electrical parameters and the time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) characteristics of positive channel metal oxide semiconductor (PMOS) under different MDMA process conditions, including the deposition/annealing (D&A) cycles, the D&A time, and the total annealing time. The results show that the increases of the number of D&A cycles (from 1 to 2) and D&A time (from 15 s to 30 s) can contribute to the results that the gate leakage current decreases by about one order of magnitude and that the time to fail (TTF) at 63.2% increases by about several times. However, too many D&A cycles (such as 4 cycles) make the equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) increase by about 1 Å and the TTF of PMOS worsen. Moreover, different D&A times and numbers of D&A cycles induce different breakdown mechanisms. Project supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. SS2015AA010601) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61176091 and 61306129).

Education for Excellence

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Booth, Chester

1977-01-01

Describes projects of the Whitney, Texas, vocational agriculture students, exhibited at the Future Farmers of America Farm Mechanics Project Show (at the Heart o' Texas Fair in Waco) in several categories for livestock equipment, farm machinery, farm and yard conveniences, farm electrical projects, gates, and woodwork. (MF)

An LMS Programming Scheme and Floating-Gate Technology Enabled Trimmer-Less and Low Voltage Flame Detection Sensor.

PubMed

Iglesias-Rojas, Juan Carlos; Gomez-Castañeda, Felipe; Moreno-Cadenas, Jose Antonio

2017-06-14

In this paper, a Least Mean Square (LMS) programming scheme is used to set the offset voltage of two operational amplifiers that were built using floating-gate transistors, enabling a 0.95 V RMS trimmer-less flame detection sensor. The programming scheme is capable of setting the offset voltage over a wide range of values by means of electron injection. The flame detection sensor consists of two programmable offset operational amplifiers; the first amplifier serves as a 26 μV offset voltage follower, whereas the second amplifier acts as a programmable trimmer-less voltage comparator. Both amplifiers form the proposed sensor, whose principle of functionality is based on the detection of the electrical changes produced by the flame ionization. The experimental results show that it is possible to measure the presence of a flame accurately after programming the amplifiers with a maximum of 35 LMS-algorithm iterations. Current commercial flame detectors are mainly used in absorption refrigerators and large industrial gas heaters, where a high voltage AC source and several mechanical trimmings are used in order to accurately measure the presence of the flame.

An LMS Programming Scheme and Floating-Gate Technology Enabled Trimmer-Less and Low Voltage Flame Detection Sensor

PubMed Central

Iglesias-Rojas, Juan Carlos; Gomez-Castañeda, Felipe; Moreno-Cadenas, Jose Antonio

2017-01-01

In this paper, a Least Mean Square (LMS) programming scheme is used to set the offset voltage of two operational amplifiers that were built using floating-gate transistors, enabling a 0.95 VRMS trimmer-less flame detection sensor. The programming scheme is capable of setting the offset voltage over a wide range of values by means of electron injection. The flame detection sensor consists of two programmable offset operational amplifiers; the first amplifier serves as a 26 μV offset voltage follower, whereas the second amplifier acts as a programmable trimmer-less voltage comparator. Both amplifiers form the proposed sensor, whose principle of functionality is based on the detection of the electrical changes produced by the flame ionization. The experimental results show that it is possible to measure the presence of a flame accurately after programming the amplifiers with a maximum of 35 LMS-algorithm iterations. Current commercial flame detectors are mainly used in absorption refrigerators and large industrial gas heaters, where a high voltage AC source and several mechanical trimmings are used in order to accurately measure the presence of the flame. PMID:28613250

A fast and low-power microelectromechanical system-based non-volatile memory device

PubMed Central

Lee, Sang Wook; Park, Seung Joo; Campbell, Eleanor E. B.; Park, Yung Woo

2011-01-01

Several new generation memory devices have been developed to overcome the low performance of conventional silicon-based flash memory. In this study, we demonstrate a novel non-volatile memory design based on the electromechanical motion of a cantilever to provide fast charging and discharging of a floating-gate electrode. The operation is demonstrated by using an electromechanical metal cantilever to charge a floating gate that controls the charge transport through a carbon nanotube field-effect transistor. The set and reset currents are unchanged after more than 11 h constant operation. Over 500 repeated programming and erasing cycles were demonstrated under atmospheric conditions at room temperature without degradation. Multinary bit programming can be achieved by varying the voltage on the cantilever. The operation speed of the device is faster than a conventional flash memory and the power consumption is lower than other memory devices. PMID:21364559

WE-D-17A-03: Improvement of Accuracy of Spot-Scanning Proton Beam Delivery for Liver Tumor by Real-Time Tumor-Monitoring and Gating System: A Simulation Study

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Matsuura, T; Shimizu, S; Miyamoto, N

2014-06-15

Purpose: To improve the accuracy of spot-scanning proton beam delivery for target in motion, a real-time tumor-monitoring and gating system using fluoroscopy images was developed. This study investigates the efficacy of this method for treatment of liver tumors using simulation. Methods: Three-dimensional position of a fiducial marker inserted close to the tumor is calculated in real time and proton beam is gated according to the marker's distance from the planned position (Shirato, 2012). The efficient beam delivery is realized even for the irregular and sporadic motion signals, by employing the multiple-gated irradiations per operation cycle (Umezawa, 2012). For each ofmore » two breath-hold CTs (CTV=14.6cc, 63.1cc), dose distributions were calculated with internal margins corresponding to freebreathing (FB) and real-time gating (RG) with a 2-mm gating window. We applied 8 trajectories of liver tumor recorded during the treatment of RTRT in X-ray therapy and 6 initial timings. Dmax/Dmin in CTV, mean liver dose (MLD), and irradiation time to administer 3 Gy (RBE) dose were estimated assuming rigid motion of targets by using in-house simulation tools and VQA treatment planning system (Hitachi, Ltd., Tokyo). Results: Dmax/Dmin was degraded by less than 5% compared to the prescribed dose with all motion parameters for smaller CTV and less than 7% for larger CTV with one exception. Irradiation time showed only a modest increase if RG was used instead of FB; the average value over motion parameters was 113 (FB) and 138 s (RG) for smaller CTV and 120 (FB) and 207 s (RG) for larger CTV. In RG, it was within 5 min for all but one trajectory. MLD was markedly decreased by 14% and 5–6% for smaller and larger CTVs respectively, if RG was applied. Conclusions: Spot-scanning proton beam was shown to be delivered successfully to liver tumor without much lengthening of treatment time. This research was supported by the Cabinet Office, Government of Japan and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) through the Funding Program for World-Leading Innovative R and D on Science and Technology (FIRST Program), initiated by the Council for Science and Technology Policy (CSTP)« less

On Your Mark

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gibbons, Jim; Templin, Robert, Jr.

2011-01-01

Many have heard calls from national policy experts, the Obama administration, and influential foundations such as the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and Lumina Foundation for Education to increase the number of Americans with postsecondary credentials earned at community colleges by 5 million within 10 years. If community colleges choose to…

Long-Term Audience Impacts of Live Fulldome Planetarium Lectures for Earth Science and Global Change Education

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yu, K. C.; Champlin, D. M.; Goldsworth, D. A.; Raynolds, R. G.; Dechesne, M.

2011-09-01

Digital Earth visualization technologies, from ArcGIS to Google Earth, have allowed for the integration of complex, disparate data sets to produce visually rich and compelling three-dimensional models of sub-surface and surface resource distribution patterns. The rendering of these models allows the public to quickly understand complicated geospatial relationships that would otherwise take much longer to explain using traditional media. At the Denver Museum of Nature & Science (DMNS), we have used such visualization technologies, including real-time virtual reality software running in the immersive digital "fulldome" Gates Planetarium, to impact the community through topical policy presentations. DMNS public lectures have covered regional issues like water resources, as well as global topics such as earthquakes, tsunamis, and resource depletion. The Gates Planetarium allows an audience to have an immersive experience-similar to virtual reality "CAVE" environments found in academia-that would otherwise not be available to the general public. Public lectures in the dome allow audiences of over 100 people to comprehend dynamically changing geospatial datasets in an exciting and engaging fashion. Surveys and interviews show that these talks are effective in heightening visitor interest in the subjects weeks or months after the presentation. Many visitors take additional steps to learn more, while one was so inspired that she actively worked to bring the same programming to her children's school. These preliminary findings suggest that fulldome real-time visualizations can have a substantial long-term impact on an audience's engagement and interest in science topics.

The 30-GHz monolithic receive module

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bauhahn, P.; Geddes, J.; Sokolov, V.; Contolatis, T.

1988-01-01

The fourth year progress is described on a program to develop a 27.5 to 30 GHz GaAs monolithic receive module for spaceborne-communication antenna feed array applications, and to deliver submodules for experimental evaluation. Program goals include an overall receive module noise figure of 5 dB, a 30 dB RF to IF gain with six levels of intermediate gain control, a five bit phase shifter, and a maximum power consumption of 250 mW. Submicron gate length single and dual gate FETs are described and applied in the development of monolithic gain control amplifiers and low noise amplifiers. A two-stage monolithic gain control amplifier based on ion implanted dual gate MESFETs was designed and fabricated. The gain control amplifier has a gain of 12 dB at 29 GHz with a gain control range of over 13 dB. A two-stage monolithic low noise amplifier based on ion implanted MESFETs which provides 7 dB gain with 6.2 dB noise figure at 29 GHz was also developed. An interconnected receive module containing LNA, gain control, and phase shifter submodules was built using the LNA and gain control ICs as well as a monolithic phase shifter developed previously under this program. The design, fabrication, and evaluation of this interconnected receiver is presented. Progress in the development of an RF/IF submodule containing a unique ion implanted diode mixer diode and a broadband balanced mixer monolithic IC with on-chip IF amplifier and the initial design of circuits for the RF portion of a two submodule receiver are also discussed.

InSight/SEIS@Mars Educational program : Sharing the InSight NASA mission and the Seismic Discovery of Mars with a International Network of classes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lognonne, P. H.; Berenguer, J. L.; Sauron, A.; Denton, P.; Carrer, D.; Taber, J.; Bravo, T. K.; Gaboriaud, A.; Houston Jones, J.; Banerdt, W. B.; Martinuzzi, J. M.

2015-12-01

The InSIght mission will deploy in September 2016 a Geophysical Station on Mars, equipped with a suite of geophysical instruments, including 3 axis Very Broad Band Seismometer, 3 axis Short Period Seismometer, 3 axis Flux gate Magnetometer, Heat flow probe, geodetic beacon, infrasound/microbarometer, wind sensors and cameras. As for all NASA missions, Children and teenagers will be associated to the mission in the framework of the K12 InSight program, part of it being associated to the SEIS instrument.The two faces of the InSight/SEIS Education program are directed toward the promotion of Space Technologies and of Space Science.For Space technologies, this has already started with the InSight Elysium Educational project. The goal of the project, supported by CNES and performed by Technical High School near Toulouse, was the fabrication of a full scale mockup of the lander (see more at https://jeunes.cnes.fr/fr/elysium-le-jumeau-terrestre-dinsight ). The mockup was exhibited during the June, 2015 Paris air show. More than 300 students participated to the Elysium project.For Space Science, this will be made with the SEIS@Mars Educational project. Its plan is to transmit the SEIS data to a network of several hundred of middle and high schools worldwide, associated to existing "seismo(graph) at school" programs in the United States (https://www.iris.edu/hq/sis), France (www.edusismo.org) Switzerland (www.seismoatschool.ethz.ch) and United Kingdom (http://www.bgs.ac.uk/schoolseismology/). If the transmission of these data to the SEIS@school network will be automatic after their release by the NASA Planetary Data System, an earlier transmission will be made, especially after mid 2017, but also before through the integration of selected Schools to the project activities: the selected classrooms will perform the same activities as the project scientists. They will have to process rapidly the proprietary data in order to identify MarsQuake(s) and will be allowed to perform Event requests to the lander in order to get the associated high frequencies of these events. These school will therefore be fully associated to the InSight/SEIS discoveries. The SEIS@Mars project will therefore allow the students to perform scientific analysis almost at the same time as the International "professional" seismologists.

GateKeeper: a new hardware architecture for accelerating pre-alignment in DNA short read mapping.

PubMed

Alser, Mohammed; Hassan, Hasan; Xin, Hongyi; Ergin, Oguz; Mutlu, Onur; Alkan, Can

2017-11-01

High throughput DNA sequencing (HTS) technologies generate an excessive number of small DNA segments -called short reads- that cause significant computational burden. To analyze the entire genome, each of the billions of short reads must be mapped to a reference genome based on the similarity between a read and 'candidate' locations in that reference genome. The similarity measurement, called alignment, formulated as an approximate string matching problem, is the computational bottleneck because: (i) it is implemented using quadratic-time dynamic programming algorithms and (ii) the majority of candidate locations in the reference genome do not align with a given read due to high dissimilarity. Calculating the alignment of such incorrect candidate locations consumes an overwhelming majority of a modern read mapper's execution time. Therefore, it is crucial to develop a fast and effective filter that can detect incorrect candidate locations and eliminate them before invoking computationally costly alignment algorithms. We propose GateKeeper, a new hardware accelerator that functions as a pre-alignment step that quickly filters out most incorrect candidate locations. GateKeeper is the first design to accelerate pre-alignment using Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), which can perform pre-alignment much faster than software. When implemented on a single FPGA chip, GateKeeper maintains high accuracy (on average >96%) while providing, on average, 90-fold and 130-fold speedup over the state-of-the-art software pre-alignment techniques, Adjacency Filter and Shifted Hamming Distance (SHD), respectively. The addition of GateKeeper as a pre-alignment step can reduce the verification time of the mrFAST mapper by a factor of 10. https://github.com/BilkentCompGen/GateKeeper. mohammedalser@bilkent.edu.tr or onur.mutlu@inf.ethz.ch or calkan@cs.bilkent.edu.tr. Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online. © The Author (2017). Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com

Joint Strategic Oversight Plan for Afghanistan Reconstruction FY13

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-07-01

programs within its ministries and made progress in deterring corruption by investi­ gating, prosecuting, sanctioning or removing corrupt officials from...within its ministries and made progress in deterring corruption by investigat­ ing, prosecuting, sanctioning or removing corrupt officials from office...of oversight and Lodin’s credibility. • Department of Justice and the Justice Sector Support Program continued their suspension of training the

FPGA Boot Loader and Scrubber

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wade, Randall S.; Jones, Bailey

2009-01-01

A computer program loads configuration code into a Xilinx field-programmable gate array (FPGA), reads back and verifies that code, reloads the code if an error is detected, and monitors the performance of the FPGA for errors in the presence of radiation. The program consists mainly of a set of VHDL files (wherein "VHDL" signifies "VHSIC Hardware Description Language" and "VHSIC" signifies "very-high-speed integrated circuit").

Anomaly Detection and Modeling of Trajectories

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-08-01

policies, either expressed or implied, of the Gates Millennium Scholars Program , or the Office of Naval Research. Report Documentation Page Form... PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) Carnegie...thesis proposes several methods using statistics and machine learning (ML) that provide a deep understanding of trajectory datasets. In particular

How Program Managers Can Use Whistleblowing to Reduce Fraud Within Government Organizations

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-09-01

Gates, Dean Graduate School of Business and Public Policy iv THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK v HOW PROGRAM MANAGERS CAN USE WHISTLEBLOWING TO...16  Figure 4.  Fraud Witnessed within the Government and Private Business (after Harned, 2007...contained, and it continues to spread. The $3.7 trillion statistic above was estimated using data that was actually detected and reported. If every

Cook It Up! A community-based cooking program for at-risk youth: overview of a food literacy intervention.

PubMed

Thomas, Heather Mc; Irwin, Jennifer D

2011-11-15

In Canada, there are limited occasions for youth, and especially at-risk youth, to participate in cooking programs. The paucity of these programs creates an opportunity for youth-focused cooking programs to be developed, implemented, and evaluated with the goal of providing invaluable life skills and food literacy to this potentially vulnerable group. Thus, an 18-month community-based cooking program for at-risk youth was planned and implemented to improve the development and progression of cooking skills and food literacy. This paper provides an overview of the rationale for and implementation of a cooking skills intervention for at-risk youth. The manuscript provides information about the process of planning and implementing the intervention as well as the evaluation plan. Results of the intervention will be presented elsewhere. Objectives of the intervention included the provision of applied food literacy and cooking skills education taught by local chefs and a Registered Dietitian, and augmented with fieldtrips to community farms to foster an appreciation and understanding of food, from 'gate to plate'. Eight at-risk youth (five girls and three boys, mean age = 14.6) completed the intervention as of November 2010. Pre-test cooking skills assessments were completed for all participants and post-test cooking skills assessments were completed for five of eight participants. Post intervention, five of eight participants completed in-depth interviews about their experience. The Cook It Up! program can provide an effective template for other agencies and researchers to utilize for enhancing existing programs or to create new applied cooking programs for relevant vulnerable populations. There is also a continued need for applied research in this area to reverse the erosion of cooking skills in Canadian society.

Cook It Up! A community-based cooking program for at-risk youth: overview of a food literacy intervention

PubMed Central

2011-01-01

Background In Canada, there are limited occasions for youth, and especially at-risk youth, to participate in cooking programs. The paucity of these programs creates an opportunity for youth-focused cooking programs to be developed, implemented, and evaluated with the goal of providing invaluable life skills and food literacy to this potentially vulnerable group. Thus, an 18-month community-based cooking program for at-risk youth was planned and implemented to improve the development and progression of cooking skills and food literacy. Findings This paper provides an overview of the rationale for and implementation of a cooking skills intervention for at-risk youth. The manuscript provides information about the process of planning and implementing the intervention as well as the evaluation plan. Results of the intervention will be presented elsewhere. Objectives of the intervention included the provision of applied food literacy and cooking skills education taught by local chefs and a Registered Dietitian, and augmented with fieldtrips to community farms to foster an appreciation and understanding of food, from 'gate to plate'. Eight at-risk youth (five girls and three boys, mean age = 14.6) completed the intervention as of November 2010. Pre-test cooking skills assessments were completed for all participants and post-test cooking skills assessments were completed for five of eight participants. Post intervention, five of eight participants completed in-depth interviews about their experience. Discussion The Cook It Up! program can provide an effective template for other agencies and researchers to utilize for enhancing existing programs or to create new applied cooking programs for relevant vulnerable populations. There is also a continued need for applied research in this area to reverse the erosion of cooking skills in Canadian society. PMID:22085523

Evaluation of normal lung tissue complication probability in gated and conventional radiotherapy using the 4D XCAT digital phantom.

PubMed

Shahzadeh, Sara; Gholami, Somayeh; Aghamiri, Seyed Mahmood Reza; Mahani, Hojjat; Nabavi, Mansoure; Kalantari, Faraz

2018-06-01

The present study was conducted to investigate normal lung tissue complication probability in gated and conventional radiotherapy (RT) as a function of diaphragm motion, lesion size, and its location using 4D-XCAT digital phantom in a simulation study. Different time series of 3D-CT images were generated using the 4D-XCAT digital phantom. The binary data obtained from this phantom were then converted to the digital imaging and communication in medicine (DICOM) format using an in-house MATLAB-based program to be compatible with our treatment planning system (TPS). The 3D-TPS with superposition computational algorithm was used to generate conventional and gated plans. Treatment plans were generated for 36 different XCAT phantom configurations. These included four diaphragm motions of 20, 25, 30 and 35 mm, three lesion sizes of 3, 4, and 5 cm in diameter and each tumor was placed in four different lung locations (right lower lobe, right upper lobe, left lower lobe and left upper lobe). The complication of normal lung tissue was assessed in terms of mean lung dose (MLD), the lung volume receiving ≥20 Gy (V20), and normal tissue complication probability (NTCP). The results showed that the gated RT yields superior outcomes in terms of normal tissue complication compared to the conventional RT. For all cases, the gated radiation therapy technique reduced the mean dose, V20, and NTCP of lung tissue by up to 5.53 Gy, 13.38%, and 23.89%, respectively. The results of this study showed that the gated RT provides significant advantages in terms of the normal lung tissue complication, compared to the conventional RT, especially for the lesions near the diaphragm. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A Larger Sense of Purpose: Higher Education and Society

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shapiro, Harold T.

2005-01-01

Universities were once largely insular institutions whose purview extended no further than the campus gates. Not anymore. Today's universities have evolved into multifaceted organizations with complex connections to government, business, and the community. This thought-provoking book by Harold Shapiro, former president of both Princeton University…

Teachers Know Best: Teachers' Views on Professional Development

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, 2014

2014-01-01

To gain insights into the roadblocks to implementing effective professional development, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation contracted with the Boston Consulting Group in 2014 to reach more than 1,300 teachers, professional development leaders in district and state education agencies, principals, professional development providers, and…

Photonic Programmable Tele-Cloning Network

PubMed Central

Li, Wei; Chen, Ming-Cheng

2016-01-01

The concept of quantum teleportation allows an unknown quantum states to be broadcasted and processed in a distributed quantum network. The quantum information injected into the network can be diluted to distant multi-copies by quantum cloning and processed by arbitrary quantum logic gates which were programed in advance in the network quantum state. A quantum network combines simultaneously these fundamental quantum functions could lead to new intriguing applications. Here we propose a photonic programmable telecloning network based on a four-photon interferometer. The photonic network serves as quantum gate, quantum cloning and quantum teleportation and features experimental advantage of high brightness by photon recycling. PMID:27353838

Endurance degradation and lifetime model of p-channel floating gate flash memory device with 2T structure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wei, Jiaxing; Liu, Siyang; Liu, Xiaoqiang; Sun, Weifeng; Liu, Yuwei; Liu, Xiaohong; Hou, Bo

2017-08-01

The endurance degradation mechanisms of p-channel floating gate flash memory device with two-transistor (2T) structure are investigated in detail in this work. With the help of charge pumping (CP) measurements and Sentaurus TCAD simulations, the damages in the drain overlap region along the tunnel oxide interface caused by band-to-band (BTB) tunneling programming and the damages in the channel region resulted from Fowler-Nordheim (FN) tunneling erasure are verified respectively. Furthermore, the lifetime model of endurance characteristic is extracted, which can extrapolate the endurance degradation tendency and predict the lifetime of the device.

VoIPNET: A Software Based Communications Tool for Low-Bandwidth Networks

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-06-01

Plan Suplemental Tools. <http://www.dir.state.tx.us/pubs/framework/gate2/riskplan/ Deitel , H.M. and Deitel , P.J. Java: How To Program . 5th...Up. 3rd Edition. California: McGraw-Hill, 2003. Deitel , H.M. and Deitel , P.J. C++: How to Program . 5th Edition. New Jersey: Prentice Hall...users. It is possible for a single user to consume all available bandwidth. Hop limits are programmed during EPLRS 8 network planning. CSMA

United States Air Force Summer Faculty Research Program. Program Technical Report. 1990. Volume 3

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-06-05

flowchart of the progran "NCHIPSIM" is shown o. the following two pages. 95-7 SSTAR ’ ’.Choose-Chip type; Microprocessor or Gate,-Array Choose...oeet ~alulaew ntegrionRsut YEYES FLOW CHART FOR NCHIPSIM" 95-9 IV. THE PROGRAM "NCHIPSIM": Using the flowchart and the steps outlined in the above...would make the technique more versatile in flaw detection in metallic materials. 113-16 REFERENCES 1. RUDLIN, J.R., "A Beginners Guide to-Eddy Current

Fault-Tree Compiler Program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Butler, Ricky W.; Martensen, Anna L.

1992-01-01

FTC, Fault-Tree Compiler program, is reliability-analysis software tool used to calculate probability of top event of fault tree. Five different types of gates allowed in fault tree: AND, OR, EXCLUSIVE OR, INVERT, and M OF N. High-level input language of FTC easy to understand and use. Program supports hierarchical fault-tree-definition feature simplifying process of description of tree and reduces execution time. Solution technique implemented in FORTRAN, and user interface in Pascal. Written to run on DEC VAX computer operating under VMS operating system.

Canadian Vehicle Protection Program (EO considerations)

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-10-09

HFI); EO and Acoustic Sensing. – Situational Awareness Technologies Evaluation (SITUATE). – Urban Gated Laser Retro -reflection Scanner (UGLARES...llery Rockets Terminal Defeat of VSRBM 1 Destroy Soft Destroy Soft UAVs Destroy In-Flight Artillery Shells UAVs at at Long Range Short Range

Act Now or Risk HIV Rebounding.

PubMed

Kresge, Kristen Jill

Long-time pharmaceutical company veteran Emilio Emini took over the reins of the HIV program at the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation over a year ago. Here, he describes the Foundation's efforts to combat HIV and why this task is more important than ever.

Creating Student Engagement Through Immersion: Exploring the MT6 Shipwreck in Puget Sound via Submersible, Using a Team Challenge Format

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sarason, C. P.; Hartzler, R.; Anderson, A.

2016-02-01

Educational literature has many stories describing the "aha" moment that teachers are privileged to observe: a student who suddenly grasps a concept (ding!), dives into an activity (whee!) or works tirelessly to complete a complicated project (wow!). Designing moments like these for students can be one of the great joys of teaching. Experiencing such a moment can have a lasting impact on student engagement and motivation, and is the underlying rationale for the importance of creating a wide array of outreach efforts, from field work to telepresence activities.During the spring of 2015, OceanGate Foundation and Seattle Central College partnered on a pilot program to design a program that had this kind of impact and created the Open The Oceans Challenge. Student teams responded to our Request for Proposal (RFP), which was centered around the exploration of a shipwreck in 150 meters of water just off the Seattle waterfront, the MT-6. Students spent a significant amount of time crafting their proposals and reported that they enjoyed the process of writing the proposal as a team. The two winning teams accompanied us on a series of submersible dives performed by OceanGate, Inc. and worked up the results afterward. In addition to researching the MT-6 wreck and documenting what they found, students were able to do basic observational research on the wreck, providing sonar and photographic data that will help form the basis of future expeditions to this site.We report on lessons learned from this pilot — the impact for the small set of students involved in this project was profound, but how can we expand the reach of such activities? Results from this experience suggest that providing a highly engaging topic and expedition may not be enough to inspire an "aha" moment that creates lasting engagement; the scaffolding and mentorship that surrounds a rich experience is also critical.

"Gates of Change"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kilman, Carrie

2007-01-01

In September 1957, nine brave Black students crossed a line of armed soldiers to integrate Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas, in the first major test of school desegregation after "Brown v. Board of Education" toppled the notion of "separate but equal." Though this is still an operating high school, on most days…

Western Policy Exchanges

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education, 2009

2009-01-01

In December 2008, with funding from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and in partnership with the Data Quality Campaign, the Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education (WICHE) hosted a meeting of the West's key leaders in building state-wide integrated longitudinal data systems. Such data systems are essential to developing a better…

Beyond the Schoolhouse Gate. Free Speech and the Inculcation of Values.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lane, Robert Wheeler

The extent to which public school students deserve First Amendment rights and the values and interests regarding public schooling that should limit student free speech are explored. Eight chapters are entitled: "Pursuing Excellence and Order"; "The Emergence of Children's Rights"; "Free Speech and Public Education";…

The Supervision and Career Advancement of Women in Community College Administration

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Donohue-Mendoza, Michelle

2012-01-01

This study explores the specific issue of supervision as an important administrative gate keeping function that facilitates or impedes women's career advancement, and promotes gender equity at the executive leadership level in community colleges. The very nature of supervision mirrors the historical purpose of higher education, employee learning…

Gates, Pearson Partner on Common Core

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gewertz, Catherine

2011-01-01

As states and school districts grapple with how to teach the skills outlined in the new common standards, two foundations have announced a partnership aimed at crafting complete, online curricula for those standards in mathematics and English/language arts that span nearly every year of a child's precollegiate education. The announcement last…

Sexual Orientation and Outcomes in College

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Carpenter, Christopher S.

2009-01-01

It has been well documented that sexual minority individuals are significantly more likely to be college educated than heterosexual individuals [Black, D., Gates, G., Sanders, S., & Taylor, L. (2000). Demographics of the gay and lesbian population in the United States: Evidence from available systematic data sources. "Demography," 37(2), 139-154;…

Doing School Choice Right: Preliminary Findings

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Harvey, James; Hill, Paul T.

