Common Methodology for Efficient Airspace Operations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sridhar, Banavar

2012-01-01

Topics include: a) Developing a common methodology to model and avoid disturbances affecting airspace. b) Integrated contrails and emission models to a national level airspace simulation. c) Developed capability to visualize, evaluate technology and alternate operational concepts and provide inputs for policy-analysis tools to reduce the impact of aviation on the environment. d) Collaborating with Volpe Research Center, NOAA and DLR to leverage expertise and tools in aircraft emissions and weather/climate modeling. Airspace operations is a trade-off balancing safety, capacity, efficiency and environmental considerations. Ideal flight: Unimpeded wind optimal route with optimal climb and descent. Operations degraded due to reduction in airport and airspace capacity caused by inefficient procedures and disturbances.

Research Initiatives and Preliminary Results In Automation Design In Airspace Management in Free Flight

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Corker, Kevin; Lebacqz, J. Victor (Technical Monitor)

1997-01-01

The NASA and the FAA have entered into a joint venture to explore, define, design and implement a new airspace management operating concept. The fundamental premise of that concept is that technologies and procedures need to be developed for flight deck and ground operations to improve the efficiency, the predictability, the flexibility and the safety of airspace management and operations. To that end NASA Ames has undertaken an initial development and exploration of "key concepts" in the free flight airspace management technology development. Human Factors issues in automation aiding design, coupled aiding systems between air and ground, communication protocols in distributed decision making, and analytic techniques for definition of concepts of airspace density and operator cognitive load have been undertaken. This paper reports the progress of these efforts, which are not intended to definitively solve the many evolving issues of design for future ATM systems, but to provide preliminary results to chart the parameters of performance and the topology of the analytic effort required. The preliminary research in provision of cockpit display of traffic information, dynamic density definition, distributed decision making, situation awareness models and human performance models is discussed as they focus on the theme of "design requirements".

Enabling Airspace Integration for High-Density On-Demand Mobility Operations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mueller, Eric; Kopardekar, Parimal; Goodrich, Kenneth H.

2017-01-01

Aviation technologies and concepts have reached a level of maturity that may soon enable an era of on-demand mobility (ODM) fueled by quiet, efficient, and largely automated air taxis. However, successfully bringing such a system to fruition will require introducing orders of magnitude more aircraft to a given airspace volume than can be accommodated by the traditional air traffic control system, among other important technical challenges. The airspace integration problem is further compounded by requirements to set aside appropriate ground infrastructure for take-off and landing areas and ensuring these new aircraft types and their operations do not burden traditional airspace users and air traffic control. This airspace integration challenge may be significantly reduced by extending the concepts and technologies developed to manage small unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) at low altitudethe UAS traffic management (UTM) systemto higher altitudes and new aircraft types, or by equipping ODM aircraft with advanced sensors, algorithms, and interfaces. The precedent of operational freedom inherent in visual flight rules and the technologies developed for large UAS and commercial aircraft automation will contribute to the evolution of an ODM system enabled by UTM. This paper describes the set of air traffic services, normally provided by the traditional air traffic system, that an ODM system would implement to achieve the high densities needed for ODMs economic viability. Finally, the paper proposes a framework for integrating, evaluating, and deploying low-, medium-, and high-density ODM concepts that build on each other to ensure operational and economic feasibility at every step.

Interaction of Airspace Partitions and Traffic Flow Management Delay

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Palopo, Kee; Chatterji, Gano B.; Lee, Hak-Tae

2010-01-01

To ensure that air traffic demand does not exceed airport and airspace capacities, traffic management restrictions, such as delaying aircraft on the ground, assigning them different routes and metering them in the airspace, are implemented. To reduce the delays resulting from these restrictions, revising the partitioning of airspace has been proposed to distribute capacity to yield a more efficient airspace configuration. The capacity of an airspace partition, commonly referred to as a sector, is limited by the number of flights that an air traffic controller can safely manage within the sector. Where viable, re-partitioning of the airspace distributes the flights over more efficient sectors and reduces individual sector demand. This increases the overall airspace efficiency, but requires additional resources in some sectors in terms of controllers and equipment, which is undesirable. This study examines the tradeoff of the number of sectors designed for a specified amount of traffic in a clear-weather day and the delays needed for accommodating the traffic demand. Results show that most of the delays are caused by airport arrival and departure capacity constraints. Some delays caused by airspace capacity constraints can be eliminated by re-partitioning the airspace. Analyses show that about 360 high-altitude sectors, which are approximately today s operational number of sectors of 373, are adequate for delays to be driven solely by airport capacity constraints for the current daily air traffic demand. For a marginal increase of 15 seconds of average delay, the number of sectors can be reduced to 283. In addition, simulations of traffic growths of 15% and 20% with forecasted airport capacities in the years 2018 and 2025 show that delays will continue to be governed by airport capacities. In clear-weather days, for small increases in traffic demand, increasing sector capacities will have almost no effect on delays.

Autonomous System Technologies for Resilient Airspace Operations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Houston, Vincent E.; Le Vie, Lisa R.

2017-01-01

Increasing autonomous systems within the aircraft cockpit begins with an effort to understand what autonomy is and developing the technology that encompasses it. Autonomy allows an agent, human or machine, to act independently within a circumscribed set of goals; delegating responsibility to the agent(s) to achieve overall system objective(s). Increasingly Autonomous Systems (IAS) are the highly sophisticated progression of current automated systems toward full autonomy. Working in concert with humans, these types of technologies are expected to improve the safety, reliability, costs, and operational efficiency of aviation. IAS implementation is imminent, which makes the development and the proper performance of such technologies, with respect to cockpit operation efficiency, the management of air traffic and data communication information, vital. A prototype IAS agent that attempts to optimize the identification and distribution of "relevant" air traffic data to be utilized by human crews during complex airspace operations has been developed.

Development of Complexity Science and Technology Tools for NextGen Airspace Research and Applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Holmes, Bruce J.; Sawhill, Bruce K.; Herriot, James; Seehart, Ken; Zellweger, Dres; Shay, Rick

2012-01-01

The objective of this research by NextGen AeroSciences, LLC is twofold: 1) to deliver an initial "toolbox" of algorithms, agent-based structures, and method descriptions for introducing trajectory agency as a methodology for simulating and analyzing airspace states, including bulk properties of large numbers of heterogeneous 4D aircraft trajectories in a test airspace -- while maintaining or increasing system safety; and 2) to use these tools in a test airspace to identify possible phase transition structure to predict when an airspace will approach the limits of its capacity. These 4D trajectories continuously replan their paths in the presence of noise and uncertainty while optimizing performance measures and performing conflict detection and resolution. In this approach, trajectories are represented as extended objects endowed with pseudopotential, maintaining time and fuel-efficient paths by bending just enough to accommodate separation while remaining inside of performance envelopes. This trajectory-centric approach differs from previous aircraft-centric distributed approaches to deconfliction. The results of this project are the following: 1) we delivered a toolbox of algorithms, agent-based structures and method descriptions as pseudocode; and 2) we corroborated the existence of phase transition structure in simulation with the addition of "early warning" detected prior to "full" airspace. This research suggests that airspace "fullness" can be anticipated and remedied before the airspace becomes unsafe.

Air traffic management as principled negotiation between intelligent agents

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wangermann, J. P.

1994-01-01

The major challenge facing the world's aircraft/airspace system (AAS) today is the need to provide increased capacity, while reducing delays, increasing the efficiency of flight operations, and improving safety. Technologies are emerging that should improve the performance of the system, but which could also introduce uncertainty, disputes, and inefficiency if not properly implemented. The aim of our research is to apply techniques from intelligent control theory and decision-making theory to define an Intelligent Aircraft/Airspace System (IAAS) for the year 2025. The IAAS would make effective use of the technical capabilities of all parts of the system to meet the demand for increased capacity with improved performance.

Metrics for the NASA Airspace Systems Program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Smith, Jeremy C.; Neitzke, Kurt W.

2009-01-01

This document defines an initial set of metrics for use by the NASA Airspace Systems Program (ASP). ASP consists of the NextGen-Airspace Project and the NextGen-Airportal Project. The work in each project is organized along multiple, discipline-level Research Focus Areas (RFAs). Each RFA is developing future concept elements in support of the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen), as defined by the Joint Planning and Development Office (JPDO). In addition, a single, system-level RFA is responsible for integrating concept elements across RFAs in both projects and for assessing system-wide benefits. The primary purpose of this document is to define a common set of metrics for measuring National Airspace System (NAS) performance before and after the introduction of ASP-developed concepts for NextGen as the system handles increasing traffic. The metrics are directly traceable to NextGen goals and objectives as defined by the JPDO and hence will be used to measure the progress of ASP research toward reaching those goals. The scope of this document is focused on defining a common set of metrics for measuring NAS capacity, efficiency, robustness, and safety at the system-level and at the RFA-level. Use of common metrics will focus ASP research toward achieving system-level performance goals and objectives and enable the discipline-level RFAs to evaluate the impact of their concepts at the system level.

Enabling Airspace Integration for High Density Urban Air Mobility

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mueller, Eric Richard

2017-01-01

Aviation technologies and concepts have reached a level of maturity that may soon enable an era of on-demand mobility (ODM) fueled by quiet, efficient, and largely automated air taxis. However, successfully bringing such a system to fruition will require introducing orders of magnitude more aircraft to a given airspace volume than can be accommodated by the traditional air traffic control system, among other important technical challenges. The airspace integration problem is further compounded by requirements to set aside appropriate ground infrastructure for take-off and landing areas and ensuring these new aircraft types and their operations do not burden traditional airspace users and air traffic control. These challenge for ODM may be significantly reduced by extending the concepts and technologies developed to manage small unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) at low altitude the UAS traffic management (UTM) system to higher altitudes and aircraft with humans onboard in controlled airspace, or by equipping ODM aircraft with advanced sensors, algorithms, and interfaces. The precedent of operational freedom inherent in visual flight rules and the technologies developed for large UAS and commercial aircraft automation will contribute to the evolution of an ODM system enabled by UTM. This paper describes the set of air traffic services, normally provided by the traditional air traffic system, that an ODM system would implement to achieve the high densities needed for ODMs economic viability. Finally, the paper proposes a framework for integrating, evaluating, and deploying low-, medium-, and high-density ODM concepts that build on each other to ensure operational and economic feasibility at every step.

Enabling Airspace Integration for High-Density On-Demand Mobility Operations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mueller, Eric; Kopardekar, Parimal; Goodrich, Kenneth H.

2017-01-01

Aviation technologies and concepts have reached a level of maturity that may soon enable an era of on-demand mobility (ODM) fueled by quiet, efficient, and largely automated air taxis. However, successfully bringing such a system to fruition will require introducing orders of magnitude more aircraft to a given airspace volume than can be accommodated by the traditional air traffic control system, among other important technical challenges. The airspace integration problem is further compounded by requirements to set aside appropriate ground infrastructure for take-off and landing areas and ensuring these new aircraft types and their operations do not burden traditional airspace users and air traffic control. This airspace integration challenge may be significantly reduced by extending the concepts and technologies developed to manage small unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) at low altitude - the UAS traffic management (UTM) system - to higher altitudes and new aircraft types, or by equipping ODM aircraft with advanced sensors, algorithms, and interfaces. The precedent of operational freedom inherent in visual flight rules and the technologies developed for large UAS and commercial aircraft automation will contribute to the evolution of an ODM system enabled by UTM. This paper describes the set of air traffic services, normally provided by the traditional air traffic system, that an ODM system would implement to achieve the high densities needed for ODM's economic viability. Finally, the paper proposes a framework for integrating, evaluating, and deploying low-, medium-, and high-density ODM concepts that build on each other to ensure operational and economic feasibility at every step.

Airspace Systems Program: Next Generation Air Transportation System Concepts and Technology Development FY2010 Project Plan Version 3.0

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kopardekar, Parimal H.

2010-01-01

This document describes the FY2010 plan for the management and execution of the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) Concepts and Technology Development (CTD) Project. The document was developed in response to guidance from the Airspace Systems Program (ASP), as approved by the Associate Administrator of the Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate (ARMD), and from guidelines in the Airspace Systems Program Plan. Congress established the multi-agency Joint Planning and Development Office (JPDO) in 2003 to develop a vision for the 2025 Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) and to define the research required to enable it. NASA is one of seven agency partners contributing to the effort. Accordingly, NASA's ARMD realigned the Airspace Systems Program in 2007 to "directly address the fundamental research needs of the Next Generation Air Transportation System...in partnership with the member agencies of the JPDO." The Program subsequently established two new projects to meet this objective: the NextGen-Airspace Project and the NextGen-Airportal Project. Together, the projects will also focus NASA s technical expertise and world-class facilities to address the question of where, when, how and the extent to which automation can be applied to moving aircraft safely and efficiently through the NAS and technologies that address optimal allocation of ground and air technologies necessary for NextGen. Additionally, the roles and responsibilities of humans and automation influence in the NAS will be addressed by both projects. Foundational concept and technology research and development begun under the NextGen-Airspace and NextGen-Airportal projects will continue. There will be no change in NASA Research Announcement (NRA) strategy, nor will there be any change to NASA interfaces with the JPDO, Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), Research Transition Teams (RTTs), or other stakeholders

Aeronautical Satellite-Assisted Process for Information Exchange Through Network Technologies (Aero-SAPIENT) Conducted

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zernic, Michael J.

2002-01-01

Broadband satellite communications for aeronautics marries communication and network technologies to address NASA's goals in information technology base research and development, thereby serving the safety and capacity needs of the National Airspace System. This marriage of technology increases the interactivity between airborne vehicles and ground systems. It improves decision-making and efficiency, reduces operation costs, and improves the safety and capacity of the National Airspace System. To this end, a collaborative project called the Aeronautical Satellite Assisted Process for Information Exchange through Network Technologies, or Aero-SAPIENT, was conducted out of Tinker AFB, Oklahoma, during November and December 2000.

An Overview of Current Capabilities and Research Activities in the Airspace Operations Laboratory at NASA Ames Research Center

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Prevot, Thomas; Smith, Nancy M.; Palmer, Everett; Callantine, Todd; Lee, Paul; Mercer, Joey; Homola, Jeff; Martin, Lynne; Brasil, Connie; Cabrall, Christopher

2014-01-01

The Airspace Operations Laboratory at NASA Ames conducts research to provide a better understanding of roles, responsibilities, and requirements for human operators and automation in future air traffic management (ATM) systems. The research encompasses developing, evaluating, and integrating operational concepts and technologies for near-, mid-, and far-term air traffic operations. Current research threads include efficient arrival operations, function allocation in separation assurance and efficient airspace and trajectory management. The AOL has developed powerful air traffic simulation capabilities, most notably the Multi Aircraft Control System (MACS) that is used for many air traffic control simulations at NASA and its partners in government, academia and industry. Several additional NASA technologies have been integrated with the AOL's primary simulation capabilities where appropriate. Using this environment, large and small-scale system-level evaluations can be conducted to help make near-term improvements and transition NASA technologies to the FAA, such as the technologies developed under NASA's Air Traffic Management Demonstration-1 (ATD-1). The AOL's rapid prototyping and flexible simulation capabilities have proven a highly effective environment to progress the initiation of trajectory-based operations and support the mid-term implementation of NextGen. Fundamental questions about accuracy requirements have been investigated as well as realworld problems on how to improve operations in some of the most complex airspaces in the US. This includes using advanced trajectory-based operations and prototype tools for coordinating arrivals to converging runways at Newark airport and coordinating departures and arrivals in the San Francisco and the New York metro areas. Looking beyond NextGen, the AOL has started exploring hybrid human/automation control strategies as well as highly autonomous operations in the air traffic control domain. Initial results indicate improved capacity, low operator workload, good situation awareness and acceptability for controllers teaming with autonomous air traffic systems. While much research and development needs to be conducted to make such concepts a reality, these approaches have the potential to truly transform the airspace system towards increased mobility, safe and efficient growth in global operations and enabling many of the new vehicles and operations that are expected over the next decades. This paper describes how the AOL currently contributes to the ongoing air transportation transformation.

Army Airspace Command and Control (A2C2): Action Plan for Issue Resolution

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-09-01

INFO Information INTEL Intelligence IPR In-Process Review IVIS Inter-Vehicular Information System JACC Joint Airspace Control Center JAOC Joint Air...base, centralized such as intelligence at Fort Huachuca and combat service support at Fort Lee , or a combination of both. It is no longer efficient to...Regiment (ATS) Ft. Bragg, NC 28307 ATTN: AFZF-ATS-C (LTC Ledbetter ) (919) 396-8899/7649 Bldg 87009, 16th Street Ft. Hood, TX 76544 Commander, 1st

Technologies for user-preferred routing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

McNally, B. D.; Sridhar, Banavar

1996-05-01

The 1995 report of the RTCA Board of Directors' Select Committee on Free Flight states that 'insufficient capacity, limited access, and excessive operating restrictions have escalated operating costs, increase delays, and decreased efficiency for all users' of the national airspace system. The Air Transport Association estimates the annual loss to be 3.5 billion dollars. The goal of the user preferred routing research is to develop integrated airborne and ground technologies that enable the highest possible level of unconstrained, user-preferred routing in enroute airspace.

76 FR 76333 - Notification for Airborne Wind Energy Systems (AWES)

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-07

...-1279; Notice No. 11-07] Notification for Airborne Wind Energy Systems (AWES) AGENCY: Federal Aviation... CFR) part 77, ``Safe, Efficient Use and Preservation of the Navigable Airspace,'' to airborne wind energy systems (AWES). In addition, this notice requests information from airborne wind energy system...

Air-ground integration experiment.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2002-01-01

The concept of free flight is intended to provide increased flexibility and efficiency throughout the global airspace system. This idea : could potentially shift aircraft separation responsibility from air traffic controllers to flight crews creating...

NextGen-Airportal Project Technologies: Systems Analysis, Integration, and Evaluation (SAIE)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Huang, Alex; Trapani, Andrew; Poage, Jim; Howell, Daniel; Slocum, Douglas

2012-01-01

NASA has been conducting Concept & Technology (C&T) research to enable capacity, efficiency, and safety improvements under the Airspace Systems Program, Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate (ARMD). These C&Ts provide various benefits (e.g., improved airport departure/arrival throughputs, fuel saving, and taxi efficiency) with costs and benefits apportioned among various Air Traffic Management (ATM) system stakeholders (e.g., FAA, aircraft operators, or public).

Initial Study of an Effective Fast-Time Simulation Platform for Unmanned Aircraft System Traffic Management

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Xue, Min; Rios, Joseph

2017-01-01

Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (sUAVs), typically 55 lbs and below, are envisioned to play a major role in surveilling critical assets, collecting important information, and delivering goods. Large scale small UAV operations are expected to happen in low altitude airspace in the near future. Many static and dynamic constraints exist in low altitude airspace because of manned aircraft or helicopter activities, various wind conditions, restricted airspace, terrain and man-made buildings, and conflict-avoidance among sUAVs. High sensitivity and high maneuverability are unique characteristics of sUAVs that bring challenges to effective system evaluations and mandate such a simulation platform different from existing simulations that were built for manned air traffic system and large unmanned fixed aircraft. NASA's Unmanned aircraft system Traffic Management (UTM) research initiative focuses on enabling safe and efficient sUAV operations in the future. In order to help define requirements and policies for a safe and efficient UTM system to accommodate a large amount of sUAV operations, it is necessary to develop a fast-time simulation platform that can effectively evaluate requirements, policies, and concepts in a close-to-reality environment. This work analyzed the impacts of some key factors including aforementioned sUAV's characteristics and demonstrated the importance of these factors in a successful UTM fast-time simulation platform.

Progress Toward Future Runway Management

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lohr, Gary W.; Brown, Sherilyn A.; Atkins, Stephen; Eisenhawer, Stephen W.; Bott, Terrance F.; Long, Dou; Hasan, Shahab

2011-01-01

The runway is universally acknowledged as a constraining factor to capacity in the National Airspace System (NAS). It follows that investigation of the effective use of runways, both in terms of selection and assignment, is paramount to the efficiency of future NAS operations. The need to address runway management is not a new idea; however, as the complexities of factors affecting runway selection and usage increase, the need for effective research in this area correspondingly increases. Under the National Aeronautics and Space Administration s Airspace Systems Program, runway management is a key research area. To address a future NAS which promises to be a complex landscape of factors and competing interests among users and operators, effective runway management strategies and capabilities are required. This effort has evolved from an assessment of current practices, an understanding of research activities addressing surface and airspace operations, traffic flow management enhancements, among others. This work has yielded significant progress. Systems analysis work indicates that the value of System Oriented Runway Management tools is significantly increased in the metroplex environment over that of the single airport case. Algorithms have been developed to provide runway configuration recommendations for a single airport with multiple runways. A benefits analysis has been conducted that indicates the SORM benefits include supporting traffic growth, cost reduction as a result of system efficiency, NAS optimization from metroplex operations, fairness in aircraft operations, and rational decision making.

Initial Study of An Effective Fast-Time Simulation Platform for Unmanned Aircraft System Traffic Management

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Xue, Min; Rios, Joseph

2017-01-01

Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (sUAVs), typically 55 lbs and below, are envisioned to play a major role in surveilling critical assets, collecting important information, and delivering goods. Large scale small UAV operations are expected to happen in low altitude airspace in the near future. Many static and dynamic constraints exist in low altitude airspace because of manned aircraft or helicopter activities, various wind conditions, restricted airspace, terrain and man-made buildings, and conflict-avoidance among sUAVs. High sensitivity and high maneuverability are unique characteristics of sUAVs that bring challenges to effective system evaluations and mandate such a simulation platform different from existing simulations that were built for manned air traffic system and large unmanned fixed aircraft. NASA's Unmanned aircraft system Traffic Management (UTM) research initiative focuses on enabling safe and efficient sUAV operations in the future. In order to help define requirements and policies for a safe and efficient UTM system to accommodate a large amount of sUAV operations, it is necessary to develop a fast-time simulation platform that can effectively evaluate requirements, policies, and concepts in a close-to-reality environment. This work analyzed the impacts of some key factors including aforementioned sUAV's characteristics and demonstrated the importance of these factors in a successful UTM fast-time simulation platform.

78 FR 7993 - Amendment of Class D and E Airspace; Tri-Cities, TN; Revocation of Class E Airspace; Tri-City, TN

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-05

... of Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) operations within the National Airspace System. This action also updates the geographic coordinates, airport name, and airspace designation. Also, this action corrects... controlled airspace within the National Airspace System. The FAA has determined that this regulation only...

Cruise-Efficient Short Takeoff and Landing (CESTOL): Potential Impact on Air Traffic Operations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Couluris, G. J.; Signor, D.; Phillips, J.

2010-01-01

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is investigating technological and operational concepts for introducing Cruise-Efficient Short Takeoff and Landing (CESTOL) aircraft into a future US National Airspace System (NAS) civil aviation environment. CESTOL is an aircraft design concept for future use to increase capacity and reduce emissions. CESTOL provides very flexible takeoff, climb, descent and landing performance capabilities and a high-speed cruise capability. In support of NASA, this study is a preliminary examination of the potential operational impact of CESTOL on airport and airspace capacity and delay. The study examines operational impacts at a subject site, Newark Liberty Intemational Airport (KEWR), New Jersey. The study extends these KEWR results to estimate potential impacts on NAS-wide network traffic operations due to the introduction of CESTOL at selected major airports. These are the 34 domestic airports identified in the Federal Aviation Administration's Operational Evolution Plan (OEP). The analysis process uses two fast-time simulation tools to separately model local and NAS-wide air traffic operations using predicted flight schedules for a 24-hour study period in 2016. These tools are the Sen sis AvTerminal model and NASA's Airspace Concept Evaluation System (ACES). We use both to simulate conventional-aircraft-only and CESTOL-mixed-with-conventional-aircraft operations. Both tools apply 4-dimension trajectory modeling to simulate individual flight movement. The study applies AvTerminal to model traffic operations and procedures for en route and terminal arrival and departures to and from KEWR. These AvTerminal applications model existing arrival and departure routes and profiles and runway use configurations, with the assumption jet-powered, large-sized civil CESTOL aircraft use a short runway and standard turboprop arrival and departure procedures. With these rules, the conventional jet and CESTOL aircraft are procedurally separated from each other geographically and in altitude during tenninal airspace approach and departure operations, and each use a different arrival runway. AvTeminal implements its unique Focal-point Scheduling Process to sequence, space and delay aircraft to resolve spacing and overtake conflicts among flights in the airspace and airport system serving KEWR. This Process effectively models integrated arrival and departure operations. AvTerminal assesses acceptance rates and delay magnitude and causality at selected locations, including en route outer boundary fixes, tenninal airspace arrival and departure boundary fixes, terminal airspace arrival merge and departure diverge fixes, and runway landing and takeoff runways. The analysis compares the resulting capacity impacts, flight delays and delay sources between CESTOL and conventional KEWR operations. AvTerminal quantitative results showed that CESTOL has significant capability to increase airport arrival acceptance rates (35-40% at KEWR) by taking advantage of otherwise underused airspace and runways where available. The study extrapolates the AvTerminal-derived KEWR peak arrival and departure acceptance rates to estimate capacity parameter values for each of the OEP airports in the ACES modeling of traffic through the entire NAS network. The extrapolations of acceptance rates allow full, partial or no achievement of CESTOL capacity gains at an OEP airport as determined by assessments of the degree to which local procedures allow leveraging of CESTOL capabilities. These assessments consider each OEP airport's runway geometries, runway system configurations, airport and airspace operations, and potential CESTOL traffic loadings. The ACES modeling, simulates airport and airspace spacing constraints imposed by airport runway system, terminal and en route air traffic control and traffic flow management operations using airport acceptance rates representing conventional-aircraft-only and CESTOL-mixed operations. CEOL aircraft are assumed to have Mach 0.8, and alternatively Mach 0.7, cruise speeds to examine compatibility with conventional aircraft operations in common airspace. The ACES results provides estimates of CESTOL delay impact NAS-wide and at OEP airports due to changes in OEP airport acceptance rates and changes in en route airspace potential conflict rates. Preliminary results show meaningful nationwide delay reductions (20%) due to CESTOL operations at 34 major domestic airports.

76 FR 2802 - Safe, Efficient Use and Preservation of the Navigable Airspace; Correction

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-18

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Federal Aviation Administration 14 CFR Part 77 [Docket No. FAA-2006-25002; Amendment No. 77-13-A] RIN 2120-AH31 Safe, Efficient Use and Preservation of the Navigable Airspace; Correction AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Final rule; correction...

Airspace Technology Demonstration 3 (ATD-3): Dynamic Weather Routes (DWR) Technology Transfer Document Summary Version 1.0

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sheth, Kapil; Wang, Easter Mayan Chan

2016-01-01

Airspace Technology Demonstration #3 (ATD-3) is part of NASA's Airspace Operations and Safety Program (AOSP) - specifically, its Airspace Technology Demonstrations (ATD) Project. ATD-3 is a multiyear research and development effort which proposes to develop and demonstrate automation technologies and operating concepts that enable air navigation service providers and airspace users to continuously assess weather, winds, traffic, and other information to identify, evaluate, and implement workable opportunities for flight plan route corrections that can result in significant flight time and fuel savings in en route airspace. In order to ensure that the products of this tech-transfer are relevant and useful, NASA has created strong partnerships with the FAA and key industry stakeholders. This summary document and accompanying technology artifacts satisfy the first of three Research Transition Products (RTPs) defined in the Applied Traffic Flow Management (ATFM) Research Transition Team (RTT) Plan. This transfer consists of NASA's legacy Dynamic Weather Routes (DWR) work for efficient routing for en-route weather avoidance. DWR is a ground-based trajectory automation system that continuously and automatically analyzes active airborne aircraft in en route airspace to identify opportunities for simple corrections to flight plan routes that can save significant flying time, at least five minutes wind-corrected, while avoiding weather and considering traffic conflicts, airspace sector congestion, special use airspace, and FAA routing restrictions. The key benefit of the DWR concept is to let automation continuously and automatically analyze active flights to find those where simple route corrections can save significant time and fuel. Operators are busy during weather events. It is more effective to let automation find the opportunities for high-value route corrections.

Automated Cooperative Trajectories for a More Efficient and Responsive Air Transportation System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hanson, Curt

2015-01-01

The NASA Automated Cooperative Trajectories project is developing a prototype avionics system that enables multi-vehicle cooperative control by integrating 1090 MHz ES ADS-B digital communications with onboard autopilot systems. This cooperative control capability will enable meta-aircraft operations for enhanced airspace utilization, as well as improved vehicle efficiency through wake surfing. This briefing describes the objectives and approach to a flight evaluation of this system planned for 2016.

Current Practices in Runway Configuration Management (RCM) and Arrival/Departure Runway Balancing (ADRB)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lohr, Gary W.; Williams, Daniel M.

2008-01-01

Significant air traffic increases are anticipated for the future of the National Airspace System (NAS). To cope with future traffic increases, fundamental changes are required in many aspects of the air traffic management process including the planning and use of NAS resources. Two critical elements of this process are the selection of airport runway configurations, and the effective management of active runways. Two specific research areas in NASA's Airspace Systems Program (ASP) have been identified to address efficient runway management: Runway Configuration Management (RCM) and Arrival/Departure Runway Balancing (ADRB). This report documents efforts in assessing past as well as current work in these two areas.

A Fuel-Efficient Conflict Resolution Maneuver for Separation Assurance

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bowe, Aisha Ruth; Santiago, Confesor

2012-01-01

Automated separation assurance algorithms are envisioned to play an integral role in accommodating the forecasted increase in demand of the National Airspace System. Developing a robust, reliable, air traffic management system involves safely increasing efficiency and throughput while considering the potential impact on users. This experiment seeks to evaluate the benefit of augmenting a conflict detection and resolution algorithm to consider a fuel efficient, Zero-Delay Direct-To maneuver, when resolving a given conflict based on either minimum fuel burn or minimum delay. A total of twelve conditions were tested in a fast-time simulation conducted in three airspace regions with mixed aircraft types and light weather. Results show that inclusion of this maneuver has no appreciable effect on the ability of the algorithm to safely detect and resolve conflicts. The results further suggest that enabling the Zero-Delay Direct-To maneuver significantly increases the cumulative fuel burn savings when choosing resolution based on minimum fuel burn while marginally increasing the average delay per resolution.

Coordination between airway facilities specialists and air traffic personnel.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2002-04-01

Airway Facilities (AF) is responsible for providing services and conducting operations that deliver the highest possible levels of National Airspace System (NAS) safety and efficiency. To accomplish this, AF specialists perform maintenance tasks for ...

OS Aviation Information

Science.gov Websites

Aviation Weather Program is to couple the art and science of meteorology to enhance the safe and efficient significant weather forecasts crossing international boundaries. Keeping Our National Airspace System Safe The System Newsletter Aviation Weather Center (AWC) Alaska Aviation Weather Unit (AAWU) Space Environment

14 CFR Special Federal Aviation... - Air Traffic Control System Emergency Operation

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

..., prohibition, procedure or other action taken by the Director of the Office of Air Traffic Systems Management... is necessary for the safety and efficiency of the National Airspace System. Upon activation of the... Control system will be announced in Notices to Airmen issued pursuant to § 91.139 of the Federal Aviation...

Low Noise Cruise Efficient Short Take-Off and Landing Transport Vehicle Study

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kim, Hyun D.; Berton, Jeffrey J.; Jones, Scott M.

2007-01-01

The saturation of the airspace around current airports combined with increasingly stringent community noise limits represents a serious impediment to growth in world aviation travel. Breakthrough concepts that both increase throughput and reduce noise impacts are required to enable growth in aviation markets. Concepts with a 25 year horizon must facilitate a 4x increase in air travel while simultaneously meeting community noise constraints. Attacking these horizon issues holistically is the concept study of a Cruise Efficient Short Take-Off and Landing (CESTOL) high subsonic transport under the NASA's Revolutionary Systems Concepts for Aeronautics (RSCA) project. The concept is a high-lift capable airframe with a partially embedded distributed propulsion system that takes a synergistic approach in propulsion-airframe-integration (PAI) by fully integrating the airframe and propulsion systems to achieve the benefits of both low-noise short take-off and landing (STOL) operations and efficient high speed cruise. This paper presents a summary of the recent study of a distributed propulsion/airframe configuration that provides low-noise STOL operation to enable 24-hour use of the untapped regional and city center airports to increase the capacity of the overall airspace while still maintaining efficient high subsonic cruise flight capability.

