Detergents enhance EspB secretion from Escherichia coli strains harboring the locus for the enterocyte effacement (LEE) gene.

PubMed

Nakasone, Noboru; Toma, Claudia; Higa, Naomi; Koizumi, Yukiko; Ogura, Yasunori; Suzuki, Toshihiko

2011-02-01

The effects of detergents (cholic acid, deoxycholic acid, Triton X-100, and Nonidet P-40) on the secretion of EspB from the locus for enterocyte effacement (LEE) gene-positive Escherichia coli strains were examined. Clinical isolates of eight EPEC strains and seven STEC strains were used to detect EspB after they had been cultivated in Luria-Bertani (LB) broth containing one of the detergents. When the bacteria were cultured in LB broth supplemented with one of the detergents, the amount of EspB produced was increased by 2-32-fold depending on the detergent and the strain used. EspB was detected in all strains when they were cultured in LB broth containing all of the detergents. The results obtained in this study can be applied to immunological diagnostic methods for detecting EspB and also to the production of EspB for research purposes. © 2010 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd. All rights reserved.

A secretome view of colonisation factors in Shiga toxin-encoding Escherichia coli (STEC): from enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) to related enteropathotypes.

PubMed

Monteiro, Ricardo; Ageorges, Valentin; Rojas-Lopez, Maricarmen; Schmidt, Herbert; Weiss, Agnes; Bertin, Yolande; Forano, Evelyne; Jubelin, Grégory; Henderson, Ian R; Livrelli, Valérie; Gobert, Alain P; Rosini, Roberto; Soriani, Marco; Desvaux, Mickaël

2016-08-01

Shiga toxin-encoding Escherichia coli (STEC) regroup strains that carry genes encoding Shiga toxin (Stx). Among intestinal pathogenic E. coli, enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) constitute the major subgroup of virulent STEC. EHEC cause serious human disease such as haemorrhagic colitis and haemolytic-uremic syndrome. While EHEC have evolved from enteropathogenic E. coli, hybrids with enteroaggregative E. coli have recently emerged. Of note, some enteroinvasive E. coli also belong to the STEC group. While the LEE (locus of enterocyte effacement) is a key and prominent molecular determinant in the pathogenicity, neither all EHEC nor STEC contain the LEE, suggesting that they possess additional virulence and colonisation factors. Currently, nine protein secretion systems have been described in diderm-lipopolysaccharide bacteria (archetypal Gram-negative) and can be involved in the secretion of extracellular effectors, cell-surface proteins or assembly of cell-surface organelles, such as flagella or pili. In this review, we focus on the secretome of STEC and related enteropathotypes, which are relevant to the colonisation of biotic and abiotic surfaces. Considering the wealth of potential protein trafficking mechanisms, the different combinations of colonisation factors and modulation of their expression is further emphasised with regard to the ecophysiology of STEC. © FEMS 2016. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Engineering the Controlled Assembly of Filamentous Injectisomes in E. coli K-12 for Protein Translocation into Mammalian Cells.

PubMed

Ruano-Gallego, David; Álvarez, Beatriz; Fernández, Luis Ángel

2015-09-18

Bacterial pathogens containing type III protein secretion systems (T3SS) assemble large needle-like protein complexes in the bacterial envelope, called injectisomes, for translocation of protein effectors into host cells. The application of these "molecular syringes" for the injection of proteins into mammalian cells is hindered by their structural and genomic complexity, requiring multiple polypeptides encoded along with effectors in various transcriptional units (TUs) with intricate regulation. In this work, we have rationally designed the controlled expression of the filamentous injectisomes found in enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) in the nonpathogenic strain E. coli K-12. All structural components of EPEC injectisomes, encoded in a genomic island called the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE), were engineered in five TUs (eLEEs) excluding effectors, promoters and transcriptional regulators. These eLEEs were placed under the control of the IPTG-inducible promoter Ptac and integrated into specific chromosomal sites of E. coli K-12 using a marker-less strategy. The resulting strain, named synthetic injector E. coli (SIEC), assembles filamentous injectisomes similar to those in EPEC. SIEC injectisomes form pores in the host plasma membrane and are able to translocate T3-substrate proteins (e.g., translocated intimin receptor, Tir) into the cytoplasm of HeLa cells reproducing the phenotypes of intimate attachment and polymerization of actin-pedestals elicited by EPEC bacteria. Hence, SIEC strain allows the controlled expression of functional filamentous injectisomes for efficient translocation of proteins with T3S-signals into mammalian cells.

Investigation and control of an attaching and effacing Escherichia coli outbreak in a colony of captive budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus).

PubMed

Seeley, Kathryn E; Baitchman, Eric; Bartlett, Susan; DebRoy, Chitrita; Garner, Michael M

2014-12-01

An increase in mortality in a captive flock of budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) coincided with the isolation of attaching and effacing Escherichia coli from postmortem samples. Common histologic lesions included hepatitis, enteritis, and in one case attaching and effacing lesions along the intestinal tract. Retrospective review of necropsy records and increased sampling led to the identification of several cases of E. coli with the attaching and effacing (eae) virulence gene. Factors such as environment, nutrition, and concomitant pathogens were thought to contribute to mortality in the flock. Although it is not clear whether E. coli was a primary pathogen during the period of increased mortality, the presence of the eae gene combined with associated histologic lesions supports the conclusion that this organism was a significant contributor to mortality. Manipulation of diet, environment, and the addition of probiotic supplementation resulted in a decline in mortality rate and decreased shedding of E. coli based on negative follow-up cultures of intestines, liver, and feces.

Assessing the relative contributions of EspA and CsgA in cellular adherence and biofilm formation of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

In enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 (O157), the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) encodes a type III secretion system with an extracellular filamentous structure consisting of the polymerized translocator protein EspA. The EspA filaments provide transient interactions between bacterial ...

LEE-encoded regulator (Ler) mutants elicit serotype-specific protection, but not cross protection, against attaching and effacing E. coli strains.

PubMed

Zhu, C; Feng, S; Yang, Z; Davis, K; Rios, H; Kaper, J B; Boedeker, E C

2007-02-26

We previously showed that single dose orogastric immunization with an attenuated regulatory Lee-encoded regulator (ler) mutant of the rabbit enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (REPEC) strain E22 (O103:H2) protected rabbits from fatal infection with the highly virulent parent strain. In the current study we assessed the degree of homologous (serotype-specific) and heterologous (cross-serotype) protection induced by immunization with REPEC ler mutant strains of differing serotypes, or with a prototype strain RDEC-1 (O15:H-) which expresses a full array of ler up-regulated proteins. We constructed an additional ler mutant using RDEC-1 thus, permitting immunization with a ler mutant of either serotype, O15 or O103, followed by challenge with a virulent REPEC strain of the same or different serotypes. Consistent with our previous data, the current study demonstrated that rabbits immunized with a RDEC-1 ler mutant were protected from challenge with virulent RDEC-H19A (RDEC-1 transduced with Shiga toxin-producing phage H19A) of the same serotype. Rabbits immunized with RDEC-1 or E22 derivative ler mutants demonstrated significant increase in serum antibody titers to the respective whole bacterial cells expressing O antigen but not to the LEE-encoded proteins. However, immunization with the ler mutants of either E22 or RDEC-1 failed to protect rabbits from infections with virulent organisms belonging to different serotypes. In contrast, rabbits immunized with the prototype RDEC-1 were cross protected against challenge with the heterologous E22 strain as shown by normal weight gain, and the absence of clinical signs of disease or characteristic attaching and effacing (A/E) lesions. Immunization with RDEC-1 induced significantly elevated serum IgG titers to LEE-encoded proteins. We thus, demonstrated homologous protection induced by the REPEC ler mutants and heterologous protection by RDEC-1. The observed correlation between elevated immune responses to the LEE-encoded proteins and the protection against challenge with heterologous virulent REPEC strain suggests that serotype-non-specific cross protection requires the expression of, and induction of antibody to, LEE-encoded virulence factors.

Genome Sequence of the Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Strain NCCP15657

PubMed Central

Kim, Byung Kwon; Song, Geun Cheol; Hong, Gun Hyong; Seong, Won-Keun; Kim, Seon-Young; Jeong, Haeyoung; Kang, Sung Gyun; Kwon, Soon-Kyeong; Lee, Choong Hoon; Song, Ju Yeon; Yu, Dong Su; Park, Mi-Sun

2012-01-01

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli causes bloody diarrhea and hemolytic-uremic syndrome and serious outbreaks worldwide. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of E. coli NCCP15657 isolated from a patient. The genome has virulence genes, many in the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) island, encoding a metalloprotease, the Shiga toxin, and constituents of type III secretion. PMID:22740674

Correlating levels of type III secretion and secreted proteins with fecal shedding of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in cattle.

PubMed

Sharma, V K; Sacco, R E; Kunkle, R A; Bearson, S M D; Palmquist, D E

2012-04-01

The locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) of Escherichia coli O157:H7 (O157) encodes a type III secretion system (T3SS) for secreting LEE-encoded and non-LEE-encoded virulence proteins that promote the adherence of O157 to intestinal epithelial cells and the persistence of this food-borne human pathogen in bovine intestines. In this study, we compared hha sepB and hha mutants of O157 for LEE transcription, T3SS activity, adherence to HEp-2 cells, persistence in bovine intestines, and the ability to induce changes in the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. LEE transcription was upregulated in the hha sepB and hha mutant strains compared to that in the wild-type strain, but the secretion of virulence proteins in the hha sepB mutant was severely compromised. This reduced secretion resulted in reduced adherence of the hha sepB mutant to Hep-2 cells, correlating with a significantly shorter duration and lower magnitude of fecal shedding in feces of weaned (n = 4 per group) calves inoculated with this mutant strain. The levels of LEE transcription, T3SS activity, and adherence to HEp-2 cells were much lower in the wild-type strain than in the hha mutant, but no significant differences were observed in the duration or the magnitude of fecal shedding in calves inoculated with these strains. Examination of the rectoanal junction (RAJ) tissues from three groups of calves showed no adherent O157 bacteria and similar proinflammatory cytokine gene expression, irrespective of the inoculated strain, with the exception that interleukin-1β was upregulated in calves inoculated with the hha sepB mutant. These results indicate that the T3SS is essential for intestinal colonization and prolonged shedding, but increased secretion of virulence proteins did not enhance the duration and magnitude of fecal shedding of O157 in cattle or have any significant impact on the cytokine gene expression in RAJ tissue compared with that in small intestinal tissue from the same calves.

Surface Structures Involved in Plant Stomata and Leaf Colonization by Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia Coli O157:H7

PubMed Central

Saldaña, Zeus; Sánchez, Ethel; Xicohtencatl-Cortes, Juan; Puente, Jose Luis; Girón, Jorge A.

2011-01-01

Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) O157:H7 uses a myriad of surface adhesive appendages including pili, flagella, and the type 3 secretion system (T3SS) to adhere to and inflict damage to the human gut mucosa. Consumption of contaminated ground beef, milk, juices, water, or leafy greens has been associated with outbreaks of diarrheal disease in humans due to STEC. The aim of this study was to investigate which of the known STEC O157:H7 adherence factors mediate colonization of baby spinach leaves and where the bacteria reside within tainted leaves. We found that STEC O157:H7 colonizes baby spinach leaves through the coordinated production of curli, the E. coli common pilus, hemorrhagic coli type 4 pilus, flagella, and T3SS. Electron microscopy analysis of tainted leaves revealed STEC bacteria in the internal cavity of the stomata, in intercellular spaces, and within vascular tissue (xylem and phloem), where the bacteria were protected from the bactericidal effect of gentamicin, sodium hypochlorite or ozonated water treatments. We confirmed that the T3S escN mutant showed a reduced number of bacteria within the stomata suggesting that T3S is required for the successful colonization of leaves. In agreement, non-pathogenic E. coli K-12 strain DH5α transformed with a plasmid carrying the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) pathogenicity island, harboring the T3SS and effector genes, internalized into stomata more efficiently than without the LEE. This study highlights a role for pili, flagella, and T3SS in the interaction of STEC with spinach leaves. Colonization of plant stomata and internal tissues may constitute a strategy by which STEC survives in a nutrient-rich microenvironment protected from external foes and may be a potential source for human infection. PMID:21887151

C. elegans as a Model for EPEC Infection

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-11-30

Salmonella enterica, an invasive diarrheal pathogen, Yersinia pestis, the agent causing bubonic plague, and Chlamydia pneumoniae, which has been implicated...2003 - 8/31/2005 2 Background Our laboratory investigates the molecular pathogenesis of enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), a leading cause of...organism of a group of pathogenic bacteria that cause attaching and effacing (AE) intestinal lesions (Levine et al., 1978; Nataro and Kaper, 1998). AE

Understanding the host-adapted state of Citrobacter rodentium by transcriptomic analysis

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Citrobacter rodentium (Cr) is a mouse pathogen that mimics many aspects of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli infections including producing attaching and effacing (A/E) lesions. Host-adapted (HA) Cr cells that are shed at the peak of infection have been reported to be hyperinfective. The exact mecha...

Evaluation of the impact of quorum sensing transcriptional regulator SdiA on long-term persistence and fecal shedding of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in weaned calves.

PubMed

Sharma, V K; Bearson, S M D

2013-04-01

Escherichia coli O157:H7 (O157) colonization of bovine intestine is mediated through the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE)-encoded type III secretion system and secreted virulence proteins that promote colonization of the recto-anal junction (RAJ) of the large intestine of cattle. The quorum sensing transcriptional regulator SdiA, a homolog of LuxR, has been shown in vitro to repress LEE strongly when overexpressed from a multi-copy recombinant plasmid or when its activity is enhanced by the binding of N-acyl-L-homoserine lactones (AHLs), the quorum sensing signals that are detected by SdiA. Since LEE has been shown to be essential for colonization and persistence of O157 in bovine intestine, we examined whether a mutation in sdiA, which normally represses LEE in vitro, would also exert negative effect on colonization and long-term persistence of O157 in weaned calves. Ten-week old weaned calves (n = 4/group) were inoculated orally with 10(10) cfu of either the wild-type or sdiA mutant strain. Initial fecal shedding of the sdiA mutant and the wild-type strain were similar in magnitude and declined during the first 2 weeks post-inoculation. The sdiA mutant was detected in feces of only one of the four calves at low levels (≥10(2) cfu/g feces) from days 19 - 27 post-inoculation, whereas, the fecal shedding of the wild-type strain persisted at approximately 4-logs in all four calves from days 19 - 27. We also confirmed that SdiA represses ler, which encodes a positive transcriptional regulator of LEE, in response to AHLs, and reduces adherence of O157 to HEp-2 cells. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that although in vitro the sdiA gene represses LEE and LEE-mediated adherence to cultured cells, the presence of sdiA is necessary for colonization of bovine large intestine that in turn promotes persistent fecal shedding of O157 by these animals. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Molecular Profiling of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli and Enteropathogenic E. coli Strains Isolated from French Coastal Environments.

PubMed

Balière, C; Rincé, A; Delannoy, S; Fach, P; Gourmelon, M

2016-07-01

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) strains may be responsible for food-borne infections in humans. Twenty-eight STEC and 75 EPEC strains previously isolated from French shellfish-harvesting areas and their watersheds and belonging to 68 distinguishable serotypes were characterized in this study. High-throughput real-time PCR was used to search for the presence of 75 E. coli virulence-associated gene targets, and genes encoding Shiga toxin (stx) and intimin (eae) were subtyped using PCR tests and DNA sequencing, respectively. The results showed a high level of diversity between strains, with 17 unique virulence gene profiles for STEC and 56 for EPEC. Seven STEC and 15 EPEC strains were found to display a large number or a particular combination of genetic markers of virulence and the presence of stx and/or eae variants, suggesting their potential pathogenicity for humans. Among these, an O26:H11 stx1a eae-β1 strain was associated with a large number of virulence-associated genes (n = 47), including genes carried on the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) or other pathogenicity islands, such as OI-122, OI-71, OI-43/48, OI-50, OI-57, and the high-pathogenicity island (HPI). One O91:H21 STEC strain containing 4 stx variants (stx1a, stx2a, stx2c, and stx2d) was found to possess genes associated with pathogenicity islands OI-122, OI-43/48, and OI-15. Among EPEC strains harboring a large number of virulence genes (n, 34 to 50), eight belonged to serotype O26:H11, O103:H2, O103:H25, O145:H28, O157:H7, or O153:H2. The species E. coli includes a wide variety of strains, some of which may be responsible for severe infections. This study, a molecular risk assessment study of E. coli strains isolated from the coastal environment, was conducted to evaluate the potential risk for shellfish consumers. This report describes the characterization of virulence gene profiles and stx/eae polymorphisms of E. coli isolates and clearly highlights the finding that the majority of strains isolated from coastal environment are potentially weakly pathogenic, while some are likely to be more pathogenic. Copyright © 2016, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Evaluation of hha and hha sepB mutant strains of Escherichia coli O157:H7 as bacterins for reducing E. coli O157:H7 shedding in cattle.

PubMed

Sharma, Vijay K; Dean-Nystrom, Evelyn A; Casey, Thomas A

2011-07-12

Escherichia coli O157:H7 colonizes cattle intestines by using the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE)-encoded proteins. The induction of systemic immune response against LEE-encoded proteins, therefore, will prove effective in reducing E. coli O157:H7 colonization in cattle. The previous studies have demonstrated that a hha (encodes for a hemolysin expression modulating protein) deletion enhances expression of LEE-encoded proteins and a sepB (encodes an ATPase required for the secretion of LEE-encoded proteins) deletion results in intracellular accumulation of LEE proteins. In this study, we demonstrate the efficacy of the hha and hha sepB deletion mutants as bacterins for reducing fecal shedding of E. coli O157:H7 in experimentally inoculated weaned calves. The weaned calves were injected intramuscularly with the bacterins containing 10(9) heat-killed cells of the hha(+) wild-type or hha or hha sepB isogenic mutants, and boosted with the same doses 2- and 4-weeks later. The evaluation of the immune response two weeks after the last booster immunization revealed that the calves vaccinated with the hha mutant bacterin had higher antibody titers against LEE proteins compared to the titers for these antibodies in the calves vaccinated with the hha sepB mutant or hha(+) wild-type bacterins. Following oral inoculations with 10(10) CFU of the wild-type E. coli O157:H7, the greater numbers of calves in the group vaccinated with the hha or hha sepB mutant bacterins stopped shedding the inoculum strain within a few days after the inoculations compared to the group of calves vaccinated with the hha(+) wild-type bacterin or PBS sham vaccine. Thus, the use of bacterins prepared from the hha and hha sepB mutants for reducing colonization of E. coli O157:H7 in cattle could represent a potentially important pre-harvest strategy to enhance post-harvest safety of bovine food products, water and produce. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Giardia co-infection promotes the secretion of antimicrobial peptides beta-defensin 2 and trefoil factor 3 and attenuates attaching and effacing bacteria-induced intestinal disease.

PubMed

Manko, Anna; Motta, Jean-Paul; Cotton, James A; Feener, Troy; Oyeyemi, Ayodele; Vallance, Bruce A; Wallace, John L; Buret, Andre G

2017-01-01

Our understanding of polymicrobial gastrointestinal infections and their effects on host biology remains incompletely understood. Giardia duodenalis is an ubiquitous intestinal protozoan parasite infecting animals and humans. Concomitant infections with Giardia and other gastrointestinal pathogens commonly occur. In countries with poor sanitation, Giardia infection has been associated with decreased incidence of diarrheal disease and fever, and reduced serum inflammatory markers release, via mechanisms that remain obscure. This study analyzed Giardia spp. co-infections with attaching and effacing (A/E) pathogens, and assessed whether and how the presence of Giardia modulates host responses to A/E enteropathogens, and alters intestinal disease outcome. In mice infected with the A/E pathogen Citrobacter rodentium, co-infection with Giardia muris significantly attenuated weight loss, macro- and microscopic signs of colitis, bacterial colonization and translocation, while concurrently enhancing the production and secretion of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) mouse β-defensin 3 and trefoil factor 3 (TFF3). Co-infection of human intestinal epithelial cells (Caco-2) monolayers with G. duodenalis trophozoites and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) enhanced the production of the AMPs human β-defensin 2 (HBD-2) and TFF3; this effect was inhibited with treatment of G. duodenalis with cysteine protease inhibitors. Collectively, these results suggest that Giardia infections are capable of reducing enteropathogen-induced colitis while increasing production of host AMPs. Additional studies also demonstrated that Giardia was able to directly inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria. These results reveal novel mechanisms whereby Giardia may protect against gastrointestinal disease induced by a co-infecting A/E enteropathogen. Our findings shed new light on how microbial-microbial interactions in the gut may protect a host during concomitant infections.

Giardia co-infection promotes the secretion of antimicrobial peptides beta-defensin 2 and trefoil factor 3 and attenuates attaching and effacing bacteria-induced intestinal disease

PubMed Central

Manko, Anna; Motta, Jean-Paul; Cotton, James A.; Feener, Troy; Oyeyemi, Ayodele; Vallance, Bruce A.; Wallace, John L.

2017-01-01

Our understanding of polymicrobial gastrointestinal infections and their effects on host biology remains incompletely understood. Giardia duodenalis is an ubiquitous intestinal protozoan parasite infecting animals and humans. Concomitant infections with Giardia and other gastrointestinal pathogens commonly occur. In countries with poor sanitation, Giardia infection has been associated with decreased incidence of diarrheal disease and fever, and reduced serum inflammatory markers release, via mechanisms that remain obscure. This study analyzed Giardia spp. co-infections with attaching and effacing (A/E) pathogens, and assessed whether and how the presence of Giardia modulates host responses to A/E enteropathogens, and alters intestinal disease outcome. In mice infected with the A/E pathogen Citrobacter rodentium, co-infection with Giardia muris significantly attenuated weight loss, macro- and microscopic signs of colitis, bacterial colonization and translocation, while concurrently enhancing the production and secretion of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) mouse β-defensin 3 and trefoil factor 3 (TFF3). Co-infection of human intestinal epithelial cells (Caco-2) monolayers with G. duodenalis trophozoites and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) enhanced the production of the AMPs human β-defensin 2 (HBD-2) and TFF3; this effect was inhibited with treatment of G. duodenalis with cysteine protease inhibitors. Collectively, these results suggest that Giardia infections are capable of reducing enteropathogen-induced colitis while increasing production of host AMPs. Additional studies also demonstrated that Giardia was able to directly inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria. These results reveal novel mechanisms whereby Giardia may protect against gastrointestinal disease induced by a co-infecting A/E enteropathogen. Our findings shed new light on how microbial-microbial interactions in the gut may protect a host during concomitant infections. PMID:28622393

Osteopontin Mediates Citrobacter rodentium-Induced Colonic Epithelial Cell Hyperplasia and Attaching-Effacing Lesions

PubMed Central

Wine, Eytan; Shen-Tu, Grace; Gareau, Mélanie G.; Goldberg, Harvey A.; Licht, Christoph; Ngan, Bo-Yee; Sorensen, Esben S.; Greenaway, James; Sodek, Jaro; Zohar, Ron; Sherman, Philip M.

2010-01-01

Although osteopontin (OPN) is up-regulated in inflammatory bowel diseases, its role in disease pathogenesis remains controversial. The objective of this study was to determine the role of OPN in host responses to a non-invasive bacterial pathogen, Citrobacter rodentium, which serves as a murine infectious model of colitis. OPN gene knockout and wild-type mice were infected orogastrically with either C. rodentium or Luria-Bertani (LB) broth. Mouse-derived OPN+/+ and OPN−/− fibroblasts were incubated with C. rodentium and attaching-effacing lesions were demonstrated using transmission electron microscopy and immunofluorescence. Colonic expression of OPN was increased by C. rodentium infection of wild-type mice. Furthermore, colonic epithelial cell hyperplasia, the hallmark of C. rodentium infection, was reduced in OPN−/− mice, and spleen enlargement by infection was absent in OPN−/− mice. Rectal administration of OPN to OPN−/− mice restored these effects. There was an 8- to 17-fold reduction in bacterial colonization in OPN−/− mice, compared with wild-type mice, which was accompanied by reduced attaching–effacing lesions, both in infected OPN−/− mice and OPN−/− mouse fibroblasts. Moreover, adhesion pedestals were restored in OPN−/− cells complemented with human OPN. Therefore, lack of OPN results in decreased pedestal formation, colonization, and colonic epithelial cell hyperplasia responses to C. rodentium infection, indicating that OPN impacts disease pathogenesis through bacterial attachment and altered host immune responses. PMID:20651246

Osteopontin mediates Citrobacter rodentium-induced colonic epithelial cell hyperplasia and attaching-effacing lesions.

PubMed

Wine, Eytan; Shen-Tu, Grace; Gareau, Mélanie G; Goldberg, Harvey A; Licht, Christoph; Ngan, Bo-Yee; Sorensen, Esben S; Greenaway, James; Sodek, Jaro; Zohar, Ron; Sherman, Philip M

2010-09-01

Although osteopontin (OPN) is up-regulated in inflammatory bowel diseases, its role in disease pathogenesis remains controversial. The objective of this study was to determine the role of OPN in host responses to a non-invasive bacterial pathogen, Citrobacter rodentium, which serves as a murine infectious model of colitis. OPN gene knockout and wild-type mice were infected orogastrically with either C. rodentium or Luria-Bertani (LB) broth. Mouse-derived OPN(+/+) and OPN(-/-) fibroblasts were incubated with C. rodentium and attaching-effacing lesions were demonstrated using transmission electron microscopy and immunofluorescence. Colonic expression of OPN was increased by C. rodentium infection of wild-type mice. Furthermore, colonic epithelial cell hyperplasia, the hallmark of C. rodentium infection, was reduced in OPN(-/-) mice, and spleen enlargement by infection was absent in OPN(-/-) mice. Rectal administration of OPN to OPN(-/-) mice restored these effects. There was an 8- to 17-fold reduction in bacterial colonization in OPN(-/-) mice, compared with wild-type mice, which was accompanied by reduced attaching-effacing lesions, both in infected OPN(-/-) mice and OPN(-/-) mouse fibroblasts. Moreover, adhesion pedestals were restored in OPN(-/-) cells complemented with human OPN. Therefore, lack of OPN results in decreased pedestal formation, colonization, and colonic epithelial cell hyperplasia responses to C. rodentium infection, indicating that OPN impacts disease pathogenesis through bacterial attachment and altered host immune responses.

Different Cellular Origins and Functions of Extracellular Proteins from Escherichia coli O157:H7 and O104:H4 as Determined by Comparative Proteomic Analysis

PubMed Central

Islam, Nazrul; Nagy, Attila; Garrett, Wesley M.; Shelton, Dan

2016-01-01

ABSTRACT Extracellular proteins play important roles in bacterial interactions with the environmental matrices. In this study, we examined the extracellular proteins from Escherichia coli O157:H7 and O104:H4 by tandem mass spectrometry. We identified 500 and 859 proteins from the growth media of E. coli O157:H7 and O104:H4, respectively, including 371 proteins common to both strains. Among proteins that were considered specific to E. coli O157:H7 or present at higher relative abundances in O157:H7 medium, most (57 of 65) had secretion signal sequences in their encoding genes. Noticeably, the proteins included locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) virulence factors, proteins required for peptidyl-lipoprotein accumulation, and proteins involved in iron scavenging. In contrast, a much smaller proportion of proteins (37 of 150) that were considered specific to O104:H4 or presented at higher relative abundances in O104:H4 medium had signals targeting them for secretion. These proteins included Shiga toxin 2 subunit B and O104:H4 signature proteins, including AAF/1 major fimbrial subunit and serine protease autotransporters. Most of the abundant proteins from the growth medium of E. coli O104:H4 were annotated as having functions in the cytoplasm. We provide evidence that the extensive presence of cytoplasmic proteins in E. coli O104:H4 growth medium was due to biological processes independent of cell lysis, indicating alternative mechanisms for this potent pathogen releasing cytoplasmic contents into the growth milieu, which could play a role in interaction with the environmental matrices, such as pathogenesis and biofilm formation. IMPORTANCE In this study, we compared the extracellular proteins from two of the most prominent foodborne pathogenic E. coli organisms that have caused severe outbreaks in the United States and in Europe. E. coli O157:H7 is a well-studied Shiga toxigenic foodborne pathogen of the enterohemorrhagic pathotype that has caused numerous outbreaks associated with various contaminated foods worldwide. E. coli O104:H4 is a newly emerged Shiga toxigenic foodborne pathogen of the enteroaggregative pathotype that gained notoriety for causing one of the most deadly foodborne outbreaks in Europe in 2011. Comparison of proteins in the growth medium revealed significant differences in the compositions of the extracellular proteins for these two pathogens. These differences may provide valuable information regarding the cellular responses of these pathogens to their environment, including cell survival and pathogenesis. PMID:27208096

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli: foe or innocent bystander?

PubMed Central

Hu, Jia; Torres, Alfredo G.

2015-01-01

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) remain one the most important pathogens infecting children and they are one of the main causes of persistent diarrhea worldwide. Historically, typical EPEC (tEPEC), defined as those isolates with the attaching and effacement (A/E) genotype (eae+), which possess bfpA+ and lack the stx- genes are found strongly associated with diarrheal cases. However, occurrence of atypical EPEC (aEPEC; eae+ bfpA- stx-) in diarrheal and asymptomatic hosts has made investigators question the role of these pathogens in human disease. Current epidemiological data is helping answering the question whether EPEC is mainly a foe or an innocent bystander during infection. PMID:25726041

Characterization of the sensor domain of QseE histidine kinase from Escherichia coli.

PubMed

Yeo, Kwon Joo; Park, Jin-Wan; Kim, Eun-Hee; Jeon, Young Ho; Hwang, Kwang Yeon; Cheong, Hae-Kap

2016-10-01

In enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), the QseEF two-component system causes attaching and effacing (AE) lesion on epithelial cells. QseE histidine kinase senses the host hormone epinephrine, sulfate, and phosphate; it also regulates QseF response regulator, which activates LEE gene that encodes AE lesion. In order to understand the recognition of ligand molecules and signal transfer mechanism in pathogenic bacteria, structural studies of the sensor domain of QseE of Escherichia coli should be conducted. In this study, we describe the overexpression, purification, and structural and biophysical properties of the sensor domain of QseE. The fusion protein had a 6×His tag at its N-terminus; this protein was overexpressed as inclusion bodies in E. coli BL21 (DE3). The protein was denatured in 7M guanidine hydrochloride and refolded by dialysis. The purification of the refolded protein was carried out using Ni-NTA affinity column and size-exclusion chromatography. Thereafter, the characteristics of the refolded protein were determined from NMR, CD, and MALS spectroscopies. In a pH range of 7.4-5.0, the folded protein existed in a monomeric form with a predominantly helical structure. (1)H-(15)N HSQC NMR spectra shows that approximately 93% backbone amide peaks are detected at pH 5.0, suggesting that the number of backbone signals is sufficient for NMR studies. These data might provide an opportunity for structural and functional studies of the sensor domain of QseE. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Development of large intestinal attaching and effacing lesions in pigs in association with the feeding of a particular diet.

PubMed Central

Neef, N A; McOrist, S; Lysons, R J; Bland, A P; Miller, B G

1994-01-01

Hysterotomy-derived piglets were kept in gnotobiotic isolators and artificially colonized at 7 days of age with an adult bovine enteric microflora. At 3 weeks of age, the pigs were transferred to conventional experimental accommodation and weaned, either onto a solid diet that had been associated with field cases of typhlocolitis in pigs or onto a solid control diet. At necropsy at 5 weeks of age, groups of pigs fed the diet associated with field cases of typhlocolitis were found to have developed typhlocolitis. This was absent from the groups fed the control diet. The typhlocolitis was characterized by attaching and effacing lesions typical of those described following experimental inoculation of various species with enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. A nonverocytotoxic, eae probe-positive E. coli serotype O116 was isolated from pigs on the colitis-associated diet but not from any of the pigs on the control diet. Coliform bacteria attached to the colonic lesions reacted with polyclonal antiserum to E. coli O116 in an immunoperoxidase assay of histological sections of affected tissue. No reaction with this antiserum was observed in corresponding tissue sections taken from pigs on the control diet. No colon lesions were observed in germfree pigs fed either of the diets. It is postulated that proliferation and possibly expression of pathogenicity of the attaching and effacing E. coli responsible for the lesions are strongly influenced by diet. Images PMID:7927691

Development of large intestinal attaching and effacing lesions in pigs in association with the feeding of a particular diet.

PubMed

Neef, N A; McOrist, S; Lysons, R J; Bland, A P; Miller, B G

1994-10-01

Hysterotomy-derived piglets were kept in gnotobiotic isolators and artificially colonized at 7 days of age with an adult bovine enteric microflora. At 3 weeks of age, the pigs were transferred to conventional experimental accommodation and weaned, either onto a solid diet that had been associated with field cases of typhlocolitis in pigs or onto a solid control diet. At necropsy at 5 weeks of age, groups of pigs fed the diet associated with field cases of typhlocolitis were found to have developed typhlocolitis. This was absent from the groups fed the control diet. The typhlocolitis was characterized by attaching and effacing lesions typical of those described following experimental inoculation of various species with enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. A nonverocytotoxic, eae probe-positive E. coli serotype O116 was isolated from pigs on the colitis-associated diet but not from any of the pigs on the control diet. Coliform bacteria attached to the colonic lesions reacted with polyclonal antiserum to E. coli O116 in an immunoperoxidase assay of histological sections of affected tissue. No reaction with this antiserum was observed in corresponding tissue sections taken from pigs on the control diet. No colon lesions were observed in germfree pigs fed either of the diets. It is postulated that proliferation and possibly expression of pathogenicity of the attaching and effacing E. coli responsible for the lesions are strongly influenced by diet.

Tick Surveillance of Small Mammals Captured in Gyeonggi and Gangwon Provinces, Republic of Korea, 2004-2008

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-07-30

number of zoonotic pathogens: spotted fever group rickettsiae (Lee et al. 2003), Ehrlichia and Anaplasma spp. (Chae et al. 2003), Bartonella spp. (Kim...K.H. & Lee, S.H. (2003) Identification of the spotted fever group rickettsiae detected from Haemaphysalis longicornis in Korea. Microbiology and

Role of NleH, a type III secreted effector from attaching and effacing pathogens, in colonization of the bovine, ovine, and murine gut.

PubMed

Hemrajani, Cordula; Marches, Olivier; Wiles, Siouxsie; Girard, Francis; Dennis, Alison; Dziva, Francis; Best, Angus; Phillips, Alan D; Berger, Cedric N; Mousnier, Aurelie; Crepin, Valerie F; Kruidenier, Laurens; Woodward, Martin J; Stevens, Mark P; La Ragione, Roberto M; MacDonald, Thomas T; Frankel, Gad

2008-11-01

The human pathogen enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 colonizes human and animal gut via formation of attaching and effacing lesions. EHEC strains use a type III secretion system to translocate a battery of effector proteins into the mammalian host cell, which subvert diverse signal transduction pathways implicated in actin dynamics, phagocytosis, and innate immunity. The genomes of sequenced EHEC O157:H7 strains contain two copies of the effector protein gene nleH, which share 49% sequence similarity with the gene for the Shigella effector OspG, recently implicated in inhibition of migration of the transcriptional regulator NF-kappaB to the nucleus. In this study we investigated the role of NleH during EHEC O157:H7 infection of calves and lambs. We found that while EHEC DeltanleH colonized the bovine gut more efficiently than the wild-type strain, in lambs the wild-type strain exhibited a competitive advantage over the mutant during mixed infection. Using the mouse pathogen Citrobacter rodentium, which shares many virulence factors with EHEC O157:H7, including NleH, we observed that the wild-type strain exhibited a competitive advantage over the mutant during mixed infection. We found no measurable differences in T-cell infiltration or hyperplasia in colons of mice inoculated with the wild-type or the nleH mutant strain. Using NF-kappaB reporter mice carrying a transgene containing a luciferase reporter driven by three NF-kappaB response elements, we found that NleH causes an increase in NF-kappaB activity in the colonic mucosa. Consistent with this, we found that the nleH mutant triggered a significantly lower tumor necrosis factor alpha response than the wild-type strain.

Vaccination with killed whole-cells of Escherichia coli O157:H7 hha mutant emulsified with an adjuvant induced vaccine strain-specific serum antibodies and reduced E. coli O157:H7 fecal shedding in cattle.

PubMed

Sharma, Vijay K; Schaut, Robert G; Loving, Crystal L

2018-06-01

Escherichia coli O157:H7 (O157) can cause from a mild diarrheal illness to hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome in humans. Cattle are the primary reservoir for O157 and fecal shedding of O157 by these animals is a major risk factor in contamination of cattle hides and carcasses at slaughter. Vaccination is an important strategy to reduce fecal shedding of O157 in cattle. In this study, we evaluated the immunogenicity and efficacy of an inactivated vaccine strain of O157 formulated with an adjuvant. This vaccine strain was deleted of the hha gene enabling high level expression of the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) encoded proteins required for O157 colonization in cattle. The inactivated vaccine strain emulsified with the adjuvant or suspended in the phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was injected in the neck muscles of two groups of weaned calves followed by a booster three weeks later with the corresponding formulation. Animals in groups 3 and 4 were injected similarly with the adjuvant and PBS, respectively. All animals were orally inoculated three weeks post-booster vaccination with a live culture of O157. The animals vaccinated with the adjuvanted vaccine showed higher serum antibody titers to the vaccine strain and shed O157 for a shorter duration and at lower numbers compared to the animals vaccinated with the non-adjuvanted vaccine, adjuvant-only, or PBS. Western blotting of the vaccine strain lysates showed higher immunoreactivity of serum IgG in vaccinated animals to several O157-specific proteins and lipopolysaccharides (LPS). The vaccination induced IgG showed specificity to LEE-encoded proteins and outer membrane LPS as LEE and waaL deletion mutants, unable to produce LEE proteins and synthesize high molecular weight LPS, respectively, yielded significantly lower antibody titers compared to the parent vaccine strain. The positive reactivity of the immune serum was also observed for purified LEE-encoded proteins EspA and EspB. In conclusion, the results of this animal study showed that a two-dose regimen of an adjuvanted vaccine is capable of inducing O157-specific immune response that directly or indirectly reduced fecal shedding of O157 in cattle. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Different Cellular Origins and Functions of Extracellular Proteins from Escherichia coli O157:H7 and O104:H4 as Determined by Comparative Proteomic Analysis.

PubMed

Islam, Nazrul; Nagy, Attila; Garrett, Wesley M; Shelton, Dan; Cooper, Bret; Nou, Xiangwu

2016-07-15

Extracellular proteins play important roles in bacterial interactions with the environmental matrices. In this study, we examined the extracellular proteins from Escherichia coli O157:H7 and O104:H4 by tandem mass spectrometry. We identified 500 and 859 proteins from the growth media of E. coli O157:H7 and O104:H4, respectively, including 371 proteins common to both strains. Among proteins that were considered specific to E. coli O157:H7 or present at higher relative abundances in O157:H7 medium, most (57 of 65) had secretion signal sequences in their encoding genes. Noticeably, the proteins included locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) virulence factors, proteins required for peptidyl-lipoprotein accumulation, and proteins involved in iron scavenging. In contrast, a much smaller proportion of proteins (37 of 150) that were considered specific to O104:H4 or presented at higher relative abundances in O104:H4 medium had signals targeting them for secretion. These proteins included Shiga toxin 2 subunit B and O104:H4 signature proteins, including AAF/1 major fimbrial subunit and serine protease autotransporters. Most of the abundant proteins from the growth medium of E. coli O104:H4 were annotated as having functions in the cytoplasm. We provide evidence that the extensive presence of cytoplasmic proteins in E. coli O104:H4 growth medium was due to biological processes independent of cell lysis, indicating alternative mechanisms for this potent pathogen releasing cytoplasmic contents into the growth milieu, which could play a role in interaction with the environmental matrices, such as pathogenesis and biofilm formation. In this study, we compared the extracellular proteins from two of the most prominent foodborne pathogenic E. coli organisms that have caused severe outbreaks in the United States and in Europe. E. coli O157:H7 is a well-studied Shiga toxigenic foodborne pathogen of the enterohemorrhagic pathotype that has caused numerous outbreaks associated with various contaminated foods worldwide. E. coli O104:H4 is a newly emerged Shiga toxigenic foodborne pathogen of the enteroaggregative pathotype that gained notoriety for causing one of the most deadly foodborne outbreaks in Europe in 2011. Comparison of proteins in the growth medium revealed significant differences in the compositions of the extracellular proteins for these two pathogens. These differences may provide valuable information regarding the cellular responses of these pathogens to their environment, including cell survival and pathogenesis. Copyright © 2016, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Emerging types of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) O178 present in cattle, deer, and humans from Argentina and Germany

PubMed Central

Miko, Angelika; Rivas, Marta; Bentancor, Adriana; Delannoy, Sabine; Fach, Patrick; Beutin, Lothar

2014-01-01

More than 400 serotypes of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) have been implicated in outbreaks and sporadic human diseases. In recent years STEC strains belonging to serogroup O178 have been commonly isolated from cattle and food of bovine origin in South America and Europe. In order to explore the significance of these STEC strains as potential human pathogens, 74 German and Argentinean E. coli O178 strains from animals, food and humans were characterized phenotypically and investigated for their serotypes, stx-genotypes and 43 virulence-associated markers by a real-time PCR-microarray. The majority (n = 66) of the O178 strains belonged to serotype O178:H19. The remaining strains divided into O178:H7 (n = 6), O178:H10 (n = 1), and O178:H16 (n = 1). STEC O178:H19 strains were mainly isolated from cattle and food of bovine origin, but one strain was from a patient with hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). Genotyping of the STEC O178:H19 strains by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed two major clusters of genetically highly related strains which differ in their stx-genotypes and non-Stx putative virulence traits, including adhesins, toxins, and serine-proteases. Cluster A-strains including the HUS-strain (n = 35) carried genes associated with severe disease in humans (stx2a, stx2d, ehxA, saa, subAB1, lpfAO113, terE combined with stx1a, espP, iha). Cluster B-strains (n = 26) showed a limited repertoire of virulence genes (stx2c, pagC, lpfAO113, espP, iha). Among O178:H7 strains isolated from deer meat and patients with uncomplicated disease a new STEC variant was detected that is associated with the genotype stx1c/stx2b/ehxA/subAB2/espI/[terE]/espP/iha. None of the STEC O178 strains was positive for locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE)- and nle-genes. Results indicate that STEC O178:H19 strains belong to the growing group of LEE-negative STEC that should be considered with respect to their potential to cause diseases in humans. PMID:24987616

Probiotics inhibit enteropathogenic E. coli adherence in vitro by inducing intestinal mucin gene expression.

PubMed

Mack, D R; Michail, S; Wei, S; McDougall, L; Hollingsworth, M A

1999-04-01

Probiotic agents, live microorganisms with beneficial effects for the host, may offer an alternative to conventional antimicrobials in the treatment and prevention of enteric infections. The probiotic agents Lactobacillus plantarum 299v and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG quantitatively inhibited the adherence of an attaching and effacing pathogenic Escherichia coli to HT-29 intestinal epithelial cells but did not inhibit adherence to nonintestinal HEp-2 cells. HT-29 cells were grown under conditions that induced high levels of either MUC2 or MUC3 mRNA, but HEp-2 cells expressed only minimal levels of MUC2 and no MUC3 mRNA. Media enriched for MUC2 and MUC3 mucin were added exogenously to binding assays and were shown to be capable of inhibiting enteropathogen adherence to HEp-2 cells. Incubation of L. plantarum 299v with HT-29 cells increased MUC2 and MUC3 mRNA expression levels. From these in vitro studies, we propose the hypothesis that the ability of probiotic agents to inhibit adherence of attaching and effacing organisms to intestinal epithelial cells is mediated through their ability to increase expression of MUC2 and MUC3 intestinal mucins.

Role of NleH, a Type III Secreted Effector from Attaching and Effacing Pathogens, in Colonization of the Bovine, Ovine, and Murine Gut▿

PubMed Central

Hemrajani, Cordula; Marches, Olivier; Wiles, Siouxsie; Girard, Francis; Dennis, Alison; Dziva, Francis; Best, Angus; Phillips, Alan D.; Berger, Cedric N.; Mousnier, Aurelie; Crepin, Valerie F.; Kruidenier, Laurens; Woodward, Martin J.; Stevens, Mark P.; La Ragione, Roberto M.; MacDonald, Thomas T.; Frankel, Gad

2008-01-01

The human pathogen enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 colonizes human and animal gut via formation of attaching and effacing lesions. EHEC strains use a type III secretion system to translocate a battery of effector proteins into the mammalian host cell, which subvert diverse signal transduction pathways implicated in actin dynamics, phagocytosis, and innate immunity. The genomes of sequenced EHEC O157:H7 strains contain two copies of the effector protein gene nleH, which share 49% sequence similarity with the gene for the Shigella effector OspG, recently implicated in inhibition of migration of the transcriptional regulator NF-κB to the nucleus. In this study we investigated the role of NleH during EHEC O157:H7 infection of calves and lambs. We found that while EHEC ΔnleH colonized the bovine gut more efficiently than the wild-type strain, in lambs the wild-type strain exhibited a competitive advantage over the mutant during mixed infection. Using the mouse pathogen Citrobacter rodentium, which shares many virulence factors with EHEC O157:H7, including NleH, we observed that the wild-type strain exhibited a competitive advantage over the mutant during mixed infection. We found no measurable differences in T-cell infiltration or hyperplasia in colons of mice inoculated with the wild-type or the nleH mutant strain. Using NF-κB reporter mice carrying a transgene containing a luciferase reporter driven by three NF-κB response elements, we found that NleH causes an increase in NF-κB activity in the colonic mucosa. Consistent with this, we found that the nleH mutant triggered a significantly lower tumor necrosis factor alpha response than the wild-type strain. PMID:18725419

Early Head CT Findings Are Associated With Outcomes After Pediatric Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest.

PubMed

Starling, Rebecca M; Shekdar, Karuna; Licht, Dan; Nadkarni, Vinay M; Berg, Robert A; Topjian, Alexis A

2015-07-01

Head CT after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is often obtained to evaluate intracranial pathology. Among children admitted to the PICU following pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, we hypothesized that loss of gray-white matter differentiation and basilar cistern and sulcal effacement are associated with mortality and unfavorable neurologic outcome. Retrospective, cohort study. Single, tertiary-care center PICU. Seventy-eight patients less than 18 years old who survived out-of-hospital cardiac arrest to PICU admission and had a head CT within 24 hours of return of spontaneous circulation were evaluated from July 2005 through May 2012. None. Median time to head CT from return of spontaneous circulation was 3.3 hours (1.0, 6.0). Median patient age was 2.3 years (0.4, 9.5). Thirty-nine patients (50%) survived, of whom 29 (74%) had favorable neurologic outcome. Nonsurvivors were more likely than survivors to have 1) loss of gray-white matter differentiation (Hounsfield unit ratios, 0.96 [0.88, 1.07] vs 1.1 [1.07, 1.2]; p < 0.001), 2) basilar cistern effacement (93% vs 7%; p = 0.001; positive predictive value, 94%; negative predictive value, 59%), and 3) sulcal effacement (100% vs 0%; p ≤ 0.001; positive predictive value, 100%; negative predictive value, 68%). All patients with poor gray-white matter differentiation or sulcal effacement had unfavorable neurologic outcomes. Only one patient with basilar cistern effacement had favorable outcome. Loss of gray-white matter differentiation and basilar cistern effacement and sulcal effacement are associated with poor outcome after pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Select patients may have favorable outcomes despite these findings.

Early Head CT Findings Are Associated With Outcomes After Pediatric Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest

PubMed Central

Starling, Rebecca M.; Shekdar, Karuna; Licht, Dan; Nadkarni, Vinay M.; Berg, Robert A.; Topjian, Alexis A.

2015-01-01

Objectives Head CT after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is often obtained to evaluate intracranial pathology. Among children admitted to the PICU following pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, we hypothesized that loss of gray-white matter differentiation and basilar cistern and sulcal effacement are associated with mortality and unfavorable neurologic outcome. Design Retrospective, cohort study. Setting Single, tertiary-care center PICU. Patients Seventy-eight patients less than 18 years old who survived out-of-hospital cardiac arrest to PICU admission and had a head CT within 24 hours of return of spontaneous circulation were evaluated from July 2005 through May 2012. Interventions None. Measurements and Main Results Median time to head CT from return of spontaneous circulation was 3.3 hours (1.0, 6.0). Median patient age was 2.3 years (0.4, 9.5). Thirty-nine patients (50%) survived, of whom 29 (74%) had favorable neurologic outcome. Nonsurvivors were more likely than survivors to have 1) loss of gray-white matter differentiation (Hounsfield unit ratios, 0.96 [0.88, 1.07] vs 1.1 [1.07, 1.2]; p < 0.001), 2) basilar cistern effacement (93% vs 7%; p = 0.001; positive predictive value, 94%; negative predictive value, 59%), and 3) sulcal effacement (100% vs 0%; p ≤ 0.001; positive predictive value, 100%; negative predictive value, 68%). All patients with poor gray-white matter differentiation or sulcal effacement had unfavorable neurologic outcomes. Only one patient with basilar cistern effacement had favorable outcome. Conclusions Loss of gray-white matter differentiation and basilar cistern effacement and sulcal effacement are associated with poor outcome after pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Select patients may have favorable outcomes despite these findings. PMID:25844694

Vaginal Examination Simulation Using Citrus Fruit to Simulate Cervical Dilation and Effacement

PubMed Central

Shea, Kathleen L

2015-01-01

This technical report describes the creation and use of a cervical dilation and effacement model in a pre-licensure nursing course in reproductive health. Vaginal examination is typically taught in reproductive health courses; however, nursing students do not always have sufficient opportunity to practice on actual patients. This low-cost task-training model provides undergraduate nursing students the opportunity to experience performing a vaginal examination to assess for cervical dilation and effacement during the labor process. PMID:26457235

Midline Shift is Unrelated to Subjective Pupillary Reactivity Assessment on Admission in Moderate and Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.

PubMed

Nourallah, Basil; Menon, David K; Zeiler, Frederick A

2018-04-04

This study aims to determine the relationship between pupillary reactivity, midline shift and basal cistern effacement on brain computed tomography (CT) in moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). All are important diagnostic and prognostic measures, but their relationship is unclear. A total of 204 patients with moderate-to-severe TBI, documented pupillary reactivity, and archived neuroimaging were included. Extent of midline shift and basal cistern effacement were extracted from admission brain CT. Mean midline shift was calculated for each ordinal category of pupillary reactivity and basal cistern effacement. Sequential Chi-square analysis was used to calculate a threshold midline shift for pupillary abnormalities and basal cistern effacement. Univariable and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed. Pupils were bilaterally reactive in 163 patients, unilaterally reactive in 24, and bilaterally unreactive in 17, with mean midline shift (mm) of 1.96, 3.75, and 2.56, respectively (p = 0.14). Basal cisterns were normal in 118 patients, compressed in 45, and absent in 41, with mean midline shift (mm) of 0.64, 2.97, and 5.93, respectively (p < 0.001). Sequential Chi-square analysis identified a threshold for abnormal pupils at a midline shift of 7-7.25 mm (p = 0.032), compressed basal cisterns at 2 mm (p < 0.001), and completely effaced basal cisterns at 7.5 mm (p < 0.001). Logistic regression revealed no association between midline shift and pupillary reactivity. With effaced basal cisterns, the odds ratio for normal pupils was 0.22 (95% CI 0.08-0.56; p = 0.0016) and for at least one unreactive pupil was 0.061 (95% CI 0.012-0.24; p < 0.001). Basal cistern effacement strongly predicted midline shift (OR 1.27; 95% CI 1.17-1.40; p < 0.001). Basal cistern effacement alone is associated with pupillary reactivity and is closely associated with midline shift. It may represent a uniquely useful neuroimaging marker to guide intervention in traumatic brain injury.

RNA-Seq analysis of isolate- and growth phase-specific differences in the global transcriptomes of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli prototype isolates

PubMed Central

Hazen, Tracy H.; Daugherty, Sean C.; Shetty, Amol; Mahurkar, Anup A.; White, Owen; Kaper, James B.; Rasko, David A.

2015-01-01

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) are a leading cause of diarrheal illness among infants in developing countries. E. coli isolates classified as typical EPEC are identified by the presence of the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) and the bundle-forming pilus (BFP), and absence of the Shiga-toxin genes, while the atypical EPEC also encode LEE but do not encode BFP or Shiga-toxin. Comparative genomic analyses have demonstrated that EPEC isolates belong to diverse evolutionary lineages and possess lineage- and isolate-specific genomic content. To investigate whether this genomic diversity results in significant differences in global gene expression, we used an RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) approach to characterize the global transcriptomes of the prototype typical EPEC isolates E2348/69, B171, C581-05, and the prototype atypical EPEC isolate E110019. The global transcriptomes were characterized during laboratory growth in two different media and three different growth phases, as well as during adherence of the EPEC isolates to human cells using in vitro tissue culture assays. Comparison of the global transcriptomes during these conditions was used to identify isolate- and growth phase-specific differences in EPEC gene expression. These analyses resulted in the identification of genes that encode proteins involved in survival and metabolism that were coordinately expressed with virulence factors. These findings demonstrate there are isolate- and growth phase-specific differences in the global transcriptomes of EPEC prototype isolates, and highlight the utility of comparative transcriptomics for identifying additional factors that are directly or indirectly involved in EPEC pathogenesis. PMID:26124752

Role of F1C fimbriae, flagella, and secreted bacterial components in the inhibitory effect of probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 on atypical enteropathogenic E. coli infection.

PubMed

Kleta, Sylvia; Nordhoff, Marcel; Tedin, Karsten; Wieler, Lothar H; Kolenda, Rafal; Oswald, Sibylle; Oelschlaeger, Tobias A; Bleiss, Wilfried; Schierack, Peter

2014-05-01

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is recognized as an important intestinal pathogen that frequently causes acute and persistent diarrhea in humans and animals. The use of probiotic bacteria to prevent diarrhea is gaining increasing interest. The probiotic E. coli strain Nissle 1917 (EcN) is known to be effective in the treatment of several gastrointestinal disorders. While both in vitro and in vivo studies have described strong inhibitory effects of EcN on enteropathogenic bacteria, including pathogenic E. coli, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, we examined the inhibitory effect of EcN on infections of porcine intestinal epithelial cells with atypical enteropathogenic E. coli (aEPEC) with respect to single infection steps, including adhesion, microcolony formation, and the attaching and effacing phenotype. We show that EcN drastically reduced the infection efficiencies of aEPEC by inhibiting bacterial adhesion and growth of microcolonies, but not the attaching and effacing of adherent bacteria. The inhibitory effect correlated with EcN adhesion capacities and was predominantly mediated by F1C fimbriae, but also by H1 flagella, which served as bridges between EcN cells. Furthermore, EcN seemed to interfere with the initial adhesion of aEPEC to host cells by secretion of inhibitory components. These components do not appear to be specific to EcN, but we propose that the strong adhesion capacities enable EcN to secrete sufficient local concentrations of the inhibitory factors. The results of this study are consistent with a mode of action whereby EcN inhibits secretion of virulence-associated proteins of EPEC, but not their expression.