2006-01-01

The Center on Reinventing Public Education (CRPE) has launched a new initiative entitled "Doing School Choice Right." Funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates, Annie E. Casey, and Lynde and Harry Bradley Foundations, the initiative's goal is to help state and local leaders handle practical issues whose resolution can determine whether school…

"We Always Want to Get Better": Teachers' Voices on Professional Development

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Parise, Leigh M.; Finkelstein, Carla; Alterman, Emma

2015-01-01

Through the Innovative Professional Development (iPD) Challenge, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation has invested in helping school districts and networks redesign their professional development systems to serve educators better and improve student performance. MDRC's evaluation of the iPD Challenge involves case studies and multiple rounds of…

Modeling of I-V characteristics in a 3-channel SFFT with nanobridges by gate current signals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yu, Byunggyu; Kim, Young-Pil; Ko, Seok-Cheol

2018-04-01

A superconducting flux flow transistor (SFFT) with three channels and nanobridges was successfully fabricated by electron beam (e-beam) lithography and an Ar ion milling technique. The SFFT is composed of three weak links with a nearby gate current line. We explain the process to obtain the equation for the current-voltage characteristics and describe the method to induce external and internal magnetic fields by Biot-Savart's law. The equation can be used to predict the current-voltage curves for the 3-channel SFFT fabricated using e-beam lithography. I-V characteristics were simulated to analyze the SFFT with three channels and nanobridges by a Matlab program. From the I-V characteristics equation of the 3-channel SFFT, the drain currents and the output voltages as the gate current is applied are graphically compared with the measured value and the simulation value. The simulated I-V curves were in good agreement with the measured curves of the 3-channel SFFT with nanobridges.

Development of a 1000V, 200A, low-loss, fast-switching, gate-assisted turn-off thyristor

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schlegel, E. S.; Lowry, L. R.; Moore, D. L.

1977-01-01

The results of a program to develop a fast high power thyristor that can operate in switching circuits at frequencies of 10 to 20 kHz with very low power loss are given. Feasibility was demonstrated for a thyristor that blocks 1000V forward and reverse, conducts 200A, turns on in little more than 2 more microseconds with only 2A of gate drive, turns off in 3 microseconds with 2A of gate assist current and has an energy dissipation of only 12 mJ per pulse for a 20 microsecond half sine wave 200A pulse. Data were generated that clearly showed the tradeoffs that can be made between the turn off time and forward drop. The understanding of this relationship is necessary in the selection of deliverable thyristors with turn off times up to 7 microseconds to give improved efficiency in a series resonant dc to dc inverter application.

Monolithic GaAs dual-gate FET phase shifter

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kumar, M.; Subbarao, S. N.; Menna, R.

1981-09-01

The objective of this program is to develop a monolithic GaAs dual-gate FET phase shifter, operating over the 4- to 8-GHz frequency band and capable of a continuously programmable phase shift from 0 deg through N times 360 deg where N is an integer. The phase shift is to be controllable to within +3 deg. This phase shifter will be capable of delivering an output power up to 0 dBm with an input and output VSWR of less than 1.5:1. Progress 1: The photomask of a 0 to 90 deg monolithic GaAs dual-gate FET phase shifter has been procured, and we are in the process of fabricating the phase shifter. 2: We have designed and fabricated a 50 ohm, 4-line interdigitated coupler. Also, we have designed and fabricated a 25-ohm, 6-line interdigitated coupler. The performance of both couplers agrees quite well with the theoretical results. Technical Problems: there was no major problem during this period.

Dependence of Grain Size on the Performance of a Polysilicon Channel TFT for 3D NAND Flash Memory.

PubMed

Kim, Seung-Yoon; Park, Jong Kyung; Hwang, Wan Sik; Lee, Seung-Jun; Lee, Ki-Hong; Pyi, Seung Ho; Cho, Byung Jin

2016-05-01

We investigated the dependence of grain size on the performance of a polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) channel TFT for application to 3D NAND Flash memory devices. It has been found that the device performance and memory characteristics are strongly affected by the grain size of the poly-Si channel. Higher on-state current, faster program speed, and poor endurance/reliability properties are observed when the poly-Si grain size is large. These are mainly attributed to the different local electric field induced by an oxide valley at the interface between the poly-Si channel and the gate oxide. In addition, the trap density at the gate oxide interface was successfully measured using a charge pumping method by the separation between the gate oxide interface traps and traps at the grain boundaries in the poly-Si channel. The poly-Si channel with larger grain size has lower interface trap density.

Trapped atomic ions for quantum-limited metrology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wineland, David

2017-04-01

Laser-beam-manipulated trapped ions are a candidate for large-scale quantum information processing and quantum simulation but the basic techniques used can also be applied to quantum-limited metrology and sensing. Some examples being explored at NIST are: 1) As charged harmonic oscillators, trapped ions can be used to sense electric fields; this can be used to characterize the electrode-surface-based noisy electric fields that compromise logic-gate fidelities and may eventually be used as a tool in surface science. 2) Since typical qubit logic gates depend on state-dependent forces, we can adapt the gate dynamics to sensitively detect additional forces. 3) We can use extensions of Bell inequality measurements to further restrict the degree of local realism possessed by Bell states. 4) We also briefly describe experiments for creation of Bell states using Hilbert space engineering. This work is a joint effort including the Ion-Storage group, the Quantum processing group, and the Computing and Communications Theory group at NIST, Boulder. Supported by IARPA, ONR, and the NIST Quantum Information Program.

Organic electrical double layer transistors gated with ionic liquids

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xie, Wei; Frisbie, C. Daniel

2011-03-01

Transport in organic semiconductors gated with several types of ionic liquids has been systematically studied at charge densities larger than 1013 cm-2 . We observe a pronounced maximum in channel conductance for both p-type and n-type organic single crystals which is attributed to carrier localization at the semiconductor-electrolyte interface. Carrier mobility, as well as charge density and dielectric capacitance are determined through displacement current measurement and capacitance-voltage measurement. By using a larger-sized and spherical anion, tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate (FAP), effective carrier mobility in rubrene can be enhanced substantially up to 3.2 cm2 V-1 s -1 . Efforts have been made to maximize the charge density in rubrene single crystals, and at low temperature when higher gate bias can be applied, charge density can more than double the amount of that at room temperature, reaching 8*1013 cm-2 holes (0.4 holes per rubrene molecule). NSF MRSEC program at the University of Minnesota.

Design Language for Digital Systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shiva, S. G.

1985-01-01

Digital Systems Design Language (DDL) is convenient hardware description language for developing and testing digital designs and for inputting design details into design automation system. Describes digital systems at gate, register transfer, and combinational block levels. DDL-based programs written in FORTRAN IV for batch execution.

Counter-Attrition Programs in the United States Armed Forces

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-07-01

the average pretest - posttest improvement of ART students on the Gates-MacGinitie Reading Test was 2.5 RGL. No comparison control group change scores...retraining programs, elaborate quasi - experimentation could be readily built Into the existing operational system. Every major installation has one or more...research on teach-n. Chicago: Rand McNally, 1963, pp. 171-246. Reprinted as Experimental and quasi - experimental designs for research. Chicago: Rand

Field-Programmable Gate Array Computer in Structural Analysis: An Initial Exploration

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Singleterry, Robert C., Jr.; Sobieszczanski-Sobieski, Jaroslaw; Brown, Samuel

2002-01-01

This paper reports on an initial assessment of using a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) computational device as a new tool for solving structural mechanics problems. A FPGA is an assemblage of binary gates arranged in logical blocks that are interconnected via software in a manner dependent on the algorithm being implemented and can be reprogrammed thousands of times per second. In effect, this creates a computer specialized for the problem that automatically exploits all the potential for parallel computing intrinsic in an algorithm. This inherent parallelism is the most important feature of the FPGA computational environment. It is therefore important that if a problem offers a choice of different solution algorithms, an algorithm of a higher degree of inherent parallelism should be selected. It is found that in structural analysis, an 'analog computer' style of programming, which solves problems by direct simulation of the terms in the governing differential equations, yields a more favorable solution algorithm than current solution methods. This style of programming is facilitated by a 'drag-and-drop' graphic programming language that is supplied with the particular type of FPGA computer reported in this paper. Simple examples in structural dynamics and statics illustrate the solution approach used. The FPGA system also allows linear scalability in computing capability. As the problem grows, the number of FPGA chips can be increased with no loss of computing efficiency due to data flow or algorithmic latency that occurs when a single problem is distributed among many conventional processors that operate in parallel. This initial assessment finds the FPGA hardware and software to be in their infancy in regard to the user conveniences; however, they have enormous potential for shrinking the elapsed time of structural analysis solutions if programmed with algorithms that exhibit inherent parallelism and linear scalability. This potential warrants further development of FPGA-tailored algorithms for structural analysis.

Ka-band Ga-As FET noise receiver/device development

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schellenberg, J. M.; Feng, M.; Hackett, L. H.; Watkins, E. T.; Yamasaki, H.

1982-01-01

The development of technology for a 30 GHz low noise receiver utilizing GaAs FET devices exclusively is discussed. This program required single and dual-gate FET devices, low noise FET amplifiers, dual-gate FET mixers, and FET oscillators operating at Ka-band frequencies. A 0.25 micrometer gate FET device, developed with a minimum noise figure of 3.3 dB at 29 GHz and an associated gain of 7.4 dB, was used to fabricate a 3-stage amplifier with a minimum noise figure and associated gain of 4.4 dB and 17 dB, respectively. The 1-dB gain bandwidth of this amplifier extended from below 26.5 GHz to 30.5 GHz. A dual-gate mixer with a 2 dB conversion loss and a minimum noise figure of 10 dB at 29 GHz as well as a dielectric resonator stabilized FET oscillator at 25 GHz for the receiver L0. From these components, a hybrid microwave integrated circuit receiver was constructed which demonstrates a minimum single-side band noise figure of 4.6 dB at 29 GHz with a conversion gain of 17 dB. The output power at the 1-dB gain compression point was -5 dBm.

Electron shuttling in phosphorus donor qubit systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jacobson, N. Tobias; Gamble, John King; Nielsen, Erik; Muller, Richard P.; Witzel, Wayne M.; Montano, Ines; Carroll, Malcolm S.

2014-03-01

Phosphorus donors in silicon are a promising qubit architecture, due in large part to their long nuclear coherence times and the recent development of atomically precise fabrication methods. Here, we investigate issues related to implementing qubits with phosphorus donors in silicon, employing an effective mass theory that non-phenomenologically takes into account inter-valley coupling. We estimate the significant sources of decoherence and control errors in this system to compute the fidelity of primitive gates and gate timescales. We include the effects of valley repopulation during the process of shuttling an electron between a donor and nearby interface or between neighboring donors, evaluating the control requirements for ensuring adiabaticity with respect to the valley sector. This work was supported in part by the LDRD program at Sandia National Labs, a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corp, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corp, for the U.S. DOE NNSA under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000.

Two-dimensional molybdenum disulphide nanosheet-covered metal nanoparticle array as a floating gate in multi-functional flash memories

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Han, Su-Ting; Zhou, Ye; Chen, Bo; Zhou, Li; Yan, Yan; Zhang, Hua; Roy, V. A. L.

2015-10-01

Semiconducting two-dimensional materials appear to be excellent candidates for non-volatile memory applications. However, the limited controllability of charge trapping behaviors and the lack of multi-bit storage studies in two-dimensional based memory devices require further improvement for realistic applications. Here, we report a flash memory consisting of metal NPs-molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) as a floating gate by introducing a metal nanoparticle (NP) (Ag, Au, Pt) monolayer underneath the MoS2 nanosheets. Controlled charge trapping and long data retention have been achieved in a metal (Ag, Au, Pt) NPs-MoS2 floating gate flash memory. This controlled charge trapping is hypothesized to be attributed to band bending and a built-in electric field ξbi between the interface of the metal NPs and MoS2. The metal NPs-MoS2 floating gate flash memories were further proven to be multi-bit memory storage devices possessing a 3-bit storage capability and a good retention capability up to 104 s. We anticipate that these findings would provide scientific insight for the development of novel memory devices utilizing an atomically thin two-dimensional lattice structure.Semiconducting two-dimensional materials appear to be excellent candidates for non-volatile memory applications. However, the limited controllability of charge trapping behaviors and the lack of multi-bit storage studies in two-dimensional based memory devices require further improvement for realistic applications. Here, we report a flash memory consisting of metal NPs-molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) as a floating gate by introducing a metal nanoparticle (NP) (Ag, Au, Pt) monolayer underneath the MoS2 nanosheets. Controlled charge trapping and long data retention have been achieved in a metal (Ag, Au, Pt) NPs-MoS2 floating gate flash memory. This controlled charge trapping is hypothesized to be attributed to band bending and a built-in electric field ξbi between the interface of the metal NPs and MoS2. The metal NPs-MoS2 floating gate flash memories were further proven to be multi-bit memory storage devices possessing a 3-bit storage capability and a good retention capability up to 104 s. We anticipate that these findings would provide scientific insight for the development of novel memory devices utilizing an atomically thin two-dimensional lattice structure. Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) spectra of the metal NPs, SEM image of MoS2 on Au NPs, erasing operations of the metal NPs-MoS2 memory device, transfer characteristics of the standard FET devices and Ag NP devices under programming operation, tapping-mode AFM height image of the fabricated MoS2 film for pristine MoS2 flash memory, gate signals used for programming the Au NPs-MoS2 and Pt NPs-MoS2 flash memories, and data levels recorded for 100 sequential cycles. See DOI: 10.1039/c5nr05054e

Resource quality of a symmetry-protected topologically ordered phase for quantum computation.

PubMed

Miller, Jacob; Miyake, Akimasa

2015-03-27

We investigate entanglement naturally present in the 1D topologically ordered phase protected with the on-site symmetry group of an octahedron as a potential resource for teleportation-based quantum computation. We show that, as long as certain characteristic lengths are finite, all its ground states have the capability to implement any unit-fidelity one-qubit gate operation asymptotically as a key computational building block. This feature is intrinsic to the entire phase, in that perfect gate fidelity coincides with perfect string order parameters under a state-insensitive renormalization procedure. Our approach may pave the way toward a novel program to classify quantum many-body systems based on their operational use for quantum information processing.

Resource Quality of a Symmetry-Protected Topologically Ordered Phase for Quantum Computation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Miller, Jacob; Miyake, Akimasa

2015-03-01

We investigate entanglement naturally present in the 1D topologically ordered phase protected with the on-site symmetry group of an octahedron as a potential resource for teleportation-based quantum computation. We show that, as long as certain characteristic lengths are finite, all its ground states have the capability to implement any unit-fidelity one-qubit gate operation asymptotically as a key computational building block. This feature is intrinsic to the entire phase, in that perfect gate fidelity coincides with perfect string order parameters under a state-insensitive renormalization procedure. Our approach may pave the way toward a novel program to classify quantum many-body systems based on their operational use for quantum information processing.

Nonvolatile floating gate organic memory device based on pentacene/CdSe quantum dot heterojuction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shin, Ik-Soo; Kim, Jung-Min; Jeun, Jun-Ho; Yoo, Seok-Hyun; Ge, Ziyi; Hong, Jong-In; Ho Bang, Jin; Kim, Yong-Sang

2012-04-01

An organic floating-gate memory device using CdSe quantum dots (QDs) as a charge-trapping element was fabricated. CdSe QDs were localized beneath a pentacene without any tunneling insulator, and the QD layer played a role as hole-trapping sites. The band bending formed at the junction between pentacene and QD layers inhibited back-injection of holes trapped in CdSe into pentacene, which appeared as a hysteretic capacitance-voltage response during the operation of the device. Nearly, 60% of trapped charge was sustained even after 104 s in programmed state, and this long retention time can be potentially useful in practical applications of non-volatile memory.

Cargo container inspection test program at ARPA's Nonintrusive Inspection Technology Testbed

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Volberding, Roy W.; Khan, Siraj M.

1994-10-01

An x-ray-based cargo inspection system test program is being conducted at the Advanced Research Project Agency (ARPA)-sponsored Nonintrusive Inspection Technology Testbed (NITT) located in the Port of Tacoma, Washington. The test program seeks to determine the performance that can be expected from a dual, high-energy x-ray cargo inspection system when inspecting ISO cargo containers. This paper describes an intensive, three-month, system test involving two independent test groups, one representing the criminal smuggling element and the other representing the law enforcement community. The first group, the `Red Team', prepares ISO containers for inspection at an off-site facility. An algorithm randomly selects and indicates the positions and preparation of cargoes within a container. The prepared container is dispatched to the NITT for inspection by the `Blue Team'. After in-gate processing, it is queued for examination. The Blue Team inspects the container and decides whether or not to pass the container. The shipment undergoes out-gate processing and returns to the Red Team. The results of the inspection are recorded for subsequent analysis. The test process, including its governing protocol, the cargoes, container preparation, the examination and results available at the time of submission are presented.

An Ultra Low Cost Wireless Communications Laboratory for Education and Research

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Linn, Y.

2012-01-01

This paper presents an ultra-low-cost wireless communications laboratory that is based on a commercial off-the-shelf field programmable gate array (FPGA) development board that is both inexpensive and available worldwide. The total cost of the laboratory is under USD $200, but it includes complete transmission, channel emulation, reception…

Exploring the Feminine Journey of Gifted Women Regarding Career Self-Efficacy and Emotional Well-Being

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Penny, Heather Elizabeth Dean

2013-01-01

Highly capable and intelligent individuals identified as gifted and talented (GATE) in educational settings require support for their unique needs associated with their giftedness. Unique needs for gifted girls include high emotional sensitivities including anxiety, depression, and frustration. These needs can impede the positive development of…

Digital Curricula Evolving

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Education Week, 2013

2013-01-01

This special report is the latest installment in an ongoing series about how online education is changing teaching and learning and the development of curricula. It was produced with support from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the Carnegie Corporation of New York. This paper contains the following articles: (1) Changing the Role of K-12…

Toward a Framework for Evaluating Online Instruction in Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Warford, Mark K.

2014-01-01

SUNY-wide, the online horse has left the gate. Meanwhile, campuses contend with traditional means for evaluating teaching effectiveness that do not match up against the latest standards for online instruction. Following a discussion of some of the core considerations that individual campuses need to address in responding to Open SUNY, the author…

Putting College and Career Readiness at the Forefront of District Priorities in Dallas

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hall, Shane

2013-01-01

Dallas Independent School District's (ISD) efforts to develop a system of college readiness indicators began in 2008, when they received a Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation grant under the foundation's College-Ready Education initiative. With this grant, Dallas ISD's Performance Management and Analytics department developed a college readiness…

Charter, Private, and Public Schools Work Together in Boston

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lam, Diana

2014-01-01

A public, Catholic, and charter school in Boston all work together to share their strengths and learn from each other in an effort to deliver the best education for all of their students. The arrangement is called the School Performance Partnership, and it is a grantee of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.

Dynamic Tensions: Early Reflections from MDRC's Evaluation of the Innovative Professional Development Challenge

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

MDRC, 2015

2015-01-01

In the Innovative Professional Development (iPD) Challenge, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation has invested in helping school districts and networks redesign their instructional support systems to better support educators in increasing student success. This Issue Focus, the second in a series, presents early reflections from MDRC's evaluation…

Gifted Kids Curriculum: What Do the Students Say?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bate, Joanne; Clark, Deb; Riley, Tracy

2012-01-01

Gifted students have different learning, social and emotional needs to their peers. The needs of some gifted students can be met within their mainstream school. Other gifted students need learning, social and emotional support beyond the school gates. The New Zealand Ministry of Education (2000) advocates for a continuum of provisions for gifted…

Mary Lyon and Mount Holyoke. Opening the Gates.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Green, Elizabeth Alden

The efforts of Mary Lyon, virtually singlehandedly, to raise money, recruit students, and plan the academic development of Mount Holyoke Female Seminary, founded in 1837, are detailed in this book. The founder sought to educate women through rigorous application of the intellect, which she believed to lead to salvation. In doing so she…

Are College Students Borrowing Blindly?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Akers, Elizabeth J.; Chingos, Matthew M.

2014-01-01

Improving the college search process by making college costs more transparent to potential students and their families has been a primary focus of recent higher education policy efforts. But the importance of this information does not end at the university gates. In order to make prudent decisions about what to study, how many courses to take, and…

Single Measure and Gated Screening Approaches for Identifying Students At-Risk for Academic Problems: Implications for Sensitivity and Specificity

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Van Norman, Ethan R.; Nelson, Peter M.; Klingbeil, David A.

2017-01-01

Educators need recommendations to improve screening practices without limiting students' instructional opportunities. Repurposing previous years' state test scores has shown promise in identifying at-risk students within multitiered systems of support. However, researchers have not directly compared the diagnostic accuracy of previous years' state…

Reducing NPR 7120.5D to Practice: Preparing for a Life-Cycle Review

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Taylor, Randall L.

2008-01-01

In March 2007, NASA issued revised rules for space flight project management, NPR 7120.5D, 'NASA Space Flight Program and Project Management Requirements.' Central to the new rules was the construct of Key Decision Points, maturity gates that the project team must pass in order to continue development. In order that the KDP decision be fully informed, the NPR required, as entrance criteria for the gate, the generation and delivery of specified planning, technical, and cost/schedule documents (gate products) and a life-cycle review, the Preliminary Design Review. Building on JPL experience on the Prometheus and Juno projects, the team successfully organized for and conducted these reviews on an aggressive schedule. Key actions were taken to proactively interact with the SRB, produce high-quality gate products with stakeholder review, generate review presentation materials, and handle a myriad of supporting logistical functions. A review preparation team was established, including a Review Captain and leads for documentation, information systems, and logistics, and their roles, responsibilities and task assignments were identified. Aids were produced, including a detailed review preparation schedule and a comprehensive gate products production table. Institutional support was leveraged early and often. Implementation strategy reflected the needs of a nationally-distributed team, as well as applicable export control and IT security requirements. This paper gives a brief overview of the GRAIL mission and its project management challenges, provides a detailed description of project PMSR and PDR preparation and execution activities, including positive and negative lessons learned, and identifies recommendations for future NASA (and non-NASA) project teams.

Automated patient setup and gating using cone beam computed tomography projections

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wan, Hanlin; Bertholet, Jenny; Ge, Jiajia; Poulsen, Per; Parikh, Parag

2016-03-01

In radiation therapy, fiducial markers are often implanted near tumors and used for patient positioning and respiratory gating purposes. These markers are then used to manually align the patients by matching the markers in the cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) reconstruction to those in the planning CT. This step is time-intensive and user-dependent, and often results in a suboptimal patient setup. We propose a fully automated, robust method based on dynamic programming (DP) for segmenting radiopaque fiducial markers in CBCT projection images, which are then used to automatically optimize the treatment couch position and/or gating window bounds. The mean of the absolute 2D segmentation error of our DP algorithm is 1.3+/- 1.0 mm for 87 markers on 39 patients. Intrafraction images were acquired every 3 s during treatment at two different institutions. For gated patients from Institution A (8 patients, 40 fractions), the DP algorithm increased the delivery accuracy (96+/- 6% versus 91+/- 11% , p  <  0.01) compared to the manual setup using kV fluoroscopy. For non-gated patients from Institution B (6 patients, 16 fractions), the DP algorithm performed similarly (1.5+/- 0.8 mm versus 1.6+/- 0.9 mm, p  =  0.48) compared to the manual setup matching the fiducial markers in the CBCT to the mean position. Our proposed automated patient setup algorithm only takes 1-2 s to run, requires no user intervention, and performs as well as or better than the current clinical setup.

Fault-Tree Compiler

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Butler, Ricky W.; Boerschlein, David P.

1993-01-01

Fault-Tree Compiler (FTC) program, is software tool used to calculate probability of top event in fault tree. Gates of five different types allowed in fault tree: AND, OR, EXCLUSIVE OR, INVERT, and M OF N. High-level input language easy to understand and use. In addition, program supports hierarchical fault-tree definition feature, which simplifies tree-description process and reduces execution time. Set of programs created forming basis for reliability-analysis workstation: SURE, ASSIST, PAWS/STEM, and FTC fault-tree tool (LAR-14586). Written in PASCAL, ANSI-compliant C language, and FORTRAN 77. Other versions available upon request.

High-speed sorting of grains by color and surface texture

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

A high-speed, low-cost, image-based sorting device was developed to detect and separate grains with different colors/textures. The device directly combines a complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) color image sensor with a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) that was programmed to execute ...

Reimagining Financial Aid to Improve Student Access and Outcomes

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Association of Student Financial Aid Administrators (NJ1), 2013

2013-01-01

As the student aid programs rapidly approach reauthorization in 2014, they continue to face severe funding and efficiency problems. With grant assistance from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation through their "Reimagining Aid Design and Delivery" (RADD) project, the National Association of Student Financial Aid Administrators…

A Corporate Pitch for Athletics.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Morrison, Steve

1998-01-01

The challenge of funding new athletic programs with no additional tax revenue forced a Colorado Springs school district to supplement existing funding arrangements (participation fees, gate admissions, and team fundraising) with a new income source--a lucrative Coca-Cola contract. This article explains how to negotiate (and justify) favorable…

SU-E-T-163: Evaluation of Dose Distributions Recalculated with Per-Field Measurement Data Under the Condition of Respiratory Motion During IMRT for Liver Cancer

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Song, J; Yoon, M; Nam, T

2014-06-01

Purpose: The dose distributions within the real volumes of tumor targets and critical organs during internal target volume-based intensity-modulated radiation therapy (ITV-IMRT) for liver cancer were recalculated by applying the effects of actual respiratory organ motion, and the dosimetric features were analyzed through comparison with gating IMRT (Gate-IMRT) plan results. Methods: The 4DCT data for 10 patients who had been treated with Gate-IMRT for liver cancer were selected to create ITV-IMRT plans. The ITV was created using MIM software, and a moving phantom was used to simulate respiratory motion. The period and range of respiratory motion were recorded in allmore » patients from 4DCT-generated movie data, and the same period and range were applied when operating the dynamic phantom to realize coincident respiratory conditions in each patient. The doses were recalculated with a 3 dose-volume histogram (3DVH) program based on the per-field data measured with a MapCHECK2 2-dimensional diode detector array and compared with the DVHs calculated for the Gate-IMRT plan. Results: Although a sufficient prescription dose covered the PTV during ITV-IMRT delivery, the dose homogeneity in the PTV was inferior to that with the Gate-IMRT plan. We confirmed that there were higher doses to the organs-at-risk (OARs) with ITV-IMRT, as expected when using an enlarged field, but the increased dose to the spinal cord was not significant and the increased doses to the liver and kidney could be considered as minor when the reinforced constraints were applied during IMRT plan optimization. Conclusion: Because Gate-IMRT cannot always be considered an ideal method with which to correct the respiratory motional effect, given the dosimetric variations in the gating system application and the increased treatment time, a prior analysis for optimal IMRT method selection should be performed while considering the patient's respiratory condition and IMRT plan results.« less

"Why not stoichiometry" versus "Stoichiometry--why not?" Part II: GATES in context with redox systems.

PubMed

Michałowska-Kaczmarczyk, Anna Maria; Asuero, Agustin G; Toporek, Marcin; Michałowski, Tadeusz

2015-01-01

Redox equilibria and titration play an important role in chemical analysis, and the formulation of an accurate mathematical description is a challenge. This article is devoted to static and (mainly) dynamic redox systems; the dynamic systems are represented by redox titrations. An overview addresses earlier approaches to static redox systems (redox diagram plots, including Pourbaix diagrams) and to titration redox systems, thereby covering a gap in the literature. After this short review, the generalized approach to electrolytic systems (GATES) is introduced, with generalized electron balance (GEB) as its inherent part within GATES/GEB. Computer simulation, performed according to GATES/GEB, enables following the changes in potential and pH of the solution, together with chemical speciation at each step of a titration, thus providing better insight into this procedure. The undeniable advantages of GATES/GEB over earlier approaches are indicated. Formulation of GEB according to two approaches (I and II) is presented on the respective examples. A general criterion distinguishing between non-redox and redox systems is presented. It is indicated that the formulation of GEB according to Approach II does not need the knowledge of oxidation degrees of particular elements; knowledge of the composition, expressed by chemical formula of the species and its charge, is sufficient for this purpose. Approach I to GEB, known also as the "short" version of GEB, is applicable if oxidation degrees for all elements of the system are known beforehand. The roles of oxidants and reductants are not ascribed to particular components forming a system and to the species thus formed. This is the complete opposite of earlier approaches to redox titrations, based on the stoichiometric redox reaction, formulated for this purpose. GEB, perceived as a law of matter conservation, is fully compatible with other (charge and concentration) balances related to the system in question. The applicability of GATES/GEB in optimization a priori of chemical analyses made with use of redox titration is indicated. The article is illustrated with many examples of static and dynamic redox systems. The related plots are obtained from calculations made according to iterative computer programs. This way, GATES/GEB enables seeing details invisible in real experiments.