77 FR 54859 - Proposed Establishment of VOR Federal Airway V-629; Las Vegas, NV

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-06

... of marginal radar coverage. This would enhance the efficiency of the National Airspace System (NAS... aircraft navigating in an area of marginal radar coverage. VOR Federal airways are published in paragraph...

UAS flight test for safety and for efficiency

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-04-01

Manned aircraft that operate in the National Airspace System (NAS) typically undergo certification flight test to ensure they meet a prescribed level of safetydependent on their categorybefore they are able to enter service [for example, Federa...

A System Concept for Facilitating User Preferences in En Route Airspace

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Vivona, R. A.; Ballin, M. G.; Green, S. M.; Bach, R. E.; McNally, B. D.

1996-01-01

The Federal Aviation Administration is trying to make its air traffic management system more responsive to the needs of the aviation community by exploring the concept of 'free flight' for aircraft flying under instrument flight rules. A logical first step toward free flight could be made without significantly altering current air traffic control (ATC) procedures or requiring new airborne equipment by designing a ground-based system to be highly responsive to 'user preference' in en route airspace while providing for an orderly transition to the terminal area. To facilitate user preference in all en route environments, a system based on an extension of the Center/TRACON Automation System (CTAS) is proposed in this document. The new system would consist of two integrated components. An airspace tool (AT) focuses on unconstrained en route aircraft (e.g., not transitioning to the terminal airspace), taking advantage of the relatively unconstrained nature of their flights and using long-range trajectory prediction to provide cost-effective conflict resolution advisories to sector controllers. A sector tool (ST) generates efficient advisories for all aircraft, with a focus on supporting controllers in analyzing and resolving complex, highly constrained traffic situations. When combined, the integrated AT/ST system supports user preference in any air route traffic control center sector. The system should also be useful in evaluating advanced free-flight concepts by serving as a test bed for future research. This document provides an overview of the design concept, explains its anticipated benefits, and recommends a development strategy that leads to a deployable system.

Share the Sky: Concepts and Technologies That Will Shape Future Airspace Use

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ballin, Mark G.; Cotton, William; Kopardekar, Parimal

2011-01-01

The airspace challenge for the United States is to protect national sovereignty and ensure the safety and security of those on the ground and in the air, while at the same time ensuring the efficiency of flight, reducing the costs involved, protecting the environment, and protecting the freedom of access to the airspace. Many visions of the future NAS hold a relatively near-term perspective, focusing on existing uses of the airspace and assuming that new uses will make up a small fraction of total use. In the longer term, the skies will be filled with diverse and amazing new air vehicles filling our societal needs. Anticipated new vehicles include autonomous air vehicles acting both independently and in coordinated groups, unpiloted cargo carriers, and large numbers of personal air vehicles and small-scale point-to-point transports. These vehicles will enable new capabilities that have the potential to increase societal mobility, transport freight at lower cost and with lower environmental impact, improve the study of the Earth s atmosphere and ecosystem, and increase societal safety and security by improving or drastically lowering the cost of critical services such as firefighting, emergency medical evacuation, search and rescue, border and neighborhood surveillance, and the inspection of our infrastructure. To ensure that uses of the airspace can continue to grow for the benefit of all, a new paradigm for operations is needed: equitably and safely sharing the airspace. This paper is an examination of such a vision, concentrating on the operations of all types of air vehicles and future uses of the National Airspace. Attributes of a long-term future airspace system are provided, emerging operations technologies are described, and initial steps in research and development are recommended.

Evaluation of High Density Air Traffic Operations with Automation for Separation Assurance, Weather Avoidance and Schedule Conformance

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Prevot, Thomas; Mercer, Joey S.; Martin, Lynne Hazel; Homola, Jeffrey R.; Cabrall, Christopher D.; Brasil, Connie L.

2011-01-01

In this paper we discuss the development and evaluation of our prototype technologies and procedures for far-term air traffic control operations with automation for separation assurance, weather avoidance and schedule conformance. Controller-in-the-loop simulations in the Airspace Operations Laboratory at the NASA Ames Research Center in 2010 have shown very promising results. We found the operations to provide high airspace throughput, excellent efficiency and schedule conformance. The simulation also highlighted areas for improvements: Short-term conflict situations sometimes resulted in separation violations, particularly for transitioning aircraft in complex traffic flows. The combination of heavy metering and growing weather resulted in an increased number of aircraft penetrating convective weather cells. To address these shortcomings technologies and procedures have been improved and the operations are being re-evaluated with the same scenarios. In this paper we will first describe the concept and technologies for automating separation assurance, weather avoidance, and schedule conformance. Second, the results from the 2010 simulation will be reviewed. We report human-systems integration aspects, safety and efficiency results as well as airspace throughput, workload, and operational acceptability. Next, improvements will be discussed that were made to address identified shortcomings. We conclude that, with further refinements, air traffic control operations with ground-based automated separation assurance can routinely provide currently unachievable levels of traffic throughput in the en route airspace.

A Study of Future Communications Concepts and Technologies for the National Airspace System-Part III

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ponchak, Denise S.; Apaza, Rafael D.; Wichgersm Joel M.; Haynes, Brian; Roy, Aloke

2014-01-01

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Glenn Research Center (GRC) is investigating current and anticipated wireless communications concepts and technologies that the National Airspace System (NAS) may need in the next 50 years. NASA has awarded three NASA Research Announcements (NAR) studies with the objective to determine the most promising candidate technologies for air-to-air and air-to-ground data exchange and analyze their suitability in a post-NextGen NAS environment. This paper will present progress made in the studies and describe the communications challenges and opportunities that have been identified as part of the study. NASA's NextGen Concepts and Technology Development (CTD) Project integrates solutions for a safe, efficient and high-capacity airspace system through joint research efforts and partnerships with other government agencies. The CTD Project is one of two within NASA's Airspace Systems Program and is managed by the NASA Ames Research Center. Research within the CTD Project is in support the 2011 NASA Strategic Plan Sub-Goal 4.1: Develop innovative solutions and advanced technologies, through a balanced research portfolio, to improve current and future air transportation. The focus of CTD is on developing capabilities in traffic flow management, dynamic airspace configuration, separation assurance, super density operations and airport surface operations. Important to its research is the development of human/automation information requirements and decisionmaking guidelines for human-human and human-machine airportal decision-making. Airborne separation, oceanic intrail climb/descent and interval management applications depend on location and intent information of surrounding aircraft. ADS-B has been proposed to provide the information exchange, but other candidates such as satellite-based receivers, broadband or airborne internet, and cellular communications are possible candidate's.

Cockpit Human Factors Research Requirements

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1989-04-01

The safety, reliability, and efficiency of the National Airspace System (NAS) depend upon : the men and women who operate and use it. Aviation human factors research is the study of : how people function in the performance of their jobs as pilots, co...

Oceanic Flights and Airspace: Improving Efficiency by Trajectory-Based Operations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fernandes, Alicia Borgman; Rebollo, Juan; Koch, Michael

2016-01-01

Oceanic operations suffer from multiple inefficiencies, including pre-departure planning that does not adequately consider uncertainty in the proposed trajectory, restrictions on the routes that a flight operator can choose for an oceanic crossing, time-consuming processes and procedures for amending en route trajectories, and difficulties exchanging data between Flight Information Regions (FIRs). These inefficiencies cause aircraft to fly suboptimal trajectories, burning fuel and time that could be conserved. A concept to support integration of existing and emerging capabilities and concepts is needed to transition to an airspace system that employs Trajectory Based Operations (TBO) to improve efficiency and safety in oceanic operations. This paper describes such a concept and the results of preliminary activities to evaluate the concept, including a stakeholder feedback activity, user needs analysis, and high level benefits analysis.

78 FR 32088 - Standard Instrument Approach Procedures, and Takeoff Minimums and Obstacle Departure Procedures...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-29

...This rule establishes, amends, suspends, or revokes Standard Instrument Approach Procedures (SIAPs) and associated Takeoff Minimums and Obstacle Departure Procedures for operations at certain airports. These regulatory actions are needed because of the adoption of new or revised criteria, or because of changes occurring in the National Airspace System, such as the commissioning of new navigational facilities, adding new obstacles, or changing air traffic requirements. These changes are designed to provide safe and efficient use of the navigable airspace and to promote safe flight operations under instrument flight rules at the affected airports.

75 FR 69331 - Standard Instrument Approach Procedures, and Takeoff Minimums and Obstacle Departure Procedures...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-12

...This establishes, amends, suspends, or revokes Standard Instrument Approach Procedures (SIAPs) and associated Takeoff Minimums and Obstacle Departure Procedures for operations at certain airports. These regulatory actions are needed because of the adoption of new or revised criteria, or because of changes occurring in the National Airspace System, such as the commissioning of new navigational facilities, adding new obstacles, or changing air traffic requirements. These changes are designed to provide safe and efficient use of the navigable airspace and to promote safe flight operations under instrument flight rules at the affected airports.

77 FR 12454 - Standard Instrument Approach Procedures, and Takeoff Minimums and Obstacle Departure Procedures...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-01

...This rule establishes, amends, suspends, or revokes Standard Instrument Approach Procedures (SIAPs) and associated Takeoff Minimums and Obstacle Departure Procedures for operations at certain airports. These regulatory actions are needed because of the adoption of new or revised criteria, or because of changes occurring in the National Airspace System, such as the commissioning of new navigational facilities, adding new obstacles, or changing air traffic requirements. These changes are designed to provide safe and efficient use of the navigable airspace and to promote safe flight operations under instrument flight rules at the affected airports.

Beyond NextGen: AutoMax Overview and Update

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kopardekar, Parimal; Alexandrov, Natalia

2013-01-01

Main Message: National and Global Needs - Develop scalable airspace operations management system to accommodate increased mobility needs, emerging airspace uses, mix, future demand. Be affordable and economically viable. Sense of Urgency. Saturation (delays), emerging airspace uses, proactive development. Autonomy is Needed for Airspace Operations to Meet Future Needs. Costs, time critical decisions, mobility, scalability, limits of cognitive workload. AutoMax to Accommodate National and Global Needs. Auto: Automation, autonomy, autonomicity for airspace operations. Max: Maximizing performance of the National Airspace System. Interesting Challenges and Path Forward.

Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS): Evolving Trends

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kopardekar, Parimal

2015-01-01

Near-term Goal: Enable initial low-altitude airspace and UAS operations with demonstrated safety as early as possible, within 5 years; Long-term Goal: Accommodate increased UAS operations with highest safety, efficiency, and capacity as much autonomously as possible (10-15 years).

Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) Traffic Management (UTM): Enabling Low-Altitude Airspace and UAS Operations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kopardekar, Parimal H.

2014-01-01

Many civilian applications of Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) have been imagined ranging from remote to congested urban areas, including goods delivery, infrastructure surveillance, agricultural support, and medical services delivery. Further, these UAS will have different equipage and capabilities based on considerations such as affordability, and mission needs applications. Such heterogeneous UAS mix, along with operations such as general aviation, helicopters, gliders must be safely accommodated at lower altitudes. However, key infrastructure to enable and safely manage widespread use of low-altitude airspace and UAS operations therein does not exist. Therefore, NASA is exploring functional design, concept and technology development, and a prototype UAS Traffic Management (UTM) system. UTM will support safe and efficient UAS operations for the delivery of goods and services

Aviation behavioral technology program cockpit human factors research plan

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1985-01-15

The safety, reliability, and efficiency of the National Airspace System depend : upon the men and women who operate and use it. Aviation human factors : research is the study of how these people function in the performance of their : jobs as pilots, ...

Aviation Behavioral Technology Program: Cockpit Human Factors Research Plan

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1985-01-15

The safety, reliability, and efficiency of the National Airspace System depend upon the men and women who operate and use it. Aviation human factors research is the study of how these people function in the performance of their jobs as pilots, cont...

A Preliminary Evaluation of Supersonic Transport Category Vehicle Operations in the National Airspace System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Underwood, Matthew C.; Guminsky, Michael D.

2015-01-01

Several public sector businesses and government agencies, including the National Aeronautics and Space Administration are currently working on solving key technological barriers that must be overcome in order to realize the vision of low-boom supersonic flights conducted over land. However, once these challenges are met, the manner in which this class of aircraft is integrated in the National Airspace System may become a potential constraint due to the significant environmental, efficiency, and economic repercussions that their integration may cause. Background research was performed on historic supersonic operations in the National Airspace System, including both flight deck procedures and air traffic controller procedures. Using this information, an experiment was created to test some of these historic procedures in a current-day, emerging Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) environment and observe the interactions between commercial supersonic transport aircraft and modern-day air traffic. Data was gathered through batch simulations of supersonic commercial transport category aircraft operating in present-day traffic scenarios as a base-lining study to identify the magnitude of the integration problems and begin the exploration of new air traffic management technologies and architectures which will be needed to seamlessly integrate subsonic and supersonic transport aircraft operations. The data gathered include information about encounters between subsonic and supersonic aircraft that may occur when supersonic commercial transport aircraft are integrated into the National Airspace System, as well as flight time data. This initial investigation is being used to inform the creation and refinement of a preliminary Concept of Operations and for the subsequent development of technologies that will enable overland supersonic flight.

75 FR 61993 - Amendment of Class E Airspace; Kwajalein Island, Marshall Islands, RMI

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-07

...) System from the legal description of the Class E airspace areas for Kwajalein Island, Bucholz AAF... action corrects the legal descriptions for the Class E airspace areas in the vicinity of the Marshall... and Rules Group, Office of System Operations Airspace and AIM, Federal Aviation Administration, 800...

Safely Enabling Low-Altitude Airspace Operations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kopardekar, Parimal

2015-01-01

Near-term Goal: Enable initial low-altitude airspace and UAS operations with demonstrated safety as early as possible, within 5 years. Long-term Goal: Accommodate increased UAS operations with highest safety, efficiency, and capacity as much autonomously as possible (10-15 years).

Three Dimensional Sector Design with Optimal Number of Sectors

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Xue, Min

2010-01-01

In the national airspace system, sectors get overloaded due to high traffic demand and inefficient airspace designs. Overloads can be eliminated in some cases by redesigning sector boundaries. This paper extends the Voronoi-based sector design method by automatically selecting the number of sectors, allowing three-dimensional partitions, and enforcing traffic pattern conformance. The method was used to design sectors at Fort-Worth and Indianapolis centers for current traffic scenarios. Results show that new designs can eliminate overloaded sectors, although not in all cases, reduce the number of necessary sectors, and conform to major traffic patterns. Overall, the new methodology produces enhanced and efficient sector designs.

77 FR 12992 - Amendment of Class E Airspace; Jacksonville, NC

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-05

... the airport to aid in the navigation of our National Airspace System. The airport dimensions and... amending Class E surface airspace, and Class E airspace extending upward from 700 feet above the surface... change, and does not involve a change in the dimensions or operating requirements of that airspace...

76 FR 31510 - Proposed Amendment of Class E Airspace; Rutherfordton, NC

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-01

...; Airspace Docket No. 10-ASO-41) and be submitted in triplicate to the Docket Management System (see... airspace required to support new standard instrument approach procedures for Rutherford County Airport. The... action proposes to amend Class E Airspace at Rutherfordton, NC, to accommodate the additional airspace...

The Effectiveness of a Route Crossing Tool in a Simulated New York Airspace

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Parke, Bonny; Chevalley, Eric; Bienert, Nancy; Lee, Paul; Gonter, Kari; Omar, Faisal; Kraut, Joshua; Yoo, Hyo-Sang; Borade, Abhay; Gabriel, Conrad;

Air System Information Management

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Filman, Robert E.

2004-01-01

I flew to Washington last week, a trip rich in distributed information management. Buying tickets, at the gate, in flight, landing and at the baggage claim, myriad messages about my reservation, the weather, our flight plans, gates, bags and so forth flew among a variety of travel agency, airline and Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) computers and personnel. By and large, each kind of information ran on a particular application, often specialized to own data formats and communications network. I went to Washington to attend an FAA meeting on System-Wide Information Management (SWIM) for the National Airspace System (NAS) (http://www.nasarchitecture.faa.gov/Tutorials/NAS101.cfm). NAS (and its information infrastructure, SWIM) is an attempt to bring greater regularity, efficiency and uniformity to the collection of stovepipe applications now used to manage air traffic. Current systems hold information about flight plans, flight trajectories, weather, air turbulence, current and forecast weather, radar summaries, hazardous condition warnings, airport and airspace capacity constraints, temporary flight restrictions, and so forth. Information moving among these stovepipe systems is usually mediated by people (for example, air traffic controllers) or single-purpose applications. People, whose intelligence is critical for difficult tasks and unusual circumstances, are not as efficient as computers for tasks that can be automated. Better information sharing can lead to higher system capacity, more efficient utilization and safer operations. Better information sharing through greater automation is possible though not necessarily easy.

14 CFR 77.1 - Scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Scope. 77.1 Section 77.1 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIRSPACE OBJECTS... navigation, to determine their effect on the safe and efficient use of airspace; (d) Provides for public...

14 CFR 77.1 - Scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Scope. 77.1 Section 77.1 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIRSPACE OBJECTS... obstructions to air navigation, to determine their effect on the safe and efficient use of airspace; (d...

Conflict-free trajectory planning for air traffic control automation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Slattery, Rhonda; Green, Steve

1994-01-01

As the traffic demand continues to grow within the National Airspace System (NAS), the need for long-range planning (30 minutes plus) of arrival traffic increases greatly. Research into air traffic control (ATC) automation at ARC has led to the development of the Center-TRACON Automation System (CTAS). CTAS determines optimum landing schedules for arrival traffic and assists controllers in meeting those schedules safely and efficiently. One crucial element in the development of CTAS is the capability to perform long-range (20 minutes) and short-range (5 minutes) conflict prediction and resolution once landing schedules are determined. The determination of conflict-free trajectories within the Center airspace is particularly difficult because of large variations in speed and altitude. The paper describes the current design and implementation of the conflict prediction and resolution tools used to generate CTAS advisories in Center airspace. Conflict criteria (separation requirements) are defined and the process of separation prediction is described. The major portion of the paper will describe the current implementation of CTAS conflict resolution algorithms in terms of the degrees of freedom for resolutions as well as resolution search techniques. The tools described in this paper have been implemented in a research system designed to rapidly develop and evaluate prototype concepts and will form the basis for an operational ATC automation system.

Future ATM Concepts Evaluation Tool (FACET) Interface Control Document

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Grabbe, Shon R.

2017-01-01

This Interface Control Document (ICD) documents the airspace adaptation and air traffic inputs of NASA's Future ATM Concepts and Evaluation Tool (FACET). Its intended audience is the project manager, project team, development team, and stakeholders interested in interfacing with the system. FACET equips Air Traffic Management (ATM) researchers and service providers with a way to explore, develop and evaluate advanced air transportation concepts before they are field-tested and eventually deployed. FACET is a flexible software tool that is capable of quickly generating and analyzing thousands of aircraft trajectories. It provides researchers with a simulation environment for preliminary testing of advanced ATM concepts. Using aircraft performance profiles, airspace models, weather data, and flight schedules, the tool models trajectories for the climb, cruise, and descent phases of flight for each type of aircraft. An advanced graphical interface displays traffic patterns in two and three dimensions, under various current and projected conditions for specific airspace regions or over the entire continental United States. The system is able to simulate a full day's dynamic national airspace system (NAS) operations, model system uncertainty, measure the impact of different decision-makers in the NAS, and provide analysis of the results in graphical form, including sector, airport, fix, and airway usage statistics. NASA researchers test and analyze the system-wide impact of new traffic flow management algorithms under anticipated air traffic growth projections on the nation's air traffic system. In addition to modeling the airspace system for NASA research, FACET has also successfully transitioned into a valuable tool for operational use. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) traffic flow managers and commercial airline dispatchers have used FACET technology for real-time operations planning. FACET integrates live air traffic data from FAA radar systems and weather data from the National Weather Service to summarize NAS performance. This information allows system operators to reroute flights around congested airspace and severe weather to maintain safety and minimize delay. FACET also supports the planning and post-operational evaluation of reroute strategies at the national level to maximize system efficiency. For the commercial airline passenger, strategic planning with FACET can result in fewer flight delays and cancellations. The performance capabilities of FACET are largely due to its architecture, which strikes a balance between flexibility and fidelity. FACET is capable of modeling the airspace operations for the continental United States, processing thousands of aircraft on a single computer. FACET was written in Java and C, enabling the portability of its software to a variety of operating systems. In addition, FACET was designed with a modular software architecture to facilitate rapid prototyping of diverse ATM concepts. Several advanced ATM concepts have already been implemented in FACET, including aircraft self-separation, prediction of aircraft demand and sector congestion, system-wide impact assessment of traffic flow management constraints, and wind-optimal routing.

Intelligent aircraft/airspace systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wangermann, John P.

1995-01-01

Projections of future air traffic predict at least a doubling of the number of revenue passenger miles flown by the year 2025. To meet this demand, an Intelligent Aircraft/Airspace System (IAAS) has been proposed. The IAAS operates on the basis of principled negotiation between intelligent agents. The aircraft/airspace system today consists of many agents, such as airlines, control facilities, and aircraft. All the agents are becoming increasingly capable as technology develops. These capabilities should be exploited to create an Intelligent Aircraft/Airspace System (IAAS) that would meet the predicted traffic levels of 2005.

Toward n-Ship Computation of Trajectories for Shared Airspace

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Moerder, Daniel D.; Rothhaar, Paul M.

2016-01-01

This paper considers an approach for modelling transport aircraft trajectories that can facilitate their rapid evaluation and modification, either en route or in terminal control areas, with the goal of efficiently making use of airspace and runways by a large population of vehicles without pairwise violation of separation criteria.

Serious Gaming for Test & Evaluation of Clean-Slate (Ab Initio) National Airspace System (NAS) Designs

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Allen, B. Danette; Alexandrov, Natalia

2016-01-01

Incremental approaches to air transportation system development inherit current architectural constraints, which, in turn, place hard bounds on system capacity, efficiency of performance, and complexity. To enable airspace operations of the future, a clean-slate (ab initio) airspace design(s) must be considered. This ab initio National Airspace System (NAS) must be capable of accommodating increased traffic density, a broader diversity of aircraft, and on-demand mobility. System and subsystem designs should scale to accommodate the inevitable demand for airspace services that include large numbers of autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and a paradigm shift in general aviation (e.g., personal air vehicles) in addition to more traditional aerial vehicles such as commercial jetliners and weather balloons. The complex and adaptive nature of ab initio designs for the future NAS requires new approaches to validation, adding a significant physical experimentation component to analytical and simulation tools. In addition to software modeling and simulation, the ability to exercise system solutions in a flight environment will be an essential aspect of validation. The NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) Autonomy Incubator seeks to develop a flight simulation infrastructure for ab initio modeling and simulation that assumes no specific NAS architecture and models vehicle-to-vehicle behavior to examine interactions and emergent behaviors among hundreds of intelligent aerial agents exhibiting collaborative, cooperative, coordinative, selfish, and malicious behaviors. The air transportation system of the future will be a complex adaptive system (CAS) characterized by complex and sometimes unpredictable (or unpredicted) behaviors that result from temporal and spatial interactions among large numbers of participants. A CAS not only evolves with a changing environment and adapts to it, it is closely coupled to all systems that constitute the environment. Thus, the ecosystem that contains the system and other systems evolves with the CAS as well. The effects of the emerging adaptation and co-evolution are difficult to capture with only combined mathematical and computational experimentation. Therefore, an ab initio flight simulation environment must accommodate individual vehicles, groups of self-organizing vehicles, and large-scale infrastructure behavior. Inspired by Massively Multiplayer Online Role Playing Games (MMORPG) and Serious Gaming, the proposed ab initio simulation environment is similar to online gaming environments in which player participants interact with each other, affect their environment, and expect the simulation to persist and change regardless of any individual player's active participation.

Advanced Airspace Concept

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Erzberger, Heinz

2002-01-01

A general overview of the Advanced Airspace Concept (AAC) is presented. The topics include: 1) Limitations of the existing system; 2) The Advanced Airspace Concept; 3) Candidate architecture for the AAC; 4) Separation assurance and conflict avoidance system (TSAFE); and 5) Ground-Air Interactions. This paper is in viewgraph form.

77 FR 45240 - Establishment of Class E Airspace; Quakertown, PA

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-31

... at Quakertown, PA, to accommodate the new Area Navigation (RNAV) Global Positioning System (GPS) Standard Instrument Approach Procedures at Quakertown Airport. This action enhances the safety and airspace management of Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) operations within the National Airspace System. [[Page 45241...

77 FR 45241 - Establishment of Class E Airspace; Apopka, FL

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-31

... at Apopka, FL, to accommodate the new Area Navigation (RNAV) Global Positioning System (GPS) Standard Instrument Approach Procedures at Orlando Apopka Airport. This action enhances the safety and airspace management of Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) operations within the National Airspace System. DATES: Effective...

77 FR 45240 - Establishment of Class E Airspace; Arcadia, FL

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-31

... at Arcadia, FL, to accommodate the new Area Navigation (RNAV) Global Positioning System (GPS) Standard Instrument Approach Procedures at Arcadia Municipal Airport. This action enhances the safety and airspace management of Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) operations within the National Airspace System. DATES...

78 FR 5128 - Amendment of Class E Airspace; Savoonga, AK

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-24

...-0323; Airspace Docket No. 12-AAL-4] Amendment of Class E Airspace; Savoonga, AK AGENCY: Federal... Savoonga, AK, to accommodate aircraft using Area Navigation (RNAV) Global Positioning System (GPS) standard... modify controlled airspace at Savoonga, AK (77 FR 61304). Interested parties were invited to participate...

78 FR 4354 - Proposed Establishment of Area Navigation (RNAV) Routes; OR

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-22

... would enhance safety and efficiency, expand the use of RNAV in the National Airspace System, and provide.... The FAA's authority to issue rules regarding aviation safety is found in Title 49 of the United States... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Federal Aviation Administration 14 CFR Part 71 [Docket No. FAA-2012...

Flexible Airspace Management (FAM) Research 2010 Human-in-the-Loop Simulation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lee, Paul U.; Brasil, Connie; Homola, Jeffrey; Kessell, Angela; Prevot, Thomas; Smith, Nancy

2011-01-01

A human-in-the-Ioop (HITL) simulation was conducted to assess potential user and system benefits of Flexible Airspace Management (FAM) concept, as well as designing role definitions, procedures, and tools to support the FAM operations in the mid-term High Altitude Airspace (HAA) environment. The study evaluated the benefits and feasibility of flexible airspace reconfiguration in response to traffic overload caused by weather deviations, and compared them to those in a baseline condition without the airspace reconfiguration. The test airspace consisted of either four sectors in one Area of Specialization or seven sectors across two Areas. The test airspace was assumed to be at or above FL340 and fully equipped Vvith data communications (Data Comm). Other assumptions were consistent with those of the HAA concept. Overall, results showed that FAM operations with multiple Traffic Management Coordinators, Area Supervisors, and controllers worked remarkably well. The results showed both user and system benefits, some of which include the increased throughput, decreased flight distance, more manageable sector loads, and better utilized airspace. Also, the roles, procedures, airspace designs, and tools were all very well received. Airspace configuration options that resulted from a combination of algorithm-generated airspace configurations with manual modifications were well acceptec and posed little difficuIty and/or workload during airspace reconfiguration process. The results suggest a positive impact of FAM operations in HAA. Further investigation would be needed to evaluate if the benefits and feasibility would extend in either non-HAA or mixed equipage environment.

76 FR 34196 - Proposed Establishment of Class E Airspace; Forest, VA

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-13

...) Global Positioning System (GPS) Standard Instrument Approach Procedures serving New London Airport. This action would enhance the safety and airspace management of Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) operations...; Airspace Docket No. 11-AEA-11) and be submitted in triplicate to the Docket Management System (see...

78 FR 14473 - Proposed Establishment of Class E Airspace; Sanibel, FL

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-06

...) Global Positioning System (GPS) special Standard Instrument Approach Procedure (SIAP) serving Sanibel Island Heliport. This action would enhance the safety and airspace management of Instrument Flight Rules...; Airspace Docket No. 12-ASO-18) and be submitted in triplicate to the Docket Management System (see...

78 FR 14475 - Proposed Establishment of Class E Airspace; Cleveland, TN

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-06

...) Global Positioning System (GPS) Standard Instrument Approach Procedures at Cleveland Regional Jetport. This action would enhance the safety and airspace management of Instrument Flight Rules (IFR...; Airspace Docket No. 12-ASO-47) and be submitted in triplicate to the Docket Management System (see...

Investigation, Modeling, and Analysis of Integrated Metroplex Arrival and Departure Coordination Concepts

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Clarke, John-Paul B.; Brooks, James; McClain, Evan; Paladhi, Anwesha Roy; Li, Leihong; Schleicher, David; Saraf, Aditya; Timar, Sebastian; Crisp, Don; Bertino, Jason;

Comprehensive Software Eases Air Traffic Management

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2007-01-01

To help air traffic control centers improve the safety and the efficiency of the National Airspace System, Ames Research Center developed the Future Air Traffic Management Concepts Evaluation Tool (FACET) software, which won NASA's 2006 "Software of the Year" competition. In 2005, Ames licensed FACET to Flight Explorer Inc., for integration into its Flight Explorer (version 6.0) software. The primary FACET features incorporated in the Flight Explorer software system alert airspace users to forecasted demand and capacity imbalances. Advance access to this information helps dispatchers anticipate congested sectors (airspace) and delays at airports, and decide if they need to reroute flights. FACET is now a fully integrated feature in the Flight Explorer Professional Edition (version 7.0). Flight Explorer Professional offers end-users other benefits, including ease of operation; automatic alerts to inform users of important events such as weather conditions and potential airport delays; and international, real-time flight coverage over Canada, the United Kingdom, New Zealand, and sections of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Flight Explorer Inc. recently broadened coverage by partnering with Honeywell International Inc.'s Global Data Center, Blue Sky Network, Sky Connect LLC, SITA, ARINC Incorporated, Latitude Technologies Corporation, and Wingspeed Corporation, to track their aircraft anywhere in the world.

The Development of the Multi-Center Traffic Management Advisor (MCTMA): Traffic Flow Management Research in a Multi-Facility Environment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lee, Katharine K.; Davis, Thomas J.; Levin, Kerry M.; Rowe, Dennis W.

2001-01-01

The Traffic Management Advisor (TMA) is a decision-support tool for traffic managers and air traffic controllers that provides traffic flow visualization and other flow management tools. TMA creates an efficiently sequenced and safely spaced schedule for arrival traffic that meets but does not exceed specified airspace system constraints. TMA is being deployed at selected facilities throughout the National Airspace System in the US as part of the FAA's Free Flight Phase 1 program. TMA development and testing, and its current deployment, focuses on managing the arrival capacity for single major airports within single terminal areas and single en route centers. The next phase of development for this technology is the expansion of the TMA capability to complex facilities in which a terminal area or airport is fed by multiple en route centers, thus creating a multicenter TMA functionality. The focus of the multi-center TMA (McTMA) development is on the busy facilities in the Northeast comdor of the US. This paper describes the planning and development of McTMA and the challenges associated with adapting a successful traffic flow management tool for a very complex airspace.

Simulation of the National Aerospace System for Safety Analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pritchett, Amy; Goldsman, Dave; Statler, Irv (Technical Monitor)

2002-01-01

Work started on this project on January 1, 1999, the first year of the grant. Following the outline of the grant proposal, a simulator architecture has been established which can incorporate the variety of types of models needed to accurately simulate national airspace dynamics. For the sake of efficiency, this architecture was based on an established single-aircraft flight simulator, the Reconfigurable Flight Simulator (RFS), already developed at Georgia Tech. Likewise, in the first year substantive changes and additions were made to the RFS to convert it into a simulation of the National Airspace System, with the flexibility to incorporate many types of models: aircraft models; controller models; airspace configuration generators; discrete event generators; embedded statistical functions; and display and data outputs. The architecture has been developed with the capability to accept any models of these types; due to its object-oriented structure, individual simulator components can be added and removed during run-time, and can be compiled separately. Simulation objects from other projects should be easy to convert to meet architecture requirements, with the intent that both this project may now be able to incorporate established simulation components from other projects, and that other projects may easily use this simulation without significant time investment.