Occurrence and characterization of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 and other non-sorbitol-fermenting E. coli in cattle and humans in urban areas of Morogoro, Tanzania.

PubMed

Lupindu, Athumani M; Olsen, John E; Ngowi, Helena A; Msoffe, Peter L M; Mtambo, Madundo M; Scheutz, Flemming; Dalsgaard, Anders

2014-07-01

Escherichia coli strains such as Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), enteropathogenic E. coli, enterotoxigenic, attaching, and effacing E. coli, and enteroinvasive E. coli cause diarrhea in humans. Although other serotypes exist, the most commonly reported STEC in outbreaks is O157:H7. A cross-sectional study was conducted to isolate and characterize non-sorbitol-fermenting (NSF) E. coli O157:H7 from urban and periurban livestock settings of Morogoro, Tanzania. Human stool, cattle feces, and soil and water samples were collected. Observations and questionnaire interview studies were used to gather information about cattle and manure management practices in the study area. E. coli were isolated on sorbitol MacConkey agar and characterized by conventional biochemical tests. Out of 1049 samples, 143 (13.7%) yielded NSF E. coli. Serological and antimicrobial tests and molecular typing were performed to NSF E. coli isolates. These procedures detected 10 (7%) pathogenic E. coli including STEC (n=7), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) (n=2), and attaching and effacing E. coli (A/EEC) (n=1) strains. The STEC strains had the ability to produce VT1 and different VT2 toxin subtypes that caused cytopathic effects on Vero cells. The prevalence of STEC in cattle was 1.6%, out of which 0.9% was serotype O157:H7 and the overall prevalence of diarrheagenic E. coli in cattle was 2.2%. The serotypes O157:H7, O142:H34, O113:H21, O+:H-, O+:H16, and O25:H4 were identified. One ESBL-producing isolate showed the MLST type ST131. To our knowledge, this is the first finding in Tanzania of this recently emerged worldwide pandemic clonal group, causing widespread antimicrobial-resistant infections, and adds knowledge of the geographical distribution of ST131. Cattle manure was indiscriminately deposited within residential areas, and there was direct contact between humans and cattle feces during manure handling. Cattle and manure management practices expose humans, animals, and the environment to pathogenic E. coli and other manure-borne pathogens. Therefore, there is a need to improve manure management practices in urban and periurban areas to prevent pathogen spread and associated human health risks.

Distribution of putative adhesins in different seropathotypes of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli.

PubMed

Toma, Claudia; Martínez Espinosa, Estela; Song, Tianyan; Miliwebsky, Elizabeth; Chinen, Isabel; Iyoda, Sunao; Iwanaga, Masaaki; Rivas, Marta

2004-11-01

The distribution of eight putative adhesins that are not encoded in the locus for enterocyte effacement (LEE) in 139 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) of different serotypes was investigated by PCR. Five of the adhesins (Iha, Efa1, LPF(O157/OI-141), LPF(O157/OI-154), and LPF(O113)) are encoded in regions corresponding to genomic O islands of E. coli EDL933, while the other three adhesins have been reported to be encoded in the STEC megaplasmid of various serotypes (ToxB [O157:H7], Saa [O113:H21], and Sfp [O157:NM]). STEC strains were isolated from humans (n = 54), animals (n = 52), and food (n = 33). They were classified into five seropathotypes (A through E) based on the reported occurrence of STEC serotypes in human disease, in outbreaks, and in the hemolytic-uremic syndrome (M. A. Karmali, M. Mascarenhas, S. Shen, K. Ziebell, S. Johnson, R. Reid-Smith, J. Isaac-Renton, C. Clark, K. Rahn, and J. B. Kaper, J. Clin. Microbiol. 41:4930-4940, 2003). The most prevalent adhesin was that encoded by the iha gene (91%; 127 of 139 strains), which was distributed in all seropathotypes. toxB and efa1 were present mainly in strains of seropathotypes A and B, which were LEE positive. saa was present only in strains of seropathotypes C, D, and E, which were LEE negative. Two fimbrial genes, lpfA(O157/OI-141) and lpfA(O157/OI-154), were strongly associated with seropathotype A. The fimbrial gene lpfA(O113) was present in all seropathotypes except for seropathotype A, while sfpA was not present in any of the strains studied. The distribution of STEC adhesins depends mainly on serotypes and not on the source of isolation. Seropathotype A, which is associated with severe disease and frequently is involved in outbreaks, possesses a unique adhesin profile which is not present in the other seropathotypes. The wide distribution of iha in STEC strains suggested that it could be a candidate for vaccine development.

Role of Tir and Intimin in the Virulence of Rabbit Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Serotype O103:H2

PubMed Central

Marchès, Olivier; Nougayrède, Jean-Philippe; Boullier, Séverine; Mainil, Jacques; Charlier, Gérard; Raymond, Isabelle; Pohl, Pierre; Boury, Michèle; De Rycke, Jean; Milon, Alain; Oswald, Eric

2000-01-01

Attaching and effacing (A/E) rabbit enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (REPEC) strains belonging to serogroup O103 are an important cause of diarrhea in weaned rabbits. Like human EPEC strains, they possess the locus of enterocyte effacement clustering the genes involved in the formation of the A/E lesions. In addition, pathogenic REPEC O103 strains produce an Esp-dependent but Eae (intimin)-independent alteration of the host cell cytoskeleton characterized by the formation of focal adhesion complexes and the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton into bundles of stress fibers. To investigate the role of intimin and its translocated coreceptor (Tir) in the pathogenicity of REPEC, we have used a newly constructed isogenic tir null mutant together with a previously described eae null mutant. When human HeLa epithelial cells were infected, the tir mutant was still able to induce the formation of stress fibers as previously reported for the eae null mutant. When the rabbit epithelial cell line RK13 was used, REPEC O103 produced a classical fluorescent actin staining (FAS) effect, whereas both the eae and tir mutants were FAS negative. In a rabbit ligated ileal loop model, neither mutant was able to induce A/E lesions. In contrast to the parental strain, which intimately adhered to the enterocytes and destroyed the brush border microvilli, bacteria of both mutants were clustered in the mucus without reaching and damaging the microvilli. The role of intimin and Tir was then analyzed in vivo by oral inoculation of weaned rabbits. Although both mutants were still present in the intestinal flora of the rabbits 3 weeks after oral inoculation, neither mutant strain induced any clinical signs or significant weight loss in the inoculated rabbits whereas the parental strain caused the death of 90% of the inoculated rabbits. Nevertheless, an inflammatory infiltrate was present in the lamina propria of the rabbits infected with both mutants, with an inflammatory response greater for the eae null mutant. In conclusion, we have confirmed the role of intimin in virulence, and we have shown, for the first time, that Tir is also a key factor in vivo for pathogenicity. PMID:10722617

Role of tir and intimin in the virulence of rabbit enteropathogenic Escherichia coli serotype O103:H2.

PubMed

Marchès, O; Nougayrède, J P; Boullier, S; Mainil, J; Charlier, G; Raymond, I; Pohl, P; Boury, M; De Rycke, J; Milon, A; Oswald, E

2000-04-01

Attaching and effacing (A/E) rabbit enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (REPEC) strains belonging to serogroup O103 are an important cause of diarrhea in weaned rabbits. Like human EPEC strains, they possess the locus of enterocyte effacement clustering the genes involved in the formation of the A/E lesions. In addition, pathogenic REPEC O103 strains produce an Esp-dependent but Eae (intimin)-independent alteration of the host cell cytoskeleton characterized by the formation of focal adhesion complexes and the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton into bundles of stress fibers. To investigate the role of intimin and its translocated coreceptor (Tir) in the pathogenicity of REPEC, we have used a newly constructed isogenic tir null mutant together with a previously described eae null mutant. When human HeLa epithelial cells were infected, the tir mutant was still able to induce the formation of stress fibers as previously reported for the eae null mutant. When the rabbit epithelial cell line RK13 was used, REPEC O103 produced a classical fluorescent actin staining (FAS) effect, whereas both the eae and tir mutants were FAS negative. In a rabbit ligated ileal loop model, neither mutant was able to induce A/E lesions. In contrast to the parental strain, which intimately adhered to the enterocytes and destroyed the brush border microvilli, bacteria of both mutants were clustered in the mucus without reaching and damaging the microvilli. The role of intimin and Tir was then analyzed in vivo by oral inoculation of weaned rabbits. Although both mutants were still present in the intestinal flora of the rabbits 3 weeks after oral inoculation, neither mutant strain induced any clinical signs or significant weight loss in the inoculated rabbits whereas the parental strain caused the death of 90% of the inoculated rabbits. Nevertheless, an inflammatory infiltrate was present in the lamina propria of the rabbits infected with both mutants, with an inflammatory response greater for the eae null mutant. In conclusion, we have confirmed the role of intimin in virulence, and we have shown, for the first time, that Tir is also a key factor in vivo for pathogenicity.

Evaluation of the effects of sdiA, a luxR homologue, on adherence and motility of Escherichia coli O157 : H7.

PubMed

Sharma, Vijay K; Bearson, Shawn M D; Bearson, Bradley L

2010-05-01

Quorum-sensing (QS) signalling pathways are important regulatory networks for controlling the expression of genes promoting adherence of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157 : H7 to epithelial cells. A recent study has shown that EHEC O157 : H7 encodes a luxR homologue, called sdiA, which upon overexpression reduces the expression of genes encoding flagellar and locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) proteins, thus negatively impacting on the motility and intimate adherence phenotypes, respectively. Here, we show that the deletion of sdiA from EHEC O157 : H7 strain 86-24, and from a hha (a negative regulator of ler) mutant of this strain, enhanced bacterial adherence to HEp-2 epithelial cells of the sdiA mutant strains relative to the strains containing a wild-type copy of sdiA. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR showed that the expression of LEE-encoded genes ler, espA and eae in strains with the sdiA deletions was not significantly different from that of the strains wild-type for sdiA. Similarly, no additional increases in the expression of LEE genes were observed in a sdiA hha double mutant strain relative to that observed in the hha deletion mutant. While the expression of fliC, which encodes flagellin, was enhanced in the sdiA mutant strain, the expression of fliC was reduced by several fold in the hha mutant strain, irrespective of the presence or absence of sdiA, indicating that the genes sdiA and hha exert opposing effects on the expression of fliC. The strains with deletions in sdiA or hha showed enhanced expression of csgA, encoding curlin of the curli fimbriae, with the expression of csgA highest in the sdiA hha double mutant, suggesting an additive effect of these two gene deletions on the expression of csgA. No significant differences were observed in the expression of the genes lpfA and fimA of the operons encoding long polar and type 1 fimbriae in the sdiA mutant strain. These data indicate that SdiA has no significant effect on the expression of LEE genes, but that it appears to act as a strong repressor of genes encoding flagella and curli fimbriae, and the alleviation of the SdiA-mediated repression of these genes in an EHEC O157 : H7 sdiA mutant strain contributes to enhanced bacterial motility and increased adherence to HEp-2 epithelial cells.

Which Self-Presentation Style Is More Effective? A Comparison of Instructors' Self-Enhancing and Self-Effacing Styles across the Culture

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kim, Eun Joo; Berger, Charles; Kim, Joohan; Kim, Min-Sun

2014-01-01

Many studies have investigated how people perceive others' self-presentation styles (such as enhancement and effacement) in forming first impressions and how culture influences the process. Most of those studies have, however, investigated self-presentation styles in the context of informal and intimate interpersonal relations. Few studies have…

Relationship Between Proximal Aorta Morphology and Progression Rate of Aortic Stenosis.

PubMed

Capoulade, Romain; Teoh, Jonathan G; Bartko, Philipp E; Teo, Eliza; Scholtz, Jan-Erik; Tastet, Lionel; Shen, Mylene; Mihos, Christos G; Park, Yong H; Garcia, Julio; Larose, Eric; Isselbacher, Eric M; Sundt, Thoralf M; MacGillivray, Thomas E; Melnitchouk, Serguei; Ghoshhajra, Brian B; Pibarot, Philippe; Hung, Judy

2018-05-01

The aim of this study was to examine the association between abnormal morphology of the proximal aorta and aortic stenosis (AS) progression rate. The main hypothesis was that morphologic changes of the proximal aorta, such as effacement of the sinotubular junction (STJ), result in increased biomechanical stresses and contribute to calcification and progression of AS. Between 2010 and 2012, 426 patients with mild to moderate AS were included in this study. Proximal aortic dimensions were measured at three different levels (i.e., sinus of Valsalva, STJ, and ascending aorta), and sinuses of Valsalva/STJ and ascending aorta/STJ ratios were used to determine degree of aortic deformity. AS progression rate was assessed by annualized increase in mean gradient (median follow-up time, 3.1 years; interquartile range, 2.6-3.9 years). The degree of aortic flow turbulence was examined in 18 matched patients with and without STJ effacement using cardiac magnetic resonance phase-contrast imaging. Patients' mean age was 71 ± 13 years, and 64% were men. Patients with low ratios had greater AS progression (P < .05). After comprehensive adjustment, sinuses of Valsalva/STJ (P = .025) and ascending aorta/STJ (P = .027) ratios were independently associated with greater AS progression rate. Compared with patients without STJ effacement, those with effacement of the STJ had higher degrees of aortic flow turbulence (24.4% vs 17.2%, P = .038). Effacement of the STJ is independently associated with greater AS progression, regardless of arterial hemodynamics, aortic valve phenotype, or baseline AS severity. Patients with abnormal proximal aortic geometry had disturbed aortic flow patterns. These findings suggest an interrelation between proximal aorta morphology and stenosis progression. Copyright © 2017 American Society of Echocardiography. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Crk1/2-dependent signaling is necessary for podocyte foot process spreading in mouse models of glomerular disease

PubMed Central

George, Britta; Verma, Rakesh; Soofi, Abdulsalam A.; Garg, Puneet; Zhang, Jidong; Park, Tae-Ju; Giardino, Laura; Ryzhova, Larisa; Johnstone, Duncan B.; Wong, Hetty; Nihalani, Deepak; Salant, David J.; Hanks, Steven K.; Curran, Tom; Rastaldi, Maria Pia; Holzman, Lawrence B.

2012-01-01

The morphology of healthy podocyte foot processes is necessary for maintaining the characteristics of the kidney filtration barrier. In most forms of glomerular disease, abnormal filter barrier function results when podocytes undergo foot process spreading and retraction by remodeling their cytoskeletal architecture and intercellular junctions during a process known as effacement. The cell adhesion protein nephrin is necessary for establishing the morphology of the kidney podocyte in development by transducing from the specialized podocyte intercellular junction phosphorylation-mediated signals that regulate cytoskeletal dynamics. The present studies extend our understanding of nephrin function by showing that nephrin activation in cultured podocytes induced actin dynamics necessary for lamellipodial protrusion. This process required a PI3K-, Cas-, and Crk1/2-dependent signaling mechanism distinct from the previously described nephrin-Nck1/2 pathway necessary for assembly and polymerization of actin filaments. Our present findings also support the hypothesis that mechanisms governing lamellipodial protrusion in culture are similar to those used in vivo during foot process effacement in a subset of glomerular diseases. In mice, podocyte-specific deletion of Crk1/2 prevented foot process effacement in one model of podocyte injury and attenuated foot process effacement and associated proteinuria in a delayed fashion in a second model. In humans, focal adhesion kinase and Cas phosphorylation — markers of focal adhesion complex–mediated Crk-dependent signaling — was induced in minimal change disease and membranous nephropathy, but not focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Together, these observations suggest that activation of a Cas-Crk1/2–dependent complex is necessary for foot process effacement observed in distinct subsets of human glomerular diseases. PMID:22251701

Genetic diversity and virulence potential of shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O113:H21 strains isolated from clinical, environmental, and food sources.

PubMed

Feng, Peter C H; Delannoy, Sabine; Lacher, David W; Dos Santos, Luis Fernando; Beutin, Lothar; Fach, Patrick; Rivas, Marta; Hartland, Elizabeth L; Paton, Adrienne W; Guth, Beatriz E C

2014-08-01

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains of serotype O113:H21 have caused severe human diseases, but they are unusual in that they do not produce adherence factors coded by the locus of enterocyte effacement. Here, a PCR microarray was used to characterize 65 O113:H21 strains isolated from the environment, food, and clinical infections from various countries. In comparison to the pathogenic strains that were implicated in hemolytic-uremic syndrome in Australia, there were no clear differences between the pathogens and the environmental strains with respect to the 41 genetic markers tested. Furthermore, all of the strains carried only Shiga toxin subtypes associated with human infections, suggesting that the environmental strains have the potential to cause disease. Most of the O113:H21 strains were closely related and belonged in the same clonal group (ST-223), but CRISPR analysis showed a great degree of genetic diversity among the O113:H21 strains. Copyright © 2014, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Slugs: potential novel vectors of Escherichia coli O157.

PubMed

Sproston, Emma L; Macrae, M; Ogden, Iain D; Wilson, Michael J; Strachan, Norval J C

2006-01-01

Field and laboratory studies were performed to determine whether slugs could act as novel vectors for pathogen (e.g., Escherichia coli O157) transfer from animal feces to salad vegetables. Escherichia coli O157 was isolated from 0.21% of field slugs from an Aberdeenshire sheep farm. These isolates carried the verocytotoxin genes (vt1 and vt2) and the attaching and effacing gene (eae), suggesting that they are potentially pathogenic to humans. Strain typing using multilocus variable number tandem repeats analysis showed that slug and sheep isolates were indistinguishable. Laboratory experiments using an E. coli mutant resistant to nalidixic acid showed that the ubiquitous slug species Deroceras reticulatum could carry viable E. coli on its external surface for up to 14 days. Slugs that had been fed E. coli shed viable bacteria in their feces with numbers showing a short but statistically significant linear log decline. Further, it was found that E. coli persisted for up to 3 weeks in excreted slug feces, and hence, we conclude that slugs have the potential to act as novel vectors of E. coli O157.

Slugs: Potential Novel Vectors of Escherichia coli O157

PubMed Central

Sproston, Emma L.; Macrae, M.; Ogden, Iain D.; Wilson, Michael J.; Strachan, Norval J. C.

2006-01-01

Field and laboratory studies were performed to determine whether slugs could act as novel vectors for pathogen (e.g., Escherichia coli O157) transfer from animal feces to salad vegetables. Escherichia coli O157 was isolated from 0.21% of field slugs from an Aberdeenshire sheep farm. These isolates carried the verocytotoxin genes (vt1 and vt2) and the attaching and effacing gene (eae), suggesting that they are potentially pathogenic to humans. Strain typing using multilocus variable number tandem repeats analysis showed that slug and sheep isolates were indistinguishable. Laboratory experiments using an E. coli mutant resistant to nalidixic acid showed that the ubiquitous slug species Deroceras reticulatum could carry viable E. coli on its external surface for up to 14 days. Slugs that had been fed E. coli shed viable bacteria in their feces with numbers showing a short but statistically significant linear log decline. Further, it was found that E. coli persisted for up to 3 weeks in excreted slug feces, and hence, we conclude that slugs have the potential to act as novel vectors of E. coli O157. PMID:16391036

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli O125:H6 Triggers Attaching and Effacing Lesions on Human Intestinal Biopsy Specimens Independently of Nck and TccP/TccP2▿

PubMed Central

Bai, Li; Schüller, Stephanie; Whale, Andrew; Mousnier, Aurelie; Marches, Olivier; Wang, Lei; Ooka, Tadasuke; Heuschkel, Robert; Torrente, Franco; Kaper, James B.; Gomes, Tânia A. T.; Xu, Jianguo; Phillips, Alan D.; Frankel, Gad

2008-01-01

Typical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) employ either Nck, TccP/TccP2, or Nck and TccP/TccP2 pathways to activate the neuronal Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (N-WASP) and to trigger actin polymerization in cultured cells. This phenotype is used as a marker for the pathogenic potential of EPEC and EHEC strains. In this paper we report that EPEC O125:H6, which represents a large category of strains, lacks the ability to utilize either Nck or TccP/TccP2 and hence triggers actin polymerization in vitro only inefficiently. However, we show that infection of human intestinal biopsies with EPEC O125:H6 results in formation of typical attaching and effacing lesions. Expression of TccP in EPEC O125:H6, which harbors an EHEC O157-like Tir, resulted in efficient actin polymerization in vitro and enhanced colonization of human intestinal in vitro organ cultures with detectable N-WASP and electron-dense material at the site of bacterial adhesion. These results show the existence of a natural category of EPEC that colonizes the gut mucosa using Nck- and TccP-independent mechanisms. Importantly, the results highlight yet again the fact that conclusions made on the basis of in vitro cell culture models cannot be extrapolated wholesale to infection of mucosal surfaces and that the ability to induce actin polymerization on cultured cells should not be used as a definitive marker for EPEC and EHEC virulence. PMID:17984209

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli O125:H6 triggers attaching and effacing lesions on human intestinal biopsy specimens independently of Nck and TccP/TccP2.

PubMed

Bai, Li; Schüller, Stephanie; Whale, Andrew; Mousnier, Aurelie; Marches, Olivier; Wang, Lei; Ooka, Tadasuke; Heuschkel, Robert; Torrente, Franco; Kaper, James B; Gomes, Tânia A T; Xu, Jianguo; Phillips, Alan D; Frankel, Gad

2008-01-01

Typical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) employ either Nck, TccP/TccP2, or Nck and TccP/TccP2 pathways to activate the neuronal Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (N-WASP) and to trigger actin polymerization in cultured cells. This phenotype is used as a marker for the pathogenic potential of EPEC and EHEC strains. In this paper we report that EPEC O125:H6, which represents a large category of strains, lacks the ability to utilize either Nck or TccP/TccP2 and hence triggers actin polymerization in vitro only inefficiently. However, we show that infection of human intestinal biopsies with EPEC O125:H6 results in formation of typical attaching and effacing lesions. Expression of TccP in EPEC O125:H6, which harbors an EHEC O157-like Tir, resulted in efficient actin polymerization in vitro and enhanced colonization of human intestinal in vitro organ cultures with detectable N-WASP and electron-dense material at the site of bacterial adhesion. These results show the existence of a natural category of EPEC that colonizes the gut mucosa using Nck- and TccP-independent mechanisms. Importantly, the results highlight yet again the fact that conclusions made on the basis of in vitro cell culture models cannot be extrapolated wholesale to infection of mucosal surfaces and that the ability to induce actin polymerization on cultured cells should not be used as a definitive marker for EPEC and EHEC virulence.

Disarming Bacterial Virulence through Chemical Inhibition of the DNA Binding Domain of an AraC-like Transcriptional Activator Protein*

PubMed Central

Yang, Ji; Hocking, Dianna M.; Cheng, Catherine; Dogovski, Con; Perugini, Matthew A.; Holien, Jessica K.; Parker, Michael W.; Hartland, Elizabeth L.; Tauschek, Marija; Robins-Browne, Roy M.

2013-01-01

The misuse of antibiotics during past decades has led to pervasive antibiotic resistance in bacteria. Hence, there is an urgent need for the development of new and alternative approaches to combat bacterial infections. In most bacterial pathogens the expression of virulence is tightly regulated at the transcriptional level. Therefore, targeting pathogens with drugs that interfere with virulence gene expression offers an effective alternative to conventional antimicrobial chemotherapy. Many Gram-negative intestinal pathogens produce AraC-like proteins that control the expression of genes required for infection. In this study we investigated the prototypical AraC-like virulence regulator, RegA, from the mouse attaching and effacing pathogen, Citrobacter rodentium, as a potential drug target. By screening a small molecule chemical library and chemical optimization, we identified two compounds that specifically inhibited the ability of RegA to activate its target promoters and thus reduced expression of a number of proteins required for virulence. Biophysical, biochemical, genetic, and computational analyses indicated that the more potent of these two compounds, which we named regacin, disrupts the DNA binding capacity of RegA by interacting with amino acid residues within a conserved region of the DNA binding domain. Oral administration of regacin to mice, commencing 15 min before or 12 h after oral inoculation with C. rodentium, caused highly significant attenuation of intestinal colonization by the mouse pathogen comparable to that of an isogenic regA-deletion mutant. These findings demonstrate that chemical inhibition of the DNA binding domains of transcriptional regulators is a viable strategy for the development of antimicrobial agents that target bacterial pathogens. PMID:24019519

A type III effector antagonizes death receptor signalling during bacterial gut infection.

PubMed

Pearson, Jaclyn S; Giogha, Cristina; Ong, Sze Ying; Kennedy, Catherine L; Kelly, Michelle; Robinson, Keith S; Lung, Tania Wong Fok; Mansell, Ashley; Riedmaier, Patrice; Oates, Clare V L; Zaid, Ali; Mühlen, Sabrina; Crepin, Valerie F; Marches, Olivier; Ang, Ching-Seng; Williamson, Nicholas A; O'Reilly, Lorraine A; Bankovacki, Aleksandra; Nachbur, Ueli; Infusini, Giuseppe; Webb, Andrew I; Silke, John; Strasser, Andreas; Frankel, Gad; Hartland, Elizabeth L

2013-09-12

Successful infection by enteric bacterial pathogens depends on the ability of the bacteria to colonize the gut, replicate in host tissues and disseminate to other hosts. Pathogens such as Salmonella, Shigella and enteropathogenic and enterohaemorrhagic (EPEC and EHEC, respectively) Escherichia coli use a type III secretion system (T3SS) to deliver virulence effector proteins into host cells during infection that promote colonization and interfere with antimicrobial host responses. Here we report that the T3SS effector NleB1 from EPEC binds to host cell death-domain-containing proteins and thereby inhibits death receptor signalling. Protein interaction studies identified FADD, TRADD and RIPK1 as binding partners of NleB1. NleB1 expressed ectopically or injected by the bacterial T3SS prevented Fas ligand or TNF-induced formation of the canonical death-inducing signalling complex (DISC) and proteolytic activation of caspase-8, an essential step in death-receptor-induced apoptosis. This inhibition depended on the N-acetylglucosamine transferase activity of NleB1, which specifically modified Arg 117 in the death domain of FADD. The importance of the death receptor apoptotic pathway to host defence was demonstrated using mice deficient in the FAS signalling pathway, which showed delayed clearance of the EPEC-like mouse pathogen Citrobacter rodentium and reversion to virulence of an nleB mutant. The activity of NleB suggests that EPEC and other attaching and effacing pathogens antagonize death-receptor-induced apoptosis of infected cells, thereby blocking a major antimicrobial host response.

Finding Coefficients of the Full Array of Motion-Independent N-Body Potentials of Metric Gravity from Gravity's Exterior and Interior Effacement Algebra

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nordtvedt, Kenneth

2018-01-01

In the author's previous publications, a recursive linear algebraic method was introduced for obtaining (without gravitational radiation) the full potential expansions for the gravitational metric field components and the Lagrangian for a general N-body system. Two apparent properties of gravity— Exterior Effacement and Interior Effacement—were defined and fully enforced to obtain the recursive algebra, especially for the motion-independent potential expansions of the general N-body situation. The linear algebraic equations of this method determine the potential coefficients at any order n of the expansions in terms of the lower-order coefficients. Then, enforcing Exterior and Interior Effacement on a selecedt few potential series of the full motion-independent potential expansions, the complete exterior metric field for a single, spherically-symmetric mass source was obtained, producing the Schwarzschild metric field of general relativity. In this fourth paper of this series, the complete spatial metric's motion-independent potentials for N bodies are obtained using enforcement of Interior Effacement and knowledge of the Schwarzschild potentials. From the full spatial metric, the complete set of temporal metric potentials and Lagrangian potentials in the motion-independent case can then be found by transfer equations among the coefficients κ( n, α) → λ( n, ɛ) → ξ( n, α) with κ( n, α), λ( n, ɛ), ξ( n, α) being the numerical coefficients in the spatial metric, the Lagrangian, and the temporal metric potential expansions, respectively.

[Phenotypic variations of susceptibility in Klebsiella pneumoniae strains of nosocomial origin and their association with biofilm formation].

PubMed

Barreto, Silvio; Zambrano, María; Araque, María

2009-06-01

Klebsiella pneumoniae is the principal opportunist pathogen associated with nosocomial infections. The morbidity and mortality produced by this microorganism is related mostly to antimicrobial resistance and its capacity to form biofilms. In this study, the phenotypic variations of susceptibility in 50 Klebsiella pneumoniae strains (26 betaLEE-producer and 24 no betaLEE-producer) isolated from pediatric patients with nosocomial septicemia at the High-risk Neonatal Unit of the Instituto Aut6nomo Hospital Universitario de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela and their associations with biofilm formation were analyzed. These strains were biochemically identified by standard microbiology methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by minimal inhibitory concentration and biofilm formation was detected by spectrophotometric techniques. Most of betaLEE strains were frequently associated with resistance markers such as tobramycin, kanamycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol (38% each), streptomycin (36%) and netilmicin (34%). The predominant multiresistent phenotype was composed of betaLEE+ -AMG-TET-CLF (30%). 18% of K. pneumoniae strains were sensible to the antibiotics tested. Formation of biofilm was observed in 77.8% and 96.2% of sensible and resistent strains, respectively. There was no statistic relation between phenotipic variations of susceptibility and biofilm formation (p > = 0.05). However, both characteristics of K. pneumoniae should be evaluated to determine the therapeutic conduct to treat patients with nosocomial infection.

Characterization of the Novel Factor Paa Involved in the Early Steps of the Adhesion Mechanism of Attaching and Effacing Escherichia coli

PubMed Central

Batisson, Isabelle; Guimond, Marie-Pierre; Girard, Francis; An, Hongyan; Zhu, Chengru; Oswald, Eric; Fairbrother, John M.; Jacques, Mario; Harel, Josée

2003-01-01

Nonenterotoxigenic porcine Escherichia coli strains belonging to the serogroup O45 have been associated with postweaning diarrhea in swine and adhere to intestinal epithelial cells in a characteristic attaching and effacing (A/E) pattern. O45 porcine enteropathogenic E. coli (PEPEC) strain 86-1390 induces typical A/E lesions in a pig ileal explant model. Using TnphoA transposon insertion mutagenesis on strain 86-1390, we found a mutant that did not induce A/E lesions. The insertion was identified in a gene designated paa (porcine A/E-associated gene). Sequence analysis of paa revealed an open reading frame of 753 bp encoding a 27.6-kDa protein which displayed 100, 51.8, and 49% homology with Paa of enterohemorrhagic E. coli O157:H7 strains (EDL933 and Sakai), PEB3 of Campylobacter jejuni, and AcfC of Vibrio cholerae, respectively. Chromosomal localization studies indicated that the region containing paa was inserted between the yciD and yciE genes at about 28.3 min of the E. coli K-12 chromosome. The presence of paa and eae sequences in the porcine O45 strains is highly correlated with the A/E phenotype. However, the observation that three eae-positive but paa-negative PEPEC O45 strains were A/E negative provides further evidence for the importance of the paa gene in the A/E activity of O45 strains. As well, the complementation of the paa mutant restored the A/E activity of the 86-1390 strain, showing the involvement of Paa in PEPEC pathogenicity. These observations suggest that Paa contributes to the early stages of A/E E. coli virulence. PMID:12874331

Characterization of the novel factor paa involved in the early steps of the adhesion mechanism of attaching and effacing Escherichia coli.

PubMed

Batisson, Isabelle; Guimond, Marie-Pierre; Girard, Francis; An, Hongyan; Zhu, Chengru; Oswald, Eric; Fairbrother, John M; Jacques, Mario; Harel, Josée

2003-08-01

Nonenterotoxigenic porcine Escherichia coli strains belonging to the serogroup O45 have been associated with postweaning diarrhea in swine and adhere to intestinal epithelial cells in a characteristic attaching and effacing (A/E) pattern. O45 porcine enteropathogenic E. coli (PEPEC) strain 86-1390 induces typical A/E lesions in a pig ileal explant model. Using TnphoA transposon insertion mutagenesis on strain 86-1390, we found a mutant that did not induce A/E lesions. The insertion was identified in a gene designated paa (porcine A/E-associated gene). Sequence analysis of paa revealed an open reading frame of 753 bp encoding a 27.6-kDa protein which displayed 100, 51.8, and 49% homology with Paa of enterohemorrhagic E. coli O157:H7 strains (EDL933 and Sakai), PEB3 of Campylobacter jejuni, and AcfC of Vibrio cholerae, respectively. Chromosomal localization studies indicated that the region containing paa was inserted between the yciD and yciE genes at about 28.3 min of the E. coli K-12 chromosome. The presence of paa and eae sequences in the porcine O45 strains is highly correlated with the A/E phenotype. However, the observation that three eae-positive but paa-negative PEPEC O45 strains were A/E negative provides further evidence for the importance of the paa gene in the A/E activity of O45 strains. As well, the complementation of the paa mutant restored the A/E activity of the 86-1390 strain, showing the involvement of Paa in PEPEC pathogenicity. These observations suggest that Paa contributes to the early stages of A/E E. coli virulence.

Shiga toxin-converting phages and the emergence of new pathogenic Escherichia coli: a world in motion

PubMed Central

Tozzoli, Rosangela; Grande, Laura; Michelacci, Valeria; Ranieri, Paola; Maugliani, Antonella; Caprioli, Alfredo; Morabito, Stefano

2014-01-01

Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are pathogenic E. coli causing diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis (HC) and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). STEC are characterized by a constellation of virulence factors additional to Stx and have long been regarded as capable to cause HC and HUS when possessing the ability of inducing the attaching and effacing (A/E) lesion to the enterocyte, although strains isolated from such severe infections sometimes lack this virulence feature. Interestingly, the capability to cause the A/E lesion is shared with another E. coli pathogroup, the Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC). In the very recent times, a different type of STEC broke the scene causing a shift in the paradigm for HUS-associated STEC. In 2011, a STEC O104:H4 caused a large outbreak with more than 800 HUS and 50 deaths. Such a strain presented the adhesion determinants of Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAggEC). We investigated the possibility that, besides STEC and EAggEC, other pathogenic E. coli could be susceptible to infection with stx-phages. A panel of stx2-phages obtained from STEC isolated from human disease was used to infect experimentally E. coli strains representing all the known pathogenic types, including both diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC) and extra-intestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC). We observed that all the E. coli pathogroups used in the infection experiments were susceptible to the infection. Our results suggest that the stx2-phages used may not have specificity for E. coli adapted to the intestinal environment, at least in the conditions used. Additionally, we could only observe transient lysogens suggesting that the event of stable stx2-phage acquisition occurs rarely. PMID:24999453

Rapid Methods for the Laboratory Identification of Pathogenic Microorganisms.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-09-01

for the use of plant proteins, called lectins, in diagnostic microbiology. We studied lectin interactions with Staphylococcus, Legionella, Streptococcus ...commercial sources (BBL and Difco). Thethree Brucella species: suis abortus, and melitensis were also purchased from BBL and Difco. Lectins were obtained...that are killed by antibiotic treatment rather than formalin. Lee Laboratories in Georgia has offered to prepare these antigens for us according to our

A type III effector antagonises death receptor signalling during bacterial gut infection

PubMed Central

Pearson, Jaclyn S; Giogha, Cristina; Ong, Sze Ying; Kennedy, Catherine L; Kelly, Michelle; Robinson, Keith S; Wong, Tania; Mansell, Ashley; Riedmaier, Patrice; Oates, Clare VL; Zaid, Ali; Mühlen, Sabrina; Crepin, Valerie F; Marches, Olivier; Ang, Ching-Seng; Williamson, Nicholas A; O’Reilly, Lorraine A; Bankovacki, Aleksandra; Nachbur, Ueli; Infusini, Giuseppe; Webb, Andrew I; Silke, John; Strasser, Andreas; Frankel, Gad; Hartland, Elizabeth L

2013-01-01

Successful infection by enteric bacterial pathogens depends on the ability of the bacteria to colonise the gut, replicate in host tissues and disseminate to other hosts. Pathogens such as Salmonella, Shigella and enteropathogenic and enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EPEC and EHEC), utilise a type III secretion system (T3SS) to deliver virulence effector proteins into host cells during infection that promote colonisation and interfere with antimicrobial host responses 1-3. Here we report that the T3SS effector NleB1 from EPEC binds to host cell death domain containing proteins and thereby inhibits death receptor signalling. Protein interaction studies identified FADD, TRADD and RIPK1 as binding partners of NleB1. NleB1 expressed ectopically or injected by the bacterial T3SS prevented Fas ligand or TNF-induced formation of the canonical death inducing signalling complex (DISC) and proteolytic activation of caspase-8, an essential step in death receptor induced apoptosis. This inhibition depended on the N-GlcNAc transferase activity of NleB1, which specifically modified Arg117 in the death domain of FADD. The importance of the death receptor apoptotic pathway to host defence was demonstrated using mice deficient in the FAS signalling pathway, which showed delayed clearance of the EPEC-like mouse pathogen Citrobacter rodentium and reversion to virulence of an nleB mutant. The activity of NleB suggests that EPEC and other attaching and effacing (A/E) pathogens antagonise death receptor induced apoptosis of infected cells, thereby blocking a major antimicrobial host response. PMID:24025841

Serotypes, virulence markers and cell invasion ability of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains isolated from healthy dairy cattle.

PubMed

Gonzalez, A G M; Cerqueira, A M F; Guth, B E C; Coutinho, C A; Liberal, M H T; Souza, R M; Andrade, J R C

2016-10-01

The occurrence of virulence markers, serotypes and invasive ability were investigated in Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) isolated from faecal samples of healthy dairy cattle at Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. From 1562 stx-positive faecal samples, 105 STEC strains were isolated by immuno-magnetic separation (IMS) or plating onto MacConkey agar (MC) followed by colony hybridisation. Fifty (47·6%) strains belonged to nine serotypes (O8:H19, O22:H8, O22:H16, O74:H42, O113:H21, O141:H21, O157:H7, O171:H2 and ONT:H21). The prevalent serotypes were O157:H7 (12·4%), O113:H21 (6·7%) and O8:H19 (5·7%). Virulence genes were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). E-hlyA (77·1%) was the more prevalent virulence marker, followed by espP (64·8%), saa (39%), eae (24·8%) and astA (21·9%). All O157:H7 strains carried the γ (gamma) variant of the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) genes and the stx2c gene, while the stx1/stx2 genotype prevailed among the eae-negative strains. None of the eae-positive STEC produced the localized adherence (LA) phenotype in HEp-2 or Caco-2 cells. However, intimate attachment (judged by the fluorescent actin staining test) was detected in some eae-positive strains, both in HEp-2 (23·1%) and in Caco-2 cells (11·5%). Most strains (87·5%) showed 'peripheral association' (PA) adherence phenotype to undifferentiated Caco-2 cells. Twenty-five (92·6%) of 27 strains invaded Caco-2 cells. The highest average value of invasion (9·6%) was observed among the eae-negative bovine strains from serotypes described in human disease. Healthy dairy cattle is a reservoir of STEC carrying virulence genes and properties associated with human disease. Although reports of human disease associated with STEC are scarce in Brazil, the colonization of the animal reservoir by potentially pathogenic strains offers a significant risk to our population. © 2016 The Society for Applied Microbiology.

Connexin 26 facilitates gastrointestinal bacterial infection in vitro.

PubMed

Simpson, Charlotte; Kelsell, David P; Marchès, Olivier

2013-01-01

Escherichia coli, including enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), represents the most common cause of diarrhoea worldwide and is therefore a serious public health burden. Treatment for gastrointestinal pathogens is hindered by the emergence of multiple antibiotic resistance, leading to the requirement for the development of new therapies. A variety of mechanisms act in combination to mediate gastrointestinal-bacterial-associated diarrhoea development. For example, EPEC infection of enterocytes induces attaching and effacing lesion formation and the disruption of tight junctions. An alternative enteric pathogen, Shigella flexneri, manipulates the expression of Connexin 26 (Cx26), a gap junction protein. S. flexneri can open Cx26 hemichannels allowing the release of ATP, whereas HeLa cells expressing mutant gap-junction-associated Cx26 are less susceptible to cellular invasion by S. flexneri than cells expressing wild-type (WT) Cx26. We have investigated further the link between Cx26 expression and gastrointestinal infection by using EPEC and S. flexneri as in vitro models of infection. In this study, a significant reduction in EPEC adherence was observed in cells expressing mutant Cx26 compared with WT Cx26. Furthermore, a significant reduction in both cellular invasion by S. flexneri and adherence by EPEC was demonstrated in human intestinal cell lines following treatment with Cx26 short interfering RNA. These in vitro results suggest that the loss of functional Cx26 expression provides improved protection against gastrointestinal bacterial pathogens. Thus, Cx26 represents a potential therapeutic target for gastrointestinal bacterial infection.

Structure Function Analysis of the Ferric Uptake Regulator (Fur) of Helicobacter pylori

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-03-17

Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and Vibrio vulnificus and hemochromatosis (125). In addition, iron overload in haemodialysis patients is...transcriptional regulation of an iron-regulated virulence gene in Vibrio cholerae. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88:1125-9. 89. Goodwin, C. S., J. A...via direct interaction of Fur in a pathogenic bacterium, Vibrio vulnificus. J Bacteriol 189:2629-36. 76 130. Lee, H. J., K. J. Park, A. Y

Escherichia albertii Inactivation following l-Lactic Acid Exposure or Cooking in Ground Beef.

PubMed

Jones-Ibarra, Amie M; Wall, Kayley R; Vuia-Riser, Jennifer; Kerth, Chris R; Castillo, Alejandro; Taylor, T Matthew

2016-09-01

Escherichia albertii is an emerging foodborne pathogen recovered from young children and adults exhibiting symptoms of gastroenteritis via pathogenesis factors including attaching and effacing lesions, cytolethal distending toxin, and Shiga toxin variants. Study objectives were to determine E. albertii survival following (i) exposure to lactic acid as a function of solution pH and incubation period and (ii) cooking ground beef patties to different endpoint temperatures. E. albertii was incubated in phosphate buffer containing 3.0% l-lactic acid adjusted to pH 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, or 7.0; survivors were determined every 30 min for 150 min. Ground beef patties (80% lean) were cooked to temperature endpoints simulating undercooking (62°C), the minimum temperature for safe cooking (71.1°C), and cooking to well done (76°C). Maximal pathogen reduction was observed after a 30-min exposure to pH 3.0 l-lactic acid. Reductions of 3.9, 4.4, and 4.9 log CFU/g were obtained following cooking ground beef patties to 62, 71.1, and 76°C, respectively, but the reductions did not differ as a function of the endpoint cooking temperature (P ≥ 0.05). E. albertii may be controlled on beef through the proper application of antimicrobial interventions and cooking.

Muc2 Protects against Lethal Infectious Colitis by Disassociating Pathogenic and Commensal Bacteria from the Colonic Mucosa

PubMed Central

Bergstrom, Kirk S. B.; Kissoon-Singh, Vanessa; Gibson, Deanna L.; Ma, Caixia; Montero, Marinieve; Sham, Ho Pan; Ryz, Natasha; Huang, Tina; Velcich, Anna; Finlay, B. Brett; Chadee, Kris; Vallance, Bruce A.

2010-01-01

Despite recent advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis of attaching and effacing (A/E) Escherichia coli infections, the mechanisms by which the host defends against these microbes are unclear. The goal of this study was to determine the role of goblet cell-derived Muc2, the major intestinal secretory mucin and primary component of the mucus layer, in host protection against A/E pathogens. To assess the role of Muc2 during A/E bacterial infections, we inoculated Muc2 deficient (Muc2−/−) mice with Citrobacter rodentium, a murine A/E pathogen related to diarrheagenic A/E E. coli. Unlike wildtype (WT) mice, infected Muc2−/− mice exhibited rapid weight loss and suffered up to 90% mortality. Stool plating demonstrated 10–100 fold greater C. rodentium burdens in Muc2−/− vs. WT mice, most of which were found to be loosely adherent to the colonic mucosa. Histology of Muc2−/− mice revealed ulceration in the colon amid focal bacterial microcolonies. Metabolic labeling of secreted mucins in the large intestine demonstrated that mucin secretion was markedly increased in WT mice during infection compared to uninfected controls, suggesting that the host uses increased mucin release to flush pathogens from the mucosal surface. Muc2 also impacted host-commensal interactions during infection, as FISH analysis revealed C. rodentium microcolonies contained numerous commensal microbes, which was not observed in WT mice. Orally administered FITC-Dextran and FISH staining showed significantly worsened intestinal barrier disruption in Muc2−/− vs. WT mice, with overt pathogen and commensal translocation into the Muc2−/− colonic mucosa. Interestingly, commensal depletion enhanced C. rodentium colonization of Muc2−/− mice, although colonic pathology was not significantly altered. In conclusion, Muc2 production is critical for host protection during A/E bacterial infections, by limiting overall pathogen and commensal numbers associated with the colonic mucosal surface. Such actions limit tissue damage and translocation of pathogenic and commensal bacteria across the epithelium. PMID:20485566

Pathogenic bacteria induce colonic PepT1 expression: an implication in host defense response

PubMed Central

Nguyen, Hang Thi Thu; Dalmasso, Guillaume; Powell, Kimberly R.; Yan, Yutao; Bhatt, Shantanu; Kalman, Daniel; Sitaraman, Shanthi; Merlin, Didier

2009-01-01

Background & Aims Expression of the di/tripeptide transporter PepT1 has been observed in the colon under inflammatory conditions, however, the inducing factors and underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we address the effects of pathogenic bacteria on colonic PepT1 expression together with its functional consequences. Methods Human colonic HT29-Cl.19A cells were infected with the attaching and effacing (A/E) enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC). Wild-type and PepT1 transgenic mice or cultured colonic tissues derived from these mice were infected with Citrobacter rodentium, a murine A/E pathogen related to EPEC. Results EPEC induced PepT1 expression and activity in HT29-Cl.19A cells by intimately attaching to host cells through lipid rafts. Induction of PepT1 expression by EPEC required the transcription factor Cdx2. PepT1 expression reduced binding of EPEC to lipid rafts, as well as activation of NF-κB and MAP kinase and production of IL-8. Accordingly, ex vivo and in vivo experiments revealed that C. rodentium induced colonic PepT1 expression and that, compared to their wild-type counterparts, PepT1 transgenic mice infected with C. rodentium exhibited decreased bacterial colonization, production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and neutrophil infiltration into the colon. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate a molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of colonic PepT1 expression under pathological conditions and reveal a novel role for PepT1 in host defense via its capacity to modulate bacterial-epithelial interactions and intestinal inflammation. PMID:19549526

Edwardsiella piscicida-like pathogen in cultured grouper.

PubMed

Ucko, Michal; Colorni, Angelo; Dubytska, Lidiya; Thune, Ronald L

2016-09-26

An Edwardsiella sp. was isolated from the kidney of diseased groupers (Epinephelus aeneus and E. marginatus) cultured in Eilat (Israel, Red Sea). Affected fish presented a severe suppurative nephritis with large abscesses occasionally spreading into the surrounding musculature. Biochemical profiles and phenotypic comparisons failed to provide a clear identification to the species level, and genetic analysis of the 16S subunit failed to discriminate between Edwardsiella piscicida, E. tarda and E. ictaluri. Analysis of the gyrB gene, however, placed the grouper isolates into the E. piscicida-like group, a newly recognized taxon which also encompasses the non-motile strains previously classified as atypical E. tarda. Initial genomic analysis revealed the presence of the Edwardsiella type 3 secretion system (T3SS) but also revealed a pathogenicity island encoding a second T3SS with homology to the locus of enterocyte effacement of Escherichia coli. Further analysis revealed 3 different type 6 secretion systems that were also present in all sequenced isolates of Edwardsiella piscicida-like strains. Based on estimated DNA-DNA hybridization values and the average nucleotide index, the grouper strain fits into the E. piscicida-like phylogroup described as E. anguillarum sp. nov. The peculiarities associated with this isolate and the association of other conspecific piscine isolates from multiple marine and brackish water species suggest a link of the entire E. piscicida-like phylogroup to the marine environment.

Crk1/2 and CrkL form a hetero-oligomer and functionally complement each other during podocyte morphogenesis

PubMed Central

Zhang, Jidong; Verma, Rakesh; Park, Tae-Ju; Wong, Hetty; Curran, Tom; Nihalani, Deepak; Holzman, Lawrence B.

2014-01-01

Activation of the slit diaphragm protein Nephrin induces actin cytoskeletal remodeling resulting in lamellipodia formation in podocytes in vitro in a phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase, focal adhesion kinase, Cas, and Crk1/2-dependent fashion. In mice, podocyte-specific deletion of Crk1/2 prevents or attenuates foot process effacement in two models of podocyte injury. This suggests that cellular mechanisms governing lamellipodial protrusion in vitro are similar to those in vivo during foot process effacement. Since Crk1/2 null mice develop and aged normally, we tested whether the Crk1/2 paralog, CrkL, functionally complements Crk1/2 in a podocyte-specific context. Podocyte-specific CrkL null mice, like podocyte-specific Crk1/2 null mice, developed and aged normally but were protected from protamine sulfate-induced foot process effacement. Simultaneous podocyte-specific deletion of Crk1/2 and CrkL resulted in albuminuria detected by six weeks post-partum and associated with altered podocyte process architecture. Nephrin-induced lamellipodia formation in podocytes in vitro was CrkL-dependent. CrkL formed a heterooligomer with Crk2 and, like Crk2, was recruited to tyrosine phosphorylated Nephrin. Thus, Crk1/2 and CrkL are physically-linked, functionally complement each other during podocyte foot process spreading, and together are required for developing typical foot process architecture. PMID:24499776

OI-57, a Genomic Island of Escherichia coli O157, Is Present in Other Seropathotypes of Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli Associated with Severe Human Disease▿

PubMed Central

Imamovic, Lejla; Tozzoli, Rosangela; Michelacci, Valeria; Minelli, Fabio; Marziano, Maria Luisa; Caprioli, Alfredo; Morabito, Stefano

2010-01-01

Strains of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are a heterogeneous E. coli group that may cause severe disease in humans. STEC have been categorized into seropathotypes (SPTs) based on their phenotypic and molecular characteristics and the clinical features of the associated diseases. SPTs range from A to E, according to a decreasing rank of pathogenicity. To define the virulence gene asset (“virulome”) characterizing the highly pathogenic SPTs, we used microarray hybridization to compare the whole genomes of STEC belonging to SPTs B, C, and D with that of STEC O157 (SPT A). The presence of the open reading frames (ORFs) associated with SPTs A and B was subsequently investigated by PCR in a larger panel of STEC and in other E. coli strains. A genomic island termed OI-57 was present in SPTs A and B but not in the other SPTs. OI-57 harbors the putative virulence gene adfO, encoding a factor enhancing the adhesivity of STEC O157, and ckf, encoding a putative killing factor for the bacterial cell. PCR analyses showed that OI-57 was present in its entirety in the majority of the STEC genomes examined, indicating that it represents a stable acquisition of the positive clonal lineages. OI-57 was also present in a high proportion of the human enteropathogenic E. coli genomes assayed, suggesting that it could be involved in the attaching-and-effacing colonization of the intestinal mucosa. In conclusion, OI-57 appears to be part of the virulome of pathogenic STEC and further studies are needed to elucidate its role in the pathogenesis of STEC infections. PMID:20823207

Antibiotic resistance and growth of the emergent pathogen Escherichia albertii on raw ground beef stored under refrigeration, abuse, and physiological temperature.

PubMed

Perez, Keila L; Alam, M Jahangir; Castillo, Alejandro; Taylor, T Matthew

2013-01-01

Escherichia albertii is an emerging gram-negative facultative rod that has been implicated in multiple cases of human diarrheal disease, particularly in young children. When biochemical and other typing methods have been used, this organism has often been misidentified due to similarities with other members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Isolates have been reported to be capable of producing attachment and effacement lesions via the synthesis of intimin, cytolethal distending toxin, and a variant form of Shiga toxin. The purposes of this study were to characterize the antibiotic resistance characteristics and the growth of individual strains of E. albertii on raw ground beef at different storage temperatures. Nalidixic acid-resistant strains of E. albertii were inoculated onto raw ground beef to a target of 4.0 log CFU/g, and samples were then aerobically incubated at 5, 22, or 35°C for various time periods prior to microbiological enumeration of the pathogen on lactose-free MacConkey agar containing 50 mg of nalidixic acid per liter and 0.5% L-rhamnose. Antibiotic resistance was determined using a broth microdilution assay. E. albertii did not grow at 5°C, with populations declining slowly over 14 days of refrigerated storage. Strains of the organism grew well under abusive storage, increasing by 2.5 to 3.1 log CFU/g and 4.1 to 4.3 log CFU/g after 24 h at 22 and 35°C, respectively. All strains were resistant to tetracycline but were sensitive to tested cephalosporins and chloramphenicol. Resistance to penicillin was observed, but susceptibility to other members of the b -lactam group, including ampicillin, amoxicillin, and clavulanic acid, was recorded. E. albertii represents an emerging pathogen with a probable foodborne transmission route. Future research should focus on verifying food process measures able to inactivate the pathogen.

Edwin Lee | NREL

Science.gov Websites

Edwin Lee Photo of Edwin Lee Edwin Lee Researcher III-Mechanical Engineering Edwin.Lee@nrel.gov | 303-275-3110 Edwin Lee joined NREL in 2013 and works in the Commercial Buildings Research Group. He

A Review of Podocyte Biology.

PubMed

Garg, Puneet

2018-05-31

Podocyte biology is a developing science that promises to help improve understanding of the mechanistic nature of multiple diseases associated with proteinuria. Proteinuria in nephrotic syndrome has been linked to mechanistic dysfunctions in the renal glomerulus involving the function of podocyte epithelial cells, including podocyte foot process effacement. Developments in imaging technology are improving knowledge of the detailed structure of the human renal glomerulus and cortex. Podocyte foot processes attach themselves to the glomerular capillaries at the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) forming intercellular junctions that form slit diaphragm filtration barriers that help maintain normal renal function. Damage in this area has been implicated in glomerular disease. Injured podocytes undergo effacement whereby they lose their structure and spread out, leading to a reduction in filtration barrier function. Effacement is typically associated with the presence of proteinuria in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, minimal change disease, and diabetes. It is thought to be due to a breakdown in the actin cytoskeleton of the foot processes, complex contractile apparatuses that allow podocytes to dynamically reorganize according to changes in filtration requirements. The process of podocyte depletion correlates with the development of glomerular sclerosis and chronic kidney disease. Focal adhesion complexes that interact with the underlying GBM bind the podocytes within the glomerular structure and prevent their detachment. Key Messages: Knowledge of glomerular podocyte biology is helping to advance our understanding of the science and mechanics of the glomerular filtering process, opening the way to a variety of new potential applications for clinical targeting. © 2018 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Fermented dairy products modulate Citrobacter rodentium-induced colonic hyperplasia.