Programmable ion-sensitive transistor interfaces. II. Biomolecular sensing and manipulation.

PubMed

Jayant, Krishna; Auluck, Kshitij; Funke, Mary; Anwar, Sharlin; Phelps, Joshua B; Gordon, Philip H; Rajwade, Shantanu R; Kan, Edwin C

2013-07-01

The chemoreceptive neuron metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor described in the preceding paper is further used to monitor the adsorption and interaction of DNA molecules and subsequently manipulate the adsorbed biomolecules with injected static charge. Adsorption of DNA molecules onto poly-L-lysine-coated sensing gates (SGs) modulates the floating gate (FG) potential ψ(O), which is reflected as a threshold voltage shift measured from the control gate (CG) V(th_CG). The asymmetric capacitive coupling between the CG and SG to the FG results in V(th_CG) amplification. The electric field in the SG oxide E(SG_ox) is fundamentally different when we drive the current readout with V(CG) and V(ref) (i.e., the potential applied to the CG and reference electrode, respectively). The V(CG)-driven readout induces a larger E(SG_ox), leading to a larger V(th_CG) shift when DNA is present. Simulation studies indicate that the counterion screening within the DNA membrane is responsible for this effect. The DNA manipulation mechanism is enabled by tunneling electrons (program) or holes (erase) onto FGs to produce repulsive or attractive forces. Programming leads to repulsion and eventual desorption of DNA, while erasing reestablishes adsorption. We further show that injected holes or electrons prior to DNA addition either aids or disrupts the immobilization process, which can be used for addressable sensor interfaces. To further substantiate DNA manipulation, we used impedance spectroscopy with a split ac-dc technique to reveal the net interface impedance before and after charge injection.

Effect of tunneling layers on the performances of floating-gate based organic thin-film transistor nonvolatile memories

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wang, Wei, E-mail: wwei99@jlu.edu.cn; Han, Jinhua; Ying, Jun

2014-09-22

Two types of floating-gate based organic thin-film transistor nonvolatile memories (FG-OTFT-NVMs) were demonstrated, with poly(methyl methacrylate co glycidyl methacrylate) (P(MMA-GMA)) and tetratetracontane (TTC) as the tunneling layer, respectively. Their device performances were measured and compared. In the memory with a P(MMA-GMA) tunneling layer, typical unipolar hole transport was obtained with a relatively small mobility of 0.16 cm{sup 2}/V s. The unidirectional shift of turn-on voltage (V{sub on}) due to only holes trapped/detrapped in/from the floating gate resulted in a small memory window of 12.5 V at programming/erasing voltages (V{sub P}/V{sub E}) of ±100 V and a nonzero reading voltage. Benefited from the well-ordered moleculemore » orientation and the trap-free surface of TTC layer, a considerably high hole mobility of 1.7 cm{sup 2}/V s and a visible feature of electrons accumulated in channel and trapped in floating-gate were achieved in the memory with a TTC tunneling layer. High hole mobility resulted in a high on current and a large memory on/off ratio of 600 at the V{sub P}/V{sub E} of ±100 V. Both holes and electrons were injected into floating-gate and overwritten each other, which resulted in a bidirectional V{sub on} shift. As a result, an enlarged memory window of 28.6 V at the V{sub P}/V{sub E} of ±100 V and a zero reading voltage were achieved. Based on our results, a strategy is proposed to optimize FG-OTFT-NVMs by choosing a right tunneling layer to improve the majority carrier mobility and realize ambipolar carriers injecting and trapping in the floating-gate.« less

Methodology for Analysis, Modeling and Simulation of Airport Gate-waiting Delays

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Jianfeng

This dissertation presents methodologies to estimate gate-waiting delays from historical data, to identify gate-waiting-delay functional causes in major U.S. airports, and to evaluate the impact of gate operation disruptions and mitigation strategies on gate-waiting delay. Airport gates are a resource of congestion in the air transportation system. When an arriving flight cannot pull into its gate, the delay it experiences is called gate-waiting delay. Some possible reasons for gate-waiting delay are: the gate is occupied, gate staff or equipment is unavailable, the weather prevents the use of the gate (e.g. lightning), or the airline has a preferred gate assignment. Gate-waiting delays potentially stay with the aircraft throughout the day (unless they are absorbed), adding costs to passengers and the airlines. As the volume of flights increases, ensuring that airport gates do not become a choke point of the system is critical. The first part of the dissertation presents a methodology for estimating gate-waiting delays based on historical, publicly available sources. Analysis of gate-waiting delays at major U.S. airports in the summer of 2007 identifies the following. (i) Gate-waiting delay is not a significant problem on majority of days; however, the worst delay days (e.g. 4% of the days at LGA) are extreme outliers. (ii) The Atlanta International Airport (ATL), the John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK), the Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport (DFW) and the Philadelphia International Airport (PHL) experience the highest gate-waiting delays among major U.S. airports. (iii) There is a significant gate-waiting-delay difference between airlines due to a disproportional gate allocation. (iv) Gate-waiting delay is sensitive to time of a day and schedule peaks. According to basic principles of queueing theory, gate-waiting delay can be attributed to over-scheduling, higher-than-scheduled arrival rate, longer-than-scheduled gate-occupancy time, and reduced gate availability. Analysis of the worst days at six major airports in the summer of 2007 indicates that major gate-waiting delays are primarily due to operational disruptions---specifically, extended gate occupancy time, reduced gate availability and higher-than-scheduled arrival rate (usually due to arrival delay). Major gate-waiting delays are not a result of over-scheduling. The second part of this dissertation presents a simulation model to evaluate the impact of gate operational disruptions and gate-waiting-delay mitigation strategies, including building new gates, implementing common gates, using overnight off-gate parking and adopting self-docking gates. Simulation results show the following effects of disruptions: (i) The impact of arrival delay in a time window (e.g. 7 pm to 9 pm) on gate-waiting delay is bounded. (ii) The impact of longer-than-scheduled gate-occupancy times in a time window on gate-waiting delay can be unbounded and gate-waiting delay can increase linearly as the disruption level increases. (iii) Small reductions in gate availability have a small impact on gate-waiting delay due to slack gate capacity, while larger reductions have a non-linear impact as slack gate capacity is used up. Simulation results show the following effects of mitigation strategies: (i) Implementing common gates is an effective mitigation strategy, especially for airports with a flight schedule not dominated by one carrier, such as LGA. (ii) The overnight off-gate rule is effective in mitigating gate-waiting delay for flights stranded overnight following departure cancellations. This is especially true at airports where the gate utilization is at maximum overnight, such as LGA and DFW. The overnight off-gate rule can also be very effective to mitigate gate-waiting delay due to operational disruptions in evenings. (iii) Self-docking gates are effective in mitigating gate-waiting delay due to reduced gate availability.

CIDR

Science.gov Websites

NIH CIDR Program Studies For whole exome sequencing projects, we pretest all samples using a high -density SNP array (>200,000 markers). For custom targeted sequencing, we pretest all samples using a 96 pretest samples using a 96 SNP GoldenGate assay. This extensive pretesting allows us to unambiguously tie

SAN FRANCISCO BAY WETLANDS REGIONAL MONITORING PROGRAM

EPA Science Inventory

The geographic area to be monitored is the San Francisco Estuary and its watersheds from the Golden Gate to the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta at Broad Slough. The initial focus will be the baylands of the region defined as the lands between the maximum and minimum elevations of t...

"What's in It for Us?" Rethinking Corporate Sponsorships in Interscholastic Athletics.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McFarland, Allison J.

The challenge of funding new athletic programs with no additional tax revenue has forced school districts to supplement their budgets with gate receipts, team fund raising, and corporate sponsorships. Interscholastic athletic directors and school administrators face the challenge of balancing the concepts of idealism and pragmatism. Corporate…

Reimagining Financial Aid to Improve Student Access and Outcomes. Executive Summary

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Association of Student Financial Aid Administrators (NJ1), 2013

2013-01-01

As the student aid programs rapidly approach reauthorization in 2014, they continue to face severe funding and efficiency problems. With grant assistance from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation through their "Reimagining Aid Design and Delivery" (RADD) project, the National Association of Student Financial Aid Administrators (NASFAA) examined…

The Gate Keepers of Tomorrow's Plays.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Moss, Elizabeth; Nelson, George D.

2003-01-01

Notes that in times of economic downturn and uncertainty, theatrical risk is usually abandoned, except by those organizations that are already financially strong. Explains that the commissioning of new works is relatively new to the area of Theatre for Young Audiences. Contends that college and university theatre programs need to broaden their…

Exercise may cause myocardial ischemia at the anaerobic threshold in cardiac rehabilitation programs.

PubMed

Fuchs, A R C N; Meneghelo, R S; Stefanini, E; De Paola, A V; Smanio, P E P; Mastrocolla, L E; Ferraz, A S; Buglia, S; Piegas, L S; Carvalho, A A C

2009-03-01

Myocardial ischemia may occur during an exercise session in cardiac rehabilitation programs. However, it has not been established whether it is elicited when exercise prescription is based on heart rate corresponding to the anaerobic threshold as measured by cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Our objective was to determine the incidence of myocardial ischemia in cardiac rehabilitation programs according to myocardial perfusion SPECT in exercise programs based on the anaerobic threshold. Thirty-nine patients (35 men and 4 women) diagnosed with coronary artery disease by coronary angiography and stress technetium-99m-sestamibi gated SPECT associated with a baseline cardiopulmonary exercise test were assessed. Ages ranged from 45 to 75 years. A second cardiopulmonary exercise test determined training intensity at the anaerobic threshold. Repeat gated-SPECT was obtained after a third cardiopulmonary exercise test at the prescribed workload and heart rate. Myocardial perfusion images were analyzed using a score system of 6.4 at rest, 13.9 at peak stress, and 10.7 during the prescribed exercise (P < 0.05). The presence of myocardial ischemia during exercise was defined as a difference > or = 2 between the summed stress score and summed rest score. Accordingly, 25 (64%) patients were classified as ischemic and 14 (36%) as nonischemic. MIBI-SPECT showed myocardial ischemia during exercise within the anaerobic threshold. The 64% prevalence of ischemia observed in the study should not be looked on as representative of the whole population of patients undergoing exercise programs. Changes in patient care and exercise programs were implemented as a result of our finding of ischemia during the prescribed exercise.

CUGatesDensity—Quantum circuit analyser extended to density matrices

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Loke, T.; Wang, J. B.

2013-12-01

CUGatesDensity is an extension of the original quantum circuit analyser CUGates (Loke and Wang, 2011) [7] to provide explicit support for the use of density matrices. The new package enables simulation of quantum circuits involving statistical ensemble of mixed quantum states. Such analysis is of vital importance in dealing with quantum decoherence, measurements, noise and error correction, and fault tolerant computation. Several examples involving mixed state quantum computation are presented to illustrate the use of this package. Catalogue identifier: AEPY_v1_0 Program summary URL:http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/AEPY_v1_0.html Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen’s University, Belfast, N. Ireland Licensing provisions: Standard CPC licence, http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/licence/licence.html No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 5368 No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 143994 Distribution format: tar.gz Programming language: Mathematica. Computer: Any computer installed with a copy of Mathematica 6.0 or higher. Operating system: Any system with a copy of Mathematica 6.0 or higher installed. Classification: 4.15. Nature of problem: To simulate arbitrarily complex quantum circuits comprised of single/multiple qubit and qudit quantum gates with mixed state registers. Solution method: A density matrix representation for mixed states and a state vector representation for pure states are used. The construct is based on an irreducible form of matrix decomposition, which allows a highly efficient implementation of general controlled gates with multiple conditionals. Running time: The examples provided in the notebook CUGatesDensity.nb take approximately 30 s to run on a laptop PC.

Abstractions for DNA circuit design.

PubMed

Lakin, Matthew R; Youssef, Simon; Cardelli, Luca; Phillips, Andrew

2012-03-07

DNA strand displacement techniques have been used to implement a broad range of information processing devices, from logic gates, to chemical reaction networks, to architectures for universal computation. Strand displacement techniques enable computational devices to be implemented in DNA without the need for additional components, allowing computation to be programmed solely in terms of nucleotide sequences. A major challenge in the design of strand displacement devices has been to enable rapid analysis of high-level designs while also supporting detailed simulations that include known forms of interference. Another challenge has been to design devices capable of sustaining precise reaction kinetics over long periods, without relying on complex experimental equipment to continually replenish depleted species over time. In this paper, we present a programming language for designing DNA strand displacement devices, which supports progressively increasing levels of molecular detail. The language allows device designs to be programmed using a common syntax and then analysed at varying levels of detail, with or without interference, without needing to modify the program. This allows a trade-off to be made between the level of molecular detail and the computational cost of analysis. We use the language to design a buffered architecture for DNA devices, capable of maintaining precise reaction kinetics for a potentially unbounded period. We test the effectiveness of buffered gates to support long-running computation by designing a DNA strand displacement system capable of sustained oscillations.

Improvement of Ion/Ioff for h-BN encapsulated bilayer graphene by graphite local back gate electrode

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Uwanno, Teerayut; Taniguchi, Takashi; Watanabe, Kenji; Nagashio, Kosuke

The critical issue for bilayer graphene (BLG) devices is low Ion/Ioff even at the band gap of 0.3eV. Band gap in BLG can be formed by creating potential difference between the two layers of BLG. This can be done by applying external electric field perpendicularly to BLG to induce different carrier densities in the two layers. Due to such origin, the spatial uniformity of band gap in the channel is quite sensitive to charge inhomogeneity in BLG. In order to apply electric field of 3V/nm to open the maximum band gap of 0.3eV, high- k gate stack has been utilized so far. However, oxide dielectrics usually have large charge inhomogeneity causing in-plane potential fluctuation in BLG channel. Due to surface flatness and small charge inhomogeneity, h-BN has been used as dielectrics to achieve high quality graphene devices, however, Ion/Iofffor BLG/ h-BN heterostuctures has not been reported yet. In this study, we used graphite as local back gate electrode to BLG encapsulated with h-BN. This resulted in much higher Ion/Ioff, indicating the importance of screening of charge inhomogeneity from SiO2 substrate surface by local graphite back gate electrode. This research was partly supported by JSPS Core-to-Core Program, A. Advanced Research Networks.

The San Francisco Consortium; An Educational Association for Urban Affairs. Progress Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

San Francisco Consortium, CA.

The San Francisco Consortium was formed in the Fall of 1967 by 5 institutions: City College of San Francisco, Golden Gate College, San Francisco State College, University of California-San Francisco Medical Center and the University of San Francisco. Its primary purpose is to be the instrument through which the resources of the major local…

Algebra? A Gate! A Barrier! A Mystery!

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mathematics Educatio Dialogues, 2000

2000-01-01

This issue of Mathematics Education Dialogues focuses on the nature and the role of algebra in the K-14 curriculum. Articles on this theme include: (1) "Algebra For All? Why?" (Nel Noddings); (2) "Algebra For All: It's a Matter of Equity, Expectations, and Effectiveness" (Dorothy S. Strong and Nell B. Cobb); (3) "Don't Delay: Build and Talk about…

Charting Success: Data Use and Student Achievement in Urban Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Faria, Ann-Marie; Heppen, Jessica; Li, Yibing; Stachel, Suzanne; Jones, Wehmah; Sawyer, Katherine; Thomsen, Kerri; Kutner, Melissa; Miser, David; Lewis, Sharon; Casserly, Michael; Simon, Candace; Uzzell, Renata; Corcoran, Amanda; Palacios, Moses

2012-01-01

In recent years, interest has spiked in data-driven decision making in education--that is, using various types of student data to inform decisions in schools and classrooms. In October 2008, the Council of the Great City Schools and American Institutes for Research (AIR) launched a project funded by The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation that focused…

Longitudinal Study of Direct Instruction Effects from First through Third Grades

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ryder, Randall J.; Burton, Jennifer Lyn; Silberg, Anna

2006-01-01

In a 3-year longitudinal study, the authors examined the effect of Direct Instruction (DI) on students' reading achievement, teacher perceptions, nature of the classroom, and special education referral rate. Urban and suburban students completed the Gates-MacGinitie Reading Tests in the fall of Grade 1 and spring of Grades 1, 2, and 3. Teachers…

Gates's Millions: Can Big Bucks Turn Students into Graduates?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ashburn, Elyse

2010-01-01

In the last year, advocacy groups have churned out reports on how all kinds of students--those who work, are minorities, attend less-selective colleges, or come from low-income families--struggle in higher education. They have talked about the needs of the modern workforce, and how the United States is falling behind. All coalesced around the same…

2016 Personalized Learning & Student Success Summit: Summary from the NMC

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

New Media Consortium, 2016

2016-01-01

The New Media Consortium (NMC) hosted the Personalized Learning & Student Success Summit at SXSWedu on March 7-9 in Austin, Texas. The summit convened grantees and partners of the Postsecondary Strategy at the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and served as a call-to-action for education leaders to first imagine if and then commit to trying…

The State of the Gate: A Description of Instructional Practice in Algebra in Five Urban Districts

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Litke, Erica G.

2015-01-01

Algebra is considered a linchpin for success in secondary mathematics, serving as a gatekeeper to higher-level courses. Access to algebra is also considered an important lever for educational equity. Yet despite its prominence, large-scale examinations of algebra instruction are rare. In my dissertation, I endeavor to better understand what…

Geometrically Evident: Framing Studies Using the Graphic Appraisal Tool for Epidemiology (GATE)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Martin, Andres; Srihari, Vinod

2006-01-01

Educators in evidence-based medicine (EBM) have noted that the core set of epidemiological concepts outlined in standard sources are sometimes put to use as oversimplified checklists for the appraisal of research reports. In this article, the authors present the Graphic Appraisal Tool for Epidemiology which was designed as a way combat, by visual…

Are the Gates Open to All? Teacher Licensure Accessibility at a Large Midwestern Urban University

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

van den Hoogenhof, Suzanne

2012-01-01

The percentage of ethnically and linguistically diverse teachers in public education is very low, especially when compared to students. This is problematic for a number of reasons. First, the racial mismatch between the student body and teacher workforce in public schools perpetuates the achievement gap. Second, research shows that not only…

Minority Applicants to Colleges Will Rise Significantly by 2020

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hoover, Eric

2013-01-01

Over the next decade, more students of color than ever before will pass through the gates of the nation's colleges and join the ranks of its work force, according to new projections by the Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education. By the year 2020, minority students will account for 45 percent of the nation's public high-school…

Improving Teaching Effectiveness: Implementation. The Intensive Partnerships for Effective Teaching through 2013-2014

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stecher, Brian M.; Garet, Michael S.; Hamilton, Laura S.; Steiner, Elizabeth D.; Robyn, Abby; Poirier, Jeffrey; Holtzman, Deborah; Fulbeck, Eleanor S.; Chambers, Jay; de los Reyes, Iliana Brodziak

2016-01-01

To improve the U.S. education system through more-effective classroom teaching, in school year 2009-2010, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation announced four Intensive Partnership for Effective Teaching sites. The Intensive Partnerships Initiative is based on the premise that efforts to improve instruction can benefit from high-quality measures…

Working with Teachers to Develop Fair and Reliable Measures of Effective Teaching. MET Project

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, 2010

2010-01-01

In fall 2009, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation launched the Measures of Effective Teaching (MET) project to develop and test multiple measures of teacher effectiveness. The goal of the MET project is to improve the quality of information about teaching effectiveness available to education professionals within states and districts--information…

Tying Together the Common Core of Standards, Instruction, and Assessments

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Phillips, Vicki; Wong, Carina

2010-01-01

Clear, high standards will enable us to develop an education system that ensures that high school graduates are ready for college. The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation has been working with other organizations to develop a Common Core of Standards. The partners working with the foundation are developing tools that will show teachers what is…

Learning about Teaching: Initial Findings from the Measures of Effective Teaching Project. Research Paper. MET Project

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, 2010

2010-01-01

In fall 2009, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation launched the Measures of Effective Teaching (MET) project to test new approaches to measuring effective teaching. The goal of the MET project is to improve the quality of information about teaching effectiveness available to education professionals within states and districts--information that…

STEM the Tide: Reforming Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math Education in America

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Drew, David E.

2011-01-01

One study after another shows American students ranking behind their international counterparts in the STEM fields--science, technology, engineering, and math. Business people such as Bill Gates warn that this alarming situation puts the United States at a serious disadvantage in the high-tech global marketplace of the twenty-first century, and…

Paying for Scale: Results of a Symposium on CMO Finance

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lake, Robin; Demeritt, Allison

2011-01-01

In April 2010, the Center on Reinventing Public Education (CRPE) and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation convened a group of researchers and financial analysts to discuss how to better understand the financing and sustainability of Charter Management Organizations (CMOs). The goals of the meeting were twofold: (1) to suggest a set of common ways…

A Web-Based Visualization and Animation Platform for Digital Logic Design

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shoufan, Abdulhadi; Lu, Zheng; Huss, Sorin A.

2015-01-01

This paper presents a web-based education platform for the visualization and animation of the digital logic design process. This includes the design of combinatorial circuits using logic gates, multiplexers, decoders, and look-up-tables as well as the design of finite state machines. Various configurations of finite state machines can be selected…

Triangulating the source of tunneling resonances in a point contact with nanometer scale sensitivity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bishop, N. C.; Boras Pinilla, C.; Stalford, H. L.; Young, R. W.; Ten Eyck, G. A.; Wendt, J. R.; Eng, K.; Lilly, M. P.; Carroll, M. S.

2011-03-01

We observe resonant tunneling in split gate point contacts defined in a double gate enhancement mode Si-MOS device structure. We determine the capacitances from the resonant feature to each of the conducting gates and the source/drain two dimensional electron gas regions. In our device, these capacitances provide information about the resonance location in three dimensions. Semi-classical electrostatic simulations of capacitance, already used to map quantum dot size and position [Stalford et al., IEEE Nanotechnology], identify a combination of location and confinement potential size that satisfy our experimental observations. The sensitivity of simulation to position and size allow us to triangulate possible locations of the resonant level with nanometer resolution. We discuss our results and how they may apply to resonant tunneling through a single donor. This work was supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development program at Sandia National Laboratories. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000.

Dynamically corrected gates for singlet-triplet spin qubits with control-dependent errors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jacobson, N. Tobias; Witzel, Wayne M.; Nielsen, Erik; Carroll, Malcolm S.

2013-03-01

Magnetic field inhomogeneity due to random polarization of quasi-static local magnetic impurities is a major source of environmentally induced error for singlet-triplet double quantum dot (DQD) spin qubits. Moreover, for singlet-triplet qubits this error may depend on the applied controls. This effect is significant when a static magnetic field gradient is applied to enable full qubit control. Through a configuration interaction analysis, we observe that the dependence of the field inhomogeneity-induced error on the DQD bias voltage can vary systematically as a function of the controls for certain experimentally relevant operating regimes. To account for this effect, we have developed a straightforward prescription for adapting dynamically corrected gate sequences that assume control-independent errors into sequences that compensate for systematic control-dependent errors. We show that accounting for such errors may lead to a substantial increase in gate fidelities. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. DOE's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000.

Development of a Si/ SiO 2-based double quantum dot charge qubit with dispersive microwave readout

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

House, M. G.; Henry, E.; Schmidt, A.; Naaman, O.; Siddiqi, I.; Pan, H.; Xiao, M.; Jiang, H. W.

2011-03-01

Coupling of a high-Q microwave resonator to superconducting qubits has been successfully used to prepare, manipulate, and read out the state of a single qubit, and to mediate interactions between qubits. Our work is geared toward implementing this architecture in a semiconductor qubit. We present the design and development of a lateral quantum dot in which a superconducting microwave resonator is capacitively coupled to a double dot charge qubit. The device is a silicon MOSFET structure with a global gate which is used to accumulate electrons at a Si/ Si O2 interface. A set of smaller gates are used to deplete these electrons to define a double quantum dot and adjacent conduction channels. Two of these depletion gates connect directly to the conductors of a 6 GHz co-planar stripline resonator. We present measurements of transport and conventional charge sensing used to characterize the double quantum dot, and demonstrate that it is possible to reach the few-electron regime in this system. This work is supported by the DARPA-QuEST program.

Characterization of silicon-gate CMOS/SOS integrated circuits processed with ion implantation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Woo, D. S.

1982-01-01

The procedure used to generate MEBES masks and produce test wafers from the 10X Mann 1600 Pattern Generator Tape using existing CAD utility programs and the MEBES machine in the RCA Solid State Technology Center are described. The test vehicle used is the MSFC-designed SC102 Solar House Timing Circuit. When transforming the Mann 1600 tapes into MEBES tapes, extreme care is required in order to obtain accurate minimum linewidths when working with two different coding systems because the minimum grid sizes may be different for the two systems. The minimum grid sizes are 0.025 mil for MSFC Mann 1600 and 0.02 mil for MEBES. Some snapping to the next grid is therefore inevitable, and the results of this snapping effect are significant when submicron lines are present. However, no problem was noticed in the SC102 circuit because its minimum linewidth is 0.3 mil (7.6 microns). MEBES masks were fabricated and wafers were processed using the silicon-gate CMOS/SOS and aluminum-gate COS/MOS processing.

Stem thrust prediction model for W-K-M double wedge parallel expanding gate valves

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Eldiwany, B.; Alvarez, P.D.; Wolfe, K.

1996-12-01

An analytical model for determining the required valve stem thrust during opening and closing strokes of W-K-M parallel expanding gate valves was developed as part of the EPRI Motor-Operated Valve Performance Prediction Methodology (EPRI MOV PPM) Program. The model was validated against measured stem thrust data obtained from in-situ testing of three W-K-M valves. Model predictions show favorable, bounding agreement with the measured data for valves with Stellite 6 hardfacing on the disks and seat rings for water flow in the preferred flow direction (gate downstream). The maximum required thrust to open and to close the valve (excluding wedging andmore » unwedging forces) occurs at a slightly open position and not at the fully closed position. In the nonpreferred flow direction, the model shows that premature wedging can occur during {Delta}P closure strokes even when the coefficients of friction at different sliding surfaces are within the typical range. This paper summarizes the model description and comparison against test data.« less

High-performance reconfigurable coincidence counting unit based on a field programmable gate array.

PubMed

Park, Byung Kwon; Kim, Yong-Su; Kwon, Osung; Han, Sang-Wook; Moon, Sung

2015-05-20

We present a high-performance reconfigurable coincidence counting unit (CCU) using a low-end field programmable gate array (FPGA) and peripheral circuits. Because of the flexibility guaranteed by the FPGA program, we can easily change system parameters, such as internal input delays, coincidence configurations, and the coincidence time window. In spite of a low-cost implementation, the proposed CCU architecture outperforms previous ones in many aspects: it has 8 logic inputs and 4 coincidence outputs that can measure up to eight-fold coincidences. The minimum coincidence time window and the maximum input frequency are 0.47 ns and 163 MHz, respectively. The CCU will be useful in various experimental research areas, including the field of quantum optics and quantum information.

Iterated Gate Teleportation and Blind Quantum Computation.

PubMed

Pérez-Delgado, Carlos A; Fitzsimons, Joseph F

2015-06-05

Blind quantum computation allows a user to delegate a computation to an untrusted server while keeping the computation hidden. A number of recent works have sought to establish bounds on the communication requirements necessary to implement blind computation, and a bound based on the no-programming theorem of Nielsen and Chuang has emerged as a natural limiting factor. Here we show that this constraint only holds in limited scenarios, and show how to overcome it using a novel method of iterated gate teleportations. This technique enables drastic reductions in the communication required for distributed quantum protocols, extending beyond the blind computation setting. Applied to blind quantum computation, this technique offers significant efficiency improvements, and in some scenarios offers an exponential reduction in communication requirements.