Expanding the Use of Time-Based Metering: Multi-Center Traffic Management Advisor

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Landry, Steven J.; Farley, Todd; Hoang, Ty

2005-01-01

Time-based metering is an efficient air traffic management alternative to the more common practice of distance-based metering (or "miles-in-trail spacing"). Despite having demonstrated significant operational benefit to airspace users and service providers, time-based metering is used in the United States for arrivals to just nine airports and is not used at all for non-arrival traffic flows. The Multi-Center Traffic Management Advisor promises to bring time-based metering into the mainstream of air traffic management techniques. Not constrained to operate solely on arrival traffic, Multi-Center Traffic Management Advisor is flexible enough to work in highly congested or heavily partitioned airspace for any and all traffic flows in a region. This broader and more general application of time-based metering is expected to bring the operational benefits of time-based metering to a much wider pool of beneficiaries than is possible with existing technology. It also promises to facilitate more collaborative traffic management on a regional basis. This paper focuses on the operational concept of the Multi-Center Traffic Management Advisor, touching also on its system architecture, field test results, and prospects for near-term deployment to the United States National Airspace System.

76 FR 57633 - Amendment of Class E Airspace; Miles City, MT

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-16

...-0515; Airspace Docket No. 11-ANM-11] Amendment of Class E Airspace; Miles City, MT AGENCY: Federal... Miles City, MT, to accommodate aircraft using a new Area Navigation (RNAV) Global Positioning System... proposed rulemaking to modify controlled airspace at Miles City, MT (76 FR 41725). Interested parties were...

75 FR 65251 - Proposed Amendment of Class E Airspace; Charleston, WV

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-22

...; Airspace Docket No. 10-AEA-24) and be submitted in triplicate to the Docket Management System (see... action proposes to modify Class E Airspace at Charleston, WV, to accommodate the additional airspace needed for the holding pattern associated with the new Standard Instrument Approach Procedures (SIAPs...

78 FR 72009 - Establishment of Class E Airspace; Star, NC

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-02

...-0440; Airspace Docket No. 13-ASO-10] Establishment of Class E Airspace; Star, NC AGENCY: Federal... at Star, NC, to accommodate a new Area Navigation (RNAV) Global Positioning System (GPS) Standard... Federal Register a notice of proposed rulemaking to establish Class E airspace at Star, NC (78 FR 54413...

78 FR 8962 - Establishment of Class E Airspace; Kasigluk, AK

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-07

...-0952; Airspace Docket No. 12-AAL-6] Establishment of Class E Airspace; Kasigluk, AK AGENCY: Federal... at Kasigluk, AK, to accommodate aircraft using Area Navigation (RNAV) Global Positioning System (GPS... rulemaking to modify controlled airspace at Kasigluk, AK (77 FR 60660). Interested parties were invited to...

76 FR 70920 - Proposed Amendment of Class E Airspace; Colorado Springs, CO

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-16

...-1191; Airspace Docket No. 11-ANM-21] Proposed Amendment of Class E Airspace; Colorado Springs, CO...: This action proposes to amend Class E airspace at City of Colorado Springs Municipal Airport, Colorado Springs, CO. Decommissioning of the Black Forest Tactical Air Navigation System (TACAN) has made this...

75 FR 65255 - Proposed Modification of Class E Airspace; Show Low, AZ

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-22

...-0903; Airspace Docket No. 10-AWP-16] Proposed Modification of Class E Airspace; Show Low, AZ AGENCY... action proposes to modify Class E airspace at Show Low, AZ to accommodate new Area Navigation (RNAV) Global Positioning System (GPS) Standard Instrument Approach Procedures (SIAPs) at Show Low Regional...

Concept of Operations for Integrating Commercial Supersonic Transport Aircraft into the National Airspace System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Underwood, Matthew C.

2017-01-01

Several businesses and government agencies, including the National Aeronautics and Space Administration are currently working on solving key technological barriers that must be overcome in order to realize the vision of low-boom supersonic flights conducted over land. However, once these challenges are met, the manner in which this class of aircraft is integrated in the National Airspace System may become a potential constraint due to the significant environmental, efficiency, and economic repercussions that their integration may cause. This document was developed to create a path for research and development that exposes the benefits and barriers of seamlessly integrating a class of CSTs into the NAS, while also serving as a Concept of Operations (ConOps) which posits a mid- to far-term solution (2025-2035) concept for best integrating CST into the NAS. Background research regarding historic supersonic operations in the National Airspace System, assumptions about design aspects and equipage of commercial supersonic transport (CST) aircraft, assumptions concerning the operational environment are described in this document. Results of a simulation experiment to investigate the interactions between CST aircraft and modern-day air traffic are disseminated and are used to generate scenarios for CST operations. Finally, technology needs to realize these operational scenarios are discussed.

U.S. Army Airspace Command and Control at Echelons Above Brigade

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-01-01

Systems TACS Theater Air Control System TAIS Tactical Airspace Integrations System TAGS Theater Air Ground System TBMCS Theater Battle Management...Systems ( TBMCS ) in the C/JAOC. The approved Airspace Control Measure Requests are passed to all the Service’s ACS via the TBMCS . The TAIS receives the...shared between TBMCS and the Advanced Field 42 Artillery Tactical Data System through the Publish and Subscribe Server or via the TAIS. There is

77 FR 39652 - Proposed Establishment of Class E Airspace; La Belle, FL

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-05

...) Global Positioning System (GPS) Standard Instrument Approach Procedures at La Belle Municipal Airport. This action would enhance the safety and airspace management of Instrument Flight Rules (IFR...; Airspace Docket No. 12-ASO-29) and be submitted in triplicate to the Docket Management System (see...

76 FR 49390 - Proposed Establishment of Class E Airspace; Palmyra, PA

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-10

...) Global Positioning System (GPS) Standard Instrument Approach Procedures at Reigle Field. This action would enhance the safety and airspace management of Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) operations at the...; Airspace Docket No. 11-ASO-17) and be submitted in triplicate to the Docket Management System (see...

78 FR 52111 - Proposed Establishment of Class E Airspace; Aliceville, AL

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-22

... (RNAV) Global Positioning System (GPS) Standard Instrument Approach Procedure (SIAP) serving George Downer Airport. This action would enhance the safety and airspace management of Instrument Flight Rules...; Airspace Docket No. 13-ASO-7) and be submitted in triplicate to the Docket Management System (see ADDRESSES...

76 FR 79564 - Proposed Establishment of Class E Airspace; Bellefonte, PA

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-22

... action proposes to establish Class E Airspace at Bellefonte, PA, to accommodate the Area Navigation (RNAV) Global Positioning System (GPS) Standard Instrument Approach Procedures at Bellefonte Airport. This...; Airspace Docket No. 11-AEA-23) and be submitted in triplicate to the Docket Management System (see...

New Engineering & Development Initiatives -- Policy and Technology Choices: Consensus Views of User/Aviation Industry Representatives. Volume II. Appendices.

DTIC Science & Technology

1979-03-01

Capacity, Impact of Aircraft Noise Considerations on the National Air Transportation System, Freedom of Airspace -- Special Use Airspace, Documents...Relating to the Management of Airspace, Current Ground Systems in Use and Their Limitation Constraints, Communications Deficiencies, Statements by Glen A

76 FR 41725 - Proposed Amendment of Class E Airspace; Miles City, MT

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-15

... Class E Airspace; Miles City, MT AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Notice of..., Miles City, MT, to accommodate aircraft using new Area Navigation (RNAV) Global Positioning System (GPS... airspace and Class E airspace extending upward from 700 feet above the surface at Frank Wiley Field, Miles...

77 FR 11796 - Proposed Amendment of Class E Airspace; Rock Springs, WY

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-28

...-0131; Airspace Docket No. 12-ANM-2 Proposed Amendment of Class E Airspace; Rock Springs, WY AGENCY... action proposes to amend Class E airspace at Rock Springs-Sweetwater County Airport, Rock Springs, WY. Decommissioning of the Rock Springs Tactical Air Navigation System (TACAN) has made this action necessary for the...

75 FR 14381 - Amendment of Class E Airspace; Mount Airy, NC

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-25

... triplicate to the Docket Management System (see ADDRESSES section for address and phone number). You may also... proposes to amend Class E Airspace at Mount Airy, NC, to accommodate the additional airspace needed for the... enhances the safety and airspace management of Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) operations at the airport...

77 FR 41939 - Proposed Establishment of Class E Airspace; Deer Lodge, MT

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-17

...-0379; Airspace Docket No. 12-ANM-7 Proposed Establishment of Class E Airspace; Deer Lodge, MT AGENCY... action proposes to establish Class E airspace at Deer Lodge-City-County Airport, Deer Lodge, MT... System (GPS) standard instrument approach procedures at Deer Lodge-City-County Airport, Deer Lodge, MT...

Traffic Flow Management Wrap-Up

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Grabbe, Shon

2011-01-01

Traffic Flow Management involves the scheduling and routing of air traffic subject to airport and airspace capacity constraints, and the efficient use of available airspace. Significant challenges in this area include: (1) weather integration and forecasting, (2) accounting for user preferences in the Traffic Flow Management decision making process, and (3) understanding and mitigating the environmental impacts of air traffic on the environment. To address these challenges, researchers in the Traffic Flow Management area are developing modeling, simulation and optimization techniques to route and schedule air traffic flights and flows while accommodating user preferences, accounting for system uncertainties and considering the environmental impacts of aviation. This presentation will highlight some of the major challenges facing researchers in this domain, while also showcasing recent innovations designed to address these challenges.

Advanced Air Transportation Technologies Project, Final Document Collection

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mogford, Richard H.; Wold, Sheryl (Editor)

2008-01-01

This CD ROM contains a compilation of the final documents of the Advanced Air Transportation Technologies (AAIT) project, which was an eight-year (1996 to 2004), $400M project managed by the Airspace Systems Program office, which was part of the Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate at NASA Headquarters. AAIT focused on developing advanced automation tools and air traffic management concepts that would help improve the efficiency of the National Airspace System, while maintaining or enhancing safety. The documents contained in the CD are final reports on AAIT tasks that serve to document the project's accomplishments over its eight-year term. Documents include information on: Advanced Air Transportation Technologies, Autonomous Operations Planner, Collaborative Arrival Planner, Distributed Air/Ground Traffic Management Concept Elements 5, 6, & 11, Direct-To, Direct-To Technology Transfer, Expedite Departure Path, En Route Data Exchange, Final Approach Spacing Tool - (Active and Passive), Multi-Center Traffic Management Advisor, Multi Center Traffic Management Advisor Technology Transfer, Surface Movement Advisor, Surface Management System, Surface Management System Technology Transfer and Traffic Flow Management Research & Development.

77 FR 771 - Proposed Establishment of Class E Airspace; Marion, AL

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-06

...) Global Positioning System (GPS) Standard Instrument Approach Procedures at Vaiden Field. This action... airspace at Marion, AL, providing the controlled airspace required to support the new RNAV GPS standard...

Airspace Technology Demonstration 2 (ATD-2) Integrated Surface and Airspace Simulation - Experiment Plan

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Verma, Savita Arora; Jung, Yoon Chul

2017-01-01

This presentation describes the overview of the ATD-2 project and the integrated simulation of surface and airspace to evaluate the procedures of IADS system and evaluate surface metering capabilities via a high-fidelity human-in-the-loop simulation. Two HITL facilities, Future Flight Central (FFC) and Airspace Operations Laboratory (AOL), are integrated for simulating surface operations of the Charlotte-Douglas International Airport (CLT) and airspace in CLT TRACON and Washington Center.

Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Integration in the National Airspace System (NAS) Project KDP-C Review

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Grindle, Laurie; Sakahara, Robert; Hackenberg, Davis; Johnson, William

2017-01-01

The topics discussed are the UAS-NAS project life-cycle and ARMD thrust flow down, as well as the UAS environments and how we operate in those environments. NASA's Armstrong Flight Research Center at Edwards, CA, is leading a project designed to help integrate unmanned air vehicles into the world around us. The Unmanned Aircraft Systems Integration in the National Airspace System project, or UAS in the NAS, will contribute capabilities designed to reduce technical barriers related to safety and operational challenges associated with enabling routine UAS access to the NAS. The project falls under the Integrated Systems Research Program office managed at NASA Headquarters by the agency's Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate. NASA's four aeronautics research centers - Armstrong, Ames Research Center, Langley Research Center, and Glenn Research Center - are part of the technology development project. With the use and diversity of unmanned aircraft growing rapidly, new uses for these vehicles are constantly being considered. Unmanned aircraft promise new ways of increasing efficiency, reducing costs, enhancing safety and saving lives 460265main_ED10-0132-16_full.jpg Unmanned aircraft systems such as NASA's Global Hawks (above) and Predator B named Ikhana (below), along with numerous other unmanned aircraft systems large and small, are the prime focus of the UAS in the NAS effort to integrate them into the national airspace. Credits: NASA Photos 710580main_ED07-0243-37_full.jpg The UAS in the NAS project envisions performance-based routine access to all segments of the national airspace for all unmanned aircraft system classes, once all safety-related and technical barriers are overcome. The project will provide critical data to such key stakeholders and customers as the Federal Aviation Administration and RTCA Special Committee 203 (formerly the Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics) by conducting integrated, relevant system-level tests to adequately address safety and operational challenges of national airspace access by unmanned aircraft systems, or UAS. In the process, the project will work with other key stakeholders to define necessary deliverables and products to help enable such access. Within the project, NASA is focusing on five sub-projects. These five focus areas include assurance of safe separation of unmanned aircraft from manned aircraft when flying in the national airspace; safety-critical command and control systems and radio frequencies to enable safe operation of UAS; human factors issues for ground control stations; airworthiness certification standards for UAS avionics and integrated tests and evaluation designed to determine the viability of emerging UAS technology. Five Focus Areas of the UAS Integration in the NAS Project Separation Assurance Provide an assessment of how planned Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) separation assurance systems, with different functional allocations, perform for UAS in mixed operations with manned aircraft Assess the applicability to UAS and the performance of NASA NextGen separation assurance systems in flight tests with realistic latencies and uncertain trajectories Assess functional allocations ranging from today's ground-based, controller-provided aircraft separation to fully autonomous airborne self-separation Communications Develop data and rationale to obtain appropriate frequency spectrum allocations to enable safe and efficient operation of UAS in the NAS Develop and validate candidate secure safety-critical command and control system/subsystem test equipment for UAS that complies with UAS international/national frequency regulations, standards and recommended practices and minimum operational and aviation system performance standards for UAS Perform analysis to support recommendations for integration of safety-critical command and control systems and air traffic control communications to ensure safe and efficient operation of UAS in the NAS Human Systems Integration Develop a research test bed and database to provide data and proof of concept for GCS - ground control station - operations in the NAS Coordinate with standards organizations to develop human-factors guidelines for GCS operation in the NAS Certification Define a UAS classification scheme and approach to determining Federal Aviation Regulation airworthiness requirements applicable to all UAS digital avionics Provide hazard and risk-related data to support development of type design criteria and best development practices Integrated Tests and Evaluation Integrate and test mature concepts from technical elements to demonstrate and test viability Evaluate the performance of technology development in a relevant environment (full-mission, human-in-the-loop simulations and flight tests)

The engineering options for mitigating the climate impacts of aviation.

PubMed

Williams, Victoria

2007-12-15

Aviation is a growing contributor to climate change, with unique impacts due to the altitude of emissions. If existing traffic growth rates continue, radical engineering solutions will be required to prevent aviation becoming one of the dominant contributors to climate change. This paper reviews the engineering options for mitigating the climate impacts of aviation using aircraft and airspace technologies. These options include not only improvements in fuel efficiency, which would reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, but also measures to reduce non-CO2 impacts including the formation of persistent contrails. Integrated solutions to optimize environmental performance will require changes to airframes, engines, avionics, air traffic control systems and airspace design. While market-based measures, such as offset schemes and emissions trading, receive growing attention, this paper sets out the crucial role of engineering in the challenge to develop a 'green air traffic system'.

US general aviation: The ingredients for a renaissance. A vision and technology strategy for US industry, NASA, FAA, universities

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Holmes, Bruce

1993-01-01

General aviation today is a vital component in the nation's air transportation system. It is threatened for survival but has enormous potential for expansion in utility and use. This potential for expansion is fueled by new satellite navigation and communication systems, small computers, flat panel displays, and advanced aerodynamics, materials and manufacturing methods, and propulsion technologies which create opportunities for new levels of environmental and economic acceptability. Expanded general aviation utility and use could have a large impact on the nation's jobs, commerce, industry, airspace capacity, trade balance, and quality of life. This paper presents, in viewgraph form, a general overview of U.S. general aviation. Topics covered include general aviation shipment and billings; airport and general aviation infrastructure; cockpit, airplane, and airspace technologies; market demand; air traffic operations and aviation accidents; fuel efficiency comparisons; and general aviation goals and strategy.

An Assessment of Civil Tiltrotor Concept of Operations in the Next Generation Air Transportation System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chung, William W.; Salvano, Dan; Rinehart, David; Young, Ray; Cheng, Victor; Lindsey, James

2012-01-01

Based on a previous Civil Tiltrotor (CTR) National Airspace System (NAS) performance analysis study, CTR operations were evaluated over selected routes and terminal airspace configurations assuming noninterference operations (NIO) and runway-independent operations (RIO). This assessment aims to further identify issues associated with these concepts of operations (ConOps), and their dependency on the airspace configuration and interaction with conventional fixed-wing traffic. Safety analysis following a traditional Safety Management System (SMS) methodology was applied to CTR-unique departure and arrival failures in the selected airspace to identify any operational and certification issues. Additional CTR operational cases were then developed to get a broader understanding of issues and gaps that will need to be addressed in future CTR operational studies. Finally, needed enhancements to National Airspace System performance analysis tools were reviewed, and recommendations were made on improvements in these tools that are likely to be required to support future progress toward CTR fleet operations in the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen).

Scheduling and Separating Departures Crossing Arrival Flows in Shared Airspace

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chevalley, Eric; Parke, Bonny K.; Lee, Paul; Omar, Faisal; Lee, Hwasoo; Beinert, Nancy; Kraut, Joshua M.; Palmer, Everett

2013-01-01

Flight efficiency and reduction of flight delays are among the primary goals of NextGen. In this paper, we propose a concept of shared airspace where departures fly across arrival flows, provided gaps are available in these flows. We have explored solutions to separate departures temporally from arrival traffic and pre-arranged procedures to support controllers' decisions. We conducted a Human-in-the-Loop simulation and assessed the efficiency and safety of 96 departures from the San Jose airport (SJC) climbing across the arrival airspace of the Oakland and San Francisco arrival flows. In our simulation, the SJC tower had a tool to schedule departures to fly across predicted gaps in the arrival flow. When departures were mistimed and separation could not be ensured, a safe but less efficient route was provided to the departures to fly under the arrival flows. A coordination using a point-out procedure allowed the arrival controller to control the SJC departures right after takeoff. We manipulated the accuracy of departure time (accurate vs. inaccurate) as well as which sector took control of the departures after takeoff (departure vs. arrival sector) in a 2x2 full factorial plan. Results show that coordination time decreased and climb efficiency increased when the arrival sector controlled the aircraft right after takeoff. Also, climb efficiency increased when the departure times were more accurate. Coordination was shown to be a critical component of tactical operations in shared airspace. Although workload, coordination, and safety were judged by controllers as acceptable in the simulation, it appears that in the field, controllers would need improved tools and coordination procedures to support this procedure.

System-Oriented Runway Management Concept of Operations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lohr, Gary W.; Atkins, Stephen

2015-01-01

This document describes a concept for runway management that maximizes the overall efficiency of arrival and departure operations at an airport or group of airports. Specifically, by planning airport runway configurations/usage, it focuses on the efficiency with which arrival flights reach their parking gates from their arrival fixes and departure flights exit the terminal airspace from their parking gates. In the future, the concept could be expanded to include the management of other limited airport resources. While most easily described in the context of a single airport, the concept applies equally well to a group of airports that comprise a metroplex (i.e., airports in close proximity that share resources such that operations at the airports are at least partially dependent) by including the coordination of runway usage decisions between the airports. In fact, the potential benefit of the concept is expected to be larger in future metroplex environments due to the increasing need to coordinate the operations at proximate airports to more efficiently share limited airspace resources. This concept, called System-Oriented Runway Management (SORM), is further broken down into a set of airport traffic management functions that share the principle that operational performance must be measured over the complete surface and airborne trajectories of the airport's arrivals and departures. The "system-oriented" term derives from the belief that the traffic management objective must consider the efficiency of operations over a wide range of aircraft movements and National Airspace System (NAS) dynamics. The SORM concept is comprised of three primary elements: strategic airport capacity planning, airport configuration management, and combined arrival/departure runway planning. Some aspects of the SORM concept, such as using airport configuration management1 as a mechanism for improving aircraft efficiency, are novel. Other elements (e.g., runway scheduling, which is a part of combined arrival/departure runway scheduling) have been well studied, but are included in the concept for completeness and to allow the concept to define the necessary relationship among the elements. The goal of this document is to describe the overall SORM concept and how it would apply both within the NAS and potential future Next Generation Air Traffic System (NextGen) environments, including research conducted to date. Note that the concept is based on the belief that runways are the primary constraint and the decision point for controlling efficiency, but the efficiency of runway management must be measured over a wide range of space and time. Implementation of the SORM concept is envisioned through a collection of complementary, necessary capabilities collectively focused on ensuring efficient arrival and departure traffic management, where that efficiency is measured not only in terms of runway efficiency but in terms of the overall trajectories between parking gates and transition fixes. For the more original elements of the concept-airport configuration management-this document proposes specific air traffic management (ATM) decision-support automation for realizing the concept.

Method and System for Air Traffic Rerouting for Airspace Constraint Resolution

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Erzberger, Heinz (Inventor); Morando, Alexander R. (Inventor); Sheth, Kapil S. (Inventor); McNally, B. David (Inventor); Clymer, Alexis A. (Inventor); Shih, Fu-tai (Inventor)

2017-01-01

A dynamic constraint avoidance route system automatically analyzes routes of aircraft flying, or to be flown, in or near constraint regions and attempts to find more time and fuel efficient reroutes around current and predicted constraints. The dynamic constraint avoidance route system continuously analyzes all flight routes and provides reroute advisories that are dynamically updated in real time. The dynamic constraint avoidance route system includes a graphical user interface that allows users to visualize, evaluate, modify if necessary, and implement proposed reroutes.

The Airspace Concepts Evaluation System Architecture and System Plant

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Windhorst, Robert; Meyn, Larry; Manikonda, Vikram; Carlos, Patrick; Capozzi, Brian

2006-01-01

The Airspace Concepts Evaluation System is a simulation of the National Airspace System. It includes models of flights, airports, airspaces, air traffic controls, traffic flow managements, and airline operation centers operating throughout the United States. It is used to predict system delays in response to future capacity and demand scenarios and perform benefits assessments of current and future airspace technologies and operational concepts. Facilitation of these studies requires that the simulation architecture supports plug and play of different air traffic control, traffic flow management, and airline operation center models and multi-fidelity modeling of flights, airports, and airspaces. The simulation is divided into two parts that are named, borrowing from classical control theory terminology, control and plant. The control consists of air traffic control, traffic flow management, and airline operation center models, and the plant consists of flight, airport, and airspace models. The plant can run open loop, in the absence of the control. However, undesired affects, such as conflicts and over congestions in the airspaces and airports, can occur. Different controls are applied, "plug and played", to the plant. A particular control is evaluated by analyzing how well it managed conflicts and congestions. Furthermore, the terminal area plants consist of models of airports and terminal airspaces. Each model consists of a set of nodes and links which are connected by the user to form a network. Nodes model runways, fixes, taxi intersections, gates, and/or other points of interest, and links model taxiways, departure paths, and arrival paths. Metering, flow distribution, and sequencing functions can be applied at nodes. Different fidelity model of how a flight transits are can be used by links. The fidelity of the model can be adjusted by the user by either changing the complexity of the node/link network-or the way that the link models how the flights transit from one node to the other.

77 FR 22190 - Amendment of Class E Airspace; Columbia, SC, and Establishment of Class E Airspace; Pelion, SC

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-13

... National Airspace System. This action also updates the geographic coordinates of the airport. DATES... airport. The geographic coordinates also are adjusted to coincide with the FAAs aeronautical database. The...

Helicopter pilots' views of air traffic controller responsibilities: a mismatch.

PubMed

Martin, Daniel; Nixon, Jim

2018-02-21

Controllers and pilots must work together to ensure safe and efficient helicopter flight within the London control zone. Subjective ratings of pilot perception of controller responsibility for five key flight tasks were obtained from thirty helicopter pilots. Three types of airspace were investigated. Results indicate that there is variation in pilot understanding of controller responsibility compared to the formal regulations that define controller responsibility. Significant differences in the perception of controller responsibility were found for the task of aircraft separation in class D airspace and along helicopter routes. Analysis of the patterns of response suggests that task type rather than the airspace type may be the key factor. Results are framed using the concept of a shared mental model. This research demonstrates that pilots flying in complex London airspace have an expectation of controller responsibility for certain flight tasks, in certain airspace types that is not supported by aviation regulation. Practitioner Summary: The responsibility for tasks during flight varies according to the flight rules used and airspace type. Helicopter pilots may attribute responsibility to controllers for tasks when controllers have no responsibility as defined by regulation. This variation between pilot perceptions of controller responsibility could affect safety within the London control zone.

Coalition Airspace Management and Deconfliction

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-01-01

and the Low- Cost Autonomous Attack System (LOCAAS). Current airspace management procedures are inadequate to deal with these types of weapons. As...drawn to this projection. 11 these spaces over a geocentric terrain removes both types of distortion and is inherently easier to understand, as...shown in Figure 8. Figure 8 - Airspaces on a Geocentric Projection - The corridor airspaces in this picture span large distances, yet on this

Design and Evaluation of a Dynamic Programming Flight Routing Algorithm Using the Convective Weather Avoidance Model

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ng, Hok K.; Grabbe, Shon; Mukherjee, Avijit

2010-01-01

The optimization of traffic flows in congested airspace with varying convective weather is a challenging problem. One approach is to generate shortest routes between origins and destinations while meeting airspace capacity constraint in the presence of uncertainties, such as weather and airspace demand. This study focuses on development of an optimal flight path search algorithm that optimizes national airspace system throughput and efficiency in the presence of uncertainties. The algorithm is based on dynamic programming and utilizes the predicted probability that an aircraft will deviate around convective weather. It is shown that the running time of the algorithm increases linearly with the total number of links between all stages. The optimal routes minimize a combination of fuel cost and expected cost of route deviation due to convective weather. They are considered as alternatives to the set of coded departure routes which are predefined by FAA to reroute pre-departure flights around weather or air traffic constraints. A formula, which calculates predicted probability of deviation from a given flight path, is also derived. The predicted probability of deviation is calculated for all path candidates. Routes with the best probability are selected as optimal. The predicted probability of deviation serves as a computable measure of reliability in pre-departure rerouting. The algorithm can also be extended to automatically adjust its design parameters to satisfy the desired level of reliability.

An Evaluation of Operational Airspace Sectorization Integrated System (OASIS) Advisory Tool

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lee, Paul U.; Mogford, Richard H.; Bridges, Wayne; Buckley, Nathan; Evans, Mark; Gujral, Vimmy; Lee, Hwasoo; Peknik, Daniel; Preston, William

2013-01-01

In January 2013, a human-in-the-loop evaluation of the Operational Airspace Sectorization Integrated System (OASIS) was conducted in the Airspace Operations Laboratory of the Human Systems Integration Division (Code TH) in conjunction with the Aviation Systems Division (Code AF). The development of OASIS is a major activity of the Dynamic Airspace Configuration (DAC) research focus area within the Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate (ARMD) Airspace Systems Program. OASIS is an advisory tool to assist Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) En Route Area Supervisors in their planning of sector combinedecombine operations as well as opening closing of Data-side (D-side) control positions. These advisory solutions are tailored to the predicted traffic demand over the next few hours. During the experiment, eight retired FAA personnel served as participants for a part-task evaluation of OASIS functionality, covering the user interface as well as the underlying algorithm. Participants gave positive feedback on both the user interface and the algorithm solutions for airspace configuration, including an excellent average rating of 94 on the tool usability scales. They also suggested various enhancements to the OASIS tool, which will be incorporated into the next tool development cycle for the full-scale human-in-the-loop evaluation to be conducted later this year.

77 FR 9839 - Amendment of Class D and Class E Airspace, and Establishment of Class E Airspace; Bozeman, MT

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-21

..., to accommodate aircraft using Instrument Landing System (ILS) Localizer (LOC) standard instrument... 6005 Class E airspace areas extending upward from 700 feet or more above the surface of the earth...

National Airspace System (NAS) open system architecture and protocols

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2003-08-14

This standard establishes the open systems data communications architecture and authorized protocol standards for the National Airspace System (NAS). The NAS will consist of various types of processors and communications networks procured from a vari...

77 FR 27269 - Access to Aircraft Situation Display to Industry (ASDI) and National Airspace System Status...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-09

... members for this purpose. To assist the FAA in accurately and efficiently processing the number of... information. The receipt of this information could influence whether the FAA can add or delete aircraft from... blocking at the FAA source or at the industry level. The distinction between blocking ASDI data at the FAA...

76 FR 55232 - Establishment of Class E Airspace; Copperhill, TN

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-07

...) Standard Instrument Approach Procedures serving Martin Campbell Field Airport. This action enhances the safety and airspace management of Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) operations within the National Airspace... Positioning System (GPS) Standard Instrument Approach Procedures developed for Martin Campbell Field Airport...

78 FR 34552 - Modification of Class D and Class E Airspace and Establishment of Class E Airspace; Pasco, WA

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-10

... aircraft using Area Navigation (RNAV) Global Positioning System (GPS) standard instrument approach.... This action also makes a minor change to the legal description of the Class E airspace designated as an...

Identification and Analysis of National Airspace System Resource Constraints

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Smith, Jeremy C.; Marien, Ty V.; Viken, Jeffery K.; Neitzke, Kurt W.; Kwa, Tech-Seng; Dollyhigh, Samuel M.; Fenbert, James W.; Hinze, Nicolas K.

2015-01-01

This analysis is the deliverable for the Airspace Systems Program, Systems Analysis Integration and Evaluation Project Milestone for the Systems and Portfolio Analysis (SPA) focus area SPA.4.06 Identification and Analysis of National Airspace System (NAS) Resource Constraints and Mitigation Strategies. "Identify choke points in the current and future NAS. Choke points refer to any areas in the en route, terminal, oceanic, airport, and surface operations that constrain actual demand in current and projected future operations. Use the Common Scenarios based on Transportation Systems Analysis Model (TSAM) projections of future demand developed under SPA.4.04 Tools, Methods and Scenarios Development. Analyze causes, including operational and physical constraints." The NASA analysis is complementary to a NASA Research Announcement (NRA) "Development of Tools and Analysis to Evaluate Choke Points in the National Airspace System" Contract # NNA3AB95C awarded to Logistics Management Institute, Sept 2013.

Joint University Program for Air Transportation Research, 1990-1991

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Morrell, Frederick R. (Compiler)

1991-01-01

The goals of this program are consistent with the interests of both NASA and the FAA in furthering the safety and efficiency of the National Airspace System. Research carried out at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Ohio University, and Princeton University are covered. Topics studied include passive infrared ice detection for helicopters, the cockpit display of hazardous windshear information, fault detection and isolation for multisensor navigation systems, neural networks for aircraft system identification, and intelligent failure tolerant control.