PubMed

Collins, James W; Chervaux, Christian; Raymond, Benoit; Derrien, Muriel; Brazeilles, Rémi; Kosta, Artemis; Chambaud, Isabelle; Crepin, Valerie F; Frankel, Gad

2014-10-01

We evaluated the protective effects of fermented dairy products (FDPs) in an infection model, using the mouse pathogen Citrobacter rodentium (CR). Treatment of mice with FDP formulas A, B, and C or a control product did not affect CR colonization, organ specificity, or attaching and effacing lesion formation. Fermented dairy product A (FDP-A), but neither the supernatant from FDP-A nor β-irradiated (IR) FDP-A, caused a significant reduction in colonic crypt hyperplasia and CR-associated pathology. Profiling the gut microbiota revealed that IR-FDP-A promoted higher levels of phylotypes belonging to Alcaligenaceae and a decrease in Lachnospiraceae (Ruminococcus) during CR infection. Conversely, FDP-A prevented a decrease in Ruminococcus and increased Turicibacteraceae (Turicibacter). Importantly, loss of Ruminococcus and Turicibacter has been associated with susceptibility to dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis. Our results demonstrate that viable bacteria in FDP-A reduced CR-induced colonic crypt hyperplasia and prevented the loss of key bacterial genera that may contribute to disease pathology. © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

Semaphorin3a Promotes Advanced Diabetic Nephropathy

PubMed Central

Aggarwal, Pardeep K.; Veron, Delma; Thomas, David B.; Siegel, Dionicio; Moeckel, Gilbert; Kashgarian, Michael

2015-01-01

The onset of diabetic nephropathy (DN) is highlighted by glomerular filtration barrier abnormalities. Identifying pathogenic factors and targetable pathways driving DN is crucial to developing novel therapies and improving the disease outcome. Semaphorin3a (sema3a) is a guidance protein secreted by podocytes. Excess sema3a disrupts the glomerular filtration barrier. Here, using immunohistochemistry, we show increased podocyte SEMA3A in renal biopsies from patients with advanced DN. Using inducible, podocyte-specific Sema3a gain-of-function (Sema3a+) mice made diabetic with streptozotocin, we demonstrate that sema3a is pathogenic in DN. Diabetic Sema3a+ mice develop massive proteinuria, renal insufficiency, and extensive nodular glomerulosclerosis, mimicking advanced DN in humans. In diabetic mice, Sema3a+ exacerbates laminin and collagen IV accumulation in Kimmelstiel-Wilson-like glomerular nodules and causes diffuse podocyte foot process effacement and F-actin collapse via nephrin, αvβ3 integrin, and MICAL1 interactions with plexinA1. MICAL1 knockdown and sema3a inhibition render podocytes not susceptible to sema3a-induced shape changes, indicating that MICAL1 mediates sema3a-induced podocyte F-actin collapse. Moreover, sema3a binding inhibition or podocyte-specific plexinA1 deletion markedly ameliorates albuminuria and abrogates renal insufficiency and the diabetic nodular glomerulosclerosis phenotype of diabetic Sema3a+ mice. Collectively, these findings indicate that excess sema3a promotes severe diabetic nephropathy and identifies novel potential therapeutic targets for DN. PMID:25475434

Epithelial Microvilli Establish an Electrostatic Barrier to Microbial Adhesion

PubMed Central

Bennett, Kaila M.; Walker, Sharon L.

2014-01-01

Microvilli are membrane extensions on the apical surface of polarized epithelia, such as intestinal enterocytes and tubule and duct epithelia. One notable exception in mucosal epithelia is M cells, which are specialized for capturing luminal microbial particles; M cells display a unique apical membrane lacking microvilli. Based on studies of M cell uptake under different ionic conditions, we hypothesized that microvilli may augment the mucosal barrier by providing an increased surface charge density from the increased membrane surface and associated glycoproteins. Thus, electrostatic charges may repel microbes from epithelial cells bearing microvilli, while M cells are more susceptible to microbial adhesion. To test the role of microvilli in bacterial adhesion and uptake, we developed polarized intestinal epithelial cells with reduced microvilli (“microvillus-minus,” or MVM) but retaining normal tight junctions. When tested for interactions with microbial particles in suspension, MVM cells showed greatly enhanced adhesion and uptake of particles compared to microvillus-positive cells. This preference showed a linear relationship to bacterial surface charge, suggesting that microvilli resist binding of microbes by using electrostatic repulsion. Moreover, this predicts that pathogen modification of electrostatic forces may contribute directly to virulence. Accordingly, the effacement effector protein Tir from enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 expressed in epithelial cells induced a loss of microvilli with consequent enhanced microbial binding. These results provide a new context for microvillus function in the host-pathogen relationship, based on electrostatic interactions. PMID:24778113

The effectiveness of humor in persuasion: the case of business ethics training.

PubMed

Lyttle, J

2001-04-01

In this study, persuasion theory was used to develop the following predictions about use of humor in persuasive messages for business ethics training: (a) cartoon drawings will enhance persuasion by creating liking for the source, (b) ironic wisecracks will enhance persuasion by serving as a distraction from counterarguments, and (c) self-effacing humor will enhance persuasion by improving source credibility. Canadian business students (N = 148) participated in 1 of 4 versions of "The Ethics Challenge," a training exercise used by the Lockheed Martin Corporation. Three versions were modified by adding or removing cartoon drawings (of cartoon characters Dilbert and Dogbert) and humorous responses (Dogbert's wisecracks). Removing the cartoon drawings had little effect on persuasiveness. Removing ironic wisecracks had more effect, and interfering with the self-effacing combination of cartoons and wisecracks had the strongest effect. The results suggest that researchers should ground their predictions in existing theory and that practitioners should differentiate among humor types.

On the linear programming bound for linear Lee codes.

PubMed

Astola, Helena; Tabus, Ioan

2016-01-01

Based on an invariance-type property of the Lee-compositions of a linear Lee code, additional equality constraints can be introduced to the linear programming problem of linear Lee codes. In this paper, we formulate this property in terms of an action of the multiplicative group of the field [Formula: see text] on the set of Lee-compositions. We show some useful properties of certain sums of Lee-numbers, which are the eigenvalues of the Lee association scheme, appearing in the linear programming problem of linear Lee codes. Using the additional equality constraints, we formulate the linear programming problem of linear Lee codes in a very compact form, leading to a fast execution, which allows to efficiently compute the bounds for large parameter values of the linear codes.

United States Forces Korea > Home

Science.gov Websites

commander; Gen. Leem Ho Young, Combined Forces Command deputy commander; and Gen. Lee Sun-jin, Gen. Lee, Sun Forces Command deputy commander; and Gen. Lee Sun-jin, Gen. Lee, Sun-Jin, Chairman of the Republic of deputy commander; and Gen. Lee Sun-jin, Gen. Lee, Sun-Jin, Chairman of the Republic of Korea Joint Chiefs

Pregnancy is associated with elevation of liver enzymes in HIV-positive women on antiretroviral therapy.

PubMed

Huntington, Susie; Thorne, Claire; Newell, Marie-Louise; Anderson, Jane; Taylor, Graham P; Pillay, Deenan; Hill, Teresa; Tookey, Pat A; Sabin, Caroline

2015-04-24

The objective of this study is to assess whether pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of liver enzyme elevation (LEE) and severe LEE in HIV-positive women on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Two observational studies: the UK Collaborative HIV Cohort (UK CHIC) study and the UK and Ireland National Study of HIV in Pregnancy and Childhood (NSHPC). Combined data from UK CHIC and NSHPC were used to identify factors associated with LEE (grade 1-4) and severe LEE (grade 3-4). Women starting ART in 2000-2012 were included irrespective of pregnancy status. Cox proportional hazards were used to assess fixed and time-dependent covariates including pregnancy status, CD4 cell count, drug regimen and hepatitis B virus/hepatitis C virus (HBV/HCV) coinfection. One-quarter (25.7%, 982/3815) of women were pregnant during follow-up, 14.2% (n = 541) when starting ART. The rate of LEE was 14.5/100 person-years in and 6.0/100 person-years outside of pregnancy. The rate of severe LEE was 3.9/100 person-years in and 0.6/100 person-years outside of pregnancy. The risk of LEE and severe LEE was increased during pregnancy [LEE: adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.66 (1.31-2.09); severe LEE: aHR 3.57 (2.30-5.54)], including in secondary analyses excluding 541 women pregnant when starting ART. Other factors associated with LEE and severe LEE included lower CD4 cell count (<250 cells/μl), HBV/HCV coinfection and calendar year. Although few women developed severe LEE, this study provides further evidence that pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of LEE and severe LEE, reinforcing the need for regular monitoring of liver biomarkers during pregnancy.

75 FR 28822 - Duke Energy Carolina, LLC; William States Lee III Combined License Application; Notice of Intent...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-24

..., LLC; William States Lee III Combined License Application; Notice of Intent To Conduct a Supplemental... an application for combined licenses (COL) for its William States Lee III Nuclear Station (Lee) site.../new-licensing/col/lee.html . In addition, the Cherokee County Public Library, 300 E. Rutledge Avenue...

The Exploitation of Low-Energy Electrons in Cancer Treatment.

PubMed

Rezaee, Mohammad; Hill, Richard P; Jaffray, David A

2017-08-01

Given the distinct characteristics of low-energy electrons (LEEs), particularly at energies less than 30 eV, they can be applied to a wide range of therapeutic modalities to improve cancer treatment. LEEs have been shown to efficiently produce complex molecular damage resulting in substantial cellular toxicities. Since LEEs are produced in copious amounts from high-energy radiation beam, including photons, protons and ions; the control of LEE distribution can potentially enhance the therapeutic radio of such beams. LEEs can play a substantial role in the synergistic effect between radiation and chemotherapy, particularly halogenated and platinum-based anticancer drugs. Radiosensitizing entities containing atoms of high atomic number such as gold nanoparticles can be a source of LEE production if high-energy radiation interacts with them. This can provide a high local density of LEEs in a cell and produce cellular toxicity. Auger-electron-emitting radionuclides also create a high number of LEEs in each decay, which can induce lethal damage in a cell. Exploitation of LEEs in cancer treatment, however, faces a few challenges, such as dosimetry of LEEs and selective delivery of radiosensitizing and chemotherapeutic molecules close to cellular targets. This review first discusses the rationale for utilizing LEEs in cancer treatment by explaining their mechanism of action, describes theoretical and experimental studies at the molecular and cellular levels, then discusses strategies for achieving modification of the distribution and effectiveness of LEEs in cancerous tissue and their associated clinical benefit.

Fractionated Stereotactic Radiotherapy in the Treatment of Vestibular Schwannoma (Acoustic Neuroma): Predicting the Risk of Hydrocephalus;Vestibular schwannoma; Hydrocephalus; Fractionated; Stereotactic radiotherapy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Powell, Ceri; Micallef, Caroline; Gonsalves, Adam

2011-07-15

Purpose: To determine the incidence and predictive factors for the development of hydrocephalus in patients with acoustic neuromas (AN) treated with fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy. Patients and Methods: Seventy-two patients with AN were treated with fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy between 1998 and 2007 (45-50 Gy in 25-30 fractions over 5 to 6 weeks). The pretreatment MRI scan was assessed for tumor characteristics and anatomic distortion independently of subsequent outcome and correlated with the risk of hydrocephalus. Results: At a median follow-up of 49 months (range, 1-120 months), 5-year event-free survival was 95%. Eight patients (11%) developed hydrocephalus within 19 months of radiotherapy,more » which was successfully treated. On univariate analysis, pretreatment factors predictive of hydrocephalus were maximum diameter (p = 0.005), proximity to midline (p = 0.009), displacement of the fourth ventricle (p = 0.02), partial effacement of the fourth ventricle (p < 0.001), contact with the medulla (p = 0.005), and more brainstem structures (p = 0.004). On multivariate analysis, after adjusting for fourth ventricular effacement, no other variables remained independently associated with hydrocephalus formation. Conclusions: Fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy results in excellent tumor control of AN, albeit with a risk of developing hydrocephalus. Patients at high risk, identified as those with larger tumors with partial effacement of the fourth ventricle before treatment, should be monitored more closely during follow-up. It would also be preferable to offer treatment to patients with progressive AN while the risk of hydrocephalus is low, before the development of marked distortion of fourth ventricle before tumor diameter significantly exceeds 2 cm.« less

75 FR 30451 - Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC; Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC; William States Lee III Combined License...

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... Energy Carolinas, LLC; William States Lee III Combined License Application; Notice of Intent To Conduct a... environmental review of the William States Lee III Nuclear Station, Units 1 and 2 combined licenses application...-licensing/col/lee.html '' to `` http://www.nrc.gov/reactors/new-reactors/col/lee.html ''. Dated at Rockville...

76 FR 39869 - Lee 8 Storage Partnership; Notice of Motion for Extension of Rate Case Filing Deadline

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-07

... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission [Docket No. PR09-5-003] Lee 8 Storage..., Lee 8 Storage Partnership (Lee 8) filed a request for an extension consistent with the Commission's... extend the cycle for such reviews from three to five years.\\1\\ Therefore, Lee 8 requests that the date...

Persistence of the longnose darter (P. nasuta) in Lee Creek, Oklahoma

USGS Publications Warehouse

Gatlin, Michael R.; Long, James M.

2011-01-01

Lee Creek is one of Oklahoma’s six rivers designated as "scenic" by the Oklahoma Legislature. Lee Creek is located on the Oklahoma-Arkansas border in far eastern Oklahoma. The headwaters originate in northwestern Arkansas and flow south towards the Arkansas River. While the majority of the stream is in Arkansas, a portion flows into Oklahoma northwest of Uniontown, AR and continues for 28.2 river-km before crossing back into Arkansas near Van Buren, AR. The hydrology of lower Lee Creek has been altered by Lee Creek Reservoir near Van Buren, AR. It was believed that pre-impounded Lee Creek had the largest existing population of longnose darters (8). However, the most recent fish surveys in Lee Creek were conducted approximately twenty years ago. Robinson (8) surveyed Lee Creek in Arkansas, upstream of the Oklahoma border, and found longnose darters upstream of Natural Dam, AR. Wagner et al. (10) were the last to document longnose darter presence in the Oklahoma segment of Lee Creek. No efforts to collect this species in Oklahoma have occurred since the completion of Lee Creek Reservoir. Our objective was to determine whether the species persist in this segment of its historic range since impoundment.

Intimin, tir, and shiga toxin 1 do not influence enteropathogenic responses to shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in bovine ligated intestinal loops.

PubMed

Stevens, Mark P; Marchès, Olivier; Campbell, June; Huter, Veronika; Frankel, Gad; Phillips, Alan D; Oswald, Eric; Wallis, Timothy S

2002-02-01

Shiga toxin-producing Escherchia coli (STEC) comprises a group of attaching and effacing (A/E) enteric pathogens of animals and humans. Natural and experimental infection of calves with STEC may result in acute enteritis or subclinical infection, depending on serotype- and host-specific factors. To quantify intestinal secretory and inflammatory responses to STEC in the bovine intestine, serotypes that are associated with human disease (O103:H2 and O157:H7) were introduced into ligated mid-ileal loops in gnotobiotic and conventional calves, and fluid accumulation and recruitment of radiolabeled neutrophils were measured after 12 h. STEC serotype O103:H2, but not serotype O157:H7, elicited strong enteropathogenic responses. To determine if the inflammatory response to STEC O103:H2 in calves requires Shiga toxin 1 or intimate bacterial attachment to the intestinal epithelium, defined mutations were made in the stx1, eae, and tir genes. Our data indicate that some STEC induce intestinal inflammatory responses in calves by a mechanism that is independent of A/E-lesion formation, intimin, or Shiga toxin 1. This may have implications for strategies to reduce STEC carriage in cattle.

Heteropsis (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini: Mycalesina): 19 new species from Madagascar and interim revision.

PubMed

Lees, David C

2016-06-03

The genus Heteropsis Westwood, 1850 is monophyletic and contains the most diverse evolutionary radiation of butterflies in the Malagasy Region, with 46 up to now known species (53 accepted taxa) and at least 23 undescribed species in collections to date. Mixed species in historical descriptions and lost types in this genus have hindered taxonomic progress until now. A lectotype female is thus designated for the only surviving syntype that can be found for Mycalesis andravahana Mabille, 1878. Mycalesis difficilis Mabille, 1880 and three names of Oberthür, 1916 lectotypified here, Henotesia undulosa, Henotesia undulosa var. luctuosa and Henotesia andravahana var. macrophthalma, newly become its synonyms. A lectotype is also specified for Gallienia alaokola Oberthür, 1916. These acts now clarify potential confusion among the minimum of five species that these two nominal taxa represent, and thus facilitate description of related species compromised by the original descriptions (for one of which, the name Henotesia andravahana ab. marmorata Aurivillius, 1925 is unavailable). To solidify description of similar species, lectotypes are also designated for the following nominal species of Oberthür, 1916: Culapa comorana, C. pauper, Culapa ("var. ou espèce séparée") pseudonarcissus, C. laeta, C. laetifica, C. anceps, C. undulata, C. turbans, C. curvatula, C. ornata, C. pallida, and of Oberthür, 1923: C. houlbertiana, and also for Mycalesis iboina Ward, 1870, M. strigula Mabille, 1877, M. maeva Mabille, 1878, M. ankoma Mabille, 1878, M. irrorata Mabille, 1880 and M. butleri Mabille, 1880. The following 19 new species are described within Heteropsis from Madagascar, which are organised within species groups that are briefly characterised and discussed: in the Ht. exocellata group, Heteropsis mimetica Lees & Kremen, sp. nov.; in the Ht. antahala group, Heteropsis hazovola Lees & Raharitsimba, sp. nov.; in the Ht. drepana group, Heteropsis harveyi Lees & Kremen, sp. nov.; Heteropsis vanewrighti Lees, sp. nov.; Heteropsis westwoodi Lees, sp. nov., Heteropsis pauliani Lees, sp. nov.; Heteropsis imerina Lees, sp. nov.; in the Ht. subsimilis group, Heteropsis kremenae Lees, sp. nov.; Heteropsis avaratra Lees & Kremen, sp. nov. Heteropsis sogai Lees, sp. nov., and in the Ht. strigula group, Heteropsis tornado Lees, Allaoui & Aduse-Poku, sp. nov., Heteropsis lanyvary Lees, sp. nov.; Heteropsis barbarae Lees & Kremen, sp. nov.; Heteropsis menamenoides Lees, sp. nov.; Heteropsis roussettae Lees & Kremen, sp. nov.; Heteropsis tianae Lees & Kremen, sp. nov.; Heteropsis oberthueri Lees, sp. nov.; Heteropsis borgo Lees, sp. nov. and Heteropsis vertigo Lees & Raharitsimba, sp. nov. Counting the resulting synonymy of Heteropsis difficilis (Mabille, 1880), with Ht. andravahana (Mabille, 1878), this brings the Malagasy Heteropsis fauna to 64 species, about 2/3 of which are here revised.

Virulence and antimicrobial resistance determinants of verotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC) and of multidrug-resistant E. coli from foods of animal origin illegally imported to the EU by flight passengers.

PubMed

Nagy, B; Szmolka, A; Smole Možina, S; Kovač, J; Strauss, A; Schlager, S; Beutlich, J; Appel, B; Lušicky, M; Aprikian, P; Pászti, J; Tóth, I; Kugler, R; Wagner, M

2015-09-16

The aim of this study was to reveal phenotype/genotype characteristics of verotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC) and multidrug resistant E. coli in food products of animal origin confiscated as illegal import at Austrian, German and Slovenian airports. VTEC isolates were obtained by using ISO guidelines 16654:2001 for O157 VTEC or ISO/ TS13136:2012 for non-O157 VTEC, with additional use of the RIDASCREEN® Verotoxin immunoassay. The testing of 1526 samples resulted in 15 VTEC isolates (1.0%) primarily isolated from hard cheese from Turkey and Balkan countries. Genotyping for virulence by using a miniaturized microarray identified a wide range of virulence determinants. One VTEC isolate (O26:H46) possessing intimin (eae) and all other essential genes of Locus of Enterocyte Effacement (LEE) was designated as enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC). None of the other VTEC strains belonged to serogroups O157, O145, O111, O104 or O103. VTEC strains harbored either stx(1) (variants stx1(a) or stx(1c)) or st(x2) (variants stx(2a), stx(2b), stx(2a/d) or stx(2c/d)) genes. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) demonstrated high genetic diversity and identified three new sequence types (STs): 4505, 4506 and 4507. Food samples collected from the Vienna airport were also tested for E. coli quantities using the ISO 16649:2001, and for detection of multidrug resistant phenotypes and genotypes. The resulting 113 commensal E. coli isolates were first tested in a pre-screening against 6 selected antimicrobials to demonstrate multidrug resistance. The resulting 14 multidrug resistant (MDR) E. coli isolates, representing 0.9% of the samples, were subjected to further resistance phenotyping and to microarray analyses targeting genetic markers of antimicrobial resistance and virulence. Genotyping revealed various combinations of resistance determinants as well as the presence of class 1, class 2 integrons. The isolates harbored 6 to 11 antibiotic resistance genes as well as 1 to 14 virulence genes. In this panel of 14 MDR E. coli two strains proved to carry CTX-M type ESBLs, and one single isolate was identified as enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC). In general, isolates carrying a high number of resistance determinants had lower number of virulence genes and vice versa. In conclusion, this first pilot study on the prevalence of VTEC and of MDR/ESBL E. coli in illegally imported food products of animal origin suggests that these strains could represent reservoirs for dissemination of potentially new types of pathogenic and MDR E. coli in Europe. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Transcriptomic Studies of Malaria: a Paradigm for Investigation of Systemic Host-Pathogen Interactions.

PubMed

Lee, Hyun Jae; Georgiadou, Athina; Otto, Thomas D; Levin, Michael; Coin, Lachlan J; Conway, David J; Cunnington, Aubrey J

2018-06-01

Transcriptomics, the analysis of genome-wide RNA expression, is a common approach to investigate host and pathogen processes in infectious diseases. Technical and bioinformatic advances have permitted increasingly thorough analyses of the association of RNA expression with fundamental biology, immunity, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and prognosis. Transcriptomic approaches can now be used to realize a previously unattainable goal, the simultaneous study of RNA expression in host and pathogen, in order to better understand their interactions. This exciting prospect is not without challenges, especially as focus moves from interactions in vitro under tightly controlled conditions to tissue- and systems-level interactions in animal models and natural and experimental infections in humans. Here we review the contribution of transcriptomic studies to the understanding of malaria, a parasitic disease which has exerted a major influence on human evolution and continues to cause a huge global burden of disease. We consider malaria a paradigm for the transcriptomic assessment of systemic host-pathogen interactions in humans, because much of the direct host-pathogen interaction occurs within the blood, a readily sampled compartment of the body. We illustrate lessons learned from transcriptomic studies of malaria and how these lessons may guide studies of host-pathogen interactions in other infectious diseases. We propose that the potential of transcriptomic studies to improve the understanding of malaria as a disease remains partly untapped because of limitations in study design rather than as a consequence of technological constraints. Further advances will require the integration of transcriptomic data with analytical approaches from other scientific disciplines, including epidemiology and mathematical modeling. Copyright © 2018 Lee et al.

Power Source

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schooley, Michael L.

2010-01-01

Principals are powerful: They are the primary catalysts for creating a lasting foundation for learning, driving school and student performance, and shaping the long-term impact of school improvement efforts. Yet few principals would characterize themselves as powerful. Rather, they're self-effacing, adaptable, pragmatic, and quick to share credit…

The Taylor saddle effacement: a new technique for correction of saddle nose deformity.

PubMed

Taylor, S Mark; Rigby, Matthew H

2008-02-01

To describe a novel technique, the Taylor saddle effacement (TSE), for correction of saddle nose deformity using autologous grafts from the lower lateral cartilages. A prospective evaluation of six patients, all of whom had the TSE performed. Photographs were taken in combination with completion of a rhinoplasty outcomes questionnaire preoperatively and at 6 months. The questionnaire included a visual analogue scale (VAS) of nasal breathing and a rhinoplasty outcomes evaluation (ROE) of nasal function and esthetics. All six patients had improvement in both their global nasal airflow on the VAS and on their ROE that was statistically significant. The mean preoperative VAS score was 5.8 compared with our postoperative mean of 8.5 of a possible 10. Mean ROE scores improved from 34.7 to 85.5. At 6 months, all patients felt that their nasal appearance had improved. The TSE is a simple and reliable technique for correction of saddle nose deformity. This prospective study has demonstrated improvement in both nasal function and esthetics when it is employed.

Loss of Kynurenine 3-Mono-oxygenase Causes Proteinuria

PubMed Central

Deutsch, Konstantin; Bolanos-Palmieri, Patricia; Hanke, Nils; Schroder, Patricia; Staggs, Lynne; Bräsen, Jan H.; Roberts, Ian S.D.; Sheehan, Susan; Savage, Holly; Haller, Hermann

2016-01-01

Changes in metabolite levels of the kynurenine pathway have been observed in patients with CKD, suggesting involvement of this pathway in disease pathogenesis. Our recent genetic analysis in the mouse identified the kynurenine 3-mono-oxygenase (KMO) gene (Kmo) as a candidate gene associated with albuminuria. This study investigated this association in more detail. We compared KMO abundance in the glomeruli of mice and humans under normal and diabetic conditions, observing a decrease in glomerular KMO expression with diabetes. Knockdown of kmo expression in zebrafish and genetic deletion of Kmo in mice each led to a proteinuria phenotype. We observed pronounced podocyte foot process effacement on long stretches of the filtration barrier in the zebrafish knockdown model and mild podocyte foot process effacement in the mouse model, whereas all other structures within the kidney remained unremarkable. These data establish the candidacy of KMO as a causal factor for changes in the kidney leading to proteinuria and indicate a functional role for KMO and metabolites of the tryptophan pathway in podocytes. PMID:27020856

77 FR 66084 - Quarterly Publication of Individuals, Who Have Chosen To Expatriate, as Required by Section 6039G

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-01

... purposes of this listing, long-term residents, as defined in section 877(e)(2), are treated as if they were... GABRIELLE APONTE ERICK ELVIS ARBENZ ULRICH CURT ARNET LISA SUSANNA ASFOUR CATHERINE ELIZABETH AUGUSTE-GRANT... DANIELLE NICOLE LAUTER- STEPHANIE E. BURG LEE AMY SOYOUNG LEE HIJUNG CHAI LEE HYUK JUN LEE HYUN WOO LEE JIN...

76 FR 79228 - Combined Licenses at William States Lee III Nuclear Station Site, Units 1 and 2; Duke Energy...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-21

... William States Lee III Nuclear Station Site, Units 1 and 2; Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC AGENCY: Nuclear... Statement for Combined Licenses (COL) for William States Lee III Nuclear Station Units 1 and 2 [Lee Nuclear... draft EIS can be accessed online at the NRC's William States Lee III Nuclear Site Web page at http://www...

Molecular mechanism of G1 arrest and cellular senescence induced by LEE011, a novel CDK4/CDK6 inhibitor, in leukemia cells.

PubMed

Tao, Yan-Fang; Wang, Na-Na; Xu, Li-Xiao; Li, Zhi-Heng; Li, Xiao-Lu; Xu, Yun-Yun; Fang, Fang; Li, Mei; Qian, Guang-Hui; Li, Yan-Hong; Li, Yi-Ping; Wu, Yi; Ren, Jun-Li; Du, Wei-Wei; Lu, Jun; Feng, Xing; Wang, Jian; He, Wei-Qi; Hu, Shao-Yan; Pan, Jian

2017-01-01

Overexpression of cyclin D1 dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) is a common feature of many human cancers including leukemia. LEE011 is a novel inhibitor of both CDK4 and 6. To date, the molecular function of LEE011 in leukemia remains unclear. Leukemia cell growth and apoptosis following LEE011 treatment was assessed through CCK-8 and annexin V/propidium iodide staining assays. Cell senescence was assessed by β-galactosidase staining and p16 INK4a expression analysis. Gene expression profiles of LEE011 treated HL-60 cells were investigated using an Arraystar Human LncRNA array. Gene ontology and KEGG pathway analysis were then used to analyze the differentially expressed genes from the cluster analysis. Our studies demonstrated that LEE011 inhibited proliferation of leukemia cells and could induce apoptosis. Hoechst 33,342 staining analysis showed DNA fragmentation and distortion of nuclear structures following LEE011 treatment. Cell cycle analysis showed LEE011 significantly induced cell cycle G 1 arrest in seven of eight acute leukemia cells lines, the exception being THP-1 cells. β-Galactosidase staining analysis and p16 INK4a expression analysis showed that LEE011 treatment can induce cell senescence of leukemia cells. LncRNA microarray analysis showed 2083 differentially expressed mRNAs and 3224 differentially expressed lncRNAs in LEE011-treated HL-60 cells compared with controls. Molecular function analysis showed that LEE011 induced senescence in leukemia cells partially through downregulation of the transcriptional expression of MYBL2. We demonstrate for the first time that LEE011 treatment results in inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of G 1 arrest and cellular senescence in leukemia cells. LncRNA microarray analysis showed differentially expressed mRNAs and lncRNAs in LEE011-treated HL-60 cells and we demonstrated that LEE011 induces cellular senescence partially through downregulation of the expression of MYBL2. These results may open new lines of investigation regarding the molecular mechanism of LEE011 induced cellular senescence.

What Happens to Educational Administration When Organization Trumps Ethics?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kumar, Rahul; Mitchell, Coral

2004-01-01

The managerial strategies of governance prevalent in the private sector have become more and more normalized within educational institutions. These strategies, according to Dutch philosopher Zygmund Bauman, are "denial of proximity," "effacement of face," and "reduction to traits." This article describes these managerial tactics within an…

Use of Awamori-pressed Lees and Tofu Lees as Feed Ingredients for Growing Female Goats

PubMed Central

Nagamine, Itsuki; Sunagawa, Katsunori; Kishi, Tetsuya

2012-01-01

Okinawan Awamori is produced by fermenting steamed indica rice with black mold, yeast, and water. Awamori-pressed lees is a by-product of the Awamori production process. Tofu lees is a by-product of the Tofu production process. This research consisted of two experiments conducted to elucidate whether or not dried Awamori-pressed lees and Tofu lees can be used as a mixed feed ingredient for raising female goats. In experiment 1, digestion trials were conducted to ascertain the nutritive values of dried Awamori-pressed lees and dried Tofu lees for goats. The digestible crude protein (DCP) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) contents of dried Awamori-pressed lees and Tofu lees were 22.5%, 22.5% (DCP), and 87.2%, 94.4% (TDN) respectively. In experiment 2, 18 female goats (Japanese Saanen×Nubian, three months old, body weight 15.4±0.53 kg) were divided into three groups of six animals (control feed group (CFG), Awamori-pressed lees mixed feed group (AMFG), Tofu lees mixed feed group (TMFG)). The CFG control used feed containing 20% soybean meal as the main protein source, while the AMFG and TMFG treatments used feed mixed with 20% dried Awamori-pressed lees or dried Tofu lees. The groups were fed mixed feed (volume to provide 100 g/d increase in body weight) twice a day (10:00, 16:00). The klein grass hay and water was given ad libitum. The hay intake was measured at 08:00 and 16:00. Body weight and size measurements were taken once a month. At the end of the experiment, a blood sample was drawn from the jugular vein of each animal. The DCP and TDN intakes in AMFG and TMFG showed no significant difference to the CFG. Cumulative measurements of growth in body weight, withers height, chest depth, chest girth, and hip width over the 10 mo period in the AMFG and TMFG were similar to the CFG. By contrast, cumulative growth in body length and hip height in the AMFG and TMFG tended to be larger than the CFG. Cumulative growth in chest width in the AMFG was significantly larger (p<0.05) than the CFG. Blood parameter values were similar to those in normal goats reported by other scientists. The coats of the AMFG and TMFG animals looked shinier than the animals in the CFG. The results demonstrate that dried Awamori-pressed lees and Tofu lees can be used as a feed ingredient for the raising female goats. PMID:25049535

The Peter Effect in Early Experimental Education Research.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Little, Joseph

2003-01-01

Traces the ways in which educational researchers referred to Ronald A. Fisher's analysis of variance (ANOVA) between 1932 and 1944 in the "Journal of Experimental Education" (JXE). Shows how the changes in citational practices served to separate the ANOVA from its affiliation with Fisher, essentially effacing the memory of its human…

Tracing Boundaries, Effacing Boundaries: Information Literacy as an Academic Discipline

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Veach, Grace

2012-01-01

Both librarianship and composition have been shaken by recent developments in higher education. In libraries ebooks and online databases threaten the traditional "library as warehouse model," while in composition, studies like The Citation Project show that students are not learning how to incorporate sources into their own writing…

Some Unsettling Thoughts about Settling in with Pot.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hawley, Richard A.

1978-01-01

Popular culture now considers marijuana harmless, but research shows it has definite physiological and neurological effects, effacing memory and attention and producing cell damage and learning deficits. Young people turn to pot to escape the emotional pressures of adolescence. Parents and schools can help adolescents by setting firm prohibitions.…

Regulation of Biofilm Formation in Escherichia coli O157:H7

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Escherichia coli O157:H7 encodes a variety of genetic factors for adherence to epithelial cells and to abiotic surfaces. While adherence to epithelial cells culminates in the formation of characteristic attaching and effacing (A/E) lesions, adherence to abiotic surfaces represents a prelude to the f...

76 FR 30947 - Stephen Lee Seldon: Debarment Order

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-27

...] Stephen Lee Seldon: Debarment Order AGENCY: Food and Drug Administration, HHS. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY... Act (the FD&C Act) permanently debarring Stephen Lee Seldon, M.D. from providing services in any... authority delegated to the Director (Staff Manual Guide 1410.35), finds that Stephen Lee Seldon has been...

F-35A Training Basing Environmental Impact Statement. Volume 2. Appendix D - Comment Response Document. Book 1

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-06-01

Brening Sharon Peoria AZ 10560 Breniser Suzanne Phoenix AZ 4567 Brennan Barbara Sun City West AZ 6556 Brennan Leo Litchfield Park AZ 11324 Bresler...Goodyear AZ 9865 Comer Karen Litchfield Park AZ 10019 Commandeur Leo Anthem AZ 7363 Compton Charles Avondale AZ 7787 Compton Esther Litchfield Park AZ...Goodyear AZ 8503 Lee Jeffrey Glendale AZ 4248 Lee Joel Peoria AZ 9649 Lee John Sun City AZ 10037 Lee Lawrence Phoenix AZ 6557 Lee Leo Lakeside

Lee Jay Fingersh | NREL

Science.gov Websites

Lee.Fingersh@nrel.gov | 303-384-6929 Lee Jay joined NREL in 1993. For seven years, he was the test engineer on the Unsteady Aerodynamics Experiment turbine, which culminated in the NASA Ames wind tunnel test. Lee has worked on the design and controls for the variable-speed test bed and administered many

Spike Lee and Commentaries on His Work. Occasional Papers Series 2, No. 1.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hudson, Herman C., Ed.

This monograph presents a critical essay and a comprehensive 454-item bibliography on the contemporary African-American filmmaker, Spike Lee. The essay, entitled "African-American Folklore and Cultural History in the Films of Spike Lee" (Gloria J. Gibson-Hudson), analyzes Lee's filmmaking approach from a cultural and historical…

Generalization of Friedberg-Lee symmetry

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Huang Chaoshang; Li Tianjun; George P. and Cynthia W. Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics, Texas A and M University, College Station, Texas 77843

2008-07-01

We study the possible origin of Friedberg-Lee symmetry. First, we propose the generalized Friedberg-Lee symmetry in the potential by including the scalar fields in the field transformations, which can be broken down to the Friedberg-Lee symmetry spontaneously. We show that the generalized Friedberg-Lee symmetry allows a typical form of Yukawa couplings, and the realistic neutrino masses and mixings can be generated via the seesaw mechanism. If the right-handed neutrinos transform nontrivially under the generalized Friedberg-Lee symmetry, we can have the testable TeV scale seesaw mechanism. Second, we present two models with the SO(3)xU(1) global flavor symmetry in the lepton sector.more » After the flavor symmetry breaking, we can obtain the charged lepton masses, and explain the neutrino masses and mixings via the seesaw mechanism. Interestingly, the complete neutrino mass matrices are similar to those of the above models with generalized Friedberg-Lee symmetry. So the Friedberg-Lee symmetry is the residual symmetry in the neutrino mass matrix after the SO(3)xU(1) flavor symmetry breaking.« less

Characterization of Phenolic Compounds in Wine Lees

PubMed Central

Zhijing, Ye; Shavandi, Amin; Harrison, Roland; Bekhit, Alaa El-Din A.

2018-01-01

The effect of vinification techniques on phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of wine lees are poorly understood. The present study investigated the antioxidant activity of white and red wine lees generated at early fermentation and during aging. In this study, the total phenol content (TPC), total tannin content (TTC), mean degree of polymerization (mDP), and antioxidant activities of five white and eight red wine lees samples from different vinification backgrounds were determined. The results showed that vinification techniques had a significant (p < 0.05) impact on total phenol and tannin content of the samples. White wine lees had high mDP content compared with red ones. Catechin (50–62%) and epicatechin contents were the predominant terminal units of polymeric proanthocyanidin extracted from examined samples. Epigallocatechin was the predominant extension unit of white wine lees, whereas epicatechin was the predominant compound in red wine marc. The ORAC (oxygen radical absorbance capacity) assay was strongly correlated with the DPPH (α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl) assay, and the results showed the strong antioxidant activities associated with red wine lees (PN > 35 mg Trolox/g FDM) (PN: Pinot noir lees; FDM: Freeze-dried Material). This study indicates that tannin is one of the major phenolic compounds available in wine lees that can be useful in human and animal health applications. PMID:29587406

Characterization of Phenolic Compounds in Wine Lees.

PubMed

Zhijing, Ye; Shavandi, Amin; Harrison, Roland; Bekhit, Alaa El-Din A

2018-03-25

The effect of vinification techniques on phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of wine lees are poorly understood. The present study investigated the antioxidant activity of white and red wine lees generated at early fermentation and during aging. In this study, the total phenol content (TPC), total tannin content (TTC), mean degree of polymerization (mDP), and antioxidant activities of five white and eight red wine lees samples from different vinification backgrounds were determined. The results showed that vinification techniques had a significant ( p < 0.05) impact on total phenol and tannin content of the samples. White wine lees had high mDP content compared with red ones. Catechin (50-62%) and epicatechin contents were the predominant terminal units of polymeric proanthocyanidin extracted from examined samples. Epigallocatechin was the predominant extension unit of white wine lees, whereas epicatechin was the predominant compound in red wine marc. The ORAC (oxygen radical absorbance capacity) assay was strongly correlated with the DPPH (α, α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl) assay, and the results showed the strong antioxidant activities associated with red wine lees (PN > 35 mg Trolox/g FDM) (PN: Pinot noir lees; FDM: Freeze-dried Material). This study indicates that tannin is one of the major phenolic compounds available in wine lees that can be useful in human and animal health applications.

Interactions between yeast lees and wine polyphenols during simulation of wine aging. II. Analysis of desorbed polyphenol compounds from yeast lees.

PubMed

Mazauric, Jean-Paul; Salmon, Jean-Michel

2006-05-31

In the first part of this work, the analysis of the polyphenolic compounds remaining in the wine after different contact times with yeast lees during simulation of red wine aging was undertaken. To achieve a more precise view of the wine polyphenols adsorbed on lees during red wine aging and to establish a clear balance between adsorbed and remnant polyphenol compounds, the specific analysis of the chemical composition of the adsorbed polyphenolic compounds (condensed tannins and anthocyanins) after their partial desorbtion from yeast lees by denaturation treatments was realized in the second part of the study. The total recovery of polyphenol compounds from yeast lees was not complete, since a rather important part of the initial wine colored polyphenols, especially those with a dominant blue color component, remained strongly adsorbed on yeast lees, as monitored by color tristimulus and reflectance spectra measurements. All anthocyanins were recovered at a rather high percentage (about 62%), and it was demonstrated that they were not adsorbed in relation with their sole polarity. Very few monomeric phenolic compounds were extracted from yeast lees. With the use of drastic denaturing treatments, the total recovery of condensed tannins reached 83%. Such tannins extracted from yeast lees exhibited very high polymeric size and a rather high percentage of galloylated residues by comparison with initial wine tannins, indicating that nonpolar tannins were preferentially desorbed from yeast lees by the extraction treatments.

Accuracy of advanced cancer patients' life expectancy estimates: The role of race and source of life expectancy information.

PubMed

Trevino, Kelly M; Zhang, Baohui; Shen, Megan J; Prigerson, Holly G

2016-06-15

The objective of this study was to examine the source of advanced cancer patients' information about their prognosis and determine whether this source of information could explain racial disparities in the accuracy of patients' life expectancy estimates (LEEs). Coping With Cancer was a prospective, longitudinal, multisite study of terminally ill cancer patients followed until death. In structured interviews, patients reported their LEEs and the sources of these estimates (ie, medical providers, personal beliefs, religious beliefs, and other). The accuracy of LEEs was calculated through a comparison of patients' self-reported LEEs with their actual survival. The sample for this analysis included 229 patients: 31 black patients and 198 white patients. Only 39.30% of the patients estimated their life expectancy within 12 months of their actual survival. Black patients were more likely to have an inaccurate LEE than white patients. A minority of the sample (18.3%) reported that a medical provider was the source of their LEEs; none of the black patients (0%) based their LEEs on a medical provider. Black race remained a significant predictor of an inaccurate LEE, even after the analysis had been controlled for sociodemographic characteristics and the source of LEEs. The majority of advanced cancer patients have an inaccurate understanding of their life expectancy. Black patients with advanced cancer are more likely to have an inaccurate LEE than white patients. Medical providers are not the source of information for LEEs for most advanced cancer patients and especially for black patients. The source of LEEs does not explain racial differences in LEE accuracy. Additional research into the mechanisms underlying racial differences in prognostic understanding is needed. Cancer 2016;122:1905-12. © 2016 The Authors. Cancer published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Cancer Society. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made. © 2016 The Authors. Cancer published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Cancer Society.

78 FR 77508 - Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC; William States Lee III Nuclear Station, Units 1 and 2; Combined...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-23

..., LLC; William States Lee III Nuclear Station, Units 1 and 2; Combined Licenses Application Review... Environmental Impact Statement [EIS] for Combined Licenses (COLs) for William States Lee III Nuclear Station... be accessed online at the NRC's William States Lee III Nuclear Station--specific Web page at: www.nrc...

Reduction of proteinuria through podocyte alkalinization.

PubMed

Altintas, Mehmet M; Moriwaki, Kumiko; Wei, Changli; Möller, Clemens C; Flesche, Jan; Li, Jing; Yaddanapudi, Suma; Faridi, Mohd Hafeez; Gödel, Markus; Huber, Tobias B; Preston, Richard A; Jiang, Jean X; Kerjaschki, Dontscho; Sever, Sanja; Reiser, Jochen

2014-06-20

Podocytes are highly differentiated cells and critical elements for the filtration barrier of the kidney. Loss of their foot process (FP) architecture (FP effacement) results in urinary protein loss. Here we show a novel role for the neutral amino acid glutamine in structural and functional regulation of the kidney filtration barrier. Metabolic flux analysis of cultured podocytes using genetic, toxic, and immunologic injury models identified increased glutamine utilization pathways. We show that glutamine uptake is increased in diseased podocytes to couple nutrient support to increased demand during the disease state of FP effacement. This feature can be utilized to transport increased amounts of glutamine into damaged podocytes. The availability of glutamine determines the regulation of podocyte intracellular pH (pHi). Podocyte alkalinization reduces cytosolic cathepsin L protease activity and protects the podocyte cytoskeleton. Podocyte glutamine supplementation reduces proteinuria in LPS-treated mice, whereas acidification increases glomerular injury. In summary, our data provide a metabolic opportunity to combat urinary protein loss through modulation of podocyte amino acid utilization and pHi. © 2014 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

Loss of Kynurenine 3-Mono-oxygenase Causes Proteinuria.

PubMed

Korstanje, Ron; Deutsch, Konstantin; Bolanos-Palmieri, Patricia; Hanke, Nils; Schroder, Patricia; Staggs, Lynne; Bräsen, Jan H; Roberts, Ian S D; Sheehan, Susan; Savage, Holly; Haller, Hermann; Schiffer, Mario

2016-11-01

Changes in metabolite levels of the kynurenine pathway have been observed in patients with CKD, suggesting involvement of this pathway in disease pathogenesis. Our recent genetic analysis in the mouse identified the kynurenine 3-mono-oxygenase (KMO) gene (Kmo) as a candidate gene associated with albuminuria. This study investigated this association in more detail. We compared KMO abundance in the glomeruli of mice and humans under normal and diabetic conditions, observing a decrease in glomerular KMO expression with diabetes. Knockdown of kmo expression in zebrafish and genetic deletion of Kmo in mice each led to a proteinuria phenotype. We observed pronounced podocyte foot process effacement on long stretches of the filtration barrier in the zebrafish knockdown model and mild podocyte foot process effacement in the mouse model, whereas all other structures within the kidney remained unremarkable. These data establish the candidacy of KMO as a causal factor for changes in the kidney leading to proteinuria and indicate a functional role for KMO and metabolites of the tryptophan pathway in podocytes. Copyright © 2016 by the American Society of Nephrology.

Skull fracture with effacement of the superior sagittal sinus following drone impact: a case report.

PubMed

Chung, Lawrance K; Cheung, Yuri; Lagman, Carlito; Au Yong, Nicholas; McBride, Duncan Q; Yang, Isaac

2017-09-01

The popularity of unmanned aerial vehicles, or drones, raises safety concerns as they become increasingly common for commercial, personal, and recreational use. Collisions between drones and people may result in serious injuries. A 13-year-old male presented with a comminuted depressed skull fracture causing effacement of the superior sagittal sinus secondary to a racing drone impact. The patient experienced a brief loss of consciousness and reported lower extremity numbness and weakness after the accident. Imaging studies revealed bone fragments crossing the superior sagittal sinus with a short, focal segment of blood flow interruption. Neurosurgical intervention was deferred given the patient's improving neurological deficits, and the patient was treated conservatively. He was discharged home in stable condition. Drones may represent a hazard when operated inappropriately due to their capacity to fly at high speeds and altitudes. Impacts from drones can carry enough force to cause skull fractures and significant head injuries. The rising popularity of drones likely translates to an increased incidence of drone-related injuries. Thus, clinicians should be aware of this growing trend.

77 FR 14032 - John H. Chafee Coastal Barrier Resources System; Lee County, FL, and Newport County, RI...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-08

..., FXHC11240900000T5, 123] John H. Chafee Coastal Barrier Resources System; Lee County, FL, and Newport County, RI... Lee County, Florida. The second map, dated September 30, 2009, is for four CBRS units located in... by Lee County, and 1 restaurant. The Service's assessment of 2011 aerial imagery estimates that the...

77 FR 34285 - Safety Zone; 2012 Ironman U.S. Championship Swim, Hudson River, Fort Lee, NJ

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-11

...-AA00 Safety Zone; 2012 Ironman U.S. Championship Swim, Hudson River, Fort Lee, NJ AGENCY: Coast Guard... safety zone on the navigable waters of the Hudson River in the vicinity of Englewood Cliffs and Fort Lee... the Hudson River in the vicinity of Englewood Cliffs and Fort Lee, New Jersey. This swim event poses...

77 FR 46613 - Safety Zone; 2012 Ironman US Championship Swim, Hudson River, Fort Lee, NJ

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-06

... 1625-AA00 Safety Zone; 2012 Ironman US Championship Swim, Hudson River, Fort Lee, NJ AGENCY: Coast... navigable waters of the Hudson River in the vicinity of Englewood Cliffs and Fort Lee, NJ for the 2012... Championship Swim, Hudson River, Fort Lee, NJ in the Federal Register (77 FR 34285). We received no comments on...

40 CFR Appendix A to Part 97 - Final Section 126 Rule: EGU Allocations, 2004-2007

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... NC L V SUTTON 2713 3 717 NC L V SUTTON 2713 CT2B 2 NC LEE 2709 1 129 NC LEE 2709 2 142 NC LEE 2709 3 414 NC LEE 2709 CT4 1 NC LINCOLN 7277 1 33 NC LINCOLN 7277 10 31 NC LINCOLN 7277 11 33 NC LINCOLN 7277...

Experimental Determination of Dynamical Lee-Yang Zeros

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brandner, Kay; Maisi, Ville F.; Pekola, Jukka P.; Garrahan, Juan P.; Flindt, Christian

2017-05-01

Statistical physics provides the concepts and methods to explain the phase behavior of interacting many-body systems. Investigations of Lee-Yang zeros—complex singularities of the free energy in systems of finite size—have led to a unified understanding of equilibrium phase transitions. The ideas of Lee and Yang, however, are not restricted to equilibrium phenomena. Recently, Lee-Yang zeros have been used to characterize nonequilibrium processes such as dynamical phase transitions in quantum systems after a quench or dynamic order-disorder transitions in glasses. Here, we experimentally realize a scheme for determining Lee-Yang zeros in such nonequilibrium settings. We extract the dynamical Lee-Yang zeros of a stochastic process involving Andreev tunneling between a normal-state island and two superconducting leads from measurements of the dynamical activity along a trajectory. From the short-time behavior of the Lee-Yang zeros, we predict the large-deviation statistics of the activity which is typically difficult to measure. Our method paves the way for further experiments on the statistical mechanics of many-body systems out of equilibrium.

77 FR 69598 - Procurement List Proposed Addition

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-20

... Support, Directorate of Public Works, Fort Lee, Virginia. NPA: Skookum Educational Programs, Bremerton, WA Contracting Activity: Mission and Installation Contracting Command-- Fort Lee, Fort Lee, VA Barry S. Lineback...

Use of Awamori-pressed Lees and Tofu Lees as Feed Ingredients for Growing Male Goats

PubMed Central

Nagamine, Itsuki; Sunagawa, Katsunori; Kina, Takashi

2013-01-01

Awamori is produced by fermenting steamed indica rice. Awamori-pressed lees is a by-product of the Awamori production process. Tofu lees is a by-product of the Tofu production process. Research was conducted to test if dried Awamori-pressed lees and Tofu lees can be used as a mixed feed ingredient for raising male goats. Eighteen male kids were divided into three groups of six animals (control feed group (CFG), Awamori-pressed lees mixed feed group (AMFG), Tofu lees mixed feed group (TMFG)). The CFG used feed containing 20% soybean meal as the main protein source, while the AMFG and TMFG used feed mixed with 20% dried Awamori-pressed lees or dried Tofu lees. The groups were fed mixed feed (volume to provide 100 g/d increase in body weight) and alfalfa hay cubes (2.0 kg/d) twice a day (10:00, 16:00). Klein grass hay and water was given ad libitum. Hay intake was measured at 10:00 and 16:00. Body weight and size measurements were taken once a month. At the end of the experiment, a blood sample was drawn from the jugular vein of each animal and the carcass characteristics, the physical and chemical characteristics of loin were analyzed. DCP and TDN intakes in AMFG and TMFG showed no significant difference to the CFG. Cumulative measurements of growth in body weight and size over the 10 mo period in the AMFG and TMFG were similar to the CFG. Blood parameter values were similar to those in normal goats. Dressing carcass weight and percentages, and total weight of meat in the AMFG were similar to that in the CFG, but smaller in the TMFG. The compressed meat juice ratio was higher in both the TMFG and AMFG than the CFG. While the fat in corn, Awamori-pressed lees, and Tofu lees contains more than 50% linoleic acid, the loin fat in both the AMFG and TMFG was very low in linoleic acid due to the increase in the content of oleic acid, stearic acid, and palmitic acid. This indicates that feeding on AMF and TMF does not inhibit hydrogenation by ruminal microorganisms. As in the CFG, the total essential and non-essential amino acids in the loin of the AMFG and TMFG were well balanced. Compared to the CFG, the AMFG and TMFG were high in taurine and carnosine. The results indicate dried Awamori-pressed lees and Tofu lees can be used as a feed ingredient for raising male goats. PMID:25049908

76 FR 38178 - Change in Bank Control Notices; Acquisitions of Shares of a Bank or Bank Holding Company

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-29

..., New York, New York 10045-0001: 1. Thomas H. Lee (Alternative) Fund VI, L.P., Thomas H. Lee (Alternative) Parallel Fund VI, L.P., Thomas H. Lee (Alternative) Parallel (DT) Fund VI, L.P., THL FBC Equity Investors, L.P., THL Advisors (Alternative) VI, L.P., Thomas H. Lee (Alternative) VI, Ltd., THL Managers VI...

Intimin, Tir, and Shiga Toxin 1 Do Not Influence Enteropathogenic Responses to Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli in Bovine Ligated Intestinal Loops

PubMed Central

Stevens, Mark P.; Marchès, Olivier; Campbell, June; Huter, Veronika; Frankel, Gad; Phillips, Alan D.; Oswald, Eric; Wallis, Timothy S.

2002-01-01

Shiga toxin-producing Escherchia coli (STEC) comprises a group of attaching and effacing (A/E) enteric pathogens of animals and humans. Natural and experimental infection of calves with STEC may result in acute enteritis or subclinical infection, depending on serotype- and host-specific factors. To quantify intestinal secretory and inflammatory responses to STEC in the bovine intestine, serotypes that are associated with human disease (O103:H2 and O157:H7) were introduced into ligated mid-ileal loops in gnotobiotic and conventional calves, and fluid accumulation and recruitment of radiolabeled neutrophils were measured after 12 h. STEC serotype O103:H2, but not serotype O157:H7, elicited strong enteropathogenic responses. To determine if the inflammatory response to STEC O103:H2 in calves requires Shiga toxin 1 or intimate bacterial attachment to the intestinal epithelium, defined mutations were made in the stx1, eae, and tir genes. Our data indicate that some STEC induce intestinal inflammatory responses in calves by a mechanism that is independent of A/E-lesion formation, intimin, or Shiga toxin 1. This may have implications for strategies to reduce STEC carriage in cattle. PMID:11796630

Cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) from Camiguin of Mindanao Province and Dinagat Island in the Philippines, with a new genus and three new species.