A survey of advancements in nucleic acid-based logic gates and computing for applications in biotechnology and biomedicine.

PubMed

Wu, Cuichen; Wan, Shuo; Hou, Weijia; Zhang, Liqin; Xu, Jiehua; Cui, Cheng; Wang, Yanyue; Hu, Jun; Tan, Weihong

2015-03-04

Nucleic acid-based logic devices were first introduced in 1994. Since then, science has seen the emergence of new logic systems for mimicking mathematical functions, diagnosing disease and even imitating biological systems. The unique features of nucleic acids, such as facile and high-throughput synthesis, Watson-Crick complementary base pairing, and predictable structures, together with the aid of programming design, have led to the widespread applications of nucleic acids (NA) for logic gate and computing in biotechnology and biomedicine. In this feature article, the development of in vitro NA logic systems will be discussed, as well as the expansion of such systems using various input molecules for potential cellular, or even in vivo, applications.

A Survey of Advancements in Nucleic Acid-based Logic Gates and Computing for Applications in Biotechnology and biomedicine

PubMed Central

Wu, Cuichen; Wan, Shuo; Hou, Weijia; Zhang, Liqin; Xu, Jiehua; Cui, Cheng; Wang, Yanyue; Hu, Jun

2015-01-01

Nucleic acid-based logic devices were first introduced in 1994. Since then, science has seen the emergence of new logic systems for mimicking mathematical functions, diagnosing disease and even imitating biological systems. The unique features of nucleic acids, such as facile and high-throughput synthesis, Watson-Crick complementary base pairing, and predictable structures, together with the aid of programming design, have led to the widespread applications of nucleic acids (NA) for logic gating and computing in biotechnology and biomedicine. In this feature article, the development of in vitro NA logic systems will be discussed, as well as the expansion of such systems using various input molecules for potential cellular, or even in vivo, applications. PMID:25597946

Quantum information processing with trapped ions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gaebler, John

2013-03-01

Trapped ions are one promising architecture for scalable quantum information processing. Ion qubits are held in multizone traps created from segmented arrays of electrodes and transported between trap zones using time varying electric potentials applied to the electrodes. Quantum information is stored in the ions' internal hyperfine states and quantum gates to manipulate the internal states and create entanglement are performed with laser beams and microwaves. Recently we have made progress in speeding up the ion transport and cooling processes that were the limiting tasks for the operation speed in previous experiments. We are also exploring improved two-qubit gates and new methods for creating ion entanglement. This work was supported by IARPA, ARO contract No. EAO139840, ONR and the NIST Quantum Information Program

Unified random access memory (URAM) by integration of a nanocrystal floating gate for nonvolatile memory and a partially depleted floating body for capacitorless 1T-DRAM

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ryu, Seong-Wan; Han, Jin-Woo; Kim, Chung-Jin; Kim, Sungho; Choi, Yang-Kyu

2009-03-01

This paper describes a unified memory (URAM) that utilizes a nanocrystal SOI MOSFET for multi-functional applications of both nonvolatile memory (NVM) and capacitorless 1T-DRAM. By using a discrete storage node (Ag nanocrystal) as the floating gate of the NVM, high defect immunity and 2-bit/cell operation were achieved. The embedded nanocrystal NVM also showed 1T-DRAM operation (program/erase time = 100 ns) characteristics, which were realized by storing holes in the floating body of the SOI MOSFET, without requiring an external capacitor. Three-bit/cell operation was accomplished for different applications - 2-bits for nonvolatility and 1-bit for fast operation.

49 CFR 234.255 - Gate arm and gate mechanism.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Gate arm and gate mechanism. 234.255 Section 234... Maintenance, Inspection, and Testing Inspections and Tests § 234.255 Gate arm and gate mechanism. (a) Each gate arm and gate mechanism shall be inspected at least once each month. (b) Gate arm movement shall be...

49 CFR 234.255 - Gate arm and gate mechanism.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Gate arm and gate mechanism. 234.255 Section 234... Maintenance, Inspection, and Testing Inspections and Tests § 234.255 Gate arm and gate mechanism. (a) Each gate arm and gate mechanism shall be inspected at least once each month. (b) Gate arm movement shall be...

49 CFR 234.255 - Gate arm and gate mechanism.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Gate arm and gate mechanism. 234.255 Section 234....255 Gate arm and gate mechanism. (a) Each gate arm and gate mechanism shall be inspected at least once each month. (b) Gate arm movement shall be observed for proper operation at least once each month. (c...

49 CFR 234.255 - Gate arm and gate mechanism.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Gate arm and gate mechanism. 234.255 Section 234....255 Gate arm and gate mechanism. (a) Each gate arm and gate mechanism shall be inspected at least once each month. (b) Gate arm movement shall be observed for proper operation at least once each month. (c...

49 CFR 234.255 - Gate arm and gate mechanism.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Gate arm and gate mechanism. 234.255 Section 234....255 Gate arm and gate mechanism. (a) Each gate arm and gate mechanism shall be inspected at least once each month. (b) Gate arm movement shall be observed for proper operation at least once each month. (c...

Inventory of gate-sensing equipment at 14 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers dams in Texas

USGS Publications Warehouse

Harwell, Glenn R.

2005-01-01

The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) is a worldwide organization that provides engineering services, environmental restoration, and construction support for a wide variety of civil and military projects. The primary civil mission of the USACE is developing and managing the Nation's water resources. USACE develops projects to reduce flood damage, improve navigation channels and harbors, protect wetlands, and preserve, safeguard, and enhance the environment. Additional missions of the Corps include managing federal real estate, assisting communities with emergency operations and recovery, and providing recreation opportunities.Accurate and timely information on reservoir gate openings is critical for managing flood pools, reducing flood damage downstream from reservoirs, delivering drinking-water supplies, and meeting an assortment of competing downstream water-use needs. Documentation, operation, and maintenance of gate sensors are needed so that reliable, timely information is available to USACE to make reservoir operation decisions.USACE requested that the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) prepare an inventory and documentation of existing gate-sensing equipment at 14 reservoirs that will serve as a user’s manual for operating the equipment. The 14 reservoirs include Aquilla Lake, Bardwell Lake, Benbrook Lake, Canyon Lake, Georgetown Lake, Granger Lake, Grapevine Lake, Jim Chapman Lake, Joe Pool Lake, Lake O’ the Pines, Ray Roberts Lake, Somerville Lake, Stillhouse Hollow Lake, and Wright Patman Lake.This report presents the inventory and documentation of the existing gate-sensing equipment at the 14. The report is organized by lake; information in each lake section includes location of lake and intake structure, directions to each lake (road log), access, equipment description, operation and maintenance information, job hazard analysis, wiring diagrams, photographs, and datalogger programs. The report also includes a list of contact information for the different manufacturers of equipment in service at the lakes.

Environmental Assessment for Force Protection and Traffic Improvement Measures at the West Gate, Langley Air Force Base, Virginia

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-09-01

DGIF); Virginia Code §29.1-100 to §29.1-570. The State Tributyltin ( TBT ) Regulato.ry Program has been added to the Fisheries Management program...rtoC’i;I~Jabing tbt Stlbsprt~I(IO» It! (o,~ r.u~tt :a~ dK AWtlric: C:out ~ ptOCtttmg 1C \\llicbin tbt (,l!t:sapnkc Uay. What You Con Do To Ht-Jp...containing TBT . The use ofTBT in boat paint constitutes a serious threat to important marine animal species. The TBT program monitors boating 8

Single measure and gated screening approaches for identifying students at-risk for academic problems: Implications for sensitivity and specificity.

PubMed

Van Norman, Ethan R; Nelson, Peter M; Klingbeil, David A

2017-09-01

Educators need recommendations to improve screening practices without limiting students' instructional opportunities. Repurposing previous years' state test scores has shown promise in identifying at-risk students within multitiered systems of support. However, researchers have not directly compared the diagnostic accuracy of previous years' state test scores with data collected during fall screening periods to identify at-risk students. In addition, the benefit of using previous state test scores in conjunction with data from a separate measure to identify at-risk students has not been explored. The diagnostic accuracy of 3 types of screening approaches were tested to predict proficiency on end-of-year high-stakes assessments: state test data obtained during the previous year, data from a different measure administered in the fall, and both measures combined (i.e., a gated model). Extant reading and math data (N = 2,996) from 10 schools in the Midwest were analyzed. When used alone, both measures yielded similar sensitivity and specificity values. The gated model yielded superior specificity values compared with using either measure alone, at the expense of sensitivity. Implications, limitations, and ideas for future research are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved).

United States Air Force High School Apprenticeship Program. 1990 Program Management Report. Volume 3

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-04-18

User Guide Shelly Knupp 73 Computer-Aided Design (CAD) Area Christopher O’Dell 74 Electron Beam Lithography Suzette Yu 68 Flight Dynamics Laboratory 75...fabrication. I Mr. Ed Davis, for the background knowledge of device processes and I information on electron beam lithography . Captain Mike Cheney, for...researcher may write gates on to the wafer by a process called lithography . This is the most crucial and complex part of the process. Two types of proven

Note: Digital laser frequency auto-locking for inter-satellite laser ranging

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Luo, Yingxin; Yeh, Hsien-Chi, E-mail: yexianji@mail.hust.edu.cn; Li, Hongyin

2016-05-15

We present a prototype of a laser frequency auto-locking and re-locking control system designed for laser frequency stabilization in inter-satellite laser ranging system. The controller has been implemented on field programmable gate arrays and programmed with LabVIEW software. The controller allows initial frequency calibrating and lock-in of a free-running laser to a Fabry-Pérot cavity. Since it allows automatic recovery from unlocked conditions, benefit derives to automated in-orbit operations. Program design and experimental results are demonstrated.

Fabrication of InGaZnO Nonvolatile Memory Devices at Low Temperature of 150 degrees C for Applications in Flexible Memory Displays and Transparency Coating on Plastic Substrates.

PubMed

Hanh, Nguyen Hong; Jang, Kyungsoo; Yi, Junsin

2016-05-01

We directly deposited amorphous InGaZnO (a-IGZO) nonvolatile memory (NVM) devices with oxynitride-oxide-dioxide (OOO) stack structures on plastic substrate by a DC pulsed magnetron sputtering and inductively coupled plasma chemical vapor deposition (ICPCVD) system, using a low-temperature of 150 degrees C. The fabricated bottom gate a-IGZO NVM devices have a wide memory window with a low operating voltage during programming and erasing, due to an effective control of the gate dielectrics. In addition, after ten years, the memory device retains a memory window of over 73%, with a programming duration of only 1 ms. Moreover, the a-IGZO films show high optical transmittance of over 85%, and good uniformity with a root mean square (RMS) roughness of 0.26 nm. This film is a promising candidate to achieve flexible displays and transparency on plastic substrates because of the possibility of low-temperature deposition, and the high transparent properties of a-IGZO films. These results demonstrate that the a-IGZO NVM devices obtained at low-temperature have a suitable programming and erasing efficiency for data storage under low-voltage conditions, in combination with excellent charge retention characteristics, and thus show great potential application in flexible memory displays.

Development of first generation aerospace NiMH cells

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tinker, Lawrence; Dell, Dan; Wu, Tony; Rampel, Guy

1993-01-01

Gates Aerospace Batteries in conjunction with Gates Energy Products (GEP) has been developing NiMH technology for aerospace use since 1990. GEP undertook the development of NiMH technology for commercial cell applications in 1987. This program focused on wound cell technology for replacement of current NiCd technology. As an off shoot of this program small, wound cells were used to evaluate initial design options for aerospace prismatic cell designs. Early in 1991, the first aerospace prismatic cell designs were built in a 6 Ah cell configuration. These cells were used to initially characterize performance in prismatic configurations and begin early life cycle testing. Soon after the 6 Ah cells were on test, several 22 Ah cells were built to test other options. The results of testing of these cells were used to identify potential problem areas for long lived cells and develop solutions to those problems. Following these two cell builds, a set of 7 Ah cells was built to evaluate improvements to the technology. To date results from these tests are very promising. Cycle lives in excess of 2,200 LEO cycles at 50 percent DoD were achieved with cells continuing on test. Results from these cell tests are discussed and data presented to demonstrate feasibility of this technology for aerospace programs.

Silicon Power MOSFETs

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lauenstein, Jean-Marie; Casey, Megan; Campola, Michael; Ladbury, Raymond; Label, Kenneth; Wilcox, Ted; Phan, Anthony; Kim, Hak; Topper, Alyson

2017-01-01

Recent work for the NASA Electronic Parts and Packaging Program Power MOSFET task is presented. The Task technology focus, roadmap, and partners are given. Recent single-event effect test results on commercial, automotive, and radiation hardened trench power MOSFETs are summarized with an emphasis on risk of using commercial and automotive trench-gate power MOSFETs in space applications.

Concise Modeling of Amorphous Dual-Gate In-Ga-Zn-O Thin-Film Transistors for Integrated Circuit Designs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Can; Liao, Cong-Wei; Yu, Tian-Bao; Ke, Jian-Yuan; Huang, Sheng-Xiang; Deng, Lian-Wen

2018-02-01

Not Available Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant No 2017YFA0204600, the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 61404002, and the Science and Technology Project of Hunan Province under Grant No 2015JC3041.

Eco-Cities: Possible or Purely Utopian?

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-12-01

00-2009 to 00-00-2009 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Eco-Cities: Possible or Purely Utopian? 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT...2005, Disney modified their building plans for Hong Kong Disneyland by shifting the angle of the front gate by twelve degrees in order to abide by

High altitude subsonic parachute field programmable gate array

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kowalski, James E.; Gromov, Konstantin; Konefat, Edward H.

2005-01-01

This paper describes a rapid, top down requirements-driven design of an FPGA used in an Earth qualification test program for a new Mars subsonic parachute. The FPGA is used to process and control storage of telemetry data from multiple sensors throughout; launch, ascent, deployment and descent phases of the subsonic parachute test.

Give Your Technology Program a Little "Class"!

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vengersammy, Ormilla

2009-01-01

The Orange County Library System (OCLS) began to offer basic technology classes in July 2000. The computers were funded through a grant awarded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Over time, the library staff noticed that the demand for the classes increased, so the offering of classes also increased. When the author arrived at OCLS, her…

Implementing a Strategically-Focused Science and Technology Program for Missile Defense

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-07-01

Development Practices: Updating Trends and Benchmarking Best Practices,” Journal of Product Innovation Management , Vol 14, 1997, pp. 429–458. V-18...Development,” Journal of Product Innovation Management , Vol. 15, 1998, pp. 57–74. V-32 situation. Thus, each stage-gate process must be customized to meet the

Electrical Characteristics of WSi2 Nanocrystal Capacitors with Barrier-Engineered High-k Tunnel Layers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lee, Hyo Jun; Lee, Dong Uk; Kim, Eun Kyu; You, Hee-Wook; Cho, Won-Ju

2011-06-01

Nanocrystal-floating gate capacitors with WSi2 nanocrystals and high-k tunnel layers were fabricated to improve the electrical properties such as retention, programming/erasing speed, and endurance. The WSi2 nanocrystals were distributed uniformly between the tunnel and control gate oxide layers. The electrical performance of the tunnel barrier with the SiO2/HfO2/Al2O3 (2/1/3 nm) (OHA) tunnel layer appeared to be better than that with the Al2O3/HfO2/Al2O3 (2/1/3 nm) (AHA) tunnel layer. When ΔVFB is about 1 V after applying voltage at ±8 V, the programming/erasing speeds of AHA and OHA tunnel layers are 300 ms and 500 µs, respectively. In particular, the device with WSi2 nanocrystals and the OHA tunnel barrier showed a large memory window of about 7.76 V when the voltage swept from 10 to -10 V, and it was maintained at about 2.77 V after 104 cycles.

Programmable bioelectronics in a stimuli-encoded 3D graphene interface

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Parlak, Onur; Beyazit, Selim; Tse-Sum-Bui, Bernadette; Haupt, Karsten; Turner, Anthony P. F.; Tiwari, Ashutosh

2016-05-01

The ability to program and mimic the dynamic microenvironment of living organisms is a crucial step towards the engineering of advanced bioelectronics. Here, we report for the first time a design for programmable bioelectronics, with `built-in' switchable and tunable bio-catalytic performance that responds simultaneously to appropriate stimuli. The designed bio-electrodes comprise light and temperature responsive compartments, which allow the building of Boolean logic gates (i.e. ``OR'' and ``AND'') based on enzymatic communications to deliver logic operations.The ability to program and mimic the dynamic microenvironment of living organisms is a crucial step towards the engineering of advanced bioelectronics. Here, we report for the first time a design for programmable bioelectronics, with `built-in' switchable and tunable bio-catalytic performance that responds simultaneously to appropriate stimuli. The designed bio-electrodes comprise light and temperature responsive compartments, which allow the building of Boolean logic gates (i.e. ``OR'' and ``AND'') based on enzymatic communications to deliver logic operations. Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available. See DOI: 10.1039/c6nr02355j

In-situ Testing of the EHT High Gain and Frequency Ultra-Stable Integrators

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Miller, Kenneth; Ziemba, Timothy; Prager, James; Slobodov, Ilia; Lotz, Dan

2014-10-01

Eagle Harbor Technologies (EHT) has developed a long-pulse integrator that exceeds the ITER specification for integration error and pulse duration. During the Phase I program, EHT improved the RPPL short-pulse integrators, added a fast digital reset, and demonstrated that the new integrators exceed the ITER integration error and pulse duration requirements. In Phase II, EHT developed Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) software that allows for integrator control and real-time signal digitization and processing. In the second year of Phase II, the EHT integrator will be tested at a validation platform experiment (HIT-SI) and tokamak (DIII-D). In the Phase IIB program, EHT will continue development of the EHT integrator to reduce overall cost per channel. EHT will test lower cost components, move to surface mount components, and add an onboard Field Programmable Gate Array and data acquisition to produce a stand-alone system with lower cost per channel and increased the channel density. EHT will test the Phase IIB integrator at a validation platform experiment (HIT-SI) and tokamak (DIII-D). Work supported by the DOE under Contract Number (DE-SC0006281).

A programming language for composable DNA circuits

PubMed Central

Phillips, Andrew; Cardelli, Luca

2009-01-01

Recently, a range of information-processing circuits have been implemented in DNA by using strand displacement as their main computational mechanism. Examples include digital logic circuits and catalytic signal amplification circuits that function as efficient molecular detectors. As new paradigms for DNA computation emerge, the development of corresponding languages and tools for these paradigms will help to facilitate the design of DNA circuits and their automatic compilation to nucleotide sequences. We present a programming language for designing and simulating DNA circuits in which strand displacement is the main computational mechanism. The language includes basic elements of sequence domains, toeholds and branch migration, and assumes that strands do not possess any secondary structure. The language is used to model and simulate a variety of circuits, including an entropy-driven catalytic gate, a simple gate motif for synthesizing large-scale circuits and a scheme for implementing an arbitrary system of chemical reactions. The language is a first step towards the design of modelling and simulation tools for DNA strand displacement, which complements the emergence of novel implementation strategies for DNA computing. PMID:19535415

Gate-tunable gigantic changes in lattice parameters and optical properties in VO2

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nakano, Masaki; Okuyama, Daisuke; Shibuya, Keisuke; Ogawa, Naoki; Hatano, Takafumi; Kawasaki, Masashi; Arima, Taka-Hisa; Iwasa, Yoshihiro; Tokura, Yoshinori

2014-03-01

The field-effect transistor provides an electrical switching function of current flowing through a channel surface by external gate voltage (VG). We recently reported that an electric-double-layer transistor (EDLT) based on vanadium dioxide (VO2) enables electrical switching of the metal-insulator phase transition, where the low-temperature insulating state can be completely switched to the metallic state by application of VG. Here we demonstrate that VO2-EDLT enables electrical switching of lattice parameters and optical properties as well as electrical current. We performed in-situ x-ray diffraction and optical transmission spectroscopy measurements, and found that the c-axis length and the infrared transmittance of VO2 can be significantly modulated by more than 1% and 40%, respectively, by application of VG. We emphasize that these distinguished features originate from the electric-field induced bulk phase transition available with VO2-EDLT. This work was supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) through its ``Funding Program for World-Leading Innovative R&D on Science and Technology (FIRST Program).''

A programming language for composable DNA circuits.

PubMed

Phillips, Andrew; Cardelli, Luca

2009-08-06

Recently, a range of information-processing circuits have been implemented in DNA by using strand displacement as their main computational mechanism. Examples include digital logic circuits and catalytic signal amplification circuits that function as efficient molecular detectors. As new paradigms for DNA computation emerge, the development of corresponding languages and tools for these paradigms will help to facilitate the design of DNA circuits and their automatic compilation to nucleotide sequences. We present a programming language for designing and simulating DNA circuits in which strand displacement is the main computational mechanism. The language includes basic elements of sequence domains, toeholds and branch migration, and assumes that strands do not possess any secondary structure. The language is used to model and simulate a variety of circuits, including an entropy-driven catalytic gate, a simple gate motif for synthesizing large-scale circuits and a scheme for implementing an arbitrary system of chemical reactions. The language is a first step towards the design of modelling and simulation tools for DNA strand displacement, which complements the emergence of novel implementation strategies for DNA computing.

From TPACK-in-Action Workshops to English Classrooms: CALL Competencies Developed and Adopted into Classroom Teaching

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tai, Shu-Ju

2013-01-01

As researchers in the CALL teacher education field noted, teachers play the pivotal role in the language learning classrooms because they are the gate keepers who decide whether technology or CALL has a place in their teaching, and they select technology to support their teaching, which determines what CALL activities language learners are exposed…

Enacting Common Core Instruction: How School District Leadership Drove Implementation of LDC and MDC in Kenton County, KY

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Research For Action, 2012

2012-01-01

Funded by The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the Literacy Design Collaborative (LDC) and Math Design Collaborative (MDC) offer a set of instructional and formative assessment tools in literacy and math, which were developed to help educators better prepare all students to meet the Common Core State Standards (CCSS) and succeed beyond high…

The "Iron Gate": High-Stakes Assessment at Age 16 in Nepal and England

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Davies, Dan

2016-01-01

In Nepal, the School Leaving Certificate (SLC) assessment taken by 16-year-olds at the end of Grade 10 of formal schooling performs a similar function to the General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) examination in England in that it summarises individual, school, district and national achievement and acts as a filtering mechanism to the…

Terminating Teachers and Revoking Their Licensure for Conduct beyond the Schoolhouse Gate.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hooker, Clifford P.

This paper addresses the legal tension between a teacher's right to privacy and a school board's right to demand exemplary conduct by teachers in and out of school. The watershed case in the area of a teacher's right to a private life appears to be "Morrison v. Board of Education" (California 1969), which identified factors that a board may…

Charting Success: Data Use and Student Achievement in Urban Schools. Executive Summary

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Faria, Ann-Marie; Heppen, Jessica; Li, Yibing; Stachel, Suzanne; Jones, Wehmah; Sawyer, Katherine; Thomsen, Kerri; Kutner, Melissa; Miser, David; Lewis, Sharon; Casserly, Michael; Simon, Candace; Uzzell, Renata; Corcoran, Amanda; Palacios, Moses

2012-01-01

In recent years, interest has spiked in data-driven decision making in education--that is, using various types of student data to inform decisions in schools and classrooms. In October 2008, the Council of the Great City Schools and American Institutes for Research (AIR) launched a project funded by The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation that focused…

Pilot Inventory of mammals, reptiles, and amphibians, Golden Gate National Recreation Area, California, 1990-1997

USGS Publications Warehouse

Semenoff-Irving, M.; Howell, J.A.

2005-01-01

The United States Geological Survey Golden Gate Field Station conducted a baseline inventory of terrestrial vertebrates within the Golden Gate National Recreation Area (GGNRA), Marin, San Francisco, and San Mateo Counties, California between 1990 and 1997. We established 456 permanent study plots in 6 major park habitats, including grassland, coastal scrub, riparian woodland, coastal wetland, broad-leaved evergreen forest, and needle-leaved evergreen forest. We tested multiple inventory methods, including live traps, track plate stations, and artificial cover boards, across all years and habitats. In most years, sampling occurred in 3?4 primary sampling sessions between July and September. In 1994, additional sampling occurred in February and May in conjunction with an assessment of Hantavirus exposure in deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus). Overall, we detected 32 mammal, 14 reptile, and 6 amphibian species during 25,222 trap-nights of effort. The deer mouse?the most abundant species detected--accounted for 67% of total captures. We detected the Federal Endangered salt marsh harvest mouse (Reithrodontomys raviventris) at one coastal wetland plot in 1992. This project represents the first phase in the development of a comprehensive terrestrial vertebrate inventory and monitoring program for GGNRA. This report summarizes data on relative abundance, frequency of occurrence, distribution across habitat types, and trap success for terrestrial vertebrates detected during this 7-year effort. It includes comprehensive descriptions of the inventory methods and sampling strategies employed during this survey and is intended to help guide the park in the implementation of future longterm ecological monitoring programs.

Pilot Inventory of Mammals, Reptiles, and Amphibians, Golden Gate National Recreation Area, California, 1990-1997

USGS Publications Warehouse

Semenoff-Irving, Marcia; Howell, Judd A.

2005-01-01

The United States Geological Survey Golden Gate Field Station conducted a baseline inventory of terrestrial vertebrates within the Golden Gate National Recreation Area (GGNRA), Marin, San Francisco, and San Mateo Counties, California between 1990 and 1997. We established 456 permanent study plots in 6 major park habitats, including grassland, coastal scrub, riparian woodland, coastal wetland, broad-leaved evergreen forest, and needle-leaved evergreen forest. We tested multiple inventory methods, including live traps, track plate stations, and artificial cover boards, across all years and habitats. In most years, sampling occurred in 3-4 primary sampling sessions between July and September. In 1994, additional sampling occurred in February and May in conjunction with an assessment of Hantavirus exposure in deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus). Overall, we detected 32 mammal, 14 reptile, and 6 amphibian species during 25,222 trap-nights of effort. The deer mouse-the most abundant species detected--accounted for 67% of total captures. We detected the Federal Endangered salt marsh harvest mouse (Reithrodontomys raviventris) at one coastal wetland plot in 1992. This project represents the first phase in the development of a comprehensive terrestrial vertebrate inventory and monitoring program for GGNRA. This report summarizes data on relative abundance, frequency of occurrence, distribution across habitat types, and trap success for terrestrial vertebrates detected during this 7-year effort. It includes comprehensive descriptions of the inventory methods and sampling strategies employed during this survey and is intended to help guide the park in the implementation of future longterm ecological monitoring programs.

Sliding-gate valve for use with abrasive materials

DOEpatents

Ayers, Jr., William J.; Carter, Charles R.; Griffith, Richard A.; Loomis, Richard B.; Notestein, John E.

1985-01-01

The invention is a flow and pressure-sealing valve for use with abrasive solids. The valve embodies special features which provide for long, reliable operating lifetimes in solids-handling service. The valve includes upper and lower transversely slidable gates, contained in separate chambers. The upper gate provides a solids-flow control function, whereas the lower gate provides a pressure-sealing function. The lower gate is supported by means for (a) lifting that gate into sealing engagement with its seat when the gate is in its open and closed positions and (b) lowering the gate out of contact with its seat to permit abrasion-free transit of the gate between its open and closed positions. When closed, the upper gate isolates the lower gate from the solids. Because of this shielding action, the sealing surface of the lower gate is not exposed to solids during transit or when it is being lifted or lowered. The chamber containing the lower gate normally is pressurized slightly, and a sweep gas is directed inwardly across the lower-gate sealing surface during the vertical translation of the gate.