76 FR 52230 - Establishment of Class E Airspace; Forest, VA

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-22

... Instrument Approach Procedures serving New London Airport. This action enhances the safety and airspace management of Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) operations within the National Airspace System. DATES: Effective... to support the new RNAV GPS standard instrument approach procedures developed for New London Airport...

Management advisory memorandum on National Airspace System infrastructure management system prototype, Federal Aviation Administration

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1997-03-01

This is our Management Advisory Memorandum on the National Airspace : System (NAS) Infrastructure Management System (NIMS) prototype : project in the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). Our review was : initiated in response to a hotline complaint...

Optimizing Integrated Terminal Airspace Operations Under Uncertainty

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bosson, Christabelle; Xue, Min; Zelinski, Shannon

2014-01-01

In the terminal airspace, integrated departures and arrivals have the potential to increase operations efficiency. Recent research has developed geneticalgorithm- based schedulers for integrated arrival and departure operations under uncertainty. This paper presents an alternate method using a machine jobshop scheduling formulation to model the integrated airspace operations. A multistage stochastic programming approach is chosen to formulate the problem and candidate solutions are obtained by solving sample average approximation problems with finite sample size. Because approximate solutions are computed, the proposed algorithm incorporates the computation of statistical bounds to estimate the optimality of the candidate solutions. A proof-ofconcept study is conducted on a baseline implementation of a simple problem considering a fleet mix of 14 aircraft evolving in a model of the Los Angeles terminal airspace. A more thorough statistical analysis is also performed to evaluate the impact of the number of scenarios considered in the sampled problem. To handle extensive sampling computations, a multithreading technique is introduced.

Unmanned Aircraft Systems Traffic Management (UTM) Safely Enabling UAS Operations in Low-Altitude Airspace

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kopardekar, Parimal H.

2017-01-01

Conduct research, development and testing to identify airspace operations requirements to enable large-scale visual and beyond visual line of sight UAS operations in the low-altitude airspace. Use build-a-little-test-a-little strategy remote areas to urban areas Low density: No traffic management required but understanding of airspace constraints. Cooperative traffic management: Understanding of airspace constraints and other operations. Manned and unmanned traffic management: Scalable and heterogeneous operations. UTM construct consistent with FAAs risk-based strategy. UTM research platform is used for simulations and tests. UTM offers path towards scalability

77 FR 65462 - Establishment of Class E Airspace; La Belle, FL

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-29

...) Standard Instrument Approach Procedures at La Belle Municipal Airport. This action enhances the safety and airspace management of Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) operations within the National Airspace System. DATES... accommodate the new RNAV GPS Standard Instrument Approach Procedures developed for La Belle Municipal Airport...

78 FR 1750 - Establishment of Class E Airspace; Princeton, KY

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-09

... the safety and airspace management of Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) operations within the National Airspace System. This action also makes a minor adjustment to the geographic coordinates of the airport... action qualifies for categorical exclusion under the National Environmental Policy Act in accordance with...

78 FR 72010 - Establishment of Class E Airspace; Magee, MS

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-02

... safety and airspace management of Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) operations within the National Airspace System. This action also updates the geographic coordinates of the airport. DATES: Effective 0901 UTC.... Subsequent to publication, the FAA found an error in the geographic coordinates of Magee Municipal Airport...

The Effects of Projected Future Demand Including Very Light Jet Air-Taxi Operations on U.S. National Airspace System Delays as a Function of Next Generation Air Transportation System Airspace Capacity

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Smith, Jerry; Viken, Jeff; Dollyhigh, Samuel; Trani, Antonio; Baik, Hojong; Hinze, Nicholas; Ashiabor, Senanu

2007-01-01

This paper presents the results from a study which investigates the potential effects of the growth in air traffic demand including projected Very Light Jet (VLJ) air-taxi operations adding to delays experienced by commercial passenger air transportation in the year 2025. The geographic region studied is the contiguous United States (U.S.) of America, although international air traffic to and from the U.S. is included. The main focus of this paper is to determine how much air traffic growth, including VLJ air-taxi operations will add to enroute airspace congestion and determine what additional airspace capacity will be needed to accommodate the expected demand. Terminal airspace is not modeled and increased airport capacity is assumed.

Management advisory memorandum on resource requirement planning for operating and maintaining the National Airspace System

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1997-01-13

Management Advisory Memorandum on Resource Requirement Planning for Operating and Maintaining the National Airspace System (NAS) in the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). Evaluates FAA's resource requirement planning system to ensure it accuratel...

National Airspace System : status of wide area augmentation system project

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1998-04-30

As a key element of its overall program for modernizing the National Airspace : System, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is planning a transition from : ground- to satellite-based navigation by using satellite signals generated by : the Depa...

Considerations in the Integration of Small Aircraft Transportation System Higher Volume Operations (SATSHVO) in the National Airspace System (NAS)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lohr, Gary W.; Williams, Dan; Abbott, Terence; Baxley, Brian; Greco, Adam; Ridgway, Richard

2005-01-01

The Small Aircraft Transportation System Higher Volume Operations (SATS HVO) concept holds the promise for increased efficiency and throughput at many of the nations under-used airports. This concept allows for concurrent operations at uncontrolled airports that under today s procedures are restricted to one arrival or one departure operation at a time, when current-day IFR separation standards are applied. To allow for concurrent operations, SATS HVO proposes several fundamental changes to today's system. These changes include: creation of dedicated airspace, development of new procedures and communications (phraseologies), and assignment of roles and responsibilities for pilots and controllers, among others. These changes would affect operations on the airborne side (pilot) as well as the groundside (controller and air traffic flow process). The focus of this paper is to discuss some of the issues and potential problems that have been considered in the development of the SATS HVO concept, in particular from the ground side perspective. Reasonable solutions to the issues raised here have been proposed by the SATS HVO team, and are discussed in this paper.

75 FR 57216 - Proposed Establishment of Class E Airspace; Bamberg, SC

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-20

... submitted in triplicate to the Docket Management System (see ADDRESSES section for address and phone number... action proposes to establish Class E Airspace at Bamberg, SC, to accommodate the additional airspace needed for the Standard Instrument Approach Procedures (SIAPs) developed for Bamberg County Airport. This...

75 FR 57215 - Proposed Establishment of Class E Airspace; Crewe, VA

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-20

... submitted in triplicate to the Docket Management System (see ADDRESSES section for address and phone number... action proposes to establish Class E Airspace at Crewe, VA, to accommodate the additional airspace needed for the Standard Instrument Approach Procedures (SIAPs) developed for Crewe Municipal Airport. This...

75 FR 28765 - Amendment of Class E Airspace; Pine Mountain, GA

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-24

... triplicate to the Docket Management System (see ADDRESSES section for address and phone number). You may also... proposes to amend Class E Airspace at Pine Mountain, GA, to accommodate the additional airspace needed for the Standard Instrument Approach Procedures (SIAPs) developed for Harris County Airport. This action...

76 FR 59013 - Amendment of Class E Airspace; Burlington, VT

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-23

... airspace management of Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) operations within the National Airspace System. This action also makes a minor adjustment to the geographic coordinates of the airport and recognizes the name... modified for the safety and management of IFR operations at the airport. The geographic coordinates for...

77 FR 1012 - Establishment of Class E Airspace; Inverness, FL

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-09

... airspace management of Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) operations within the National Airspace System. This action also makes a minor adjustment to the geographic coordinates of the airport. DATES: Effective 0901.... Subsequent to publication, the FAA found that the geographic coordinates for Inverness Airport needed to be...

78 FR 67299 - Modification of Class E Airspace; Cut Bank, MT

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-12

...-0664; Airspace Docket No. 13-ANM-22] Modification of Class E Airspace; Cut Bank, MT AGENCY: Federal... Cut Bank, MT, to accommodate new Area Navigation (RNAV) Global Positioning System (GPS) standard instrument approach procedures at Cut Bank Municipal Airport. This improves the safety and management of...

76 FR 2000 - Modification of Class E Airspace; Show Low, AZ

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-12

...-0903; Airspace Docket No. 10-AWP-16] Modification of Class E Airspace; Show Low, AZ AGENCY: Federal... Show Low, AZ, to accommodate aircraft using a new Area Navigation (RNAV) Global Positioning System (GPS) Standard Instrument Approach Procedures at Show Low Regional Airport. This will improve the safety and...

Optimum Strategies for Selecting Descent Flight-Path Angles

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wu, Minghong G. (Inventor); Green, Steven M. (Inventor)

2016-01-01

An information processing system and method for adaptively selecting an aircraft descent flight path for an aircraft, are provided. The system receives flight adaptation parameters, including aircraft flight descent time period, aircraft flight descent airspace region, and aircraft flight descent flyability constraints. The system queries a plurality of flight data sources and retrieves flight information including any of winds and temperatures aloft data, airspace/navigation constraints, airspace traffic demand, and airspace arrival delay model. The system calculates a set of candidate descent profiles, each defined by at least one of a flight path angle and a descent rate, and each including an aggregated total fuel consumption value for the aircraft following a calculated trajectory, and a flyability constraints metric for the calculated trajectory. The system selects a best candidate descent profile having the least fuel consumption value while the fly ability constraints metric remains within aircraft flight descent flyability constraints.

Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) Traffic Management (UTM): Enabling Civilian Low-Altitude Airspace and Unmanned Aerial System Operations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kopardekar, Parimal Hemchandra

2016-01-01

Just a year ago we laid out the UTM challenges and NASA's proposed solutions. During the past year NASA's goal continues to be to conduct research, development and testing to identify airspace operations requirements to enable large-scale visual and beyond visual line-of-sight UAS operations in the low-altitude airspace. Significant progress has been made, and NASA is continuing to move forward.

Fast-time Simulation of an Automated Conflict Detection and Resolution Concept

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Windhorst, Robert; Erzberger, Heinz

2006-01-01

This paper investigates the effect on the National Airspace System of reducing air traffc controller workload by automating conflict detection and resolution. The Airspace Concept Evaluation System is used to perform simulations of the Cleveland Center with conventional and with automated conflict detection and resolution concepts. Results show that the automated conflict detection and resolution concept significantly decreases growth of delay as traffic demand is increased in en-route airspace.

Conflict Resolution for Wind-Optimal Aircraft Trajectories in North Atlantic Oceanic Airspace with Wind Uncertainties

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rodionova, Olga; Sridhar, Banavar; Ng, Hok K.

2016-01-01

Air traffic in the North Atlantic oceanic airspace (NAT) experiences very strong winds caused by jet streams. Flying wind-optimal trajectories increases individual flight efficiency, which is advantageous when operating in the NAT. However, as the NAT is highly congested during peak hours, a large number of potential conflicts between flights are detected for the sets of wind-optimal trajectories. Conflict resolution performed at the strategic level of flight planning can significantly reduce the airspace congestion. However, being completed far in advance, strategic planning can only use predicted environmental conditions that may significantly differ from the real conditions experienced further by aircraft. The forecast uncertainties result in uncertainties in conflict prediction, and thus, conflict resolution becomes less efficient. This work considers wind uncertainties in order to improve the robustness of conflict resolution in the NAT. First, the influence of wind uncertainties on conflict prediction is investigated. Then, conflict resolution methods accounting for wind uncertainties are proposed.

Method and System for Dynamic Automated Corrections to Weather Avoidance Routes for Aircraft in En Route Airspace

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

McNally, B. David (Inventor); Erzberger, Heinz (Inventor); Sheth, Kapil (Inventor)

2015-01-01

A dynamic weather route system automatically analyzes routes for in-flight aircraft flying in convective weather regions and attempts to find more time and fuel efficient reroutes around current and predicted weather cells. The dynamic weather route system continuously analyzes all flights and provides reroute advisories that are dynamically updated in real time while the aircraft are in flight. The dynamic weather route system includes a graphical user interface that allows users to visualize, evaluate, modify if necessary, and implement proposed reroutes.

76 FR 45478 - Proposed Establishment of Class E Airspace; Nahunta, GA

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-29

...) Global Positioning System (GPS) Standard Instrument Approach Procedures serving the Brantley County...) operations within the National Airspace System. DATES: Comments must be received on or before September 12... distribution System, which describes the application procedure. [[Page 45479

Technology Considerations for Inclusion of Survivability in MDAO

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Alexandrov, Natalia M.

2017-01-01

Rising traffic density, along with autonomy and diversity of vehicles in the air, will fundamentally change the safety environment of the future air transportation system. The change in risk is two-fold: increasing chances of mid-air collisions with non-cooperative objects and increasing chances of crashes over highly populated areas. The changing nature of the vehicles populating the airspace means that civilian aircraft design must now explicitly include considerations of survivability in the event of collision with other vehicles, as well as prevention of damage to people, animals and property on the ground, to a much greater extent than today. This paper offers a preliminary perspective on how MDAO could contribute toward these goals. One of the conclusions is that, in contrast to traditional vehicle design, to accommodate the complexity of the future airspace safely and efficiently, vehicle design requirements, modeling, and design optimization must be closely connected to the properties of the airspace, including those of other vehicles in the air. Thus, the total measure of a vehicle's survivability should include the traditional survivability in malfunction scenarios, combined with new considerations of survivability in collisions and survivability of the public on the ground.

National Airspace System interface management plan

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1986-01-01

This document is intended to implement Interface Management for interfacing subsystems of the National Airspace System (NAS) and for external NAS interfaces by establishing a process which assures that: Interface requirements are agreed to by interfa...

Financing the FAA : comparisons of existing and alternative systems to provide funding for the development and operations of the National Airspace System

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2000-03-30

This paper examines selected alternative methods of financing the National : Airspace System (NAS), and presents information on the consequences to major : system users of alternative financing mechanisms. The paper examines : alternatives that have ...

Operational Improvements From the In-Trail Procedure in the North Atlantic Organized Track System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chartrand, Ryan C.; Bussink, Frank J. L.; Graff, Thomas J.; Murdoch, Jennifer L.; Jones, Kenneth M.

2008-01-01

This paper explains the computerized batch processing experiment examining the operational impacts of the introduction of Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) equipment and the In-Trail Procedure (ITP) to the North Atlantic Organized Track System (NATOTS). This experiment was conducted using the Traffic Manager (TMX), a desktop simulation capable of simulating airspace environments and aircraft operations. ADS-B equipment can enable the use of new ground and airborne procedures, such as the ITP. The ITP is among the first of these new procedures, which will make use of improved situation awareness in the local surrounding airspace of ADS-B equipped aircraft to enable more efficient oceanic flight level changes. The data collected were analyzed with respect to multiple operationally relevant parameters including fuel burn, request approval rates, and the distribution of fuel savings. This experiment showed that through the use of ADS-B or ADS-B and the ITP that operational improvements and benefits could be achieved.

Operational Improvements From Using the In-Trail Procedure in the North Atlantic Organized Track System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chartrand, Ryan C.; Bussink, Frank J.; Graff, Thomas J.; Jones, Kenneth M.

2009-01-01

This paper explains the computerized batch processing experiment examining the operational impacts of the introduction of Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) equipment and the In-Trail Procedure (ITP) to the North Atlantic Organized Track System. This experiment was conducted using the Traffic Manager (TMX), a desktop simulation capable of simulating airspace environments and aircraft operations. ADS-B equipment can enable the use of new ground and airborne procedures, such as the ITP. ITP is among the first of these new procedures, which will make use of improved situation awareness in the local surrounding airspace of ADS-B equipped aircraft to enable more efficient oceanic flight level changes. The collected data were analyzed with respect to multiple operationally relevant parameters including fuel burn, request approval rates, and the distribution of fuel savings. This experiment showed that through the use of ADS-B or ADS-B and the ITP that operational improvements and benefits could be achieved.

A Concept for Robust, High Density Terminal Air Traffic Operations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Isaacson, Douglas R.; Robinson, John E.; Swenson, Harry N.; Denery, Dallas G.

2010-01-01

This paper describes a concept for future high-density, terminal air traffic operations that has been developed by interpreting the Joint Planning and Development Office s vision for the Next Generation (NextGen) Air Transportation System and coupling it with emergent NASA and other technologies and procedures during the NextGen timeframe. The concept described in this paper includes five core capabilities: 1) Extended Terminal Area Routing, 2) Precision Scheduling Along Routes, 3) Merging and Spacing, 4) Tactical Separation, and 5) Off-Nominal Recovery. Gradual changes are introduced to the National Airspace System (NAS) by phased enhancements to the core capabilities in the form of increased levels of automation and decision support as well as targeted task delegation. NASA will be evaluating these conceptual technological enhancements in a series of human-in-the-loop simulations and will accelerate development of the most promising capabilities in cooperation with the FAA through the Efficient Flows Into Congested Airspace Research Transition Team.

76 FR 64235 - Establishment of Class E Airspace; Nahunta, GA

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-18

.... * * * * * ASO GA E5 Nahunta, GA [New] Brantley County Airport, GA (Lat. 31[deg]12'22'' N., long. 81[deg]54'22...-0727; Airspace Docket No. 11-ASO-32] Establishment of Class E Airspace; Nahunta, GA AGENCY: Federal... at Nahunta, GA, to accommodate the new Area Navigation (RNAV) Global Positioning System (GPS...

Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Integration in the National Airspace System (NAS) Project FY16 Annual Review

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Grindle, Laurie; Hackenberg, Davis

2016-01-01

This presentation gives insight into the research activities and efforts being executed in order to integrate unmanned aircraft systems into the national airspace system. This briefing is to inform others of the UAS-NAS FY16 progress and future directions.

78 FR 27872 - Proposed Amendment of Class E Airspace; Salt Lake City, UT

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-13

... System (GPS) and Instrument Landing System (ILS) or Localizer (LOC) standard instrument approach...: Paragraph 6005 Class E airspace areas extending upward from 700 feet or more above the surface of the earth...

Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems Integration into the National Airspace System Visual-Line-of-Sight Human-in-the-Loop Experiment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Trujillo, Anna C.; Ghatas, Rania W.; Mcadaragh, Raymon; Burdette, Daniel W.; Comstock, James R.; Hempley, Lucas E.; Fan, Hui

2015-01-01

As part of the Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) in the National Airspace System (NAS) project, research on integrating small UAS (sUAS) into the NAS was underway by a human-systems integration (HSI) team at the NASA Langley Research Center. Minimal to no research has been conducted on the safe, effective, and efficient manner in which to integrate these aircraft into the NAS. sUAS are defined as aircraft weighing 55 pounds or less. The objective of this human system integration team was to build a UAS Ground Control Station (GCS) and to develop a research test-bed and database that provides data, proof of concept, and human factors guidelines for GCS operations in the NAS. The objectives of this experiment were to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of flying sUAS in Class D and Class G airspace utilizing manual control inputs and voice radio communications between the pilot, mission control, and air traffic control. The design of the experiment included three sets of GCS display configurations, in addition to a hand-held control unit. The three different display configurations were VLOS, VLOS + Primary Flight Display (PFD), and VLOS + PFD + Moving Map (Map). Test subject pilots had better situation awareness of their vehicle position, altitude, airspeed, location over the ground, and mission track using the Map display configuration. This configuration allowed the pilots to complete the mission objectives with less workload, at the expense of having better situation awareness of other aircraft. The subjects were better able to see other aircraft when using the VLOS display configuration. However, their mission performance, as well as their ability to aviate and navigate, was reduced compared to runs that included the PFD and Map displays.

Remotely Operated Aircraft (ROA) Impact on the National Airspace System (NAS) Work Package, 2005: Composite Report on FAA Flight Plan and Operational Evaluation Plan. Version 7.0

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2005-01-01

The purpose of this document is to present the findings that resulted from a high-level analysis and evaluation of the following documents: (1) The OEP (Operational Evolution Plan) Version 7 -- a 10-year plan for operational improvements to increase capacity and efficiency in U.S. air travel and transport and other use of domestic airspace. The OEP is the FAA commitment to operational improvements. It is outcome driven, with clear lines of accountability within FAA organizations. The OEP concentrates on operational solutions and integrates safety, certification, procedures, staffing, equipment, avionics and research; (2) The Draft Flight Plan 2006 through 2010 -- a multi-year strategic effort, setting a course for the FAA through 2001, to provide the safest and most efficient air transportation system in the world; (3) The NAS System Architecture Version 5 -- a blueprint for modernizing the NAS and improving NAS services and capabilities through the year 2015; and (4) The NAS-SR-1000 System Requirements Specification (NASSRS) -- a compilation of requirements which describe the operational capabilities for the NAS. The analysis is particularly focused on examining the documents for relevance to existing and/or planned future UAV operations. The evaluation specifically focuses on potential factors that could materially affect the development of a commercial ROA industry, such as: (1) Design limitations of the CNS/ATM system, (2) Human limitations, The information presented was taken from program specifications or program office lead personnel.

Impact of Airspace Charges on Transatlantic Aircraft Trajectories

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sridhar, Banavar; Ng, Hok K.; Linke, Florian; Chen, Neil Y.

2015-01-01

Aircraft flying over the airspace of different countries are subject to over-flight charges. These charges vary from country to country. Airspace charges, while necessary to support the communication, navigation and surveillance services, may lead to aircraft flying routes longer than wind-optimal routes and produce additional carbon dioxide and other gaseous emissions. This paper develops an optimal route between city pairs by modifying the cost function to include an airspace cost whenever an aircraft flies through a controlled airspace without landing or departing from that airspace. It is assumed that the aircraft will fly the trajectory at a constant cruise altitude and constant speed. The computationally efficient optimal trajectory is derived by solving a non-linear optimal control problem. The operational strategies investigated in this study for minimizing aircraft fuel burn and emissions include flying fuel-optimal routes and flying cost-optimal routes that may completely or partially reduce airspace charges en route. The results in this paper use traffic data for transatlantic flights during July 2012. The mean daily savings in over-flight charges, fuel cost and total operation cost during the period are 17.6 percent, 1.6 percent, and 2.4 percent respectively, along the cost- optimal trajectories. The transatlantic flights can potentially save $600,000 in fuel cost plus $360,000 in over-flight charges daily by flying the cost-optimal trajectories. In addition, the aircraft emissions can be potentially reduced by 2,070 metric tons each day. The airport pairs and airspace regions that have the highest potential impacts due to airspace charges are identified for possible reduction of fuel burn and aircraft emissions for the transatlantic flights. The results in the paper show that the impact of the variation in fuel price on the optimal routes is to reduce the difference between wind-optimal and cost-optimal routes as the fuel price increases. The additional fuel consumption is quantified using the 30 percent variation in fuel prices during March 2014 to March 2015.

Evolution of A Distributed Live, Virtual, Constructive Environment for Human in the Loop Unmanned Aircraft Testing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Murphy, James R.; Otto, Neil M.

2017-01-01

NASA's Unmanned Aircraft Systems Integration in the National Airspace System Project is conducting human in the loop simulations and flight testing intended to reduce barriers associated with enabling routine airspace access for unmanned aircraft. The primary focus of these tests is interaction of the unmanned aircraft pilot with the display of detect and avoid alerting and guidance information. The project's integrated test and evaluation team was charged with developing the test infrastructure. As with any development effort, compromises in the underlying system architecture and design were made to allow for the rapid prototyping and open-ended nature of the research. In order to accommodate these design choices, a distributed test environment was developed incorporating Live, Virtual, Constructive, (LVC) concepts. The LVC components form the core infrastructure support simulation of UAS operations by integrating live and virtual aircraft in a realistic air traffic environment. This LVC infrastructure enables efficient testing by leveraging the use of existing assets distributed across multiple NASA Centers. Using standard LVC concepts enable future integration with existing simulation infrastructure.

Evolution of A Distributed Live, Virtual, Constructive Environment for Human in the Loop Unmanned Aircraft Testing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Murphy, Jim; Otto, Neil

2017-01-01

NASA's Unmanned Aircraft Systems Integration in the National Airspace System Project is conducting human in the loop simulations and flight testing intended to reduce barriers associated with enabling routine airspace access for unmanned aircraft. The primary focus of these tests is interaction of the unmanned aircraft pilot with the display of detect and avoid alerting and guidance information. The projects integrated test and evaluation team was charged with developing the test infrastructure. As with any development effort, compromises in the underlying system architecture and design were made to allow for the rapid prototyping and open-ended nature of the research. In order to accommodate these design choices, a distributed test environment was developed incorporating Live, Virtual, Constructive, (LVC) concepts. The LVC components form the core infrastructure support simulation of UAS operations by integrating live and virtual aircraft in a realistic air traffic environment. This LVC infrastructure enables efficient testing by leveraging the use of existing assets distributed across multiple NASA Centers. Using standard LVC concepts enable future integration with existing simulation infrastructure.

Development of a framework for the assessment of capacity and throughput technologies within the National Airspace System

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Garcia, Elena

The demand for air travel is expanding beyond the capacity of the existing National Airspace System. Excess traffic results in delays and compromised safety. Thus, a number of initiatives to improve airspace capacity have been proposed. To assess the impact of these technologies on air traffic one must move beyond the vehicle to a system-of-systems point of view. This top-level perspective must include consideration of the aircraft, airports, air traffic control and airlines that make up the airspace system. In addition to these components and their interactions economics, safety and government regulations must also be considered. Furthermore, the air transportation system is inherently variable with changes in everything from fuel prices to the weather. The development of a modeling environment that enables a comprehensive probabilistic evaluation of technological impacts was the subject of this thesis. The final modeling environment developed used economics as the thread to tie the airspace components together. Airport capacities and delays were calculated explicitly with due consideration to the impacts of air traffic control. The delay costs were then calculated for an entire fleet, and an airline economic analysis, considering the impact of these costs, was carried out. Airline return on investment was considered the metric of choice since it brings together all costs and revenues, including the cost of delays, landing fees for airport use and aircraft financing costs. Safety was found to require a level of detail unsuitable for a system-of-systems approach and was relegated to future airspace studies. Environmental concerns were considered to be incorporated into airport regulations and procedures and were not explicitly modeled. A deterministic case study was developed to test this modeling environment. The Atlanta airport operations for the year 2000 were used for validation purposes. A 2005 baseline was used as a basis for comparing the four technologies considered: a very large aircraft, Terminal Area Productivity air traffic control technologies, smoothing of an airline schedule, and the addition of a runway. A case including all four technologies simultaneously was also considered. Unfortunately, the complexity of the system prevented full exploration of the probabilistic aspects of the National Airspace System.

CTAS and NASA Air Traffic Management Fact Sheets for En Route Descent Advisor and Surface Management System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lee, Katharine

2004-01-01

The Surface Management System (SMS) is a decision support tool that will help controllers, traffic managers, and NAS users manage the movements of aircraft on the surface of busy airports, improving capacity, efficiency, and flexibility. The Advanced Air Transportation Technologies (AATT) Project at NASA is developing SMS in cooperation with the FAA's Free Flight Phase 2 (FFP2) pro5ram. SMS consists of three parts: a traffic management tool, a controller tool, and a National Airspace System (NAS) information tool.

SBIR Advanced Technologies in Aviation and Air Transportation System 2016

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Nguyen, Hung D.; Steele, Gynelle C.; Kaszeta, Richard W.; Gold, Calman; Corke, Thomas C.; McGowan, Ryan; Matlis, Eric; Eichenlaub, Jesse; Davis, Joshua T.; Shah, Parthiv N.

2017-01-01

This report is intended to provide a broad knowledge of various topics associated with NASA's Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate (ARMD), with particular interest on the NASA SBIR contracts awarded from 2011-2012 executed by small companies. The content of this report focuses on the high-quality, cutting-edge research that will lead to revolutionary concepts, technologies, and capabilities that enable radical change to both the airspace system and the aircraft that fly within it, facilitating a safer, more environmentally friendly, and more efficient air transportation system.

Enabling Civilian Low-Altitude Airspace and Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) Operations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kopardekar, Parimal

2014-01-01

UAS operations will be safer if a UTM system is available to support the functions associated with Airspace management and geo-fencing (reduce risk of accidents, impact to other operations, and community concerns); Weather and severe wind integration (avoid severe weather areas based on prediction); Predict and manage congestion (mission safety);Terrain and man-made objects database and avoidance; Maintain safe separation (mission safety and assurance of other assets); Allow only authenticated operations (avoid unauthorized airspace use).

76 FR 45479 - Proposed Establishment of Class E Airspace; Bumpass, VA

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-29

...) Global Positioning System (GPS) Standard Instrument Approach Procedures serving Lake Anna Airport. This... within the National Airspace System. DATES: Comments must be received on or before September 12, 2011... distribution System, which describes the application procedure. The Proposal The FAA is considering an...

Identification and Characterization of Key Human Performance Issues and Research in the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lee, Paul U.; Sheridan, Tom; Poage, james L.; Martin, Lynne Hazel; Jobe, Kimberly K.

2010-01-01

This report identifies key human-performance-related issues associated with Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) research in the NASA NextGen-Airspace Project. Four Research Focus Areas (RFAs) in the NextGen-Airspace Project - namely Separation Assurance (SA), Airspace Super Density Operations (ASDO), Traffic Flow Management (TFM), and Dynamic Airspace Configuration (DAC) - were examined closely. In the course of the research, it was determined that the identified human performance issues needed to be analyzed in the context of NextGen operations rather than through basic human factors research. The main gaps in human factors research in NextGen were found in the need for accurate identification of key human-systems related issues within the context of specific NextGen concepts and better design of the operational requirements for those concepts. By focusing on human-system related issues for individual concepts, key human performance issues for the four RFAs were identified and described in this report. In addition, mixed equipage airspace with components of two RFAs were characterized to illustrate potential human performance issues that arise from the integration of multiple concepts.

Modeling Aircraft Position and Conservatively Calculating Airspace Violations for an Autonomous Collision Awareness System for Unmanned Aerial Systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ueunten, Kevin K.

With the scheduled 30 September 2015 integration of Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) into the national airspace, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is concerned with UAS capabilities to sense and avoid conflicts. Since the operator is outside the cockpit, the proposed collision awareness plugin (CAPlugin), based on probability and error propagation, conservatively predicts potential conflicts with other aircraft and airspaces, thus increasing the operator's situational awareness. The conflict predictions are calculated using a forward state estimator (FSE) and a conflict calculator. Predicting an aircraft's position, modeled as a mixed Gaussian distribution, is the FSE's responsibility. Furthermore, the FSE supports aircraft engaged in the following three flight modes: free flight, flight path following and orbits. The conflict calculator uses the FSE result to calculate the conflict probability between an aircraft and airspace or another aircraft. Finally, the CAPlugin determines the highest conflict probability and warns the operator. In addition to discussing the FSE free flight, FSE orbit and the airspace conflict calculator, this thesis describes how each algorithm is implemented and tested. Lastly two simulations demonstrates the CAPlugin's capabilities.

Design, Development, and Testing of a UAV Hardware-in-the-Loop Testbed for Aviation and Airspace Prognostics Research

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kulkarni, Chetan; Teubert, Chris; Gorospe, George; Burgett, Drew; Quach, Cuong C.; Hogge, Edward

2016-01-01

The airspace is becoming more and more complicated, and will continue to do so in the future with the integration of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), autonomy, spacecraft, other forms of aviation technology into the airspace. The new technology and complexity increases the importance and difficulty of safety assurance. Additionally, testing new technologies on complex aviation systems & systems of systems can be very difficult, expensive, and sometimes unsafe in real life scenarios. Prognostic methodology provides an estimate of the health and risks of a component, vehicle, or airspace and knowledge of how that will change over time. That measure is especially useful in safety determination, mission planning, and maintenance scheduling. The developed testbed will be used to validate prediction algorithms for the real-time safety monitoring of the National Airspace System (NAS) and the prediction of unsafe events. The framework injects flight related anomalies related to ground systems, routing, airport congestion, etc. to test and verify algorithms for NAS safety. In our research work, we develop a live, distributed, hardware-in-the-loop testbed for aviation and airspace prognostics along with exploring further research possibilities to verify and validate future algorithms for NAS safety. The testbed integrates virtual aircraft using the X-Plane simulator and X-PlaneConnect toolbox, UAVs using onboard sensors and cellular communications, and hardware in the loop components. In addition, the testbed includes an additional research framework to support and simplify future research activities. It enables safe, accurate, and inexpensive experimentation and research into airspace and vehicle prognosis that would not have been possible otherwise. This paper describes the design, development, and testing of this system. Software reliability, safety and latency are some of the critical design considerations in development of the testbed. Integration of HITL elements in the development phases and veri cation/ validation are key elements to this report.