PubMed

Lee, Young June; Marshall, David C; Mohagan, Alma; Hill, Kathy B R

2016-03-30

This paper provides the first faunal checklist for the family Cicadidae (Hemiptera) from Camiguin of Mindanao Province and Dinagat Island in the Philippines, comprising ten species belonging to nine genera. Cryptotympana shillana Lee & Mohagan sp. nov., Orientopsaltria inermis (Stål, 1870), Purana crassinotata Lee, 2015, and Huechys parvula Haupt, 1924 are recorded for the first time from Camiguin. Platypleura dinagatensis Lee sp. nov., Chremistica kyoungheeae Lee, 2010, Dundubia vaginata (Fabricius, 1787), Oncotympana pallidiventris Stål, 1870, and Philipsalta nigrina Lee, Marshall & Hill sp. nov. are newly recorded from Dinagat Island. A new genus Philipsalta Lee, Marshall & Hill gen. nov. is erected. Huechysini Distant, 1905 syn. nov. is synonymized with Cicadettini Buckton, 1889. Information on geographic distributions of the Camiguin and Dinagat species is also provided.

Interactions between yeast lees and wine polyphenols during simulation of wine aging: I. Analysis of remnant polyphenolic compounds in the resulting wines.

PubMed

Mazauric, Jean-Paul; Salmon, Jean-Michel

2005-07-13

Wine aging on yeast lees is a traditional enological practice used during the manufacture of wines. This technique has increased in popularity in recent years for the aging of red wines. Although wine polyphenols interact with yeast lees to a limited extent, such interactions have a large effect on the reactivity toward oxygen of wine polyphenolic compounds and yeast lees. Various domains of the yeast cell wall are protected by wine polyphenols from the action of extracellular hydrolytic enzymatic activities. Polysaccharides released during autolysis are thought to exert a significant effect on the sensory qualities of wine. We studied the chemical composition of polyphenolic compounds remaining in solution or adsorbed on yeast lees after various contact times during the simulation of wine aging. The analysis of the remnant polyphenols in the wine indicated that wine polyphenols adsorption on yeast lees follows biphasic kinetics. An initial and rapid fixation is followed by a slow, constant, and saturating fixation that reaches its maximum after about 1 week. Only very few monomeric phenolic compounds remained adsorbed on yeast lees, and no preferential adsorption of low or high polymeric size tannins occurred. The remnant condensed tannins in the wine contained fewer epigallocatechin units than the initial tannins, indicating that polar condensed tannins were preferentially adsorbed on yeast lees. Conversely, the efficiency of anthocyanin adsorption on yeast lees was unrelated to its polarity.

Preemptive Approach to Improving Survival in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-06-01

Metab 2008;93:3471–7. 692[87] Cho JH, Lee JG, Yang YI, Kim JH, Ahn JH, Baek NI, Lee KT, Choi JH. Eupatilin, a die- 693tary flavonoid , induces G2/M cell...Metab 2008;93:3471–7. 692[87] Cho JH, Lee JG, Yang YI, Kim JH, Ahn JH, Baek NI, Lee KT, Choi JH. Eupatilin, a die- 693tary flavonoid , induces G2/M

Privacy Preservation in Context-Aware Systems

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-01-01

Policies and the Semantic Web The Semantic Web refers to both a vision and a set of technologies. The vision was first articulated by Tim Berners - Lee ... Berners - lee 2005) is a distributed framework for describing and reasoning over policies in the Semantic Web. It supports N3 rules ( Berners - Lee ...Connolly 2008), ( Berners - Lee et al. 2005) for representing intercon- nections between policies and resources and uses the CWM forward-chaining reasoning

An Ontological Approach to Developing Information Operations Applications for Use on the Semantic Web

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-09-01

IWPC 21 Berners - Lee , Tim . (1999). Weaving the Web. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, Inc. 22... Berners - Lee , Tim . (1999). Weaving the Web. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, Inc. Berners - Lee , T., Hendler, J., & Lassila, O. (2001). The Semantic...environment where software agents roaming from page to page can readily carry out sophisticated tasks for users. T. Berners - Lee , J. Hendler, and O

Curli modulates adherence of Escherichia coli O157 to bovine recto-anal junction squamous epithelial cells

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Our recent studies have shown that Intimin and the Locus of Enterocyte Effacement-encoded proteins do not play a role in Escherichia coli O157 (O157) adherence to the bovine recto-anal junction squamous epithelial cells (RSE) cells. Hence, to define factors that play a contributory role, we investi...

LEE VINING INTAKE LOOKING SOUTH. (MOTTLED SKY FROM CONDENSED MOISTURE ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

LEE VINING INTAKE LOOKING SOUTH. (MOTTLED SKY FROM CONDENSED MOISTURE ON NEGATIVE AFFECTING EVEN PROCESSING OF SKY, SAVED FOR DOCUMENTARY PURPOSES) - Los Angeles Aqueduct, Lee Vining Intake Structure, Los Angeles, Los Angeles County, CA

29. SECOND FLOOR EAST SIDE APARTMENT EAST BEDROOM INTERIOR. ALUMINUMFRAME ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

29. SECOND FLOOR EAST SIDE APARTMENT EAST BEDROOM INTERIOR. ALUMINUM-FRAME SLIDING-GLASS WINDOWS ARE REPLACEMENTS. VIEW TO NORTHEAST. - Lee Vining Creek Hydroelectric System, Triplex Cottage, Lee Vining Creek, Lee Vining, Mono County, CA

33 CFR 110.155 - Port of New York.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 915 yards from the Fort Lee flagpole) on a line ranging approximately 100°22′ from the Fort Lee... said line ranging between the Fort Lee flagpole and the square chimney on the Medical Center Building...

33 CFR 110.155 - Port of New York.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 915 yards from the Fort Lee flagpole) on a line ranging approximately 100°22′ from the Fort Lee... said line ranging between the Fort Lee flagpole and the square chimney on the Medical Center Building...

78 FR 58342 - Proposed Fee Schedule for Commercial Filming and Still Photography Permits

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-23

... ; put ``Commercial Filming Fee Schedule'' in the subject line. Mail: Lee Dickinson, Special Park Uses... FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Lee Dickinson, National Park Service at 202-513-7092 or by email at lee...

NATIONAL SECURITY: Relief, Rebukes Follow Agreement on Lee.

PubMed

Lawler, A

2000-09-15

What began as an explosive case of alleged nuclear espionage is expected to end quietly soon when physicist Wen Ho Lee walks free from an Albuquerque, New Mexico, courtroom after 9 months in jail. The ignominious collapse of the government's case and Lee's release have embarrassed federal prosecutors. However, the news was a relief to Asian-American researchers and others who say Lee's status as a suspect had heightened racial tensions at the national labs.

40 CFR 81.301 - Alabama.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... County Lawrence County Lee County Limestone County Lowndes County Macon County Madison County Marengo... Lauderdale County Lawrence County Lee County Limestone County Lowndes County Macon County Madison County... Lamar County Lauderdale County Lawrence County Lee County Limestone County Lowndes County Macon County...

40 CFR 81.301 - Alabama.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... County Lawrence County Lee County Limestone County Lowndes County Macon County Madison County Marengo... County Houston County Jackson County Lamar County Lauderdale County Lawrence County Lee County Limestone... County Houston County Jackson County Lamar County Lauderdale County Lawrence County Lee County Limestone...

Subinertial Slope-Trapped Waves in the Northeastern Gulf of Mexico

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-06-01

describe low-frequency varia- bility in the GOM and its interaction with the topo- graphy. Oey and Lee (2002) describe modeled deep eddy kinetic...deep energy can penetrate onto the upper part of the slope in this region; Oey and Lee (2002) state that their model cannot adequately resolve...slope topography in the NE GOM is described by Cames et al. (2008), Hamilton and Lee (2005), and Wang et al. (2003). Hamilton and Lee (2005) found

22. FIRST FLOOR APARTMENT SOUTH BEDROOM INTERIOR SHOWING PAIRED 6LIGHT ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

22. FIRST FLOOR APARTMENT SOUTH BEDROOM INTERIOR SHOWING PAIRED 6-LIGHT OVER 6-LIGHT DOUBLE-HUNG, WOOD-FRAMED WINDOWS. VIEW TO SOUTH. - Lee Vining Creek Hydroelectric System, Triplex Cottage, Lee Vining Creek, Lee Vining, Mono County, CA

Probiotic Enterococcus faecalis Symbioflor® down regulates virulence genes of EHEC in vitro and decrease pathogenicity in a Caenorhabditis elegans model.

PubMed

Neuhaus, Klaus; Lamparter, Marina C; Zölch, Benjamin; Landstorfer, Richard; Simon, Svenja; Spanier, Britta; Ehrmann, Matthias A; Vogel, Rudi F

2017-03-01

Enterohemorrhagic E. coli O157:H7 (EHEC) shorten the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans compared to avirulent bacteria. Co-feeding EHEC with Enterococcus faecalis Symbioflor ® significantly increased the worms' lifespan. The transcriptome of EHEC grown in vitro with or without Symbioflor ® was analyzed using RNA-seq. The analysis revealed downregulation of several virulence-associated genes in the presence of Symbioflor ® , including virulence key genes (e.g., LEE, flagellum, quorum-sensing). The downregulation of the LEE genes was corroborated by lux-transposon mutants. Upregulated genes included acid response genes, due to a decrease in pH exerted by Symbioflor ® . Further genes indicate cellular stress in EHEC (e.g. prophage/mobile elements involved in excision, cell lysis, and cell division inhibition). Thus, the observed protection of C. elegans during an EHEC infection by the probiotic Symbioflor ® is suggested to be caused by triggering concomitant transcriptomic changes. To verify the biological relevance of this modulation, exemplary genes found to be influenced by Symbioflor ® were knocked out (fliD, espB, Z3136, Z3917, and L7052). The lifespan of nematodes changed when using knock-outs as food source and the effect could be complemented in trans. In summary, Symbioflor ® appears to be a protective probiotic in the nematode model.

Effect of RNase E deficiency on translocon protein synthesis in an RNase E-inducible strain of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7.

PubMed

Lodato, Patricia B; Thuraisamy, Thujitha; Richards, Jamie; Belasco, Joel G

2017-07-06

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is a food-borne pathogen that assembles a type III secretion system (T3SS) on its surface. The last portion of the T3SS, called the 'translocon', is composed of a filament and a pore complex that is inserted into the membrane of intestinal epithelial cells. The genes encoding the translocon (espADB) are part of the LEE4 operon. Their expression is regulated by a complex post-transcriptional mechanism that involves the processing of LEE4 mRNA by the essential endoribonuclease RNase E. Here, we report the construction of an EHEC strain (TEA028-rne) in which RNase E can be induced by adding IPTG to the culture medium. EHEC cells deficient in RNase E displayed an abnormal morphology and slower growth, in agreement with published observations in E. coli K-12. Under those conditions, EspA and EspB were produced at higher concentrations, and protein secretion still occurred. These results indicate that RNase E negatively regulates translocon protein synthesis and demonstrate the utility of E. coli strain TEA028-rne as a tool for investigating the influence of this ribonuclease on EHEC gene expression in vitro. © FEMS 2017. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Potential of lees from wine, beer and cider manufacturing as a source of economic nutrients: An overview.

PubMed

Pérez-Bibbins, B; Torrado-Agrasar, A; Salgado, J M; Oliveira, R Pinheiro de Souza; Domínguez, J M

2015-06-01

Lees are the wastes generated during the fermentation and aging processes of different industrial activities concerning alcoholic drinks such as wine, cider and beer. They must be conveniently treated to avoid uncontrolled dumping which causes environmental problems due to their high content of phenols, pesticides, heavy metals, and considerable concentrations of nitrogen, phosphate and potassium as well as high organic content. The companies involved must seek alternative environmental and economic physicochemical and biological treatments for their revalorization consisting in the recovery or transformation of the components of the lees into high value-added compounds. After describing the composition of lees and market of wine, beer and cider industries in Spain, this work aims to review the recent applications of wine, beer and cider lees reported in literature, with special attention to the use of lees as an endless sustainable source of nutrients and the production of yeast extract by autolysis or cell disruption. Lees and/or yeast extract can be used as nutritional supplements with potential exploitation in the biotechnological industry for the production of natural compounds such as xylitol, organic acids, and biosurfactants, among others. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Quantitation and structural determination of glucosylceramides contained in sake lees.

PubMed

Takahashi, Koshiro; Izumi, Kazuki; Nakahata, Eriko; Hirata, Miyo; Sawada, Kazutaka; Tsuge, Keisuke; Nagao, Koji; Kitagaki, Hiroshi

2014-01-01

Sake lees are solid parts filtered from the mash of sake, the traditional rice wine of Japan, which is brewed with Aspergillus oryzae and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The moisture-holding activity of sake lees has long been recognized in Japan. However, the constituent responsible for this activity has not been elucidated. In this study, we first determined the structure of the glucosylceramides contained in sake lees. The glucosylceramides contained in sake lees were N-2'-hydroxyoctadecanoyl-l-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-9-methyl-4,8-sphingadienine (d19:2/C18:0h), N-2'-hydroxyoctadecanoyl-l-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-4,8-sphingadienine (d18:2/C18:0h), N-2'-hydroxyicosanoyl-l-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-4,8-sphingadienine (d18:2/C20:0h) and N-2'-hydroxyicosanoyl-l-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-4,8-sphingadienine (d18:2/C22:0h), which corresponded to those of A. oryzae and rice. The glucosylceramide produced by A. oryzae constituted the most abundant species (43% of the total glucosylceramide) in the sake lees. These results will be of value in the utilization of sake lees for cosmetics and functional foods.

15. FIRST FLOOR APARTMENT LIVING ROOM INTERIOR. OPEN DOORWAY AT ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

15. FIRST FLOOR APARTMENT LIVING ROOM INTERIOR. OPEN DOORWAY AT PHOTO CENTER OPENS TO KITCHEN. OPEN DOORWAY AT PHOTO LEFT OPENS TO BATHROOM. VIEW TO NORTHWEST. - Lee Vining Creek Hydroelectric System, Triplex Cottage, Lee Vining Creek, Lee Vining, Mono County, CA

40 CFR 81.310 - Florida.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... County Indian River County Jackson County Jefferson County Lafayette County Lake County Lee County Leon... County Lee County Leon County Levy County Liberty County Madison County Manatee County Marion County... Indian River County Jackson County Jefferson County Lafayette County Lake County Lee County Leon County...

77 FR 39244 - Change in Bank Control Notices; Acquisitions of Shares of a Bank or Bank Holding Company

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-02

... South LaSalle Street, Chicago, Illinois 60690-1414: 1. Sidney J. Lee, as an individual, and together with Medora Lee, both of Chicago, Illinois, and Serena Lee, Greenwich, Connecticut; as a group acting...

75 FR 11225 - Environmental Impact Statement; Lee and Collier Counties, Florida

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-10

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Federal Highway Administration Environmental Impact Statement; Lee and Collier Counties, Florida AGENCY: Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), DOT. ACTION: Notice of...) for the proposed County Road 951 highway project in Lee and Collier Counties, Florida. This is formal...

40 CFR 81.310 - Florida.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... County Indian River County Jackson County Jefferson County Lafayette County Lake County Lee County Leon... Lafayette County Lake County Lee County Leon County Levy County Liberty County Madison County Manatee County... Indian River County Jackson County Jefferson County Lafayette County Lake County Lee County Leon County...

Template-free modeling by LEE and LEER in CASP11.

PubMed

Joung, InSuk; Lee, Sun Young; Cheng, Qianyi; Kim, Jong Yun; Joo, Keehyoung; Lee, Sung Jong; Lee, Jooyoung

2016-09-01

For the template-free modeling of human targets of CASP11, we utilized two of our modeling protocols, LEE and LEER. The LEE protocol took CASP11-released server models as the input and used some of them as templates for 3D (three-dimensional) modeling. The template selection procedure was based on the clustering of the server models aided by a community detection method of a server-model network. Restraining energy terms generated from the selected templates together with physical and statistical energy terms were used to build 3D models. Side-chains of the 3D models were rebuilt using target-specific consensus side-chain library along with the SCWRL4 rotamer library, which completed the LEE protocol. The first success factor of the LEE protocol was due to efficient server model screening. The average backbone accuracy of selected server models was similar to that of top 30% server models. The second factor was that a proper energy function along with our optimization method guided us, so that we successfully generated better quality models than the input template models. In 10 out of 24 cases, better backbone structures than the best of input template structures were generated. LEE models were further refined by performing restrained molecular dynamics simulations to generate LEER models. CASP11 results indicate that LEE models were better than the average template models in terms of both backbone structures and side-chain orientations. LEER models were of improved physical realism and stereo-chemistry compared to LEE models, and they were comparable to LEE models in the backbone accuracy. Proteins 2016; 84(Suppl 1):118-130. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

24. SECOND FLOOR EAST SIDE APARTMENT LIVING ROOM INTERIOR SHOWING ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

24. SECOND FLOOR EAST SIDE APARTMENT LIVING ROOM INTERIOR SHOWING DOORWAY INTO KITCHEN AT PHOTO CENTER LEFT AND OPEN DOORWAY INTO BATHROOM AT PHOTO RIGHT. VIEW TO SOUTHWEST. - Lee Vining Creek Hydroelectric System, Triplex Cottage, Lee Vining Creek, Lee Vining, Mono County, CA

32. SECOND FLOOR WEST SIDE APARTMENT LIVING ROOM INTERIOR SHOWING ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

32. SECOND FLOOR WEST SIDE APARTMENT LIVING ROOM INTERIOR SHOWING DOORWAY INTO KITCHEN AT PHOTO CENTER RIGHT, AND OPEN DOORWAY IN BATHROOM AT PHOTO LEFT. VIEW TO SOUTHWEST. - Lee Vining Creek Hydroelectric System, Triplex Cottage, Lee Vining Creek, Lee Vining, Mono County, CA

5. EXTERIOR OF TRIPLEX COTTAGE ROOF SHOWING MANVILLE COMPOSITION SHINGLES, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

5. EXTERIOR OF TRIPLEX COTTAGE ROOF SHOWING MANVILLE COMPOSITION SHINGLES, POURED CONCRETE CHIMNEYS, AND TRANSLUCENT PLASTIC COVERING OVER WALKWAY AT REAR OF HOUSE (PHOTO LEFT). VIEW TO NORTHWEST. - Lee Vining Creek Hydroelectric System, Triplex Cottage, Lee Vining Creek, Lee Vining, Mono County, CA

40 CFR 81.318 - Kentucky.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Lee County X Leslie County X Letcher County X Lewis County X Lincoln County X Livingston County X... Lawrence County X Lee County X Leslie County X Letcher County X Lewis County X Lincoln County X Livingston... County Unclassifiable/Attainment Lawrence County Unclassifiable/Attainment Lee County Unclassifiable...

76 FR 68107 - Final Flood Elevation Determinations

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-03

... Communities affected elevation above ground [caret] Elevation in meters (MSL) Modified Lee County, Alabama... Areas of Saugahatchee Creek. Lee County. Approximately 1.9 miles +537 upstream of the confluence with..., Saugahatchee Creek. Unincorporated Areas of Lee County. Approximately 640 feet +693 upstream of Gatewood Drive...

40 CFR 81.318 - Kentucky.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Lee County X Leslie County X Letcher County X Lewis County X Lincoln County X Livingston County X... Lawrence County X Lee County X Leslie County X Letcher County X Lewis County X Lincoln County X Livingston... County Unclassifiable/Attainment Lawrence County Unclassifiable/Attainment Lee County Unclassifiable...

37. SECOND FLOOR WEST SIDE APARTMENT EAST BEDROOM INTERIOR SHOWING ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

37. SECOND FLOOR WEST SIDE APARTMENT EAST BEDROOM INTERIOR SHOWING PAIRED 6-LIGHT OVER 6-LIGHT DOUBLE-HUNG, WOOD-FRAME WINDOWS ON NORTH WALL. VIEW TO NORTHEAST. - Lee Vining Creek Hydroelectric System, Triplex Cottage, Lee Vining Creek, Lee Vining, Mono County, CA

Nursing Care Hour Standards Study. Part 1. Section A. Patient Classification System Model Development

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-09-01

Change = 2311 (257) Teaching - Diabetic = 2313 (258) Labor Room Examination and Preparation, Routine = 2434 (259) Fetal Heart Tones, Manual = 2412 (260... Fetal Heart Tones, Doppler = 2413 (261) Dilatation and Effecement Assessment = 2403 (262) Dilatation and Effacement Assessment, Assisting Physician...Ultrasonic Transducer/Tocotransducer = 2435 (270) Monitoring Fetal Heart Tones, Ultrasonic Transducer = 2436 (271) Monitoring Fetal Heart Tones, Ultrasonic

A Time of Quiet Activism: Research, Practice, and Policy in American Women's Higher Education, 1945-1965

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Eisenmann, Linda

2005-01-01

This article reflects on three narratives that affected American women's participation in higher education during the first twenty years after World War II. In hindsight, the educators of the 1950s and early 1960s may seem gratuitously meek and self-effacing. In comparison to later efforts, their activism can appear unnecessarily limited and too…

Tentative identification of polar and mid-polar compounds in extracts from wine lees by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in high-resolution mode.

PubMed

Delgado de la Torre, M P; Priego-Capote, F; Luque de Castro, M D

2015-06-01

Sustainable agriculture has a pending goal in the revalorization of agrofood residues. Wine lees are an abundant residue in the oenological industry. This residue, so far, has been used to obtain tartaric acid or pigments but not for being qualitatively characterized as a source of polar and mid-polar compounds such as flavonoids, phenols and essential amino acids. Lees extracts from 11 Spanish wineries have been analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in high resolution mode. The high-resolution power of LC-MS/MS has led to the tentative identification of the most representative compounds present in wine lees, comprising primary amino acids, anthocyans, flavanols, flavonols, flavones and non-flavonoid phenolic compounds, among others. Attending to the profile and content of polar and mid-polar compounds in wine lees, this study underlines the potential of wine lees as an exploitable source to isolate interesting compounds. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Euterpe edulis Extract but Not Oil Enhances Antioxidant Defenses and Protects against Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Induced by a High-Fat Diet in Rats.

PubMed

Freitas, Rodrigo Barros; Novaes, Rômulo Dias; Gonçalves, Reggiani Vilela; Mendonça, Bianca Gazolla; Santos, Eliziária Cardoso; Ribeiro, Andréia Queiroz; Lima, Luciana Moreira; Fietto, Luciano Gomes; Peluzio, Maria do Carmo Gouveia; Leite, João Paulo Viana

2016-01-01

We investigated the effects of E. edulis bioproducts (lyophilized pulp [LEE], defatted lyophilized pulp [LDEE], and oil [EO]) on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) in rats. All products were chemically analyzed. In vivo, 42 rats were equally randomized into seven groups receiving standard diet, HFD alone or combined with EO, LEE, or LDEE. After NAFLD induction, LEE, LDEE, or EO was added to the animals' diet for 4 weeks. LEE was rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids. From LEE degreasing, LDEE presented higher levels of anthocyanins and antioxidant capacity in vitro. Dietary intake of LEE and especially LDEE, but not EO, attenuated diet-induced NAFLD, reducing inflammatory infiltrate, steatosis, and lipid peroxidation in liver tissue. Although both E. edulis bioproducts were not hepatotoxic, only LDEE presented sufficient benefits to treat NAFLD in rats, possibly by its low lipid content and high amount of phenols and anthocyanins.

Euterpe edulis Extract but Not Oil Enhances Antioxidant Defenses and Protects against Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Induced by a High-Fat Diet in Rats

PubMed Central

Freitas, Rodrigo Barros; Novaes, Rômulo Dias; Gonçalves, Reggiani Vilela; Mendonça, Bianca Gazolla; Santos, Eliziária Cardoso; Ribeiro, Andréia Queiroz; Lima, Luciana Moreira; Fietto, Luciano Gomes; Peluzio, Maria do Carmo Gouveia

2016-01-01

We investigated the effects of E. edulis bioproducts (lyophilized pulp [LEE], defatted lyophilized pulp [LDEE], and oil [EO]) on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) in rats. All products were chemically analyzed. In vivo, 42 rats were equally randomized into seven groups receiving standard diet, HFD alone or combined with EO, LEE, or LDEE. After NAFLD induction, LEE, LDEE, or EO was added to the animals' diet for 4 weeks. LEE was rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids. From LEE degreasing, LDEE presented higher levels of anthocyanins and antioxidant capacity in vitro. Dietary intake of LEE and especially LDEE, but not EO, attenuated diet-induced NAFLD, reducing inflammatory infiltrate, steatosis, and lipid peroxidation in liver tissue. Although both E. edulis bioproducts were not hepatotoxic, only LDEE presented sufficient benefits to treat NAFLD in rats, possibly by its low lipid content and high amount of phenols and anthocyanins. PMID:27418954

Adsorption Characteristics of Pb(2+) onto Wine Lees-Derived Biochar.

PubMed

Zhu, Qihong; Wu, Jun; Wang, Lilin; Yang, Gang; Zhang, Xiaohong

2016-08-01

Biochar has great advantages in soil amendment and polluted soil remediation. Herein, the pore and adsorption properties of wine lees-derived biochar were explored. Specifically, the adsorption isotherm and kinetics of Pb(2+) onto wine lees-derived biochar were examined. Experimental results revealed that wine lees-derived biochar featured large specific surface area and total pore volume, and high contents of -COOH and -OH on its surface. Adsorption of Pb(2+) onto wine lees-derived biochar proceeded via a multilayer adsorption mechanism, as described by the Freundlich adsorption model. Adsorption kinetics followed the Lagergren pseudo-second-order kinetics model; adsorption equilibrium was achieved within 30-60 min. Furthermore, the effect of solution pH on the adsorption of Pb(2+) was investigated. Within the studied pH range of 3-6, the adsorption capacity increased with increasing pH. Under established optimized conditions, wine lees-derived biochar achieved a Pb(2+) adsorption capacity of 79.12 mg/g.

40 CFR 81.325 - Mississippi.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Lee County X Leflore County X Lincoln County X Lowndes County X Madison County X Marion County X... Lee County X Leflore County X Lincoln County X Lowndes County X Madison County X Marion County X... County Kemper County Lafayette County Lamar County Lauderdale County Lawrence County Leake County Lee...

76 FR 4725 - Apria Healthcare Customer Service Department; Fourteen Locations in Missouri Cameron, Cape...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-26

..., Fenton, Joplin, Lee's Summit, Pleasant Valley, Poplar Bluff, Rolla, Springfield, St. Joseph, St. Peters... in Missouri: Cameron, Cape Girardeau, Columbia, Farmington, Fenton, Joplin, Lee's Summit, Pleasant..., Farmington, Fenton, Joplin, Lee's Summit, Pleasant Valley, Poplar Bluff, Rolla, Springfield, St. Joseph, St...

75 FR 30021 - South Carolina Electric and Gas Company; Saluda Hydroelectric Project; Notice of Teleconference...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-28

... telephone. The FERC contact for the Saluda Hydroelectric Project is Lee Emery. Please call Lee Emery at (202) 502-8379 by 4 p.m. EST, June 11, 2010, or by e-mail at lee[email protected] , to receive specific...

76 FR 34123 - Culturally Significant Objects Imported for Exhibition Determinations: “Lee Ufan: Marking Infinity”

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-10

... DEPARTMENT OF STATE [Public Notice 7501] Culturally Significant Objects Imported for Exhibition Determinations: ``Lee Ufan: Marking Infinity'' SUMMARY: Notice is hereby given of the following determinations... the exhibition ``Lee Ufan: Marking Infinity,'' imported from abroad for temporary exhibition within...

47 CFR 90.614 - Segments of the 806-824/851-869 MHz band for non-border areas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

..., Henry, Houston, Jackson, Jefferson, Lamar, Lauderdale, Lawrence, Lee, Limestone, Lowndes, Macon, Madison..., Jasper, Jeff Davis, Jefferson, Jenkins, Johnson, Jones, Lamar, Lanier, Laurens, Lee, Liberty, Lincoln..., Lawrence, Leake, Lee, Lincoln, Lowndes, Madison, Marion, Monroe, Montgomery, Neshoba, Newton, Noxubee...

47 CFR 90.614 - Segments of the 806-824/851-869 MHz band for non-border areas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

..., Henry, Houston, Jackson, Jefferson, Lamar, Lauderdale, Lawrence, Lee, Limestone, Lowndes, Macon, Madison..., Jasper, Jeff Davis, Jefferson, Jenkins, Johnson, Jones, Lamar, Lanier, Laurens, Lee, Liberty, Lincoln..., Lawrence, Leake, Lee, Lincoln, Lowndes, Madison, Marion, Monroe, Montgomery, Neshoba, Newton, Noxubee...

40 CFR 81.325 - Mississippi.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Lee County X Leflore County X Lincoln County X Lowndes County X Madison County X Marion County X... Lee County X Leflore County X Lincoln County X Lowndes County X Madison County X Marion County X... County Kemper County Lafayette County Lamar County Lauderdale County Lawrence County Leake County Lee...

LEE VINING INTAKE LOOKING NORTH. DIVERTED WATER FOR CITY OF ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

LEE VINING INTAKE LOOKING NORTH. DIVERTED WATER FOR CITY OF LOS ANGELES USED TO GO OUT VIA COVERED CONDUIT TO RIGHT OF PICTURE SPACE. SCORCHED SAGE IN FOREGROUND FROM RECENT FOREST FIRE - Los Angeles Aqueduct, Lee Vining Intake Structure, Los Angeles, Los Angeles County, CA

16. FIRST FLOOR APARTMENT KITCHEN INTERIOR SHOWING OPEN DOORWAY TO ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

16. FIRST FLOOR APARTMENT KITCHEN INTERIOR SHOWING OPEN DOORWAY TO LIVING ROOM AND PAIRED 6-LIGHT OVER 6-LIGHT DOUBLE-HUNG, WOOD-FRAME WINDOWS OVER SINK. VIEW TO EAST. - Lee Vining Creek Hydroelectric System, Triplex Cottage, Lee Vining Creek, Lee Vining, Mono County, CA

Retrospective: Ivy Lee and the German Dye Trust.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hainsworth, Brad E.

1987-01-01

Examines the relationship between public relations trailblazer Ivy Lee and the German Dye Trust, which became an agent for the policies of Adolf Hitler. Discusses how Lee's efforts to use this relationship to persuade his contacts to influence the Nazi leadership failed because of his formal connection with this group. (JD)

12. INTERIOR OF COVERED WALKWAY BEHIND SECOND FLOOR APARTMENTS FROM ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

12. INTERIOR OF COVERED WALKWAY BEHIND SECOND FLOOR APARTMENTS FROM OPPOSITE VIEW OF CA-XXX-11. DOOR AT PHOTO LEFT OPENS INTO THE KITCHEN OF THE WEST SIDE SECOND FLOOR APARTMENT. VIEW TO EAST. - Lee Vining Creek Hydroelectric System, Triplex Cottage, Lee Vining Creek, Lee Vining, Mono County, CA

34. SECOND FLOOR WEST SIDE APARTMENT KITCHEN INTERIOR. DOORWAY AT ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

34. SECOND FLOOR WEST SIDE APARTMENT KITCHEN INTERIOR. DOORWAY AT PHOTO LEFT LEADS TO PANTRY. GROUP OF THREE 6-LIGHT WOOD-FRAME CASEMENT WINDOWS OPEN TO WALKWAY AT REAR OF BUILDING. VIEW TO SOUTH. - Lee Vining Creek Hydroelectric System, Triplex Cottage, Lee Vining Creek, Lee Vining, Mono County, CA

36. SECOND FLOOR WEST SIDE APARTMENT EAST BEDROOM INTERIOR. OPEN ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

36. SECOND FLOOR WEST SIDE APARTMENT EAST BEDROOM INTERIOR. OPEN DOORWAY AT PHOTO LEFT CENTER LEADS TO CLOSET, AND OPEN DOORWAY AT PHOTO RIGHT CENTER LEADS TO LIVING ROOM. VIEW TO SOUTH. - Lee Vining Creek Hydroelectric System, Triplex Cottage, Lee Vining Creek, Lee Vining, Mono County, CA

49 CFR Appendix F to Subchapter B... - Commercial Zones

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

....J.; the area within the borough limits of Alpine, Tenafly, Englewood Cliffs, Leonia, Fort Lee... along U.S. Highway 40 to its junction with the Lee's Summit, Mo., corporate limits. Thence along the eastern Lee's Summit corporate limits to the Jackson-Cass County line, thence west along Jackson-Cass...

40 CFR 81.311 - Georgia.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Lamar County X Lanier County X Laurens County X Lee County X Liberty County X Lincoln County X Long... Lamar County X Lanier County X Laurens County X Lee County X Liberty County X Lincoln County X Long... County Jenkins County Johnson County Jones County Lamar County Lanier County Laurens County Lee County...

40 CFR 81.314 - Illinois.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... County X Woodford County X Lee County X AQCR 66: Champaign County X Clark County X Coles County X... Washington County X AQCR 71: Bureau County: Shelby Twp X All other Bureau twps X La Salle County X Lee County.../Attainment La Salle County Unclassifiable/Attainment Lawrence County Unclassifiable/Attainment Lee County...

75 FR 10460 - Yakutat Resource Advisory Committee

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-08

... at the Kwaan Conference Room, 712 Ocean Cape Drive, Yakutat, Alaska. Send written comments to Lee A... [email protected] . FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Lee A. Benson, District Ranger and Designated Federal... opportunity to address the Council at those sessions. Dated: February 19, 2010. Lee A. Benson, District Ranger...

75 FR 26255 - Change in Bank Control Notices; Acquisition of Shares of Bank or Bank Holding Companies

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-11

... Street, San Francisco, California 94105-1579: 1. Thomas H. Lee Equity Fund VI, L.P.; Thomas H. Lee Parallel Fund VI, L.P.; Thomas H. Lee Parallel (DT) Fund VI, L.P.; and THL Sterling Equity Investors, L.P...

40 CFR 81.341 - South Carolina.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... County X Laurens County X Lee County X Lexington County X McCormick County X Marion County X Marlboro... X Jasper County X Kershaw County X Lancaster County X Laurens County X Lee County X Lexington County... County Kershaw County Lancaster County Laurens County Lee County Lexington County Marion County Marlboro...

40 CFR 81.341 - South Carolina.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... County X Laurens County X Lee County X Lexington County X McCormick County X Marion County X Marlboro... X Jasper County X Kershaw County X Lancaster County X Laurens County X Lee County X Lexington County... County Kershaw County Lancaster County Laurens County Lee County Lexington County Marion County Marlboro...

40 CFR 81.311 - Georgia.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Lamar County X Lanier County X Laurens County X Lee County X Liberty County X Lincoln County X Long... Lamar County X Lanier County X Laurens County X Lee County X Liberty County X Lincoln County X Long... County Jenkins County Johnson County Jones County Lamar County Lanier County Laurens County Lee County...

76 FR 12691 - Yakutat Resource Advisory Committee

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-08

... Lee A. Benson, c/o Forest Service, USDA, P.O. Box 327, Yakutat, AK 99689, electronically to labenson... INFORMATION CONTACT: Lee A. Benson, District Ranger and Designated Federal Official, Yakutat Ranger District... written statements with the Committee staff before or after the meeting. Dated: February 25, 2011. Lee A...

40 CFR 81.316 - Iowa.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Remainder of Lee County X Cedar Rapids—a portion of Linn County contained entirely within T 82 N., R 7 W... County Johnson County Jones County Keokuk County Kossuth County Lee County Linn County Louisa County... County Johnson County Jones County Keokuk County Kossuth County Lee County Linn County Louisa County...

78 FR 73886 - Schweitzer-Mauduit International, Inc., Paper Machine #21, Ancram, New York; Schweitzer-Mauduit...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-09

...., Columbia Mill, Lee, Massachusetts; Amended Certification Regarding Eligibility To Apply for Worker... revealed that workers of Schweitzer-Mauduit International, Inc., Columbia Mill, Lee, Massachusetts are... working at Schweitzer-Mauduit International, Inc., Columbia Mill, Lee, Massachusetts (TA-W-82,718A). The...

40 CFR 81.316 - Iowa.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Remainder of Lee County X Cedar Rapids—a portion of Linn County contained entirely within T 82 N., R 7 W... County Johnson County Jones County Keokuk County Kossuth County Lee County Linn County Louisa County... County Johnson County Jones County Keokuk County Kossuth County Lee County Linn County Louisa County...

40 CFR 81.314 - Illinois.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... County X Woodford County X Lee County X AQCR 66: Champaign County X Clark County X Coles County X... Washington County X AQCR 71: Bureau County: Shelby Twp X All other Bureau twps X La Salle County X Lee County.../Attainment La Salle County Unclassifiable/Attainment Lawrence County Unclassifiable/Attainment Lee County...

23. SECOND FLOOR EAST SIDE APARTMENT LIVING ROOM INTERIOR. PAIRED ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

23. SECOND FLOOR EAST SIDE APARTMENT LIVING ROOM INTERIOR. PAIRED 4-LIGHT OVER 1-LIGHT DOUBLE-HUNG, WOOD-FRAME WINDOWS FLANK ENTRY DOOR. DOORWAY AT PHOTO RIGHT OPENS TO KITCHEN. VIEW TO SOUTHEAST. - Lee Vining Creek Hydroelectric System, Triplex Cottage, Lee Vining Creek, Lee Vining, Mono County, CA

38. SECOND FLOOR WEST SIDE APARTMENT WEST BEDROOM INTERIOR SHOWING ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

38. SECOND FLOOR WEST SIDE APARTMENT WEST BEDROOM INTERIOR SHOWING PAIRED 6-LIGHT OVER 6-LIGHT DOUBLE-HUNG, WOOD-FRAME WINDOWS ON WEST WALL AND OPEN DOORWAY TO LIVING ROOM. VIEW TO WEST. - Lee Vining Creek Hydroelectric System, Triplex Cottage, Lee Vining Creek, Lee Vining, Mono County, CA

33. SECOND FLOOR WEST SIDE APARTMENT KITCHEN INTERIOR. 6LIGHT PANEL ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

33. SECOND FLOOR WEST SIDE APARTMENT KITCHEN INTERIOR. 6-LIGHT PANEL DOOR AND 6-LIGHT CASEMENT WINDOW AT PHOTO CENTER AND PHOTO RIGHT RESPECTIVELY OPEN TO EXTERIOR STAIRWAY LANDING. VIEW TO WEST. - Lee Vining Creek Hydroelectric System, Triplex Cottage, Lee Vining Creek, Lee Vining, Mono County, CA

Constraints on the Lee-Wick Higgs sector

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Carone, Christopher D.; Primulando, Reinard

2009-09-01

Lee-Wick partners to the standard model Higgs doublet may appear at a mass scale that is significantly lower than that of the remaining Lee-Wick partner states. The relevant effective theory is a two-Higgs doublet model in which one doublet has wrong-sign kinetic and mass terms. We determine bounds on this effective theory, including those from neutral B-meson mixing, b{yields}X{sub s}{gamma}, and Z{yields}bb. The results differ from those of conventional two-Higgs doublet models and lead to meaningful constraints on the Lee-Wick Higgs sector.

Eddies and Filaments of the Western Adriatic Current near Cape Gargano: Analysis and Prediction

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-10-21

circulation in the lee of the cape. By 4 Sep. (Fig. 7b), the winds have relaxed, and the meanders are larger in amplitude. The anti-cyclone in the lee of...branch, which forms an anti- cyclonic ‘ lee ’ eddy near the cape, and an eastward branch, which forms a matching cyclonic eddy further downstream. In some...separation of the resulting combined flow and its subsequent point of impingement on the coast vary from frame to frame. The lee eddy resembles one described

'Items for criticism (not in sequence)': Joseph DeLee, Pare Lorentz and The Fight for Life (1940).

PubMed

Gainty, Caitjan

2017-09-01

In the late 1920s, the American obstetrician Joseph DeLee brought the motion-picture camera into the birth room. Following that era's trend of adapting industrial efficiency practices for medical environments, DeLee's films give spectacular and unexpected expression to the engineering concept of 'streamlining'. Accomplishing what more tangible obstetric streamlining practices had failed to, DeLee's cameras, and his post-production manipulation, shifted birth from messy and dangerous to rationalized, efficient, death-defying. This was film as an active and effective medical tool. Years later, the documentarian Pare Lorentz produced and wrote his own birth film, The Fight for Life (1940). The documentary subject of the film was DeLee himself, and the film was set in his hospitals, on the same maternity 'sets' that had once showcased film's remarkable streamlining capacity to give and keep life. Yet relatively little of DeLee was retained in the film's content, resulting in a showdown that, by way of contrast, further articulated DeLee's understanding of film's medical powers and, in so doing, hinted at a more dynamic moment in the history of medicine while speaking also to the process by which that understanding ceased to be historically legible.

Oxygen Consumption by Postfermentation Wine Yeast Lees: Factors Affecting Its Rate and Extent under Oenological Conditions

PubMed Central

Müller, Jonas; Schmidt, Dominik

2016-01-01

Summary Postfermentation wine yeast lees show antioxidant properties based on their ability to consume dissolved oxygen. The oxygen consumption capacity of suspended yeast lees obtained after fermentations with six commercial active dry yeast strains was investigated in model, white and red wines using fluorescence-based oxygen sensors operating in a nondestructive way. In model solution, the oxygen consumption rate of yeast lees was shown to depend on their amount, yeast strain, sulfur dioxide and temperature. It is slightly lower in red than in white wines. It is strongly decreased by current levels of free sulfur dioxide, thus excluding the complementary use of both as antioxidants in wine. However, in 25 randomly sampled white wines produced under commercial conditions, the rate and extent of oxygen consumption during the first six months of postfermentation had no significant correlation with any of these interacting factors, making it difficult to predict the actual antioxidant effect of yeast lees. In these wines, yeast lees consumed 0 to 47% of the dissolved oxygen. Although total oxygen consumption capacity of yeast lees is not a limiting factor under commercial winemaking conditions, their oxygen consumption proceeds at a limited rate that reduces but cannot totally prevent concomitant chemical oxidation of the wine. PMID:28115896

Oxygen Consumption by Postfermentation Wine Yeast Lees: Factors Affecting Its Rate and Extent under Oenological Conditions.

PubMed

Schneider, Volker; Müller, Jonas; Schmidt, Dominik

2016-12-01

Postfermentation wine yeast lees show antioxidant properties based on their ability to consume dissolved oxygen. The oxygen consumption capacity of suspended yeast lees obtained after fermentations with six commercial active dry yeast strains was investigated in model, white and red wines using fluorescence-based oxygen sensors operating in a nondestructive way. In model solution, the oxygen consumption rate of yeast lees was shown to depend on their amount, yeast strain, sulfur dioxide and temperature. It is slightly lower in red than in white wines. It is strongly decreased by current levels of free sulfur dioxide, thus excluding the complementary use of both as antioxidants in wine. However, in 25 randomly sampled white wines produced under commercial conditions, the rate and extent of oxygen consumption during the first six months of postfermentation had no significant correlation with any of these interacting factors, making it difficult to predict the actual antioxidant effect of yeast lees. In these wines, yeast lees consumed 0 to 47% of the dissolved oxygen. Although total oxygen consumption capacity of yeast lees is not a limiting factor under commercial winemaking conditions, their oxygen consumption proceeds at a limited rate that reduces but cannot totally prevent concomitant chemical oxidation of the wine.

[Birth and succession of a current of learning in Korean medicine: the supporting yang current of learning].

PubMed

Oh, Chaekun

2014-04-01

In this study, I aim to reveal how Lee Gyoojoons medicine has given birth to a current of learning, the supporting yang current of learning, and describe its historical significance. Before anything, I'd like to throw the question of whether if there were any currents within the traditional Korean medicine. There are no records of medical currents being widely discussed until now in medical history of Korea; however, the current of Lee Jema's sasang medicine is the most noticeable one. Among the contemporaries of Lee Jema, during the late Chosun, there was also another famed medical practitioner called Lee Gyoojoon. Lee Gyoojoon mainly practiced his medicine within Pohang, Gyeongsangbuk-do area, his apprentices have formed a group and have succeeded his medical practice. Based on the analyses of Lee Gyoojoon's apprentices and the Somun Oriental Medical Society, which is known as a successor group to Lee Gyoojoon's medicine today, they are fully satisfying the five requirements to establish a medical current: first, they held Lee Gyoojoon as the first and foremost, representative practitioner of their current; second, they advocate the supporting yang theory suggested by Lee Gyoojoon, which is originated from his theory of Mind; third, books such as the Major Essentials of Huangdi's Internal Classic Plain Questions, and the Double Grinded Medical Mirror, were being used as the main textbooks to educate their students or to practice medicine. Fourth, Lee Gyoojoon's medical ideas were being transcended quite clearly within his group of apprentices, including Seo Byungoh, Lee Wonse, and the Somun Oriental Medical Society. Fifth, Lee Gyoojoon's apprentices were first produced through the Sukgok School, however, nowadays they are being produced through medical groups formed by Lee Wonse, the Somun Oriental Medical Society, regarding the propagation of medical theories, compilation of textbooks, publication of academic journals, etc. Then, what do the existence of the supporting yang current have their significances in history? First of all, Heo Joon, the great medical practitioner in 16th century Chosun, have revealed through his book the Treasured Mirror of Eastern Medicine (TMEM), that the essence of Eastern medicine differentiated from South and North medicine of China is being transcended in Korean medicine. However, we have not got a clear conclusion on what his views of the essence of Eastern medicine is. The TMEM is the legacy of Neo-confucianism, dominant in the Chosun at the time, and is considered the reference which covers from Taoism to Korean Medicine, that is practical as well as systematical in categorizing illnesses, their respective prescriptions, and herbs. Maybe, it seems that such characteristics of the TMEM naturally led the medical practitioners and Confucian scholars, Lee Jema and Lee Gyoojoon to adopt its principles, and furthermore, possibly contributed in materializing the tradition of Eastern Medicine. Secondly, both currents appeared in the late period of Chosun dynasty. Then, weren't there any preceding medical currents before them? The bureaucratic and centralized government of the Chosun dynasty demanded and supplied talents through a nationwide examination system. However, since the late-16th century, a few family from the Chungin class have come to dominate the important medical positions as inheritance doctors , bringing about the expansion of the private medical sector, as well as growth in the number of medical practitioners. This naturally brought about fierce competition among the practitioners, and it is probable that the competition sparked the need for standardized groups and societies that follow a single medical doctrine or theory, to differentiate from the others. Probably, the birth of current of learning, which succeeded to Lee Jema and Lee Gyoojoon's medical theory, exists as an extension of this social background. The major changes in systems to build a new Chosun in 1894 brought about the abolitions of old and antique institutions. Inheritance doctors naturally collapsed, and every medical practitioners had to compete in an open market. However, Lee Jema and Lee Gyoojoon, as a medical practitioner and Confucian scholar, weren't from medical families; instead, they have successfully established and led their medical groups. The Sasang medicine current, which first began in the Hamhung area, had creative medical theories and excellent practices, naturally led the discourses traditional medicine in the center areas of the Korean peninsula. In contrast, the supporting yang current, more popular in the Youngnam area at one time, struggled to keep their current during the period of Korean War, National Industrialization and Modernization. And it was only Lee Wonse's personal dedication to the current that made it survive through the times. It was not until the late 1990s, when the apprentices have gathered Lee Gyoojoon's accomplishments, that formed the Somun Oriental Medical Society as well as the supporting yang current. In summary, the birth and the succession of the supporting yang current clearly depicts how the various traditional medical groups and societies on the periphery have survived and transcended through difficult times. And at the same time, they can provide chance to ruminate the historical flow of traditional medicine in Korea.

Polyphenols from Wine Lees as a Novel Functional Bioactive Compound in the Protection Against Oxidative Stress and Hyperlipidaemia

PubMed Central

Landeka, Irena; Jurčević; Dora, Mirna; Guberović, Iva; Petras, Marija; Rimac, Suzana; Brnčić

2017-01-01

Summary The study examines the potential of wine industry by-product, the lees, as a rich mixture of natural polyphenols, and its physiological potential to reduce postprandial metabolic and oxidative stress caused by a cholesterol-rich diet in in vivo model. Chemical analysis of wine lees showed that their total solid content was 94.2%. Wine lees contained total phenols, total nonflavonoids and total flavonoids expressed in mg of gallic acid equivalents per 100 g of dry mass: 2316.6±37.9, 1332.5±51.1 and 984.1±28.2, respectively. The content of total anthocyanins expressed in mg of cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalents per 100 g of dry mass was 383.1±21.6. Antioxidant capacity of wine lees determined by the DPPH and FRAP methods and expressed in mM of Trolox equivalents per 100 g was 259.8±1.8 and 45.7±1.05, respectively. The experiment lasted 60 days using C57BL/6 mice divided in four groups: group 1 was fed normal diet and used as control, group 2 was fed normal diet with added wine lees, group 3 was fed high-cholesterol diet (HCD), i.e. normal diet with the addition of sunflower oil, and group 4 was fed HCD with wine lees. HCD increased serum total cholesterol (TC) by 2.3-fold, triacylglycerol (TAG) by 1.5-fold, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) by 3.5-fold and liver malondialdehyde (MDA) by 50%, and reduced liver superoxide dismutase (SOD) by 50%, catalase (CAT) by 30% and glutathione (GSH) by 17.5% compared to control. Conversely, treatment with HCD and wine lees reduced TC and LDL up to 1.4 times more than with HCD only, with depletion of lipid peroxidation (MDA) and restoration of SOD and CAT activities in liver, approximating values of the control. HDL levels were unaffected in any group. Serum transaminase activity showed no hepatotoxic properties in the treatment with lees alone. In the proposed model, wine lees as a rich polyphenol source could be a basis for functional food products without alcohol. PMID:28559739

2. OVERVIEW OF TRIPLEX COTTAGE IN POOLE POWERHOUSE SETTING. TRIPLEX ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

2. OVERVIEW OF TRIPLEX COTTAGE IN POOLE POWERHOUSE SETTING. TRIPLEX COTTAGE IS VISIBLE AT PHOTO CENTER LEFT. POOLE POWERHOUSE IS ADJACENT TRIPLEX COTTAGE AT PHOTO CENTER RIGHT. SWITCHRACKS ARE VISIBLE ADJACENT TO POWERHOUSE BUILDING. VIEW TO SOUTH. - Lee Vining Creek Hydroelectric System, Triplex Cottage, Lee Vining Creek, Lee Vining, Mono County, CA

Southern Clerics and the Passing of Lee: Mythic Rhetoric and the Construction of a Sacred Symbol.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fulmer, Hal W.

1990-01-01

Examines the symbolic content of eulogies delivered by Southern clergymen following the 1870 death of Confederate General Robert E. Lee. Explores the clergy's discussions of Lee's immortality and the redemptive power of audience unity which were foundations for later mythic discourse on the general's life. (SG)

75 FR 74711 - Duke Energy Lee II, LLC; Supplemental Notice That Initial Market-Based Rate Filing Includes...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-01

... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission [Docket No. ER11-2069-000] Duke Energy Lee II, LLC; Supplemental Notice That Initial Market- Based Rate Filing Includes Request for Blanket... proceeding, of Duke Energy Lee II, LLC's application for market-based rate authority, with an accompanying...

40 CFR 81.334 - North Carolina.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Lee County X Lenoir County X Lincoln County X McDowell County X Macon County X Madison County X Martin... Lee County X Lenoir County X Lincoln County X McDowell County X Macon County X Madison County X Martin... Hertford County Hoke County Hyde County Iredell County Jackson County Johnston County Jones County Lee...

75 FR 29657 - Establishment of Class E Airspace; Marianna, AR

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-27

...) at Marianna/Lee County Airport--Steve Edwards Field, Marianna, AR. The FAA is taking this action to... controlled airspace at Marianna/Lee County Airport--Steve Edwards Field (75 FR 12161) Docket No. FAA-2009... from 700 feet above the surface to accommodate SIAPs at Marianna/Lee County Airport-- Steve Edwards...

77 FR 3324 - Release of Airport Property: Page Field, Fort Myers, FL

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-23

... subject airport and the Federal Aviation Administration. The release of property will allow the Lee County.... The property is located in the southwest corner of airport property, north of South Road, in Lee... released of its federal obligations to sell the property at Fair Market Value to Lee County for municipal...

40 CFR 81.334 - North Carolina.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Lee County X Lenoir County X Lincoln County X McDowell County X Macon County X Madison County X Martin... Lee County X Lenoir County X Lincoln County X McDowell County X Macon County X Madison County X Martin... Hertford County Hoke County Hyde County Iredell County Jackson County Johnston County Jones County Lee...

76 FR 59168 - Amended Certification Regarding Eligibility To Apply for Worker Adjustment Assistance

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-23

..., Sara Lee Corporation, Including On-Site Leased Workers From EDS, Hewitt Packard, Sapphire Technology..., IL; TA-W-71,499A, Sara Lee Corporation, Master Data, Cash Applications, Deductions, Collections, Call... Group, TraSys, VIP Staffing, and Workforce Temps, Earth City, MO; TA-W-71,499B, Sara Lee Corporation...

30. SECOND FLOOR EAST SIDE APARTMENT WEST BEDROOM INTERIOR SHOWING ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

30. SECOND FLOOR EAST SIDE APARTMENT WEST BEDROOM INTERIOR SHOWING PAIRED 6-LIGHT OVER 6-LIGHT DOUBLE-HUNG, WOOD-FRAME WINDOWS THROUGH NORTH WALL. ORIGINAL LOUVERED DOORS FRAME CLOSET AT PHOTO LEFT. VIEW TO NORTH. - Lee Vining Creek Hydroelectric System, Triplex Cottage, Lee Vining Creek, Lee Vining, Mono County, CA

9. EXTERIOR OF ENCLOSED PORTION OF SECOND FLOOR WEST SIDE ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

9. EXTERIOR OF ENCLOSED PORTION OF SECOND FLOOR WEST SIDE APARTMENT ENTRYWAY SHOWING STAIR LANDING AND OPEN FRONT DOOR FLANKED BY PAIRED 4-LIGHT OVER 4-LIGHT DOUBLE-HUNG, WOOD-FRAME WINDOWS. VIEW TO NORTHEAST. - Lee Vining Creek Hydroelectric System, Triplex Cottage, Lee Vining Creek, Lee Vining, Mono County, CA

20. FIRST FLOOR APARTMENT NORTH BEDROOM INTERIOR LOOKING THROUGH DOOR ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

20. FIRST FLOOR APARTMENT NORTH BEDROOM INTERIOR LOOKING THROUGH DOOR FROM LIVING ROOM. GROUP OF THREE 6-LIGHT OVER 6-LIGHT DOUBLE-HUNG, WOOD-FRAME WINDOWS AT PHOTO CENTER THROUGH NORTH (FRONT) WALL OF HOUSE. VIEW TO EAST. - Lee Vining Creek Hydroelectric System, Triplex Cottage, Lee Vining Creek, Lee Vining, Mono County, CA

Mixing, ergodicity and slow relaxation phenomena

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Costa, I. V. L.; Vainstein, M. H.; Lapas, L. C.; Batista, A. A.; Oliveira, F. A.