Electrically programmable-erasable In-Ga-Zn-O thin-film transistor memory with atomic-layer-deposited Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}/Pt nanocrystals/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} gate stack

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Qian, Shi-Bing; Zhang, Wen-Peng; Liu, Wen-Jun

Amorphous indium-gallium-zinc oxide (a-IGZO) thin-film transistor (TFT) memory is very promising for transparent and flexible system-on-panel displays; however, electrical erasability has always been a severe challenge for this memory. In this article, we demonstrated successfully an electrically programmable-erasable memory with atomic-layer-deposited Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}/Pt nanocrystals/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} gate stack under a maximal processing temperature of 300 {sup o}C. As the programming voltage was enhanced from 14 to 19 V for a constant pulse of 0.2 ms, the threshold voltage shift increased significantly from 0.89 to 4.67 V. When the programmed device was subjected to an appropriate pulse under negative gatemore » bias, it could return to the original state with a superior erasing efficiency. The above phenomena could be attributed to Fowler-Nordheim tunnelling of electrons from the IGZO channel to the Pt nanocrystals during programming, and inverse tunnelling of the trapped electrons during erasing. In terms of 0.2-ms programming at 16 V and 350-ms erasing at −17 V, a large memory window of 3.03 V was achieved successfully. Furthermore, the memory exhibited stable repeated programming/erasing (P/E) characteristics and good data retention, i.e., for 2-ms programming at 14 V and 250-ms erasing at −14 V, a memory window of 2.08 V was still maintained after 10{sup 3} P/E cycles, and a memory window of 1.1 V was retained after 10{sup 5} s retention time.« less

Reliability analysis for determining performance of barrage based on gates operation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Adiningrum, C.; Hadihardaja, I. K.

2017-06-01

Some rivers located on a flat slope topography such as Cilemahabang river and Ciherang river in Cilemahabang watershed, Bekasi regency, West Java are susceptible to flooding. The inundation mostly happens near a barrage in the middle and downstream of the Cilemahabang watershed, namely the Cilemahabang and Caringin barrages. Barrages or gated weirs are difficult to exploit since the gate must be kept and operated properly under any circumstances. Therefore, a reliability analysis of the gates operation is necessary to determine the performance of the barrage with respect to the number of gates opened and the gates opening heights. The First Order Second Moment (FOSM) method was used to determine the performance by the reliability index (β) and the probability of failure (risk). It was found that for Cilemahabang Barrage, the number of gates opened with load (L) represents the peak discharge derived from various rainfall (P) respectively one gate with opening height (h=1m) for Preal, two gates (h=1m and h=1,5m) for P50, and three gates (each gate with h=2,5m) for P100. For Caringin Barrage, the results are minimum three gates opened (each gate with h=2,5 m) for Preal, five gates opened (each gate with h=2,5m) for P50, and six gates opened (each gate with h=2,5m) for P100. It can be concluded that a greater load (L) needs greater resistance (R) to counterbalance. Resistance can be added by increasing the number of gates opened and the gate opening height. A higher number of gates opened will lead to the decrease of water level in the upstream of barrage and less risk of overflow.

Field Programmable Gate Array Failure Rate Estimation Guidelines for Launch Vehicle Fault Tree Models

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Al Hassan, Mohammad; Britton, Paul; Hatfield, Glen Spencer; Novack, Steven D.

2017-01-01

Today's launch vehicles complex electronic and avionics systems heavily utilize Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) integrated circuits (IC) for their superb speed and reconfiguration capabilities. Consequently, FPGAs are prevalent ICs in communication protocols such as MILSTD- 1553B and in control signal commands such as in solenoid valve actuations. This paper will identify reliability concerns and high level guidelines to estimate FPGA total failure rates in a launch vehicle application. The paper will discuss hardware, hardware description language, and radiation induced failures. The hardware contribution of the approach accounts for physical failures of the IC. The hardware description language portion will discuss the high level FPGA programming languages and software/code reliability growth. The radiation portion will discuss FPGA susceptibility to space environment radiation.

Experimental demonstration of cheap and accurate phase estimation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rudinger, Kenneth; Kimmel, Shelby; Lobser, Daniel; Maunz, Peter

We demonstrate experimental implementation of robust phase estimation (RPE) to learn the phases of X and Y rotations on a trapped Yb+ ion qubit.. Unlike many other phase estimation protocols, RPE does not require ancillae nor near-perfect state preparation and measurement operations. Additionally, its computational requirements are minimal. Via RPE, using only 352 experimental samples per phase, we estimate phases of implemented gates with errors as small as 10-4 radians, as validated using gate set tomography. We also demonstrate that these estimates exhibit Heisenberg scaling in accuracy. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000.

Multistep fluorescence gated proportional counters

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ramsey, Brian D.; Weisskopf, Martin C.

1990-01-01

A proportional counter is introduced in which the levels of energy and spatial resolutions and background rejection permit the application of the device to X-ray astronomy. A multistep approach is employed in which photons cause a signal that triggers the system and measures the energy of the incident photon. The multistep approach permits good energy resolution from parallel geometry and from the imaging stage due to coupling of the imaging and amplification stages. The design also employs fluorescence gating to reduce background, a method that is compatible with the multistep technique. Use of the proportional counter is reported for NASA's supernova campaign, and the pair background is below 0.0001 counts/sq cm sec keV at the xenon k-edge. Potential improvements and applications are listed including the CASES, POF, and EXOSS mission programs.

Field programmable gate array processing of eye-safe all-fiber coherent wind Doppler lidar return signals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Abdelazim, S.; Santoro, D.; Arend, M.; Moshary, F.; Ahmed, S.

2011-11-01

A field deployable all-fiber eye-safe Coherent Doppler LIDAR is being developed at the Optical Remote Sensing Lab at the City College of New York (CCNY) and is designed to monitor wind fields autonomously and continuously in urban settings. Data acquisition is accomplished by sampling lidar return signals at 400 MHz and performing onboard processing using field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). The FPGA is programmed to accumulate signal information that is used to calculate the power spectrum of the atmospherically back scattered signal. The advantage of using FPGA is that signal processing will be performed at the hardware level, reducing the load on the host computer and allowing for 100% return signal processing. An experimental setup measured wind speeds at ranges of up to 3 km.

A new gated x-ray detector for the Orion laser facility

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Clark, David D.; Aragonez, Robert; Archuleta, Thomas; Fatherley, Valerie; Hsu, Albert; Jorgenson, Justin; Mares, Danielle; Oertel, John; Oades, Kevin; Kemshall, Paul; Thomas, Phillip; Young, Trevor; Pederson, Neal

2012-10-01

Gated X-Ray Detectors (GXD) are considered the work-horse target diagnostic of the laser based inertial confinement fusion (ICF) program. Recently, Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) has constructed three new GXDs for the Orion laser facility at the Atomic Weapons Establishment (AWE) in the United Kingdom. What sets these three new instruments apart from what has previously been constructed for the National Ignition Facility (NIF) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) is: improvements in detector head microwave transmission lines, solid state embedded hard drive and updated control software, and lighter air box design and other incremental mechanical improvements. In this paper we will present the latest GXD design enhancements and sample calibration data taken on the Trident laser facility at Los Alamos National Laboratory using the newly constructed instruments.

Determination of prospective displacement-based gate threshold for respiratory-gated radiation delivery from retrospective phase-based gate threshold selected at 4D CT simulation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Vedam, S.; Archambault, L.; Starkschall, G.

2007-11-15

Four-dimensional (4D) computed tomography (CT) imaging has found increasing importance in the localization of tumor and surrounding normal structures throughout the respiratory cycle. Based on such tumor motion information, it is possible to identify the appropriate phase interval for respiratory gated treatment planning and delivery. Such a gating phase interval is determined retrospectively based on tumor motion from internal tumor displacement. However, respiratory-gated treatment is delivered prospectively based on motion determined predominantly from an external monitor. Therefore, the simulation gate threshold determined from the retrospective phase interval selected for gating at 4D CT simulation may not correspond to the deliverymore » gate threshold that is determined from the prospective external monitor displacement at treatment delivery. The purpose of the present work is to establish a relationship between the thresholds for respiratory gating determined at CT simulation and treatment delivery, respectively. One hundred fifty external respiratory motion traces, from 90 patients, with and without audio-visual biofeedback, are analyzed. Two respiratory phase intervals, 40%-60% and 30%-70%, are chosen for respiratory gating from the 4D CT-derived tumor motion trajectory. From residual tumor displacements within each such gating phase interval, a simulation gate threshold is defined based on (a) the average and (b) the maximum respiratory displacement within the phase interval. The duty cycle for prospective gated delivery is estimated from the proportion of external monitor displacement data points within both the selected phase interval and the simulation gate threshold. The delivery gate threshold is then determined iteratively to match the above determined duty cycle. The magnitude of the difference between such gate thresholds determined at simulation and treatment delivery is quantified in each case. Phantom motion tests yielded coincidence of simulation and delivery gate thresholds to within 0.3%. For patient data analysis, differences between simulation and delivery gate thresholds are reported as a fraction of the total respiratory motion range. For the smaller phase interval, the differences between simulation and delivery gate thresholds are 8{+-}11% and 14{+-}21% with and without audio-visual biofeedback, respectively, when the simulation gate threshold is determined based on the mean respiratory displacement within the 40%-60% gating phase interval. For the longer phase interval, corresponding differences are 4{+-}7% and 8{+-}15% with and without audio-visual biofeedback, respectively. Alternatively, when the simulation gate threshold is determined based on the maximum average respiratory displacement within the gating phase interval, greater differences between simulation and delivery gate thresholds are observed. A relationship between retrospective simulation gate threshold and prospective delivery gate threshold for respiratory gating is established and validated for regular and nonregular respiratory motion. Using this relationship, the delivery gate threshold can be reliably estimated at the time of 4D CT simulation, thereby improving the accuracy and efficiency of respiratory-gated radiation delivery.« less

Determination of prospective displacement-based gate threshold for respiratory-gated radiation delivery from retrospective phase-based gate threshold selected at 4D CT simulation.

PubMed

Vedam, S; Archambault, L; Starkschall, G; Mohan, R; Beddar, S

2007-11-01

Four-dimensional (4D) computed tomography (CT) imaging has found increasing importance in the localization of tumor and surrounding normal structures throughout the respiratory cycle. Based on such tumor motion information, it is possible to identify the appropriate phase interval for respiratory gated treatment planning and delivery. Such a gating phase interval is determined retrospectively based on tumor motion from internal tumor displacement. However, respiratory-gated treatment is delivered prospectively based on motion determined predominantly from an external monitor. Therefore, the simulation gate threshold determined from the retrospective phase interval selected for gating at 4D CT simulation may not correspond to the delivery gate threshold that is determined from the prospective external monitor displacement at treatment delivery. The purpose of the present work is to establish a relationship between the thresholds for respiratory gating determined at CT simulation and treatment delivery, respectively. One hundred fifty external respiratory motion traces, from 90 patients, with and without audio-visual biofeedback, are analyzed. Two respiratory phase intervals, 40%-60% and 30%-70%, are chosen for respiratory gating from the 4D CT-derived tumor motion trajectory. From residual tumor displacements within each such gating phase interval, a simulation gate threshold is defined based on (a) the average and (b) the maximum respiratory displacement within the phase interval. The duty cycle for prospective gated delivery is estimated from the proportion of external monitor displacement data points within both the selected phase interval and the simulation gate threshold. The delivery gate threshold is then determined iteratively to match the above determined duty cycle. The magnitude of the difference between such gate thresholds determined at simulation and treatment delivery is quantified in each case. Phantom motion tests yielded coincidence of simulation and delivery gate thresholds to within 0.3%. For patient data analysis, differences between simulation and delivery gate thresholds are reported as a fraction of the total respiratory motion range. For the smaller phase interval, the differences between simulation and delivery gate thresholds are 8 +/- 11% and 14 +/- 21% with and without audio-visual biofeedback, respectively, when the simulation gate threshold is determined based on the mean respiratory displacement within the 40%-60% gating phase interval. For the longer phase interval, corresponding differences are 4 +/- 7% and 8 +/- 15% with and without audiovisual biofeedback, respectively. Alternatively, when the simulation gate threshold is determined based on the maximum average respiratory displacement within the gating phase interval, greater differences between simulation and delivery gate thresholds are observed. A relationship between retrospective simulation gate threshold and prospective delivery gate threshold for respiratory gating is established and validated for regular and nonregular respiratory motion. Using this relationship, the delivery gate threshold can be reliably estimated at the time of 4D CT simulation, thereby improving the accuracy and efficiency of respiratory-gated radiation delivery.

An active, collaborative approach to learning skills in flow cytometry.

PubMed

Fuller, Kathryn; Linden, Matthew D; Lee-Pullen, Tracey; Fragall, Clayton; Erber, Wendy N; Röhrig, Kimberley J

2016-06-01

Advances in science education research have the potential to improve the way students learn to perform scientific interpretations and understand science concepts. We developed active, collaborative activities to teach skills in manipulating flow cytometry data using FlowJo software. Undergraduate students were given compensated clinical flow cytometry listmode output (FCS) files and asked to design a gating strategy to diagnose patients with different hematological malignancies on the basis of their immunophenotype. A separate cohort of research trainees was given uncompensated data files on which they performed their own compensation, calculated the antibody staining index, designed a sequential gating strategy, and quantified rare immune cell subsets. Student engagement, confidence, and perceptions of flow cytometry were assessed using a survey. Competency against the learning outcomes was assessed by asking students to undertake tasks that required understanding of flow cytometry dot plot data and gating sequences. The active, collaborative approach allowed students to achieve learning outcomes not previously possible with traditional teaching formats, for example, having students design their own gating strategy, without forgoing essential outcomes such as the interpretation of dot plots. In undergraduate students, favorable perceptions of flow cytometry as a field and as a potential career choice were correlated with student confidence but not the ability to perform flow cytometry data analysis. We demonstrate that this new pedagogical approach to teaching flow cytometry is beneficial for student understanding and interpretation of complex concepts. It should be considered as a useful new method for incorporating complex data analysis tasks such as flow cytometry into curricula. Copyright © 2016 The American Physiological Society.

Respiratory gating and multifield technique radiotherapy for esophageal cancer.

PubMed

Ohta, Atsushi; Kaidu, Motoki; Tanabe, Satoshi; Utsunomiya, Satoru; Sasamoto, Ryuta; Maruyama, Katsuya; Tanaka, Kensuke; Saito, Hirotake; Nakano, Toshimichi; Shioi, Miki; Takahashi, Haruna; Kushima, Naotaka; Abe, Eisuke; Aoyama, Hidefumi

2017-03-01

To investigate the effects of a respiratory gating and multifield technique on the dose-volume histogram (DVH) in radiotherapy for esophageal cancer. Twenty patients who underwent four-dimensional computed tomography for esophageal cancer were included. We retrospectively created the four treatment plans for each patient, with or without the respiratory gating and multifield technique: No gating-2-field, No gating-4-field, Gating-2-field, and Gating-4-field plans. We compared the DVH parameters of the lung and heart in the No gating-2-field plan with the other three plans. In the comparison of the parameters in the No gating-2-field plan, there are significant differences in the Lung V 5Gy , V 20Gy , mean dose with all three plans and the Heart V 25Gy -V 40Gy with Gating-2-field plan, V 35Gy , V 40Gy , mean dose with No Gating-4-field plan and V 30Gy -V 40Gy , and mean dose with Gating-4-field plan. The lung parameters were smaller in the Gating-2-field plan and larger in the No gating-4-field and Gating-4-field plans. The heart parameters were all larger in the No gating-2-field plan. The lung parameters were reduced by the respiratory gating technique and increased by the multifield technique. The heart parameters were reduced by both techniques. It is important to select the optimal technique according to the risk of complications.

Project Golden Gate: towards real-time Java in space missions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dvorak, Daniel; Bollella, Greg; Canham, Tim; Carson, Vanessa; Champlin, Virgil; Giovannoni, Brian; Indictor, Mark; Meyer, Kenny; Murray, Alex; Reinholtz, Kirk

2004-01-01

This paper describes the problem domain and our experimentation with the first commercial implementation of the Real Time Specification for Java. The two main issues explored in this report are: (1) the effect of RTSJ's non-heap memory on the programming model, and (2) performance benchmarking of RTSJ/Linux relative to C++/VxWorks.

Early College High School Initiative. Evaluation Year End Report: 2003?2004

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Berger, Andrea R.; Cole, Susan; Melton, Janet; Safran, Stephanie; Vogel, Tyler; Walton, Laura; Adelman, Nancy; Hall, Catherine; Keating, Kaelie Knowles; Murray, Samantha; Nielsen, Natalie; Schaffner, Monika

2005-01-01

This is the first year-end report produced as part of the on-going evaluation of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation's Early College High School Initiative. The program provides funding and support for the establishment of Early College High Schools, which are organized to allow all enrolled students the opportunity to earn a high school diploma…

76 FR 45312 - Notice of Intent To Prepare an Environmental Assessment, Notice of Public Meetings, and Notice To...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-28

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Federal Aviation Administration Notice of Intent To Prepare an Environmental Assessment, Notice of Public Meetings, and Notice To Request Public Scoping Comments for the Air Tour Management Plan Program at Golden Gate National Recreation Area, San Francisco Maritime National Historical Park and Point Reyes National...

Using Constructivist Career Development to Improve Career Decision Self-Efficacy in TRiO Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Grier-Reed, Tabitha; Ganuza, Zoila

2012-01-01

Although more high school graduates are attending college, many are not graduating (The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, 2004). First-generation, low-income, and underrepresented students are especially at risk for falling through the cracks. To help address this issue, programs such as TRiO Student Support Services (SSS) assist…

College Student Engagement and Early Career Earnings: Differences by Gender, Race/Ethnicity, and Academic Preparation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hu, Shouping; Wolniak, Gregory C.

2013-01-01

Using longitudinal data from the 2001 cohort of applicants to the Gates Millennium Scholars (GMS) program, the authors examined scaled measures of academic and social engagement in relation to labor market earnings to test whether the economic value of student engagement among high-achieving students of color differs by student characteristics.…

STS-127 Pad Security

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-07-11

NASA Kennedy Space Center Security Officer, Jack "Supr Jac" Hilderbrand talks on the phone at the security gate to Pad 39a just a day shy of his 70th birthday and the planned launch of the space shuttle Endeavour with the STS-127 crew. Hilderbrand has been working for the space program since 1960. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Low-Frequency Noise in Amorphous Indium Zinc Oxide Thin Film Transistors with Aluminum Oxide Gate Insulator

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Ya-Yi; Liu, Yuan; Wu, Zhao-Hui; Wang, Li; Li, Bin; En, Yun-Fei; Chen, Yi-Qiang

2018-04-01

Not Available Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 61574048, the Science and Technology Research Project of Guangdong Province under Grant Nos 2015B090912002 and 2015B090901048, and the Pearl River S&T Nova Program of Guangzhou under Grant No 201710010172.

Improving Undergraduate Online Retention through Gated Advisement and Redundant Communication

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Clay, Melanie N.; Rowland, Stacey; Packard, Abbot

2009-01-01

The University of West Georgia implemented a successful research-based initiative, Project DEW (Developing eCore Winners) to improve retention in its eCore courses. eCore courses are those offered through a collaborative University System of Georgia program, and includes courses required to complete the first two years of an undergraduate degree.…

The Journey to Teaching Online: A Case Study of Faculty Preparation and Experiences in Online Teaching

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chi, Angel

2013-01-01

When Bill Gates published his book "The Road Ahead" (1995), he summarized the transformative implications of the personal computing revolution and described a future profoundly changed by the arrival of a global information super highway. Almost twenty years later, the tsunami of online programs and the MOOCs (massive online open…

From Awareness to Funding: A Study of Library Support in America. A Report to the OCLC Membership

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc., 2008

2008-01-01

The Online Computer Library Center (OCLC) received a grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to conduct research, develop strategies, create materials and evaluate the potential of marketing and communications programs to sustain and increase funding for U.S. public libraries. The quantitative study targeted two audiences: residents in…

SU-E-T-254: Optimization of GATE and PHITS Monte Carlo Code Parameters for Uniform Scanning Proton Beam Based On Simulation with FLUKA General-Purpose Code

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kurosu, K; Department of Medical Physics ' Engineering, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka; Takashina, M

Purpose: Monte Carlo codes are becoming important tools for proton beam dosimetry. However, the relationships between the customizing parameters and percentage depth dose (PDD) of GATE and PHITS codes have not been reported which are studied for PDD and proton range compared to the FLUKA code and the experimental data. Methods: The beam delivery system of the Indiana University Health Proton Therapy Center was modeled for the uniform scanning beam in FLUKA and transferred identically into GATE and PHITS. This computational model was built from the blue print and validated with the commissioning data. Three parameters evaluated are the maximummore » step size, cut off energy and physical and transport model. The dependence of the PDDs on the customizing parameters was compared with the published results of previous studies. Results: The optimal parameters for the simulation of the whole beam delivery system were defined by referring to the calculation results obtained with each parameter. Although the PDDs from FLUKA and the experimental data show a good agreement, those of GATE and PHITS obtained with our optimal parameters show a minor discrepancy. The measured proton range R90 was 269.37 mm, compared to the calculated range of 269.63 mm, 268.96 mm, and 270.85 mm with FLUKA, GATE and PHITS, respectively. Conclusion: We evaluated the dependence of the results for PDDs obtained with GATE and PHITS Monte Carlo generalpurpose codes on the customizing parameters by using the whole computational model of the treatment nozzle. The optimal parameters for the simulation were then defined by referring to the calculation results. The physical model, particle transport mechanics and the different geometrybased descriptions need accurate customization in three simulation codes to agree with experimental data for artifact-free Monte Carlo simulation. This study was supported by Grants-in Aid for Cancer Research (H22-3rd Term Cancer Control-General-043) from the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare of Japan, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (No. 23791419), and JSPS Core-to-Core program (No. 23003). The authors have no conflict of interest.« less

Reference ranges for LVEF and LV volumes from electrocardiographically gated 82Rb cardiac PET/CT using commercially available software.

PubMed

Bravo, Paco E; Chien, David; Javadi, Mehrbod; Merrill, Jennifer; Bengel, Frank M

2010-06-01

Electrocardiographic gating is increasingly used for (82)Rb cardiac PET/CT, but reference ranges for global functional parameters are not well defined. We sought to establish reference values for left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), end systolic volume (ESV), and end diastolic volume (EDV) using 4 different commercial software packages. Additionally, we compared 2 different approaches for the definition of a healthy individual. Sixty-two subjects (mean age +/- SD, 49 +/- 9 y; 85% women; mean body mass index +/- SD, 34 +/- 10 kg/m(2)) who underwent (82)Rb-gated myocardial perfusion PET/CT were evaluated. All subjects had normal myocardial perfusion and no history of coronary artery disease (CAD) or cardiomyopathy. Subgroup 1 consisted of 34 individuals with low pretest probability of CAD (<10%), and subgroup 2 comprised 28 subjects who had no atherosclerosis on a coronary CT angiogram obtained concurrently during the PET/CT session. LVEF, ESV, and EDV were calculated at rest and during dipyridamole-induced stress, using CardIQ Physio (a dedicated PET software) and the 3 major SPECT software packages (Emory Cardiac Toolbox, Quantitative Gated SPECT, and 4DM-SPECT). Mean LVEF was significantly different among all 4 software packages. LVEF was most comparable between CardIQ Physio (62% +/- 6% and 54% +/- 7% at stress and rest, respectively) and 4DM-SPECT (64% +/- 7% and 56% +/- 8%, respectively), whereas Emory Cardiac Toolbox yielded higher values (71% +/- 6% and 65% +/- 6%, respectively, P < 0.001) and Quantitated Gated SPECT lower values (56% +/- 8% and 50% +/- 8%, respectively, P < 0.001). Subgroup 1 (low likelihood) demonstrated higher LVEF values than did subgroup 2 (normal CT angiography findings), using all software packages (P < 0.05). However, mean ESV and EDV at stress and rest were comparable between both subgroups (p = NS). Intra- and interobserver agreement were excellent for all methods. The reference range of LVEF and LV volumes from gated (82)Rb PET/CT varies significantly among available software programs and therefore cannot be used interchangeably. LVEF results were higher when healthy subjects were defined by a low pretest probability of CAD than by normal CT angiography results.

SU-F-T-563: Delivered Dose Reconstruction of Moving Targets for Gated Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chung, H; Cho, S; Jeong, C

2016-06-15

Purpose: Actual delivered dose of moving tumors treated with gated volumetric arc therapy (VMAT) may significantly differ from the planned dose assuming static target. In this study, we developed a method which reconstructs actual delivered dose distribution of moving target by taking into account both tumor motion and dynamic beam delivery of gated VMAT, and applied to abdominal tumors. Methods: Fifteen dual-arc VMAT plans (Eclipse, Varian Medical Systems) for 5 lung, 5 pancreatic, and 5 liver cancer patients treated with gated VMAT stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) were studied. For reconstruction of the delivered dose distribution, we divided each original arcmore » beam into control-point-wise sub-beams, and applied beam isocenter shifting to each sub-beam to reflect the tumor motion. The tumor positions as a function of beam delivery were estimated by synchronizing the beam delivery with the respiratory signal which acquired during treatment. For this purpose, an in-house program (MATLAB, Mathworks) was developed to convert the original DICOM plan data into motion-involved treatment plan. The motion-involved DICOM plan was imported into Eclipse for dose calculation. The reconstructed delivered dose was compared to the plan dose using the dose coverage of gross tumor volume (GTV) and dose distribution of organs at risk (OAR). Results: The mean GTV dose coverage difference between the reconstructed delivered dose and the plan dose was 0.2 % in lung and pancreas cases, and no difference in liver cases. Mean D1000cc of ipsilateral lungs was reduced (0.8 ± 1.4cGy). Conclusion: We successfully developed a method of delivered dose reconstruction taking into account both respiratory tumor motion and dynamic beam delivery, and applied it to abdominal tumors treated with gated VAMT. No significant deterioration of delivered dose distribution indicates that interplay effect would be minimal even in the case of gated SBRT. This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIP) (No. 2015038710)« less

Improved scatterer property estimates from ultrasound backscatter for small gate lengths using a gate-edge correction factor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Oelze, Michael L.; O'Brien, William D.

2004-11-01

Backscattered rf signals used to construct conventional ultrasound B-mode images contain frequency-dependent information that can be examined through the backscattered power spectrum. The backscattered power spectrum is found by taking the magnitude squared of the Fourier transform of a gated time segment corresponding to a region in the scattering volume. When a time segment is gated, the edges of the gated regions change the frequency content of the backscattered power spectrum due to truncating of the waveform. Tapered windows, like the Hanning window, and longer gate lengths reduce the relative contribution of the gate-edge effects. A new gate-edge correction factor was developed that partially accounted for the edge effects. The gate-edge correction factor gave more accurate estimates of scatterer properties at small gate lengths compared to conventional windowing functions. The gate-edge correction factor gave estimates of scatterer properties within 5% of actual values at very small gate lengths (less than 5 spatial pulse lengths) in both simulations and from measurements on glass-bead phantoms. While the gate-edge correction factor gave higher accuracy of estimates at smaller gate lengths, the precision of estimates was not improved at small gate lengths over conventional windowing functions. .

Improving agricultural commodity supply-chain to promote economic activities in rural area

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Padjung, R.

2018-05-01

Long supply chain of agricultural commodities has become concern to governments particularly in large countries such as Indonesia as it causes high price disparity between farm-gate and retailer. Policies to overcome such problem are usually by shortening the chain, by which farmers sell the products directly to retailers. Using an action research in AEDEF (Aceh Economic Development Financing Facilities) Program, conducted in the province of Nangro Aceh Darussalam (NAD) Indonesia, the paper shows that shortening the commodity supply chain is not the best solution to such problem, as it causes loss of jobs in the villages. High price disparity between farm-gate and retailer is not necessary brought about by long supply-chain but by the efficiency of the chain instead. Efficiency of the chain can be improved by creating enabling business environment such that every actors and players work in a fair manner. This can be achieved by transparency in price and quality grade. With development achieved in Information and Communication Technology (ICT), having a good and reliable flow of such information is not difficult. In addition to information flow, the availability and quality of infrastructure to support flow of goods from farm-gate to end-user is of reasonably important.

Normal values and standardization of parameters in nuclear cardiology: Japanese Society of Nuclear Medicine working group database.