Designing selection tests for the future National Airspace System architecture

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1997-08-01

Empirical data describing the mix of human abilities required to operate and maintain the future National Airspace System (NAS) architecture are presently lacking. A research program is proposed to develop the scientific tools and collect data to des...

Review of the FAA 1982 National Airspace System plan

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1982-08-01

The National Airspace (NAS) Plan outlines the Federal Aviation Administration's most recent proposals for modernizing the facilities and equipment that make up the air traffic control (ATC) system. This review of the NAS Plan examines the Plan at two...

Safely Enabling Civilian Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) Operations in Low-Altitude Airspace by Unmanned Aerial System Traffic Management (UTM)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kopardekar, Parimal Hemchandra

2015-01-01

Many UAS will operate at lower altitude (Class G, below 2000 feet). There is an urgent need for a system for civilian low-altitude airspace and UAS operations. Stakeholders want to work with NASA to enable safe operations.

Safely Enabling Civilian Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) Operations In Low-Altitude Airspace By Unmanned Aerial System Traffic Management (UTM)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kopardekar, Parimal H.

2015-01-01

Many UAS will operate at lower altitude (Class G, below 2000 feet)There is urgent need for a system for civilian low-altitude airspace and UAS operations. Stakeholders want to work with NASA to enable safe operations.

78 FR 48080 - Proposed Establishment of Class E Airspace; Magee, MS

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-07

...) Global Positioning System (GPS) Standard Instrument Approach Procedure (SIAP) serving Magee Municipal...) operations within the National Airspace System. DATES: Comments must be received on or before September 23... No. 13-ASO-8) and be submitted in triplicate to the Docket Management System (see ADDRESSES section...

76 FR 21268 - Proposed Establishment of Class E Airspace; Lincoln, OR

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-15

...This action proposes to establish Class E airspace at Lincoln, OR. Controlled airspace is necessary to accommodate aircraft using a new Area Navigation (RNAV) Global Positioning System (GPS) standard instrument approach procedures at Samaritan North Lincoln Hospital Heliport, Lincoln, OR. The FAA is proposing this action to enhance the safety and management of aircraft operations at the heliport.

78 FR 34554 - Establishment of Class E Airspace; Blue Mesa, CO

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-10

...This action establishes Class E airspace at Blue Mesa VHF Omni-Directional Radio Range/Distance Measuring Equipment (VOR/DME), Blue Mesa, CO, to facilitate vectoring of Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) aircraft under control of Denver and Albuquerque Air Route Traffic Control Centers (ARTCCs). This improves the safety and management of IFR operations within the National Airspace System.

78 FR 33265 - Proposed Establishment of Class E Airspace; Umatilla, FL

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-04

...) Global Positioning System (GPS) Standard Instrument Approach Procedures at Umatilla Municipal Airport... (GPS) standard instrument approach procedures for Umatilla Municipal Airport. Controlled airspace...

Concept of operations for commercial space transportation in the National Airspace System

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2001-05-11

This is a concept document. It provides a conceptual overview of commercial space transportation (CST) : operations in the National Airspace System (NAS) in 2005 and beyond. This document is intended to support : evolution of a fully integrated, mode...

An initial survey of national airspace system auditory alarm issues in terminal air traffic control.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2003-04-01

A researcher from the Research Development & Human Factors Laboratory of the William J. Hughes Technical Center conducted an exploratory study to examine current National Airspace System (NAS) auditory alarm issues. The purpose was to identify proble...

DAG-TM Concept Element 11 CNS Performance Assessment: ADS-B Performance in the TRACON

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Raghavan, Rajesh S.

2004-01-01

Distributed Air/Ground (DAG) Traffic Management (TM) is an integrated operational concept in which flight deck crews, air traffic service providers and aeronautical operational control personnel use distributed decision-making to enable user preferences and increase system capacity, while meeting air traffic management (ATM) safety requirements. It is a possible operational mode under the Free Flight concept outlined by the RTCA Task Force 3. The goal of DAG-TM is to enhance user flexibility/efficiency and increase system capacity, without adversely affecting system safety or restricting user accessibility to the National Airspace System (NAS). DAG-TM will be accomplished with a human-centered operational paradigm enabled by procedural and technological innovations. These innovations include automation aids, information sharing and Communication, Navigation, and Surveillance (CNS) / ATM technologies. The DAG-TM concept is intended to eliminate static restrictions to the maximum extent possible. In this paradigm, users may plan and operate according to their preferences - as the rule rather than the exception - with deviations occurring only as necessary. The DAG-TM concept elements aim to mitigate the extent and impact of dynamic NAS constraints, while maximizing the flexibility of airspace operations

Human factors considerations for the integration of unmanned aerial vehicles in the National Airspace System : an analysis of reports submitted to the Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS)

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-06-06

Successful integration of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) operations into the National Airspace System requires the identification and mitigation of operational risks. This report reviews human factors issues that have been identified in operational as...

77 FR 33685 - Proposed Establishment of Class E Airspace; Arcadia, FL

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-07

... action proposes to establish Class E Airspace at Arcadia, FL, to accommodate the Area Navigation (RNAV) Global Positioning System (GPS) Standard Instrument Approach Procedures at Arcadia Municipal Airport... Proposed Rulemaking distribution System, which describes the application procedure. The Proposal The FAA is...

Safely Enabling UAS Operations in Low-Altitude Airspace

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kopardekar, Parimal

2017-01-01

NASA is developing a system to safely enable low altitude unmanned aerial system (UAS) operations. The system is referred to as UAS Traffic Management (UTM). The UTM will safely enable a variety of business models and multiple operations in the same airspace. The UTM will provide services such as airspace configuration and geo-fencing, weather and wind integration, demand-capacity imbalance management, and separation management, and contingency management. The UTM research and development has been conducted in collaboration with many in industry, academia, and government. The UTM system will evolve through four builds. Each build will be collaboratively tested with partners. The final prototype will be available for persistent daily use of UAS operations beyond line of sight.

78 FR 78794 - Proposed Establishment of Class E Airspace; Flagstaff, AZ

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-27

...This action proposes to establish Class E airspace at the Flagstaff VHF Omni-Directional Radio Range/Distance Measuring Equipment (VOR/DME) navigation aid, Flagstaff, AZ, to facilitate vectoring of Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) aircraft under control of Albuquerque Air Route Traffic Control Center (ARTCC). The FAA is proposing this action to enhance the safety and management of aircraft operations within the National Airspace System.

A graph based algorithm for adaptable dynamic airspace configuration for NextGen

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Savai, Mehernaz P.

The National Airspace System (NAS) is a complicated large-scale aviation network, consisting of many static sectors wherein each sector is controlled by one or more controllers. The main purpose of the NAS is to enable safe and prompt air travel in the U.S. However, such static configuration of sectors will not be able to handle the continued growth of air travel which is projected to be more than double the current traffic by 2025. Under the initiative of the Next Generation of Air Transportation system (NextGen), the main objective of Adaptable Dynamic Airspace Configuration (ADAC) is that the sectors should change to the changing traffic so as to reduce the controller workload variance with time while increasing the throughput. Change in the resectorization should be such that there is a minimal increase in exchange of air traffic among controllers. The benefit of a new design (improvement in workload balance, etc.) should sufficiently exceed the transition cost, in order to deserve a change. This leads to the analysis of the concept of transition workload which is the cost associated with a transition from one sectorization to another. Given two airspace configurations, a transition workload metric which considers the air traffic as well as the geometry of the airspace is proposed. A solution to reduce this transition workload is also discussed. The algorithm is specifically designed to be implemented for the Dynamic Airspace Configuration (DAC) Algorithm. A graph model which accurately represents the air route structure and air traffic in the NAS is used to formulate the airspace configuration problem. In addition, a multilevel graph partitioning algorithm is developed for Dynamic Airspace Configuration which partitions the graph model of airspace with given user defined constraints and hence provides the user more flexibility and control over various partitions. In terms of air traffic management, vertices represent airports and waypoints. Some of the major (busy) airports need to be given more importance and hence treated separately. Thus the algorithm takes into account the air route structure while finding a balance between sector workloads. The performance of the proposed algorithms and performance metrics is validated with the Enhanced Traffic Management System (ETMS) air traffic data.

A Virtual Laboratory for Aviation and Airspace Prognostics Research

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kulkarni, Chetan; Gorospe, George; Teubert, Christ; Quach, Cuong C.; Hogge, Edward; Darafsheh, Kaveh

2017-01-01

Integration of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), autonomy, spacecraft, and other aviation technologies, in the airspace is becoming more and more complicated, and will continue to do so in the future. Inclusion of new technology and complexity into the airspace increases the importance and difficulty of safety assurance. Additionally, testing new technologies on complex aviation systems and systems of systems can be challenging, expensive, and at times unsafe when implementing real life scenarios. The application of prognostics to aviation and airspace management may produce new tools and insight into these problems. Prognostic methodology provides an estimate of the health and risks of a component, vehicle, or airspace and knowledge of how that will change over time. That measure is especially useful in safety determination, mission planning, and maintenance scheduling. In our research, we develop a live, distributed, hardware- in-the-loop Prognostics Virtual Laboratory testbed for aviation and airspace prognostics. The developed testbed will be used to validate prediction algorithms for the real-time safety monitoring of the National Airspace System (NAS) and the prediction of unsafe events. In our earlier work1 we discussed the initial Prognostics Virtual Laboratory testbed development work and related results for milestones 1 & 2. This paper describes the design, development, and testing of the integrated tested which are part of milestone 3, along with our next steps for validation of this work. Through a framework consisting of software/hardware modules and associated interface clients, the distributed testbed enables safe, accurate, and inexpensive experimentation and research into airspace and vehicle prognosis that would not have been possible otherwise. The testbed modules can be used cohesively to construct complex and relevant airspace scenarios for research. Four modules are key to this research: the virtual aircraft module which uses the X-Plane simulator and X-PlaneConnect toolbox, the live aircraft module which connects fielded aircraft using onboard cellular communications devices, the hardware in the loop (HITL) module which connects laboratory based bench-top hardware testbeds and the research module which contains diagnostics and prognostics tools for analysis of live air traffic situations and vehicle health conditions. The testbed also features other modules for data recording and playback, information visualization, and air traffic generation. Software reliability, safety, and latency are some of the critical design considerations in development of the testbed.

NASA System-Level Design, Analysis and Simulation Tools Research on NextGen

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bardina, Jorge

2011-01-01

A review of the research accomplished in 2009 in the System-Level Design, Analysis and Simulation Tools (SLDAST) of the NASA's Airspace Systems Program is presented. This research thrust focuses on the integrated system-level assessment of component level innovations, concepts and technologies of the Next Generation Air Traffic System (NextGen) under research in the ASP program to enable the development of revolutionary improvements and modernization of the National Airspace System. The review includes the accomplishments on baseline research and the advancements on design studies and system-level assessment, including the cluster analysis as an annualization standard of the air traffic in the U.S. National Airspace, and the ACES-Air MIDAS integration for human-in-the-loop analyzes within the NAS air traffic simulation.

78 FR 25384 - Establishment of Class E Airspace; Immokalee, FL

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-01

... management of Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) operations within the National Airspace System. DATES: Effective... at Immokalee, FL, to accommodate the Area Navigation (RNAV) Global Positioning System (GPS) Standard... Procedures developed for Big Cypress Airfield. This action is necessary for the safety and management of IFR...

76 FR 54155 - Proposed Establishment of Class E Airspace; Danville, PA

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-31

...) Global Positioning System (GPS) Standard Instrument Approach Procedures at Danville Airport. This action would enhance the safety and airspace management of Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) operations at the... submitted in triplicate to the Docket Management System (see ADDRESSES section for address and phone number...

76 FR 35370 - Proposed Establishment of Class E Airspace; Copperhill, TN

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-17

...) Global Positioning System (GPS) Standard Instrument Approach Procedures at Martin Campbell Field Airport. This action would enhance the safety and airspace management of Instrument Flight Rules (IFR... submitted in triplicate to the Docket Management System (see ADDRESSES section for address and phone number...

National Airspace System : issues in allocating costs for air traffic services to the DOD and other users

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1997-04-25

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has the primary responsibility under : federal law for the development and operation of the system for both military : and civil aircraft in the nation's airspace. The Department of Defense (DOD), : in coordi...

Department of Defense Air Traffic Control and Airspace Systems Interface with the National Airspace System

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-03-30

systems on the DoD in terms of safety and operational- effectiveness and probable impacts on specific Air Force mission requirements. The report does... Systems ................................. 2-21 2.1.3 Flight Service and Weather Systems .......................... 2-22 2.1.3.1 Flight Service Automation...2-41 2.2.2 Terminal Control and Landing Systems .. ....................... 2-44 2.2.3 Flight Information and Weather Systems

Efficiency Enhancement of a Cantilever-Based Vibration Energy Harvester

PubMed Central

Kubba, Ali E.; Jiang, Kyle

2014-01-01

Extracting energy from ambient vibration to power wireless sensor nodes has been an attractive area of research, particularly in the automotive monitoring field. This article reports the design, analysis and testing of a vibration energy harvesting device based on a miniature asymmetric air-spaced cantilever. The developed design offers high power density, and delivers electric power that is sufficient to support most wireless sensor nodes for structural health monitoring (SHM) applications. The optimized design underwent three evolutionary steps, starting from a simple cantilever design, going through an air-spaced cantilever, and ending up with an optimized air-spaced geometry with boosted power density level. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was used as an initial tool to compare the three geometries' stiffness (K), output open-circuit voltage (Vave), and average normal strain in the piezoelectric transducer (εave) that directly affect its output voltage. Experimental tests were also carried out in order to examine the energy harvesting level in each of the three designs. The experimental results show how to boost the power output level in a thin air-spaced cantilever beam for energy within the same space envelope. The developed thin air-spaced cantilever (8.37 cm3), has a maximum power output of 2.05 mW (H = 29.29 μJ/cycle). PMID:24366177

Efficiency enhancement of a cantilever-based vibration energy harvester.

PubMed

Kubba, Ali E; Jiang, Kyle

2013-12-23

Extracting energy from ambient vibration to power wireless sensor nodes has been an attractive area of research, particularly in the automotive monitoring field. This article reports the design, analysis and testing of a vibration energy harvesting device based on a miniature asymmetric air-spaced cantilever. The developed design offers high power density, and delivers electric power that is sufficient to support most wireless sensor nodes for structural health monitoring (SHM) applications. The optimized design underwent three evolutionary steps, starting from a simple cantilever design, going through an air-spaced cantilever, and ending up with an optimized air-spaced geometry with boosted power density level. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was used as an initial tool to compare the three geometries' stiffness (K), output open-circuit voltage (V(ave)), and average normal strain in the piezoelectric transducer (ε(ave)) that directly affect its output voltage. Experimental tests were also carried out in order to examine the energy harvesting level in each of the three designs. The experimental results show how to boost the power output level in a thin air-spaced cantilever beam for energy within the same space envelope. The developed thin air-spaced cantilever (8.37 cm3), has a maximum power output of 2.05 mW (H = 29.29 μJ/cycle).

Securing the Global Airspace System Via Identity-Based Security

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ivancic, William D.

2015-01-01

Current telecommunications systems have very good security architectures that include authentication and authorization as well as accounting. These three features enable an edge system to obtain access into a radio communication network, request specific Quality-of-Service (QoS) requirements and ensure proper billing for service. Furthermore, the links are secure. Widely used telecommunication technologies are Long Term Evolution (LTE) and Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) This paper provides a system-level view of network-centric operations for the global airspace system and the problems and issues with deploying new technologies into the system. The paper then focuses on applying the basic security architectures of commercial telecommunication systems and deployment of federated Authentication, Authorization and Accounting systems to provide a scalable, evolvable reliable and maintainable solution to enable a globally deployable identity-based secure airspace system.

Impacts of technology on the capacity needs of the US national airspace system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ausrotas, Raymond A.; Simpson, Robert W.

1992-01-01

A review of the U.S. air transportation system is undertaken, focusing on airspace and airport capacity. Causes of delay and congestion are investigated. Aircraft noise is identified as the fundamental hindrance to capacity improvement. Research areas for NASA are suggested to improve capacity through technology.

75 FR 59934 - Amendment to Class E Airspace; Smithfield, NC

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-29

... Class E airspace at Johnston County Airport, Smithfield, NC, by correcting an omission of the geographic coordinates of the Area Navigation (RNAV) Global Positioning System (GPS) Special Standard Instrument Approach... System. DATES: Effective 0901 UTC, January 13, 2011. The Director of the Federal Register approves this...

Effects of future space vehicle operations on a single day in the National Airspace System : a fast-time computer simulation.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-04-01

This document describes the objectives, methods, analyses, and results of a study used to quantify the effects of future space operations : on the National Airspace System (NAS), and to demonstrate the possible benefits of one proposed strategy to mi...

76 FR 35967 - Amendment of Class E Airspace; Bozeman, MT

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-21

..., Gallatin Field Airport, Bozeman, MT, to accommodate aircraft using Instrument Landing System (ILS... 6005 Class E airspace areas extending upward from 700 feet or more above the surface of the earth...

75 FR 76650 - Proposed Modification of Class E Airspace; Bryce Canyon, UT

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-09

...) Global Positioning System (GPS) Standard Instrument Approach Procedures at Bryce Canyon Airport. The FAA.... Controlled airspace is necessary to accommodate aircraft using the RNAV (GPS) Standard Instrument Approach...

Preliminary Investigation of Civil Tiltrotor in NextGen Airspace

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Young, Larry A.; Salvano, Dan; Wright, Ken; Chung, William; Young, Ray; Miller, David; Paris, Alfanso; Gao, Huina; Cheng, Victor

2010-01-01

Presentation intro: Tiltrotor aircraft have long been envisioned as being a potentially viable means of commercial aviation transport. Preliminary results from an ongoing study into the operational and technological considerations of Civil Tiltrotor (CTR) operation in the Next Generation airspace, circa the 2025 time-frame, are presented and discussed. In particular, a fleet of CTR aircraft has been conceptually designed. The performance characteristics of this CTR fleet was subsequently translated into BADA (Base of Aircraft DAta) models that could be used as input to emulate CTR aircraft operations in the ACES and AvTerminal airspace and terminal area simulation tools. A network of nine North-Eastern corridor airports is the focus of the airspace simulation effort; the results from this airport network viII then be extrapolated to provide insights into systemic impact of CTRs on the National Airspace System (NAS). Future work will also be detailed as to attempts to model the systemic effects of noise and emissions from this fleet of new aircraft as well as assess their leveraged impact on public service missions, in time of need, such as major regional/national disaster relief efforts. The ideal outcome of this study is a set of results whereby Next Gen airspace CONOPs can be refined to reflect potential CTR capabilities and, conversely, CTR technology development efforts can be better informed as to key performance requirement thresholds needed to be met in order to successfully introduce these aircraft into civilian aviation operation.

User Centered, Application Independent Visualization of National Airspace Data

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Murphy, James R.; Hinton, Susan E.

2011-01-01

This paper describes an application independent software tool, IV4D, built to visualize animated and still 3D National Airspace System (NAS) data specifically for aeronautics engineers who research aggregate, as well as single, flight efficiencies and behavior. IV4D was origin ally developed in a joint effort between the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Air Force Research Laboratory (A FRL) to support the visualization of air traffic data from the Airspa ce Concept Evaluation System (ACES) simulation program. The three mai n challenges tackled by IV4D developers were: 1) determining how to d istill multiple NASA data formats into a few minimal dataset types; 2 ) creating an environment, consisting of a user interface, heuristic algorithms, and retained metadata, that facilitates easy setup and fa st visualization; and 3) maximizing the user?s ability to utilize the extended range of visualization available with AFRL?s existing 3D te chnologies. IV4D is currently being used by air traffic management re searchers at NASA?s Ames and Langley Research Centers to support data visualizations.

Safely Enabling UAS Operations in Low-Altitude Airspace

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kopardekar, Parimal

2017-01-01

NASA is developing a system to safely enable low altitude unmanned aerial system (UAS) operations. The system is referred to as UAS Traffic Management (UTM). The UTM will safely enable a variety of business models and multiple operations in the same airspace. The UTM will provide services such as airspace configuration and geo-fencing, weather and wind integration, demand-capacity imbalance management, and separation management, and contingency management. The UTM research and development has been conducted in collaboration with many in industry, academia, and government. The UTM system will evolve through four builds. Each build will be collaboratively tested with partners. The final prototype will be available for persistent daily use of UAS operations beyond visual line of sight (BVLOS).

Federal Aviation Administration Aviation System Capital Investment Plan 1993

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-12-01

Facilitates full use of terminal airspace capacity. 0 Increases safety and efficiency. 62-21 Airport Surface Traffic 0 Optimizes sequencing and...installation of tower control computer complexes (TCCCs) in se- 0 AAS software for terminal and en route ATC lected airport traffic control towers. TCCCs...project provides economical ASR-4/5/6, and install 40 ASR-9s at radar service at airports with air traffic densi- ASR-4/5/6 sites). ties high enough to

Unmanned Aviation Systems Models of the Radio Communications Links: Study Results - Appendices Annex 2. Volume 1 and Volume 2

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Birr, Richard B.; Spencer, Roy; Murray, Jennifer; Lash, Andrew

2013-01-01

This report describes the analysis of communications between the Control Station and an Unmanned Aircraft (UA) flying in the National Airspace System (NAS). This work is based on the RTCA SC-203 Operational Services and Environment Description (OSED). The OSED document seeks to characterize the highly different attributes of all UAs navigating the airspace and define their relationship to airspace users, air traffic services, and operating environments of the NAS. One goal of this report is to lead to the development of Minimum Aviation System Performance Standards for Control and Communications. This report takes the nine scenarios found in the OSED and analyzes the communication links.

Concepts of Integration for UAS Operations in the NAS

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Consiglio, Maria C.; Chamberlain, James P.; Munoz, Cesar A.; Hoffler, Keith D.

2012-01-01

One of the major challenges facing the integration of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) in the National Airspace System (NAS) is the lack of an onboard pilot that can comply with the legal requirement identified in the US Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) that pilots see and avoid other aircraft. UAS will be expected to demonstrate the means to perform the function of see and avoid while preserving the safety level of the airspace and the efficiency of the air traffic system. This paper introduces a Sense and Avoid (SAA) concept for integration of UAS into the NAS that is currently being developed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and identifies areas that require additional experimental evaluation to further inform various elements of the concept. The concept design rests on interoperability principles that take into account both the Air Traffic Control (ATC) environment as well as existing systems such as the Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS). Specifically, the concept addresses the determination of well clear values that are large enough to avoid issuance of TCAS corrective Resolution Advisories, undue concern by pilots of proximate aircraft and issuance of controller traffic alerts. The concept also addresses appropriate declaration times for projected losses of well clear conditions and maneuvers to regain well clear separation.

78 FR 45848 - Amendment of Class E Airspace; Salt Lake City, UT

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-30

... Salt Lake City, UT, to accommodate aircraft using Area Navigation (RNAV) Global Positioning System (GPS) and Instrument Landing System (ILS) or Localizer (LOC) standard instrument approach procedures at Salt..., and makes a minor change to the legal description of Class E airspace extending upward from 1,200 feet...

76 FR 78328 - Access to Aircraft Situation Display to Industry (ASDI) and National Airspace System Status...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-16

... owner's or operator's aircraft registration number from any display of the [FAA's ASDI] data that is... the registration number of the aircraft, whether the requestor is an owner or operator of the aircraft... Aircraft Situation Display to Industry (ASDI) and National Airspace System Status Information (NASSI) Data...

76 FR 28305 - Amendment of Class D and Class E Airspace; Livermore, CA

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-17

... E airspace at Livermore, CA, to accommodate aircraft using new Instrument Landing System (ILS... surface of the earth. * * * * * AWP CA E5 Livermore, CA [Amended] Livermore Municipal Airport, CA (Lat. 37...

76 FR 3569 - Proposed Amendment of Class E Airspace; West Yellowstone, MT

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-20

... accommodate aircraft using the Instrument Landing System (ILS) Localizer (LOC) standard instrument approach... airspace areas extending upward from 700 feet or more above the surface of the earth. * * * * * ANM MT E5...

Coordinated Parallel Runway Approaches

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Koczo, Steve

1996-01-01

The current air traffic environment in airport terminal areas experiences substantial delays when weather conditions deteriorate to Instrument Meteorological Conditions (IMC). Expected future increases in air traffic will put additional pressures on the National Airspace System (NAS) and will further compound the high costs associated with airport delays. To address this problem, NASA has embarked on a program to address Terminal Area Productivity (TAP). The goals of the TAP program are to provide increased efficiencies in air traffic during the approach, landing, and surface operations in low-visibility conditions. The ultimate goal is to achieve efficiencies of terminal area flight operations commensurate with Visual Meteorological Conditions (VMC) at current or improved levels of safety.

MESA: Message-Based System Analysis Using Runtime Verification

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shafiei, Nastaran; Tkachuk, Oksana; Mehlitz, Peter

2017-01-01

In this paper, we present a novel approach and framework for run-time verication of large, safety critical messaging systems. This work was motivated by verifying the System Wide Information Management (SWIM) project of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). SWIM provides live air traffic, site and weather data streams for the whole National Airspace System (NAS), which can easily amount to several hundred messages per second. Such safety critical systems cannot be instrumented, therefore, verification and monitoring has to happen using a nonintrusive approach, by connecting to a variety of network interfaces. Due to a large number of potential properties to check, the verification framework needs to support efficient formulation of properties with a suitable Domain Specific Language (DSL). Our approach is to utilize a distributed system that is geared towards connectivity and scalability and interface it at the message queue level to a powerful verification engine. We implemented our approach in the tool called MESA: Message-Based System Analysis, which leverages the open source projects RACE (Runtime for Airspace Concept Evaluation) and TraceContract. RACE is a platform for instantiating and running highly concurrent and distributed systems and enables connectivity to SWIM and scalability. TraceContract is a runtime verication tool that allows for checking traces against properties specified in a powerful DSL. We applied our approach to verify a SWIM service against several requirements.We found errors such as duplicate and out-of-order messages.

Automation for Accommodating Fuel-Efficient Descents in Constrained Airspace

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Coopenbarger, Richard A.

2010-01-01

Continuous descents at low engine power are desired to reduce fuel consumption, emissions and noise during arrival operations. The challenge is to allow airplanes to fly these types of efficient descents without interruption during busy traffic conditions. During busy conditions today, airplanes are commonly forced to fly inefficient, step-down descents as airtraffic controllers work to ensure separation and maximize throughput. NASA in collaboration with government and industry partners is developing new automation to help controllers accommodate continuous descents in the presence of complex traffic and airspace constraints. This automation relies on accurate trajectory predictions to compute strategic maneuver advisories. The talk will describe the concept behind this new automation and provide an overview of the simulations and flight testing used to develop and refine its underlying technology.

A Simulation Analysis of an Automated Identification Processor for the Tactical Air Control System.

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-06-01

available at the work station for the M&I operators to identify aircraft. Some data is provided via the console such as the IFF/SIF and the airspace control...factors led to the development of efficient work stations for the functional positions in the air defense mission. Experimental Design Experiments are...techniques that helped keep the thesis work "on track"! The Research Design The research plan or design of this thesis effort is not unique. In fact

Lightsats and their attraction to budget oriented Federal agencies

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bonsall, Charles A.

1988-01-01

The term Lightsats refers to low volume, low mass, low Earth orbit, satellites suitable for launch from Get Away Special canisters, or as secondary payloads on expendable launch vehicles. New or existing technology that offers potential to improve the safety, capacity and efficiency of the National Airspace System is discussed. The discussion is presented from the point of view of an individual within a government agency who wants to see a new technology to enhance the mission of that agency.

Pair-Wise Trajectory Management-Oceanic (PTM-O) . [Concept of Operations—Version 3.9

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jones, Kenneth M.

2014-01-01

This document describes the Pair-wise Trajectory Management-Oceanic (PTM-O) Concept of Operations (ConOps). Pair-wise Trajectory Management (PTM) is a concept that includes airborne and ground-based capabilities designed to enable and to benefit from, airborne pair-wise distance-monitoring capability. PTM includes the capabilities needed for the controller to issue a PTM clearance that resolves a conflict for a specific pair of aircraft. PTM avionics include the capabilities needed for the flight crew to manage their trajectory relative to specific designated aircraft. Pair-wise Trajectory Management PTM-Oceanic (PTM-O) is a regional specific application of the PTM concept. PTM is sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Concept and Technology Development Project (part of NASA's Airspace Systems Program). The goal of PTM is to use enhanced and distributed communications and surveillance along with airborne tools to permit reduced separation standards for given aircraft pairs, thereby increasing the capacity and efficiency of aircraft operations at a given altitude or volume of airspace.

Operational Evaluatioin of Dynamic Weather Routes at American Airlines

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

McNally, David; Sheth, Kapil; Gong, Chester; Borchers, Paul; Osborne, Jeff; Keany, Desmond; Scott, Brennan; Smith, Steve; Sahlman, Scott; Lee, Chuhan;

Real-Time Safety Monitoring and Prediction for the National Airspace System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Roychoudhury, Indranil

2016-01-01

As new operational paradigms and additional aircraft are being introduced into the National Airspace System (NAS), maintaining safety in such a rapidly growing environment becomes more challenging. It is therefore desirable to have both an overview of the current safety of the airspace at different levels of granularity, as well an understanding of how the state of the safety will evolve into the future given the anticipated flight plans, weather forecasts, predicted health of assets in the airspace, and so on. To this end, we have developed a Real-Time Safety Monitoring (RTSM) that first, estimates the state of the NAS using the dynamic models. Then, given the state estimate and a probability distribution of future inputs to the NAS, the framework predicts the evolution of the NAS, i.e., the future state, and analyzes these future states to predict the occurrence of unsafe events. The entire probability distribution of airspace safety metrics is computed, not just point estimates, without significant assumptions regarding the distribution type and or parameters. We demonstrate our overall approach by predicting the occurrence of some unsafe events and show how these predictions evolve in time as flight operations progress.

Supporting the Use of Unmanned Aircraft Systems(UAS) for Global Science Observations in Civil and Segregated Airspace

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mulac, B. L.; Reider. K/

2010-01-01

Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) are growing more popular within the earth science community as a way to augment measurements currently made with manned aircraft. UAS arc uniquely suited for applications that require long dwell times and/or in locations that are generally too dangerous for manned aircraft. Environmental monitoring in areas like the Arctic or obtaining data within a hurricane are just a couple of examples of many applications to which UAS are ideally suited. However, UAS are not without their challenges. Most unmanned aircraft are unable to meet current airspace regulations that are in place for manned aircraft, and specific airspace standards and regulations for unmanned aircraft do not exist. As a result, gaining access to civil airspace for flights is very difficult around the world. Under Term of Reference 48 within the ISPRS Commission 1, WGI/I: Standardization of Aircraft Interfaces, efforts have been made to understand and quantify the current state of UAS airspace access on a global scale. The results of these efforts will be presented along with examples of successful science missions that have been conducted internationally during the past year.

Concept of Operations for the Next Generation Air Transportation System. Version 3.2

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-01-01

Airside. Security Identification Display Area/Airport ( SIDA ) operations area, terminal perimeter, terminal airspace (security) • Landside. Terminal...Definition RTSS Remote Terminal Security Screening SAA Special Activity Airspace SIDA Security Identification Display Area SM Separation Management

Multisensor signal processing techniques (hybrid GPS Loran-C with RAIM)

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1991-09-01

One of the major elements in alleviating existing problems in en route airspace is : to allow more aircraft to traverse a given volume of airspace. Recent developments : in navigation systems will support this effort by enabling user preferred routes...

Analysis of System-Wide Investment in the National Airspace System: A Portfolio Analytical Framework and an Example

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bhadra, Dipasis; Morser, Frederick R.