2006-11-01

Investigations on diffusion in systems with memory [I.V.L. Costa, R. Morgado, M.V.B.T. Lima, F.A. Oliveira, Europhys. Lett. 63 (2003) 173] have established a hierarchical connection between mixing, ergodicity, and the fluctuation-dissipation theorem (FDT). This hierarchy means that ergodicity is a necessary condition for the validity of the FDT, and mixing is a necessary condition for ergodicity. In this work, we compare those results with recent investigations using the Lee recurrence relations method [M.H. Lee, Phys. Rev. B 26 (1982) 2547; M.H. Lee, Phys. Rev. Lett. 87 (2001) 250601; M.H. Lee, J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 39 (2006) 4651]. Lee shows that ergodicity is violated in the dynamics of the electron gas [M.H. Lee, J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 39 (2006) 4651]. This reinforces both works and implies that the results of [I.V.L. Costa, R. Morgado, M.V.B.T. Lima, F.A. Oliveira, Europhys. Lett. 63 (2003) 173] are more general than the framework in which they were obtained. Some applications to slow relaxation phenomena are discussed.

Curli temper adherence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 to squamous epithelial cells from the bovine recto-anal junction in a strain-dependent manner

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Our recent studies have shown that Intimin and the Locus of Enterocyte Effacement-encoded proteins do not play a role in Escherichia coli O157 (O157) adherence to the bovine recto-anal junction squamous epithelial cells (RSE) cells. Hence, to define factors that play a contributory role, we investi...

Tests of conformal field theory at the Yang-Lee singularity

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wydro, Tomasz; McCabe, John F.

2009-12-14

This paper studies the Yang-Lee edge singularity of 2-dimensional (2D) Ising model based on a quantum spin chain and transfer matrix measurements on the cylinder. Based on finite-size scaling, the low-lying excitation spectrum is found at the Yang-Lee edge singularity. Based on transfer matrix techniques, the single structure constant is evaluated at the Yang-Lee edge singularity. The results of both types of measurements are found to be fully consistent with the predictions for the (A{sub 4}, A{sub 1}) minimal conformal field theory, which was previously identified with this critical point.

Flagellin Induces β-Defensin 2 in Human Colonic Ex vivo Infection with Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli

PubMed Central

Lewis, Steven B.; Prior, Alison; Ellis, Samuel J.; Cook, Vivienne; Chan, Simon S. M.; Gelson, William; Schüller, Stephanie

2016-01-01

Enterohemorrhagic E.coli (EHEC) is an important foodborne pathogen in the developed world and can cause life-threatening disease particularly in children. EHEC persists in the human gut by adhering intimately to colonic epithelium and forming characteristic attaching/effacing lesions. In this study, we investigated the innate immune response to EHEC infection with particular focus on antimicrobial peptide and protein expression by colonic epithelium. Using a novel human colonic biopsy model and polarized T84 colon carcinoma cells, we found that EHEC infection induced expression of human β-defensin 2 (hBD2), whereas hBD1, hBD3, LL-37, and lysozyme remained unchanged. Infection with specific EHEC deletion mutants demonstrated that this was dependent on flagellin, and apical exposure to purified flagellin was sufficient to stimulate hBD2 and also interleukin (IL)-8 expression ex vivo and in vitro. Flagellin-mediated hBD2 induction was significantly reduced by inhibitors of NF-κB, MAP kinase p38 and JNK but not ERK1/2. Interestingly, IL-8 secretion by polarized T84 cells was vectorial depending on the side of stimulation, and apical exposure to EHEC or flagellin resulted in apical IL-8 release. Our results demonstrate that EHEC only induces a modest immune response in human colonic epithelium characterized by flagellin-dependent induction of hBD2 and low levels of IL-8. PMID:27446815

Pre-treatment with Bifidobacterium breve UCC2003 modulates Citrobacter rodentium-induced colonic inflammation and organ specificity.

PubMed

Collins, James W; Akin, Ali R; Kosta, Artemis; Zhang, Ning; Tangney, Mark; Francis, Kevin P; Frankel, Gad

2012-11-01

Citrobacter rodentium, which colonizes the gut mucosa via formation of attaching and effacing (A/E) lesions, causes transmissible colonic hyperplasia. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether prophylactic treatment with Bifidobacterium breve UCC2003 can improve the outcome of C. rodentium infection. Six-week-old albino C57BL/6 mice were pre-treated for 3 days with B. breve, challenged with bioluminescent C. rodentium and administered B. breve or PBS-C for 8 days post-infection; control mice were either administered B. breve and mock-infected with PBS, or mock-treated with PBS-C and mock-infected with PBS. C. rodentium colonization was monitored by bacterial enumeration from faeces and by a combination of both 2D bioluminescence imaging (BLI) and composite 3D diffuse light imaging tomography with µCT imaging (DLIT-µCT). At day 8 post-infection, colons were removed and assessed for crypt hyperplasia, histology by light microscopy, bacterial colonization by immunofluorescence, and A/E lesion formation by electron microscopy. Prophylactic administration of B. breve did not prevent C. rodentium colonization or A/E lesion formation. However, this treatment did alter C. rodentium distribution within the large intestine and significantly reduced colonic crypt hyperplasia at the peak of bacterial infection. These results show that B. breve could not competitively exclude C. rodentium, but reduced pathogen-induced colonic inflammation.

Impact of Infection Dose and Previous Serum Antibodies against the Locus of Enterocyte Effacement Proteins on Escherichia coli O157:H7 Shedding in Calves following Experimental Infection.

PubMed

Martorelli, L; Hovde, C J; Vilte, D A; Albanese, A; Zotta, E; Ibarra, C; Cantet, R J C; Mercado, E C; Cataldi, A

2015-01-01

Escherichia coli O157:H7 is the main causative agent of haemolytic uremic syndrome. Cattle are the main reservoir of these bacteria, and have been shown to develop immune response to colonization. Our aim was to investigate the faecal shedding pattern of E. coli O157:H7 in calves challenged intragastrically with either 10(8) or 10(10) CFU, as well as the ability of specific preexisting antibodies to reduce shedding of the pathogen. Shedding was analysed by direct counting as well as enrichment of rectoanal mucosal swabs. Statistical analysis was performed using a linear model for repeated measures with and without the inclusion of preexisting antibodies against the carboxy-terminal fraction of intimin-γ (γ-intimin C280) as a covariable. Results suggest that there is a statistical difference in the area under the shedding curves between both doses for 14 as well as 28 days after challenge (p = 0.0069 and 0.0209, resp.). This difference is increased when the prechallenge antibodies are taken into account (p = 0.0056 and 0.0185). We concluded that the bacterial dose influences shedding on calves experimentally challenged and that preexisting antibodies against E. coli O157:H7 γ-intimin C280 could partially reduce faecal excretion.

Marion McGregor Lee Loy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rossi, Joe

2007-01-01

This article presents an interview with Marion Frances Kaleleonalani McGregor Lee Loy who served as a teacher in the Hawai'i Department of Education from 1935 to 1974. Marion McGregor Lee Loy was born in 1911 in Honolulu. She attended Central Grammar and Lincoln Grammar schools before entering Kamehameha School for Girls in the ninth grade. Lee…

Working Connections: Suzan Lee--UBS Securities LLC, New York

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Library Journal, 2004

2004-01-01

This article is about Suzan Lee of UBS Securities LLC in New York, a person who is dedicated to connecting aspiring professionals to opportunities in the world of special libraries. In 1999, Lee realized that most library students had only one resource for internships--their library schools--and that these offerings focused largely on public and…

50 CFR 226.218 - Critical habitat for the U.S. DPS of smalltooth sawfish (Pristis pectinata).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... portions of Charlotte, Lee, Collier, Monroe, and Miami-Dade Counties. (1) Charlotte Harbor Estuary Unit. The Charlotte Harbor Estuary Unit is located within Charlotte and Lee Counties. The unit includes... Preserve, which is bounded on the south by the Lee/Collier County line. Inland waters are bounded by SR-867...

50 CFR 226.218 - Critical habitat for the U.S. DPS of smalltooth sawfish (Pristis pectinata).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... portions of Charlotte, Lee, Collier, Monroe, and Miami-Dade Counties. (1) Charlotte Harbor Estuary Unit. The Charlotte Harbor Estuary Unit is located within Charlotte and Lee Counties. The unit includes... Preserve, which is bounded on the south by the Lee/Collier County line. Inland waters are bounded by SR-867...

"Identity in Flux": Exploring the Work of Nikki S. Lee

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Allison, Amanda

2009-01-01

Identity is a vital topic for discussion, exploration, and discovery in the art classroom. The artwork of Nikki S. Lee provides an opportunity for students to begin reformulating their notions about selfhood. The work of Nikki S. Lee is significant because it blends documentary, fashion, and staged and unstaged photography to allow viewers to…

75 FR 27576 - J.N. “Ding” Darling National Wildlife Refuge, Lee County, FL

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-17

... DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fish and Wildlife Service [FWS-R4-R-2010-N052; 40136-1265-0000-S3] J.N. ``Ding'' Darling National Wildlife Refuge, Lee County, FL AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, Interior... variety of species in a highly developed landscape. The city of Sanibel, Lee County, Sanibel-Captiva...

Strategies for Science Student Achievement & Productive School Management

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Johnson, William L.

2010-01-01

There is an increasing literature pertaining to student achievement and school productivity. This session will present school and classroom strategies used in high school science classes at Robert E. Lee High School (5A) in Tyler, Texas. This year, 84% of the students at Lee passed the science TAKS test. Lee is also ranked in the top 1500 high…

The Ubiquitous Laplacian Assumption: Reply to Lee and Wagenmakers (2005)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Trafimow, David

2005-01-01

In their comment on D. Trafimow, M. D. Lee and E. Wagenmakers argued that the requisite probabilities to use in Bayes's theorem can always be found. In the present reply, the author asserts that M. D. Lee and E. Wagenmakers use a problematic assumption and that finding the requisite probabilities is not straightforward. After describing the…

31. SECOND FLOOR WEST SIDE APARTMENT LIVING ROOM INTERIOR SHOWING ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

31. SECOND FLOOR WEST SIDE APARTMENT LIVING ROOM INTERIOR SHOWING PAIRED 4-LIGHT OVER 4-LIGHT DOUBLE-HUNG, WOOD-FRAME WINDOWS FLANKING ENTRY DOOR WITH UNUSUAL 8-LIGHT WINDOW. OPEN DOORWAY TO PHOTO LEFT LEADS TO KITCHEN. VIEW TO WEST. - Lee Vining Creek Hydroelectric System, Triplex Cottage, Lee Vining Creek, Lee Vining, Mono County, CA

One-loop renormalization of Lee-Wick gauge theory

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Grinstein, Benjamin; O'Connell, Donal

2008-11-15

We examine the renormalization of Lee-Wick gauge theory to one-loop order. We show that only knowledge of the wave function renormalization is necessary to determine the running couplings, anomalous dimensions, and vector boson masses. In particular, the logarithmic running of the Lee-Wick vector boson mass is exactly related to the running of the coupling. In the case of an asymptotically free theory, the vector boson mass runs to infinity in the ultraviolet. Thus, the UV fixed point of the pure gauge theory is an ordinary quantum field theory. We find that the coupling runs more quickly in Lee-Wick gauge theorymore » than in ordinary gauge theory, so the Lee-Wick standard model does not naturally unify at any scale. Finally, we present results on the beta function of more general theories containing dimension six operators which differ from previous results in the literature.« less

Computational Analysis of Host-Pathogen Protein Interactions between Humans and Different Strains of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli.

PubMed

Bose, Tungadri; Venkatesh, K V; Mande, Sharmila S

2017-01-01

Serotype O157:H7, an enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), is known to cause gastrointestinal and systemic illnesses ranging from diarrhea and hemorrhagic colitis to potentially fatal hemolytic uremic syndrome. Specific genetic factors like ompA, nsrR , and LEE genes are known to play roles in EHEC pathogenesis. However, these factors are not specific to EHEC and their presence in several non-pathogenic strains indicates that additional factors are involved in pathogenicity. We propose a comprehensive effort to screen for such potential genetic elements, through investigation of biomolecular interactions between E. coli and their host. In this work, an in silico investigation of the protein-protein interactions (PPIs) between human cells and four EHEC strains (viz., EDL933, Sakai, EC4115, and TW14359) was performed in order to understand the virulence and host-colonization strategies of these strains. Potential host-pathogen interactions (HPIs) between human cells and the "non-pathogenic" E. coli strain MG1655 were also probed to evaluate whether and how the variations in the genomes could translate into altered virulence and host-colonization capabilities of the studied bacterial strains. Results indicate that a small subset of HPIs are unique to the studied pathogens and can be implicated in virulence. This subset of interactions involved E. coli proteins like YhdW, ChuT, EivG, and HlyA. These proteins have previously been reported to be involved in bacterial virulence. In addition, clear differences in lineage and clade-specific HPI profiles could be identified. Furthermore, available gene expression profiles of the HPI-proteins were utilized to estimate the proportion of proteins which may be involved in interactions. We hypothesized that a cumulative score of the ratios of bound:unbound proteins (involved in HPIs) would indicate the extent of colonization. Thus, we designed the Host Colonization Index (HCI) measure to determine the host colonization potential of the E. coli strains. Pathogenic strains of E. coli were observed to have higher HCIs as compared to a non-pathogenic laboratory strain. However, no significant differences among the HCIs of the two pathogenic groups were observed. Overall, our findings are expected to provide additional insights into EHEC pathogenesis and are likely to aid in designing alternate preventive and therapeutic strategies.

Natural evolution, disease, and localization in the immune system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Deem, Michael

2004-03-01

Adaptive vertebrate immune system is a wonder of modern evolution. Under most circumstances, the dynamics of the immune system is well-matched to the dynamics of pathogen growth during a typical infection. Some pathogens, however, have evolved escape mechanisms that interact in subtle ways with the immune system dynamics. In addition, negative interactions the immune system, which has evolved over 400 000 000 years, and vaccination,which has been practiced for only 200 years, are possible. For example,vaccination against the flu can actually increase susceptibility to the flu in the next year. As another example, vaccination against one of the four strains of dengue fever typically increases susceptibility against the other three strains. Immunodominance also arises in the immune system control of nascent tumors--the immune system recognizes only a small subset of the tumor specific antigens, and the rest are free to grow and cause tumor growth. In this talk, I present a physical theory of original antigenic sin and immunodominance. How localization in the immune system leads to the observed phenomena is discussed. 1) M. W. Deem and H. Y. Lee, ``Sequence Space Localization in the Immune System Response to Vaccination and Disease,'' Phys. Rev. Lett. 91 (2003) 068101

25. SECOND FLOOR EAST SIDE APARTMENT KITCHEN INTERIOR SHOWING GROUP ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

25. SECOND FLOOR EAST SIDE APARTMENT KITCHEN INTERIOR SHOWING GROUP OF THREE 6-LIGHT WOOD-FRAME CASEMENT WINDOWS OVER THE SINK, AND OPEN DOORWAY TO TOP OF EXTERIOR STAIR LANDING AND WALKWAY AT REAR OF HOUSE. WALKWAY IS VISIBLE THROUGH KITCHEN WINDOWS. VIEW TO SOUTH. - Lee Vining Creek Hydroelectric System, Triplex Cottage, Lee Vining Creek, Lee Vining, Mono County, CA

The Earl Lee Street Art Campaign

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bubba

2013-01-01

This article describes a catchy phrase with more to its meaning than first view. A slogan "All the girls love Earl Lee," appears in street art around the world. Earl Lee is a lovable, handsome man who owns the fictitious Earl Lube industries. Originally intended to bring a smile to people's faces at a time when there wasn't much to smile…

77 FR 46105 - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Receipt of Application for Incidental Take Permit...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-02

...; Availability of Proposed Low- Effect Habitat Conservation Plan and Associated Documents; Lee County, FL AGENCY... about 75 acres of Florida scrub-jay habitat in Lee County, Florida, for the construction of a 215-acre... Lee County, Florida. The Service listed the scrub-jay as threatened on June 3, 1987 (52 FR 20715). The...

[Lee Jungsook, a Korean independence activist and a nurse during the Japanese colonial period].

PubMed

Kim, Sook Young

2015-04-01

This article examines the life of Lee Jungsook, a Korean nurse, as a independence activist during the Japanese colonial period. Lee Jungsook(1896-1950) was born in Bukchung in Hamnam province. She studied at Chungshin girl's high school and worked at Severance hospital. The characteristics and culture of her educational background and work place were very important factors which influenced greatly the life of Lee Jungsook. She learned independent spirit and nationalism from Chungshin girls' high school and worked as nurse at the Severance hospital which were full of intense aspiration for Korea's independence. Many of doctors, professors and medical students were participated in the 3.1 Independence Movement. Lee Jungsook was a founding member of Hyulsungdan who tried to help the independence activists in prison and their families and worked as a main member of Korean Women's Association for Korean Independece and Kyungsung branch of the Korean Red Cross. She was sent to jail by the Japanese government for her independence activism. After being released after serving two years confinement, she worked for the Union for Women's Liberation as a founding member. Lee Joungsook was a great independence activist who had a nursing care spirit as a nurse.

Lee-Yang zero analysis for the study of QCD phase structure

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ejiri, Shinji

2006-03-01

We comment on the Lee-Yang zero analysis for the study of the phase structure of QCD at high temperature and baryon number density by Monte-Carlo simulations. We find that the sign problem for nonzero density QCD induces a serious problem in the finite volume scaling analysis of the Lee-Yang zeros for the investigation of the order of the phase transition. If the sign problem occurs at large volume, the Lee-Yang zeros will always approach the real axis of the complex parameter plane in the thermodynamic limit. This implies that a scaling behavior which would suggest a crossover transition will notmore » be obtained. To clarify this problem, we discuss the Lee-Yang zero analysis for SU(3) pure gauge theory as a simple example without the sign problem, and then consider the case of nonzero density QCD. It is suggested that the distribution of the Lee-Yang zeros in the complex parameter space obtained by each simulation could be more important information for the investigation of the critical endpoint in the (T,{mu}{sub q}) plane than the finite volume scaling behavior.« less

Promoting Transformational Leadership Through Air Force Culture

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-03-01

this, leaders tailor their behavior toward their fellow Airmen’s need for motivation, achievement, and sense of belonging, recognition, self - esteem ...first, service before self and excellence in all we do – while pursuing adaptive and innovative solutions for our nation’s security. —Air Force...extraverted leaders one would expect. In fact, Collins found most of the leaders to be, “ self -effacing, quiet, reserved, even shy – these are a

Podocyte-associated talin1 is critical for glomerular filtration barrier maintenance

PubMed Central

Tian, Xuefei; Kim, Jin Ju; Monkley, Susan M.; Gotoh, Nanami; Nandez, Ramiro; Soda, Keita; Inoue, Kazunori; Balkin, Daniel M.; Hassan, Hossam; Son, Sung Hyun; Lee, Yashang; Moeckel, Gilbert; Calderwood, David A.; Holzman, Lawrence B.; Critchley, David R.; Zent, Roy; Reiser, Jochen; Ishibe, Shuta

2014-01-01

Podocytes are specialized actin-rich epithelial cells that line the kidney glomerular filtration barrier. The interface between the podocyte and the glomerular basement membrane requires integrins, and defects in either α3 or β1 integrin, or the α3β1 ligand laminin result in nephrotic syndrome in murine models. The large cytoskeletal protein talin1 is not only pivotal for integrin activation, but also directly links integrins to the actin cytoskeleton. Here, we found that mice lacking talin1 specifically in podocytes display severe proteinuria, foot process effacement, and kidney failure. Loss of talin1 in podocytes caused only a modest reduction in β1 integrin activation, podocyte cell adhesion, and cell spreading; however, the actin cytoskeleton of podocytes was profoundly altered by the loss of talin1. Evaluation of murine models of glomerular injury and patients with nephrotic syndrome revealed that calpain-induced talin1 cleavage in podocytes might promote pathogenesis of nephrotic syndrome. Furthermore, pharmacologic inhibition of calpain activity following glomerular injury substantially reduced talin1 cleavage, albuminuria, and foot process effacement. Collectively, these findings indicate that podocyte talin1 is critical for maintaining the integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier and provide insight into the pathogenesis of nephrotic syndrome. PMID:24531545

On the foundations of general relativistic celestial mechanics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Battista, Emmanuele; Esposito, Giampiero; Dell'Agnello, Simone

2017-09-01

Towards the end of nineteenth century, Celestial Mechanics provided the most powerful tools to test Newtonian gravity in the solar system and also led to the discovery of chaos in modern science. Nowadays, in light of general relativity, Celestial Mechanics leads to a new perspective on the motion of satellites and planets. The reader is here introduced to the modern formulation of the problem of motion, following what the leaders in the field have been teaching since the nineties, in particular, the use of a global chart for the overall dynamics of N bodies and N local charts describing the internal dynamics of each body. The next logical step studies in detail how to split the N-body problem into two sub-problems concerning the internal and external dynamics, how to achieve the effacement properties that would allow a decoupling of the two sub-problems, how to define external-potential-effacing coordinates and how to generalize the Newtonian multipole and tidal moments. The review paper ends with an assessment of the nonlocal equations of motion obtained within such a framework, a description of the modifications induced by general relativity on the theoretical analysis of the Newtonian three-body problem, and a mention of the potentialities of the analysis of solar-system metric data carried out with the Planetary Ephemeris Program.

Dosage-dependent role of Rac1 in podocyte injury.

PubMed

Wan, Xiaoyang; Lee, Mi-Sun; Zhou, Weibin

2016-04-15

Activation of small GTPase Rac1 in podocytes is associated with rodent models of kidney injury and familial nephrotic syndrome. Induced Rac1 activation in podocytes in transgenic mice results in rapid transient proteinuria and foot process effacement, but not glomerular sclerosis. Thus it remains an open question whether abnormal activation of Rac1 in podocytes is sufficient to cause permanent podocyte damage. Using a number of transgenic zebrafish models, we showed that moderate elevation of Rac1 activity in podocytes did not impair the glomerular filtration barrier but aggravated metronidazole-induced podocyte injury, while inhibition of Rac1 activity ameliorated metronidazole-induced podocyte injury. Furthermore, a further increase in Rac1 activity in podocytes was sufficient to cause proteinuria and foot process effacement, which resulted in edema and lethality in juvenile zebrafish. We also found that activation of Rac1 in podocytes significantly downregulated the expression of nephrin and podocin , suggesting an adverse effect of Rac1 on slit diaphragm protein expression. Taken together, our data have demonstrated a causal link between excessive Rac1 activity and podocyte injury in a dosage-dependent manner, and transgenic zebrafish of variable Rac1 activities in podocytes may serve as useful animal models for the study of Rac1-related podocytopathy. Copyright © 2016 the American Physiological Society.

FERMT2 links cortical actin structures, plasma membrane tension and focal adhesion function to stabilize podocyte morphology.

PubMed

Yasuda-Yamahara, M; Rogg, M; Frimmel, J; Trachte, P; Helmstaedter, M; Schroder, P; Schiffer, M; Schell, C; Huber, T B

2018-01-11

Simplification and retraction of podocyte protrusions, generally termed as foot process effacement, is a uniform pathological pattern observed in the majority of glomerular disease, including focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. However, it is still incompletely understood how the interaction of cortical actin structures, actomyosin contractility and focal adhesions, is being orchestrated to control foot process morphology in health and disease. By uncovering the functional role of fermitin family member 2 (FERMT2 or kindlin-2) in podocytes, we provide now evidence, how cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions modulate membrane tension and actomyosin contractility. A genetic modeling approach was applied by deleting FERMT2 in a set of in vivo systems as well as in CRISPR/Cas9 modified human podocytes. Loss of FERMT2 results in altered cortical actin composition, cell cortex destabilization associated with plasma membrane blebbing and a remodeling of focal adhesions. We further show that FERMT2 knockout podocytes have high levels of RhoA activation and concomitantly increased actomyosin contractility. Inhibition of actomyosin tension reverses the membrane blebbing phenotype. Thus, our findings establish a direct link between cell-matrix adhesions, cortical actin structures and plasma membrane tension allowing to better explain cell morphological changes in foot process effacement. Copyright © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Permeability, ultrastructural changes, and distribution of novel proteins in the glomerular barrier in early puromycin aminonucleoside nephrosis.

PubMed

Dunér, Fredrik; Lindström, Karin; Hultenby, Kjell; Hulkko, Jenny; Patrakka, Jaakko; Tryggvason, Karl; Haraldsson, Börje; Wernerson, Annika; Pettersson, Erna

2010-01-01

It is still unclear what happens in the glomerulus when proteinuria starts. Using puromycin aminonucleoside nephrosis (PAN) rats, we studied early ultrastructural and permeability changes in relation to the expression of the podocyte-associated molecules nephrin, α-actinin, dendrin, and plekhh2, the last two of which were only recently discovered in podocytes. Using immune stainings, semiquantitative measurement was performed under the electron microscope. Permeability was assessed using isolated kidney perfusion with tracers. Possible effects of ACE inhibition were tested. By day 2, some patchy foot process effacement, but no proteinuria, appeared. The amount of nephrin was reduced in both diseased and normal areas. The other proteins showed few changes, which were limited to diseased areas. By day 4, foot process effacement was complete and proteinuria appeared in parallel with signs of size barrier damage. Nephrin decreased further, while dendrin and plekhh2 also decreased but α-actinin remained unchanged. ACE inhibition had no significant protective effect. PAN glomeruli already showed significant pathology by day 4, despite relatively mild proteinuria. This was preceded by altered nephrin expression, supporting its pivotal role in podocyte morphology. The novel proteins dendrin and plekhh2 were both reduced, suggesting roles in PAN, whereas α-actinin was unchanged. Copyright © 2010 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Progression of an orbital T-cell rich B-cell lymphoma to a B-cell lymphoma in a dog.

PubMed

Aquino, S M; Hamor, R E; Valli, V E; Kitchell, B E; Tunev, S S; Bailey, K L; Ehrhart, E J

2000-09-01

An 11-year-old Shetland Sheepdog was presented for exophthalmos caused by a locally extensive, poorly defined mass located behind the right eye. The primary orbital mass was identified by light microscopy and immunohistochemistry as a T-cell rich B-cell lymphoma (TCRBCL) composed predominantly of BLA.36-positive large neoplastic lymphoid cells admixed with fewer CD3- and CD79a-positive small lymphocytes. The dog was treated for lymphoma, but 6 months after presentation it was euthanatized for suspected hepatic and gastrointestinal metastasis. Gross findings revealed an enlarged liver with multiple well-demarcated, randomly distributed 0.1-1.5-cm white nodules, five firm white submucosal jejunal nodules, and ileocecal, mediastinal, and hilar lymphadenopathy. Metastatic liver lesions consisted of sheets of monomorphic large neoplastic lymphoid cells that effaced and expanded portal and centrilobular zones. These cells were morphologically similar to the large neoplastic cells of the original orbital tumor and were CD3-negative and variably BLA.36-positive, consistent with B-cell lineage. Similar cells comprised the jejunal nodules and effaced the lymph nodes. The progression of TCRBCL to a diffuse B-cell lymphoma in this case is consistent with reported human cases and has not been previously reported in the dog.

Advocacy -- Professional School Counselors Closing the Achievement Gap Through Empowerment: A Response to Hipolito-Delgado and Lee

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mitcham-Smith, Michelle

2007-01-01

The author comments on several aspects of an article by Hipolito-Delgado and Lee entitled "Empowerment Theory for the Professional School Counselor: A Manifesto for What Really Matters" (Professional School Counseling, v10 n4 p327-332 Apr 2007; see EJ767346). Hipolito-Delgado and Lee's article highlights a critical need for a comprehensive,…

76 FR 23642 - The “100,000 Strong” Initiative Federal Advisory Committee: Notice of the Inaugural Meeting of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-27

... wishing to attend should contact Lee Anne Shaffer of the Department of State's Bureau of East Asian and... are welcome to do so by e-mail to Lee Anne Shaffer at [email protected] . A member of the public... participate by teleconferencing can contact Lee Anne Shaffer at 202-647-7059 to receive the conference call-in...

14. FIRST FLOOR APARTMENT LIVING ROOM INTERIOR. FRONT ENTRY DOOR ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

14. FIRST FLOOR APARTMENT LIVING ROOM INTERIOR. FRONT ENTRY DOOR IS AT PHOTO CENTER FLANKED BY A PAIRED 4-LIGHT OVER 4-LIGHT DOUBLE-HUNG, WOOD-FRAME WINDOWS. OPEN DOORWAY TO PHOTO RIGHT OPENS TO NORTH BEDROOM. DOORWAY TO PHOTO LEFT OPENS TO KITCHEN. VIEW TO NORTHEAST. - Lee Vining Creek Hydroelectric System, Triplex Cottage, Lee Vining Creek, Lee Vining, Mono County, CA

Radiation bounce from the Lee-Wick construction?

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Karouby, Johanna; Brandenberger, Robert

2010-09-15

It was recently realized that matter modeled by the scalar field sector of the Lee-Wick standard model yields, in the context of a homogeneous and isotropic cosmological background, a bouncing cosmology. However, bouncing cosmologies induced by pressureless matter are in general unstable to the addition of relativistic matter (i.e. radiation). Here we study the possibility of obtaining a bouncing cosmology if we add not only radiation, but also its Lee-Wick partner, to the matter sector. We find that, in general, no bounce occurs. The only way to obtain a bounce is to choose initial conditions with very special phases ofmore » the radiation field and its Lee-Wick partner.« less

Biomolecular damage induced by ionizing radiation: the direct and indirect effects of low-energy electrons on DNA.

PubMed

Alizadeh, Elahe; Orlando, Thomas M; Sanche, Léon

2015-04-01

Many experimental and theoretical advances have recently allowed the study of direct and indirect effects of low-energy electrons (LEEs) on DNA damage. In an effort to explain how LEEs damage the human genome, researchers have focused efforts on LEE interactions with bacterial plasmids, DNA bases, sugar analogs, phosphate groups, and longer DNA moieties. Here, we summarize the current understanding of the fundamental mechanisms involved in LEE-induced damage of DNA and complex biomolecule films. Results obtained by several laboratories on films prepared and analyzed by different methods and irradiated with different electron-beam current densities and fluencies are presented. Despite varied conditions (e.g., film thicknesses and morphologies, intrinsic water content, substrate interactions, and extrinsic atmospheric compositions), comparisons show a striking resemblance in the types of damage produced and their yield functions. The potential of controlling this damage using molecular and nanoparticle targets with high LEE yields in targeted radiation-based cancer therapies is also discussed.

Low energy electrons and swift ion track structure in PADC

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Fromm, Michel; Quinto, Michele A.; Weck, Philippe F.

The current work aims at providing an accurate description of the ion track-structure in poly-allyl dyglycol carbonate (PADC) by using an up-to-date Monte-Carlo code-called TILDA-V (a French acronym for Transport d’Ions Lourds Dans l’Aqua & Vivo). In this simulation the ion track-structure in PADC is mainly described in terms of ejected electrons with a particular attention done to the Low Energy Electrons (LEEs). After a brief reminder of the most important channels through which LEEs are prone to break a chemical bond, we will report on the simulated energetic distributions of LEEs along an ion track in PADC for particularmore » incident energies located on both sides of the Bragg-peak position. Lastly, based on the rare data dealing with LEEs interaction with polymers or organic molecules, we will emphasise the role played by the LEEs in the formation of a latent track in PADC, and more particularly the one played by the sub-ionization electrons.« less

Priority and synonymy of some North American cicada genera (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Cicadinae: Cryptotympanini).

PubMed

Sanborn, Allen F; Heath, Maxine S

2017-03-15

The status of several North American cicada genera is reconsidered based on the recent erection of new genera and historical evidence. Megatibicen Sanborn & Heath, 2016 is shown to have priority over Megatibicen Lee, 2016 (which was changed by the author to Gigatibicen Lee, 2016 prior to formal publication). Ameritibicen Lee, 2016 is shown to be a junior synonym of Megatibicen Sanborn & Heath, 2016 and both Ameritibicen n. syn. and and Gigatibicen Lee, 2016 n. syn. are synonymized here to Megatibicen Sanborn & Heath. The species placed in Gigatibicen are returned to Megatibicen to become Megatibicen auletes (Germar, 1834) n. comb., Megatibicen resh (Haldeman, 1852) n. comb., and Megatibicen resonans (Walker, 1850) n. comb. while the species placed in Ameritibicen remain in Megatibicen due to the junior synonym status of Ameritibicen. The monospecific Paratibicen Lee, 2016 n. syn. is shown to be a junior synonym of Neotibicen Hill & Marshall, 2015 and its species is reassigned to Neotibicen to become Neotibicen similaris (Smith & Grossbeck, 1907) n. comb.

Low energy electrons and swift ion track structure in PADC

DOE PAGES

Fromm, Michel; Quinto, Michele A.; Weck, Philippe F.; ...

2015-05-27

The current work aims at providing an accurate description of the ion track-structure in poly-allyl dyglycol carbonate (PADC) by using an up-to-date Monte-Carlo code-called TILDA-V (a French acronym for Transport d’Ions Lourds Dans l’Aqua & Vivo). In this simulation the ion track-structure in PADC is mainly described in terms of ejected electrons with a particular attention done to the Low Energy Electrons (LEEs). After a brief reminder of the most important channels through which LEEs are prone to break a chemical bond, we will report on the simulated energetic distributions of LEEs along an ion track in PADC for particularmore » incident energies located on both sides of the Bragg-peak position. Lastly, based on the rare data dealing with LEEs interaction with polymers or organic molecules, we will emphasise the role played by the LEEs in the formation of a latent track in PADC, and more particularly the one played by the sub-ionization electrons.« less

STS-64 Official Crew Portrait

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1994-01-01

The crewmen assigned to the STS-64 mission include: Astronaut Richard N. Richards (center front), mission commander; L. Blaine Hammond Jr., (front left) pilot and Susan J. Helms (front right) mission specialist. On the back row, from left to right are: Mark C. Lee, Jerry M. Linenger and Carl J. Meade, all mission specialists. All but Lee and Meade are wearing launch and entry suits. Lee and Meade are wearing extravehicular activity units (EMU).

General Robert E. Lee (1807-70) and Philanthropist George Peabody (1795-1869) at White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia, July 23-Aug. 30, 1869.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Parker, Franklin; Parker, Betty J.

This paper discusses the chance meeting at White Sulphur Springs (West Virginia) of two important public figures, Robert E. Lee and George Peabody, whose rare encounter marked a symbolic turn from Civil War bitterness toward reconciliation and the lifting power of education. The paper presents an overview of Lee's life and professional and…

Financing College Facilities: Factors Limit Connie Lee's Ability to Help More Schools. Report to the Ranking Minority Member, Committee on Economic and Educational Opportunities, House of Representatives.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

General Accounting Office, Washington, DC. Health, Education, and Human Services Div.

A study was done of how the College Construction Loan Insurance Association (Connie Lee) carried out its mission, particularly in its service to the 102 Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCU). The study interviewed officials at Connie Lee, HBCUs and other schools, the Department of Education, and representatives of the bond insurance…

The Effect of Water Management and Land Use Practices on the Restoration of Lee Vining and Rush Creeks

Treesearch

Peter Vorster; G. Mathias Kondolf

1989-01-01

This paper describes water management and land use practices in the Rush and Lee Vining Creek watersheds and evaluates the effect they have had on the stream environment. The management practices will continue to have effects on the flow regime and consequently habitat conditions on lower Lee Vining and Rush Creeks. The implications of existing and potential management...

Comparison of Model-Simulated and Observed Currents in the Central Adriatic During DART

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-01-01

r, , -nnc1 T,, IJJ .... b. ,_ . . ., and modeling programs [ Lee et al...observations [ Lee et al., 2005; Kuzmic et al., 2006; Martin (MAG), and the South Adnatic Gyre (SAG) [Artegiam et { 2QQ6. l chavanne et at...is very small and the model mean current field suggests a shadow zone on the lee current side of Vis Island (Figure 9), whereas the observed mean

Special Issue on Global Health Disparities Focus on Cancer.

PubMed

Lee, Haeok

2016-01-01

Haeok Lee, PhD, RN, FAAN who is a Korean-American nurse scientist, received her doctor al degree from the Nursing Physiology Department, College of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), in 1993, and her post doctor al training from College of Medicine, UCSF. Dr. Lee worked at Case Western Reserve University and University of Colorado Health Sciences Center. She has worked at the UMass Boston since 2008. Dr. Lee has established a long-term commitment to minority health, especially Asian American Pacific Islanders, as a community leader, community health educator, and community researcher, and all these services have become a foundation for her community-based participatory research. Dr. Lee's research addresses current health problems framed in the context of social, political, and economic settings, and her studies have improved racial and ethnic data and developed national health policies to address health disparities in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections and liver cancer among minorities. Dr. Lee's research, which is noteworthy for its theoretical base, is clearly filling the gap. Especially, Dr. Lee's research is beginning to have a favorable impact on national and international health policies and continuing education programs directed toward the global elimination of cervical and liver cancer-related health disparities in underserved and understudied populations.

Benchmarking quantum mechanical calculations with experimental NMR chemical shifts of 2-HADNT

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Yuemin; Junk, Thomas; Liu, Yucheng; Tzeng, Nianfeng; Perkins, Richard

2015-04-01

In this study, both GIAO-DFT and GIAO-MP2 calculations of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra were benchmarked with experimental chemical shifts. The experimental chemical shifts were determined experimentally for carbon-13 (C-13) of seven carbon atoms for the TNT degradation product 2-hydroxylamino-4,6-dinitrotoluene (2-HADNT). Quantum mechanics GIAO calculations were implemented using Becke-3-Lee-Yang-Parr (B3LYP) and other six hybrid DFT methods (Becke-1-Lee-Yang-Parr (B1LYP), Becke-half-and-half-Lee-Yang-Parr (BH and HLYP), Cohen-Handy-3-Lee-Yang-Parr (O3LYP), Coulomb-attenuating-B3LYP (CAM-B3LYP), modified-Perdew-Wang-91-Lee-Yang-Parr (mPW1LYP), and Xu-3-Lee-Yang-Parr (X3LYP)) which use the same correlation functional LYP. Calculation results showed that the GIAO-MP2 method gives the most accurate chemical shift values, and O3LYP method provides the best prediction of chemical shifts among the B3LYP and other five DFT methods. Three types of atomic partial charges, Mulliken (MK), electrostatic potential (ESP), and natural bond orbital (NBO), were also calculated using MP2/aug-cc-pVDZ method. A reasonable correlation was discovered between NBO partial charges and experimental chemical shifts of carbon-13 (C-13).

Deep Learning for Discovery of Atmospheric Mountain Waves in MODIS and GPS Data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pankratius, V.; Li, J. D.; Rude, C. M.; Gowanlock, M.; Herring, T.

2017-12-01

Airflow over mountains can produce gravity waves, called lee waves, which can generate atmospheric turbulence. Since this turbulence poses dangers to aviation, it is critical to identify such regions reliably in an automated fashion. This work leverages two sources of data to go beyond an ad-hoc human visual approach for such identification: MODIS imagery containing cloud patterns formed by lee waves, and patterns in GPS signals resulting from the transmission through atmospheric turbulence due to lee waves. We demonstrate a novel machine learning approach that fuses these two data types to detect atmospheric turbulence associated with lee waves. A convolutional neural network is trained on MODIS tile images to automatically classify the lee wave cloud patterns with 96% correct classifications on a validation set of 20,000 MODIS 64x64 tiles over a test region in the Sierra Nevada Mountains. Signals from GPS stations of the Plate Boundary Observatory are used for feature extraction related to lee waves, in order to improve the confidence of a detection in the MODIS imagery at a given position. To our knowledge, this is the first technique to combine these images and time series data types to improve the spatial and temporal resolutions for large-scale measurements of lee wave formations. First results of this work show great potential for improving weather condition monitoring, hazard and cloud pattern detection, as well as GPS navigation uncertainties. We acknowledge support from NASA AISTNNX15AG84G (PI Pankratius), NASA NNX14AQ03G (PI Herring), and NSF ACI1442997 (PI Pankratius).

A Research Program in Computer Technology. 1985 Annual Technical Report

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-12-01

The essence of the problem is that the modes of communication normally used between people are considerably richer than those ,-tR W V~ 34 between...Hansford Victoria Svoboda David Hollenberg Janna Tuckett Shih-Lien Lu Jasmin Witthoft Lee Richardson Craig Rogers Barden Smith Vance Tyree 10.1 PROBLEM...Jeff Deifik Lee Magnone Victoria Svoboda Joel Goldberg Janna Tuckett Wes Hansford Jasmin Witthoft Lee Richardson Craig Rogers Barden Smith Vance

Combining Offline and Online Computation for Solving Partially Observable Markov Decision Process

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-03-06

David Hsu and Wee Sun Lee, Monte Carlo Bayesian Reinforcement Learning, International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), 2012. • Haoyu Bai, David...and Automation (ICRA), 2015. • Zhan Wei Lim, David Hsu, and Wee Sun Lee, Adaptive Informative Path Planning in Metric Spaces. Submitted to Int. J... Automation (ICRA), 2015. 2. Bai, H., Hsu, D., Kochenderfer, M. J., and Lee, W. S., Unmanned aircraft collision avoidance using continuous state POMDPs

Effect of Zinc in Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Infection▿ †

PubMed Central

Crane, John K.; Naeher, Tonniele M.; Shulgina, Irina; Zhu, Chengru; Boedeker, Edgar C.

2007-01-01

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) infection triggers the release of ATP from host intestinal cells, and the ATP is broken down to ADP, AMP, and adenosine in the lumen of the intestine. Ecto-5′-nucleotidase (CD73) is the main enzyme responsible for the conversion of 5′-AMP to adenosine, which triggers fluid secretion from host intestinal cells and also has growth-promoting effects on EPEC bacteria. In a recent study, we examined the role of the host enzyme CD73 in EPEC infection by testing the effect of ecto-5′-nucleotidase inhibitors. Zinc was a less potent inhibitor of ecto-5′-nucleotidase in vitro than the nucleotide analog α,β-methylene-ADP, but in vivo, zinc was much more efficacious in preventing EPEC-induced fluid secretion in rabbit ileal loops than α,β-methylene-ADP. This discrepancy between the in vitro and in vivo potencies of the two inhibitors prompted us to search for potential targets of zinc other than ecto-5′-nucleotidase. Zinc, at concentrations that produced little or no inhibition of EPEC growth, caused a decrease in the expression of EPEC protein virulence factors, such as bundle-forming pilus (BFP), EPEC secreted protein A, and other EPEC secreted proteins, and reduced EPEC adherence to cells in tissue culture. The effects of zinc were not mimicked by other transition metals, such as manganese, iron, copper, or nickel, and the effects were not reversed by an excess of iron. Quantitative real-time PCR showed that zinc reduced the abundance of the RNAs encoded by the bfp gene, by the plasmid-encoded regulator (per) gene, by the locus for the enterocyte effacement (LEE)-encoded regulator (ler) gene, and by several of the esp genes. In vivo, zinc reduced EPEC-induced fluid secretion into ligated rabbit ileal loops, decreased the adherence of EPEC to rabbit ileum, and reduced histopathological damage such as villus blunting. Some of the beneficial effects of zinc on EPEC infection appear to be due to the action of the metal on EPEC bacteria as well as on the host. PMID:17875638

NCCU/BBRI-Duke/Urology Partnership in Prostate Cancer Research

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-06-01

Somnath Muhopadhyay, Ph.D.; Joellen Schildkraut, Ph.D.; David Tulis , Ph.D.; Leon Sun, Ph.D.; Lee Jones, Ph.D.; Phillip 5e. TASK NUMBER Febbo, Ph.D...Community-Based Intervention Investigators: Dave Tulis Ph.D., NCCU/BBRI Collaborators: Catherine Hoyo, PhD; Lee Jones, PhD; Stephen Freeland...addition, Dr. David Tulis (NCCU PI) who was working on the exercise project with Dr. Lee Jones (Duke PI), has recently accepted a position at East Carolina

Process gg{yields}h{sub 0}{yields}{gamma}{gamma} in the Lee-Wick standard model

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Krauss, F.; Underwood, T. E. J.; Zwicky, R.

2008-01-01

The process gg{yields}h{sub 0}{yields}{gamma}{gamma} is studied in the Lee-Wick extension of the standard model (LWSM) proposed by Grinstein, O'Connell, and Wise. In this model, negative norm partners for each SM field are introduced with the aim to cancel quadratic divergences in the Higgs mass. All sectors of the model relevant to gg{yields}h{sub 0}{yields}{gamma}{gamma} are diagonalized and results are commented on from the perspective of both the Lee-Wick and higher-derivative formalisms. Deviations from the SM rate for gg{yields}h{sub 0} are found to be of the order of 15%-5% for Lee-Wick masses in the range 500-1000 GeV. Effects on the rate formore » h{sub 0}{yields}{gamma}{gamma} are smaller, of the order of 5%-1% for Lee-Wick masses in the same range. These comparatively small changes may well provide a means of distinguishing the LWSM from other models such as universal extra dimensions where same-spin partners to standard model fields also appear. Corrections to determinations of Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) elements |V{sub t(b,s,d)}| are also considered and are shown to be positive, allowing the possibility of measuring a CKM element larger than unity, a characteristic signature of the ghostlike nature of the Lee-Wick fields.« less

Simulation for light extraction efficiency of OLEDs with spheroidal microlenses in hexagonal array

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bae, Hyungchul; Kim, Jun Soo; Hong, Chinsoo

2018-05-01

A theoretical model based on ray optics is used to simulate the optical performance of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with spheroidal microlens arrays (MLAs) in a hexagonal array configuration using the Monte Carlo method. In simulations, ray tracing was performed until 20 reflections occurred from the metal cathode, with 10 consecutive reflections permitted in a single lens pattern. The parameters describing the shape and array of the lens pattern of a MLA are its radius, height, contact angle, and fill factor (FF). Many previous results on how these parameters affect light extraction efficiency (LEE) are inconsistent. In this paper, these contradictory results are discussed and explained by introducing a new parameter. To examine light extraction from an OLED through a MLA, the LEE enhancement is studied considering the effect of absorption by indium tin oxide during multiple reflections from the metal cathode. The device size where LEE enhancement is unchanged with changing lens pattern was identified for a fixed FF; under this condition, the optimal LEE enhancement, 84%, can be obtained using an OLED with a close-packed spheroidal MLA. An ideal maximum LEE enhancement of 120% was achieved with a device with an infinite-sized MLA. The angular intensity distribution of light emitted through a MLA is considered in addition to LEE enhancement for an optimized MLA.

Around Marshall

NASA Image and Video Library

1990-01-17

Marshall's sixth Center Director Thomas J. Lee (1989-1994) touring the Payload Operations Control Center (POCC). The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) saw its launch into orbit under the leadership of Dr. Lee's administration.

Effect of constitutive inactivation of the myostatin gene on the gain in muscle strength during postnatal growth in two murine models.

PubMed

Stantzou, Amalia; Ueberschlag-Pitiot, Vanessa; Thomasson, Remi; Furling, Denis; Bonnieu, Anne; Amthor, Helge; Ferry, Arnaud

2017-02-01

The effect of constitutive inactivation of the gene encoding myostatin on the gain in muscle performance during postnatal growth has not been well characterized. We analyzed 2 murine myostatin knockout (KO) models, (i) the Lee model (KO Lee ) and (ii) the Grobet model (KO Grobet ), and measured the contraction of tibialis anterior muscle in situ. Absolute maximal isometric force was increased in 6-month-old KO Lee and KO Grobet mice, as compared to wild-type mice. Similarly, absolute maximal power was increased in 6-month-old KO Lee mice. In contrast, specific maximal force (relative maximal force per unit of muscle mass was decreased in all 6-month-old male and female KO mice, except in 6-month-old female KO Grobet mice, whereas specific maximal power was reduced only in male KO Lee mice. Genetic inactivation of myostatin increases maximal force and power, but in return it reduces muscle quality, particularly in male mice. Muscle Nerve 55: 254-261, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Natural language processing and visualization in the molecular imaging domain.

PubMed

Tulipano, P Karina; Tao, Ying; Millar, William S; Zanzonico, Pat; Kolbert, Katherine; Xu, Hua; Yu, Hong; Chen, Lifeng; Lussier, Yves A; Friedman, Carol

2007-06-01

Molecular imaging is at the crossroads of genomic sciences and medical imaging. Information within the molecular imaging literature could be used to link to genomic and imaging information resources and to organize and index images in a way that is potentially useful to researchers. A number of natural language processing (NLP) systems are available to automatically extract information from genomic literature. One existing NLP system, known as BioMedLEE, automatically extracts biological information consisting of biomolecular substances and phenotypic data. This paper focuses on the adaptation, evaluation, and application of BioMedLEE to the molecular imaging domain. In order to adapt BioMedLEE for this domain, we extend an existing molecular imaging terminology and incorporate it into BioMedLEE. BioMedLEE's performance is assessed with a formal evaluation study. The system's performance, measured as recall and precision, is 0.74 (95% CI: [.70-.76]) and 0.70 (95% CI [.63-.76]), respectively. We adapt a JAVA viewer known as PGviewer for the simultaneous visualization of images with NLP extracted information.

Two-photon Lee-Goldburg nuclear magnetic resonance: Simultaneous homonuclear decoupling and signal acquisition

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Michal, Carl A.; Hastings, Simon P.; Lee, Lik Hang

2008-02-07

We present NMR signals from a strongly coupled homonuclear spin system, {sup 1}H nuclei in adamantane, acquired with simultaneous two-photon excitation under conditions of the Lee-Goldburg experiment. Small coils, having inside diameters of 0.36 mm, are used to achieve two-photon nutation frequencies of {approx}20 kHz. The very large rf field strengths required give rise to large Bloch-Siegert shifts that cannot be neglected. These experiments are found to be extremely sensitive to inhomogeneity of the applied rf field, and due to the Bloch-Siegert shift, exhibit a large asymmetry in response between the upper and lower Lee-Goldburg offsets. Two-photon excitation has themore » potential to enhance both the sensitivity and performance of homonuclear dipolar decoupling, but is made challenging by the high rf power required and the difficulties introduced by the inhomogeneous Bloch-Siegert shift. We briefly discuss a variation of the frequency-switched Lee-Goldburg technique, called four-quadrant Lee-Goldburg (4QLG) that produces net precession in the x-y plane, with a reduced chemical shift scaling factor of 1/3.« less

Large enhancement of light extraction efficiency in AlGaN-based nanorod ultraviolet light-emitting diode structures.

PubMed

Ryu, Han-Youl

2014-02-04

Light extraction efficiency (LEE) of AlGaN-based nanorod deep ultraviolet (UV) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is numerically investigated using three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain simulations. LEE of deep UV LEDs is limited by strong light absorption in the p-GaN contact layer and total internal reflection. The nanorod structure is found to be quite effective in increasing LEE of deep UV LEDs especially for the transverse magnetic (TM) mode. In the nanorod LED, strong dependence of LEE on structural parameters such as the diameter of a nanorod and the p-GaN thickness is observed, which can be attributed to the formation of resonant modes inside the nanorod structure. Simulation results show that, when the structural parameters of the nanorod LED are optimized, LEE can be higher than 50% and 60% for the transverse electric (TE) and TM modes, respectively. The nanorod structure is expected to be a good candidate for the application to future high-efficiency deep UV LEDs. PACS: 41.20.Jb; 42.72.Bj; 85.60.Jb.

Large enhancement of light extraction efficiency in AlGaN-based nanorod ultraviolet light-emitting diode structures

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

Light extraction efficiency (LEE) of AlGaN-based nanorod deep ultraviolet (UV) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is numerically investigated using three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain simulations. LEE of deep UV LEDs is limited by strong light absorption in the p-GaN contact layer and total internal reflection. The nanorod structure is found to be quite effective in increasing LEE of deep UV LEDs especially for the transverse magnetic (TM) mode. In the nanorod LED, strong dependence of LEE on structural parameters such as the diameter of a nanorod and the p-GaN thickness is observed, which can be attributed to the formation of resonant modes inside the nanorod structure. Simulation results show that, when the structural parameters of the nanorod LED are optimized, LEE can be higher than 50% and 60% for the transverse electric (TE) and TM modes, respectively. The nanorod structure is expected to be a good candidate for the application to future high-efficiency deep UV LEDs. PACS 41.20.Jb; 42.72.Bj; 85.60.Jb PMID:24495598

Looking for Asian butch-dykes: exploring filmic representations of East Asian butch-dykes in Donna Lee's Enter the Mullet.

PubMed

Lin, Hui-Ling

2009-01-01

Asian butch-dykes have been overlooked in analyses of Chinese cinema, studies that often concentrate on "feminized" transgender roles. This article examines cinematic representations of Asian butch-dykes through film analysis of Enter the Mullet (2004), a five-minute short, and in-depth interviews with the filmmaker, Donna Lee, a Chinese-Canadian in Vancouver. Lee's film is inspired by Enter the Dragon (1973), starring Bruce Lee, the most recognized icon of Asian masculinity. Combining with the mullet hairstyle, which is often associated with White working-class, the filmmaker introduces viewers to the hybrid masculinity of Asian butch-dykes. The article argues that Asian female masculinity can be a strategic means of destabilizing the hegemony of White-male-middle-class masculinity.

Signaling from the Podocyte Intercellular Junction to the Actin Cytoskeleton

PubMed Central

George, Britta; Holzman, Lawrence B.

2012-01-01

Observations of hereditary glomerular disease support the contention that podocyte intercellular junction proteins are essential for junction formation and maintenance. Genetic deletion of most of these podocyte intercellular junction proteins results in foot process effacement and proteinuria. This review focuses on the current understanding of molecular mechanisms by which podocyte intercellular junction proteins such as the Nephrin-Neph1-Podocin receptor complex coordinate cytoskeletal dynamics and thus intercellular junction formation, maintenance and injury-dependent remodeling. PMID:22958485

Cerebellar syndrome with hydrocephalus due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection.

PubMed Central

Coleman, R. J.; Brown, J. S.; Butler, P.; Swash, M.