PubMed

Nakajima, Kenichi; Matsumoto, Naoya; Kasai, Tokuo; Matsuo, Shinro; Kiso, Keisuke; Okuda, Koichi

2016-04-01

As a 2-year project of the Japanese Society of Nuclear Medicine working group activity, normal myocardial imaging databases were accumulated and summarized. Stress-rest with gated and non-gated image sets were accumulated for myocardial perfusion imaging and could be used for perfusion defect scoring and normal left ventricular (LV) function analysis. For single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with multi-focal collimator design, databases of supine and prone positions and computed tomography (CT)-based attenuation correction were created. The CT-based correction provided similar perfusion patterns between genders. In phase analysis of gated myocardial perfusion SPECT, a new approach for analyzing dyssynchrony, normal ranges of parameters for phase bandwidth, standard deviation and entropy were determined in four software programs. Although the results were not interchangeable, dependency on gender, ejection fraction and volumes were common characteristics of these parameters. Standardization of (123)I-MIBG sympathetic imaging was performed regarding heart-to-mediastinum ratio (HMR) using a calibration phantom method. The HMRs from any collimator types could be converted to the value with medium-energy comparable collimators. Appropriate quantification based on common normal databases and standard technology could play a pivotal role for clinical practice and researches.

Damage effect and mechanism of the GaAs pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor induced by the electromagnetic pulse

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xiao-Wen, Xi; Chang-Chun, Chai; Gang, Zhao; Yin-Tang, Yang; Xin-Hai, Yu; Yang, Liu

2016-04-01

The damage effect and mechanism of the electromagnetic pulse (EMP) on the GaAs pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor (PHEMT) are investigated in this paper. By using the device simulation software, the distributions and variations of the electric field, the current density and the temperature are analyzed. The simulation results show that there are three physical effects, i.e., the forward-biased effect of the gate Schottky junction, the avalanche breakdown, and the thermal breakdown of the barrier layer, which influence the device current in the damage process. It is found that the damage position of the device changes with the amplitude of the step voltage pulse. The damage appears under the gate near the drain when the amplitude of the pulse is low, and it also occurs under the gate near the source when the amplitude is sufficiently high, which is consistent with the experimental results. Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2014CB339900), and the Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Complex Electromagnetic Environment Science and Technology, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP) (Grant No. 2015-0214.XY.K).

Implementation of Multivariable Logic Functions in Parallel by Electrically Addressing a Molecule of Three Dopants in Silicon.

PubMed

Fresch, Barbara; Bocquel, Juanita; Hiluf, Dawit; Rogge, Sven; Levine, Raphael D; Remacle, Françoise

2017-07-05

To realize low-power, compact logic circuits, one can explore parallel operation on single nanoscale devices. An added incentive is to use multivalued (as distinct from Boolean) logic. Here, we theoretically demonstrate that the computation of all the possible outputs of a multivariate, multivalued logic function can be implemented in parallel by electrical addressing of a molecule made up of three interacting dopant atoms embedded in Si. The electronic states of the dopant molecule are addressed by pulsing a gate voltage. By simulating the time evolution of the non stationary electronic density built by the gate voltage, we show that one can implement a molecular decision tree that provides in parallel all the outputs for all the inputs of the multivariate, multivalued logic function. The outputs are encoded in the populations and in the bond orders of the dopant molecule, which can be measured using an STM tip. We show that the implementation of the molecular logic tree is equivalent to a spectral function decomposition. The function that is evaluated can be field-programmed by changing the time profile of the pulsed gate voltage. © 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Demonstration of a small programmable quantum computer with atomic qubits.

PubMed

Debnath, S; Linke, N M; Figgatt, C; Landsman, K A; Wright, K; Monroe, C

2016-08-04

Quantum computers can solve certain problems more efficiently than any possible conventional computer. Small quantum algorithms have been demonstrated on multiple quantum computing platforms, many specifically tailored in hardware to implement a particular algorithm or execute a limited number of computational paths. Here we demonstrate a five-qubit trapped-ion quantum computer that can be programmed in software to implement arbitrary quantum algorithms by executing any sequence of universal quantum logic gates. We compile algorithms into a fully connected set of gate operations that are native to the hardware and have a mean fidelity of 98 per cent. Reconfiguring these gate sequences provides the flexibility to implement a variety of algorithms without altering the hardware. As examples, we implement the Deutsch-Jozsa and Bernstein-Vazirani algorithms with average success rates of 95 and 90 per cent, respectively. We also perform a coherent quantum Fourier transform on five trapped-ion qubits for phase estimation and period finding with average fidelities of 62 and 84 per cent, respectively. This small quantum computer can be scaled to larger numbers of qubits within a single register, and can be further expanded by connecting several such modules through ion shuttling or photonic quantum channels.

Demonstration of a small programmable quantum computer with atomic qubits

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Debnath, S.; Linke, N. M.; Figgatt, C.; Landsman, K. A.; Wright, K.; Monroe, C.

2016-08-01

Quantum computers can solve certain problems more efficiently than any possible conventional computer. Small quantum algorithms have been demonstrated on multiple quantum computing platforms, many specifically tailored in hardware to implement a particular algorithm or execute a limited number of computational paths. Here we demonstrate a five-qubit trapped-ion quantum computer that can be programmed in software to implement arbitrary quantum algorithms by executing any sequence of universal quantum logic gates. We compile algorithms into a fully connected set of gate operations that are native to the hardware and have a mean fidelity of 98 per cent. Reconfiguring these gate sequences provides the flexibility to implement a variety of algorithms without altering the hardware. As examples, we implement the Deutsch-Jozsa and Bernstein-Vazirani algorithms with average success rates of 95 and 90 per cent, respectively. We also perform a coherent quantum Fourier transform on five trapped-ion qubits for phase estimation and period finding with average fidelities of 62 and 84 per cent, respectively. This small quantum computer can be scaled to larger numbers of qubits within a single register, and can be further expanded by connecting several such modules through ion shuttling or photonic quantum channels.

SU-E-T-401: Feasibility Study of Using ABC to Gate Lung SBRT Treatment

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cao, D; Xie, X; Shepard, D

2014-06-01

Purpose: The current SBRT treatment techniques include free breathing (FB) SBRT and gated FB SBRT. Gated FB SBRT has smaller target and less lung toxicity with longer treatment time. The recent development of direct connectivity between the ABC and linac allowing for automated beam gating. In this study, we have examined the feasibility of using ABC system to gate the lung SBRT treatment. Methods: A CIRS lung phantom with a 3cm sphere-insert and a moving chest plate was used in this study. Sinusoidal motion was used for the FB pattern. An ABC signal was imported to simulate breath holds. 4D-CTmore » was taken in FB mode and average-intensity-projection (AIP) was used to create FB and 50% gated FB SBRT planning CT. A manually gated 3D CT scan was acquired for ABC gated SBRT planning.An SBRT plan was created for each treatment option. A surface-mapping system was used for 50% gating and ABC system was used for ABC gating. A manually gated CBCT scan was also performed to verify setup. Results: Among three options, the ABC gated plan has the smallest PTV of 35.94cc, which is 35% smaller comparing to that of the FB plan. Consequently, the V20 of the left lung reduced by 15% and 23% comparing to the 50% gated FB and FB plans, respectively. The FB plan took 4.7 minutes to deliver, while the 50% gated FB plan took 18.5 minutes. The ABC gated plan delivery took only 10.6 minutes. A stationary target with 3cm diameter was also obtained from the manually gated CBCT scan. Conclusion: A strategy for ABC gated lung SBRT was developed. ABC gating can significantly reduce the lung toxicity while maintaining the target coverage. Comparing to the 50% gated FB SBRT, ABC gated treatment can also provide less lung toxicity as well as improved delivery efficiency. This research is funded by Elekta.« less

Racism as 'Reasonableness': Philosophy for Children and the Gated Community of Inquiry

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chetty, Darren

2018-01-01

In this paper, I argue that the notion of 'reasonableness' that is, for many, at the heart of the Philosophy for Children (P4C) approach particularly and education for democratic citizenship more broadly, is constituted within the epistemology of 'white ignorance' and operates in such a way that it is unlikely to transgress the boundaries of white…

Reaching Higher? The Impact of the Common Core State Standards on the Visual Arts, Poverty, and Disabilities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wexler, Alice

2014-01-01

As the common core state standards become reality, teachers have reason for concern. In this article the author outlines the roots of what has been called the corporate reform in education and its effects on the arts, poverty, and disabilities. The financial contributions of the Gates and Broad foundations led to the corporatization and nationwide…

The Implementation and Effects of the Mathematics Design Collaborative (MDC): Early Findings from Kentucky Ninth-Grade Algebra 1 Courses. CRESST Report 845

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Herman, Joan L.; Matrundola, Deborah La Torre; Epstein, Scott; Leon, Seth; Dai, Yunyun; Reber, Sarah; Choi, Kilchan

2015-01-01

With support from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, researchers and experts in mathematics education developed the Mathematics Design Collaborative (MDC) as a strategy to support the transition to Common Core State Standards in math. MDC provides short formative assessment lessons known as Classroom Challenges for use in middle and high…

Introduction to the Evaluation of the Intensive Partnerships for Effective Teaching (IP). Working Paper WR-1034-BMGF

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stecher, Brian M.; Garet, Michael

2014-01-01

On November 19, 2009, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation announced that it would invest $290 million to support effective teaching as a means to ensure all students receive the education they need to succeed in high school and beyond. The foundation made six-year grants to support four Intensive Partnership for Effective Teaching (IP) sites…

From Scarcity to Abundance: IT's Role in Achieving Quality-Assured Mass Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smith, Peter S.

2011-01-01

The United States is in a bind. On the one hand, it needs millions of additional citizens with at least one year of successful post-secondary experience to adapt to the knowledge economy. The Gates and Lumina Foundations, as well as President Obama have championed this goal in different ways. On the other hand, it has a post-secondary system that…

Technical Note: High temporal resolution characterization of gating response time.

PubMed

Wiersma, Rodney D; McCabe, Bradley P; Belcher, Andrew H; Jensen, Patrick J; Smith, Brett; Aydogan, Bulent

2016-06-01

Low temporal latency between a gating ON/OFF signal and the LINAC beam ON/OFF during respiratory gating is critical for patient safety. Here the authors describe a novel method to precisely measure gating lag times at high temporal resolutions. A respiratory gating simulator with an oscillating platform was modified to include a linear potentiometer for position measurement. A photon diode was placed at linear accelerator isocenter for beam output measurement. The output signals of the potentiometer and diode were recorded simultaneously at 2500 Hz with an analog to digital converter for four different commercial respiratory gating systems. The ON and OFF of the beam signal were located and compared to the expected gating window for both phase and position based gating and the temporal lag times extracted. For phase based gating, a real-time position management (RPM) infrared marker tracking system with a single camera and a RPM system with a stereoscopic camera were measured to have mean gate ON/OFF lag times of 98/90 and 86/44 ms, respectively. For position based gating, an AlignRT 3D surface system and a Calypso magnetic fiducial tracking system were measured to have mean gate ON/OFF lag times of 356/529 and 209/60 ms, respectively. Temporal resolution of the method was high enough to allow characterization of individual gate cycles and was primary limited by the sampling speed of the data recording device. Significant variation of mean gate ON/OFF lag time was found between different gating systems. For certain gating devices, individual gating cycle lag times can vary significantly.

Technical Note: High temporal resolution characterization of gating response time

PubMed Central

Wiersma, Rodney D.; McCabe, Bradley P.; Belcher, Andrew H.; Jensen, Patrick J.; Smith, Brett; Aydogan, Bulent

2016-01-01

Purpose: Low temporal latency between a gating ON/OFF signal and the LINAC beam ON/OFF during respiratory gating is critical for patient safety. Here the authors describe a novel method to precisely measure gating lag times at high temporal resolutions. Methods: A respiratory gating simulator with an oscillating platform was modified to include a linear potentiometer for position measurement. A photon diode was placed at linear accelerator isocenter for beam output measurement. The output signals of the potentiometer and diode were recorded simultaneously at 2500 Hz with an analog to digital converter for four different commercial respiratory gating systems. The ON and OFF of the beam signal were located and compared to the expected gating window for both phase and position based gating and the temporal lag times extracted. Results: For phase based gating, a real-time position management (RPM) infrared marker tracking system with a single camera and a RPM system with a stereoscopic camera were measured to have mean gate ON/OFF lag times of 98/90 and 86/44 ms, respectively. For position based gating, an AlignRT 3D surface system and a Calypso magnetic fiducial tracking system were measured to have mean gate ON/OFF lag times of 356/529 and 209/60 ms, respectively. Conclusions: Temporal resolution of the method was high enough to allow characterization of individual gate cycles and was primary limited by the sampling speed of the data recording device. Significant variation of mean gate ON/OFF lag time was found between different gating systems. For certain gating devices, individual gating cycle lag times can vary significantly. PMID:27277028

A pH sensor with a double-gate silicon nanowire field-effect transistor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ahn, Jae-Hyuk; Kim, Jee-Yeon; Seol, Myeong-Lok; Baek, David J.; Guo, Zheng; Kim, Chang-Hoon; Choi, Sung-Jin; Choi, Yang-Kyu

2013-02-01

A pH sensor composed of a double-gate silicon nanowire field-effect transistor (DG Si-NW FET) is demonstrated. The proposed DG Si-NW FET allows the independent addressing of the gate voltage and hence improves the sensing capability through an application of asymmetric gate voltage between the two gates. One gate is a driving gate which controls the current flow, and the other is a supporting gate which amplifies the shift of the threshold voltage, which is a sensing metric, and which arises from changes in the pH. The pH signal is also amplified through modulation of the gate oxide thickness.

High-Fidelity Single-Shot Toffoli Gate via Quantum Control.

PubMed

Zahedinejad, Ehsan; Ghosh, Joydip; Sanders, Barry C

2015-05-22

A single-shot Toffoli, or controlled-controlled-not, gate is desirable for classical and quantum information processing. The Toffoli gate alone is universal for reversible computing and, accompanied by the Hadamard gate, forms a universal gate set for quantum computing. The Toffoli gate is also a key ingredient for (nontopological) quantum error correction. Currently Toffoli gates are achieved by decomposing into sequentially implemented single- and two-qubit gates, which require much longer times and yields lower overall fidelities compared to a single-shot implementation. We develop a quantum-control procedure to construct a single-shot Toffoli gate for three nearest-neighbor-coupled superconducting transmon systems such that the fidelity is 99.9% and is as fast as an entangling two-qubit gate under the same realistic conditions. The gate is achieved by a nongreedy quantum control procedure using our enhanced version of the differential evolution algorithm.

Characteristics Of Ferroelectric Logic Gates Using a Spice-Based Model

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

MacLeod, Todd C.; Phillips, Thomas A.; Ho, Fat D.

2005-01-01

A SPICE-based model of an n-channel ferroelectric field effect transistor has been developed based on both theoretical and empirical data. This model was used to generate the I-V characteristic of several logic gates. The use of ferroelectric field effect transistors in memory circuits is being developed by several organizations. The use of FFETs in other circuits, both analog and digital needs to be better understood. The ability of FFETs to have different characteristics depending on the initial polarization can be used to create logic gates. These gates can have properties not available to standard CMOS logic gates, such as memory, reconfigurability and memory. This paper investigates basic properties of FFET logic gates. It models FFET inverter, NAND gate and multi-input NAND gate. The I-V characteristics of the gates are presented as well as transfer characteristics and timing. The model used is a SPICE-based model developed from empirical data from actual Ferroelectric transistors. It simulates all major characteristics of the ferroelectric transistor, including polarization, hysteresis and decay. Contrasts are made of the differences between FFET logic gates and CMOS logic gates. FFET parameters are varied to show the effect on the overall gate. A recodigurable gate is investigated which is not possible with CMOS circuits. The paper concludes that FFETs can be used in logic gates and have several advantages over standard CMOS gates.

Measurement of fault latency in a digital avionic mini processor, part 2

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mcgough, J.; Swern, F.

1983-01-01

The results of fault injection experiments utilizing a gate-level emulation of the central processor unit of the Bendix BDX-930 digital computer are described. Several earlier programs were reprogrammed, expanding the instruction set to capitalize on the full power of the BDX-930 computer. As a final demonstration of fault coverage an extensive, 3-axis, high performance flght control computation was added. The stages in the development of a CPU self-test program emphasizing the relationship between fault coverage, speed, and quantity of instructions were demonstrated.

Nonlinear profile order for three-dimensional hybrid radial acquisition applied to self-gated free-breathing cardiac cine MRI

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhu, Yanchun; Spincemaille, Pascal; Liu, Jing; Li, Shuo; Nguyen, Thanh D.; Prince, Martin R.; Xie, Yaoqin; Wang, Yi

2017-01-01

Not Available Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 81501463, 61671026, 81571669, and 81671853), the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, China (Grant No. 2014A030310360), Guangdong Innovative Research Team Program of China (Grant No. 2011S013), the Basic Research Project of Shenzhen City, China (Grant Nos. JCYJ20140417113430639 and JCYJ20160429172357751), the High-level Oversea Talent Program of Shenzhen City, China (Grant No. KQJSCX20160301144248), and Beijing Center for Mathematics and Information Interdisciplinary Sciences of China.

Bias stress instability of double-gate a-IGZO TFTs on polyimide substrate

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cho, Won-Ju; Ahn, Min-Ju

2017-09-01

In this study, flexible double-gate thin-film transistor (TFT)-based amorphous indium-galliumzinc- oxide (a-IGZO) was fabricated on a polyimide substrate. Double-gate operation with connected front and back gates was compared with a single-gate operation. As a result, the double-gate a- IGZO TFT exhibited enhanced electrical characteristics as well as improved long-term reliability. Under positive- and negative-bias temperature stress, the threshold voltage shift of the double-gate operation was much smaller than that of the single-gate operation.

Electron transporting water-gated thin film transistors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Al Naim, Abdullah; Grell, Martin

2012-10-01

We demonstrate an electron-transporting water-gated thin film transistor, using thermally converted precursor-route zinc-oxide (ZnO) intrinsic semiconductors with hexamethyldisilazene (HMDS) hydrophobic surface modification. Water gated HMDS-ZnO thin film transistors (TFT) display low threshold and high electron mobility. ZnO films constitute an attractive alternative to organic semiconductors for TFT transducers in sensor applications for waterborne analytes. Despite the use of an electrolyte as gate medium, the gate geometry (shape of gate electrode and distance between gate electrode and TFT channel) is relevant for optimum performance of water-gated TFTs.

Method and Apparatus for Simultaneous Processing of Multiple Functions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stoica, Adrian (Inventor); Andrei, Radu (Inventor)

2017-01-01

Electronic logic gates that operate using N logic state levels, where N is greater than 2, and methods of operating such gates. The electronic logic gates operate according to truth tables. At least two input signals each having a logic state that can range over more than two logic states are provided to the logic gates. The logic gates each provide an output signal that can have one of N logic states. Examples of gates described include NAND/NAND gates having two inputs A and B and NAND/NAND gates having three inputs A, B, and C, where A, B and C can take any of four logic states. Systems using such gates are described, and their operation illustrated. Optical logic gates that operate using N logic state levels are also described.

Method and Apparatus for Simultaneous Processing of Multiple Functions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stoica, Adrian (Inventor); Andrei, Radu (Inventor); Zhu, David (Inventor); Mojarradi, Mohammad Mehdi (Inventor); Vo, Tuan A. (Inventor)

2015-01-01

Electronic logic gates that operate using N logic state levels, where N is greater than 2, and methods of operating such gates. The electronic logic gates operate according to truth tables. At least two input signals each having a logic state that can range over more than two logic states are provided to the logic gates. The logic gates each provide an output signal that can have one of N logic states. Examples of gates described include NAND/NAND gates having two inputs A and B and NAND/NAND gates having three inputs A, B, and C, where A, B and C can take any of four logic states. Systems using such gates are described, and their operation illustrated. Optical logic gates that operate using N logic state levels are also described.

Discharge ratings for tainter gates and roller gates at Lock and Dam No. 7 on the Mississippi River, La Crescent, Minnesota

USGS Publications Warehouse

Corsi, Steven R.; Schuler, J.G.

1995-01-01

Coefficients of discharge (Cgs) ranged fron 0.126 (hg = 1 foot) to 1.089 (hg = 10 feet) for tainter gates and from 0.050 (hg = 1 foot) to 0.302 (hg = 14 feet) for roller gates. Disch^ge was measured at three different tainter gates with the gates closed (hg = 0) to evaluate tH tainter-gate leakage-discharge relations. No measurable leakage was observed. The resulting equations can be used to compute discharge at Lock and Dam No. 7 for the tainter and re Her gates under normal flow conditions. Discharge rating tables for the tainter and roller gates are given with a headwater elevation of 639.00 feet normal pool elevation for selected tailwate" elevations and gate openings.

School outcomes of aggressive-disruptive children: prediction from kindergarten risk factors and impact of the fast track prevention program.

PubMed

Bierman, Karen L; Coie, John; Dodge, Kenneth; Greenberg, Mark; Lochman, John; McMohan, Robert; Pinderhughes, Ellen

2013-01-01

A multi-gate screening process identified 891 children with aggressive-disruptive behavior problems at school entry. Fast Track provided a multi-component preventive intervention in the context of a randomized-controlled design. In addition to psychosocial support and skill training for parents and children, the intervention included intensive reading tutoring in first grade, behavioral management consultation with teachers, and the provision of homework support (as needed) through tenth grade. This study examined the impact of the intervention, as well as the impact of the child's initial aggressive-disruptive behaviors and associated school readiness skills (cognitive ability, reading readiness, attention problems) on academic progress and educational placements during elementary school (Grades 1-4) and during the secondary school years (Grades 7-10), as well as high school graduation. Child behavior problems and skills at school entry predicted school difficulties (low grades, grade retention, placement in a self-contained classroom, behavior disorder classification, and failure to graduate). Disappointingly, intervention did not significantly improve these long-term school outcomes. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

School Outcomes of Aggressive-Disruptive Children: Prediction From Kindergarten Risk Factors and Impact of the Fast Track Prevention Program

PubMed Central

Bierman, Karen L.; Coie, John; Dodge, Kenneth; Greenberg, Mark; Lochman, John; McMohan, Robert; Pinderhughes, Ellen

2013-01-01

A multi-gate screening process identified 891 children with aggressive-disruptive behavior problems at school entry. Fast Track provided a multi-component preventive intervention in the context of a randomized-controlled design. In addition to psychosocial support and skill training for parents and children, the intervention included intensive reading tutoring in first grade, behavioral management consultation with teachers, and the provision of homework support (as needed) through tenth grade. This study examined the impact of the intervention, as well as the impact of the child's initial aggressive-disruptive behaviors and associated school readiness skills (cognitive ability, reading readiness, attention problems) on academic progress and educational placements during elementary school (Grades 1–4) and during the secondary school years (Grades 7–10), as well as high school graduation. Child behavior problems and skills at school entry predicted school difficulties (low grades, grade retention, placement in a self-contained classroom, behavior disorder classification, and failure to graduate). Disappointingly, intervention did not significantly improve these long-term school outcomes. PMID:23386568

Study on electrical defects level in single layer two-dimensional Ta2O5

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dahai, Li; Xiongfei, Song; Linfeng, Hu; Ziyi, Wang; Rongjun, Zhang; Liangyao, Chen; David, Wei Zhang; Peng, Zhou

2016-04-01

Two-dimensional atomic-layered material is a recent research focus, and single layer Ta2O5 used as gate dielectric in field-effect transistors is obtained via assemblies of Ta2O5 nanosheets. However, the electrical performance is seriously affected by electronic defects existing in Ta2O5. Therefore, spectroscopic ellipsometry is used to calculate the transition energies and corresponding probabilities for two different charged oxygen vacancies, whose existence is revealed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. Spectroscopic ellipsometry fitting also calculates the thickness of single layer Ta2O5, exhibiting good agreement with atomic force microscopy measurement. Nondestructive and noncontact spectroscopic ellipsometry is appropriate for detecting the electrical defects level of single layer Ta2O5. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11174058 and 61376093), the Fund from Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission (Grant No. 13QA1400400), the National Science and Technology Major Project, China (Grant No. 2011ZX02707), and the Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (Grant No. 12ZZ010).

Technical Note: High temporal resolution characterization of gating response time

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wiersma, Rodney D., E-mail: rwiersma@uchicago.edu; McCabe, Bradley P.; Belcher, Andrew H.

2016-06-15

Purpose: Low temporal latency between a gating ON/OFF signal and the LINAC beam ON/OFF during respiratory gating is critical for patient safety. Here the authors describe a novel method to precisely measure gating lag times at high temporal resolutions. Methods: A respiratory gating simulator with an oscillating platform was modified to include a linear potentiometer for position measurement. A photon diode was placed at linear accelerator isocenter for beam output measurement. The output signals of the potentiometer and diode were recorded simultaneously at 2500 Hz with an analog to digital converter for four different commercial respiratory gating systems. The ONmore » and OFF of the beam signal were located and compared to the expected gating window for both phase and position based gating and the temporal lag times extracted. Results: For phase based gating, a real-time position management (RPM) infrared marker tracking system with a single camera and a RPM system with a stereoscopic camera were measured to have mean gate ON/OFF lag times of 98/90 and 86/44 ms, respectively. For position based gating, an AlignRT 3D surface system and a Calypso magnetic fiducial tracking system were measured to have mean gate ON/OFF lag times of 356/529 and 209/60 ms, respectively. Conclusions: Temporal resolution of the method was high enough to allow characterization of individual gate cycles and was primary limited by the sampling speed of the data recording device. Significant variation of mean gate ON/OFF lag time was found between different gating systems. For certain gating devices, individual gating cycle lag times can vary significantly.« less

Dual-gate polysilicon nanoribbon biosensors enable high sensitivity detection of proteins.

PubMed

Zeimpekis, I; Sun, K; Hu, C; Ditshego, N M J; Thomas, O; de Planque, M R R; Chong, H M H; Morgan, H; Ashburn, P

2016-04-22

We demonstrate the advantages of dual-gate polysilicon nanoribbon biosensors with a comprehensive evaluation of different measurement schemes for pH and protein sensing. In particular, we compare the detection of voltage and current changes when top- and bottom-gate bias is applied. Measurements of pH show that a large voltage shift of 491 mV pH(-1) is obtained in the subthreshold region when the top-gate is kept at a fixed potential and the bottom-gate is varied (voltage sweep). This is an improvement of 16 times over the 30 mV pH(-1) measured using a top-gate sweep with the bottom-gate at a fixed potential. A similar large voltage shift of 175 mV is obtained when the protein avidin is sensed using a bottom-gate sweep. This is an improvement of 20 times compared with the 8.8 mV achieved from a top-gate sweep. Current measurements using bottom-gate sweeps do not deliver the same signal amplification as when using bottom-gate sweeps to measure voltage shifts. Thus, for detecting a small signal change on protein binding, it is advantageous to employ a double-gate transistor and to measure a voltage shift using a bottom-gate sweep. For top-gate sweeps, the use of a dual-gate transistor enables the current sensitivity to be enhanced by applying a negative bias to the bottom-gate to reduce the carrier concentration in the nanoribbon. For pH measurements, the current sensitivity increases from 65% to 149% and for avidin sensing it increases from 1.4% to 2.5%.

Dual-gate polysilicon nanoribbon biosensors enable high sensitivity detection of proteins

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zeimpekis, I.; Sun, K.; Hu, C.; Ditshego, N. M. J.; Thomas, O.; de Planque, M. R. R.; Chong, H. M. H.; Morgan, H.; Ashburn, P.

2016-04-01

We demonstrate the advantages of dual-gate polysilicon nanoribbon biosensors with a comprehensive evaluation of different measurement schemes for pH and protein sensing. In particular, we compare the detection of voltage and current changes when top- and bottom-gate bias is applied. Measurements of pH show that a large voltage shift of 491 mV pH-1 is obtained in the subthreshold region when the top-gate is kept at a fixed potential and the bottom-gate is varied (voltage sweep). This is an improvement of 16 times over the 30 mV pH-1 measured using a top-gate sweep with the bottom-gate at a fixed potential. A similar large voltage shift of 175 mV is obtained when the protein avidin is sensed using a bottom-gate sweep. This is an improvement of 20 times compared with the 8.8 mV achieved from a top-gate sweep. Current measurements using bottom-gate sweeps do not deliver the same signal amplification as when using bottom-gate sweeps to measure voltage shifts. Thus, for detecting a small signal change on protein binding, it is advantageous to employ a double-gate transistor and to measure a voltage shift using a bottom-gate sweep. For top-gate sweeps, the use of a dual-gate transistor enables the current sensitivity to be enhanced by applying a negative bias to the bottom-gate to reduce the carrier concentration in the nanoribbon. For pH measurements, the current sensitivity increases from 65% to 149% and for avidin sensing it increases from 1.4% to 2.5%.