2006-01-01

In this paper, the authors review the FAA s current program investments and lay out a preliminary analytical framework to undertake projects that may address some of the noted deficiencies. By drawing upon the well developed theories from corporate finance, an analytical framework is offered that can be used for choosing FAA s investments taking into account risk, expected returns and inherent dependencies across NAS programs. The framework can be expanded into taking multiple assets and realistic values for parameters in drawing an efficient risk-return frontier for the entire FAA investment programs.

Efficient Conduct of Individual Flights and Air Traffic or Optimum Utilization of Modern Technology for the Overall Benefit of Civil and Military Airspace Users. Conference Proceedings of the Symposium of the Guidance and Control Panel (42nd) Held in Brussels, Belgium on 10-13 June 1986.

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-12-01

subjects such as: - the need to have reliable systems which will be "fault-tolerant’ - the man/machine relationship ; - compatibility between systems. 8. THE...be worked out and that acceptable solutions can be found as regards the man/ machine relationship . It will also be necessary to resolve the problems...management functions of the system should be essentially ground-based. 9. Capacity for coping with demands. 10. ATIM capability and relationship with

Development and Application of an Integrated Approach toward NASA Airspace Systems Research

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Barhydt, Richard; Fong, Robert K.; Abramson, Paul D.; Koenke, Ed

2008-01-01

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Airspace Systems Program is contributing air traffic management research in support of the 2025 Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen). Contributions support research and development needs provided by the interagency Joint Planning and Development Office (JPDO). These needs generally call for integrated technical solutions that improve system-level performance and work effectively across multiple domains and planning time horizons. In response, the Airspace Systems Program is pursuing an integrated research approach and has adapted systems engineering best practices for application in a research environment. Systems engineering methods aim to enable researchers to methodically compare different technical approaches, consider system-level performance, and develop compatible solutions. Systems engineering activities are performed iteratively as the research matures. Products of this approach include a demand and needs analysis, system-level descriptions focusing on NASA research contributions, system assessment and design studies, and common systemlevel metrics, scenarios, and assumptions. Results from the first systems engineering iteration include a preliminary demand and needs analysis; a functional modeling tool; and initial system-level metrics, scenario characteristics, and assumptions. Demand and needs analysis results suggest that several advanced concepts can mitigate demand/capacity imbalances for NextGen, but fall short of enabling three-times current-day capacity at the nation s busiest airports and airspace. Current activities are focusing on standardizing metrics, scenarios, and assumptions, conducting system-level performance assessments of integrated research solutions, and exploring key system design interfaces.

Flight tests show potential benefits of data link as primary communication medium

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Scanlon, Charles H.; Knox, Charles E.

1991-01-01

Message exchange for air traffic control (ATC) purposes via data link offers the potential benefits of increasing the airspace system safety and efficiency. This is accomplished by reducing communication errors and relieving the overloaded ATC radio frequencies, which hamper efficient message exchanges during peak traffic periods in many busy terminal areas. However, the many uses and advantages of data link create additional questions concerning the interface among the human-users and the cockpit and ground systems. A flight test was conducted in the NASA Langley B-737 airplane to contrast flight operations using current voice communications with the use of data link for transmitting both strategic and tactical ATC clearances during a typical commercial airline flight from takeoff to landing. Commercial airplane pilots were used as test subjects.

Using Neural Networks to Explore Air Traffic Controller Workload

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Martin, Lynne; Kozon, Thomas; Verma, Savita; Lozito, Sandra C.

2006-01-01

When a new system, concept, or tool is proposed in the aviation domain, one concern is the impact that this will have on operator workload. As an experience, workload is difficult to measure in a way that will allow comparison of proposed systems with those already in existence. Chatterji and Sridhar (2001) suggested a method by which airspace parameters can be translated into workload ratings, using a neural network. This approach was employed, and modified to accept input from a non-real time airspace simulation model. The following sections describe the preparations and testing work that will enable comparison of a future airspace concept with a current day baseline in terms of workload levels.

Fuel Efficient Strategies for Reducing Contrail Formations in United States Air Space

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sridhar, Banavar; Chen, Neil Y.; Ng, Hok K.

2010-01-01

This paper describes a class of strategies for reducing persistent contrail formation in the United States airspace. The primary objective is to minimize potential contrail formation regions by altering the aircraft's cruising altitude in a fuel-efficient way. The results show that the contrail formations can be reduced significantly without extra fuel consumption and without adversely affecting congestion in the airspace. The contrail formations can be further reduced by using extra fuel. For the day tested, the maximal reduction strategy has a 53% contrail reduction rate. The most fuel-efficient strategy has an 8% reduction rate with 2.86% less fuel-burnt compared to the maximal reduction strategy. Using a cost function which penalizes extra fuel consumed while maximizing the amount of contrail reduction provides a flexible way to trade off between contrail reduction and fuel consumption. It can achieve a 35% contrail reduction rate with only 0.23% extra fuel consumption. The proposed fuel-efficient contrail reduction strategy provides a solution to reduce aviation-induced environmental impact on a daily basis.

Shadow Mode Assessment Using Realistic Technologies for the National Airspace (SMART NAS)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kopardekar, Parimal H.

2014-01-01

Develop a simulation and modeling capability that includes: (a) Assessment of multiple parallel universes, (b) Accepts data feeds, (c) Allows for live virtual constructive distribute environment, (d) Enables integrated examinations of concepts, algorithms, technologies and National Airspace System (NAS) architectures.

78 FR 59622 - Establishment of Class E Airspace; Akutan, AK

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-27

... at Akutan Airport, Akutan, AK. Controlled airspace is necessary to accommodate aircraft using the new Area Navigation (RNAV) Global Positioning System (GPS) standard instrument approach procedures at the airport. This action enhances the safety and management of aircraft operations at the airport. DATES...

78 FR 50322 - Amendment of Class E Airspace; Point Thomson, AK

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-19

... Area Navigation (RNAV) Global Positioning System (GPS) standard instrument approach procedures have been established at the airport. This action enhances the safety and management of aircraft operations... Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This action modifies the airspace at Point...

National Airspace System Plan: Facilities, Equipment, Associated Development and Other Capital Needs

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-09-01

yes include: 0 Air carrier routes and services will reflect a * Having an operating National Airspace System better balance between trip frequency and... balanced workload. " A major improvement and integration of the FAA communications system will be imple- 0 Reliable equipment, which minimizes the stress...them in this will lead to the development of production level balancing sector staffing levels, specifications in FY 97. * Trial flight plan function

The Performance of the NAS HSPs in 1st Half of 1994

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bergeron, Robert J.; Walter, Howard (Technical Monitor)

1995-01-01

During the first six months of 1994, the NAS (National Airspace System) 16-CPU Y-MP C90 Von Neumann (VN) delivered an average throughput of 4.045 GFLOPS while the ACSF (Aeronautics Consolidated Supercomputer Facility) 8-CPU Y-MP C90 Eagle averaged 1.658 GFLOPS. The VN rate represents a machine efficiency of 26.3% whereas the Eagle rate corresponds to a machine efficiency of 21.6%. VN displayed a greater efficiency than Eagle primarily because the stronger workload demand for its CPU cycles allowed it to devote more time to user programs and less time to idle. An additional factor increasing VN efficiency was the ability of the UNICOS 8.0 Operating System to deliver a larger fraction of CPU time to user programs. Although measurements indicate increasing vector length for both workloads, insufficient vector lengths continue to hinder HSP (High Speed Processor) performance. To improve HSP performance, NAS should continue to encourage the HSP users to modify their codes to increase program vector length.

Characterization of Days Based On Analysis of National Airspace System Performance Metrics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chatterji, Gano B.; Musaffar, Bassam; Meyn, Larry A.; Quon, Leighton K.

2006-01-01

Days of operations in the National Airspace System can be described in term of traffic demand, runway conditions, equipment outages, and surface and enroute weather conditions. These causes manifest themselves in terms of departure delays, arrival delays, enroute delays and traffic flow management delays, Traffic flow management initiatives such as, ground stops, ground delay programs, miles-in-trail restrictions, rerouting and airborne holding are imposed to balance the air traffic demand with respect to the available capacity, In order to maintain operational efficiency of the National Airspace System, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) maintains delay sad other statistics in the Air Traffic Operations Network (OPSNET) and the Aviation System Performance Metrics (ASPM) databases. OPSNET data includes reportable delays of fifteen minutes ox more experienced by Instrument Flight Rule (IFR) flights. Numbers of aircraft affected by departure delays, enroute delays, arrival delays and traffic flow delays are recorded in the OPSNET data. ASPM data consist of number of actual departures, number of canceled departures, percentage of on time departures, percentage of on time gate arrivals, taxi-out delays. taxi-in delays, gate delays, arrival delays and block delays. Surface conditions at the major U.S. airports are classified in terms of Instrument Meteorological Condition (IMC) and Visual Meteorological Condition (VMC) as a function of the time of the day in the ASPM data. The main objective of this paper is to use OPSNET and ASPM data to classify the days in the datasets into few distinct groups, where each group is separated from the other groups in terms of a distance metric. The motivations for classifying the days are two-fold, 1) to enable selection of days of traffic with particular operational characteristics for concept evaluation using system-wide simulation systems such as the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Airspace Concepts Evaluation Tool (ACES) and 2) to enable evaluation of a given day with respect to the characteristics of the classified groups. The first part of the paper is devoted to the analysis of major trends seen in the OPSNET and ASPM data. The second part of the paper is devoted to describing features or measures derived from the OPSNET and ASPM data that are suitable for characterizing days, and the classification algorithm used for grouping the days. Finally, the method for evaluating the characteristics of a given day with respect to the properties of the groups is described.

Aeronautical Situational Awareness - Airport Surface

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Linetsky, Vladimir M.; Ivancic, William D.; Vaden, Karl R.

2017-01-01

This paper advocates for a specific design approach, based on simple principals, yet addresses challenges faced by the system engineers when designing complex data and information infrastructure. The document provides guidance for breaking out various work elements in the overall network architecture design, so that communication systems are conceived and effectively realized regardless of their location, size and local specifics. Although targeted at the Global Airspace System (GAS) and National Airspace System (NAS), this framework can be applied to any network-centric architecture.

Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Integration in the National Airspace System (NAS) Project

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fern, Lisa

2017-01-01

This presentation summarizes the simulation work conducted by the Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Integration in the National Airspace System (NAS) Project. It focuses on the contribution of that research to the development of RTCA Special Committee 228's (SC-228) Minimum Operational Performance Standards (MOPS) for UAS. The research objectives and primary findings from four different human-in-the-loop simulations are discussed, along with the specific requirements these studies led to in the final MOPS document.

Traffic Flow Management and Optimization

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rios, Joseph Lucio

2014-01-01

This talk will present an overview of Traffic Flow Management (TFM) research at NASA Ames Research Center. Dr. Rios will focus on his work developing a large-scale, parallel approach to solving traffic flow management problems in the national airspace. In support of this talk, Dr. Rios will provide some background on operational aspects of TFM as well a discussion of some of the tools needed to perform such work including a high-fidelity airspace simulator. Current, on-going research related to TFM data services in the national airspace system and general aviation will also be presented.

76 FR 79563 - Proposed Amendment of Class E Airspace; Sheridan, WY

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-22

...: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking (NPRM). SUMMARY: This action proposes to amend Class E airspace at Sheridan County Airport, Sheridan, WY. Decommissioning of the Sheridan Tactical Air Navigation System (TACAN) has made this action necessary for the safety and...

77 FR 55688 - Amendment of Class E Airspace; Boise, ID

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-11

... needed as a reference. The Donnelly Tactical Air Navigation System (TACAN) has been decommissioned and controlled airspace reconfigured. This action also makes a minor change to the legal description in reference.... No comments were received. The FAA's Aeronautical Products Office requested the legal description for...

75 FR 12974 - Establishment of Class E Airspace; Hailey, ID

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-18

... airspace at Hailey, ID, to accommodate aircraft using the Area Navigation (RNAV) Global Positioning System (GPS) Standard Instrument Approach Procedure (SIAP) at Friedman Memorial Airport. This will improve the safety of Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) operations at the airport. DATES: Effective Date: 0901 UTC, June...

Analysis of Aircraft Clusters to Measure Sector-Independent Airspace Congestion

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bilimoria, Karl D.; Lee, Hilda Q.

2005-01-01

The Distributed Air/Ground Traffic Management (DAG-TM) concept of operations* permits appropriately equipped aircraft to conduct Free Maneuvering operations. These independent aircraft have the freedom to optimize their trajectories in real time according to user preferences; however, they also take on the responsibility to separate themselves from other aircraft while conforming to any local Traffic Flow Management (TFM) constraints imposed by the air traffic service provider (ATSP). Examples of local-TFM constraints include temporal constraints such as a required time of arrival (RTA), as well as spatial constraints such as regions of convective weather, special use airspace, and congested airspace. Under current operations, congested airspace typically refers to a sector(s) that cannot accept additional aircraft due to controller workload limitations; hence Dynamic Density (a metric that is indicative of controller workload) can be used to quantify airspace congestion. However, for Free Maneuvering operations under DAG-TM, an additional metric is needed to quantify the airspace congestion problem from the perspective of independent aircraft. Such a metric would enable the ATSP to prevent independent aircraft from entering any local areas of congestion in which the flight deck based systems and procedures may not be able to ensure separation. This new metric, called Gaggle Density, offers the ATSP a mode of control to regulate normal operations and to ensure safety and stability during rare-normal or off-normal situations (e.g., system failures). It may be difficult to certify Free Maneuvering systems for unrestricted operations, but it may be easier to certify systems and procedures for specified levels of Gaggle Density that could be monitored by the ATSP, and maintained through relatively minor flow-rate (RTA type) restrictions. Since flight deck based separation assurance is airspace independent, the challenge is to measure congestion independent of sector boundaries. Figure 1 , reproduced from Ref. 1, depicts an example traffic situation. When the situation is analyzed by sector boundaries (left side of figure), a Dynamic Density metric would identify excessive congestion in the central sector. When the same traffic situation is analyzed independent of sector boundaries (right side of figure), a Gaggle Density metric would identify congestion in two dynamically defined areas covering portions of several sectors. The first step towards measuring airspace-independent congestion is to identify aircraft clusters, i.e., groups of closely spaced aircraft. The objective of this work is to develop techniques to detect and classify clusters of aircraft.

Analysis of Wake VAS Benefits Using ACES Build 3.2.1: VAMS Type 1 Assessment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Smith, Jeremy C.

2005-01-01

The FAA and NASA are currently engaged in a Wake Turbulence Research Program to revise wake turbulence separation standards, procedures, and criteria to increase airport capacity while maintaining or increasing safety. The research program is divided into three phases: Phase I near term procedural enhancements; Phase II wind dependent Wake Vortex Advisory System (WakeVAS) Concepts of Operations (ConOps); and Phase III farther term ConOps based on wake prediction and sensing. The Phase III Wake VAS ConOps is one element of the Virtual Airspace Modelling and Simulation (VAMS) program blended concepts for enhancing the total system wide capacity of the National Airspace System (NAS). This report contains a VAMS Program Type 1 (stand-alone) assessment of the expected capacity benefits of Wake VAS at the 35 FAA Benchmark Airports and determines the consequent reduction in delay using the Airspace Concepts Evaluation System (ACES) Build 3.2.1 simulator.

UAS Integration Into the NAS: An Examination of Baseline Compliance in the Current Airspace System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fern, Lisa; Kenny, Caitlin A.; Shively, Robert J.; Johnson, Walter

2012-01-01

As a result of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012, Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) are expected to be integrated into the National Airspace System (NAS) by 2015. Several human factors challenges need to be addressed before UAS can safely and routinely fly in the NAS with manned aircraft. Perhaps the most significant challenge is for the UAS to be non-disruptive to the air traffic management system. Another human factors challenge is how to provide UAS pilots with intuitive traffic information in order to support situation awareness (SA) of their airspace environment as well as a see-and-avoid capability comparable to manned aircraft so that a UAS pilot could safely maneuver the aircraft to maintain separation and collision avoidance if necessary. A simulation experiment was conducted to examine baseline compliance of UAS operations in the current airspace system. Researchers also examined the effects of introducing a Cockpit Situation Display (CSD) into a UAS Ground Control Station (GCS) on UAS pilot performance, workload and situation awareness while flying in a positively controlled sector. Pilots were tasked with conducting a highway patrol police mission with a Medium Altitude Long Endurance (MALE) UAS in L.A. Center airspace with two mission objectives: 1) to reroute the UAS when issued new instructions from their commander, and 2) to communicate with Air Traffic Control (ATC) to negotiate flight plan changes and respond to vectoring and altitude change instructions. Objective aircraft separation data, workload ratings, SA data, and subjective ratings regarding UAS operations in the NAS were collected. Results indicate that UAS pilots were able to comply appropriately with ATC instructions. In addition, the introduction of the CSD improved pilot SA and reduced workload associated with UAS and ATC interactions.

Speed and path control for conflict-free flight in high air traffic demand in terminal airspace

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rezaei, Ali

To accommodate the growing air traffic demand, flights will need to be planned and navigated with a much higher level of precision than today's aircraft flight path. The Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) stands to benefit significantly in safety and efficiency from such movement of aircraft along precisely defined paths. Air Traffic Operations (ATO) relying on such precision--the Precision Air Traffic Operations or PATO--are the foundation of high throughput capacity envisioned for the future airports. In PATO, the preferred method is to manage the air traffic by assigning a speed profile to each aircraft in a given fleet in a given airspace (in practice known as (speed control). In this research, an algorithm has been developed, set in the context of a Hybrid Control System (HCS) model, that determines whether a speed control solution exists for a given fleet of aircraft in a given airspace and if so, computes this solution as a collective speed profile that assures separation if executed without deviation. Uncertainties such as weather are not considered but the algorithm can be modified to include uncertainties. The algorithm first computes all feasible sequences (i.e., all sequences that allow the given fleet of aircraft to reach destinations without violating the FAA's separation requirement) by looking at all pairs of aircraft. Then, the most likely sequence is determined and the speed control solution is constructed by a backward trajectory generation, starting with the aircraft last out and proceeds to the first out. This computation can be done for different sequences in parallel which helps to reduce the computation time. If such a solution does not exist, then the algorithm calculates a minimal path modification (known as path control) that will allow separation-compliance speed control. We will also prove that the algorithm will modify the path without creating a new separation violation. The new path will be generated by adding new waypoints in the airspace. As a byproduct, instead of minimal path modification, one can use the aircraft arrival time schedule to generate the sequence in which the aircraft reach their destinations.

Application of an ADS-B Sense and Avoid Algorithm

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Arteaga, Ricardo; Kotcher, Robert; Cavalin, Moshe; Dandachy, Mohammed

2016-01-01

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration Armstrong Flight Research Center in Edwards, California is leading a program aimed towards integrating unmanned aircraft system into the national airspace system (UAS in the NAS). The overarching goal of the program is to reduce technical barriers associated with related safety issues as well as addressing challenges that will allow UAS routine access to the national airspace. This research paper focuses on three novel ideas: (1) A design of an integrated UAS equipped with Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast that constructs a more accurate state-based airspace model; (2) The use of Stratway Algorithm in a real-time environment; and (3) The verification and validation of sense and avoid performance and usability test results which provide a pilot's perspective on how our system will benefit the UAS in the NAS program for both piloted and unmanned aircraft.

76 FR 46212 - Proposed Modification of Class E Airspace; Blythe, CA

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-02

... procedures at Blythe Airport. The FAA is proposing this action to enhance the safety and management of... be submitted in triplicate to the Docket Management System (see ADDRESSES section for address and... controlled airspace is necessary to accommodate aircraft using the RNAV (GPS) standard instrument approach...

76 FR 41145 - Proposed Amendment of Class E Airspace; Glendive, MT

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-13

... procedures at the airport. The FAA is proposing this action to enhance the safety and management of aircraft... submitted in triplicate to the Docket Management System (see ADDRESSES section for address and phone number.... Controlled airspace is necessary to accommodate aircraft using the RNAV (GPS) standard instrument approach...

76 FR 14820 - Proposed Amendment of Class E Airspace; Waynesboro, VA

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-18

... Instrument Approach Procedures (SIAPs) developed for Eagle's Nest Airport. This action would enhance the safety and airspace management of Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) operations at the airport. DATES: 0901... submitted in triplicate to the Docket Management System (see ADDRESSES section for address and phone number...

76 FR 72838 - Amendment of Class E Airspace; Luray, VA

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-28

... Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) operations within the National Airspace System. This action also makes a minor adjustment to the geographic coordinates of the airport. DATES: Effective 0901 UTC, February 9, 2012. The... geographic coordinates of the airport needed to be adjusted. This action makes that adjustment. Class E...

76 FR 64236 - Establishment of Class E Airspace; New Market, VA

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-18

...) operations within the National Airspace System. This action also makes a minor adjustment to the geographic... received. Subsequent to publication, the FAA found that the geographic coordinates needed to be adjusted... management of IFR operations at the airport. This action also adjusts the geographic coordinates of the...

76 FR 67056 - Amendment of Class E Airspace; Jacksonville, NC

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-31

... management of Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) operations within the National Airspace System. This action also makes a minor adjustment to the geographic coordinates of the airport. DATES: Effective 0901 UTC..., the FAA found that the geographic coordinates for Albert J. Ellis Airport needed to be adjusted. This...

75 FR 50694 - Modification of Class E Airspace; Astoria, OR

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-17

... Astoria, OR, to accommodate aircraft using a new Area Navigation (RNAV) Global Positioning System (GPS... airport name from Port of Astoria Airport, and makes minor adjustments to the legal description of the... minor correction to the legal description for Class E airspace extending upward from 700 feet above the...

75 FR 30295 - Modification of Class E Airspace; West Yellowstone, MT

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-01

... Positioning System (GPS) Standard Instrument Approach Procedure (SIAP) at West Yellowstone Airport. This will... also includes minor adjustments in the legal description of the airspace. DATES: Effective date, 0901... executing new RNAV (GPS) SIAP's at the airport. This rule also makes minor changes to the legal description...

75 FR 39147 - Establishment of Class E Airspace; Bryce Canyon, UT

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-08

... E airspace at Bryce Canyon, UT, to accommodate aircraft using a new Area Navigation (RNAV) Global Positioning System (GPS) Standard Instrument Approach Procedures (SIAPs) at Bryce Canyon Airport. This will improve the safety and management of Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) operations at the airport. DATES...

76 FR 75448 - Establishment of Class D and E Airspace; Frederick, MD

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-02

... and E airspace at Frederick, MD, to accommodate new Area Navigation (RNAV) Global Positioning System... enhances the safety and management of Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) operations for SIAPs at the airport. DATES: Effective 0901 UTC, February 9, 2012. The Director of the Federal Register approves this...

75 FR 37294 - Modification of Class E Airspace; Kelso, WA

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-29

... airspace at Kelso, WA, to accommodate aircraft using a new Area Navigation (RNAV) Global Positioning System... improve the safety and management of Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) operations at the airport. DATES: Effective date, 0901 UTC, September 23, 2010. The Director of the Federal Register approves this...

An analytical approach to air defense: cost, effectiveness and SWOT analysis of employing fighter aircraft and modern SAM systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kus, Orcun; Kocaman, Ibrahim; Topcu, Yucel; Karaca, Volkan

2012-05-01

The problem of defending a specific airspace is among the main issues a military commander to solve. Proper protection of own airspace is crucial for mission success at the battlefield. The military doctrines of most world armed forces involve two main options of defending the airspace. One of them is utilizing formations of fighter aircraft, which is a flexible choice. The second option is deploying modern SAM (Surface to Air Missile) systems, which is more expansive. On the other hand the decision makers are to cope with miscellaneous restrictions such as the budgeting problems. This study defines air defense concept according to modern air warfare doctrine. It considers an air defense scenario over an arbitrary airspace and compares the performance and cost-effectiveness of employing fighter aircraft and SAM systems. It also presents SWOT (Strenghts - Weakness - Opportunities - Threats) analyses of air defense by fighter aircraft and by modern SAMs and tries to point out whichever option is better. We conclude that deploying SAMs has important advantages over using fighter aircraft by means of interception capacity within a given time period and is cost-effective.

Uncorrelated Encounter Model of the National Airspace System, Version 2.0

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-08-19

can exist to certify avoidance systems for operational use. Evaluations typically include flight tests, operational impact studies, and simulation of...appropriate for large-scale air traffic impact studies— for example, examination of sector loading or conflict rates. The focus here includes two types of...between two IFR aircraft in oceanic airspace. The reason for this is that one cannot observe encounters of sufficient fidelity in the available data

Design and Development of a Flight Route Modification, Logging, and Communication Network

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Merlino, Daniel K.; Wilson, C. Logan; Carboneau, Lindsey M.; Wilder, Andrew J.; Underwood, Matthew C.

2016-01-01

There is an overwhelming desire to create and enhance communication mechanisms between entities that operate within the National Airspace System. Furthermore, airlines are always extremely interested in increasing the efficiency of their flights. An innovative system prototype was developed and tested that improves collaborative decision making without modifying existing infrastructure or operational procedures within the current Air Traffic Management System. This system enables collaboration between flight crew and airline dispatchers to share and assess optimized flight routes through an Internet connection. Using a sophisticated medium-fidelity flight simulation environment, a rapid-prototyping development, and a unified modeling language, the software was designed to ensure reliability and scalability for future growth and applications. Ensuring safety and security were primary design goals, therefore the software does not interact or interfere with major flight control or safety systems. The system prototype demonstrated an unprecedented use of in-flight Internet to facilitate effective communication with Airline Operations Centers, which may contribute to increased flight efficiency for airlines.

76 FR 22011 - Amendment of Class E Airspace; Carizzo Springs, Glass Ranch Airport, TX

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-20

...-0877; Airspace Docket No. 10-ASW-13] Amendment of Class E Airspace; Carizzo Springs, Glass Ranch... amends Class E airspace for the Carizzo Springs, Glass Ranch Airport, TX, airspace area, to accommodate... rulemaking to amend Class E airspace for the Carizzo Springs, Glass Ranch Airport, TX, airspace area...

Line pilot perspectives on complexity of terminal instrument flight procedures

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-09-01

Many new Performance Based Navigation (PBN) Instrument Flight Procedures (IFPs) are being developed as the United States transforms its airspace to improve safety and efficiency. Despite significant efforts to prepare for operational implementation o...

77 FR 7525 - Revision of Class D and Class E Airspace; Hawthorne, CA

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-13

...-0610; Airspace Docket No. 11-AWP-10] Revision of Class D and Class E Airspace; Hawthorne, CA AGENCY... Part 71.1. The Class D airspace and Class E airspace designations listed in this document will be... CFR) Part 71 by revising Class D airspace and Class E surface airspace designated as an extension to...

75 FR 20323 - Proposed Amendment to and Establishment of Restricted Areas and Other Special Use Airspace...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-19

... Restricted Areas and Other Special Use Airspace; Razorback Range Airspace Complex, AR AGENCY: Federal... special use airspace in the Razorback Range Airspace Complex, AR. The airspace docket number in that NPRM...

Validating the Airspace Concept Evaluation System for Different Weather Days

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zelinski, Shannon; Meyn, Larry

2006-01-01

This paper extends the process for validating the Airspace Concept Evaluation System using real-world historical flight operational data. System inputs such as flight plans and airport en-route capacities, are generated and processed to create a realistic reproduction of a single day's operations within the National Airspace System. System outputs such as airport throughput, delays, and en-route sector loads are then compared to real world operational metrics and delay statistics for the reproduced day. The process is repeated for 4 historical days with high and low traffic volume and delay attributed to weather. These 4 days are simulated using default en-route capacities and variable en-route capacities used to emulate weather. The validation results show that default enroute capacity simulations are closer to real-world data for low weather days than high weather days. The use of reduced variable enroute capacities adds a large delay bias to ACES but delay trends between weather days are better represented.

Strategic planning for aircraft noise route impact analysis: A three dimensional approach

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bragdon, C. R.; Rowan, M. J.; Ahuja, K. K.

1993-01-01

The strategic routing of aircraft through navigable and controlled airspace to minimize adverse noise impact over sensitive areas is critical in the proper management and planning of the U.S. based airport system. A major objective of this phase of research is to identify, inventory, characterize, and analyze the various environmental, land planning, and regulatory data bases, along with potential three dimensional software and hardware systems that can be potentially applied for an impact assessment of any existing or planned air route. There are eight data bases that have to be assembled and developed in order to develop three dimensional aircraft route impact methodology. These data bases which cover geographical information systems, sound metrics, land use, airspace operational control measures, federal regulations and advisories, census data, and environmental attributes have been examined and aggregated. A three dimensional format is necessary for planning, analyzing space and possible noise impact, and formulating potential resolutions. The need to develop this three dimensional approach is essential due to the finite capacity of airspace for managing and planning a route system, including airport facilities. It appears that these data bases can be integrated effectively into a strategic aircraft noise routing system which should be developed as soon as possible, as part of a proactive plan applied to our FAA controlled navigable airspace for the United States.

Development of Virtual Airspace Simulation Technology - Real-Time (VAST-RT) Capability 2 and Experimental Plans

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lehmer, R.; Ingram, C.; Jovic, S.; Alderete, J.; Brown, D.; Carpenter, D.; LaForce, S.; Panda, R.; Walker, J.; Chaplin, P.;

Throughput analysis for the National Airspace System

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sureshkumar, Chandrasekar

The United States National Airspace System (NAS) network performance is currently measured using a variety of metrics based on delay. Developments in the fields of wireless communication, manufacturing and other modes of transportation like road, freight, etc. have explored various metrics that complement the delay metric. In this work, we develop a throughput concept for both the terminal and en-route phases of flight inspired by studies in the above areas and explore the applications of throughput metrics for the en-route airspace of the NAS. These metrics can be applied to the NAS performance at each hierarchical level—the sector, center, regional and national and will consist of multiple layers of networks with the bottom level comprising the traffic pattern modelled as a network of individual sectors acting as nodes. This hierarchical approach is especially suited for executive level decision making as it gives an overall picture of not just the inefficiencies but also the aspects where the NAS has performed well in a given situation from which specific information about the effects of a policy change on the NAS performance at each level can be determined. These metrics are further validated with real traffic data using the Future Air Traffic Management Concepts Evaluation Tool (FACET) for three en-route sectors and an Air Route Traffic Control Center (ARTCC). Further, this work proposes a framework to compute the minimum makespan and the capacity of a runway system in any configuration. Towards this, an algorithm for optimal arrival and departure flight sequencing is proposed. The proposed algorithm is based on a branch-and-bound technique and allows for the efficient computation of the best runway assignment and sequencing of arrival and departure operations that minimize the makespan at a given airport. The lower and upper bounds of the cost of each branch for the best first search in the branch-and-bound algorithm are computed based on the minimum separation standards between arrival and departure operations set by the Federal Aviation Administration. The optimal objective value is mathematically proved to lie between these bounds and the algorithm uses these bounds to efficiently find promising branches and discard all others and terminate with atleast one sequence with the minimal makespan. The proposed algorithm is analyzed and validated through real traffic operations data at the Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta international airport.

Data link communications in the National Airspace System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lee, Alfred T.

1989-01-01

In the near future, conventional radio communications, currently the primary medium for the transfer of information between aircraft and ground stations, will be replaced by digital data link. This paper briefly describes this technology and summarizes what are believed to be the principal human factor issues associated with data link implementation in the airspace system. Integration of data link communications with existing systems on the flight deck and in the Air Traffic Control system is discussed with regard for both near term implementation and longer term operational issues.

75 FR 65250 - Proposed Amendment of Class E Airspace and Revocation of Class E Airspace; Easton, MD

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-22

... rulemaking (NPRM). SUMMARY: This action proposes to modify Class E surface airspace and airspace 700 feet... modify Class E surface airspace and Class E airspace extending upward from 700 feet above the surface to... Class E airspace extending upward from 700 feet above the surface are published in Paragraph 6002, 6004...

78 FR 33015 - Proposed Amendment of Class D Airspace; Waco, TX, and Establishment of Class D Airspace; Waco...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-03

...-0136; Airspace Docket No. 13-ASW-4] Proposed Amendment of Class D Airspace; Waco, TX, and Establishment of Class D Airspace; Waco, TSTC-Waco Airport, TX AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT... Waco, TX, by separating the Class D airspace at Waco Regional Airport from the Class D airspace at TSTC...