1990-01-01

A 27 year old woman developed a cerebellar syndrome with serological evidence of recent Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. The cranial computed tomographic scan showed effacement of the fourth ventricle, enhancement of the basal meninges and hydrocephalus affecting the lateral and third ventricles. Clinical and radiological recovery occurred over 5 weeks. We propose that this was a manifestation of immune-mediated encephalomyelitis induced by the infection rather than direct invasion of the central nervous system. Images Figure 1 PMID:2217014

Divergent functions of the Rho GTPases Rac1 and Cdc42 in podocyte injury

PubMed Central

Blattner, Simone M.; Hodgin, Jeffrey B.; Nishio, Masashi; Wylie, Stephanie; Saha, Jharna; Soofi, Abdul; Vining, Courtenay; Randolph, Ann; Herbach, Nadja; Wanke, Ruediger; Atkins, Kevin B.; Kang, Hee Gyung; Henger, Anna; Brakebusch, Cord; Holzman, Lawrence B.; Kretzler, Matthias

2013-01-01

Podocytes are highly specialized epithelial cells with complex actin cytoskeletal architecture crucial for maintenance of the glomerular filtration barrier. The mammalian Rho GTPases Rac1 and Cdc42 are molecular switches that control many cellular processes, but are best known for their roles in the regulation of actin cytoskeleton dynamics. Here we employed podocyte-specific Cre-lox technology and found that mice with deletion of Rac1 display normal podocyte morphology without glomerular dysfunction well into adulthood. Using the protamine sulfate model of acute podocyte injury, podocyte-specific deletion of Rac1 prevented foot process effacement. In a long-term model of chronic hypertensive glomerular damage, however, loss of Rac1 led to an exacerbation of albuminuria and glomerulosclerosis. In contrast, mice with podocyte-specific deletion of Cdc42 had severe proteinuria, podocyte foot process effacement, and glomerulosclerosis beginning as early as 10 days of age. In addition, slit diaphragm proteins nephrin and podocin were redistributed and cofilin was de-phosphorylated. Cdc42 is necessary for the maintenance of podocyte structure and function, but Rac1 is entirely dispensable in physiologic steady state. However, Rac1 has either beneficial or deleterious effects depending on the context of podocyte impairment. Thus, our study highlights the divergent roles of Rac1 and Cdc42 function in podocyte maintenance and injury. PMID:23677246

Significant improvement in Fabry disease podocytopathy after 3 years of treatment with agalsidase beta.

PubMed

Ito, Shuichi; Ogura, Masao; Kamei, Koichi; Matsuoka, Kentaro; Warnock, David G

2016-08-01

Fabry disease is an X-linked lysosomal disorder caused by decreased activity of α-galactosidase A (GLA). Consequent accumulation of globotriaosylceramide (GL-3) in lysosomes results in damage to a variety of organs, including the kidneys. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) is an effective treatment, but whether it should be started before organ damage is evident is a matter of debate. A 10-year-old boy who complained of severe sole pain for 3 years had been misdiagnosed with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Further investigations revealed decreased GLA activity and a M1T mutation in the GLA gene causing protein truncation, suggestive of Fabry disease. Despite normal renal function and urinalysis, renal biopsy showed abnormal structure, with marked accumulation of GL-3 in podocytes, partial effacement of foot processes and irregularly reduced expression of nephrin in the slit diaphragm. After 1 year of ERT with 1 mg/kg agalsidase beta once every 2 weeks, his pain had resolved with ERT combined with carbamazepine and pregabalin. After 3 years of the ERT, repeat biopsy showed little renal GL-3 deposition, resolution of foot process effacement, and a dramatic improvement in nephrin expression. There may be a window of opportunity in which pain and renal injury can be addressed in the early stages of Fabry disease. Early initiation of ERT should therefore be considered for children with Fabry disease.

Solid intraocular xanthogranuloma in three Miniature Schnauzer dogs.

PubMed

Zarfoss, Mitzi K; Dubielzig, Richard R

2007-01-01

Macrophages that contain abundant intracytoplasmic lipid are called 'foam cells'. In four canine globes submitted to the Comparative Ocular Pathology Laboratory of Wisconsin (COPLOW), foam cells formed a solid intraocular mass. The purpose of this study was to describe the histopathologic findings in these cases. The electronic COPLOW database (1993-2006) was searched for the diagnosis of 'foam cell tumor'. Clinical history, gross pathology and histopathology (5-micron sections, hematoxylin and eosin and Alcian blue periodic acid Schiff) were reviewed in all cases. Cases were included if the globe was grossly filled by a solid mass and if all intraocular structures were effaced by lipid-laden foam cell macrophages admixed with birefringent, Alcian blue-positive crystals oriented in stellate patterns. All three patients (four globes) satisfying the selection criteria were Miniature Schnauzers. In all cases the clinical history included diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia and chronic bilateral uveitis that was interpreted to be lens-induced. All globes were enucleated because of glaucoma. The term solid intraocular xanthogranuloma was used to describe these cases because the intraocular contents were effaced by a solid mass of foam cells and birefringent crystals. The cases in this report suggest that diabetic Miniature Schnauzers with hyperlipidemia are at risk for lipid and macrophage-rich uveitis, which may in some cases form a solid inflammatory intraocular mass, precipitate glaucoma, and lead to enucleation.

Environmental cues and symbiont microbe-associated molecular patterns function in concert to drive the daily remodelling of the crypt-cell brush border of the Euprymna scolopes light organ

PubMed Central

Heath-Heckman, Elizabeth A.C.; Foster, Jamie; Apicella, Michael A.; Goldman, William E.; McFall-Ngai, Margaret

2016-01-01

Summary Recent research has shown that the microbiota affects the biology of associated host epithelial tissues, including their circadian rhythms, although few data are available on how such influences shape the microarchitecture of the brush border. The squid-vibrio system exhibits two modifications of the brush border that supports the symbionts: effacement and repolarization. Together these occur on a daily rhythm in adult animals, at the dawn expulsion of symbionts into the environment, and symbiont colonization of the juvenile host induces an increase in microvillar density. Here we sought to define how these processes are related and the roles of both symbiont colonization and environmental cues. Ultrastructural analyses showed that the juvenile-organ brush borders also efface concomitantly with daily dawn-cued expulsion of symbionts. Manipulation of the environmental light cue and juvenile symbiotic state demonstrated that this behaviour requires the light cue, but not colonization. In contrast, symbionts were required for the observed increase in microvillar density that accompanies post dawn brush-border repolarization; this increase was induced solely by host exposure to phosphorylated lipid A of symbiont cells. These data demonstrate that a partnering of environmental and symbiont cues shapes the brush border and that microbe-associated molecular patterns play a role in the regulation of brush-border microarchitecture. PMID:27062511

Southeast Asia’s Relations with Taiwan, 2000-2016: An Assessment of Vietnam and Singapore

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-09-01

were considered good during Taiwan president Lee Teng-hui’s terms (1988–2000) with robust economic ties and de facto diplomatic relations. Studies of...the post -Lee period have described a state of deteriorated relations between Taiwan and Southeast Asian countries when Chen Shui-bian succeeded Lee...Taiwan set up its de facto embassy in Ho Chi Minh City in 1992, and Vietnam set up its own representative office in Taipei in 1993. Vietnam continued to

Purinergic Receptors in Quiescence and Localization of Leukemic Stem Cells

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-05-01

mediating HSPC mobilization. Reportable Outcomes Cho JS, Shen H, Hui Y, Cheng T, Lee SB, Lee BC. 2011. Ewing’s Sarcoma Gene EWS regulates...Distribution Unlimited The views, opinions and/or findings contained in this report are those of the author( s ) and should not be construed as an...PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR( S ) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER Byeong-Chel Lee, Ph.D. 5e. TASK NUMBER E-Mail: leeb4@upmc.edu 5f. WORK UNIT

Proceedings of the Annual U.S. Army Operations Research Symposium (13th) , AORS XIII, Held at Fort Lee, Virginia on 29 October - 1 November 1974, Co- Hosted by Army Logistics Center, Fort Lee, Virginia and Army Quartermaster Center and Fort Lee, Virginia. Volume 2

DTIC Science & Technology

1974-11-01

Directorate, Rock Island, Illinois. 538 TITLE: Significant Difference Technique AUTHOR: Mr. Robert P. Lewis, Jr. US Army Logistics Management Center...was first used in a Decision Risk Analysis in August, 1971, at the Army Logistics Management Center, by John Cocker- ham and Harold Stafford. There is

Generic Friedberg-Lee symmetry of Dirac neutrinos

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Luo Shu; Xing Zhizhong; Li Xin

2008-12-01

We write out the generic Dirac neutrino mass operator which possesses the Friedberg-Lee symmetry and find that its corresponding neutrino mass matrix is asymmetric. Following a simple way to break the Friedberg-Lee symmetry, we calculate the neutrino mass eigenvalues and show that the resultant neutrino mixing pattern is nearly tri-bimaximal. Imposing the Hermitian condition on the neutrino mass matrix, we also show that the simplified ansatz is consistent with current experimental data and favors the normal neutrino mass hierarchy.

VITAL: Vanguard Investigations of Therapeutic Approaches to Lung Cancer

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-07-01

68. PMCID: PMC2893045. Sato M, Vaughan MB, Girard L, Peyton M, Lee W, Shames DS, Ramirez RD, Sunaga N, Gazdar AF, Shay JW, Minna JD. Multiple...Proceedings of AACR 46: 2005. Abstract #3896. Sato M, Lee W, Girard L, Ramirez RD, Shames DS, Gazdar AF, Shay JW, Minna J D. Oncogenic manipulation...absence of viral oncoproteins. Cancer Res 64: 9027–9034. Sato M, Vaughan MB, Girard L, Peyton M, Lee W, Shames DS et al. (2006). Multiple oncogenic

Impact of Backbone Rigidity on the Photomechanical Response of Glassy, Azobenzene-Functionalized Polyimides (Postprint)

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-01-13

Y .; Choi, H . H .; Hwang , H . K.; Kim, Y .; Lee , S .; Jang, S . H .; Kakimoto, M.; Takezoe, H . Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Part 1: Regul. Pap. Short Notes Rev... H .; Vaia, R. A.; Tan, L. S .; White, T. J. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2012, 51 (17), 4117−4121. (6) Wang, D. H .; Lee , K. M.; Yu, Z. N .; Koerner, H .; Vaia...J. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 2013, 214 (11), 1189−1194. (8) Wang, D. H .; Lee , K. M.;

7 CFR 1007.51 - Class I differential, adjustments to Class I prices, and Class I price.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

....40 AL JEFFERSON 01073 0.30 AL LAMAR 01075 0.20 AL LAUDERDALE 01077 0.30 AL LAWRENCE 01079 0.30 AL LEE... JEFFERSON 05069 0.00 AR JOHNSON 05071 0.10 AR LAFAYETTE 05073 0.10 AR LAWRENCE 05075 0.10 AR LEE 05077 0.10... LEE 13177 0.85 GA LIBERTY 13179 1.15 GA LINCOLN 13181 0.70 GA LONG 13183 1.15 GA LOWNDES 13185 1.15 GA...

7 CFR 1005.51 - Class I differential, adjustments to Class I prices, and Class I price.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 0.40 KY LAUREL 21125 0.50 KY LEE 21129 0.40 KY LESLIE 21131 0.50 KY LETCHER 21133 0.50 KY LINCOLN... 37101 0.20 NC JONES 37103 0.40 NC LEE 37105 0.30 NC LENOIR 37107 0.40 NC LINCOLN 37109 0.30 NC MC DOWELL... SC LAURENS 45059 0.50 SC LEE 45061 0.70 SC LEXINGTON 45063 0.70 SC MC CORMICK 45065 0.50 SC MARION...

7 CFR 1005.51 - Class I differential, adjustments to Class I prices, and Class I price.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 0.40 KY LAUREL 21125 0.50 KY LEE 21129 0.40 KY LESLIE 21131 0.50 KY LETCHER 21133 0.50 KY LINCOLN... 37101 0.20 NC JONES 37103 0.40 NC LEE 37105 0.30 NC LENOIR 37107 0.40 NC LINCOLN 37109 0.30 NC MC DOWELL... SC LAURENS 45059 0.50 SC LEE 45061 0.70 SC LEXINGTON 45063 0.70 SC MC CORMICK 45065 0.50 SC MARION...

7 CFR 1007.51 - Class I differential, adjustments to Class I prices, and Class I price.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

....40 AL JEFFERSON 01073 0.30 AL LAMAR 01075 0.20 AL LAUDERDALE 01077 0.30 AL LAWRENCE 01079 0.30 AL LEE... JEFFERSON 05069 0.00 AR JOHNSON 05071 0.10 AR LAFAYETTE 05073 0.10 AR LAWRENCE 05075 0.10 AR LEE 05077 0.10... LEE 13177 0.85 GA LIBERTY 13179 1.15 GA LINCOLN 13181 0.70 GA LONG 13183 1.15 GA LOWNDES 13185 1.15 GA...

West Adriatic Coastal Water Excursions into the East Adriatic

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-01-15

anticyclonic eddies in the Gulf of Manfredonia which can form in the lee of the WAC flow around Cape Gargano (Burrage et al., 2009-this issue), although the...caused it to remain trapped in the lee of Cape Gargano. In the presence of stepwise bathymetry only (SW2 runs, Fig. 16), the initial flow was generally...L., Wang, J.D., Lee , T.N., 1996. The fate of river discharge on the continental shelf: 1. Modeling the river plume and the inner shelf coastal

North Adriatic Tides: Observations, Variational Data Assimilation Modeling, and Linear Tide Dynamics

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-12-01

of the North Adriatic ( Lee et al., 2005). In addition to the ADCP measurements of currents through- out the water column, bottom pressure (by ADCP or...of the year with low levels of stratification (Figure 2, Jeffries and Lee , 2007). Actual generation of internal tides in the North Adriatic would...Thompson, K.R., Teague, W. J., Jacobs, G.A., Suk, M.-S., Chang, K.-I., Lee , J.-C. and Choi, B.H. (2004): Data assimilation modeling of the barotropic

INL@Work Hope Lee microbiologist

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lee, Hope

2010-01-01

INL environmental microbiologist Hope Lee is working to develop and apply tools that clean contaminants out of ground water. You can learn more about INL's environmental projects at http://www.facebook.com/idahonationallaboratory.

INL@Work Hope Lee microbiologist

ScienceCinema

Lee, Hope

2018-02-07

INL environmental microbiologist Hope Lee is working to develop and apply tools that clean contaminants out of ground water. You can learn more about INL's environmental projects at http://www.facebook.com/idahonationallaboratory.

7 CFR 301.81-3 - Quarantined areas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... entire county. Lee County. The entire county. Lenoir County. The entire county. Lincoln County. That... County. The entire county. Lee County. The entire county. Leon County. The entire county. Liberty County...

78 FR 4406 - Notice of Commission Staff Attendance

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-22

... Carolina Electric & Gas Company For more information, contact Michael Lee, Office of Energy Market Regulation, Federal Energy Regulatory Commission at (202) 502-8658 or Michael.Lee@ferc.gov . Dated: January...

7 CFR 301.81-3 - Quarantined areas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... entire county. Lee County. The entire county. Lenoir County. The entire county. Lincoln County. That... County. The entire county. Lee County. The entire county. Leon County. The entire county. Liberty County...

Phenomenology of the N = 3 Lee-Wick Standard Model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

TerBeek, Russell Henry

With the discovery of the Higgs Boson in 2012, particle physics has decidedly moved beyond the Standard Model into a new epoch. Though the Standard Model particle content is now completely accounted for, there remain many theoretical issues about the structure of the theory in need of resolution. Among these is the hierarchy problem: since the renormalized Higgs mass receives quadratic corrections from a higher cutoff scale, what keeps the Higgs boson light? Many possible solutions to this problem have been advanced, such as supersymmetry, Randall-Sundrum models, or sub-millimeter corrections to gravity. One such solution has been advanced by the Lee-Wick Standard Model. In this theory, higher-derivative operators are added to the Lagrangian for each Standard Model field, which result in propagators that possess two physical poles and fall off more rapidly in the ultraviolet regime. It can be shown by an auxiliary field transformation that the higher-derivative theory is identical to positing a second, manifestly renormalizable theory in which new fields with opposite-sign kinetic and mass terms are found. These so-called Lee-Wick fields have opposite-sign propagators, and famously cancel off the quadratic divergences that plague the renormalized Higgs mass. The states in the Hilbert space corresponding to Lee-Wick particles have negative norm, and implications for causality and unitarity are examined. This dissertation explores a variant of the theory called the N = 3 Lee-Wick Standard Model. The Lagrangian of this theory features a yet-higher derivative operator, which produces a propagator with three physical poles and possesses even better high-energy behavior than the minimal Lee-Wick theory. An analogous auxiliary field transformation takes this higher-derivative theory into a renormalizable theory with states of alternating positive, negative, and positive norm. The phenomenology of this theory is examined in detail, with particular emphasis on the collider signatures of Lee-Wick particles, electroweak precision constraints on the masses that the new particles can take on, and scenarios in early-universe cosmology in which Lee-Wick particles can play a significant role.

78 FR 36183 - Notice of Commission Staff Attendance

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-17

... Electric & Gas Company For More Information Contact: Michael Lee, Office of Energy Market Regulation, Federal Energy Regulatory Commission at (202) 502-8658 or Michael.Lee@ferc.gov . Dated: June 11, 2013...

62. Detail of bellmouth looking southeast. Photo by Robin Lee ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

62. Detail of bellmouth looking southeast. Photo by Robin Lee Tedder, Puget Power, 1989. - Puget Sound Power & Light Company, White River Hydroelectric Project, 600 North River Avenue, Dieringer, Pierce County, WA

Cancer Data and Statistics Tools

MedlinePlus

... Joseph Jacqueline W. Miller Mona Saraiya Judith Lee Smith Sherri L. Stewart Mary C. White Debra Younginer ... MD, MPH Simple Singh, MD, MPH Judith Lee Smith, PhD Sherri L. Stewart, PhD Eric Tai, MD, ...

77 FR 55454 - Plumas County Resource Advisory Committee

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-10

... Supervisors Office, 159 Lawrence Street, Quincy, CA 95971. Please call ahead to Lee Anne Schramel Taylor at...: Lee Anne Schramel Taylor, RAC Coordinator, Plumas National Forest, (530) 283-7850, TTY 711, eataylor...

Comparison of a new digital KM screen test with conventional Hess and Lees screen tests in the mapping of ocular deviations.

PubMed

Thorisdottir, Rannveig Linda; Sundgren, Johanna; Sheikh, Rafi; Blohmé, Jonas; Hammar, Björn; Kjellström, Sten; Malmsjö, Malin

2018-05-28

To evaluate the digital KM screen computerized ocular motility test and to compare it with conventional nondigital techniques using the Hess and Lees screens. Patients with known ocular deviations and a visual acuity of at least 20/100 underwent testing using the digital KM screen and the Hess and Lees screen tests. The examination duration, the subjectively perceived difficulty, and the patient's method of choice were compared for the three tests. The accuracy of test results was compared using Bland-Altman plots between testing methods. A total of 19 patients were included. Examination with the digital KM screen test was less time-consuming than tests with the Hess and Lees screens (P < 0.001 and P = 0.003, resp., compared with the digital KM screen). Patients found the test with the digital KM screen easier to perform than the Lees screen test (P = 0.009) but of similar difficulty to the Hess screen test (P = 0.203). The majority of the patients (83%) preferred the digital KM screen test to both of the other screen methods (P = 0.008). Bland-Altman plots showed that the results obtained with all three tests were similar. The digital KM screen is accurate and time saving and provides similar results to Lees and Hess screen testing. It also has the advantage of a digital data analysis and registration. Copyright © 2018 American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The comparison of DNA damage induced by micro DBD plasma and low energy electron for curing human diseases

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Park, Yeunsoo

2015-09-01

It is well known that low energy electrons (LEE, especially below 10 eV) can generate DNA damage via indirect action named dissociative electron attachment (DEA). We can now explain some parts of the exact mechanism on DNA damage by LEE collision with direct ionization effect when cancer patients get the radiotherapy. It is kind of remarkable information in the field of radiation therapy. However, it is practically very difficult to directly apply this finding to human disease cure due to difficulty of LEE therapy actualization and request of further clinical studies. Recently, there is a novel challenge in plasma application, that is, how we can apply plasma technology to diagnosis and treatment of many serious diseases like cancer. Cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAPP) is a very good source to apply to plasma medicine and bio-applications because of low temperature, low cost, and easy handling. Some scientists have already reported good results related to clinical plasma application. The purposes of this study are to further find out exact mechanisms of DNA damage by LEE at the molecular level, to verify new DNA damage like structural alteration on DNA subunits and to compare DNA damage by LEE and plasma source. We will keep expanding our study to DNA damage by plasma source to develop plasma-based new medical and biological applications. We will show some recent results, DNA damage by LEE and non-thermal plasma.

Temporal characteristics of coherent flow structures generated over alluvial sand dunes, Mississippi River, revealed by acoustic doppler current profiling and multibeam echo sounding

USGS Publications Warehouse

Czuba, John A.; Oberg, Kevin A.; Best, Jim L.; Parsons, Daniel R.; Simmons, S. M.; Johnson, K.K.; Malzone, C.

2009-01-01

This paper investigates the flow in the lee of a large sand dune located at the confluence of the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers, USA. Stationary profiles collected from an anchored boat using an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) were georeferenced with data from a real-time kinematic differential global positioning system. A multibeam echo sounder was used to map the bathymetry of the confluence and provided a morphological context for the ADCP measurements. The flow in the lee of a low-angle dune shows good correspondence with current conceptual models of flow over dunes. As expected, quadrant 2 events (upwellings of low-momentum fluid) are associated with high backscatter intensity. Turbulent events generated in the lower lee of a dune near the bed are associated with periods of vortex shedding and wake flapping. Remnant coherent structures that advect over the lower lee of the dune in the upper portion of the water column, have mostly dissipated and contribute little to turbulence intensities. The turbulent events that occupy most of the water column in the upper lee of the dune are associated with periods of wake flapping.

ARC-2008-ACD08-0260-022

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-11-04

K-10 (red) plaentary rover at Marscape (Ames Mars Yard): with prototype flight control team remotely operating K-10 'Red' from Ames Future Flight Centeral (FFC) Simulator, L-R; Pascal Lee, Melissa Rice, David Lees, Trey Smith

Yuan T. Lee and Molecular Beam Studies

Science.gov Websites

&D Nuggets Database dropdown arrow Search Tag Cloud Browse Reports Database Help Finding Aids : The Influence of Yuan T. Lee, Journal of Chemical Physics, Volume 125, Issue 13, pp. 132302-132302-19

Genetics Home Reference: multiple familial trichoepithelioma

MedlinePlus

... 13. Citation on PubMed Bowen S, Gill M, Lee DA, Fisher G, Geronemus RG, Vazquez ME, Celebi JT. ... Fernandez-Figueras, Maria Tereza]. Citation on PubMed Lee DA, Grossman ME, Schneiderman P, Celebi JT. Genetics of ...

Genetics Home Reference: Brooke-Spiegler syndrome

MedlinePlus

... article on PubMed Central Bowen S, Gill M, Lee DA, Fisher G, Geronemus RG, Vazquez ME, Celebi JT. ... 124(5):919-20. Citation on PubMed Lee DA, Grossman ME, Schneiderman P, Celebi JT. Genetics of ...

36 CFR 1253.6 - Records Centers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...., Chicago, IL 60629-5898. The telephone number is 773-948-9000. (h) NARA—Central Plains Region (Lee's Summit, MO) is located at 200 Space Center Drive, Lee's Summit, MO 64064-1182. The telephone number is 816...

76 FR 5209 - Notice of Availability of the Environmental Assessment for New Low Security Beds

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-28

... inmates. The alternatives considered for this proposed action include: Lee Adjustment Center, Beattyville...: County of Lee Public Library, 123 Center Street, Beattyville, KY. Groesbeck Public Library (Maffet...

A taxonomic review of Korean Liogluta Thomson (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae) with descriptions of three new species.

PubMed

Lee, Seung-Gyu; Ahn, Kee-Jeong

2016-11-15

A taxonomic review of the Liogluta Thomson in Korea is presented. The genus is represented in Korea by eight species including three new species, L. changwhani Lee & Ahn, sp. nov., L. jinilli Lee & Ahn, sp. nov. and L. rufescens Lee & Ahn, sp. nov. Two species [L. distans (Sharp) and L. ursi (Sawada)] are new to the Korean peninsula and L. pyonganica is recorded for the first time in South Korea. A key, descriptions, habitus photographs and illustrations of the diagnostic characters are provided.

Robust Lee local statistic filter for removal of mixed multiplicative and impulse noise

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ponomarenko, Nikolay N.; Lukin, Vladimir V.; Egiazarian, Karen O.; Astola, Jaakko T.

2004-05-01

A robust version of Lee local statistic filter able to effectively suppress the mixed multiplicative and impulse noise in images is proposed. The performance of the proposed modification is studied for a set of test images, several values of multiplicative noise variance, Gaussian and Rayleigh probability density functions of speckle, and different characteris-tics of impulse noise. The advantages of the designed filter in comparison to the conventional Lee local statistic filter and some other filters able to cope with mixed multiplicative+impulse noise are demonstrated.

Causality as an emergent macroscopic phenomenon: The Lee-Wick O(N) model

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Grinstein, Benjamin; O'Connell, Donal; Wise, Mark B.

2009-05-15

In quantum mechanics the deterministic property of classical physics is an emergent phenomenon appropriate only on macroscopic scales. Lee and Wick introduced Lorentz invariant quantum theories where causality is an emergent phenomenon appropriate for macroscopic time scales. In this paper we analyze a Lee-Wick version of the O(N) model. We argue that in the large-N limit this theory has a unitary and Lorentz invariant S matrix and is therefore free of paradoxes in scattering experiments. We discuss some of its acausal properties.

Achieving DoD’s Net Centric Vision of Information Sharing While Overcoming Cultural Biases to Control Information

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-05-09

using better technology as a means might be an effective strategy to achieve desired effects and to reduce risk. Tim Berners - Lee , founder of the World...of information disclosure persecution. Tim Berners - Lee advises, “human communication scales up only if we can be tolerant of the differences while we...the government to define intended use Figure 1: Slide by Tim Berners - Lee at http://www.w3.org/2000/Talks/1206-xml2k- tbl.27 The Author added the

Loss of cellular transformation efficiency induced by DNA irradiation with low-energy (10 eV) electrons.

PubMed

Kouass Sahbani, Saloua; Sanche, Leon; Cloutier, Pierre; Bass, Andrew D; Hunting, Darel J

2014-11-20

Low energy electrons (LEEs) of energies less than 20 eV are generated in large quantities by ionizing radiation in biological matter. While LEEs are known to induce single (SSBs) and double strand breaks (DSBs) in DNA, their ability to inactivate cells by inducing nonreparable lethal damage has not yet been demonstrated. Here we observe the effect of LEEs on the functionality of DNA, by measuring the efficiency of transforming Escherichia coli with a [pGEM-3Zf (-)] plasmid irradiated with 10 eV electrons. Highly ordered DNA films were prepared on pyrolitic graphite by molecular self-assembly using 1,3-diaminopropane ions (Dap(2+)). The uniformity of these films permits the inactivation of approximately 50% of the plasmids compared to <10% using previous methods, which is sufficient for the subsequent determination of their functionality. Upon LEE irradiation, the fraction of functional plasmids decreased exponentially with increasing electron fluence, while LEE-induced isolated base damage, frank DSB, and non DSB-cluster damage increased linearly with fluence. While DSBs can be toxic, their levels were too low to explain the loss of plasmid functionality observed upon LEE irradiation. Similarly, non-DSB cluster damage, revealed by transforming cluster damage into DSBs by digestion with repair enzymes, also occurred relatively infrequently. The exact nature of the lethal damage remains unknown, but it is probably a form of compact cluster damage in which the lesions are too close to be revealed by purified repair enzymes. In addition, this damage is either not repaired or is misrepaired by E. coli, since it results in plasmid inactivation, when they contain an average of three lesions. Comparison with previous results from a similar experiment performed with γ-irradiated plasmids indicates that the type of clustered DNA lesions, created directly on cellular DNA by LEEs, may be more difficult to repair than those produced by other species from radiolysis.

[The medical theory of Lee Je-ma and its character].

PubMed

Lee, Kyung-Lock

2005-12-01

Lee Je-ma 1837-1900) was a prominent scholar as well as an Korean physician. classified every people into four distinctive types: greater yang [tai yang] person, lesser yin [shao yin] person, greater yin [tai yin] person, lesser yin [shao yin] person. This theory would dictate proper treatment for each type in accordance with individual differences of physical and temperament features. Using these four types he created The Medical Science of Four Types. This article is intended to look into the connection between Lee Je-Ma's 'The Medical Science of Four Types' and 'The Modern' with organizing his ideas about the human body and the human being. Through The Modern, the theory of human being underwent a complete change. Human being in The Premodern, which was determined by sex, age and social status has been changed to the individual human being, which is featured by equality. Lee Je-Ma's medical theory of The Medical Science of Four Types would be analyzed as follow. His concept of human body is oriented toward observable objectivity. But on the other hand, it still remains transcendent status of medical science, which is subordinated by philosophy. According to Lee Je-Ma's theory of human being, human is an equal individual in a modern way of thinking, not as a part of hierarchical group. But on the other hand, it still remains incomplete from getting rid of morality aspect that includes virtue and vice in the concept of human body. The common factors in Lee Je-Ma's ideas about the human body and the human being is 'Dualism of mind and body that means all kinds of status and results depends on each individual. As is stated above, Lee Je-Ma's medical theory has many aspects of The Modern and it proves that Korean traditional medicine could be modernized by itself.

1. Historic American Buildings Survey Photocopy of old view, date ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. Historic American Buildings Survey Photocopy of old view, date unknown From collection of Anna B. Scherer, Lees Summit, Mo. NORTH FACADE - Longview Farm, Hog & Sale Barn, Longview Road, Lees Summit, Jackson County, MO

27 CFR 9.195 - Alta Mesa.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... northeast 2.6 miles on Dillard Road to its intersection with Lee Shorthorn Road, T7N, R7E (Sloughhouse Quadrangle); then (6) Proceed southeast 0.9 mile on Lee Shorthorn Road to its intersection with Tavernor Road...

27 CFR 9.195 - Alta Mesa.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... northeast 2.6 miles on Dillard Road to its intersection with Lee Shorthorn Road, T7N, R7E (Sloughhouse Quadrangle); then (6) Proceed southeast 0.9 mile on Lee Shorthorn Road to its intersection with Tavernor Road...

27 CFR 9.201 - Sloughhouse.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... Tavernor Road to its intersection with Lee Shorthorn Road, T7N, R7E (Sloughhouse Quadrangle); then (7) Proceed northwest 0.9 mile on Lee Shorthorn Road to its intersection with Dillard Road, T7N, R7E...

76 FR 31006 - Requested Administrative Waiver of the Coastwise Trade Laws

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-27

... for the vessel OLIVIA LEE. SUMMARY: As authorized by 46 U.S.C. 12121, the Secretary of Transportation... applicant the intended service of the vessel OLIVIA LEE is: Intended Commercial Use of Vessel: ``Occasional...

27 CFR 9.201 - Sloughhouse.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Tavernor Road to its intersection with Lee Shorthorn Road, T7N, R7E (Sloughhouse Quadrangle); then (7) Proceed northwest 0.9 mile on Lee Shorthorn Road to its intersection with Dillard Road, T7N, R7E...

Observational changes to the natural flow regime in Lee Creek in relation to altered precipitation patterns and its implication for fishes

USGS Publications Warehouse

Gatlin, Michael R.; Long, James M.; Turton, Donald J.

2015-01-01

The natural flow regime is important for structuring streams and their resident ichthyofauna and alterations to this regime can have cascading consequences. We sought to determine if changes in hydrology could be attributed to changes in precipitation in a minimally altered watershed (Lee Creek). The stream flow regime was analyzed using Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration (IHA) software, and data from a nearby climate station were used to summarize concurrent precipitation patterns. We discovered that Lee Creek hydrology had become flashier (i.e., increased frequency of extreme events of shorter duration) since 1992 coincident with changes in precipitation patterns. Specifically, our results show fewer but more intense rain events within the Lee Creek watershed. Our research provides evidence that climate-induced changes to the natural flow regime are currently underway and additional research on its effects on the fish community is warranted.

No Lee-Wick fields out of gravity

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rodigast, Andreas; Schuster, Theodor

2009-06-15

We investigate the gravitational one-loop divergences of the standard model in large extra dimensions, with gravitons propagating in the (4+{delta})-dimensional bulk and gauge fields as well as scalar and fermionic multiplets confined to a three-brane. To determine the divergences we establish a cutoff regularization which allows us to extract gauge-invariant counterterms. In contrast to the claim of a recent paper [F. Wu and M. Zhong, Phys. Rev. D 78, 085010 (2008).], we show that the fermionic and scalar higher derivative counterterms do not coincide with the higher derivative terms in the Lee-Wick standard model. We argue that even if themore » exact Lee-Wick higher derivative terms were found, as in the case of the pure gauge sector, this would not allow to conclude the existence of the massive ghost fields corresponding to these higher derivative terms in the Lee-Wick standard model.« less

ECOSTRESS and LEE - SpaceX CRS-15 Mission

NASA Image and Video Library

2018-06-02

The ECOsystem Spaceborne Thermal Radiometer Experiment on Space Station (ECOSTRESS), pictured at the bottom, and the Latching End Effector (LEE), pictured at the top, are integrated into the unpressurized SpaceX Dragon truck June 2, 2018, at the SpaceX facility on Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida. The payloads will be carried to the International Space Station on SpaceX's 15th Commercial Resupply Services mission. ECOSTRESS will measure the temperature of plants and use that information to better understand how much water plants need and how they respond to stress. The Canadian Space Agency is supplying LEE for the Canadarm2 as a spare to replace a failed unit removed by astronauts during a spacewalk in 2017. Each end of the Canadarm2 robotic arm has an identical LEE, which acts like a "hand" to grapple payloads and visiting cargo spaceships.

Translation, Cross Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Lee Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease (GVHD) Symptom Scale in a Brazilian Population

PubMed Central

de Souza, Clarissa Vasconcellos; Vigorito, Afonso Celso; Miranda, Eliana C M; Garcia, Celso; Colturato, Vergílio Antonio Rensi; Mauad, Marcos Augusto; Moreira, Maria Cláudia Rodrigues; da Silva Bouzas, Luis Fernando; Lermontov, Simone; Hamerschlak, Nelson; Rodrigues, Morgani; de Almeida Barros, Jose Carlos; Chiattone, Ricardo; Lee, Stephanie J; Flowers, Mary ED

2017-01-01

The Lee chronic graft-versus-disease (cGVHD) Symptom Scale is a patient-reported instrument developed and validated in English to measure symptoms and functional impact of cGVHD. This tool has not been validated in a Latin America population. The Brazil-Seattle Chronic GVHD Consortium conducted a multicenter study at five Brazilian institutions to validate the Lee cGVHD Symptom Scale in adults with chronic GVHD. Study objectives included the translation and validation of the instrument in Brazilian Portuguese and evaluation of the correlation with other quality of life (QoL) tools (i.e., Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 [SF-36] and the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy with Bone Marrow Transplant subscale [FACT-BMT]). Translation and validation were according to the American Association of Orthopedic Surgeons Outcome Committee guideline. Spearman’s correlation coefficient was used to measure construct validity. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha and intraclass correlation coefficients. Between April 2011 and August 2012, 47 patients with cGVHD by the 2005 NIH criteria were enrolled in this study. Cohort median age was 48 (23–69) years and 29 (62%) were male. Lee cGVHD Symptom Scale reliability was adequate (Cronbach’s alpha 0.62–0.83). The correlations between similar domains of the Lee cGVHD Symptom Scale, SF-36 and FACT-BMT were moderate to high. The Brazilian Portuguese version of the Lee cGVHD Symptom Scale is valid and reliable and can be used in clinical trials of cGVHD in Brazil. PMID:27058616

The pro-life argument from substantial identity and the pro-choice argument from asymmetric value: a reply to Patrick Lee.

PubMed

Reiman, Jeffrey

2007-07-01

Lee claims that foetuses and adult humans are phases of the same identical substance, and thus have the same moral status because: first, foetuses and adults are the same physical organism, and second, the development from foetus to adult is quantitative and thus not a change of substance. Versus the first argument, I contend that the fact that foetuses and adults are the same physical organism implies only that they are the same thing but not the same substance, much as living adults and their corpses are the same thing (same body) but not the same substance. Against Lee's second argument, I contend that Lee confuses the nature of a process with the nature of its result. A process of quantitative change can produce a change in substance. Lee also fails to show that foetuses are rational and thus have all the essential properties of adults, as required for them to be the same substance. Against the pro-choice argument from asymmetric value (that only the fact that a human has become conscious of its life and begun to count on its continuing can explain human life's asymmetric moral value, i.e. that it is vastly worse to kill a human than not to produce one), Lee claims that foetus's lives are asymmetrically valuable to them before consciousness. This leads to counterintuitive outcomes, and it confuses the goodness of life (a symmetric value that cannot account for why it is worse to kill a human than not produce one) with asymmetric value.

Tsung-Dao Lee, Weak Interactions, and Nonconservation of Parity

Science.gov Websites

his Ph.D. from the University of Chicago in 1950. After working as a research associate at the University of Chicago and the University of California, Berkeley, Lee joined the Institute for Advanced Study

NASA Aquarius Detects Possible Effects of Tropical Storm Lee in Gulf

NASA Image and Video Library

2011-12-07

Tropical Storm Lee made landfall over New Orleans on Sept. 2-3, 2011, with predicted rainfall of 15 to 20 inches 38 to 51 centimeters over southern Louisiana. These charts are from NASA Aquarius spacecraft.

Sandstone units of the Lee Formation and related strata in eastern Kentucky

USGS Publications Warehouse

Rice, Charles L.

1984-01-01

Most of the Cumberland Plateau region of southeastern Kentucky is underlain by thick sequences of quartzose sandstone which are assigned for the most part to the Lee Formation. Much new information has been gathered about the Lee and related strata as a result of the cooperative mapping program of the U. S. Geological Survey and the Kentucky Geological Survey between 1960 and 1978. This report summarizes the age, lithology, distribution, sedimentary structures, and stratigraphic relations of the sandstone units of the Lee within and between each of three major outcrop belts in Kentucky: Cumberland Mountain, Pine Mountain, and the Pottsville Escarpment area. The Lee Formation generally has been regarded as Early Pennsylvanian in age and separated from Mississippian strata in Kentucky by an unconformity. However, lithostratigraphic units included in the formation as presently defined are broadly time-transgressive and range in age from Late Mississippian in parts of the Cumberland Mountain outcrop belt to Middle Pennsylvanian in the Pottsville Escarpment area. Members of the Lee intertongue with and grade into the underlying Pennington Formation and overlying Breathitt Formation. Sandstone and conglomeratic sandstone members of the Lee of Mississippian age found only in parts of the Cumberland overthrust sheet are closely associated with marine rocks; Pennsylvanian members are mostly associated with continental coal-bearing strata. Sandstone members of the Lee are mostly quartz rich and range from more than 90 percent to more than 99 percent quartz. They are relatively coarse grained, commonly pebbly, and in places conglomeratic. The units are southwest-trending linear or broadly lobate bodies. The Lee Formation is as much as 1,500 ft thick in the type area in Cumberland Mountain where it has been divided into eight members. The Pinnacle Overlook, Chadwell, White Rocks Sandstone, Middlesboro, Bee Rock Sandstone, and Naese Sandstone Members are mostly quartzose sandstone and conglomerate. The Dark Ridge and Hensley Members are mostly shale, siltstone, thin-bedded silty sandstone, and coal. The lower three of these members, the Pinnacle Overlook, Chadwell, and White Rocks Sandstone, are assigned to the Upper Mississippian Series because they intertongue with marine reddish or greenish shale and siltstone of the Pennington Formation or equivalent strata that contain a Late Mississippian fauna. The overlying quartzose sandstone members of the Lee commonly have coalified plant remains and impressions of plants and are Early to Middle Pennsylvanian in age; they are generally associated with terrestrial shale and siltstone containing coal beds and pinch out eastward into subgraywacke, siltstone, and shale. Although marine members commonly are bimodal, resultant transport directions for both marine and terrestrial members are southwesterly as determined by crossbedding. Thickness variations of the Middlesboro Member in the Cumberland overthrust sheet suggest that it represents tills of at least three major southwesterly trending paleovalleys. Thickness variations of the Bee Rock Sandstone Member east of Rocky Face fault and the combined Bee Rock and Naese Sandstone Members west of Rocky Face fault suggest that these members represent tills of at least two major southwesterly trending paleovalleys. East of Rocky Face fault, the Bee Rock is generally the uppermost member of the Lee; west of the fault, the overlying Naese is at the top. The Naese may range in age from Early to Middle Pennsylvanian and is partly or wholly equivalent to the Rockcastle Sandstone member of the Lee Formation in the area of the Pottsville Escarpment. The Mississippian-Pennsylvanian systemic boundary in the area of the Cumberland overthrust sheet in most places has been placed at an unconformity at the base of the Middlesboro Member; locally it is projected at the base of shales of the underlying Dark Ridge Member or equivalent strata in the Penningto

T3SS-Independent Uptake of the Short-Trip Toxin-Related Recombinant NleC Effector of Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Leads to NF-κB p65 Cleavage.

PubMed

Stolle, Anne-Sophie; Norkowski, Stefanie; Körner, Britta; Schmitz, Jürgen; Lüken, Lena; Frankenberg, Maj; Rüter, Christian; Schmidt, M Alexander

2017-01-01

Effector proteins secreted by the type 3 secretion system (T3SS) of pathogenic bacteria have been shown to precisely modulate important signaling cascades of the host for the benefit of the pathogens. Among others, the non-LEE encoded T3SS effector protein NleC of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is a Zn-dependent metalloprotease and suppresses innate immune responses by directly targeting the NF-κB signaling pathway. Many pathogenic bacteria release potent bacterial toxins of the A-B type, which-in contrast to the direct cytoplasmic injection of T3SS effector proteins-are released first into the environment. In this study, we found that NleC displays characteristics of bacterial A-B toxins, when applied to eukaryotic cells as a recombinant protein. Although lacking a B subunit, that typically mediates the uptake of toxins, recombinant NleC (rNleC) induces endocytosis via lipid rafts and follows the endosomal-lysosomal pathway. The conformation of rNleC is altered by low pH to facilitate its escape from acidified endosomes. This is reminiscent of the homologous A-B toxin AIP56 of the fish pathogen Photobacterium damselae piscicida ( Phdp ). The recombinant protease NleC is functional inside eukaryotic cells and cleaves p65 of the NF-κB pathway. Here, we describe the endocytic uptake mechanism of rNleC, characterize its intracellular trafficking and demonstrate that its specific activity of cleaving p65 requires activation of host cells e.g., by IL1β. Further, we propose an evolutionary link between some T3SS effector proteins and bacterial toxins from apparently unrelated bacteria. In summary, these properties might suggest rNleC as an interesting candidate for future applications as a potential therapeutic against immune disorders.

ARC-2008-ACD08-0260-024

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-11-04

K-10 (red) plaentary rover at Marscape (Ames Mars Yard): with prototype flight control team remotely operating K-10 'Red' from Ames Future Flight Centeral (FFC) Simulator, L-R; Kip Hodges, Mark Helper, Marwan Hussein, Pascal Lee, Melissa Rice, Trey Smith, David Lees

9. Photocopy of painting (Painted by the architect, Mr. Lee ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

9. Photocopy of painting (Painted by the architect, Mr. Lee and presented to the Rev. J.J. Roberts, Rector, 1853-1866) April 1960 EXTERIOR, GENERAL VIEW - Church of the Holy Cross, State Route 261, Stateburg, Sumter County, SC

AUTHOR MARGOT LEE SHETTERLY SPEAKS AT MSFC WOMEN'S HISTORY MONTH

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-03-07

DIANE CAIN, STANDING NEAR CENTER, OF NASA MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CENTER'S OFFICE OF HUMAN CAPITAL, SPEAKS TO AN AUDIENCE GATHERED FOR AN AGENCY-WIDE LIVESTREAM PRESENTATION BY AUTHOR MARGOT LEE SHETTERLY FROM NASA'S LANGLEY RESEARCH CENTER ON MARCH 7

50 CFR 226.217 - Critical habitat for the Gulf of Maine Distinct Population Segment of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

..., Herseytown Plt, Kingman Twp, Lee, Lincoln, Mattawamkeag, Mount Chase, Patten, Prentiss Twp T7 R3 NBPP..., Hudson, Indian Island, Kenduskeag, Lagrange, Lakeville, Lee, Levant, Lincoln, Lowell, Mattamiscontis Twp...

50 CFR 226.217 - Critical habitat for the Gulf of Maine Distinct Population Segment of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

..., Herseytown Plt, Kingman Twp, Lee, Lincoln, Mattawamkeag, Mount Chase, Patten, Prentiss Twp T7 R3 NBPP..., Hudson, Indian Island, Kenduskeag, Lagrange, Lakeville, Lee, Levant, Lincoln, Lowell, Mattamiscontis Twp...

Comment on "Combination of cupric ion with hydroxylamine and hydrogen peroxide for the control of bacterial biofilms on RO membranes by Hye-Jin Lee, Hyung-Eun Kim, Changha Lee [Water Research 110, 2017, 83-90]".

PubMed

Chen, Long; Peng, Ying; Tang, Min; Wu, Feng

2017-07-01

The methodology employed by Lee et al. to terminate their bactericidal assays was found to be flawed via our demonstrations. Briefly, EDTA or sulfite combining with cupric ion did not fully terminate, and instead even boosted the P. aeruginosa death. We therefore suggested them to seek for other means of reaction termination, such as the combination of buffering agent PBS and Cu(II)-complexing agent EDTA. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Effect of metal stress on the thermal infrared emission of soybeans: A greenhouse experiment - Possible utility in remote sensing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Suresh, R.; Schwaller, M. R.; Foy, C. D.; Weidner, J. R.; Schnetzler, C. S.

1989-01-01

Manganese-sensitive forest and manganese-tolerant lee soybean cultivars were subjected to differential manganese stress in loring soil in a greenhouse experiment. Leaf temperature measurements were made using thermistors for forest and lee. Manganese-stressed plants had higher leaf temperatures than control plants in both forest and lee. Results of this experiment have potential applications in metal stress detection using remote sensing thermal infrared data over large areas of vegetation. This technique can be useful in reconnaissance mineral exploration in densely-vegetated regions where conventional ground-based methods are of little help.

Characterization of Bulk GaN Crystals Grown From Solution at Near Atmospheric Pressure

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-01-01

pressureN.Y. Garces a,n, B.N. Feigelson a, J.A. Freitas Jra, Jihyun Kimb, R.L. Myers-Ward a, E.R. Glaser a a Naval Research Laboratory, Codes 6877, 6882...Lee, I.J. Song, Appl. Phys. Lett. 79 (2001) 2570. [13] J.A. Freitas Jr., W.J. Moore, B.V. Shanabrook, G.C.B. Braga, S.K. Lee, S.S. Park , J.Y. Han...Morkoc, S.S. Park , K.Y. Lee, Appl. Phys. Lett. 78 (2001) 3041. [17] J.A. Freitas Jr., G.C.B. Braga, W.J. Moore, J.G. Tischler, J.C. Culbertson, M

Perron-Frobenius theorem on the superfluid transition of an ultracold Fermi gas

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sakumichi, Naoyuki; Kawakami, Norio; Ueda, Masahito

2014-05-01

The Perron-Frobenius theorem is applied to identify the superfluid transition of the BCS-BEC crossover based on a cluster expansion method of Lee and Yang. Here, the cluster expansion is a systematic expansion of the equation of state (EOS) in terms of the fugacity z = exp (βμ) as βpλ3 = 2 z +b2z2 +b3z3 + ⋯ , with inverse temperature β =(kB T) - 1 , chemical potential μ, pressure p, and thermal de Broglie length λ =(2 πℏβ / m) 1 / 2 . According to the method of Lee and Yang, EOS is expressed by the Lee-Yang graphs. A singularity of an infinite series of ladder-type Lee-Yang graphs is analyzed. We point out that the singularity is governed by the Perron-Frobenius eigenvalue of a certain primitive matrix which is defined in terms of the two-body cluster functions and the Fermi distribution functions. As a consequence, it is found that there exists a unique fugacity at the phase transition point, which implies that there is no fragmentation of Bose-Einstein condensates of dimers and Cooper pairs at the ladder-approximation level of Lee-Yang graphs. An application to a BEC of strongly bounded dimers is also made.

Forecasting selected specific age mortality rate of Malaysia by using Lee-Carter model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shukri Kamaruddin, Halim; Ismail, Noriszura

2018-03-01

Observing mortality pattern and trend is an important subject for any country to maintain a good social-economy in the next projection years. The declining in mortality trend gives a good impression of what a government has done towards macro citizen in one nation. Selecting a particular mortality model can be a tricky based on the approached method adapting. Lee-Carter model is adapted because of its simplicity and reliability of the outcome results with approach of regression. Implementation of Lee-Carter in finding a fitted model and hence its projection has been used worldwide in most of mortality research in developed countries. This paper studies the mortality pattern of Malaysia in the past by using original model of Lee-Carter (1992) and hence its cross-sectional observation for a single age. The data is indexed by age of death and year of death from 1984 to 2012, in which are supplied by Department of Statistics Malaysia. The results are modelled by using RStudio and the keen analysis will focus on the trend and projection of mortality rate and age specific mortality rate in the future. This paper can be extended to different variants extensions of Lee-Carter or any stochastic mortality tool by using Malaysia mortality experience as a centre of the main issue.

Effects of current crowding on light extraction efficiency of conventional GaN-based light-emitting diodes.

PubMed

Cao, Bin; Li, Shuiming; Hu, Run; Zhou, Shengjun; Sun, Yi; Gan, Zhiying; Liu, Sheng

2013-10-21

Current crowding effects (CCEs) on light extraction efficiency (LEE) of conventional GaN-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are analyzed through Monte Carlo ray-tracing simulation. The non-uniform radiative power distribution of the active layer of the Monte Carlo model is obtained based on the current spreading theory and rate equation. The simulation results illustrate that CCE around n-pad (n-CCE) has little effect on LEE, while CCE around p-pad (p-CCE) results in a notable LEE droop due to the significant absorption of photons emitted under p-pad. LEE droop is alleviated by a SiO₂ current blocking layer (CBL) and reflective p-pad. Compared to the conventional LEDs without CBL, the simulated LEE of LEDs with CBL at 20 A/cm² and 70 A/cm² is enhanced by 7.7% and 19.0%, respectively. It is further enhanced by 7.6% and 11.4% after employing a reflective p-pad due to decreased absorption. These enhancements are in accordance with the experimental results. Output power of LEDs with CBL is enhanced by 8.7% and 18.2% at 20 A/cm² and 70 A/cm², respectively. And the reflective p-pad results in a further enhancement of 8.9% and 12.7%.

Light extraction efficiency analysis of GaN-based light-emitting diodes with nanopatterned sapphire substrates.

PubMed

Pan, Jui-Wen; Tsai, Pei-Jung; Chang, Kao-Der; Chang, Yung-Yuan

2013-03-01

In this paper, we propose a method to analyze the light extraction efficiency (LEE) enhancement of a nanopatterned sapphire substrates (NPSS) light-emitting diode (LED) by comparing wave optics software with ray optics software. Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations represent the wave optics software and Light Tools (LTs) simulations represent the ray optics software. First, we find the trends of and an optimal solution for the LEE enhancement when the 2D-FDTD simulations are used to save on simulation time and computational memory. The rigorous coupled-wave analysis method is utilized to explain the trend we get from the 2D-FDTD algorithm. The optimal solution is then applied in 3D-FDTD and LTs simulations. The results are similar and the difference in LEE enhancement between the two simulations does not exceed 8.5% in the small LED chip area. More than 10(4) times computational memory is saved during the LTs simulation in comparison to the 3D-FDTD simulation. Moreover, LEE enhancement from the side of the LED can be obtained in the LTs simulation. An actual-size NPSS LED is simulated using the LTs. The results show a more than 307% improvement in the total LEE enhancement of the NPSS LED with the optimal solution compared to the conventional LED.

Preliminary results of Malaysian nuclear agency plasma focus (MNA-PF) as a slow focus mode device for argon and deuterium filling gas in correlation with Lee model code

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zin, M. F. M.; Baijan, A. H.; Damideh, V.; Hashim, S. A.; Sabri, R. M.

2017-03-01

In this work, preliminary results of MNA-PF device as a Slow Focus Mode device are presented. Four different kinds of Rogowski Coils which have been designed and constructed for dI/dt signals measurements show that response frequency of Rogowski Coil can affect signal time resolution and delay which can change the discharge circuit inductance. Experimental results for 10 to 20 mbar Deuterium and 0.5 mbar to 6 mbar Argon which are captured by 630 MHz Rogowski coil in correlation with Lee Model Code are presented. Proper current fitting using Lee Model Code shows that the speed factor for MNA-PF device working with 13 mbar Deuterium is 30 kA/cm.torr1/2 at 14 kV which indicates that the device is operating at slow focus mode. Model parameters fm and fmr predicted by Lee Model Code during current fitting for 13 mbar Deuterium at 14kV were 0.025 and 0.31 respectively. Microspec-4 Neutron Detector was used to obtain the dose rate which was found to be maximum at 4.78 uSv/hr and also the maximum neutron yield calculated from Lee Model Code is 7.5E+03 neutron per shot.

Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β Dictates Podocyte Motility and Focal Adhesion Turnover by Modulating Paxillin Activity

PubMed Central

Xu, Weiwei; Ge, Yan; Liu, Zhihong; Gong, Rujun

2015-01-01

Aberrant focal adhesion turnover is centrally involved in podocyte actin cytoskeleton disorganization and foot process effacement. The structural and dynamic integrity of focal adhesions is orchestrated by multiple cell signaling molecules, including glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), a multitasking kinase lately identified as a mediator of kidney injury. However, the role of GSK3β in podocytopathy remains obscure. In doxorubicin (Adriamycin)-injured podocytes, lithium, a GSK3β inhibitor and neuroprotective mood stabilizer, obliterated the accelerated focal adhesion turnover, rectified podocyte hypermotility, and restored actin cytoskeleton integrity. Mechanistically, lithium counteracted the doxorubicin-elicited GSK3β overactivity and the hyperphosphorylation and overactivation of paxillin, a focal adhesion–associated adaptor protein. Moreover, forced expression of a dominant negative kinase dead mutant of GSK3β highly mimicked, whereas ectopic expression of a constitutively active GSK3β mutant abolished, the effect of lithium in doxorubicin-injured podocytes, suggesting that the effect of lithium is mediated, at least in part, through inhibition of GSK3β. Furthermore, paxillin interacted with GSK3β and served as its substrate. In mice with doxorubicin nephropathy, a single low dose of lithium ameliorated proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis. Consistently, lithium therapy abrogated GSK3β overactivity, blunted paxillin hyperphosphorylation, and reinstated actin cytoskeleton integrity in glomeruli associated with an early attenuation of podocyte foot process effacement. Thus, GSK3β-modulated focal adhesion dynamics might serve as a novel therapeutic target for podocytopathy. PMID:25239564

A four-culture study of self-enhancement and adjustment using the social relations model: do alternative conceptualizations and indices make a difference?