ChromatoGate: A Tool for Detecting Base Mis-Calls in Multiple Sequence Alignments by Semi-Automatic Chromatogram Inspection

PubMed Central

Alachiotis, Nikolaos; Vogiatzi, Emmanouella; Pavlidis, Pavlos; Stamatakis, Alexandros

2013-01-01

Automated DNA sequencers generate chromatograms that contain raw sequencing data. They also generate data that translates the chromatograms into molecular sequences of A, C, G, T, or N (undetermined) characters. Since chromatogram translation programs frequently introduce errors, a manual inspection of the generated sequence data is required. As sequence numbers and lengths increase, visual inspection and manual correction of chromatograms and corresponding sequences on a per-peak and per-nucleotide basis becomes an error-prone, time-consuming, and tedious process. Here, we introduce ChromatoGate (CG), an open-source software that accelerates and partially automates the inspection of chromatograms and the detection of sequencing errors for bidirectional sequencing runs. To provide users full control over the error correction process, a fully automated error correction algorithm has not been implemented. Initially, the program scans a given multiple sequence alignment (MSA) for potential sequencing errors, assuming that each polymorphic site in the alignment may be attributed to a sequencing error with a certain probability. The guided MSA assembly procedure in ChromatoGate detects chromatogram peaks of all characters in an alignment that lead to polymorphic sites, given a user-defined threshold. The threshold value represents the sensitivity of the sequencing error detection mechanism. After this pre-filtering, the user only needs to inspect a small number of peaks in every chromatogram to correct sequencing errors. Finally, we show that correcting sequencing errors is important, because population genetic and phylogenetic inferences can be misled by MSAs with uncorrected mis-calls. Our experiments indicate that estimates of population mutation rates can be affected two- to three-fold by uncorrected errors. PMID:24688709

ChromatoGate: A Tool for Detecting Base Mis-Calls in Multiple Sequence Alignments by Semi-Automatic Chromatogram Inspection.

PubMed

Alachiotis, Nikolaos; Vogiatzi, Emmanouella; Pavlidis, Pavlos; Stamatakis, Alexandros

2013-01-01

Automated DNA sequencers generate chromatograms that contain raw sequencing data. They also generate data that translates the chromatograms into molecular sequences of A, C, G, T, or N (undetermined) characters. Since chromatogram translation programs frequently introduce errors, a manual inspection of the generated sequence data is required. As sequence numbers and lengths increase, visual inspection and manual correction of chromatograms and corresponding sequences on a per-peak and per-nucleotide basis becomes an error-prone, time-consuming, and tedious process. Here, we introduce ChromatoGate (CG), an open-source software that accelerates and partially automates the inspection of chromatograms and the detection of sequencing errors for bidirectional sequencing runs. To provide users full control over the error correction process, a fully automated error correction algorithm has not been implemented. Initially, the program scans a given multiple sequence alignment (MSA) for potential sequencing errors, assuming that each polymorphic site in the alignment may be attributed to a sequencing error with a certain probability. The guided MSA assembly procedure in ChromatoGate detects chromatogram peaks of all characters in an alignment that lead to polymorphic sites, given a user-defined threshold. The threshold value represents the sensitivity of the sequencing error detection mechanism. After this pre-filtering, the user only needs to inspect a small number of peaks in every chromatogram to correct sequencing errors. Finally, we show that correcting sequencing errors is important, because population genetic and phylogenetic inferences can be misled by MSAs with uncorrected mis-calls. Our experiments indicate that estimates of population mutation rates can be affected two- to three-fold by uncorrected errors.

Enhanced transconductance in a double-gate graphene field-effect transistor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hwang, Byeong-Woon; Yeom, Hye-In; Kim, Daewon; Kim, Choong-Ki; Lee, Dongil; Choi, Yang-Kyu

2018-03-01

Multi-gate transistors, such as double-gate, tri-gate and gate-all-around transistors are the most advanced Si transistor structure today. Here, a genuine double-gate transistor with a graphene channel is experimentally demonstrated. The top and bottom gates of the double-gate graphene field-effect transistor (DG GFET) are electrically connected so that the conductivity of the graphene channel can be modulated simultaneously by both the top and bottom gate. A single-gate graphene field-effect transistor (SG GFET) with only the top gate is also fabricated as a control device. For systematical analysis, the transfer characteristics of both GFETs were measured and compared. Whereas the maximum transconductance of the SG GFET was 17.1 μS/μm, that of the DG GFET was 25.7 μS/μm, which is approximately a 50% enhancement. The enhancement of the transconductance was reproduced and comprehensively explained by a physics-based compact model for GFETs. The investigation of the enhanced transfer characteristics of the DG GFET in this work shows the possibility of a multi-gate architecture for high-performance graphene transistor technology.

Spectroscopic Study of a Pulsed High-Energy Plasma Deflagration Accelerator

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Loebner, Keith; Underwood, Thomas; Mouratidis, Theodore; Cappelli, Mark

2015-11-01

Observations of broadened Balmer lines emitted by a highly-ionized transient plasma jet are presented. A gated CCD camera coupled to a high-resolution spectrometer is used to obtain chord-averaged broadening data for a complete cross section of the plasma jet, and the data is Abel inverted to derive the radial plasma density distribution. This measurement is performed over narrow gate widths and at multiple axial positions to provide high spatial and temporal resolution. A streak camera coupled to a spectrometer is used to obtain continuous-time broadening data over the entire duration of the discharge event (10-50 microseconds). Analyses of discharge characteristics and comparisons with previous work are discussed. This work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Stewardship Science Academic Program, as well as the National Defense Science Engineering Graduate Fellowship.

Low-voltage all-inorganic perovskite quantum dot transistor memory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Zhiliang; Zhang, Yating; Zhang, Heng; Yu, Yu; Song, Xiaoxian; Zhang, Haiting; Cao, Mingxuan; Che, Yongli; Jin, Lufan; Li, Yifan; Li, Qingyan; Dai, Haitao; Yang, Junbo; Yao, Jianquan

2018-05-01

An all-inorganic cesium lead halide quantum dot (QD) based Au nanoparticle (NP) floating-gate memory with a solution processed layer-by-layer method is demonstrated. Easy synthesis at room temperature and excellent stability make all-inorganic CsPbBr3 perovskite QDs suitable as a semiconductor layer in low voltage nonvolatile transistor memory. The bipolarity of QDs has both electrons and holes stored in the Au NP floating gate, resulting in bidirectional shifts of initial threshold voltage according to the applied programing and erasing pulses. Under low operation voltage (±5 V), the memory achieved a great memory window (˜2.4 V), long retention time (>105 s), and stable endurance properties after 200 cycles. So the proposed memory device based on CsPbBr3 perovskite QDs has a great potential in the flash memory market.

Field Programmable Gate Array Reliability Analysis Guidelines for Launch Vehicle Reliability Block Diagrams

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Al Hassan, Mohammad; Britton, Paul; Hatfield, Glen Spencer; Novack, Steven D.

2017-01-01

Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) integrated circuits (IC) are one of the key electronic components in today's sophisticated launch and space vehicle complex avionic systems, largely due to their superb reprogrammable and reconfigurable capabilities combined with relatively low non-recurring engineering costs (NRE) and short design cycle. Consequently, FPGAs are prevalent ICs in communication protocols and control signal commands. This paper will identify reliability concerns and high level guidelines to estimate FPGA total failure rates in a launch vehicle application. The paper will discuss hardware, hardware description language, and radiation induced failures. The hardware contribution of the approach accounts for physical failures of the IC. The hardware description language portion will discuss the high level FPGA programming languages and software/code reliability growth. The radiation portion will discuss FPGA susceptibility to space environment radiation.

Programmable resistive-switch nanowire transistor logic circuits.

PubMed

Shim, Wooyoung; Yao, Jun; Lieber, Charles M

2014-09-10

Programmable logic arrays (PLA) constitute a promising architecture for developing increasingly complex and functional circuits through nanocomputers from nanoscale building blocks. Here we report a novel one-dimensional PLA element that incorporates resistive switch gate structures on a semiconductor nanowire and show that multiple elements can be integrated to realize functional PLAs. In our PLA element, the gate coupling to the nanowire transistor can be modulated by the memory state of the resistive switch to yield programmable active (transistor) or inactive (resistor) states within a well-defined logic window. Multiple PLA nanowire elements were integrated and programmed to yield a working 2-to-4 demultiplexer with long-term retention. The well-defined, controllable logic window and long-term retention of our new one-dimensional PLA element provide a promising route for building increasingly complex circuits with nanoscale building blocks.

Gate-controlled-diodes in silicon-on-sapphire: A computer simulation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gassaway, J. D.

1974-01-01

The computer simulation of the electrical behavior of a Gate-Controlled Diode (GCD) fabricated in Silicon-On-Sapphire (SOS) was described. A procedure for determining lifetime profiles from capacitance and reverse current measurements on the GCD was established. Chapter 1 discusses the SOS structure and points out the need of lifetime profiles to assist in device design for GCD's and bipolar transistors. Chapter 2 presents the one-dimensional analytical formula for electrostatic analysis of the SOS-GCD which are useful for data interpretation and setting boundary conditions on a simplified two-dimensional analysis. Chapter 3 gives the results of a two-dimensional analysis which treats the field as one-dimensional until the silicon film is depleted and the field penetrates the sapphire substrate. Chapter 4 describes a more complete two-dimensional model and gives results of programs implementing the model.

Field effect transistor and method of construction thereof

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fletner, W. R. (Inventor)

1978-01-01

A field effect transistor is constructed by placing a semi-conductor layer on an insulating substrate so that the gate region is separated from source and drain regions. The gate electrode and gate region of the layer are of generally reduced length, the gate region being of greatest length on its surface closest to the gate electrode. This is accomplished by initially creating a relatively large gate region of one polarity, and then reversing the polarity of a central portion of this gate region by ion bombardment, thus achieving a narrower final gate region of the stated configuration.

SU-E-J-45: Design and Study of An In-House Respiratory Gating Phantom Platform for Gated Radiotherapy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Senthilkumar, S

2014-06-01

Purpose: The main purpose of this work was to develop an in-house low cost respiratory motion phantom platform for testing the accuracy of the gated radiotherapy system and analyze the dosimetric difference during gated radiotherapy. Methods: An in-house respiratory motion platform(RMP) was designed and constructed for testing the targeting accuracy of respiratory tracking system. The RMP consist of acrylic Chest Wall Platform, 2 DC motors, 4 IR sensors, speed controller circuit, 2 LED and 2 moving rods inside the RMP. The velocity of the movement can be varied from 0 to 30 cycles per minute. The platform mounted to amore » base using precision linear bearings. The base and platform are made of clear, 15mm thick polycarbonate plastic and the linear ball bearings are oriented to restrict the platform to a movement of approximately 50mm up and down with very little friction. Results: The targeting accuracy of the respiratory tracking system was evaluated using phantom with and without respiratory movement with varied amplitude. We have found the 5% dose difference to the PTV during the movement in comparison with stable PTV. The RMP can perform sinusoidal motion in 1D with fixed peak to peak motion of 5 to 50mm and cycle interval from 2 to 6 seconds. The RMP was designed to be able to simulate the gross anatomical anterior posterior motion attributable to respiration-induced motion of the thoracic region. Conclusion: The unique RMP simulates breathing providing the means to create a comprehensive program for commissioning, training, quality assurance and dose verification of gated radiotherapy treatments. Create the anterior/posterior movement of a target over a 5 to 50 mm distance to replicate tumor movement. The targeting error of the respiratory tracking system is less than 1.0 mm which shows suitable for clinical treatment with highly performance.« less

Gating the holes in the Swiss cheese (part I): Expanding professor Reason's model for patient safety.

PubMed

Seshia, Shashi S; Bryan Young, G; Makhinson, Michael; Smith, Preston A; Stobart, Kent; Croskerry, Pat

2018-02-01

Although patient safety has improved steadily, harm remains a substantial global challenge. Additionally, safety needs to be ensured not only in hospitals but also across the continuum of care. Better understanding of the complex cognitive factors influencing health care-related decisions and organizational cultures could lead to more rational approaches, and thereby to further improvement. A model integrating the concepts underlying Reason's Swiss cheese theory and the cognitive-affective biases plus cascade could advance the understanding of cognitive-affective processes that underlie decisions and organizational cultures across the continuum of care. Thematic analysis, qualitative information from several sources being used to support argumentation. Complex covert cognitive phenomena underlie decisions influencing health care. In the integrated model, the Swiss cheese slices represent dynamic cognitive-affective (mental) gates: Reason's successive layers of defence. Like firewalls and antivirus programs, cognitive-affective gates normally allow the passage of rational decisions but block or counter unsounds ones. Gates can be breached (ie, holes created) at one or more levels of organizations, teams, and individuals, by (1) any element of cognitive-affective biases plus (conflicts of interest and cognitive biases being the best studied) and (2) other potential error-provoking factors. Conversely, flawed decisions can be blocked and consequences minimized; for example, by addressing cognitive biases plus and error-provoking factors, and being constantly mindful. Informed shared decision making is a neglected but critical layer of defence (cognitive-affective gate). The integrated model can be custom tailored to specific situations, and the underlying principles applied to all methods for improving safety. The model may also provide a framework for developing and evaluating strategies to optimize organizational cultures and decisions. The concept is abstract, the model is virtual, and the best supportive evidence is qualitative and indirect. The proposed model may help enhance rational decision making across the continuum of care, thereby improving patient safety globally. © 2017 The Authors. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Gating the holes in the Swiss cheese (part I): Expanding professor Reason's model for patient safety

PubMed Central

Bryan Young, G.; Makhinson, Michael; Smith, Preston A.; Stobart, Kent; Croskerry, Pat

2017-01-01

Abstract Introduction Although patient safety has improved steadily, harm remains a substantial global challenge. Additionally, safety needs to be ensured not only in hospitals but also across the continuum of care. Better understanding of the complex cognitive factors influencing health care–related decisions and organizational cultures could lead to more rational approaches, and thereby to further improvement. Hypothesis A model integrating the concepts underlying Reason's Swiss cheese theory and the cognitive‐affective biases plus cascade could advance the understanding of cognitive‐affective processes that underlie decisions and organizational cultures across the continuum of care. Methods Thematic analysis, qualitative information from several sources being used to support argumentation. Discussion Complex covert cognitive phenomena underlie decisions influencing health care. In the integrated model, the Swiss cheese slices represent dynamic cognitive‐affective (mental) gates: Reason's successive layers of defence. Like firewalls and antivirus programs, cognitive‐affective gates normally allow the passage of rational decisions but block or counter unsounds ones. Gates can be breached (ie, holes created) at one or more levels of organizations, teams, and individuals, by (1) any element of cognitive‐affective biases plus (conflicts of interest and cognitive biases being the best studied) and (2) other potential error‐provoking factors. Conversely, flawed decisions can be blocked and consequences minimized; for example, by addressing cognitive biases plus and error‐provoking factors, and being constantly mindful. Informed shared decision making is a neglected but critical layer of defence (cognitive‐affective gate). The integrated model can be custom tailored to specific situations, and the underlying principles applied to all methods for improving safety. The model may also provide a framework for developing and evaluating strategies to optimize organizational cultures and decisions. Limitations The concept is abstract, the model is virtual, and the best supportive evidence is qualitative and indirect. Conclusions The proposed model may help enhance rational decision making across the continuum of care, thereby improving patient safety globally. PMID:29168290

On-Farm Forest Income in the United States, 2003-2012: Thoughts for Extension Programming

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McConnell, T. Eric

2016-01-01

Forest-based production on U.S. farms totaled $653.2 million in 2012, admittedly a small portion of total farm wealth. However, despite the effects of the recent economic downturn, on-farm forest product revenues still approached the gate value of North Carolina timber in 2012, which was $730.6 million. Providing the research-based information,…

Repair, Evaluation, Maintenance, and Rehabilitation Research Program. Evaluation of Existing Condition Rating Procedures for Civil Works Structures and Facilities

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-05-01

explanatory manual covering the Bureau’s policies , principles, and concepts, as well as typical on-site examinations, examination reports, and checklists...OBSERVED OPERATION) (damWod) Goeirma c~eonom of comr CONTROLS FOR GATES Picmmm ___ŕ__ Sadii m Cncd ___ IIIEW,01dGeinft condm of coane Cnb or wow of dowass

Scalable Quantum Information Processing and Applications

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-01-19

qubit logic gates, and finally emitting an entangled photon from the single- photon emitter. For the program, we proposed to demonstrate the...coherent, single photon transmitter/receiver system. These requirements included careful tailoring of the g factor for conduction band electrons in...physics required for the realization of a spin-coherent, single photon transmitter/receiver system. These requirements included careful tailoring of

Quadrennial Defense Review Report

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-02-01

medicine , and computer network operations. While we continue to employ a mix of programs and incentives to recruit quality personnel, we are also...Lithuania* Singapore Australia Finland Luxembourg* Slovakia* Austria France* Macedonia Slovenia* Azerbaijan Georgia Montenegro Spain* Belgium...20,000 positions by 2015. We will continue to significantly enhance Secretary of Defense Robert M. Gates meets with plant workers during a tour of an

Short-Term Interventions for Long-Term Needs: The Challenge of Bridging Youth and Community Development.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stephenson, Garry; Morford, Shawn; Berry, Holly

2002-01-01

The Mill City/Gates Youth Development Project operated as a youth-at-risk program in a timber-dependent community during the timber crisis of the early 1990s. Evaluations indicate the youth activities were effective. Community support structures created by the project continue to operate 5 years after the end of funding, indicating a successful…

Water and climate

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Randall, David A.

1994-01-01

The vertical profiles and temperature and moisture in convective regimes were investigated, using moist available energy as a guide. The generalized convective available potential energy observed during the Global Atmosphere Research Program's Atlantic Tropical Experiment (GATE) phase 3 was analyzed. Ice effects were included. The results have been used to develop an improved cumulus parameterization. Several reprints from the Journal of Atmospheric Sciences are appended.

Simulation Model of A Ferroelectric Field Effect Transistor

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

MacLeod, Todd C.; Ho, Fat Duen; Russell, Larry W. (Technical Monitor)

2002-01-01

An electronic simulation model has been developed of a ferroelectric field effect transistor (FFET). This model can be used in standard electrical circuit simulation programs to simulate the main characteristics of the FFET. The model uses a previously developed algorithm that incorporates partial polarization as a basis for the design. The model has the main characteristics of the FFET, which are the current hysterisis with different gate voltages and decay of the drain current when the gate voltage is off. The drain current has values matching actual FFET's, which were measured experimentally. The input and output resistance in the model is similar to that of the FFET. The model is valid for all frequencies below RF levels. A variety of different ferroelectric material characteristics can be modeled. The model can be used to design circuits using FFET'S with standard electrical simulation packages. The circuit can be used in designing non-volatile memory circuits and logic circuits and is compatible with all SPICE based circuit analysis programs. The model is a drop in library that integrates seamlessly into a SPICE simulation. A comparison is made between the model and experimental data measured from an actual FFET.

X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy of High-κ Dielectrics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mathew, A.; Demirkan, K.; Wang, C.-G.; Wilk, G. D.; Watson, D. G.; Opila, R. L.

2005-09-01

Photoelectron spectroscopy is a powerful technique for the analysis of gate dielectrics because it can determine the elemental composition, the chemical states, and the compositional depth profiles non-destructively. The sampling depth, determined by the escape depth of the photoelectrons, is comparable to the thickness of current gate oxides. A maximum entropy algorithm was used to convert photoelectron collection angle dependence of the spectra to compositional depth profiles. A nitrided hafnium silicate film is used to demonstrate the utility of the technique. The algorithm balances deviations from a simple assumed depth profile against a calculated depth profile that best fits the angular dependence of the photoelectron spectra. A flow chart of the program is included in this paper. The development of the profile is also shown as the program is iterated. Limitations of the technique include the electron escape depths and elemental sensitivity factors used to calculate the profile. The technique is also limited to profiles that extend to the depth of approximately twice the escape depth. These limitations restrict conclusions to comparison among a family of similar samples. Absolute conclusions about depths and concentrations must be used cautiously. Current work to improve the algorithm is also described.

A programmable five qubit quantum computer using trapped atomic ions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Debnath, Shantanu

2017-04-01

In order to harness the power of quantum information processing, several candidate systems have been investigated, and tailored to demonstrate only specific computations. In my thesis work, we construct a general-purpose multi-qubit device using a linear chain of trapped ion qubits, which in principle can be programmed to run any quantum algorithm. To achieve such flexibility, we develop a pulse shaping technique to realize a set of fully connected two-qubit rotations that entangle arbitrary pairs of qubits using multiple motional modes of the chain. Following a computation architecture, such highly expressive two-qubit gates along with arbitrary single-qubit rotations can be used to compile modular universal logic gates that are effected by targeted optical fields and hence can be reconfigured according to any algorithm circuit programmed in the software. As a demonstration, we run the Deutsch-Jozsa and Bernstein-Vazirani algorithm, and a fully coherent quantum Fourier transform, that we use to solve the `period finding' and `quantum phase estimation' problem. Combining these results with recent demonstrations of quantum fault-tolerance, Grover's search algorithm, and simulation of boson hopping establishes the versatility of such a computation module that can potentially be connected to other modules for future large-scale computations.

Dual-Gate p-GaN Gate High Electron Mobility Transistors for Steep Subthreshold Slope.

PubMed

Bae, Jong-Ho; Lee, Jong-Ho

2016-05-01

A steep subthreshold slope characteristic is achieved through p-GaN gate HEMT with dual-gate structure. Obtained subthreshold slope is less than 120 μV/dec. Based on the measured and simulated data obtained from single-gate device, breakdown of parasitic floating-base bipolar transistor and floating gate charged with holes are responsible to increase abruptly in drain current. In the dual-gate device, on-current degrades with high temperature but subthreshold slope is not changed. To observe the switching speed of dual-gate device and transient response of drain current are measured. According to the transient responses of drain current, switching speed of the dual-gate device is about 10(-5) sec.

Orthogonality and Burdens of Heterologous AND Gate Gene Circuits in E. coli

PubMed Central

2017-01-01

Synthetic biology approaches commonly introduce heterologous gene networks into a host to predictably program cells, with the expectation of the synthetic network being orthogonal to the host background. However, introduced circuits may interfere with the host’s physiology, either indirectly by posing a metabolic burden and/or through unintended direct interactions between parts of the circuit with those of the host, affecting functionality. Here we used RNA-Seq transcriptome analysis to quantify the interactions between a representative heterologous AND gate circuit and the host Escherichia coli under various conditions including circuit designs and plasmid copy numbers. We show that the circuit plasmid copy number outweighs circuit composition for their effect on host gene expression with medium-copy number plasmid showing more prominent interference than its low-copy number counterpart. In contrast, the circuits have a stronger influence on the host growth with a metabolic load increasing with the copy number of the circuits. Notably, we show that variation of copy number, an increase from low to medium copy, caused different types of change observed in the behavior of components in the AND gate circuit leading to the unbalance of the two gate-inputs and thus counterintuitive output attenuation. The study demonstrates the circuit plasmid copy number is a key factor that can dramatically affect the orthogonality, burden and functionality of the heterologous circuits in the host chassis. The results provide important guidance for future efforts to design orthogonal and robust gene circuits with minimal unwanted interaction and burden to their host. PMID:29240998

Rhenium Disulfide Depletion-Load Inverter

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

McClellan, Connor; Corbet, Chris; Rai, Amritesh; Movva, Hema C. P.; Tutuc, Emanuel; Banerjee, Sanjay K.

2015-03-01

Many semiconducting Transition Metal Dichalcogenide (TMD) materials have been effectively used to create Field-Effect Transistor (FET) devices but have yet to be used in logic designs. We constructed a depletion-load voltage inverter using ultrathin layers of Rhenium Disulfide (ReS2) as the semiconducting channel. This ReS2 inverter was fabricated on a single micromechanically-exfoliated flake of ReS2. Electron beam lithography and physical vapor deposition were used to construct Cr/Au electrical contacts, an Alumina top-gate dielectric, and metal top-gate electrodes. By using both low (Aluminum) and high (Palladium) work-function metals as two separate top-gates on a single ReS2 flake, we create a dual-gated depletion mode (D-mode) and enhancement mode (E-mode) FETs in series. Both FETs displayed current saturation in the output characteristics as a result of the FET ``pinch-off'' mechanism and On/Off current ratios of 105. Field-effect mobilities of 23 and 17 cm2V-1s-1 and subthreshold swings of 97 and 551 mV/decade were calculated for the E-mode and D-mode FETs, respectively. With a supply voltage of 1V, at low/negative input voltages the inverter output was at a high logic state of 900 mV. Conversely with high/positive input voltages, the inverter output was at a low logic state of 500 mV. The inversion of the input signal demonstrates the potential for using ReS2 in future integrated circuit designs and the versatility of depletion-load logic devices for TMD research. NRI SWAN Center and ARL STTR Program.

Gate-violation behavior at highway-rail grade crossings and the consequences: Using geo-Spatial modeling integrated with path analysis.

PubMed

Liu, Jun; Khattak, Asad J

2017-12-01

Drivers undertaking risky behaviors at highway-rail grade crossings are often severely injured in collisions with trains. Among these behaviors, gate-violation (referring to driving around or through the gates that were activated and lowered by an approaching train) seems to be one of the most dangerous actions a driver might take at a gated crossing; it may compromise the intended safety improvement made by adding gates at crossings. This study develops a nuanced conceptual framework that uses path analysis to explore the contributing factors to gate-violation behaviors and the correlation between gate-violation behaviors and the crash consequence - the driver injury severity. Further, using geo-spatial modeling techniques, this study explores whether the correlates of gate-violation behaviors and their associations with injury severity are stationary across diverse geographic contexts of the United States. Geo-spatial modeling shows that the correlates of gate-violation and its associations with injury severity vary substantially across the United States. Spatial variations in correlates of gate-violation and injury severity are mapped by estimating geographically weighted regressions; the maps can serve as an instrument for screening safety improvements and help identify regions that need safety improvements. For example, the results show that two-quadrant gates are more likely to have gate-violation crashes than four-quadrant gates in Iowa, Illinois, Wisconsin and Minnesota. These states may need to receive more attentions on the enforcement of inhibiting gate-violation at crossings with two-quadrant gates or have the priority over other states to upgrade these crossings to four-quadrant gates if financially feasible. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

G4-FETs as Universal and Programmable Logic Gates

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Johnson, Travis; Fijany, Amir; Mojarradi, Mohammad; Vatan, Farrokh; Toomarian, Nikzad; Kolawa, Elizabeth; Cristoloveanu, Sorin; Blalock, Benjamin

2007-01-01

An analysis of a patented generic silicon- on-insulator (SOI) electronic device called a G4-FET has revealed that the device could be designed to function as a universal and programmable logic gate. The universality and programmability could be exploited to design logic circuits containing fewer discrete components than are required for conventional transistor-based circuits performing the same logic functions. A G4-FET is a combination of a junction field-effect transistor (JFET) and a metal oxide/semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) superimposed in a single silicon island and can therefore be regarded as two transistors sharing the same body. A G4-FET can also be regarded as a single transistor having four gates: two side junction-based gates, a top MOS gate, and a back gate activated by biasing of the SOI substrate. Each of these gates can be used to control the conduction characteristics of the transistor; this possibility creates new options for designing analog, radio-frequency, mixed-signal, and digital circuitry. With proper choice of the specific dimensions for the gates, channels, and ancillary features of the generic G4-FET, the device could be made to function as a three-input, one-output logic gate. As illustrated by the truth table in the top part of the figure, the behavior of this logic gate would be the inverse (the NOT) of that of a majority gate. In other words, the device would function as a NOT-majority gate. By simply adding an inverter, one could obtain a majority gate. In contrast, to construct a majority gate in conventional complementary metal oxide/semiconductor (CMOS) circuitry, one would need four three-input AND gates and a four-input OR gate, altogether containing 32 transistors.