78 FR 48290 - Amendment of Class D Airspace; Waco, TX, and Establishment of Class D Airspace; Waco, TSTC-Waco...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-08

...-0136; Airspace Docket No. 13-ASW-4] Amendment of Class D Airspace; Waco, TX, and Establishment of Class D Airspace; Waco, TSTC-Waco Airport, TX AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This action amends Class D airspace at Waco, TX, by separating the Class D airspace...

77 FR 40488 - Amendment of Class D and Class E Airspace; Lakehurst, NJ

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-10

...-0456; Airspace Docket No. 12-AEA-9] Amendment of Class D and Class E Airspace; Lakehurst, NJ AGENCY... changes the name of the airport associated with the Class D and Class E airspace at Lakehurst, NJ. The... associated with the Class D airspace and Class E airspace designated as an extension to a Class D airspace...

23 CFR 710.405 - Air rights on the Interstate.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... airspace contemplated by a STD must assure that such occupancy, use, or reservation is in the public... 140, subparts E and H. (iv) Bikeways and pedestrian walkways as covered in 23 CFR part 652. (b) A STD may grant rights for temporary or permanent occupancy or use of Interstate system airspace if the STD...

23 CFR 710.405 - Air rights on the Interstate.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... airspace contemplated by a STD must assure that such occupancy, use, or reservation is in the public... 140, subparts E and H. (iv) Bikeways and pedestrian walkways as covered in 23 CFR part 652. (b) A STD may grant rights for temporary or permanent occupancy or use of Interstate system airspace if the STD...

23 CFR 710.405 - Air rights on the Interstate.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... airspace contemplated by a STD must assure that such occupancy, use, or reservation is in the public... 140, subparts E and H. (iv) Bikeways and pedestrian walkways as covered in 23 CFR part 652. (b) A STD may grant rights for temporary or permanent occupancy or use of Interstate system airspace if the STD...

Unmanned Aerial Systems Traffic Management (UTM): Safely Enabling UAS Operations in Low-Altitude Airspace

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jung, Jaewoo; Kopardekar, Parimal H.

2016-01-01

Flexibility where possible, and structure where necessary. Consider the needs of national security, safe airspace operations, economic opportunities, and emerging technologies. Risk-based approach based on population density, assets on the ground, density of operations, etc. Digital, virtual, dynamic, and as needed UTM services to manage operations.

Unmanned Aerial Systems Traffic Management (UTM): Safely Enabling UAS Operations in Low-Altitude Airspace

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kopardekar, Parimal H.; Cavolowsky, John

2015-01-01

Flexibility where possible, and structure where necessary. Consider the needs of national security, safe airspace operations, economic opportunities, and emerging technologies. Risk-based approach based on population density, assets on the ground, density of operations, etc. Digital, virtual, dynamic, and as needed UTM services to manage operations.

76 FR 52291 - Proposed Amendment of Class E Airspace; Jacksonville, NC

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-22

... action proposes to amend Class E Airspace at Jacksonville, NC, as new Standard Instrument Approach... management of Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) operations at the airport. DATES: Comments must be received on or... triplicate to the Docket Management System (see ADDRESSES section for address and phone number). You may also...

75 FR 33556 - Proposed Amendment of Class E Airspace; Port Angeles, WA

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-14

... action proposes to amend Class E airspace at William R. Fairchild International Airport, Port Angeles, WA... proposing this action for the safety and management of Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) operations at the... triplicate to the Docket Management System (see ``ADDRESSES'' section for address and phone number). You may...

76 FR 35369 - Proposed Establishment of Class D and Amendment of Class E Airspace; Los Angeles, CA

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-17

... Angeles International Airport. The FAA is proposing this action to enhance the safety and management of... rulemaking (NPRM). SUMMARY: This action proposes to establish Class D airspace at Los Angeles International... be submitted in triplicate to the Docket Management System (see ADDRESSES section for address and...

FACET: Future ATM Concepts Evaluation Tool

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bilmoria, Karl D.; Banavar, Sridhar; Chatterji, Gano B.; Sheth, Kapil S.; Grabbe, Shon

2000-01-01

FACET (Future ATM Concepts Evaluation Tool) is an Air Traffic Management research tool being developed at the NASA Ames Research Center. This paper describes the design, architecture and functionalities of FACET. The purpose of FACET is to provide E simulation environment for exploration, development and evaluation of advanced ATM concepts. Examples of these concepts include new ATM paradigms such as Distributed Air-Ground Traffic Management, airspace redesign and new Decision Support Tools (DSTs) for controllers working within the operational procedures of the existing air traffic control system. FACET is currently capable of modeling system-wide en route airspace operations over the contiguous United States. Airspace models (e.g., Center/sector boundaries, airways, locations of navigation aids and airports) are available from databases. A core capability of FACET is the modeling of aircraft trajectories. Using round-earth kinematic equations, aircraft can be flown along flight plan routes or great circle routes as they climb, cruise and descend according to their individual aircraft-type performance models. Performance parameters (e.g., climb/descent rates and speeds, cruise speeds) are obtained from data table lookups. Heading, airspeed and altitude-rate dynamics are also modeled. Additional functionalities will be added as necessary for specific applications. FACET software is written in Java and C programming languages. It is platform-independent, and can be run on a variety of computers. FACET has been designed with a modular software architecture to enable rapid integration of research prototype implementations of new ATM concepts. There are several advanced ATM concepts that are currently being implemented in FACET airborne separation assurance, dynamic density predictions, airspace redesign (re-sectorization), benefits of a controller DST for direct-routing, and the integration of commercial space transportation system operations into the U.S. National Airspace System (NAS).

Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS): Addressing the Regulatory Issues for National Airspace System (NAS) Integration

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-04-01

terms of IFR operations or passenger enplanements. The configuration of each Class B airspace area is individually tailored and consists of a surface...are serviced by a radar approach control, and that have a certain number of IFR operations or passenger enplanements. Although the configuration of...ft MSL Figure 3 depicts DoD UASs operating in their respective NAS classifications: Global Hawk Predator B Transponder See & Avoid DME IFR

Application of Multiple Categories of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (uas) in Different Airspaces for Bushfire Monitoring and Response

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Homainejad, N.; Rizos, C.

2015-08-01

Demand and interest in Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) for civilian applications, and advances in technology such as development of sense-and-avoid systems, will soon allow UAS to be flown alongside manned aircrafts in non-segregated airspace. An area that can benefit from the application of UAS is the bushfire services sector. Currently such services rely on watchtowers, fixed-wing manned aircrafts and satellite data for reliable information. UAS are a promising alternative to traditional methods of collecting bushfire data. There are several varieties of UAS and each category has certain limitations, hence a combination of multiple UAS with features appropriate for bushfire emergencies can be used simultaneously for collecting valuable data. This paper will describe the general UAS categories, some characteristics of Australian bushfires, and speculate on how a combination of several UAS operating in different airspaces can be of benefit for bushfire response personnel and firefighters.

A Simulation Testbed for Airborne Merging and Spacing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Santos, Michel; Manikonda, Vikram; Feinberg, Art; Lohr, Gary

2008-01-01

The key innovation in this effort is the development of a simulation testbed for airborne merging and spacing (AM&S). We focus on concepts related to airports with Super Dense Operations where new airport runway configurations (e.g. parallel runways), sequencing, merging, and spacing are some of the concepts considered. We focus on modeling and simulating a complementary airborne and ground system for AM&S to increase efficiency and capacity of these high density terminal areas. From a ground systems perspective, a scheduling decision support tool generates arrival sequences and spacing requirements that are fed to the AM&S system operating on the flight deck. We enhanced NASA's Airspace Concept Evaluation Systems (ACES) software to model and simulate AM&S concepts and algorithms.

A Cooperative Human-Adaptive Traffic Simulation (CHATS)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Phillips, Charles T.; Ballin, Mark G.

1999-01-01

NASA is considering the development of a Cooperative Human-Adaptive Traffic Simulation (CHATS), to examine and evaluate performance of the National Airspace System (NAS) as the aviation community moves toward free flight. CHATS will be specifically oriented toward simulating strategic decision-making by airspace users and by the service provider s traffic management personnel, within the context of different airspace and rules assumptions. It will use human teams to represent these interests and make decisions, and will rely on computer modeling and simulation to calculate the impacts of these decisions. The simulation objectives will be to examine: 1. evolution of airspace users and the service provider s strategies, through adaptation to new operational environments; 2. air carriers competitive and cooperative behavior; 3. expected benefits to airspace users and the service provider as compared to the current NAS; 4. operational limitations of free flight concepts due to congestion and safety concerns. This paper describes an operational concept for CHATS, and presents a high-level functional design which would utilize a combination of existing and new models and simulation capabilities.

76 FR 40598 - Establishment of Class E Airspace; Campbellton, TX

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-11

...-1053; Airspace Docket No. 10-ASW-15] Establishment of Class E Airspace; Campbellton, TX AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This action establishes Class E airspace... proposed rulemaking to establish Class E airspace for Campbellton, TX, creating controlled airspace at 74...

76 FR 43822 - Establishment of Class E Airspace; Hearne, TX

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-22

...-0214; Airspace Docket No. 11-ASW-2] Establishment of Class E Airspace; Hearne, TX AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This action establishes Class E airspace... notice of proposed rulemaking to establish Class E airspace for Hearne, TX, creating controlled airspace...

78 FR 65554 - Establishment of Class E Airspace; Rome, OR

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-01

...-0533; Airspace Docket No. 13-ANM-19] Establishment of Class E Airspace; Rome, OR AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This action establishes Class E airspace... (NBAA) supporting the establishment of Class E en route airspace. Class E airspace designations are...

77 FR 56761 - Amendment of Class E Airspace; Kerrville, TX

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-14

...-1399; Airspace Docket No. 11-ASW-14] Amendment of Class E Airspace; Kerrville, TX AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This action amends Class E airspace at... Class E airspace for the Kerrville, TX, area, creating additional controlled airspace at Kerrville...

Efficient Planning of Wind-Optimal Routes in North Atlantic Oceanic Airspace

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rodionova, Olga; Sridhar, Banavar

2017-01-01

The North Atlantic oceanic airspace (NAT) is crossed daily by more than a thousand flights, which are greatly affected by strong jet stream air currents. Several studies devoted to generating wind-optimal (WO) aircraft trajectories in the NAT demonstrated great efficiency of such an approach for individual flights. However, because of the large separation norms imposed in the NAT, previously proposed WO trajectories induce a large number of potential conflicts. Much work has been done on strategic conflict detection and resolution (CDR) in the NAT. The work presented here extends previous methods and attempts to take advantage of the NAT traffic structure to simplify the problem and improve the results of CDR. Four approaches are studied in this work: 1) subdividing the existing CDR problem into sub-problems of smaller sizes, which are easier to handle; 2) more efficient data reorganization within the considered time period; 3) problem localization, i.e. concentrating the resolution effort in the most conflicted regions; 4) applying CDR to the pre-tactical decision horizon (a couple of hours in advance). Obtained results show that these methods efficiently resolve potential conflicts at the strategic and pre-tactical levels by keeping the resulting trajectories close to the initial WO ones.

Optimal Control of Hybrid Systems in Air Traffic Applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kamgarpour, Maryam

Growing concerns over the scalability of air traffic operations, air transportation fuel emissions and prices, as well as the advent of communication and sensing technologies motivate improvements to the air traffic management system. To address such improvements, in this thesis a hybrid dynamical model as an abstraction of the air traffic system is considered. Wind and hazardous weather impacts are included using a stochastic model. This thesis focuses on the design of algorithms for verification and control of hybrid and stochastic dynamical systems and the application of these algorithms to air traffic management problems. In the deterministic setting, a numerically efficient algorithm for optimal control of hybrid systems is proposed based on extensions of classical optimal control techniques. This algorithm is applied to optimize the trajectory of an Airbus 320 aircraft in the presence of wind and storms. In the stochastic setting, the verification problem of reaching a target set while avoiding obstacles (reach-avoid) is formulated as a two-player game to account for external agents' influence on system dynamics. The solution approach is applied to air traffic conflict prediction in the presence of stochastic wind. Due to the uncertainty in forecasts of the hazardous weather, and hence the unsafe regions of airspace for aircraft flight, the reach-avoid framework is extended to account for stochastic target and safe sets. This methodology is used to maximize the probability of the safety of aircraft paths through hazardous weather. Finally, the problem of modeling and optimization of arrival air traffic and runway configuration in dense airspace subject to stochastic weather data is addressed. This problem is formulated as a hybrid optimal control problem and is solved with a hierarchical approach that decouples safety and performance. As illustrated with this problem, the large scale of air traffic operations motivates future work on the efficient implementation of the proposed algorithms.

75 FR 31677 - Amendment of Class E Airspace; Corpus Christi, TX

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-04

...-0089; Airspace Docket No. 10-ASW-1] Amendment of Class E Airspace; Corpus Christi, TX AGENCY: Federal... the Corpus Christi, TX area. Additional controlled airspace is necessary to accommodate new Standard... E airspace for the Corpus Christi, TX area, reconfiguring controlled airspace at Aransas County...

76 FR 43610 - Proposed Amendment of Class E Airspace; Spearfish, SD

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-21

...-0431; Airspace Docket No. 11-AGL-11] Proposed Amendment of Class E Airspace; Spearfish, SD AGENCY... action proposes to amend Class E airspace at Spearfish, SD. Additional controlled airspace is necessary... instrument approach procedures at Black Hills Airport-Clyde Ice Field, Spearfish, SD. Controlled airspace is...

77 FR 29920 - Proposed Amendment of Class E Airspace; Lemmon, SD

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-21

...-0391; Airspace Docket No. 12-AGL-2] Proposed Amendment of Class E Airspace; Lemmon, SD AGENCY: Federal... proposes to amend Class E airspace at Lemmon, SD. Additional controlled airspace is necessary to... Municipal Airport, Lemmon, SD. Controlled airspace is needed for the safety and management of IFR operations...

76 FR 43612 - Proposed Amendment of Class E Airspace; Sturgis, SD

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-21

...-0430; Airspace Docket No. 11-AGL-10] Proposed Amendment of Class E Airspace; Sturgis, SD AGENCY... action proposes to amend Class E airspace at Sturgis, SD. Additional controlled airspace is necessary to... instrument approach procedures at Sturgis Municipal Airport, Sturgis, SD. Controlled airspace is needed for...

78 FR 65208 - Modification of Class D and E Airspace; Kenai, AK

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-31

...-1174; Airspace Docket No. 12-AAL-12] Modification of Class D and E Airspace; Kenai, AK AGENCY: Federal... airspace at Kenai Municipal Airport, Kenai, AK. Controlled airspace is necessary to accommodate aircraft... (NPRM) to modify controlled airspace at Kenai Municipal Airport, Kenai, AK (78 FR 34609). Interested...

76 FR 40597 - Amendment of Class E Airspace; Madison, SD

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-11

...-0135; Airspace Docket No. 11-AGL-4] Amendment of Class E Airspace; Madison, SD AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This action amends Class E airspace for Madison, SD, to... rulemaking to amend Class E airspace for Madison, SD, creating controlled airspace at Madison Municipal...

77 FR 46284 - Amendment of Class E Airspace; Lemmon, SD

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-03

...-0391; Airspace Docket No. 12-AGL-2] Amendment of Class E Airspace; Lemmon, SD AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This action amends Class E airspace at Lemmon, SD... rulemaking (NPRM) to amend Class E airspace for the Lemmon, SD, area, creating additional controlled airspace...

75 FR 68415 - Amendment of Class E Airspace; Kennett, MO

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-08

...; Airspace Docket No. 10-ACE-8] Amendment of Class E Airspace; Kennett, MO AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This action amends Class E airspace for Kennett, MO... rulemaking to amend Class E airspace for Kennett, MO, reconfiguring controlled airspace at Kennett Memorial...

76 FR 44254 - Amendment of Class D Airspace; Denton, TX

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-25

...-1327; Airspace Docket No. 10-ASW-19] Amendment of Class D Airspace; Denton, TX AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This action amends Class D airspace for Denton, TX, to... rulemaking to amend Class D airspace for Denton, TX, creating additional controlled airspace at Denton...

75 FR 18047 - Amendment of Class D Airspace; Hollywood, FL

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-09

...; Airspace Docket No. 10-ASO-17] Amendment of Class D Airspace; Hollywood, FL AGENCY: Federal Aviation... rule published in the Federal Register on July 23, 1997, amending Class D airspace at North Perry... airspace area exclusion as Class D airspace area. This action corrects that error. The FAAs National...

En route Spacing Tool: Efficient Conflict-free Spacing to Flow-Restricted Airspace

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Green, S.

1999-01-01

This paper describes the Air Traffic Management (ATM) problem within the U.S. of flow-restricted en route airspace, an assessment of its impact on airspace users, and a set of near-term tools and procedures to resolve the problem. The FAA is committed, over the next few years, to deploy the first generation of modem ATM decision support tool (DST) technology under the Free-Flight Phase-1 (FFp1) program. The associated en route tools include the User Request Evaluation Tool (URET) and the Traffic Management Advisor (TMA). URET is an initial conflict probe (ICP) capability that assists controllers with the detection and resolution of conflicts in en route airspace. TMA orchestrates arrivals transitioning into high-density terminal airspace by providing controllers with scheduled times of arrival (STA) and delay feedback advisories to assist with STA conformance. However, these FFPl capabilities do not mitigate the en route Miles-In-Trail (MIT) restrictions that are dynamically applied to mitigate airspace congestion. National statistics indicate that en route facilities (Centers) apply Miles-In-Trail (MIT) restrictions for approximately 5000 hours per month. Based on results from this study, an estimated 45,000 flights are impacted by these restrictions each month. Current-day practices for implementing these restrictions result in additional controller workload and an economic impact of which the fuel penalty alone may approach several hundred dollars per flight. To mitigate much of the impact of these restrictions on users and controller workload, a DST and procedures are presented. The DST is based on a simple derivative of FFP1 technology that is designed to introduce a set of simple tools for flow-rate (spacing) conformance and integrate them with conflict-probe capabilities. The tool and associated algorithms are described based on a concept prototype implemented within the CTAS baseline in 1995. A traffic scenario is used to illustrate the controller's use of the tool, and potential display options are presented for future controller evaluation.

Capacity Takes Flight: A Vehicle-Centered Approach to Sustainable Airspace Productivity

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wing, David J.; Ballin, Mark G.; Barmore, Bryan E.

2005-01-01

The National Airspace System (NAS) faces a significant challenge. With the nation's economy growing stronger, and passengers returning to the skies, the demand for air transportation is steadily rising once again. The capacity of the current airspace system will struggle to keep pace in the near term, and with demand expected to double within a decade, air traffic delays are likely to escalate, soon becoming intolerable for aviation businesses. Recognition in the aviation community is forming that retaining a growing, thriving air transportation system for the benefit of the traveling public and the world economy will likely require implementing transformational ideas in air traffic management. This video illustrates an approach NASA is pursuing to this end: the notion that a major untapped resource available to air traffic management can be leveraged, the aircraft itself. The thesis presented is that implementation of vehicle-centric air traffic management capabilities into the NAS could have a profound, positive, and sustainable impact on system capacity, individual aircraft operators, and the economy through its dependency on air.

75 FR 13453 - Proposed Amendment of Class E Airspace; Corpus Christi, TX

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-22

...-0089; Airspace Docket No. 10-ASW-1] Proposed Amendment of Class E Airspace; Corpus Christi, TX AGENCY... action proposes to amend Class E airspace in the Corpus Christi, TX area. Additional controlled airspace... adding additional Class E airspace extending upward from 700 feet above the surface in the Corpus Christi...

78 FR 54413 - Proposed Establishment of Class E Airspace; Star, NC

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-04

...-0440; Airspace Docket No. 13-ASO-10] Proposed Establishment of Class E Airspace; Star, NC AGENCY... action proposes to establish Class E Airspace at Star, NC, to accommodate a new Area Navigation (RNAV... establish Class E airspace at Star, NC, providing the controlled airspace required to support the new RNAV...

78 FR 48299 - Establishment of Class D Airspace; Bryant AAF, Anchorage, AK

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-08

...-0433; Airspace Docket No. 12-AAL-5] Establishment of Class D Airspace; Bryant AAF, Anchorage, AK AGENCY... airspace at Bryant Army Airfield (AAF), Anchorage AK. This action provides controlled airspace to improve... proposed rulemaking (NPRM) to establish Class D airspace at Bryant AAF, Anchorage AK (77 FR 50646...

76 FR 5302 - Proposed Amendment of Class E Airspace; Terre Haute, IN

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-31

...-1034; Airspace Docket No. 10-AGL-22] Proposed Amendment of Class E Airspace; Terre Haute, IN AGENCY... action proposes to amend Class E airspace at Terre Haute, IN. Controlled airspace is necessary to... (POINT-IN-SPACE) SIAP at Union Hospital Heliport, Terre Haute, IN. Controlled airspace is needed for the...

76 FR 9219 - Amendment of Class E Airspace; Muncie, IN

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-02-17

...-1032; Airspace Docket No. 10-AGL-20] Amendment of Class E Airspace; Muncie, IN AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This action amends Class E airspace at Muncie, IN, to... proposed rulemaking to amend Class E airspace for Muncie, IN, creating controlled airspace at Ball Memorial...

75 FR 62460 - Revocation and Establishment of Class E Airspace; Northeast Alaska, AK

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-12

...-0445; Airspace Docket No. 10-AAL-13] Revocation and Establishment of Class E Airspace; Northeast Alaska... removes redundant Class E airspace in Northeast Alaska and establishes Class E airspace near Eagle, Alaska... proposed rulemaking in the Federal Register to remove some Class E airspace in Northeast Alaska and...

Wake Vortex Research in the USA (WakeNet-USA)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lang, Steve; Bryant, Wayne

2006-01-01

This viewgraph presentation reviews the cooperative work that FAA and NASA are engaged in to safely increase the capacity of the National Airspace System by studying the wake vortex operations. Wake vortex avoidance is a limiting factor in defining separation standards in the airport terminal area and could become a reducing separation standards in en route airspace.

75 FR 32317 - Proposed Revocation of Colored Federal Airway G-4; AK

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-08

...-0453; Airspace Docket No. 10-AAL-14] Proposed Revocation of Colored Federal Airway G-4; AK AGENCY... action proposes to remove Colored Federal Airway Green 4 (G-4) from the National Airspace System (NAS) in...) part 71 by removing Colored Federal airway G-4 associated with the planned BTS NDB decommissioning near...

77 FR 30884 - Amendment of Restricted Area R-2502E; Fort Irwin, CA

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-24

...-0461; Airspace Docket No. 12-AWP-1] RIN 2120-AA66 Amendment of Restricted Area R-2502E; Fort Irwin, CA... designated controlling agency for restricted area R-2502E, Fort Irwin, CA, from the Federal Aviation... Airspace System, the FAA is changing the assigned controlling agency for restricted area R-2502E, Fort...

78 FR 5153 - Proposed Amendment of Class E Airspace; Reno, NV

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-24

... Compass Locator at the Instrument Landing System Middle Marker (LMM) and the Middle Marker (MM) has made... necessary due to the decommissioning of the LMM and the MM navigation aids. The Airport Reference Point (ARP) would be used to describe the airspace instead of the LMM and the MM navigational aids. There would be...

A Vision and Roadmap for Increasing User Autonomy in Flight Operations in the National Airspace

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cotton, William B.; Hilb, Robert; Koczo, Stefan; Wing, David

2016-01-01

The purpose of Air Transportation is to move people and cargo safely, efficiently and swiftly to their destinations. The companies and individuals who use aircraft for this purpose, the airspace users, desire to operate their aircraft according to a dynamically optimized business trajectory for their specific mission and operational business model. In current operations, the dynamic optimization of business trajectories is limited by constraints built into operations in the National Airspace System (NAS) for reasons of safety and operational needs of the air navigation service providers. NASA has been developing and testing means to overcome many of these constraints and permit operations to be conducted closer to the airspace user's changing business trajectory as conditions unfold before and during the flight. A roadmap of logical steps progressing toward increased user autonomy is proposed, beginning with NASA's Traffic Aware Strategic Aircrew Requests (TASAR) concept that enables flight crews to make informed, deconflicted flight-optimization requests to air traffic control. These steps include the use of data communications for route change requests and approvals, integration with time-based arrival flow management processes under development by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), increased user authority for defining and modifying downstream, strategic portions of the trajectory, and ultimately application of self-separation. This progression takes advantage of existing FAA NextGen programs and RTCA standards development, and it is designed to minimize the number of hardware upgrades required of airspace users to take advantage of these advanced capabilities to achieve dynamically optimized business trajectories in NAS operations. The roadmap is designed to provide operational benefits to first adopters so that investment decisions do not depend upon a large segment of the user community becoming equipped before benefits can be realized. The issues of equipment certification and operational approval of new procedures are addressed in a way that minimizes their impact on the transition by deferring a change in the assignment of separation responsibility until a large body of operational data is available to support the safety case for this change in the last roadmap step.This paper will relate the roadmap steps to ongoing activities to clarify the economics-based transition to these technologies for operational use.

Prototype Tool and Focus Group Evaluation for an Advanced Trajectory-Based Operations Concept

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Guerreiro, Nelson M.; Jones, Denise R.; Barmore, Bryan E.; Butler, Ricky W.; Hagen, George E.; Maddalon, Jeffrey M.; Ahmad, Nash'at N.

2017-01-01

Trajectory-based operations (TBO) is a key concept in the Next Generation Air Transportation System transformation of the National Airspace System (NAS) that will increase the predictability and stability of traffic flows, support a common operational picture through the use of digital data sharing, facilitate more effective collaborative decision making between airspace users and air navigation service providers, and enable increased levels of integrated automation across the NAS. NASA has been developing trajectory-based systems to improve the efficiency of the NAS during specific phases of flight and is now also exploring Advanced 4-Dimensional Trajectory (4DT) operational concepts that will integrate these technologies and incorporate new technology where needed to create both automation and procedures to support gate-to-gate TBO. A TBO Prototype simulation toolkit has been developed that demonstrates initial functionality of an Advanced 4DT TBO concept. Pilot and controller subject matter experts (SMEs) were brought to the Air Traffic Operations Laboratory at NASA Langley Research Center for discussions on an Advanced 4DT operational concept and were provided an interactive demonstration of the TBO Prototype using four example scenarios. The SMEs provided feedback on potential operational, technological, and procedural opportunities and concerns. This paper describes an Advanced 4DT operational concept, the TBO Prototype, the demonstration scenarios and methods used, and the feedback obtained from the pilot and controller SMEs in this focus group activity.

75 FR 57848 - Revocation of Class E Airspace, Brunswick, ME; and Establishment of Class E Airspace, Wiscasset, ME

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-23

...-0248; Airspace Docket No. 10-ANE-10] Revocation of Class E Airspace, Brunswick, ME; and Establishment of Class E Airspace, Wiscasset, ME AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This action removes Class E Airspace at Brunswick NAS, Brunswick, ME, as the airport has...

75 FR 17851 - Amendment of Class E Airspace; Dallas-Fort Worth, TX

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-08

...-0926; Airspace Docket No. 09-ASW-26] Amendment of Class E Airspace; Dallas-Fort Worth, TX AGENCY... airspace in the Dallas-Fort Worth, TX area. Additional controlled airspace is necessary to accommodate new... proposed rulemaking to amend Class E airspace for the Dallas- Fort Worth, TX area (74 FR 57617) Docket No...

75 FR 62461 - Revocation and Establishment of Class E Airspace; St. George, UT

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-12

...-0660; Airspace Docket No. 10-ANM-4] Revocation and Establishment of Class E Airspace; St. George, UT... Class E airspace at St. George, UT, as the airport will be closing, eliminating the need for controlled airspace. This action will establish Class E airspace for the new St. George Municipal Airport located to...

14 CFR 71.51 - Class C airspace.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... DESIGNATION OF CLASS A, B, C, D, AND E AIRSPACE AREAS; AIR TRAFFIC SERVICE ROUTES; AND REPORTING POINTS Class C Airspace § 71.51 Class C airspace. The Class C airspace areas listed in subpart C of FAA Order... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Class C airspace. 71.51 Section 71.51...

14 CFR 71.51 - Class C airspace.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... DESIGNATION OF CLASS A, B, C, D, AND E AIRSPACE AREAS; AIR TRAFFIC SERVICE ROUTES; AND REPORTING POINTS Class C Airspace § 71.51 Class C airspace. The Class C airspace areas listed in subpart C of FAA Order... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Class C airspace. 71.51 Section 71.51...

77 FR 64889 - Amendment of Class D and Class E Airspace; Hawthorne, CA

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-24

...-2012-1092; Airspace Docket No. 12-AWP-6] Amendment of Class D and Class E Airspace; Hawthorne, CA...: This action amends the airspace description for Class D and Class E airspace at Jack Northrop Field... the legal description of the existing Class D and E airspace at Jack Northrop Field/Hawthorne...

78 FR 52422 - Amendment of Class D and E Airspace; Wrightstown, NJ

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-23

...-0565; Airspace Docket No. 13-AEA-11] Amendment of Class D and E Airspace; Wrightstown, NJ AGENCY... amends Class D and E Airspace at Wrightstown, NJ, by updating the geographic coordinates and changing the... (14 CFR) part 71 amends Class D airspace and E airspace designated as an extension to a Class D...

76 FR 67103 - Proposed Revision of Class D and Class E Airspace; Hawthorne, CA

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-31

...-0610; Airspace Docket No. 11-AWP-10] Proposed Revision of Class D and Class E Airspace; Hawthorne, CA...: This action proposes to revise Class D and E airspace at Jack Northrop Field/Hawthorne Municipal... (14 CFR) Part 71 by revising Class D airspace and Class E airspace designated as an extension to Class...

Ecological Safety of the Internal Space of the Cattle-Breeding Facility (Cowshed)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Potseluev, A. A.; Nazarov, I. V.; Tolstoukhova, T. N.; Kostenko, M. V.

2018-01-01

The article emphasizes the importance of observing the ecology of the internal airspace. The factors affecting the state of the air in the internal space of the cattle-breeding facility (cowshed) are revealed. Technical and technological solutions providing for a reduction in the airspace contamination of the livestock facility are proposed. The results of investigations of a technological operation for treating skin integuments of cows with activated water are disclosed, as well as the constructive solution of a heat and power unit that ensures a change in the hydrogen index of the treated water. The justification of the efficiency of the proposed technical and technological solutions is given.

Formal Methods Applications in Air Transportation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Farley, Todd

2009-01-01

The U.S. air transportation system is the most productive in the world, moving far more people and goods than any other. It is also the safest system in the world, thanks in part to its venerable air traffic control system. But as demand for air travel continues to grow, the air traffic control system s aging infrastructure and labor-intensive procedures are impinging on its ability to keep pace with demand. And that impinges on the growth of our economy. Air traffic control modernization has long held the promise of a more efficient air transportation system. Part of NASA s current mission is to develop advanced automation and operational concepts that will expand the capacity of our national airspace system while still maintaining its excellent record for safety. It is a challenging mission, as efforts to modernize have, for decades, been hamstrung by the inability to assure safety to the satisfaction of system operators, system regulators, and/or the traveling public. In this talk, we ll provide a brief history of air traffic control, focusing on the tension between efficiency and safety assurance, and the promise of formal methods going forward.

Mapping a Path to Autonomous Flight in the National Airspace

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lodding, Kenneth N.

2011-01-01

The introduction of autonomous flight, whether military, commercial, or civilian, into the National Airspace System (NAS) will present significant challenges. Minimizing the impact and preventing the changes from becoming disruptive, rather than an enhancing technology will not be without difficulty. From obstacle detection and avoidance to real-time verification and validation of system behavior, there are significant problems which must be solved prior to the general acceptance of autonomous systems. This paper examines some of the key challenges and the multi-disciplinary collaboration which must occur for autonomous systems to be accepted as equal partners in the NAS.