PubMed

Church, A Timothy; Katigbak, Marcia S; Mazuera Arias, Rina; Rincon, Brigida Carolina; Vargas-Flores, José de Jesús; Ibáñez-Reyes, Joselina; Wang, Lei; Alvarez, Juan M; Wang, Congcong; Ortiz, Fernando A

2014-06-01

In the self-enhancement literature, 2 major controversies remain--whether self-enhancement is a cultural universal and whether it is healthy or maladaptive. Use of the social relations model (SRM; Kenny, 1994) might facilitate resolution of these controversies. We applied the SRM with a round-robin design in both friend and family contexts in 4 diverse cultures: the United States (n = 399), Mexico (n = 413), Venezuela (n = 290), and China (n = 222). Results obtained with social comparison, self-insight, and SRM conceptualizations and indices of self-enhancement were compared for both agentic traits (i.e., egoistic bias) and communal traits (i.e., moralistic bias). Conclusions regarding cultural differences in the prevalence of self-enhancement vs. self-effacement tendencies, and the relationship between self-enhancement and adjustment, varied depending on the index of self-enhancement used. For example, consistent with cultural psychology perspectives, Chinese showed a greater tendency to self-efface than self-enhance using social comparison and self-insight indices, particularly on communal traits in the friend context. However, no cultural differences were observed when perceiver and target effects were controlled using the SRM indices. In all cultures, self-enhancement indices were moderately consistent across friend and family contexts, suggesting traitlike tendencies. To a similar extent in all 4 cultures, self-enhancement tendencies, as measured by the SRM indices, were moderately related to self-rated adjustment, but unrelated, or less so, to observer-rated adjustment.

33. VIEW OF TIOGA ROAD DESCENDING LEE VINING CANYON. SAME ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

33. VIEW OF TIOGA ROAD DESCENDING LEE VINING CANYON. SAME VIEW AS CA-149-3. LOOKING ESE. GIS: N-37 56 58.2 / W-119 13 28.1 - Tioga Road, Between Crane Flat & Tioga Pass, Yosemite Village, Mariposa County, CA

4. VISTA POINT AND INTERPRETIVE PLAQUE AT LEE VINING CANYON. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

4. VISTA POINT AND INTERPRETIVE PLAQUE AT LEE VINING CANYON. NOTE ROAD CUT ON CANYON WALL. LOOKING NNE. GIS: N-37 56 30.3 / 119 13 44.8 - Tioga Road, Between Crane Flat & Tioga Pass, Yosemite Village, Mariposa County, CA

8. Historic American Buildings Survey Photocopy of an old view, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

8. Historic American Buildings Survey Photocopy of an old view, ca. 1920 From collection of Anna B. Scherer, Lees Summit, Mo. SOUTHEAST AND NORTHEAST FACADES WITH GARAGE/POWERHOUSE PRIOR TO GREENHOUSE MANGER'S HOUSE - Longview Farm, Greenhouses, Lees Summit, Jackson County, MO

Computation and Theory in Large-Scale Optimization

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-01-13

Sang Jin Lee. Research Assistant. - Laura Morley, Research Assistant. - Yonca A. Ozge , Research Assistant. - Stephen M. Robinson. Professor. - Hichem...other participants. M.N. Azadez. S.J. Lee. Y.A. Ozge . and H. Sellami are continuing students in the doctoral program (in Industrial Engineering except

A Comparison Between Internal Waves Observed in the Southern Ocean and Lee Wave Generation Theory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nikurashin, M.; Benthuysen, J.; Naveira Garabato, A.; Polzin, K. L.

2016-02-01

Direct observations in the Southern Ocean report enhanced internal wave activity and turbulence in a few kilometers above rough bottom topography. The enhancement is co-located with the deep-reaching fronts of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, suggesting that the internal waves and turbulence are sustained by near-bottom flows interacting with rough topography. Recent numerical simulations confirm that oceanic flows impinging on rough small-scale topography are very effective generators of internal gravity waves and predict vigorous wave radiation, breaking, and turbulence within a kilometer above bottom. However, a linear lee wave generation theory applied to the observed bottom topography and mean flow characteristics has been shown to overestimate the observed rates of the turbulent energy dissipation. In this study, we compare the linear lee wave theory with the internal wave kinetic energy estimated from finestructure data collected as part of the Diapycnal and Isopycnal Mixing Experiment in the Southern Ocean (DIMES). We show that the observed internal wave kinetic energy levels are generally in agreement with the theory. Consistent with the lee wave theory, the observed internal wave kinetic energy scales quadratically with the mean flow speed, stratification, and topographic roughness. The correlation coefficient between the observed internal wave kinetic energy and mean flow and topography parameters reaches 0.6-0.8 for the 100-800 m vertical wavelengths, consistent with the dominant lee wave wavelengths, and drops to 0.2-0.5 for wavelengths outside this range. A better agreement between the lee wave theory and the observed internal wave kinetic energy than the observed turbulent energy dissipation suggests remote breaking of internal waves.

Vertical structure and microphysical characteristics of precipitation on the high terrain and lee side of the Olympic Mountains

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zagrodnik, J. P.; McMurdie, L. A.; Houze, R.

2017-12-01

As mid-latitude cyclones pass over coastal mountain ranges, the processes producing their clouds and precipitation are modified when they encounter complex terrain, leading to a maximum in precipitation fallout on the windward slopes and a minimum on the lee side. The precipitation that does reach the high terrain and lee side of a mountain range can be theoretically determined by a complex interaction between the dynamics of air lifting over the terrain, the thermodynamics of moist air, and the microphysical time required to grow particles large enough to fall out. To date, there have been few observational studies that have focused on the nonlinear microphysical processes contributing to the variability of precipitation that is received on the lee side slopes of a mountain range such as the Olympic Mountains. The 2015-16 Olympic Mountains Experiment (OLYMPEX) collected unprecedented observations on the high terrain and lee side of the Olympic Mountains including frequent soundings on Vancouver Island, dual-polarization Doppler radar, multi-frequency airborne radar, and ground-based particle size and crystal habit observations at the higher elevation Hurricane Ridge site. We utilize these observations to examine the evolution of the vertical structure and microphysical precipitation characteristics over the high terrain and leeside within the context of large-scale dynamic and thermodynamic conditions that evolve during the passage of cold season mid-latitude cyclones. The primary goal is to determine the degree to which the observed variability in lee side precipitation amount and microphysical properties are controlled by variations in temperature, flow speed and direction, shear, and stability associated with characteristic synoptic storm sectors and frontal passages.

Ghost busting: PT-symmetric interpretation of the Lee model

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bender, Carl M.; Brandt, Sebastian F.; Chen, J.-H.

2005-01-15

The Lee model was introduced in the 1950s as an elementary quantum field theory in which mass, wave function, and charge renormalization could be carried out exactly. In early studies of this model it was found that there is a critical value of g{sup 2}, the square of the renormalized coupling constant, above which g{sub 0}{sup 2}, the square of the unrenormalized coupling constant, is negative. Thus, for g{sup 2} larger than this critical value, the Hamiltonian of the Lee model becomes non-Hermitian. It was also discovered that in this non-Hermitian regime a new state appears whose norm is negative.more » This state is called a ghost state. It has always been assumed that in this ghost regime the Lee model is an unacceptable quantum theory because unitarity appears to be violated. However, in this regime while the Hamiltonian is not Hermitian, it does possess PT symmetry. It has recently been discovered that a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian having PT symmetry may define a quantum theory that is unitary. The proof of unitarity requires the construction of a new time-independent operator called C. In terms of C one can define a new inner product with respect to which the norms of the states in the Hilbert space are positive. Furthermore, it has been shown that time evolution in such a theory is unitary. In this paper the C operator for the Lee model in the ghost regime is constructed in the V/N{theta} sector. It is then shown that the ghost state has a positive norm and that the Lee model is an acceptable unitary quantum field theory for all values of g{sup 2}.« less

Analysis and functional annotation of expressed sequence tags from in vitro cell lines of elasmobranchs: spiny dogfish shark (Squalus acanthias) and little skate (Leucoraja erinacea)

PubMed Central

Parton, Angela; Bayne, Christopher J.; Barnes, David W.

2010-01-01

Elasmobranchs are the most commonly used experimental models among the jawed, cartilaginous fish (Chondrichthyes). Previously we developed cell lines from embryos of two elasmobranchs, Squalus acanthias the spiny dogfish shark (SAE line), and Leucoraja erinacea the little skate (LEE-1 line). From these lines cDNA libraries were derived and expressed sequence tags (ESTs) generated. From the SAE cell line 4303 unique transcripts were identified, with 1848 of these representing unknown sequences (showing no BLASTX identification). From the LEE-1 cell line, 3660 unique transcripts were identified, and unknown, unique sequences totaled 1333. Gene Ontology (GO) annotation showed that GO assignments for the two cell lines were in general similar. These results suggest that the procedures used to derive the cell lines led to isolation of cell types of the same general embryonic origin from both species. The LEE-1 transcripts included GO categories “envelope” and “oxidoreductase activity” but the SAE transcripts did not. GO analysis of SAE transcripts identified the category “anatomical structure formation” that was not present in LEE-1 cells. Increased organelle compartments may exist within LEE-1 cells compared to SAE cells, and the higher oxidoreductase activity in LEE-1 cells may indicate a role for these cells in responses associated with innate immunity or in steroidogenesis. These EST libraries from elasmobranch cell lines provide information for assembly of genomic sequences and are useful in revealing gene diversity, new genes and molecular markers, as well as in providing means for elucidation of full-length cDNAs and probes for gene array analyses. This is the first study of this type with members of the Chondrichthyes. PMID:20471924

Analysis and functional annotation of expressed sequence tags from in vitro cell lines of elasmobranchs: Spiny dogfish shark (Squalus acanthias) and little skate (Leucoraja erinacea).

PubMed

Parton, Angela; Bayne, Christopher J; Barnes, David W

2010-09-01

Elasmobranchs are the most commonly used experimental models among the jawed, cartilaginous fish (Chondrichthyes). Previously we developed cell lines from embryos of two elasmobranchs, Squalus acanthias the spiny dogfish shark (SAE line), and Leucoraja erinacea the little skate (LEE-1 line). From these lines cDNA libraries were derived and expressed sequence tags (ESTs) generated. From the SAE cell line 4303 unique transcripts were identified, with 1848 of these representing unknown sequences (showing no BLASTX identification). From the LEE-1 cell line, 3660 unique transcripts were identified, and unknown, unique sequences totaled 1333. Gene Ontology (GO) annotation showed that GO assignments for the two cell lines were in general similar. These results suggest that the procedures used to derive the cell lines led to isolation of cell types of the same general embryonic origin from both species. The LEE-1 transcripts included GO categories "envelope" and "oxidoreductase activity" but the SAE transcripts did not. GO analysis of SAE transcripts identified the category "anatomical structure formation" that was not present in LEE-1 cells. Increased organelle compartments may exist within LEE-1 cells compared to SAE cells, and the higher oxidoreductase activity in LEE-1 cells may indicate a role for these cells in responses associated with innate immunity or in steroidogenesis. These EST libraries from elasmobranch cell lines provide information for assembly of genomic sequences and are useful in revealing gene diversity, new genes and molecular markers, as well as in providing means for elucidation of full-length cDNAs and probes for gene array analyses. This is the first study of this type with members of the Chondrichthyes. Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Optimization Evaluation: Lee Chemical Superfund Site, City Of Liberty, Clay County, Missouri

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The Lee Chemical Superfund Site (site) is located along Missouri Highway 210 in Liberty, Missouri, approximately 15 miles east of Kansas City, Missouri. Currently, the site is a vacant lot of approximately2.5 acres in a flat alluvial plain.

Courtland Lee: A Global Advocate for Counseling

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gladding, Samuel T.

2011-01-01

Courtland Lee is exemplary in his accomplishments nationally and internationally. His academic achievements are notable in multicultural counseling and social justice. His leadership in counseling has been outstanding with his having served as president of the American Counseling Association, the Association for Multicultural Counseling and…

77 FR 65690 - Change in Bank Control Notices; Formations of, Acquisitions by, and Mergers of Bank Holding...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-30

..., Mike Lee Mackey, all of Alva, Oklahoma; and Warren Dean Hughes, Carmen, Oklahoma, is revised to read as... Russell Murrow, Mike Lee Mackey, all of Alva, Oklahoma; and Warren Dean Hughes, Carmen, Oklahoma; as a...

Evaluation of light extraction efficiency for the light-emitting diodes based on the transfer matrix formalism and ray-tracing method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pingbo, An; Li, Wang; Hongxi, Lu; Zhiguo, Yu; Lei, Liu; Xin, Xi; Lixia, Zhao; Junxi, Wang; Jinmin, Li

2016-06-01

The internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of the light-emitting diodes can be calculated by the ratio of the external quantum efficiency (EQE) and the light extraction efficiency (LEE). The EQE can be measured experimentally, but the LEE is difficult to calculate due to the complicated LED structures. In this work, a model was established to calculate the LEE by combining the transfer matrix formalism and an in-plane ray tracing method. With the calculated LEE, the IQE was determined and made a good agreement with that obtained by the ABC model and temperature-dependent photoluminescence method. The proposed method makes the determination of the IQE more practical and conventional. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.11574306, 61334009), the China International Science and Technology Cooperation Program (No. 2014DFG62280), and the National High Technology Program of China (No. 2015AA03A101).

Entamoeba histolytica-secreted cysteine proteases induce IL-8 production in human mast cells via a PAR2-independent mechanism.

PubMed

Lee, Young Ah; Nam, Young Hee; Min, Arim; Kim, Kyeong Ah; Nozaki, Tomoyoshi; Saito-Nakano, Yumiko; Mirelman, David; Shin, Myeong Heon

2014-01-01

Entamoeba histolytica is an extracellular tissue parasite causing colitis and occasional liver abscess in humans. E. histolytica-derived secretory products (SPs) contain large amounts of cysteine proteases (CPs), one of the important amoebic virulence factors. Although tissue-residing mast cells play an important role in the mucosal inflammatory response to this pathogen, it is not known whether the SPs induce mast cell activation. In this study, when human mast cells (HMC-1 cells) were stimulated with SPs collected from pathogenic wild-type amoebae, interleukin IL-8 mRNA expression and production were significantly increased compared with cells incubated with medium alone. Inhibition of CP activity in the SPs with heat or the CP inhibitor E64 resulted in significant reduction of IL-8 production. Moreover, SPs obtained from inhibitors of cysteine protease (ICP)-overexpressing amoebae with low CP activity showed weaker stimulatory effects on IL-8 production than the wild-type control. Preincubation of HMC-1 cells with antibodies to human protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) did not affect the SP-induced IL-8 production. These results suggest that cysteine proteases in E. histolytica-derived secretory products stimulate mast cells to produce IL-8 via a PAR2-independent mechanism, which contributes to IL-8-mediated tissue inflammatory responses during the early phase of human amoebiasis. © Y.A. Lee et al., published by EDP Sciences, 2014.

The effect of enterohemorrhagic E. coli infection on the cell mechanics of host cells.

PubMed

Chen, Yin-Quan; Su, Pin-Tzu; Chen, Yu-Hsuan; Wei, Ming-Tzo; Huang, Chien-Hsiu; Osterday, Kathryn; del Álamo, Juan C; Syu, Wan-Jr; Chiou, Arthur

2014-01-01

Enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) is a type of human pathogenic bacteria. The main virulence characteristics of EHEC include the formation of attaching and effacing lesions (A/E lesions) and the production of one or more Shiga-like toxins, which may induce human uremic complications. When EHEC infects host cells, it releases translocated intimin receptor (Tir) and effector proteins inside the host cells, inducing the rearrangement and accumulation of the F-actin cytoskeleton, a phenotype leading to the formation of pedestals in the apical cell surface, and the growth of stress fibers at the base of the cells. To examine the effect of EHEC infection on cell mechanics, we carried out a series of experiments to examine HeLa cells with and without EHEC infection to quantify the changes in (1) focal adhesion area, visualized by anti-vinculin staining; (2) the distribution and orientation of stress fibers; and (3) the intracellular viscoelasticity, via directional video particle tracking microrheology. Our results indicated that in EHEC-infected HeLa cells, the focal adhesion area increased and the actin stress fibers became thicker and more aligned. The cytoskeletal reorganization induced by EHEC infection mediated a dramatic increase in the cytoplasmic elastic shear modulus of the infected cells, and a transition in the viscoelastic behavior of the cells from viscous-like to elastic-like. These changes in mechanobiological characteristics might modulate the attachments between EHEC and the host cell to withstand exfoliation, and between the host cell and the extracellular matrix, and might also alter epithelial integrity.

Proceedings of the Annual U.S. Army Operations Research Symposium (13th) , AORS XIII, Held at Fort Lee, Virginia on 29 October - 1 November 1974, Co- Hosted by Army Logistics Center, Fort Lee, Virginia and Army Quartermaster Center and Fort Lee, Virginia. Volume 1

DTIC Science & Technology

1974-11-01

Challenge to Operations Research" 263 Mr. R. H. Adams Mr..F. P. Paca Mr. A. T. Sylvester "A Combat Rates Logistics Analysis...Staff; if we average a tour of duty in the Pentagon as three years, the Army has had eight successive generations of planners and operators in the...doctrine, originally enunciated for Greece and Turkey, brought the Army full tilt into the Military Assistance Program ( MAP ) as this contributed to

JFK in Blackface: Spike Lee's "Malcolm X."

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Walker, Clarence E.

1993-01-01

Discusses the failure of filmmaker Spike Lee to grapple with the real politics of Malcolm X before and after he left the Nation of Islam. Acknowledging the complexity of the man and his context would avoid creating a mythical figure similar to Oliver Stone's movie "JFK." (SLD)

Investigation of Attitudinal Differences among Individuals of Different Employment Status

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-10-28

be included in order to statistically control for common method variance (see Podsakoff , MacKenzie, Lee, & Podsakoff , 2003). Results Hypotheses 1...social identity theory. Social Psychology Quarterly, 58, 255-269. Podsakoff , P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J., & Podsakoff , N. P. (2003). Common method

Evaluation of an adaptive traffic signal system : route 291 in Lee's Summit, Missouri.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-03-01

An adaptive traffic signal system was installed on a 12-signal, 2.5-mi arterial in Lees Summit, Missouri in the Spring : of 2008. An evaluation of travel time, delay, number of stops, fuel consumption, and emissions was conducted, which : compared...

1. FLOOR PLANS (from sheet of drawings titled 'Alterations for ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. FLOOR PLANS (from sheet of drawings titled 'Alterations for Miss Alice Lee, San Diego California, 1911.' Original in the Art Galleries, University of California, Santa Barbara. Copied for the HABS Collection, 1975) - Alice Lee House, 3578 Seventh Avenue, San Diego, San Diego County, CA

75 FR 7600 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Proposed Collection; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-02-22

... suicide prevention; perceived and personal stigma related to depression and mental health seeking; and... Project: Cross-Site Evaluation of the Garrett Lee Smith Memorial Suicide Prevention and Early Intervention... the Garrett Lee Smith Memorial Youth Suicide Prevention and Early Intervention State/Tribal Programs...

Electron and Ion Conductivity Calculations using the Model of Lee and More

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hayes, John C.

The following notes describe the ARES implementation of the inverse of the electron conduction coefficient, using the model of Lee and More, Physics of Fluids 27, page 1273, 1984. An addendum describing the modifications for analogous ion conduction coeffiecient appears at the bottom.

T. J. Lee Presents Plaque to Vice President Dan Quayle

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1992-01-01

Vice President Dan Quayle holds up an inscribed plaque presented by Marshall Space Flight Center Director T. J. Lee (right) during Quayle's August 31, 1992 visit. While at Marshall, Quayle participated in a roundtable discussion with aerospace managers and addressed Center employees in Building 4755.

Individualism-collectivism and personality.

PubMed

Triandis, H C

2001-12-01

This paper provides a review of the main findings concerning the relationship between the cultural syndromes of individualism and collectivism and personality. People in collectivist cultures, compared to people in individualist cultures, are likely to define themselves as aspects of groups, to give priority to in-group goals, to focus on context more than the content in making attributions and in communicating, to pay less attention to internal than to external processes as determinants of social behavior, to define most relationships with ingroup members as communal, to make more situational attributions, and tend to be self-effacing.

Light-Output Enhancement of GaN-Based Light-Emitting Diodes with Three-Dimensional Backside Reflectors Patterned by Microscale Cone Array

PubMed Central

Hu, Jinyong; Wang, Hong

2014-01-01

Three-dimensional (3D) backside reflector, compared with flat reflectors, can improve the probability of finding the escape cone for reflecting lights and thus enhance the light-extraction efficiency (LEE) for GaN-based light-emitting diode (LED) chips. A triangle-lattice of microscale SiO2 cone array followed by a 16-pair Ti3O5/SiO2 distributed Bragg reflector (16-DBR) was proposed to be attached on the backside of sapphire substrate, and the light-output enhancement was demonstrated by numerical simulation and experiments. The LED chips with flat reflectors or 3D reflectors were simulated using Monte Carlo ray tracing method. It is shown that the LEE increases as the reflectivity of backside reflector increases, and the light-output can be significantly improved by 3D reflectors compared to flat counterparts. It can also be observed that the LEE decreases as the refractive index of the cone material increases. The 3D 16-DBR patterned by microscale SiO2 cone array benefits large enhancement of LEE. This microscale pattern was prepared by standard photolithography and wet-etching technique. Measurement results show that the 3D 16-DBR can provide 12.1% enhancement of wall-plug efficiency, which is consistent with the simulated value of 11.73% for the enhancement of LEE. PMID:25133262

Selective Migration among Southern Blacks: A Reinterpretation of Lee (1951).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wolff, JosePh L.

1979-01-01

Explanations of differences in IQs of Northern and Southern Blacks focus on selective migration (hereditarians) or environmental causes such as education, discrimination and cultural deprivation. In this paper the environmentalist position is questioned and certain neglected features of Lee's data are construed as providing strong evidence for…

The Icarus challenge - Predicting vulnerability to climate change using an algorithm-based species' trait approach

EPA Science Inventory

The Icarus challenge - Predicting vulnerability to climate change using an algorithm-based species’ trait approachHenry Lee II, Christina Folger, Deborah A. Reusser, Patrick Clinton, and Rene Graham1 U.S. EPA, Western Ecology Division, Newport, OR USA E-mail: lee.henry@ep...

ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY VERIFICATION REPORT, C. LEE COOK DIVISION, DOVER CORPORATION, STATIC PAC (TM) SYSTEM, PHASE II REPORT

EPA Science Inventory

The Environmental Technology Verification report discusses the technology and performance of the Static Pac System, Phase II, natural gas reciprocating compressor rod packing manufactured by the C. Lee Cook Division, Dover Corporation. The Static Pac System is designed to seal th...

"Lee v. Weisman": The Tenth Justice Takes Aim at the "Lemon" Test.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Johnson, T. Page

1991-01-01

U.S. Solicitor General Kenneth W. Starr has asked the Supreme Court to abandon the Establishment Clause it formulated in "Lemon v. Kurtzman" (1971) for cases involving governmental accommodation of religion in civic life. Starr's "amicus curiae" in "Lee v. Weisman" questions the clause's persistent tendency to…

Prayer and University Commencement: Application of "Lee v. Weisman."

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Colwell, W. Bradley; Thurston, Paul W.

1995-01-01

Discusses reasons why the "Lee v. Weisman" Supreme Court decision that held unconstitutional a Rhode Island school policy for prayer at a junior high school commencement does not extend to the university level. Concludes that an appropriately worded commencement prayer could pass the three-part "Lemon" threshold and not violate…

The Garrett Lee Smith Memorial Suicide Prevention Program

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goldston, David B.; Walrath, Christine M.; McKeon, Richard; Puddy, Richard W.; Lubell, Keri M.; Potter, Lloyd B.; Rodi, Michael S.

2010-01-01

In response to calls for greater efforts to reduce youth suicide, the Garrett Lee Smith (GLS) Memorial Act has provided funding for 68 state, territory, and tribal community grants, and 74 college campus grants for suicide prevention efforts. Suicide prevention activities supported by GLS grantees have included education, training programs…

Formic Acid Investigation for the Prediction of High Explosive Detonation Properties and Performance

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-07-01

determine constants of the Jones-Wilkins-Lee ( JWL ) and Jones-Wilkins-Lee- Baker (JWLB) thermodynamic equations of state for hydrocode calculations by the...empirical JWL relationships for a number of explosives. Similarly, calculated cylinder velocities at 7 area expansions were within 1% of

Handbook of Asian American Psychology.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lee, Lee C., Ed.; Zane, Nolan W. S., Ed.

This handbook integrates descriptions and evaluations of current psychological research on all ethnic subgroups of Asian Americans, providing insights into the diverse and varied nature of Asian American cultures. Following a Foreword by Dick Suinn, the chapters are: (1) "An Overview" (Lee C. Lee); (2) "Research Methods: The Construct Validity of…

75 FR 16838 - In the Matter of Certain Stringed Musical Instruments and Components Thereof (II); Notice of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-02

... the Tariff Act of 1930, as amended, 19 U.S.C. 1337, on behalf of Geoffrey Lee McCabe of Hollywood... shall be served: (a) The complainant is-- Geoffrey Lee McCabe, 6104 Glen Oak, Hollywood, CA 90068. (b...

77 FR 25480 - Update to Notice of Financial Institutions for Which the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-30

... [In alphabetical order] FDIC Ref. No. Bank name City State Date closed 10433 Fort Lee Federal Savings Fort Lee NJ 4/20/2012 Bank, FSB. [FR Doc. 2012-10330 Filed 4-27-12; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 6714-01-P ...

High Nitrogen Stainless Steel

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-07-19

STAINLESS STEEL by E. U. Lee R. Taylor 19 July 2011 Approved for...NAWCADPAX/TR-2011/162 19 July 2011 HIGH NITROGEN STAINLESS STEEL by E. U. Lee R. Taylor RELEASED BY...REPORT TYPE Technical Report 3. DATES COVERED 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER High Nitrogen Stainless Steel 5b. GRANT

Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy of Ruddlesden-Popper Srn+1TinO3n+1 (n = 1,2,3) Thin Films

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-01-29

permittivity, strontium compounds N. D. Orloff, W. Tian, C. J. Fennie , C. H. Lee, D. Gu, J. Mateu, X. X. Xi, K. M. Rabe, D. G. Schlom, I. Takeuchi, J...of Ruddlesden–Popper Srn+1TinO3n+1 (n = 1,2,3) thin films N. D. Orloff, W. Tian, C. J. Fennie , C. H. Lee, D. Gu et al. Citation: Appl. Phys. Lett... Fennie ,4 C. H. Lee,3,5 D. Gu,2 J. Mateu,6 X. X. Xi,5 K. M. Rabe,7 D. G. Schlom,3 I. Takeuchi,1 and J. C. Booth2 1Department of Materials Science and

Equivalent Hamiltonian for the Lee model

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jones, H. F.

2008-03-15

Using the techniques of quasi-Hermitian quantum mechanics and quantum field theory we use a similarity transformation to construct an equivalent Hermitian Hamiltonian for the Lee model. In the field theory confined to the V/N{theta} sector it effectively decouples V, replacing the three-point interaction of the original Lee model by an additional mass term for the V particle and a four-point interaction between N and {theta}. While the construction is originally motivated by the regime where the bare coupling becomes imaginary, leading to a ghost, it applies equally to the standard Hermitian regime where the bare coupling is real. In thatmore » case the similarity transformation becomes a unitary transformation.« less

The Brain Dead Patient Is Still Sentient: A Further Reply to Patrick Lee and Germain Grisez

PubMed Central

Austriaco, Nicanor Pier Giorgio

2016-01-01

Patrick Lee and Germain Grisez have argued that the total brain dead patient is still dead because the integrated entity that remains is not even an animal, not only because he is not sentient but also, and more importantly, because he has lost the radical capacity for sentience. In this essay, written from within and as a contribution to the Catholic philosophical tradition, I respond to Lee and Grisez’s argument by proposing that the brain dead patient is still sentient because an animal with an intact but severed spinal cord can still perceive and respond to external stimuli. The brain dead patient is an unconscious sentient organism. PMID:27089894

Lee Acculturation Dream Scale for Korean-American college students.

PubMed

Lee, Sang Bok

2005-04-01

This study examined acculturation as represented in dream narratives of 165 Korean immigrant college students living in the USA. A total of 165 dreams were collected and evaluated using the Lee Acculturation Dream Scale, for which locations of dream contents were coded. 39% of the dreams took place in South Korea, while 38% were in the USA. Also, 16% of the dreams included both locations, whereas 7% had no specific dream location. The dreams contained overlapping dream messages, images, scenes, and interactions in both South Korea and the USA. A two-sample t test on the mean scores of the Lee Acculturation Dream Scale indicated no significant difference between men and women.

Filament winding cylinders. II - Validation of the process model

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Calius, Emilio P.; Lee, Soo-Yong; Springer, George S.

1990-01-01

Analytical and experimental studies were performed to validate the model developed by Lee and Springer for simulating the manufacturing process of filament wound composite cylinders. First, results calculated by the Lee-Springer model were compared to results of the Calius-Springer thin cylinder model. Second, temperatures and strains calculated by the Lee-Springer model were compared to data. The data used in these comparisons were generated during the course of this investigation with cylinders made of Hercules IM-6G/HBRF-55 and Fiberite T-300/976 graphite-epoxy tows. Good agreement was found between the calculated and measured stresses and strains, indicating that the model is a useful representation of the winding and curing processes.

40 CFR 81.334 - North Carolina.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Lee County X Lenoir County X Lincoln County X McDowell County X Macon County X Madison County X Martin... Lee County X Lenoir County X Lincoln County X McDowell County X Macon County X Madison County X Martin... County Lenoir County Lincoln County Macon County Madison County Martin County McDowell County Mecklenburg...

14 CFR 93.307 - Minimum flight altitudes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

...) Marble Canyon Sector. Lees Ferry to Boundary Ridge: 6,000 feet MSL. (ii) Supai Sector. Boundary Ridge to... general aviation operations—(i) Marble Canyon Sector. Lees Ferry to Boundary Ridge: 8,000 feet MSL. (ii) Supai Sector. Boundary Ridge to Supai Point: 10,000 feet MSL. (iii) Diamond Creek Sector. Supai Point to...

Case Study: Lee's Summit West High School--Empowering Students to Succeed

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Southern Regional Education Board (SREB), 2014

2014-01-01

The Southern Regional Education Board's (SREB's) case study series highlights best practices High Schools That Work (HSTW) network schools and districts are implementing to better prepare students for further studies and careers. Lee's Summit West (LSW) High School near Kansas City, Missouri, boasts of a 99 percent graduation rate; 93 percent of…

Professional and Continuing Education in Hong Kong. Issues and Perspectives.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ngok, Lee; Lam, Agnes

This book, which is based on several first-hand studies, provides an overview of professional and continuing education in Hong Kong and examines selected issues in the field. The following chapters are included: "Preface" (Lee Ngok, Agnes Lam); "Introduction" (Lee Ngok, Agnes Lam); "The Role of Government in Human Resource…

50 CFR 226.218 - Critical habitat for the U.S. DPS of smalltooth sawfish (Pristis pectinata).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

...) located along the southwest coast of peninsular Florida. The northern unit is the Charlotte Harbor Estuary... portions of Charlotte, Lee, Collier, Monroe, and Miami-Dade Counties. (1) Charlotte Harbor Estuary Unit. The Charlotte Harbor Estuary Unit is located within Charlotte and Lee Counties. The unit includes...

50 CFR 226.218 - Critical habitat for the U.S. DPS of smalltooth sawfish (Pristis pectinata).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

...) located along the southwest coast of peninsular Florida. The northern unit is the Charlotte Harbor Estuary... portions of Charlotte, Lee, Collier, Monroe, and Miami-Dade Counties. (1) Charlotte Harbor Estuary Unit. The Charlotte Harbor Estuary Unit is located within Charlotte and Lee Counties. The unit includes...

50 CFR 226.218 - Critical habitat for the U.S. DPS of smalltooth sawfish (Pristis pectinata).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

...) located along the southwest coast of peninsular Florida. The northern unit is the Charlotte Harbor Estuary... portions of Charlotte, Lee, Collier, Monroe, and Miami-Dade Counties. (1) Charlotte Harbor Estuary Unit. The Charlotte Harbor Estuary Unit is located within Charlotte and Lee Counties. The unit includes...

The Significance of Grit: A Conversation with Angela Lee Duckworth

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Perkins-Gough, Deborah

2013-01-01

For the last 11 years, Angela Lee Duckworth of the University of Pennsylvania has been conducting ground breaking studies on "grit"--the quality that enables individuals to work hard and stick to their long-term passions and goals. In this interview with "Educational Leadership," Duckworth describes what her research has shown…

High School Prayers at Graduation: Will the Supreme Court Pronounce the Benediction?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mawdsley, Ralph D.; Russo, Charles J.

1991-01-01

The Supreme Court has decided to address the facts in "Lee v. Weisman" involving the validity of graduation prayer. Reviews the opinions of the current justices regarding the role of the tripartite establishment clause "Lemon" test and concludes with a projection of the court's resolution of the "Lee" case. (73…

Yang-Lee zeros, Julia sets, and their singularity spectra

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hu, B.; Lin, B.

1989-05-01

We have studied the global scaling properties of the Julia sets of the Yang-Lee zeros of the s-state Potts model on the diamond hierarchical lattice. The singularity spectrum f(..cap alpha..) and the generalized dimension D/sub q/ are calculated for different s values. General observations are made on their variations.

Delivering the Lee Silverman Voice Treatment (LSVT) by Web Camera: A Feasibility Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Howell, Susan; Tripoliti, Elina; Pring, Tim

2009-01-01

Background: Speech disorders are a feature of Parkinson's disease, typically worsening as the disease progresses. The Lee Silverman Voice Treatment (LSVT) was developed to address these difficulties. It targets vocal loudness as a means of increasing vocal effort and improving coordination across the subsystems of speech. Aims: Currently LSVT is…

Who Killed Annabel Lee? Writing about Literature in the Composition Classroom

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Richardson, Mark

2004-01-01

Literature is a vehicle for teaching critical thinking and interpretation by making students write about literature rather than silencing them with hegemonic discourses. The interpretation of E.A. Poe's Annabel Lee by the students in an experiment indicates the need to develop confidence and conviction in the students regarding their writing that…

Thin-ice Arctic Acoustic Window (THAAW)

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-09-30

NewYork), pp. 11–37. Mikhalevsky, P. N., Sagen, H., Worcester, P. F., Baggeroer, A. B., Orcutt, J. A., Moore, S. E., Lee, C. M., Vigness -Raposa, K. J...P. F., Baggeroer, A. B., Orcutt, J. A., Moore, S. E., Lee, C. M., Vigness -Raposa, K. J., Freitag, L., Arrott, M., Atakan, K., Beszczynska-Moeller, A

We Want You: It Takes a Village To Market the Army

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-03-01

corporate/Pages/default.aspx (accessed December 20, 2012). 84 Ibid. 85 Philip Kotler and Nancy Lee, Corporate Social Responsibility: Doing the Most...18. 92 Ibid., 18. 93 Head, 4. 94 Kotler and Lee, 239. 95 Ibid., 209. 96 Ibid., 218. 97 U.S. Army Marketing and Research Group, “Army

ADP Regulates the Structure and Function of the Protein KaiC

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-08-11

J. S., Lee, Y., Kang, S., Lee, D., Li, S., Britt, R. D., Rust , M., J., Golden, S., S., LiWang, A. (2015) A protein fold switch joins the circadian... Rust , M.J. (2013). Robust and tunable circadian rhythms from differentially sensitive catalytic domains. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 110, 1124- 1129

Cyber Operations Virtual Environment

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-09-01

automated system affects reliance on that system (e.g., Dzindolet, Peterson , Pomranky, Pierce, & Beck, 2003; Lee & Moray, 1994; Lee & See, 2004...described a need for instruction to enable interactive, realistic training ( Hershey , 2008): Network Warfare and Operations Distributed Training...knowledge or needs beyond this shallow level (Beck, Stern, & Haugsjaa, 1996 ). The immediate feedback model employed in behaviorist learning has

Culturally Competent Leadership through Empowering Relationships: A Case Study of Two Assistant Principals

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Clayton, Jennifer K.; Goodwin, Melissa

2015-01-01

The student population in the United States is growing in diversity (Frankenburg & Lee, 2002; Orfield & Lee, 2004; Tefara, Frankenberg, Siegel-Hawley, & Chirichigno, 2011), challenging school leaders to develop or fine-tune their cultural competence in order to meet the needs of the changing student population (Bustamante, Nelson,…

What Is John Dewey Doing in "To Kill a Mockingbird"?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Frank, Jeff

2015-01-01

Harper Lee's novel "To Kill a Mockingbird" is taught in countless public schools and is beloved by many teachers and future teachers. Embedded within this novel--interestingly--is a strong criticism of an approach to education mockingly referred to as the "Dewey Decimal System." In this essay I explore Lee's criticism of…

High Performance Sustainable School Design: Roy Lee Walker Elementary, McKinney, Texas.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

SHW Group, Inc., Dallas, TX.

This document describes the sustainable features of the Roy Lee Walker Elementary School (Texas), a prototype "Eco Education" school that blends the physical environment with the student learning process while protecting the site. The document also presents the process of integrating sustainability criteria in all phases of the school's…

The Effects of Head Trauma and Brain Injury on Neuroendocrinologic Function

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-07-13

V., Lee, L.A., and Kelly, M. Apparent hypogonadism caused by critical illness: The " Hypogonadal Sick" syndrome. Submitted for publication. 2...Abstracts *Woolf, P.D., Hamill, R.W., McDonald, J.V., Lee, L.A., and Kelly, M. Apparent hypogonadism caused by critical illness: The " Hypogonadal Sick

An analytical design procedure for the determination of effective leading edge extensions on thick delta wings

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ghaffari, F.; Chaturvedi, S. K.

1984-01-01

An analytical design procedure for leading edge extensions (LEE) was developed for thick delta wings. This LEE device is designed to be mounted to a wing along the pseudo-stagnation stream surface associated with the attached flow design lift coefficient of greater than zero. The intended purpose of this device is to improve the aerodynamic performance of high subsonic and low supersonic aircraft at incidences above that of attached flow design lift coefficient, by using a vortex system emanating along the leading edges of the device. The low pressure associated with these vortices would act on the LEE upper surface and the forward facing area at the wing leading edges, providing an additional lift and effective leading edge thrust recovery. The first application of this technique was to a thick, round edged, twisted and cambered wing of approximately triangular planform having a sweep of 58 deg and aspect ratio of 2.30. The panel aerodynamics and vortex lattice method with suction analogy computer codes were employed to determine the pseudo-stagnation stream surface and an optimized LEE planform shape.

Interplay Between Electron-Electron, Electron-Impurity and Electron-Boundary Scattering in a Two Dimensional Electron Gas (2DEG)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Abraham, Mathew C.; Ram, Rajeev J.; Gossard, A. C.

2003-03-01

A small group of experiments have been conducted over the past decade that explore the fact that even though electron-electron (e-e) scattering in a 2DEG is momentum conserving, its interplay with electron-impurity (e-i)and electron-boundary (e-b) scattering can change the resistance of bulk and mesoscopic devices respectively. The interplay between e-e and e-i scattering in a bulk sample has been shown to cause a fall in the resistivity as a function of electron temperature in the regime where the scattering length l_ee > l_ei and a rise when l_ee < l_ei. In contrast, the interplay between e-e and e-b scattering has been demonstrated to raise the resistivity of a mesoscopic sized wire as a function of electron temperature in the regime l_ee > lb and a fall when l_ee < l_b. We attempt to present a comprehensive picture of these two apparently competing effects by studying devices that are affected by both phenomena simultaneously.

Friedberg-Lee model at finite temperature and density

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mao Hong; CCAST; Yao Minjie

2008-06-15

The Friedberg-Lee model is studied at finite temperature and density. By using the finite temperature field theory, the effective potential of the Friedberg-Lee model and the bag constant B(T) and B(T,{mu}) have been calculated at different temperatures and densities. It is shown that there is a critical temperature T{sub C}{approx_equal}106.6 MeV when {mu}=0 MeV and a critical chemical potential {mu}{approx_equal}223.1 MeV for fixing the temperature at T=50 MeV. We also calculate the soliton solutions of the Friedberg-Lee model at finite temperature and density. It turns out that when T{<=}T{sub C} (or {mu}{<=}{mu}{sub C}), there is a bag constant B(T) [ormore » B(T,{mu})] and the soliton solutions are stable. However, when T>T{sub C} (or {mu}>{mu}{sub C}) the bag constant B(T)=0 MeV [or B(T,{mu})=0 MeV] and there is no soliton solution anymore, therefore, the confinement of quarks disappears quickly.« less

Observation of Mountain Lee Waves with MODIS NIR Column Water Vapor

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lyapustin, A.; Alexander, M. J.; Ott, L.; Molod, A.; Holben, B.; Susskind, J.; Wang, Y.

2014-01-01

Mountain lee waves have been previously observed in data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) "water vapor" 6.7 micrometers channel which has a typical peak sensitivity at 550 hPa in the free troposphere. This paper reports the first observation of mountain waves generated by the Appalachian Mountains in the MODIS total column water vapor (CWV) product derived from near-infrared (NIR) (0.94 micrometers) measurements, which indicate perturbations very close to the surface. The CWV waves are usually observed during spring and late fall or some summer days with low to moderate CWV (below is approx. 2 cm). The observed lee waves display wavelengths from3-4 to 15kmwith an amplitude of variation often comparable to is approx. 50-70% of the total CWV. Since the bulk of atmospheric water vapor is confined to the boundary layer, this indicates that the impact of thesewaves extends deep into the boundary layer, and these may be the lowest level signatures of mountain lee waves presently detected by remote sensing over the land.

An improved and effective secure password-based authentication and key agreement scheme using smart cards for the telecare medicine information system.

PubMed

Das, Ashok Kumar; Bruhadeshwar, Bezawada

2013-10-01

Recently Lee and Liu proposed an efficient password based authentication and key agreement scheme using smart card for the telecare medicine information system [J. Med. Syst. (2013) 37:9933]. In this paper, we show that though their scheme is efficient, their scheme still has two security weaknesses such as (1) it has design flaws in authentication phase and (2) it has design flaws in password change phase. In order to withstand these flaws found in Lee-Liu's scheme, we propose an improvement of their scheme. Our improved scheme keeps also the original merits of Lee-Liu's scheme. We show that our scheme is efficient as compared to Lee-Liu's scheme. Further, through the security analysis, we show that our scheme is secure against possible known attacks. In addition, we simulate our scheme for the formal security verification using the widely-accepted AVISPA (Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications) tool to show that our scheme is secure against passive and active attacks.

Factors associated with successful vaginal birth after cesarean section and outcomes in rural area of Anatolia

PubMed Central

Senturk, Mehmet Baki; Cakmak, Yusuf; Atac, Halit; Budak, Mehmet Sukru

2015-01-01

Successful vaginal birth after cesarean section is more comfortable than repeat emergency or elective cesarean section. Antenatal examinations are important in selection for trial of labor, while birth management can be difficult when the patients present at emergency condition. But there is an increased chance of vaginal birth with advanced cervical dilation. This study attempts to evaluate factors associated with success of vaginal birth after cesarean section and to compare the maternal and perinatal outcomes between vaginal birth after cesarean section and intrapartum cesarean section in patients who were admitted to hospital during the active or second stage of labor. A retrospective evaluation was made from the results of 127 patients. Cesarean section was performed in 57 patients; 70 attempted trial of labor. The factors associated with success of vaginal birth after cesarean section were investigated. Maternal and neonatal outcomes were compared between the groups. Vaginal birth after cesarean section was successful in 55% of cases. Advanced cervical opening, effacement, gravidity, parity, and prior vaginal delivery were factors associated with successful vaginal birth. The vaginal birth group had more complications (P<0.01), but these were minor. The rate of blood transfusion and prevalence of changes in hemoglobin level were similar in both groups (P>0.05). In this study, cervical opening, effacement, gravidity, parity, and prior vaginal delivery were important factors for successful vaginal birth after cesarean section. The patients’ requests influenced outcome. Trial of labor should take into consideration the patient’s preference, together with the proper setting. PMID:26203286

The Role of Palladin in Podocytes.

PubMed

Artelt, Nadine; Ludwig, Tim A; Rogge, Henrik; Kavvadas, Panagiotis; Siegerist, Florian; Blumenthal, Antje; van den Brandt, Jens; Otey, Carol A; Bang, Marie-Louise; Amann, Kerstin; Chadjichristos, Christos E; Chatziantoniou, Christos; Endlich, Karlhans; Endlich, Nicole

2018-05-02

Background Podocyte loss and effacement of interdigitating podocyte foot processes are the major cause of a leaky filtration barrier and ESRD. Because the complex three-dimensional morphology of podocytes depends on the actin cytoskeleton, we studied the role in podocytes of the actin bundling protein palladin, which is highly expressed therein. Methods We knocked down palladin in cultured podocytes by siRNA transfection or in zebrafish embryos by morpholino injection and studied the effects by immunofluorescence and live imaging. We also investigated kidneys of mice with podocyte-specific knockout of palladin (PodoPalld-/- mice) by immunofluorescence and ultrastructural analysis and kidney biopsy specimens from patients by immunostaining for palladin. Results Compared with control-treated podocytes, palladin-knockdown podocytes had reduced actin filament staining, smaller focal adhesions, and downregulation of the podocyte-specific proteins synaptopodin and α -actinin-4. Furthermore, palladin-knockdown podocytes were more susceptible to disruption of the actin cytoskeleton with cytochalasin D, latrunculin A, or jasplakinolide and showed altered migration dynamics. In zebrafish embryos, palladin knockdown compromised the morphology and dynamics of epithelial cells at an early developmental stage. Compared with PodoPalld+/+ controls, PodoPalld-/- mice developed glomeruli with a disturbed morphology, an enlarged subpodocyte space, mild effacement, and significantly reduced expression of nephrin and vinculin. Furthermore, nephrotoxic serum injection led to significantly higher levels of proteinuria in PodoPalld-/- mice than in controls. Kidney biopsy specimens from patients with diabetic nephropathy and FSGS showed downregulation of palladin in podocytes as well. Conclusions Palladin has an important role in podocyte function in vitro and in vivo . Copyright © 2018 by the American Society of Nephrology.

Dendrin expression in glomerulogenesis and in human minimal change nephrotic syndrome.

PubMed

Dunér, Fredrik; Patrakka, Jaakko; Xiao, Zhijie; Larsson, Jenny; Vlamis-Gardikas, Alexios; Pettersson, Erna; Tryggvason, Karl; Hultenby, Kjell; Wernerson, Annika

2008-08-01

Dendrin is an 81-kD cytosolic protein hitherto described in the brain, where it is associated with the actin cytoskeleton. Recently, we found dendrin in foot processes of mouse glomerular podocytes. Here we describe its expression both during mouse glomerulogenesis and in the normal and diseased human kidney for the first time. Dendrin expression was characterized using RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry and semi-quantified using immunoelectron microscopy. In glomerulogenesis, dendrin mRNA and protein appeared first at the early capillary loop stage. It was concentrated to the pre-podocytes on the basal side of podocalyxin, an apical cell membrane marker. In human tissue, dendrin transcripts were detected in the brain and kidney. In the mature kidney dendrin localized solely in the podocytes, close to the filtration slit diaphragms. A comparison with the slit-associated protein zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) was done in minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS). Dendrin and ZO-1 were re-distributed from slit regions to the podocyte cytoplasm in areas with foot process effacement (FPE). In areas without FPE, dendrin and ZO-1 distributions were unchanged compared to controls. The total amounts of dendrin or ZO-1 markers were unchanged. This differs from nephrin that, according to our previous results, is also decreased in non-effaced areas. The expression of dendrin during glomerulogenesis and in the normal human kidney is similar to that previously shown for nephrin, which suggests that dendrin associates with the slit diaphragm complex. In MCNS patients, dendrin and ZO-1 are re-distributed within the podocytes. Whether this is a cause or a consequence of FPE remains unclear.

Altered expression of junctional adhesion molecule 4 in injured podocytes.

PubMed

Harita, Yutaka; Miyauchi, Naoko; Karasawa, Tamaki; Suzuki, Koichi; Han, Gi Dong; Koike, Hiroko; Igarashi, Takashi; Shimizu, Fujio; Kawachi, Hiroshi

2006-02-01

Recent investigations have revealed the importance of glomerular podocytes with its diaphragm as the major filtration barrier. Junctional adhesion molecule 4 (JAM4) has been identified as a protein that interacts with membrane-associated guanyl kinase inverted (MAGI)-1 and is reported to be expressed on podocytes. To elucidate the role of JAM4 on podocytes, we examined the expression of JAM4 and MAGI-1 in normal and two different proteinuric rat models: puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) nephropathy and anti-nephrin antibody-induced (ANA) nephropathy, one model with and one without effacement of podocyte foot processes. JAM4 was detected by immunomicroscopy at the apical membrane of normal podocytes. JAM4 immunostaining was focally increased in the podocytes in PAN nephropathy but not in ANA nephropathy. In proteinuric podocytes, the expression of JAM4 was distinct from that of MAGI-1 or other slit diaphragm molecules such as nephrin and ZO-1. Close colocalization of JAM4 and ezrin was maintained in PAN nephropathy. By immunoelectron microscopy, the signals for JAM4 were detected at the free apical membrane of the podocytes with effaced foot processes. Studies with selective detergent extract revealed that the subcellular localization of JAM4 was altered in PAN nephropathy. Thus the altered expression of JAM4 appears to be associated with morphological changes in podocytes and can be a useful marker of injured podocytes. JAM4 may have a different role at the apical membrane besides the role as a junctional molecule and is likely associated with the unique structure of this epithelium.

The physician's virtues and legitimate self-interest in the patient-physician contract.

PubMed

McCullough, L B

1993-01-01

I will be the first to admit that we are now well into uncharted territory of the patient-physician contract. I also detect missing stretches of my dermal layer and you may spy some that I have yet to notice. In any case, I put to your serious consideration the proposal that part of the patient-physician contract must include respect for the legitimate interests of the physician by patients and third parties. The virtues of self-effacement and self-sacrifice and the concept of legitimate self-interest help us to understand in concrete, clinically applicable terms what such respect means in practice. That respect will, I think, be expressed with some variability, because there is no simple algorithm for negotiating conflicts between legitimate self-interest and the virtues of self-effacement and self-sacrifice. One important consequence of this moral variability is that the patient-physician contract and the virtues that sustain it will not yield to a single, finally authoritative account of how such conflicts should be negotiated. Instead, as we turn more attention to these matters, we will, I believe, discover that there is a range or continuum of ways in which the management of such ethical conflict can reliably be understood in the patient-physician contract. Rather than a single account of the ethical dimensions of the patient-physician contract, we should expect to develop a range of reliable accounts. A kind of rich and engaging moral pluralism should thus govern our understanding of the ethical dimensions of the patient-physician contract.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Conditioned medium from human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells promotes skin moisturization and effacement of wrinkles in UVB-irradiated SKH-1 hairless mice.

PubMed

Kwon, Tae-Rin; Oh, Chang Taek; Choi, Eun Ja; Kim, Soon Re; Jang, Yu-Jin; Ko, Eun Jung; Yoo, Kwang Ho; Kim, Beom Joon

2016-05-01

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising therapeutic agents for various diseases. To investigate the effects of conditioned medium from human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-CdM) on pro-collagen production and wrinkle formation, we performed in vitro and in vivo experiments. We assessed the effects of MSC-CdM on proliferation and photo-aging in human dermal fibroblasts after UVB exposure using enzyme activity assays for collagen type I secretion and MMP-1. To determine the effect of topically applied MSC-CdM on wrinkle formation, MSC-CdM (1% and 10%) and vehicle (propylene glycol: ethanol, 7 : 3) were applied to the dorsal skin of UVB-irradiated hairless mice for 8 weeks. We examined the effects on wrinkle formation by assessing visual skin grading, replica, tape stripping, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and skin hydration measurement. We also examined histology of the lesions using hematoxylin-eosin, Masson's trichrome, and immunohistochemical staining. MSC-CdM markedly reduced UV-induced matrix metalloproteinase-1 expression and increased pro-collagen synthesis in a dose-dependent manner. Our findings suggest that MSC-CdM induces repair of dermal damage and effacement of wrinkles on UVB-irradiated hairless mice through protective effect of hydration. These results support an anti-wrinkle effect of MSC-CdM that involves increased collagen synthesis and suggest that MSC-CdM might be a potential candidate for preventing UV-induced skin damage. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Fate of grape flavor precursors during storage on yeast lees.

PubMed

Loscos, Natalia; Hernández-Orte, Purificación; Cacho, Juan; Ferreira, Vicente

2009-06-24

The effect of the addition of a grape flavor precursor extract to a grape juice, before or after fermentation with three different Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains, on the evolution of the wine aroma composition during a 9-month aging period on yeast lees has been studied. Wine aroma compounds were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after alcoholic fermentation and after 3 and 9 months of storage. The aging of wine on lees caused important changes in the aroma profiles of wines, making the concentrations of three terpenes, norisoprenoids (except beta-damascenone and beta-ionone), 4-allyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol, ethyl vanillate, syringaldehyde, and ethyl cinnamate increase, whereas the concentrations of most of the rest of compounds tended to decrease. Lees are responsible for the observed increasing trends, except for linalool and alpha-terpineol, and also for a large part of the observed decrements. As expected, the addition of precursors brings about an increment in the levels of most terpenes, norisoprenoids, vanillins, and ethyl cinnamate, and it is after an aging time when differences linked to the level of precursors in the must become more evident. The timing of the addition of precursors has a minor influence, except for beta-damascenone, vanillin, and syringaldehyde, for which supplementation after fermentation is more effective. It has also been observed that the precursor fraction makes the levels of vinylphenols decrease. Finally, it has also been found that lees from different yeast strains may have a slightly different abilities to release volatile compounds derived from precursors.

Lee C. Bradley III (Phillips Exeter Class of 1943): Physicist, Officer, and Gentleman

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cardon, Bartley L.