Comparison of gating methods for the real-time analysis of left ventricular function in nonimaging blood pool studies.

PubMed

Beard, B B; Stewart, J R; Shiavi, R G; Lorenz, C H

1995-01-01

Gating methods developed for electrocardiographic-triggered radionuclide ventriculography are being used with nonimaging detectors. These methods have not been compared on the basis of their real-time performance or suitability for determination of load-independent indexes of left ventricular function. This work evaluated the relative merits of different gating methods for nonimaging radionuclude ventriculographic studies, with particular emphasis on their suitability for real-time measurements and the determination of pressure-volume loops. A computer model was used to investigate the relative accuracy of forward gating, backward gating, and phase-mode gating. The durations of simulated left ventricular time-activity curves were randomly varied. Three acquisition parameters were considered: frame rate, acceptance window, and sample size. Twenty-five studies were performed for each combination of acquisition parameters. Hemodynamic and shape parameters from each study were compared with reference parameters derived directly from the random time-activity curves. Backward gating produced the largest errors under all conditions. For both forward gating and phase-mode gating, ejection fraction was underestimated and time to end systole and normalized peak ejection rate were overestimated. For the hemodynamic parameters, forward gating was marginally superior to phase-mode gating. The mean difference in errors between forward and phase-mode gating was 1.47% (SD 2.78%). However, for root mean square shape error, forward gating was several times worse in every case and seven times worse than phase-mode gating on average. Both forward and phase-mode gating are suitable for real-time hemodynamic measurements by nonimaging techniques. The small statistical difference between the methods is not clinically significant. The true shape of the time-activity curve is maintained most accurately by phase-mode gating.

Comparison of gating methods for the real-time analysis of left ventricular function in nonimaging blood pool studies

PubMed Central

Beard, Brian B.; Stewart, James R.; Shiavi, Richard G.; Lorenz, Christine H.

2018-01-01

Background Gating methods developed for electrocardiographic-triggered radionuclide ventriculography are being used with nonimaging detectors. These methods have not been compared on the basis of their real-time performance or suitability for determination of load-independent indexes of left ventricular function. This work evaluated the relative merits of different gating methods for nonimaging radionuclude ventriculographic studies, with particular emphasis on their suitability for real-time measurements and the determination of pressure-volume loops. Methods and Results A computer model was used to investigate the relative accuracy of forward gating, backward gating, and phase-mode gating. The durations of simulated left ventricular time-activity curves were randomly varied. Three acquisition parameters were considered: frame rate, acceptance window, and sample size. Twenty-five studies were performed for each combination of acquisition parameters. Hemodynamic and shape parameters from each study were compared with reference parameters derived directly from the random time-activity curves. Backward gating produced the largest errors under all conditions. For both forward gating and phase-mode gating, ejection fraction was underestimated and time to end systole and normalized peak ejection rate were overestimated. For the hemodynamic parameters, forward gating was marginally superior to phase-mode gating. The mean difference in errors between forward and phase-mode gating was 1.47% (SD 2.78%). However, for root mean square shape error, forward gating was several times worse in every case and seven times worse than phase-mode gating on average. Conclusions Both forward and phase-mode gating are suitable for real-time hemodynamic measurements by nonimaging techniques. The small statistical difference between the methods is not clinically significant. The true shape of the time-activity curve is maintained most accurately by phase-mode gating. PMID:9420820

Influence of gate width on gate-channel carrier mobility in AlGaN/GaN heterostructure field-effect transistors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, Ming; Ji, Qizheng; Gao, Zhiliang; Zhang, Shufeng; Lin, Zhaojun; Yuan, Yafei; Song, Bo; Mei, Gaofeng; Lu, Ziwei; He, Jihao

2017-11-01

For the fabricated AlGaN/GaN heterostructure field-effect transistors (HFETs) with different gate widths, the gate-channel carrier mobility is experimentally obtained from the measured current-voltage and capacitance-voltage curves. Under each gate voltage, the mobility gets lower with gate width increasing. Analysis shows that the phenomenon results from the polarization Coulomb field (PCF) scattering, which originates from the irregularly distributed polarization charges at the AlGaN/GaN interface. The device with a larger gate width is with a larger PCF scattering potential and a stronger PCF scattering intensity. As a function of gate width, PCF scattering potential shows a same trend with the mobility variation. And the theoretically calculated mobility values fits well with the experimentally obtained values. Varying gate widths will be a new perspective for the improvement of device characteristics by modulating the gate-channel carrier mobility.

Assistive technology and people: a position paper from the first global research, innovation and education on assistive technology (GREAT) summit.

PubMed

Desmond, Deirdre; Layton, Natasha; Bentley, Jacob; Boot, Fleur Heleen; Borg, Johan; Dhungana, Bishnu Maya; Gallagher, Pamela; Gitlow, Lynn; Gowran, Rosemary Joan; Groce, Nora; Mavrou, Katerina; Mackeogh, Trish; McDonald, Rachael; Pettersson, Cecilia; Scherer, Marcia

2018-05-17

Assistive technology (AT) is a powerful enabler of participation. The World Health Organization's Global Collaboration on Assistive Technology (GATE) programme is actively working towards access to assistive technology for all. Developed through collaborative work as a part of the Global Research, Innovation and Education on Assistive Technology (GREAT) Summit, this position paper provides a "state of the science" view of AT users, conceptualized as "People" within the set of GATE strategic "P"s. People are at the core of policy, products, personnel and provision. AT is an interface between the person and the life they would like to lead. People's preferences, perspectives and goals are fundamental to defining and determining the success of AT. Maximizing the impact of AT in enabling participation requires an individualized and holistic understanding of the value and meaning of AT for the individual, taking a universal model perspective, focusing on the person, in context, and then considering the condition and/or the technology. This paper aims to situate and emphasize people at the centre of AT systems: we highlight personal meanings and perspectives on AT use and consider the role of advocacy, empowerment and co-design in developing and driving AT processes.

Modeling and simulation of floating gate nanocrystal FET devices and circuits

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hasaneen, El-Sayed A. M.

The nonvolatile memory market has been growing very fast during the last decade, especially for mobile communication systems. The Semiconductor Industry Association International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors states that the difficult challenge for nonvolatile semiconductor memories is to achieve reliable, low power, low voltage performance and high-speed write/erase. This can be achieved by aggressive scaling of the nonvolatile memory cells. Unfortunately, scaling down of conventional nonvolatile memory will further degrade the retention time due to the charge loss between the floating gate and drain/source contacts and substrate which makes conventional nonvolatile memory unattractive. Using nanocrystals as charge storage sites reduces dramatically the charge leakage through oxide defects and drain/source contacts. Floating gate nanocrystal nonvolatile memory, FG-NCNVM, is a candidate for future memory because it is advantageous in terms of high-speed write/erase, small size, good scalability, low-voltage, low-power applications, and the capability to store multiple bits per cell. Many studies regarding FG-NCNVMs have been published. Most of them have dealt with fabrication improvements of the devices and device characterizations. Due to the promising FG-NCNVM applications in integrated circuits, there is a need for circuit a simulation model to simulate the electrical characteristics of the floating gate devices. In this thesis, a FG-NCNVM circuit simulation model has been proposed. It is based on the SPICE BSIM simulation model. This model simulates the cell behavior during normal operation. Model validation results have been presented. The SPICE model shows good agreement with experimental results. Current-voltage characteristics, transconductance and unity gain frequency (fT) have been studied showing the effect of the threshold voltage shift (DeltaVth) due to nanocrystal charge on the device characteristics. The threshold voltage shift due to nanocrystal charge has a strong effect on the memory characteristics. Also, the programming operation of the memory cell has been investigated. The tunneling rate from quantum well channel to quantum dot (nanocrystal) gate is calculated. The calculations include various memory parameters, wavefunctions, and energies of quantum well channel and quantum dot gate. The use of floating gate nanocrystal memory as a transistor with a programmable threshold voltage has been demonstrated. The incorporation of FG-NCFETs to design programmable integrated circuit building blocks has been discussed. This includes the design of programmable current and voltage reference circuits. Finally, we demonstrated the design of tunable gain op-amp incorporating FG-NCFETs. Programmable integrated circuit building blocks can be used in intelligent analog and digital systems.

Full equations utilities (FEQUTL) model for the approximation of hydraulic characteristics of open channels and control structures during unsteady flow

USGS Publications Warehouse

Franz, Delbert D.; Melching, Charles S.

1997-01-01

The Full EQuations UTiLities (FEQUTL) model is a computer program for computation of tables that list the hydraulic characteristics of open channels and control structures as a function of upstream and downstream depths; these tables facilitate the simulation of unsteady flow in a stream system with the Full Equations (FEQ) model. Simulation of unsteady flow requires many iterations for each time period computed. Thus, computation of hydraulic characteristics during the simulations is impractical, and preparation of function tables and application of table look-up procedures facilitates simulation of unsteady flow. Three general types of function tables are computed: one-dimensional tables that relate hydraulic characteristics to upstream flow depth, two-dimensional tables that relate flow through control structures to upstream and downstream flow depth, and three-dimensional tables that relate flow through gated structures to upstream and downstream flow depth and gate setting. For open-channel reaches, six types of one-dimensional function tables contain different combinations of the top width of flow, area, first moment of area with respect to the water surface, conveyance, flux coefficients, and correction coefficients for channel curvilinearity. For hydraulic control structures, one type of one-dimensional function table contains relations between flow and upstream depth, and two types of two-dimensional function tables contain relations among flow and upstream and downstream flow depths. For hydraulic control structures with gates, a three-dimensional function table lists the system of two-dimensional tables that contain the relations among flow and upstream and downstream flow depths that correspond to different gate openings. Hydraulic control structures for which function tables containing flow relations are prepared in FEQUTL include expansions, contractions, bridges, culverts, embankments, weirs, closed conduits (circular, rectangular, and pipe-arch shapes), dam failures, floodways, and underflow gates (sluice and tainter gates). The theory for computation of the hydraulic characteristics is presented for open channels and for each hydraulic control structure. For the hydraulic control structures, the theory is developed from the results of experimental tests of flow through the structure for different upstream and downstream flow depths. These tests were done to describe flow hydraulics for a single, steady-flow design condition and, thus, do not provide complete information on flow transitions (for example, between free- and submerged-weir flow) that may result in simulation of unsteady flow. Therefore, new procedures are developed to approximate the hydraulics of flow transitions for culverts, embankments, weirs, and underflow gates.

Respiratory gating based on internal electromagnetic motion monitoring during stereotactic liver radiation therapy: First results.

PubMed

Poulsen, Per Rugaard; Worm, Esben Schjødt; Hansen, Rune; Larsen, Lars Peter; Grau, Cai; Høyer, Morten

2015-01-01

Intrafraction motion may compromise the target dose in stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) of tumors in the liver. Respiratory gating can improve the treatment delivery, but gating based on an external surrogate signal may be inaccurate. This is the first paper reporting on respiratory gating based on internal electromagnetic monitoring during liver SBRT. Two patients with solitary liver metastases were treated with respiratory-gated SBRT guided by three implanted electromagnetic transponders. The treatment was delivered in end-exhale with beam-on when the centroid of the three transponders deviated less than 3 mm [left-right (LR) and anterior-posterior (AP) directions] and 4mm [cranio-caudal (CC)] from the planned position. For each treatment fraction, log files were used to determine the transponder motion during beam-on in the actual gated treatments and in simulated treatments without gating. The motion was used to reconstruct the dose to the clinical target volume (CTV) with and without gating. The reduction in D95 (minimum dose to 95% of the CTV) relative to the plan was calculated for both treatment courses. With gating the maximum course mean (standard deviation) geometrical error in any direction was 1.2 mm (1.8 mm). Without gating the course mean error would mainly increase for Patient 1 [to -2.8 mm (1.6 mm) (LR), 7.1 mm (5.8 mm) (CC), -2.6 mm (2.8mm) (AP)] due to a large systematic cranial baseline drift at each fraction. The errors without gating increased only slightly for Patient 2. The reduction in CTV D95 was 0.5% (gating) and 12.1% (non-gating) for Patient 1 and 0.3% (gating) and 1.7% (non-gating) for Patient 2. The mean duty cycle was 55%. Respiratory gating based on internal electromagnetic motion monitoring was performed for two liver SBRT patients. The gating added robustness to the dose delivery and ensured a high CTV dose even in the presence of large intrafraction motion.

Reading Gate Positions with a Smartphone

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

van Overloop, Peter-Jules; Hut, Rolf

2015-04-01

Worldwide many flow gates are built in water networks in order to direct water to appropriate locations. Most of these gates are adjusted manually by field operators of water management organizations and it is often centrally not known what the new position of the gate is. This makes centralized management of the entire water network difficult. One of the reasons why the measurement of the gate position is usually not executed, is that for certain gates it is not easy to do such a reading. Tilting weirs or radial gates are examples where operators need special equipment (measuring rod and long level) to determine the position and it could even be a risky procedure. Another issue is that once the measurement is done, the value is jotted down in a notebook and later, at the office, entered in a computer system. So the entire monitoring procedure is not real-time and prone to human errors. A new way of monitoring gate positions is introduced. It consists of a level that is attached to the gate and an app with which a picture can be taken from the level. Using dedicated pattern recognition algorithms, the gate position can be read by using the angle of the level versus reference points on the gate, the radius of that gate and the absolute level of the joint around which the gate turn. The method uses gps-localization of the smartphone to store the gate position in the right location in the central database.

Undergraduate computational physics projects on quantum computing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Candela, D.

2015-08-01

Computational projects on quantum computing suitable for students in a junior-level quantum mechanics course are described. In these projects students write their own programs to simulate quantum computers. Knowledge is assumed of introductory quantum mechanics through the properties of spin 1/2. Initial, more easily programmed projects treat the basics of quantum computation, quantum gates, and Grover's quantum search algorithm. These are followed by more advanced projects to increase the number of qubits and implement Shor's quantum factoring algorithm. The projects can be run on a typical laptop or desktop computer, using most programming languages. Supplementing resources available elsewhere, the projects are presented here in a self-contained format especially suitable for a short computational module for physics students.

High-fidelity gates in quantum dot spin qubits

PubMed Central

Koh, Teck Seng; Coppersmith, S. N.; Friesen, Mark

2013-01-01

Several logical qubits and quantum gates have been proposed for semiconductor quantum dots controlled by voltages applied to top gates. The different schemes can be difficult to compare meaningfully. Here we develop a theoretical framework to evaluate disparate qubit-gating schemes on an equal footing. We apply the procedure to two types of double-dot qubits: the singlet–triplet and the semiconducting quantum dot hybrid qubit. We investigate three quantum gates that flip the qubit state: a DC pulsed gate, an AC gate based on logical qubit resonance, and a gate-like process known as stimulated Raman adiabatic passage. These gates are all mediated by an exchange interaction that is controlled experimentally using the interdot tunnel coupling g and the detuning ϵ, which sets the energy difference between the dots. Our procedure has two steps. First, we optimize the gate fidelity (f) for fixed g as a function of the other control parameters; this yields an that is universal for different types of gates. Next, we identify physical constraints on the control parameters; this yields an upper bound that is specific to the qubit-gate combination. We show that similar gate fidelities should be attainable for singlet-triplet qubits in isotopically purified Si, and for hybrid qubits in natural Si. Considerably lower fidelities are obtained for GaAs devices, due to the fluctuating magnetic fields ΔB produced by nuclear spins. PMID:24255105

SU-E-T-439: Fundamental Verification of Respiratory-Gated Spot Scanning Proton Beam Therapy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hamano, H; Yamakawa, T; Hayashi, N

Purpose: The spot-scanning proton beam irradiation with respiratory gating technique provides quite well dose distribution and requires both dosimetric and geometric verification prior to clinical implementation. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of gating irradiation as a fundamental verification. Methods: We evaluated field width, flatness, symmetry, and penumbra in the gated and non-gated proton beams. The respiration motion was distinguished into 3 patterns: 10, 20, and 30 mm. We compared these contents between the gated and non-gated beams. A 200 MeV proton beam from PROBEAT-III unit (Hitachi Co.Ltd) was used in this study. Respiratory gating irradiationmore » was performed by Quasar phantom (MODUS medical devices) with a combination of dedicated respiratory gating system (ANZAI Medical Corporation). For radiochromic film dosimetry, the calibration curve was created with Gafchromic EBT3 film (Ashland) on FilmQA Pro 2014 (Ashland) as film analysis software. Results: The film was calibrated at the middle of spread out Bragg peak in passive proton beam. The field width, flatness and penumbra in non-gated proton irradiation with respiratory motion were larger than those of reference beam without respiratory motion: the maximum errors of the field width, flatness and penumbra in respiratory motion of 30 mm were 1.75% and 40.3% and 39.7%, respectively. The errors of flatness and penumbra in gating beam (motion: 30 mm, gating rate: 25%) were 0.0% and 2.91%, respectively. The results of symmetry in all proton beams with gating technique were within 0.6%. Conclusion: The field width, flatness, symmetry and penumbra were improved with the gating technique in proton beam. The spot scanning proton beam with gating technique is feasible for the motioned target.« less

Unifying Gate Synthesis and Magic State Distillation.

PubMed

Campbell, Earl T; Howard, Mark

2017-02-10

The leading paradigm for performing a computation on quantum memories can be encapsulated as distill-then-synthesize. Initially, one performs several rounds of distillation to create high-fidelity magic states that provide one good T gate, an essential quantum logic gate. Subsequently, gate synthesis intersperses many T gates with Clifford gates to realize a desired circuit. We introduce a unified framework that implements one round of distillation and multiquibit gate synthesis in a single step. Typically, our method uses the same number of T gates as conventional synthesis but with the added benefit of quadratic error suppression. Because of this, one less round of magic state distillation needs to be performed, leading to significant resource savings.

Quantum computing gates via optimal control

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Atia, Yosi; Elias, Yuval; Mor, Tal; Weinstein, Yossi

2014-10-01

We demonstrate the use of optimal control to design two entropy-manipulating quantum gates which are more complex than the corresponding, commonly used, gates, such as CNOT and Toffoli (CCNOT): A two-qubit gate called polarization exchange (PE) and a three-qubit gate called polarization compression (COMP) were designed using GRAPE, an optimal control algorithm. Both gates were designed for a three-spin system. Our design provided efficient and robust nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) radio frequency (RF) pulses for 13C2-trichloroethylene (TCE), our chosen three-spin system. We then experimentally applied these two quantum gates onto TCE at the NMR lab. Such design of these gates and others could be relevant for near-future applications of quantum computing devices.

Simulation and video animation of canal flushing created by a tide gate

USGS Publications Warehouse

Schoellhamer, David H.

1988-01-01

A tide-gate algorithm was added to a one-dimensional unsteady flow model that was calibrated, verified, and used to determine the locations of as many as five tide gates that would maximize flushing in two canal systems. Results from the flow model were used to run a branched Lagrangian transport model to simulate the flushing of a conservative constituent from the canal systems both with and without tide gates. A tide gate produces a part-time riverine flow through the canal system that improves flushing along the flow path created by the tide gate. Flushing with no tide gates and with a single optimally located tide gate are shown with a video animation.

Side-gate modulation effects on high-quality BN-Graphene-BN nanoribbon capacitors

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wang, Yang; Chen, Xiaolong; Ye, Weiguang

High-quality BN-Graphene-BN nanoribbon capacitors with double side-gates of graphene have been experimentally realized. The double side-gates can effectively modulate the electronic properties of graphene nanoribbon capacitors. By applying anti-symmetric side-gate voltages, we observed significant upward shifting and flattening of the V-shaped capacitance curve near the charge neutrality point. Symmetric side-gate voltages, however, only resulted in tilted upward shifting along the opposite direction of applied gate voltages. These modulation effects followed the behavior of graphene nanoribbons predicted theoretically for metallic side-gate modulation. The negative quantum capacitance phenomenon predicted by numerical simulations for graphene nanoribbons modulated by graphene side-gates was not observed,more » possibly due to the weakened interactions between the graphene nanoribbon and side-gate electrodes caused by the Ga{sup +} beam etching process.« less

Extraction of the gate capacitance coupling coefficient in floating gate non-volatile memories: Statistical study of the effect of mismatching between floating gate memory and reference transistor in dummy cell extraction methods

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rafhay, Quentin; Beug, M. Florian; Duane, Russell

2007-04-01

This paper presents an experimental comparison of dummy cell extraction methods of the gate capacitance coupling coefficient for floating gate non-volatile memory structures from different geometries and technologies. These results show the significant influence of mismatching floating gate devices and reference transistors on the extraction of the gate capacitance coupling coefficient. In addition, it demonstrates the accuracy of the new bulk bias dummy cell extraction method and the importance of the β function, introduced recently in [Duane R, Beug F, Mathewson A. Novel capacitance coupling coefficient measurement methodology for floating gate non-volatile memory devices. IEEE Electr Dev Lett 2005;26(7):507-9], to determine matching pairs of floating gate memory and reference transistor.

Gate sequence for continuous variable one-way quantum computation

PubMed Central

Su, Xiaolong; Hao, Shuhong; Deng, Xiaowei; Ma, Lingyu; Wang, Meihong; Jia, Xiaojun; Xie, Changde; Peng, Kunchi

2013-01-01

Measurement-based one-way quantum computation using cluster states as resources provides an efficient model to perform computation and information processing of quantum codes. Arbitrary Gaussian quantum computation can be implemented sufficiently by long single-mode and two-mode gate sequences. However, continuous variable gate sequences have not been realized so far due to an absence of cluster states larger than four submodes. Here we present the first continuous variable gate sequence consisting of a single-mode squeezing gate and a two-mode controlled-phase gate based on a six-mode cluster state. The quantum property of this gate sequence is confirmed by the fidelities and the quantum entanglement of two output modes, which depend on both the squeezing and controlled-phase gates. The experiment demonstrates the feasibility of implementing Gaussian quantum computation by means of accessible gate sequences.

Topologically protected gates for quantum computation with non-Abelian anyons in the Pfaffian quantum Hall state

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Georgiev, Lachezar S.

2006-12-01

We extend the topological quantum computation scheme using the Pfaffian quantum Hall state, which has been recently proposed by Das Sarma , in a way that might potentially allow for the topologically protected construction of a universal set of quantum gates. We construct, for the first time, a topologically protected controlled-NOT gate, which is entirely based on quasihole braidings of Pfaffian qubits. All single-qubit gates, except for the π/8 gate, are also explicitly implemented by quasihole braidings. Instead of the π/8 gate we try to construct a topologically protected Toffoli gate, in terms of the controlled-phase gate and CNOT or by a braid-group-based controlled-controlled- Z precursor. We also give a topologically protected realization of the Bravyi-Kitaev two-qubit gate g3 .

RRR for NNN-a rapid research response for the Neglected Tropical Disease NGDO Network: a novel framework to challenges faced by the global programs targeting neglected tropical diseases.

PubMed

Toledo, Chelsea E; Jacobson, Julie; Wainwright, Emily C; Ottesen, Eric A; Lammie, Patrick J

2016-03-01

While global programs targeting the control or elimination of five of the neglected tropical diseases (NTDs)-lymphatic filariasis, onchocerciasis, soil-transmitted helminthiasis, schistosomiasis and trachoma-are well underway, they still face many operational challenges. Because of the urgency of 2020 program targets, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the U.S. Agency for International Development devised a novel rapid research response (RRR) framework to engage national programs, researchers, implementers and WHO in a Coalition for Operational Research on NTDs. After 2 years, this effort has succeeded as an important basis for the research response to programmatic challenges facing NTD programs. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.

Effect of top gate potential on bias-stress for dual gate amorphous indium-gallium-zinc-oxide thin film transistor

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chun, Minkyu; Um, Jae Gwang; Park, Min Sang

We report the abnormal behavior of the threshold voltage (V{sub TH}) shift under positive bias Temperature stress (PBTS) and negative bias temperature stress (NBTS) at top/bottom gate in dual gate amorphous indium-gallium-zinc-oxide (a-IGZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs). It is found that the PBTS at top gate shows negative transfer shift and NBTS shows positive transfer shift for both top and bottom gate sweep. The shift of bottom/top gate sweep is dominated by top gate bias (V{sub TG}), while bottom gate bias (V{sub BG}) is less effect than V{sub TG}. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) depth profile provides the evidence of Inmore » metal diffusion to the top SiO{sub 2}/a-IGZO and also the existence of large amount of In{sup +} under positive top gate bias around top interfaces, thus negative transfer shift is observed. On the other hand, the formation of OH{sup −} at top interfaces under the stress of negative top gate bias shows negative transfer shift. The domination of V{sub TG} both on bottom/top gate sweep after PBTS/NBTS is obviously occurred due to thin active layer.« less

SU-C-210-03: Impact of Breathing Irregularities On Gated Treatments

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Schiuma, D; Arheit, M; Schmelzer, P

2015-06-15

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of breathing irregularities on target location in gated treatments using amplitude and phase gating. Methods: 111 breathing patterns acquired using RPM system were categorized based on period and amplitude STD as regular (STD period ≤ 0.5 s, STD amplitude ≤ 1.5 mm), medium (0.5 s < STD period ≤ 1 s, 1.5 mm < STD amplitude ≤ 3 mm) and irregular (STD period > 1 s, STD amplitude > 3 mm). One pattern representative of the average defined population was selected per category and corresponding target motion reproduced using Quasar Respiratory Motion Phantom. Phantom inmore » motion underwent 4D-CT scan with phase reconstruction. Gated window was defined at end of exhale and DRRs reconstructed in treatment planning at 40% (beam on) and 60% phase (beam off). Target location uncertainty was assessed by comparing gated kV triggered images continuously acquired at beam on/off on a True Beam 2.0 with corresponding DRRs. Results: Average target uncertainty with amplitude gating was in [0.4 – 1.9] mm range for the different scenarios with maximum STD of 1.2 mm for the irregular pattern. Average target uncertainty with phase gating was [1.1 – 2.2] mm for regular and medium patterns, while it increased to [3.6 – 9.6] mm for the irregular pattern. Live gated motion was stable with amplitude gating, while increasing with phase gating for the irregular pattern. Treatment duration range was [68 – 160] s with amplitude and [70 – 74] s with phase gating. Conclusion: Breathing irregularities were found to affect gated treatments only when using phase gating. For regular and medium patterns no significant difference was found between the two gating strategies. Amplitude gating ensured stable gated motion within the different patterns, thus reducing intra-fraction target location variability for the irregular pattern and resulting in longer treatment duration.« less

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jermoumi, M; Cao, D; Housley, D

Purpose: In this study, we evaluated the performance of an Elekta linac in the delivery of gated radiotherapy. We examined whether the use of either a short gating window or a long beam hold impacts the accuracy of the delivery Methods: The performance of an Elekta linac in the delivery of gated radiotherapy was assessed using a 20cmX 20cm open field with the radiation delivered using a range of beam-on and beam-off time periods. Two SBRT plans were used to examine the accuracy of gated beam delivery for clinical treatment plans. For the SBRT cases, tests were performed for bothmore » free-breathing based gating and for gated delivery with a simulated breath-hold. A MatriXX 2D ion chamber array was used for data collection, and the gating accuracy was evaluated using gamma score. Results: For the 20cmX20cm open field, the gated beam delivery agreed closely with the non-gated delivery results. Discrepancies in the agreement, however, began to appear with a 5-to-1 ratio of the beam-off to beam-on. For these tight gating windows, each beam-on segment delivered a small number of monitor units. This finding was confirmed with dose distribution analysis from the delivery of the two VMAT plans where the gamma score(±1%,2%/1mm) showed passing rates in the range of 95% to 100% for gating windows of 25%, 38%, 50%, 63%, 75%, and 83%. Using a simulated sinusoidal breathing signal with a 4 second period, the gamma score of freebreathing gating and breath-hold gating deliveries were measured in the range of 95.7% to 100%. Conclusion: The results demonstrate that Elekta linacs can be used to accurately deliver respiratory gated treatments for both free-breathing and breath-hold patients. The accuracy of beams delivered in a gated delivery mode at low small MU proved higher than similar deliveries performed in a non-gated (manually interrupted) fashion.« less