2004-03-01

Lee Carrington Bradley's career as a physicist began as an accomplished student at Phillips Exeter Academy, where he was influenced by Professor John C. Hogg, chairman of the Science Department. He graduated in 1943 and entered the V-12 program for naval officers and completed his undergraduate degree in physics at Princeton University. After a brief tour as a Navy Ensign he joined the first group of American Rhodes Scholars to attend Oxford University, in 1947, following the conclusion of World War II. Under the guidance of H.G. Kuhn of Clarendon Laboratory, Lee completed his Ph.D. in physics in 1950. He then accepted an instructorship in physics at Princeton until he was called to MIT as an assistant professor in 1954 and later as a research associate in the Harrison Spectroscopy Laboratory. In 1966 he joined the technical staff of MIT Lincoln Laboratory, and became a senior staff member in 1978, a position he held until his retirement in 1992. From 1947 to 1966 Lee's interest was primarily in the field of optical spectroscopy, where his work brought him into contact with many of the outstanding physicists of his era. Upon joining Lincoln Laboratory, his physics interests shifted toward optics and laser propagation, the latter a field in which he made significant contributions. My illustrated tribute will discuss Lee's passage from Phillips Exeter to Lincoln Laboratory, describing his physics and some of the notable physicists with whom he worked.

INCA Modelling of the Lee System: strategies for the reduction of nitrogen loads

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Flynn, N. J.; Paddison, T.; Whitehead, P. G.

The Integrated Nitrogen Catchment model (INCA) was applied successfully to simulate nitrogen concentrations in the River Lee, a northern tributary of the River Thames for 1995-1999. Leaching from urban and agricultural areas was found to control nitrogen dynamics in reaches unaffected by effluent discharges and abstractions; the occurrence of minimal flows resulted in an upward trend in nitrate concentration. Sewage treatment works (STW) discharging into the River Lee raised nitrate concentrations substantially, a problem which was compounded by abstractions in the Lower Lee. The average concentration of nitrate (NO3) for the simulation period 1995-96 was 7.87 mg N l-1. Ammonium (NH4) concentrations were simulated less successfully. However, concentrations of ammonium rarely rose to levels which would be of environmental concern. Scenarios were run through INCA to assess strategies for the reduction of nitrate concentrations in the catchment. The conversion of arable land to ungrazed vegetation or to woodland would reduce nitrate concentrations substantially, whilst inclusion of riparian buffer strips would be unsuccessful in reducing nitrate loading. A 50% reduction in nitrate loading from Luton STW would result in a fall of up to 5 mg N l-1 in the reach directly affected (concentrations fell from maxima of 13 to 8 mg N l-1 , nearly a 40 % reduction), whilst a 20% reduction in abstractions would reduce maximum peaks in concentration in the lower Lee by up to 4 mg l-1 (from 17 to 13 mg N l-1, nearly a 25 % reduction),.

Observations of Coherent Flow Structures Over Subaqueous High- and Low- Angle Dunes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kwoll, E.; Venditti, J. G.; Bradley, R. W.; Winter, C.

2017-11-01

Large-scale coherent flow structures (CFSs) above dunes are the dominant source of flow resistance and constitute the principal mechanism for sediment transport and mixing in sand bed river and estuarine systems. Based on laboratory observations, CFS formation has been previously linked to flow separation downstream of high-angle dunes with lee slopes of 30°. How CFSs form in natural, deep rivers and estuaries where dunes exhibit lower lee slopes and intermittent flow separation is not well understood. Here we present particle image velocimetry measurements from an experiment where dune lee slope was systematically varied (30°, 20°, and 10°), while other geometric and hydraulic parameters were held constant. We show that CFSs form downstream of all three dune geometries from shear layer vortices in the dune lee. The mode of CFS formation undergoes a low-frequency oscillation with periods of intense vortex shedding interspersed with periods of rare vortex shedding. Streamwise alignment of several vortices during periods of intense shedding results in wedge-shaped CFSs that are advected above the dune stoss side. Streamwise length scales of wedge-shaped CFS correspond to large-scale motions (LSMs). We hypothesize that the advection of LSM over the dune crest triggers the periods of intense shedding in the dune lee. LSMs are weaker and smaller above low-angle dunes; however, the low-frequency oscillation in CFS formation periods persists. The formation of smaller and weaker CFS results in a reduction of flow resistance over low-angle dunes.

Genes encoded within 8q24 on the amplicon of a large extrachromosomal element are selectively repressed during the terminal differentiation of HL-60 cells.

PubMed

Hirano, Tetsuo; Ike, Fumio; Murata, Takehide; Obata, Yuichi; Utiyama, Hiroyasu; Yokoyama, Kazunari K

2008-04-02

Human acute myeloblastic leukemia HL-60 cells become resistant to differentiation during long-term cultivation. After 150 passages, double minute chromosomes (dmins) found in early-passaged cells are replaced by large extrachromosomal elements (LEEs). In a DNA library derived from a purified fraction of LEEs, 12.6% (23/183) of clones were assigned to 8q24 and 9.2% (17/183) were assigned to 14q11 in the human genome. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) revealed a small aberrant chromosome, which had not been found in early-passaged cells, in addition to the purified LEEs. We determined that each LEE consisted of six discontinuous segments in a region that extended for 4.4Mb over the 8q24 locus. Five genes, namely, Myc (a proto-oncogene), NSMCE2 (for a SUMO ligase), CCDC26 (for a retinoic acid-dependent modulator of myeloid differentiation), TRIB1 (for a regulator of MAPK kinase) and LOC389637 (for a protein of unknown function), were encoded by the amplicon. Breaks in the chromosomal DNA within the amplicon were found in the NSMCE2 and CCDC26 genes. The discontinuous structure of the amplicon unit of the LEEs was identical with that of dmins in HL-60 early-passaged cells. The difference between them seemed, predominantly, to be the number (10-15 copies per LEE versus 2 or 3 copies per dmin) of constituent units. Expression of the Myc, NSMCE2, CCDC26 and LOC389637 and TRIB1 genes was constitutive in all lines of HL-60 cells and that of the first four genes was repressed during the terminal differentiation of early-passaged HL-60 cells. We also detected abnormal transcripts of CCDC26. Our results suggest that these genes were selected during the development of amplicons. They might be amplified and, sometimes, truncated to contribute to the maintenance of HL-60 cells in an undifferentiated state.

Reception of Edward Bernays' Doctrine of "Manipulating Public Opinion."

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Olasky, Marvin N.

Ivy Lee and Edward Bernays are generally regarded as the founding fathers of modern public relations. While Lee has been the subject of a full biography that included contemporary reaction to his ideas, there has been no similar work on how Bernays' ideas were received, though his ideas were in some ways more radical. He believed that propaganda…

Air Force Public Affairs: The Four Models of Public Relations and Excellence in Public Relations

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-01-01

1984), publicity was used to fight large business organizations. Journalists who exposed corrupt business practices were called "muckrakers." Ivy Lee , a...master’s thesis, University of Maryland, College Park, Md. Hiebert, R.E. (1966). Courtier %o the crowd: The story of Ivy Lee and the development of public

75 FR 61352 - Airworthiness Directives; McDonnell Douglas Corporation Model DC-10-30, DC-10-30F, DC-10-30F (KC...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-05

...: Samuel Lee, Aerospace Engineer, Propulsion Branch, ANM-140L, FAA, Los Angeles Aircraft Certification... procedures found in 14 CFR 39.19. Send information to ATTN: Samuel Lee, Aerospace Engineer, Propulsion Branch..., Propulsion Branch, ANM-140L, FAA, Los Angeles Aircraft Certification Office, 3960 Paramount Boulevard...

Close Encounters of the Amphibious Kind

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lee, Tammy D.; Lubischer, Jane L.

2014-01-01

In this article, Tammy D. Lee and Jane L. Lubischer describe a classroom lesson designed to explore how animals use sound to communicate and how this communication affects their survival. Lee and Lubischer wanted to bring an awareness of how science is happening in students' own backyards. They developed a half-day 5E lesson integrating two…

Studies Presented to Robert B. Lees by His Students. Papers in Linguistics.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sadock, Jerrold M.; Vanek, Anthony L.

This volume, dedicated to Professor Robert B. Lees on the occasion of his departure from the University of Illinois, contains 15 papers on a variety of linguistic topics: C. L. Baker, "Problems of Polarity in Counterfactuals"; Lawrence F. Bouton, "Do So: Do+Adverb"; Chin-chuan Cheng, "Domains of Phonological Rule Application"; Joseph F. Foster,…

Professor Alison Lee: A Stellar Presence in Australian Higher Education Research

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Manathunga, Catherine; Kelly, Frances; Grant, Barbara

2016-01-01

For around two decades and up to her untimely death in September 2012, Professor Alison Lee was a significant figure in Australian higher education research. Alison's incisive work ranged across several sub-fields of higher education studies and helped broaden the field as a whole beyond issues of teaching and learning. She also brought an…

2017 Atmospheric Chemistry Gordon Research Conference

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-11-13

Research Institute Poster Presenter Crosbie, Ewan NASA - Langley Research Center Poster Presenter De Gouw, Joost Cooperative Institute for Research...VanWertz, G Virginia Tech Poster Presenter Jerry, Adrienne D Brookhaven National Laboratory Attendee Jucks, Kenneth W NASA HQ Attendee Kahan, Tara...Leckey, John P NASA Langley Attendee Lee, Jeonghoon Korea University of Technology and Education Poster Presenter Lee, Shanhu University of

Preparation of the Superconductor Substrate: Strontium Titanate

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-09-01

reported 19. Dijkkamp, D., Venkatesant, T., Wu, X.D., Shaheen, S.A.. Jisrawi , N., Min-Lee. Y.H., Mclean, W.I., and Croft, M. (1987) Preparation of Y-Ba...D., Venkatesant, T., Wu, X.D., Shaheen, S.A., Jisrawi , N., Min-Lee, Y.H., Mclean. W.I., and Croft, M. (1987) Preparation of Y-Ba-Cu-oxide

75 FR 69160 - Quarterly Publication of Individuals, Who Have Chosen To Expatriate, as Required by Section 6039G

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-10

... Anderson John Derek Anderson Rose Mary Andreen Clas Svante Joel Ang Diana Shu-Zhen Angelini Kevin Yang... Anthony Bergandi Marco Lee Berre Jean N. Berryman Curtis Frederick Beveridge Richard Henry Earle Beveridge... Cheung Mark Quintin Chih-Hsiang Lisa Lee Chiu Sammy Kai-Kong Christianson Marlys Chun Jessica Chung...

A Novel Association and Therapeutic Targeting of Neuropilin-1 and MUC1 in Pancreatic Cancer

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-10-01

Besmer DM, Curry JM, Roy LD, Tinder TL, Sahraei M, Schettini J, Hwang SI, Lee YY, Gendler SJ, Mukherjee P: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma mice...Sahraei M, Subramani DB, Besmer D, Nath S, Tinder TL, Bajaj E, Shanmugam K, Lee YY, Hwang SI et al: MUC1 enhances invasiveness of pancreatic cancer

76 FR 80915 - Environmental Management Site-Specific Advisory Board, Northern New Mexico

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-27

...), Ed Worth and Lee Bishop Welcome and Introductions, Ralph Phelps 3:15 p.m. Environmental Cleanup.... Consent Order Update 6 p.m. Public Comment Period, Ralph Phelps 7 p.m. Adjourn, Lee Bishop and Ed Worth... presentation in the agenda. The Deputy Designated Federal Officer is empowered to conduct the meeting in a...

Lee Silverman Voice Treatment for People with Parkinson's: Audit of Outcomes in a Routine Clinic

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wight, Sheila; Miller, Nick

2015-01-01

Background: Speaking louder/more intensely represents a longstanding technique employed to manage voice and intelligibility changes in people with Parkinson's. This technique has been formalized into a treatment approach and marketed as the Lee Silverman Voice Treatment (LSVT®) programme. Evidence for its efficacy has been published. Studies…

Lee side flow for slender delta wings of finite thickness

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Szodruch, J. G.

1980-01-01

An experimental and theoretical investigation carried out to determine the lee side flow field over delta wings at supersonic speeds is presented. A theoretical method to described the flow field is described, where boundary conditions as a result of the experimental study are needed. The computed flow field with shock induced separation is satisfactory.

Effects of an Extended Version of the Lee Silverman Voice Treatment on Voice and Speech in Parkinson's Disease

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Spielman, Jennifer; Ramig, Lorraine O.; Mahler, Leslie; Halpern, Angela; Gavin, William J.

2007-01-01

Purpose: The present study examined vocal SPL, voice handicap, and speech characteristics in Parkinson's disease (PD) following an extended version of the Lee Silverman Voice Treatment (LSVT), to help determine whether current treatment dosages can be altered without compromising clinical outcomes. Method: Twelve participants with idiopathic PD…

Mooring Operations for Thin-Ice Arctic Acoustic Window (THAAW) Project

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-05-20

Moore, S. E., Lee, C. M., Vigness -Raposa, K. J., Freitag, L., Arrott, M., Atakan, K., Beszczynska-Möller, A., Duda, T. F., Dushaw, B. D., Gascard, J...PUBLICATIONS AND PRESENTATIONS Mikhalevsky, P. N., Sagen, H., Worcester, P. F., Baggeroer, A. B., Orcutt, J., Moore, S. E., Lee, C. M., Vigness -Raposa, K. J

78 FR 25465 - Notice of Realty Action: Modified Competitive Auction of Public Lands in Lincoln County, NV

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-01

... County Commission supports a request by Lee Pearson for a modified-competitive sale of the 26.39 acre parcels. Mr. Pearson presently resides and conducts a cattle ranching operation on the private land that... dislocation of existing users, the BLM authorized officer has determined Lee Pearson as the designated bidder...

Fighting with Reality: Considering Mark Johnson's Pragmatic Realism through Bruce Lee's Jeet Kune Do Method

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Miller, Alexander David

2015-01-01

This dissertation considers the supportive and complementary relation between Mark Johnson's embodied realism and Bruce Lee's Jeet Kune Do as a philosophical practice. In exploring this relationship, the emphasis on one's embodiment condition and its relationship with metaphor and self-expression are the primary focus. First, this work involves…

Sometimes Pursuits Don't Pan Out: Anticipated Destinations and Other Caveats--Comment on Hom, Mitchell, Lee, and Griffeth (2012)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bergman, Mindy E.; Payne, Stephanie C.; Boswell, Wendy R.

2012-01-01

Hom, Mitchell, Lee, and Griffeth (2012) presented an extensive review of employee turnover research, reconceptualized the turnover criterion to include multiple destinations, and proposed to expand the predictor domain. They illuminated the multiple destinations employees pursue following turnover. By crossing desire to remain and volitional…

76 FR 16636 - Pine Island, Matlacha Pass, Island Bay, and Caloosahatchee NWRs, Lee County, FL; Final...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-24

... DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fish and Wildlife Service [FWS-R4-R-2010-N240; 40136-1265-0000-S3] Pine Island, Matlacha Pass, Island Bay, and Caloosahatchee NWRs, Lee County, FL; Final Comprehensive Conservation Plan and Finding of No Significant Impact for Environmental Assessment AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife...

Doing the Right Thing

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hayes, Dianne

2012-01-01

With more than a quarter of a century of filmmaking under his belt, Spike Lee has begun working with students to provide opportunities for them to reach their dreams. The tough-minded director on set has proven to have a soft spot when it comes to youth and the next generation of filmmakers. Lee is a welcomed guest lecturer offering candid…

Modeling and Forecasting Mortality With Economic Growth: A Multipopulation Approach.

PubMed

Boonen, Tim J; Li, Hong

2017-10-01

Research on mortality modeling of multiple populations focuses mainly on extrapolating past mortality trends and summarizing these trends by one or more common latent factors. This article proposes a multipopulation stochastic mortality model that uses the explanatory power of economic growth. In particular, we extend the Li and Lee model (Li and Lee 2005) by including economic growth, represented by the real gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, to capture the common mortality trend for a group of populations with similar socioeconomic conditions. We find that our proposed model provides a better in-sample fit and an out-of-sample forecast performance. Moreover, it generates lower (higher) forecasted period life expectancy for countries with high (low) GDP per capita than the Li and Lee model.

Cicada genus Pomponia Stål, 1866 (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) from Vietnam and Cambodia, with a new species, a new record, and a key to the species.

PubMed

Pham, Hong-Thai; Lee, Young June; Constant, Jerome

2015-03-03

The genus Pomponia Stål, 1866 from Vietnam and Cambodia is reviewed . Pomponia brevialata Lee & Pham, sp. nov. is described from Vietnam. Pomponia backanensis Pham & Yang, 2009 is added to the Cambodian cicada fauna. A key to the seven Vietnamese and Cambodian species of the genus Pomponia Stål, 1866 is provided: P. linearis (Walker, 1850), P. backanensis Pham & Yang, 2009, P. brevialata Lee & Pham, sp. nov., P. subtilita Lee, 2009, P. piceata Distant, 1905, P. daklakensis Sanborn, 2009, and P. orientalis (Distant, 1912). Synonymic lists, information on geographical distributions, and material examined for the Vietnamese and Cambodian species of Pomponia are provided.

Summary of reported agriculture and irrigation water use in Lee County, Arkansas, 1991

USGS Publications Warehouse

Holland, T.W.; Manning, C.A.; Stafford, K.L.

1993-01-01

This report summarizes the 1991 water-use reporting through the Conservation District Office in Lee County, Arkansas. The number of withdrawal registrations for Lee County was 1,582 (1,533 groundwater and 49 surface water). Water withdrawals reported during the registration process total 3.77 Mgal/d (3.39 Mgal/d groundwater and 0.38 Mgal/d surface water) for agriculture and 169.25 Mgal/d (166.79 Mgal/d groundwater and 2.46 Mgal/d surface water) for irrigation. The registration reports for 1991 indicate that this water was applied to 97,029 acres of land to irrigate wheat, rice, corn, soybeans, milo, cotton, hay, vegetables, and nuts as well as for the agricultural uses of animal aquaculture and ducks.

Measurements of a Lee Wave in the Southern Ocean: Energy and Momentum Fluxes and Mixing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cusack, J. M.; Naveira Garabato, A.; Smeed, D.; Girton, J. B.

2016-02-01

Lee waves, internal waves generated by stratified flow over topographic features are thought to break and generate a significant proportion of the turbulent mixing required to close the abyssal overturning circulation. A lack of observations means that there is large uncertainty in the magnitude of contribution that lee waves make to turbulent transformations, as well as their importance in local and global momentum and energy budgets. Two EM-APEX profiling floats deployed in the Drake Passage during the Diapycnal and Isopycnal Mixing Experiment (DIMES) independently measured a large lee wave over the Shackleton Fracture Zone. A model for steady EM-APEX motion is presented and used to calculate absolute vertical water velocity in addition to horizontal velocity measurements made by the floats. The wave is observed to have velocity fluctuations in all three directions of over 15 cm s-1 and a frequency close to the local buoyancy frequency. Furthermore, the wave has a measured peak vertical flux of horizontal momentum of 6 N m-2, a value that is two orders of magnitude larger than the time mean wind forcing on the Southern Ocean. Linear internal wave theory was used to estimate wave energy density and fluxes, while a mixing parameterisation was used to estimate the magnitude of turbulent kinetic energy dissipation, which was found to be elevated above typical background levels by two orders of magnitude. This work provides the first direct measurement of a lee wave generated by ACC flow over topography with simultaneous estimates of energy fluxes and mixing.

Role of Lee Waves in the Formation of Solid Polar Stratospheric Clouds: Case Studies from February 1997

DTIC Science & Technology

2000-03-16

1991. Huret, N., E.D. Rivi•re, F. Taupin -Goffinont, and M. Pirre, Lagrangian study of polar stratospheric louds: The role of lee wave events for...Laboratory, Mail code 7641, Washington, DC 20375. (eckerman•ismap4.nrl.navy.mil) N. Huret, M. Pirre, J.-B. Renard, E. D. Riviere, and F. G.- Taupin

A Conversation with Lee Shulman--Signature Pedagogies for Teacher Education: Defining Our Practices and Rethinking Our Preparation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Falk, Beverly

2006-01-01

Lee S. Shulman is the President of The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, a foundation whose mission is "to do and perform all things necessary to encourage, uphold and dignify the profession of teaching." Prior to assuming his role at Carnegie, Shulman was the Charles E. Ducommun Professor of Education at Stanford…

8. Historic American Buildings Survey, From page 5, volume 26 ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

8. Historic American Buildings Survey, From page 5, volume 26 of the Castner Collection in the Print Room of the Free Library of Philadelphia, COPY OF c.1870 PHOTOGRAPH SHOWING NORTHEAST CORNER OF SIXTH AND ARCH STREETS-THE LEE HOUSE SIXTH FROM LEFT. - Robert M. Lee House & Law Office, 109-111 North Sixth Street, Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

Will U.S. Forces Be Hollow Once Again?

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-12-06

the “hollow force” emerged. 138M. Albert Mendez and Lee Russell, Illustrated by Paul Hannon, Granada 1983 (Great Britain: Osprey Publishing Ltd, 1985...called 139Mendez, Russell, and Hannon, Granada 1983, 33-34. 140The author understands this is...Lee Russell, Illustrated by Paul Hannon. Granada 1983. Great Britain: Osprey Publishing Ltd, 1985. O’Hanlon, Michael E. The Science of War

Flow Around Steep Topography

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-09-30

interest in these activities. These tours are being coordinated with the Coral Reef Research Foundation (CRRF), a research organization in Palau...form drag, lee waves , eddy generation) over small-scale topographic features and (ii) fundamentally nonlinear processes (turbulent island wakes...detail in another annual report. From 9 October to 12 November 2015, another SeaSoar cruise on Revelle will focus on wakes and arrested lee waves near

Further Clarifying Proximal Withdrawal States and the Turnover Criterion Space: Comment on Hom, Mitchell, Lee, and Griffeth (2012)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Maertz, Carl P., Jr.

2012-01-01

In "Reviewing Employee Turnover: Focusing on Proximal Withdrawal States and an Expanded Criterion," Hom, Mitchell, Lee, and Griffeth (2012) brought together many of the most important content and process factors in the employee turnover literature. In this paper, I attempt to clarify the true contributions of this framework for the turnover area…

On the Adequacy of Bayesian Evaluations of Categorization Models: Reply to Vanpaemel and Lee (2012)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wills, Andy J.; Pothos, Emmanuel M.

2012-01-01

Vanpaemel and Lee (2012) argued, and we agree, that the comparison of formal models can be facilitated by Bayesian methods. However, Bayesian methods neither precede nor supplant our proposals (Wills & Pothos, 2012), as Bayesian methods can be applied both to our proposals and to their polar opposites. Furthermore, the use of Bayesian methods to…

The Structure of an Early Reading Test in Grade 1: In Search of a Relationship with Reading in Spanish

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lara, Monica

2010-01-01

This study examined the "Tejas LEE or El Inventario de Lectura en Espanol de Tejas" (Grade 1) to determine if a relationship existed between reading comprehension in Spanish and the tested skills on the diagnostic assessment. This quantitative research design evaluated the psychometric characteristics of the Tejas LEE and followed customary…

Teaching Science for Empowerment in an Urban Classroom: A Case Study of a Hmong Teacher

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Upadhyay, Bhaskar

2009-01-01

This is a case study of Lee, a Hmong teacher, who reflects on her own schooling experiences in order to develop a culturally sensitive pedagogy based on empowerment and funds of knowledge. The findings indicate that Lee teaches science effectively using culturally sensitive pedagogy--utilizing Hmong students' and parents' funds of knowledge in…

Case Study of East Mississippi Community College's Plan to Assist the Sara Lee Corporation Employees Due to Plant Closing

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hanson, Bruce J.

2012-01-01

The aim or purpose of this study was to statistically determine whether there were significant differences in obtaining employment and wages after training provided by East Mississippi Community College (EMCC). The training was specifically provided to employees of Sara Lee Corporation, LLC, after the massive layoff when the company closed its…

Virtual Reality and Learning: Where Is the Pedagogy?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fowler, Chris

2015-01-01

The aim of this paper was to build upon Dalgarno and Lee's model or framework of learning in three-dimensional (3-D) virtual learning environments (VLEs) and to extend their road map for further research in this area. The enhanced model shares the common goal with Dalgarno and Lee of identifying the learning benefits from using 3-D VLEs. The…

The Effects of Input Enhancement on Grammar Learning and Comprehension: A Modified Replication of Lee (2007) with Eye-Movement Data

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Winke, Paula M.

2013-01-01

In his 2007 study "Effects of Textual Enhancement and Topic Familiarity on Korean EFL Students' Reading Comprehension and Learning of Passive Form," Lee demonstrated that learners were better able to correct written sentences that contained incorrect English passive forms after exposure to texts flooded with enhanced (versus…

Rapid Analysis of Chemical Warfare Agents and Their Hydrolysis Products by Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (DESI-MS)

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-10-01

of chemical warfare agents in natural water samples by solid-phase microextraction. Anal. Chem., 69, 1866-72. [36] Sng , M.T. and Ng ,W.F. (1999). In...liquid phase microextraction of alkylphosphonic acids from water. J. Chromatogr. A., 1141, 151-157. [43] Lee, H.S.N., Sng , M.T., Basheer, C., and Lee

Sunrayce 97 Continues Day 4 - Fulton to Lee's Summit

Science.gov Websites

(202) 586-0713 Lee's Summit, MO -- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) took Day IV and maintained the overall lead as sunrayce 97 completed its fourth day. The elapsed time for the day for the attaining good sun early enough in the day to replenish the batteries, as such a fast pace will deplete them

Mass Atrocity: Prevention and Response

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-04-01

Larry Strobel (PKSOI), Colonel Lorelei Coplen (PKSOI) and Jim Armstead (Washington & Lee ) superbly guided their group discussions with minimal... Strobel (PKSOI) A mass atrocity situation will have several key lo- gistical considerations which are normally factors in other rapid response scenarios...termediaries in USAID, the UN, or the host nation. Moral, Ethical & Legal Issues Working Group Moderator: J. Holmes Armstead (Washington and Lee

Robert E. Lee's Demand for the Surrender of John Brown

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rulli, Daniel F.

2004-01-01

The featured document that is the main topic of this article, Robert E. Lee's Demand for the Surrender of John Brown and his Party [at Harpers Ferry], October 18, 1859, is from the Records of the Adjutant General's Office, 1780s-1917; Record Group 94, and is in the holdings of the National Archives. As a part of "Teaching with…

Environmental Illness and the Future of Healthcare: Chang-Rae Lee's On Such a Full Sea.

PubMed

Barrish, Phillip

2018-06-02

Chang-Rae Lee's 2014 novel On Such a Full Sea uses the genre of speculative fiction to reflect on longstanding healthcare debates in the United States that have recently crystalized around the Affordable Care Act. The novel imagines the political economy of healthcare in a future America devastated by environmental illness. What kind of care is available and to whom? Who provides it? Who pays for it? What about distribution and access? The different healthcare systems governing each of three geo-social zones in Lee's future society represent exaggerated versions of the scenarios participants in the ACA debate claim their opponents' health policies would produce. The essay argues that Lee's novel ultimately favors a version of universal government-funded care over a system based on supposed free-market principles, even as the novel also tries to make room for conservative Americans' fears about the specter of so-called "socialized medicine." More broadly, the essay contends that the health humanities should devote more attention to literary and artistic engagements with healthcare as a system: a complex set of financial models, public and private institutions, government policies, and actors whose roles range well beyond patient and care provider.

Study of lee-side flows over conically cambered Delta wings at supersonic speeds, part 2

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wood, Richard M.; Watson, Carolyn B.

1987-01-01

An experimental investigation was performed in which surface pressure data, flow visualization data, and force and moment data were obtained on four conical delta wing models which differed in leading edge camber only. Wing leading edge camber was achieved through a deflection of the outboard 30% of the local wing semispan of a reference 75 deg swept flat delta wing. The four wing models have leading edge deflection angles delta sub F of 0, 5, 10, and 15 deg measured streamwise. Data for the wings with delta sub F = 10 and 15 deg showed that hinge line separation dominated the lee-side wing loading and prohibited the development of leading edge separation on the deflected portion of wing leading edge. However, data for the wing with delta sub F = 5 deg showed that at an angle of attack of 5 deg, a vortex was positioned on the deflected leading edge with reattachment at the hinge line. Flow visualization results were presented which detail the influence of Mach number, angle of attack, and camber on the lee-side flow characteristics of conically cambered delta wings. Analysis of photographic data identified the existence of 12 distinctive lee-side flow types.

Regolith and Environment Science and Oxygen and Lunar Volatile Extraction (RESOLVE): Lunar Advanced Volatile Analysis (LAVA) Integration and Testing - Evaluation of Lee Valve

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bower, Hannah; Cryderman, Kate; Captain, Janine

2016-01-01

The Resource Prospector (RP) mission with the Regolith and Environment Science and Oxygen and Lunar Volatile Extraction (RESOLVE) payload will prospect for water within the lunar regolith and provide a proof of concept for In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) techniques, which could be used on future lunar and Martian missions. One system within the RESOLVE payload is the Lunar Advanced Volatiles Analysis (LAVA) subsystem, which consists of a Fluid Sub System (FSS) that transports volatiles to the Gas Chromatograph-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS) instrument. In order for the FSS to transport precise and accurate amounts of volatiles to the GC-MS instrumentation, high performance valves are used within the system. The focus of this investigation is to evaluate the redesigned Lee valve. Further work is needed to continue to evaluate the Lee valve. Initial data shows that the valve could meet our requirements however further work is required to raise the TRL to an acceptable level to be included in the flight design of the system. At this time the risk is too high to change our baseline design to include these non-latching Lee solenoid valves.

Atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli as aetiologic agents of sporadic and outbreak-associated diarrhoea in Brazil.

PubMed

Vieira, Melissa A; Dos Santos, Luís F; Dias, Regiane C B; Camargo, Carlos H; Pinheiro, Sandra R S; Gomes, Tânia A T; Hernandes, Rodrigo T

2016-09-01

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) are important agents of diarrhoea in industrialized as well as developing countries, such as Brazil. The hallmark of EPEC pathogenesis is the establishment of attaching and effacing lesions in enterocytes, in which pedestal-like structures are formed underneath adherent bacteria. EPEC are divided into two subgroups, typical (tEPEC) and atypical (aEPEC), based on the presence of the EPEC adherence factor plasmid in tEPEC and its absence in aEPEC. This study was designed to characterize 82 aEPEC isolates obtained from stool samples of diarrhoeic patients during 2012 and 2013 in Brazil. The majority of the aEPEC were assigned to the phylo-group B1 (48.8 %), and intimin subtypes θ (20.7 %), β1 (9.7 %) and λ (9.7 %) were the most prevalent among the isolates. The nleB and nleE genes were concomitantly detected in 32.9 % of the isolates, demonstrating the occurrence of the pathogenicity island O122 among them. The O157-plasmid genes (ehxA and/or espP) were detected in 7.3 % of the isolates, suggesting that some aEPEC could be derived from Shiga-toxin-producing E. coli that lost the stx genes while trafficking in the host. PFGE of 14 aEPEC of serotypes O2 : H16, O33 : H34, O39 : H9, O108 : H- and ONT : H19 isolated from five distinct outbreaks showed serotype-specific PFGE clusters, indicating a high degree of similarity among the isolates from the same event, thus highlighting these serotypes as potential aetiologic agents of diarrhoeal outbreaks in Brazil.

Identification of epitopes recognised by mucosal CD4(+) T-cell populations from cattle experimentally colonised with Escherichia coli O157:H7.

PubMed

Corbishley, Alexander; Connelley, Timothy K; Wolfson, Eliza B; Ballingall, Keith; Beckett, Amy E; Gally, David L; McNeilly, Tom N

2016-09-02

Vaccines targeting enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 shedding in cattle are only partially protective. The correlates of protection of these vaccines are unknown, but it is probable that they reduce bacterial adherence at the mucosal surface via the induction of blocking antibodies. Recent studies have indicated a role for cellular immunity in cattle during colonisation, providing an impetus to understand the bacterial epitopes recognised during this response. This study mapped the epitopes of 16 EHEC O157:H7 proteins recognised by rectal lymph node CD4(+) T-cells from calves colonised with Shiga toxin producing EHEC O157:H7 strains. 20 CD4(+) T-cell epitopes specific to E. coli from 7 of the proteins were identified. The highly conserved N-terminal region of Intimin, including the signal peptide, was consistently recognised by mucosal CD4(+) T-cell populations from multiple animals of different major histocompatibility complex class II haplotypes. These T-cell epitopes are missing from many Intimin constructs used in published vaccine trials, but are relatively conserved across a range of EHEC serotypes, offering the potential to develop cross protective vaccines. Antibodies recognising H7 flagellin have been consistently identified in colonised calves; however CD4(+) T-cell epitopes from H7 flagellin were not identified in this study, suggesting that H7 flagellin may act as a T-cell independent antigen. This is the first time that the epitopes recognised by CD4(+) T-cells following colonisation with an attaching and effacing pathogen have been characterised in any species. The findings have implications for the design of antigens used in the next generation of EHEC O157:H7 vaccines.

RegA, an AraC-like protein, is a global transcriptional regulator that controls virulence gene expression in Citrobacter rodentium.

PubMed

Hart, Emily; Yang, Ji; Tauschek, Marija; Kelly, Michelle; Wakefield, Matthew J; Frankel, Gad; Hartland, Elizabeth L; Robins-Browne, Roy M

2008-11-01

Citrobacter rodentium is an attaching and effacing pathogen which causes transmissible colonic hyperplasia in mice. Infection with C. rodentium serves as a model for infection of humans with enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli. To identify novel colonization factors of C. rodentium, we screened a signature-tagged mutant library of C. rodentium in mice. One noncolonizing mutant had a single transposon insertion in an open reading frame (ORF) which we designated regA because of its homology to genes encoding members of the AraC family of transcriptional regulators. Deletion of regA in C. rodentium resulted in markedly reduced colonization of the mouse intestine. Examination of lacZ transcriptional fusions using promoter regions of known and putative virulence-associated genes of C. rodentium revealed that RegA strongly stimulated transcription of two newly identified genes located close to regA, which we designated adcA and kfcC. The cloned adcA gene conferred autoaggregation and adherence to mammalian cells to E. coli strain DH5alpha, and a kfc mutation led to a reduction in the duration of intestinal colonization, but the kfc mutant was far less attenuated than the regA mutant. These results indicated that other genes of C. rodentium whose expression required activation by RegA were required for colonization. Microarray analysis revealed a number of RegA-regulated ORFs encoding proteins homologous to known colonization factors. Transcription of these putative virulence determinants was activated by RegA only in the presence of sodium bicarbonate. Taken together, these results show that RegA is a global regulator of virulence in C. rodentium which activates factors that are required for intestinal colonization.

RegA, an AraC-Like Protein, Is a Global Transcriptional Regulator That Controls Virulence Gene Expression in Citrobacter rodentium▿

PubMed Central

Hart, Emily; Yang, Ji; Tauschek, Marija; Kelly, Michelle; Wakefield, Matthew J.; Frankel, Gad; Hartland, Elizabeth L.; Robins-Browne, Roy M.

2008-01-01

Citrobacter rodentium is an attaching and effacing pathogen which causes transmissible colonic hyperplasia in mice. Infection with C. rodentium serves as a model for infection of humans with enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli. To identify novel colonization factors of C. rodentium, we screened a signature-tagged mutant library of C. rodentium in mice. One noncolonizing mutant had a single transposon insertion in an open reading frame (ORF) which we designated regA because of its homology to genes encoding members of the AraC family of transcriptional regulators. Deletion of regA in C. rodentium resulted in markedly reduced colonization of the mouse intestine. Examination of lacZ transcriptional fusions using promoter regions of known and putative virulence-associated genes of C. rodentium revealed that RegA strongly stimulated transcription of two newly identified genes located close to regA, which we designated adcA and kfcC. The cloned adcA gene conferred autoaggregation and adherence to mammalian cells to E. coli strain DH5α, and a kfc mutation led to a reduction in the duration of intestinal colonization, but the kfc mutant was far less attenuated than the regA mutant. These results indicated that other genes of C. rodentium whose expression required activation by RegA were required for colonization. Microarray analysis revealed a number of RegA-regulated ORFs encoding proteins homologous to known colonization factors. Transcription of these putative virulence determinants was activated by RegA only in the presence of sodium bicarbonate. Taken together, these results show that RegA is a global regulator of virulence in C. rodentium which activates factors that are required for intestinal colonization. PMID:18765720

Increased urine semaphorin-3A is associated with renal damage in hypertensive patients with chronic kidney disease: a nested case-control study.

PubMed

Viazzi, Francesca; Ramesh, Ganesan; Jayakumar, Calpurnia; Leoncini, Giovanna; Garneri, Debora; Pontremoli, Roberto

2015-06-01

Semaphorins are guidance proteins implicated in several processes such as angiogenesis, organogenesis, cell migration, and cytokine release. Experimental studies showed that semaphorin-3a (SEMA3A) administration induces transient massive proteinuria, podocyte foot process effacement and endothelial cell damage in healthy animals. While SEMA3A signaling has been demonstrated to be mechanistically involved in experimental diabetic glomerulopathy and in acute kidney injury, to date its role in human chronic kidney disease (CKD) has not been investigated. To test the hypothesis that SEMA3A may play a role in human CKD, we performed a cross-sectional, nested, case-control study on 151 matched hypertensive patients with and without CKD. SEMA3A was quantified in the urine (USEMA) by ELISA. Glomerular filtration rate was estimated (eGFR) by the CKD-EPI formula and albuminuria was measured as albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR). USEMA levels were positively correlated with urine ACR (p = 0.001) and serum creatinine (p < 0.001). USEMA was higher in patients with both components of renal damage as compared to those with only one and those with normal renal function (p < 0.007 and <0.001, respectively). The presence of increased USEMA levels (i.e. top quartile) entailed a fourfold higher risk of combined renal damage (p < 0.001) and an almost twofold higher risk of macroalbuminuria (p = 0.005) or of reduced eGFR, even adjusting for confounding factors (p = 0.002). USEMA is independently associated with CKD in both diabetic and non diabetic hypertensive patients. Further studies may help clarify the mechanisms underlying this association and possibly the pathogenic changes leading to the development of CKD.

Analysis of a food-borne fungal pathogen outbreak: virulence and genome of a Mucor circinelloides isolate from yogurt.

PubMed

Lee, Soo Chan; Billmyre, R Blake; Li, Alicia; Carson, Sandra; Sykes, Sean M; Huh, Eun Young; Mieczkowski, Piotr; Ko, Dennis C; Cuomo, Christina A; Heitman, Joseph

2014-07-08

Food-borne pathogens are ongoing problems, and new pathogens are emerging. The impact of fungi, however, is largely underestimated. Recently, commercial yogurts contaminated with Mucor circinelloides were sold, and >200 consumers became ill with nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Mucoralean fungi cause the fatal fungal infection mucormycosis, whose incidence has been continuously increasing. In this study, we isolated an M. circinelloides strain from a yogurt container, and multilocus sequence typing identified the strain as Mucor circinelloides f. circinelloides. M. circinelloides f. circinelloides is the most virulent M. circinelloides subspecies and is commonly associated with human infections, whereas M. circinelloides f. lusitanicus and M. circinelloides f. griseocyanus are less common causes of infection. Whole-genome analysis of the yogurt isolate confirmed it as being close to the M. circinelloides f. circinelloides subgroup, with a higher percentage of divergence with the M. circinelloides f. lusitanicus subgroup. In mating assays, the yogurt isolate formed sexual zygospores with the (-) M. circinelloides f. circinelloides tester strain, which is congruent with its sex locus encoding SexP, the (+) mating type sex determinant. The yogurt isolate was virulent in murine and wax moth larva host systems. In a murine gastromucormycosis model, Mucor was recovered from fecal samples of infected mice for up to 10 days, indicating that Mucor can survive transit through the GI tract. In interactions with human immune cells, M. circinelloides f. lusitanicus induced proinflammatory cytokines but M. circinelloides f. circinelloides did not, which may explain the different levels of virulence in mammalian hosts. This study demonstrates that M. circinelloides can spoil food products and cause gastrointestinal illness in consumers and may pose a particular risk to immunocompromised patients. Importance: The U.S. FDA reported that yogurt products were contaminated with M. circinelloides, a mucoralean fungal pathogen, and >200 consumers complained of symptoms, including vomiting, nausea, and diarrhea. The manufacturer voluntarily withdrew the affected yogurt products from the market. Compared to other food-borne pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and parasites, less focus has been placed on the risk of fungal pathogens. This study evaluates the potential risk from the food-borne fungal pathogen M. circinelloides that was isolated from the contaminated commercial yogurt. We successfully cultured an M. circinelloides isolate and found that the isolate belongs to the species M. circinelloides f. circinelloides, which is often associated with human infections. In murine and insect host models, the isolate was virulent. While information disseminated in the popular press would suggest this fungal contaminant poses little or no risk to consumers, our results show instead that it is capable of causing significant infections in animals. Copyright © 2014 Lee et al.

COLLISIONALLY BORN FAMILY ABOUT 87 SYLVIA

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Vokrouhlicky, David; Nesvorny, David; Bottke, William F.

There are currently more than 1000 multi-opposition objects known in the Cybele population, adjacent and exterior to the asteroid main belt, allowing a more detailed analysis than was previously possible. Searching for collisionally born clusters in this population, we find only one statistically robust case: a family of objects about (87) Sylvia. We use a numerical model to simulate the Sylvia family long-term evolution due to gravitational attraction from planets and thermal (Yarkovsky) effects and to explain its perturbed structure in the orbital element space. This allows us to conclude that the Sylvia family must be at least several hundredsmore » of million years old, in agreement with evolutionary timescales of Sylvia's satellite system. We find it interesting that other large Cybele-zone asteroids with known satellites-(107) Camilla and (121) Hermione-do not have detectable families of collisional fragments about them (this is because we assume that binaries with large primary and small secondary components are necessarily impact generated). Our numerical simulations of synthetic clusters about these asteroids show they would suffer a substantial dynamical depletion by a combined effect of diffusion in numerous weak mean-motion resonances and Yarkovsky forces provided their age is close to {approx}4 billion years. However, we also believe that a complete effacement of these two families requires an additional component, very likely due to resonance sweeping or other perturbing effects associated with the late Jupiter's inward migration. We thus propose that both Camilla and Hermione originally had their collisional families, as in the Sylvia case, but they lost them in an evolution that lasted a billion years. Their satellites are the only witnesses of these effaced families.« less

Nephrin Tyrosine Phosphorylation Is Required to Stabilize and Restore Podocyte Foot Process Architecture

PubMed Central

New, Laura A.; Martin, Claire E.; Scott, Rizaldy P.; Platt, Mathew J.; Keyvani Chahi, Ava; Stringer, Colin D.; Lu, Peihua; Samborska, Bozena; Eremina, Vera; Takano, Tomoko; Simpson, Jeremy A.; Quaggin, Susan E.

2016-01-01

Podocytes are specialized epithelial cells of the kidney blood filtration barrier that contribute to permselectivity via a series of interdigitating actin–rich foot processes. Positioned between adjacent projections is a unique cell junction known as the slit diaphragm, which is physically connected to the actin cytoskeleton via the transmembrane protein nephrin. Evidence indicates that tyrosine phosphorylation of the intracellular tail of nephrin initiates signaling events, including recruitment of cytoplasmic adaptor proteins Nck1 and Nck2 that regulate actin cytoskeletal dynamics. Nephrin tyrosine phosphorylation is altered in human and experimental renal diseases characterized by pathologic foot process remodeling, prompting the hypothesis that phosphonephrin signaling directly influences podocyte morphology. To explore this possibility, we generated and analyzed knockin mice with mutations that disrupt nephrin tyrosine phosphorylation and Nck1/2 binding (nephrinY3F/Y3F mice). Homozygous nephrinY3F/Y3F mice developed progressive proteinuria accompanied by structural changes in the filtration barrier, including podocyte foot process effacement, irregular thickening of the glomerular basement membrane, and dilated capillary loops, with a similar but later onset phenotype in heterozygous animals. Furthermore, compared with wild-type mice, nephrinY3F/Y3F mice displayed delayed recovery in podocyte injury models. Profiling of nephrin tyrosine phosphorylation dynamics in wild-type mice subjected to podocyte injury indicated site-specific differences in phosphorylation at baseline, injury, and recovery, which correlated with loss of nephrin-Nck1/2 association during foot process effacement. Our results define an essential requirement for nephrin tyrosine phosphorylation in stabilizing podocyte morphology and suggest a model in which dynamic changes in phosphotyrosine-based signaling confer plasticity to the podocyte actin cytoskeleton. PMID:26802179

Biophysical Characterization and Activity of Lymphostatin, a Multifunctional Virulence Factor of Attaching and Effacing Escherichia coli *

PubMed Central

Cassady-Cain, Robin L.; Blackburn, Elizabeth A.; Alsarraf, Husam; Dedic, Emil; Bease, Andrew G.; Böttcher, Bettina; Jørgensen, René; Wear, Martin; Stevens, Mark P.

2016-01-01

Attaching and effacing Escherichia coli cause diarrhea and typically produce lymphostatin (LifA), an inhibitor of mitogen-activated proliferation of lymphocytes and pro-inflammatory cytokine synthesis. A near-identical factor (Efa1) has been reported to mediate adherence of E. coli to epithelial cells. An amino-terminal region of LifA shares homology with the catalytic domain of the large clostridial toxins, which are retaining glycosyltransferases with a DXD motif involved in binding of a metal ion. Understanding the mode(s) of action of lymphostatin has been constrained by difficulties obtaining a stably transformed plasmid expression clone. We constructed a tightly inducible clone of enteropathogenic E. coli O127:H6 lifA for affinity purification of lymphostatin. The purified protein inhibited mitogen-activated proliferation of bovine T lymphocytes in the femtomolar range. It is a monomer in solution and the molecular envelope was determined using both transmission electron microscopy and small-angle x-ray scattering. Domain architecture was further studied by limited proteolysis. The largest proteolytic fragment containing the putative glycosyltransferase domain was tested in isolation for activity against T cells, and was not sufficient for activity. Tryptophan fluorescence studies indicated thatlymphostatin binds uridine diphosphate-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) but not UDP-glucose (UDP-Glc). Substitution of the predicted DXD glycosyltransferase motif with alanine residues abolished UDP-GlcNAc binding and lymphostatin activity, although other biophysical properties were unchanged. The data indicate that lymphostatin has UDP-sugar binding potential that is critical for activity, and is a major leap toward identifying the nature and consequences of modifications of host cell factors. PMID:26786100

Transcriptional patterns in both host and bacterium underlie a daily rhythm of anatomical and metabolic change in a beneficial symbiosis.

PubMed

Wier, Andrew M; Nyholm, Spencer V; Mandel, Mark J; Massengo-Tiassé, R Prisca; Schaefer, Amy L; Koroleva, Irina; Splinter-Bondurant, Sandra; Brown, Bartley; Manzella, Liliana; Snir, Einat; Almabrazi, Hakeem; Scheetz, Todd E; Bonaldo, Maria de Fatima; Casavant, Thomas L; Soares, M Bento; Cronan, John E; Reed, Jennifer L; Ruby, Edward G; McFall-Ngai, Margaret J

2010-02-02

Mechanisms for controlling symbiont populations are critical for maintaining the associations that exist between a host and its microbial partners. We describe here the transcriptional, metabolic, and ultrastructural characteristics of a diel rhythm that occurs in the symbiosis between the squid Euprymna scolopes and the luminous bacterium Vibrio fischeri. The rhythm is driven by the host's expulsion from its light-emitting organ of most of the symbiont population each day at dawn. The transcriptomes of both the host epithelium that supports the symbionts and the symbiont population itself were characterized and compared at four times over this daily cycle. The greatest fluctuation in gene expression of both partners occurred as the day began. Most notable was an up-regulation in the host of >50 cytoskeleton-related genes just before dawn and their subsequent down-regulation within 6 h. Examination of the epithelium by TEM revealed a corresponding restructuring, characterized by effacement and blebbing of its apical surface. After the dawn expulsion, the epithelium reestablished its polarity, and the residual symbionts began growing, repopulating the light organ. Analysis of the symbiont transcriptome suggested that the bacteria respond to the effacement by up-regulating genes associated with anaerobic respiration of glycerol; supporting this finding, lipid analysis of the symbionts' membranes indicated a direct incorporation of host-derived fatty acids. After 12 h, the metabolic signature of the symbiont population shifted to one characteristic of chitin fermentation, which continued until the following dawn. Thus, the persistent maintenance of the squid-vibrio symbiosis is tied to a dynamic diel rhythm that involves both partners.

The impact of gastric distension on the lower esophageal sphincter and its exposure to acid gastric juice.

PubMed

Ayazi, Shahin; Tamhankar, Anand; DeMeester, Steven R; Zehetner, Joerg; Wu, Calvin; Lipham, John C; Hagen, Jeffrey A; DeMeester, Tom R

2010-07-01

The lower esophageal sphincter (LES) in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease often has a low resting pressure and a short abdominal length. The mechanism by which this occurs is unknown. We hypothesize that gastric distension causes progressive effacement of the abdominal portion of the LES, exposing it to acid injury resulting in mucosal and sphincter damage. Our aim was to assess in normal subjects the effect of gastric distension on the LES length and pressure and its exposure to acid gastric juice. Eleven asymptomatic volunteers had their LES length and pressure measured before and during gastric distension. The location of the pH step-up point (shift from gastric pH to a pH >4) was also measured before and after distension. Progressive gastric distension with air resulted in progressive shortening of LES (R = 0.89, P < 0.0001). After infusion of 750 cc of air there was a significant reduction in the median LES length from 4 to 2.6 cm (P = 0.001). This change occurred in the abdominal length of the LES (2.6-1.4 cm [P = 0.001]) and not in the thoracic length. At rest the pH step-up point was 0.5 cm above the lower border of the LES and with distension moved a median of 1 cm cephalad within the LES. Simultaneously with the loss of length there was a reduction in LES pressure (27.4-23.4 mm Hg, P = 0.02). Gastric distension causes progressive shortening of the abdominal length of the LES and a reduction in its pressure. The process exposes the effaced mucosa and sphincter to acid gastric juice.

Closing the Loop on Visa Security: A Case for Change

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-12-01

in order to accomplish a shared goal (Gerencser, Lee, Napolitano, & Kelly ). The literature leaves room for further research regarding what policies...Secretary of State for Consular Affairs Maura Harty described responsibilities that remain with the DOS: The Secretary of State will have...Van Lee, R., Napolitano, F. & Kelly , C. (2008). Megacommunities: How leaders of government, business and non-profits can tackle today ’s global

NASA Acting Deputy Chief Technologist Vicki Crisp Discusses Sierra Nevada Corporation's Dream Chaser with Lee Archambault

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-08-30

NASA Acting Deputy Chief Technologist Vicki Crisp discusses Sierra Nevada Corporation’s Dream Chaser captive carry flight and future tests with former Astronaut Lee "Bru" Archambault, who is now a test pilot for the American company. The Dream Chaser completed a successful captive carry flight at NASA’s Armstrong Flight Research Center at Edwards, California, on Aug. 30, 2017.

Exploratory High Pressure Chemistry.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-03-31

Inhibition of Carbon Dioxide Loss," J.A. Gladysz, S.J. Lee, J.A.V. Tomasello , and Y.S. Yu, J. Org. Chem., 42, 4179 (1977). (2) "Ene Reactions of -Pinene...Graduate Student: Mr. Wilfried Krone-Schmidt A portion of Wilfried’s Ph.D. thesis will be based upon this project. (3) Undergraduate Students: Mr. David Parker Mr. Ron Ugolick Mr. Yeung Yu Mr. Jim Tomasello Mr. Sung Lee

ARC-2009-ACD09-0261-013

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-12-10

Korean High Level Delegation Visit Ames Certer Director and various Senior staff: Dan Andrews give presentation about LCROSS/LRO to Seorium Lee, Senior Researcher, International Relations Korea Aerospace Research Institute, Soon-Duk Bae, Deputy Director, Big Science Policy Division, Ministry of Educaiton, Science Technology, Young-Mok Hyun, Deputy Director, Space Development Division, Ministry of Educaiton, Science Technology, Seorium Lee, Senior Researcher, International Relations Korea Aerospace Research Institute.

Army-UNL Center for Trauma Mechanics

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-03-07

Jung Yul Lim, Dr. Joseph A. Turner, Dr. Florin Bobaru, Dr. Mehrdad Negahban University of Nebraska Research Grants & Contracts 303 Administration...none) 1. Matthew Nienaber,* Jeong Soon Lee,* Ruqiang Feng, Jung Yul Lim. Impulsive pressurization of neuronal cells for traumatic brain injury study...Toronto, Canada, October 16-18, 2010. 11. Jeong Soon Lee, Matthew Nienaber, Ruqiang Feng, Jung Yul Lim. Impulsive pressurization of neuronal cells for

Defense: FY2014 Authorization and Appropriations

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-01-08

Jackson Lee H.Amdt. 354 Move $10 million to increase funding for research on breast cancer agreed to voice vote Other Funding Increases...28 Deputy Secretary of Defense Ashton B. Carter, “Remarks on the U.S;- India Defense Partnership at the Center...research on prostate cancer agreed to voice vote Jackson Lee H.Amdt. 351 Move $500,000 to increase funding for PTSD treatment agreed to voice vote

Further Clarification on the Hom, Mitchell, Lee, and Griffeth (2012) Model: Reply to Bergman, Payne, and Boswell (2012) and Maertz (2012)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Griffeth, Rodger W.; Lee, Thomas W.; Mitchell, Terence R.; Hom, Peter W.

2012-01-01

In this article, we reply to Bergman, Payne, and Boswell (2012) and Maertz (2012), who commented on our reconceptualization of the employee turnover criterion and proximal withdrawal states (Hom, Mitchell, Lee, & Griffeth, 2012). We agree with some points (e.g., anticipated destinations) but take issue with others (e.g., turnover intentions as…

Q & A with Ed Tech Leaders: Interview with Curtis J. Bonk, Mimi Miyoung Lee, Thomas C. Reeves, & Thomas H. Reynolds

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Viner, Mark; Gardner, Ellen; Shaughnessy, Michael F.

2016-01-01

Curtis J. Bonk, is Professor of Instructional Systems Technology at Indiana University and President of CourseShare. Mimi Miyoung Lee is Associate Professor in the Department of Curriculum and instruction at the University of Houston. Thomas C. Reeves is Professor Emeritus of Learning, Design, and Technology at the University of Georgia. Thomas H.…

A vertical perspective of Santa Ana winds in a canyon

Treesearch

Bill C. Ryan

1969-01-01

The cross-section analyses of the 3 days of weak Santa Ana conditions reveal how rapid changes in windspeed and direction may occur under these conditions. The analyses indicate the significant dip of the wind field down the lee side of the range even under relatively light wind conditions, and show how opposing wind systems interact on the lee side to allow rapidly...

What the Butler Saw: Lee Daniels's Studies in Biography and History

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Beck, Bernard

2014-01-01

The movie "Lee Daniels' The Butler" is an example of a work that is meant not only to entertain but to convey an important attitude and offer important viewpoints. The movie deals with a deep issue in the history of movies and the history of the country: racial inequality. Three issues are discussed in this article: (a) African…