Real Time Metrics and Analysis of Integrated Arrival, Departure, and Surface Operations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sharma, Shivanjli; Fergus, John

2017-01-01

To address the Integrated Arrival, Departure, and Surface (IADS) challenge, NASA is developing and demonstrating trajectory-based departure automation under a collaborative effort with the FAA and industry known Airspace Technology Demonstration 2 (ATD-2). ATD-2 builds upon and integrates previous NASA research capabilities that include the Spot and Runway Departure Advisor (SARDA), the Precision Departure Release Capability (PDRC), and the Terminal Sequencing and Spacing (TSAS) capability. As trajectory-based departure scheduling and collaborative decision making tools are introduced in order to reduce delays and uncertainties in taxi and climb operations across the National Airspace System, users of the tools across a number of roles benefit from a real time system that enables common situational awareness. A real time dashboard was developed to inform and present users notifications and integrated information regarding airport surface operations. The dashboard is a supplement to capabilities and tools that incorporate arrival, departure, and surface air-traffic operations concepts in a NextGen environment. In addition to shared situational awareness, the dashboard offers the ability to compute real time metrics and analysis to inform users about capacity, predictability, and efficiency of the system as a whole. This paper describes the architecture of the real time dashboard as well as an initial proposed set of metrics. The potential impact of the real time dashboard is studied at the site identified for initial deployment and demonstration in 2017: Charlotte-Douglas International Airport (CLT). The architecture of implementing such a tool as well as potential uses are presented for operations at CLT. Metrics computed in real time illustrate the opportunity to provide common situational awareness and inform users of system delay, throughput, taxi time, and airport capacity. In addition, common awareness of delays and the impact of takeoff and departure restrictions stemming from traffic flow management initiatives are explored. The potential of the real time tool to inform users of the predictability and efficiency of using a trajectory-based departure scheduling system is also discussed.

Flight tests with a data link used for air traffic control information exchange

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Knox, Charles E.; Scanlon, Charles H.

1991-01-01

Previous studies showed that air traffic control (ATC) message exchange with a data link offers the potential benefits of increased airspace system safety and efficiency. To accomplish these benefits, data link can be used to reduce communication errors and relieve overloaded ATC voice radio frequencies, which hamper efficient message exchange during peak traffic periods. Flight tests with commercial airline pilots as test subjects were conducted in the NASA Transport Systems Research Vehicle Boeing 737 airplane to contrast flight operations that used current voice communications with flight operations that used data link to transmit both strategic and tactical ATC clearances during a typical commercial airflight from takeoff to landing. The results of these tests that used data link as the primary communication source with ATC showed flight crew acceptance, a perceived reduction in crew work load, and a reduction in crew communication errors.

75 FR 51171 - Amendment of Class D and Class E Airspace; Kaneohe, HI

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-19

...; Airspace Docket No. 10-AWP-10] Amendment of Class D and Class E Airspace; Kaneohe, HI AGENCY: Federal... Class D and Class E airspace at Kaneohe Bay Marine Corps Air Station (MCAS), Kaneohe, HI. The FAA is... airspace and Class E airspace upward from 700 feet above the surface at Kaneohe Bay MCAS, Kaneohe Bay, HI...

78 FR 72006 - Establishment of Class D Airspace and Class E Airspace; Laguna AAF, AZ

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-02

... establishes Class D airspace and Class E airspace at Laguna Army Air Field (AAF), (Yuma Proving Ground), Yuma...) within a 3.5- mile radius of Laguna AAF (Yuma Proving Ground), Yuma, AZ; and Class E airspace extending... scope of that authority as it establishes controlled airspace at Laguna AAF, (Yuma Proving Ground), Yuma...

76 FR 38580 - Proposed Amendment of Class D Airspace; Eglin AFB, FL

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-01

...-0087; Airspace Docket No. 11-ASO-12] Proposed Amendment of Class D Airspace; Eglin AFB, FL AGENCY... action proposes to amend Class D Airspace in the Eglin Air Force Base (AFB), FL airspace area. The Destin... amendment to Title 14, Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) part 71 to amend Class D airspace in the Eglin...

UTM UAS Service Supplier Specification

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rios, Joseph Lucio

2017-01-01

Within the Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Traffic Management (UTM) system, the UAS Service Supplier (USS) is a key component. The USS serves several functions. At a high level, those include the following: Bridging communication between UAS Operators and Flight Information Management System (FIMS) Supporting planning of UAS operations Assisting strategic deconfliction of the UTM airspace Providing information support to UAS Operators during operations Helping UAS Operators meet their formal requirements This document provides the minimum set of requirements for a USS. In order to be recognized as a USS within UTM, successful demonstration of satisfying the requirements described herein will be a prerequisite. To ensure various desired qualities (security, fairness, availability, efficiency, maintainability, etc.), this specification relies on references to existing public specifications whenever possible.

A Coupled Probabilistic Wake Vortex and Aircraft Response Prediction Model

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gloudemans, Thijs; Van Lochem, Sander; Ras, Eelco; Malissa, Joel; Ahmad, Nashat N.; Lewis, Timothy A.

2016-01-01

Wake vortex spacing standards along with weather and runway occupancy time, restrict terminal area throughput and impose major constraints on the overall capacity and efficiency of the National Airspace System (NAS). For more than two decades, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has been conducting research on characterizing wake vortex behavior in order to develop fast-time wake transport and decay prediction models. It is expected that the models can be used in the systems level design of advanced air traffic management (ATM) concepts that safely increase the capacity of the NAS. It is also envisioned that at a later stage of maturity, these models could potentially be used operationally, in groundbased spacing and scheduling systems as well as on the flight deck.

14 CFR 77.5 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Applicability. 77.5 Section 77.5 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIRSPACE SAFE... of the proposed construction or alteration on safety in air commerce and the efficient use and...

14 CFR 77.5 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Applicability. 77.5 Section 77.5 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIRSPACE SAFE... of the proposed construction or alteration on safety in air commerce and the efficient use and...

14 CFR 77.5 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Applicability. 77.5 Section 77.5 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIRSPACE SAFE... of the proposed construction or alteration on safety in air commerce and the efficient use and...

ICAROUS - Integrated Configurable Algorithms for Reliable Operations Of Unmanned Systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Consiglio, María; Muñoz, César; Hagen, George; Narkawicz, Anthony; Balachandran, Swee

2016-01-01

NASA's Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) Traffic Management (UTM) project aims at enabling near-term, safe operations of small UAS vehicles in uncontrolled airspace, i.e., Class G airspace. A far-term goal of UTM research and development is to accommodate the expected rise in small UAS traffic density throughout the National Airspace System (NAS) at low altitudes for beyond visual line-of-sight operations. This paper describes a new capability referred to as ICAROUS (Integrated Configurable Algorithms for Reliable Operations of Unmanned Systems), which is being developed under the UTM project. ICAROUS is a software architecture comprised of highly assured algorithms for building safety-centric, autonomous, unmanned aircraft applications. Central to the development of the ICAROUS algorithms is the use of well-established formal methods to guarantee higher levels of safety assurance by monitoring and bounding the behavior of autonomous systems. The core autonomy-enabling capabilities in ICAROUS include constraint conformance monitoring and contingency control functions. ICAROUS also provides a highly configurable user interface that enables the modular integration of mission-specific software components.

ICAROUS: Integrated Configurable Architecture for Unmanned Systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Consiglio, Maria C.

2016-01-01

NASA's Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) Traffic Management (UTM) project aims at enabling near-term, safe operations of small UAS vehicles in uncontrolled airspace, i.e., Class G airspace. A far-term goal of UTM research and development is to accommodate the expected rise in small UAS traffic density throughout the National Airspace System (NAS) at low altitudes for beyond visual line-of-sight operations. This video describes a new capability referred to as ICAROUS (Integrated Configurable Algorithms for Reliable Operations of Unmanned Systems), which is being developed under the auspices of the UTM project. ICAROUS is a software architecture comprised of highly assured algorithms for building safety-centric, autonomous, unmanned aircraft applications. Central to the development of the ICAROUS algorithms is the use of well-established formal methods to guarantee higher levels of safety assurance by monitoring and bounding the behavior of autonomous systems. The core autonomy-enabling capabilities in ICAROUS include constraint conformance monitoring and autonomous detect and avoid functions. ICAROUS also provides a highly configurable user interface that enables the modular integration of mission-specific software components.

FAA (Federal Aviation Administration) Statistical Handbook of Aviation, Calendar Year 1983.

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-12-31

terminal and en route air traffic activity information (i.e., operations, flight plans filed) of the National Airspace System. The data is from the FAA...reflecting the fiscal and calendar year workload of the FAA air traffic facilities--terminal and en route-- are contained in Chapter II. This chapter...V, 4JW -v- A I.., r- >9 c U).)I .4 F- %. II. The National Airspace System This chapter furnishes terminal and en route air traffic activity

Nextgen Technologies for Mid-Term and Far-Term Air Traffic Control Operations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Prevot, Thomas

2009-01-01

This paper describes technologies for mid-term and far-term air traffic control operations in the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen). The technologies were developed and evaluated with human-in-the-loop simulations in the Airspace Operations Laboratory (AOL) at the NASA Ames Research Center. The simulations were funded by several research focus areas within NASA's Airspace Systems program and some were co-funded by the FAA's Air Traffic Organization for Planning, Research and Technology.

76 FR 40797 - Establishment of Class E Airspace; Lincoln City, OR

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-12

...This action establishes Class E airspace at Lincoln City, OR, to accommodate aircraft using a new Area Navigation (RNAV) Global Positioning System (GPS) standard instrument approach procedures at Samaritan North Lincoln Hospital Heliport. This action also corrects the name of the city were the Heliport is located. This improves the safety and management of Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) operations.

Automated Air Traffic Control Operations with Weather and Time-Constraints: A First Look at (Simulated) Far-Term Control Room Operations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Prevot, Thomas; Homola, Jeffrey R.; Martin, Lynne H.; Mercer, Joey S.; Cabrall, Christopher C.

2011-01-01

In this paper we discuss results from a recent high fidelity simulation of air traffic control operations with automated separation assurance in the presence of weather and time-constraints. We report findings from a human-in-the-loop study conducted in the Airspace Operations Laboratory (AOL) at the NASA Ames Research Center. During four afternoons in early 2010, fifteen active and recently retired air traffic controllers and supervisors controlled high levels of traffic in a highly automated environment during three-hour long scenarios, For each scenario, twelve air traffic controllers operated eight sector positions in two air traffic control areas and were supervised by three front line managers, Controllers worked one-hour shifts, were relieved by other controllers, took a 3D-minute break, and worked another one-hour shift. On average, twice today's traffic density was simulated with more than 2200 aircraft per traffic scenario. The scenarios were designed to create peaks and valleys in traffic density, growing and decaying convective weather areas, and expose controllers to heavy and light metering conditions. This design enabled an initial look at a broad spectrum of workload, challenge, boredom, and fatigue in an otherwise uncharted territory of future operations. In this paper we report human/system integration aspects, safety and efficiency results as well as airspace throughput, workload, and operational acceptability. We conclude that, with further refinements. air traffic control operations with ground-based automated separation assurance can be an effective and acceptable means to routinely provide very high traffic throughput in the en route airspace.

Identification of Communication and Coordination Issues in the US Air Traffic Control System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Davison, Hayley J.; Hansman, R. John

2001-01-01

Today's air traffic control system is approaching the point of saturation, as evidenced by increasing delays across the National Airspace System (NAS). There exists an opportunity to enhance NAS efficiency and reduce delays by improving strategic communication throughout the ATC system. Although several measures have been taken to improve communication (e.g., Collaborative Decision Making tools), communication issues between ATC facilities remain. It is hypothesized that by identifying the key issues plaguing inter-facility strategic communication, steps can be taken to enhance these communications, and therefore ATC system efficiency. In this report, a series of site visits were performed at Boston and New York ATC facilities as well as at the Air Traffic Control System Command Center. The results from these site visits were used to determine the current communication and coordination structure of Traffic Management Coordinators, who hold a pivotal role in inter-facility communications. Several themes emerged from the study, including: ambiguity of organizational structure in the current ATC system, awkward coordination between ATC facilities, information flow issues, organizational culture issues, and negotiation behaviors used to cope with organizational culture issues.

Initial Demonstration of the Real-Time Safety Monitoring Framework for the National Airspace System Using Flight Data

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Roychoudhury, Indranil; Daigle, Matthew; Goebel, Kai; Spirkovska, Lilly; Sankararaman, Shankar; Ossenfort, John; Kulkarni, Chetan; McDermott, William; Poll, Scott

2016-01-01

As new operational paradigms and additional aircraft are being introduced into the National Airspace System (NAS), maintaining safety in such a rapidly growing environment becomes more challenging. It is therefore desirable to have an automated framework to provide an overview of the current safety of the airspace at different levels of granularity, as well an understanding of how the state of the safety will evolve into the future given the anticipated flight plans, weather forecast, predicted health of assets in the airspace, and so on. Towards this end, as part of our earlier work, we formulated the Real-Time Safety Monitoring (RTSM) framework for monitoring and predicting the state of safety and to predict unsafe events. In our previous work, the RTSM framework was demonstrated in simulation on three different constructed scenarios. In this paper, we further develop the framework and demonstrate it on real flight data from multiple data sources. Specifically, the flight data is obtained through the Shadow Mode Assessment using Realistic Technologies for the National Airspace System (SMART-NAS) Testbed that serves as a central point of collection, integration, and access of information from these different data sources. By testing and evaluating using real-world scenarios, we may accelerate the acceptance of the RTSM framework towards deployment. In this paper we demonstrate the framework's capability to not only estimate the state of safety in the NAS, but predict the time and location of unsafe events such as a loss of separation between two aircraft, or an aircraft encountering convective weather. The experimental results highlight the capability of the approach, and the kind of information that can be provided to operators to improve their situational awareness in the context of safety.

Tactical Conflict Detection in Terminal Airspace

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tang, Huabin; Robinson, John E.; Denery, Dallas G.

2010-01-01

Air traffic systems have long relied on automated short-term conflict prediction algorithms to warn controllers of impending conflicts (losses of separation). The complexity of terminal airspace has proven difficult for such systems as it often leads to excessive false alerts. Thus, the legacy system, called Conflict Alert, which provides short-term alerts in both en-route and terminal airspace currently, is often inhibited or degraded in areas where frequent false alerts occur, even though the alerts are provided only when an aircraft is in dangerous proximity of other aircraft. This research investigates how a minimal level of flight intent information may be used to improve short-term conflict detection in terminal airspace such that it can be used by the controller to maintain legal aircraft separation. The flight intent information includes a site-specific nominal arrival route and inferred altitude clearances in addition to the flight plan that includes the RNAV (Area Navigation) departure route. A new tactical conflict detection algorithm is proposed, which uses a single analytic trajectory, determined by the flight intent and the current state information of the aircraft, and includes a complex set of current, dynamic separation standards for terminal airspace to define losses of separation. The new algorithm is compared with an algorithm that imitates a known en-route algorithm and another that imitates Conflict Alert by analysis of false-alert rate and alert lead time with recent real-world data of arrival and departure operations and a large set of operational error cases from Dallas/Fort Worth TRACON (Terminal Radar Approach Control). The new algorithm yielded a false-alert rate of two per hour and an average alert lead time of 38 seconds.

Arctic Atmospheric Measurements Using Manned and Unmanned Aircraft, Tethered Balloons, and Ground-Based Systems at U.S. DOE ARM Facilities on the North Slope Of Alaska

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ivey, M.; Dexheimer, D.; Roesler, E. L.; Hillman, B. R.; Hardesty, J. O.

2016-12-01

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) provides scientific infrastructure and data to the international Arctic research community via research sites located on the North Slope of Alaska and an open data archive maintained by the ARM program. In 2016, DOE continued investments in improvements to facilities and infrastructure at Oliktok Point Alaska to support operations of ground-based facilities and unmanned aerial systems for science missions in the Arctic. The Third ARM Mobile Facility, AMF3, now deployed at Oliktok Point, was further expanded in 2016. Tethered instrumented balloons were used at Oliktok to make measurements of clouds in the boundary layer including mixed-phase clouds and to compare measurements with those from the ground and from unmanned aircraft operating in the airspace above AMF3. The ARM facility at Oliktok Point includes Special Use Airspace. A Restricted Area, R-2204, is located at Oliktok Point. Roughly 4 miles in diameter, it facilitates operations of tethered balloons and unmanned aircraft. R-2204 and a new Warning Area north of Oliktok, W-220, are managed by Sandia National Laboratories for DOE Office of Science/BER. These Special Use Airspaces have been successfully used to launch and operate unmanned aircraft over the Arctic Ocean and in international airspace north of Oliktok Point.A steady progression towards routine operations of unmanned aircraft and tethered balloon systems continues at Oliktok. Small unmanned aircraft (DataHawks) and tethered balloons were successfully flown at Oliktok starting in June of 2016. This poster will discuss how principal investigators may apply for use of these Special Use Airspaces, acquire data from the Third ARM Mobile Facility, or bring their own instrumentation for deployment at Oliktok Point, Alaska.

Validating an Air Traffic Management Concept of Operation Using Statistical Modeling

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

He, Yuning; Davies, Misty Dawn

2013-01-01

Validating a concept of operation for a complex, safety-critical system (like the National Airspace System) is challenging because of the high dimensionality of the controllable parameters and the infinite number of states of the system. In this paper, we use statistical modeling techniques to explore the behavior of a conflict detection and resolution algorithm designed for the terminal airspace. These techniques predict the robustness of the system simulation to both nominal and off-nominal behaviors within the overall airspace. They also can be used to evaluate the output of the simulation against recorded airspace data. Additionally, the techniques carry with them a mathematical value of the worth of each prediction-a statistical uncertainty for any robustness estimate. Uncertainty Quantification (UQ) is the process of quantitative characterization and ultimately a reduction of uncertainties in complex systems. UQ is important for understanding the influence of uncertainties on the behavior of a system and therefore is valuable for design, analysis, and verification and validation. In this paper, we apply advanced statistical modeling methodologies and techniques on an advanced air traffic management system, namely the Terminal Tactical Separation Assured Flight Environment (T-TSAFE). We show initial results for a parameter analysis and safety boundary (envelope) detection in the high-dimensional parameter space. For our boundary analysis, we developed a new sequential approach based upon the design of computer experiments, allowing us to incorporate knowledge from domain experts into our modeling and to determine the most likely boundary shapes and its parameters. We carried out the analysis on system parameters and describe an initial approach that will allow us to include time-series inputs, such as the radar track data, into the analysis

77 FR 4459 - Amendment of Class E Airspace; Greenfield, IA

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-30

...-0846; Airspace Docket No. 11-ACE-18] Amendment of Class E Airspace; Greenfield, IA AGENCY: Federal... Greenfield, IA. Decommissioning of the Greenfield non-directional beacon (NDB) at Greenfield Municipal... rulemaking to amend Class E airspace for Greenfield, IA, reconfiguring controlled airspace at Greenfield...

The Generic Resolution Advisor and Conflict Evaluator (GRACE) for Unmanned Aircraft Detect-And-Avoid Systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Abramson, Michael; Refai, Mohamad; Santiago, Confesor

2017-01-01

The paper describes the Generic Resolution Advisor and Conflict Evaluator (GRACE), a novel alerting and guidance algorithm that combines flexibility, robustness, and computational efficiency. GRACE is generic since it was designed without any assumptions regarding temporal or spatial scales, aircraft performance, or its sensor and communication systems. Therefore, GRACE was adopted as a core component of the Java Architecture for Detect-And-Avoid (DAA) Extensibility and Modeling, developed by NASA as a research and modeling tool for Unmanned Aerial Systems Integration in the National Airspace System (NAS). GRACE has been used in a number of real-time and fast-time experiments supporting evolving requirements of DAA research, including parametric studies, NAS-wide simulations, human-in-the-loop experiments, and live flight tests.

Unmanned Aircraft Systems in the National Airspace System: A Formal Methods Perspective

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Munoz, Cesar A.; Dutle, Aaron; Narkawicz, Anthony; Upchurch, Jason

2016-01-01

As the technological and operational capabilities of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) have grown, so too have international efforts to integrate UAS into civil airspace. However, one of the major concerns that must be addressed in realizing this integration is that of safety. For example, UAS lack an on-board pilot to comply with the legal requirement that pilots see and avoid other aircraft. This requirement has motivated the development of a detect and avoid (DAA) capability for UAS that provides situational awareness and maneuver guidance to UAS operators to aid them in avoiding and remaining well clear of other aircraft in the airspace. The NASA Langley Research Center Formal Methods group has played a fundamental role in the development of this capability. This article gives a selected survey of the formal methods work conducted in support of the development of a DAA concept for UAS. This work includes specification of low-level and high-level functional requirements, formal verification of algorithms, and rigorous validation of software implementations.

77 FR 71362 - Proposed Amendment of Class E Airspace; Decorah, IA

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-30

...-1433; Airspace Docket No. 11-ACE-26] Proposed Amendment of Class E Airspace; Decorah, IA AGENCY... action proposes to amend Class E airspace at Decorah, IA. Decommissioning of the Decorah non-directional... instrument approach procedures at Decorah Municipal Airport, Decorah, IA. Airspace reconfiguration is...

78 FR 47237 - Proposed Amendment of Class E Airspace; Chariton, IA

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-05

...-0255; Airspace Docket No. 13-ACE-4] Proposed Amendment of Class E Airspace; Chariton, IA AGENCY... action proposes to amend Class E airspace at Chariton, IA. Decommissioning of the Chariton non... for standard instrument approach procedures at Chariton Municipal Airport, Chariton, IA. Airspace...

78 FR 48298 - Amendment of Class E Airspace; Commerce, TX

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-08

...-0269; Airspace Docket No. 13-ASW-3] Amendment of Class E Airspace; Commerce, TX AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This action amends Class E airspace at Commerce, TX. Additional controlled airspace is necessary to accommodate new Area Navigation (RNAV...

76 FR 78180 - Proposed Modification of Class E Airspace; Douglas, AZ

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-16

...-1313; Airspace Docket No. 11-AWP-17] Proposed Modification of Class E Airspace; Douglas, AZ AGENCY... action proposes to modify Class E airspace at Bisbee Douglas International Airport, Douglas, AZ... feet above the surface at Douglas, AZ. Additional controlled airspace is necessary to accommodate...

76 FR 21828 - Proposed Amendment of Class E Airspace; Mobridge, SD

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-19

...-0134; Airspace Docket No. 11-AGL-3] Proposed Amendment of Class E Airspace; Mobridge, SD AGENCY... action proposes to amend Class E airspace at Mobridge, SD. Additional controlled airspace is necessary to... accommodate new standard instrument approach procedures at Mobridge Municipal Airport, Mobridge, SD...

76 FR 67058 - Amendment of Class E Airspace; Sturgis, SD

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-31

...-0430; Airspace Docket No. 11-AGL-10] Amendment of Class E Airspace; Sturgis, SD AGENCY: Federal... Sturgis, SD, to accommodate new Area Navigation (RNAV) Standard Instrument Approach Procedures at Sturgis... proposed rulemaking to amend Class E airspace for Sturgis, SD, creating controlled airspace at Sturgis...

User Selection Criteria of Airspace Designs in Flexible Airspace Management

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lee, Hwasoo E.; Lee, Paul U.; Jung, Jaewoo; Lai, Chok Fung

2011-01-01

A method for identifying global aerodynamic models from flight data in an efficient manner is explained and demonstrated. A novel experiment design technique was used to obtain dynamic flight data over a range of flight conditions with a single flight maneuver. Multivariate polynomials and polynomial splines were used with orthogonalization techniques and statistical modeling metrics to synthesize global nonlinear aerodynamic models directly and completely from flight data alone. Simulation data and flight data from a subscale twin-engine jet transport aircraft were used to demonstrate the techniques. Results showed that global multivariate nonlinear aerodynamic dependencies could be accurately identified using flight data from a single maneuver. Flight-derived global aerodynamic model structures, model parameter estimates, and associated uncertainties were provided for all six nondimensional force and moment coefficients for the test aircraft. These models were combined with a propulsion model identified from engine ground test data to produce a high-fidelity nonlinear flight simulation very efficiently. Prediction testing using a multi-axis maneuver showed that the identified global model accurately predicted aircraft responses.

76 FR 3571 - Proposed Establishment of Class E Airspace; Kahului, HI

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-20

...-1233; Airspace Docket No. 10-AWP-21] Proposed Establishment of Class E Airspace; Kahului, HI AGENCY... action proposes to establish Class E airspace at Kahului Airport, Kahului, HI. Controlled airspace is... procedures at Kahului Airport, Kahului, HI. The FAA is proposing this action to enhance the safety and...

75 FR 63708 - Establishment of Class E Airspace; Kalaupapa, HI

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-18

...-0650; Airspace Docket No. 10-AWP-9] Establishment of Class E Airspace; Kalaupapa, HI AGENCY: Federal... airspace at Kalaupapa, HI, to accommodate aircraft using a new Area Navigation (RNAV) Global Positioning... Register a notice of proposed rulemaking to establish controlled airspace at Kalaupapa, HI (75 FR 49868...

76 FR 18041 - Establishment of Class E Airspace; Kahului, HI

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-01

...-1233; Airspace Docket No. 10-AWP-21] Establishment of Class E Airspace; Kahului, HI AGENCY: Federal... airspace at Kahului Airport, Kahului, HI, to accommodate aircraft using Area Navigation (RNAV) standard... establish controlled airspace at Kahului, HI (76 FR 3571). Interested parties were invited to participate in...

77 FR 66069 - Amendment of Class E Airspace; Perry, IA

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-01

...-1435; Airspace Docket No. 11-ACE-28] Amendment of Class E Airspace; Perry, IA AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This action amends Class E airspace at Perry, IA... proposed rulemaking (NPRM) to amend Class E airspace for the Perry, IA, area, creating additional...

76 FR 53360 - Proposed Establishment of Class E Airspace; Stuart, IA

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-26

...-0831; Airspace Docket No. 11-ACE-17] Proposed Establishment of Class E Airspace; Stuart, IA AGENCY... action proposes to establish Class E airspace at Stuart, IA. Controlled airspace is necessary to... surface for new standard instrument approach procedures at the City of Stuart Helistop, Stuart, IA...

77 FR 66067 - Amendment of Class E Airspace; Boone, IA

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-01

...-1432; Airspace Docket No. 11-ACE-25] Amendment of Class E Airspace; Boone, IA AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This action amends Class E airspace at Boone, IA... proposed rulemaking (NPRM) to amend Class E airspace for the Boone, IA, area, creating additional...

75 FR 43886 - Proposed Amendment of Class E Airspace; Corpus Christi, TX

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-27

...-0404; Airspace Docket No. 10-ASW-7] Proposed Amendment of Class E Airspace; Corpus Christi, TX AGENCY... action proposes to amend Class E airspace in the Corpus Christi, TX area. Additional controlled airspace is necessary to accommodate new Standard Instrument Approach Procedures (SIAPs) at Corpus Christi...

77 FR 45985 - Proposed Amendment of Class E Airspace; Lincoln, ME

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-02

...-0764; Airspace Docket No. 12-ANE-12] Proposed Amendment of Class E Airspace; Lincoln, ME AGENCY... action proposes to amend Class E Airspace at Lincoln, ME, as the Lincoln Non-Directional Radio Beacon..., Lincoln, ME. Airspace reconfiguration is necessary due to the decommissioning of the Lincoln NDB and...

76 FR 39259 - Establishment of Class E Airspace; Brunswick, ME

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-06

...-0116; Airspace Docket No. 11-ANE-1] Establishment of Class E Airspace; Brunswick, ME AGENCY: Federal... Class E airspace at Brunswick Executive Airport, Brunswick, ME. DATES: The effective date is moved from... Class E airspace at Brunswick Executive Airport, Brunswick, ME. This action will move up the effective...

76 FR 14824 - Proposed Establishment of Class E Airspace; Brunswick, ME

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-18

...-0116; Airspace Docket No. 11-ANE-1] Proposed Establishment of Class E Airspace; Brunswick, ME AGENCY... action proposes to establish Class E Airspace at Brunswick, ME, to accommodate new Standard Instrument... Brunswick, ME to provide airspace required to support the standard instrument approach procedures developed...

78 FR 73751 - Proposed Amendment of Class E Airspace; Philip, SD

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-09

...-0916; Airspace Docket No. 13-AGL-30] Proposed Amendment of Class E Airspace; Philip, SD AGENCY: Federal... proposes to amend Class E airspace at Philip, SD. Additional controlled airspace is necessary to... the surface to accommodate new standard instrument approach procedures at Philip Airport, Philip, SD...

78 FR 48302 - Establishment of Class E Airspace; Wagner, SD

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-08

...-0004; Airspace Docket No. 13-AGL-1] Establishment of Class E Airspace; Wagner, SD AGENCY: Federal... at Wagner, SD. Controlled airspace is necessary to accommodate new Area Navigation (RNAV) Standard... Federal Register a notice of proposed rulemaking (NPRM) to establish Class E airspace for the Wagner, SD...

75 FR 27494 - Proposed Amendment of Class E Airspace; Pauls Valley, OK

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-17

... 0182; Airspace Docket No. 10-ASW-4] Proposed Amendment of Class E Airspace; Pauls Valley, OK AGENCY... action proposes to amend Class E airspace at Pauls Valley, OK. Additional controlled airspace is necessary to accommodate new Standard Instrument Approach Procedures (SIAPs) at Pauls Valley Municipal...

75 FR 37291 - Amendment of Class E Airspace; Osceola, AR

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-29

...-1183; Airspace Docket No. 09-ASW-38] Amendment of Class E Airspace; Osceola, AR AGENCY: Federal... Osceola, AR. Decommissioning of the Osceola non-directional beacon (NDB) at Osceola Municipal Airport has... rulemaking to amend Class E airspace for Osceola, AR, reconfiguring controlled airspace at Osceola Municipal...

77 FR 16783 - Proposed Amendment of Class E Airspace; Orlando, FL

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-22

...-0503; Airspace Docket No. 11-ASO-19] Proposed Amendment of Class E Airspace; Orlando, FL AGENCY... action proposes to amend Class E Airspace at Orlando, FL, as new Standard Instrument Approach Procedures have been developed at Orlando Executive Airport. This action would enhance the safety and airspace...

78 FR 65238 - Proposed Establishment of Class E Airspace; Eagle, AK

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-31

...-0777; Airspace Docket No. 12-AAL-16] Proposed Establishment of Class E Airspace; Eagle, AK AGENCY... action proposes to establish Class E airspace at Eagle Airport, Eagle, AK. Controlled airspace is... management of aircraft operations at Eagle Airport, Eagle, AK. DATES: Comments must be received on or before...

78 FR 65237 - Proposed Establishment of Class E Airspace; Central, AK

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-31

...-0017; Airspace Docket No. 13-AAL-1] Proposed Establishment of Class E Airspace; Central, AK AGENCY... action proposes to establish Class E airspace at Central Airport, Central, AK. Controlled airspace is... of aircraft operations at Central Airport, Central, AK. DATES: Comments must be received on or before...

78 FR 65239 - Proposed Establishment of Class E Airspace; Brevig Mission, AK

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-31

...-0078; Airspace Docket No. 12-AAL-1] Proposed Establishment of Class E Airspace; Brevig Mission, AK...: This action proposes to establish Class E airspace at Brevig Mission Airport, Brevig Mission, AK... at Brevig Mission Airport, Brevig Mission, AK. Controlled airspace extending 2 miles north, 6 miles...

77 FR 9840 - Amendment of Class E Airspace; Colorado Springs, CO

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-21

...-1191; Airspace Docket No. 11-ANM-21] Amendment of Class E Airspace; Colorado Springs, CO AGENCY... airspace at City of Colorado Springs Municipal Airport, Colorado Springs, CO. Decommissioning of the Black... controlled airspace at Colorado Springs, CO (76 FR 70920). Interested parties were invited to participate in...

78 FR 74006 - Amendment of Class E Airspace; Green Bay, WI

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-10

...-0941; Airspace Docket No. 13-AGL-32] Amendment of Class E Airspace; Green Bay, WI AGENCY: Federal... Class E airspace within the Green Bay, WI, area by updating the geographic coordinates for Austin... coordinates, within Class E airspace, of Austin-Straubel International Airport, Green Bay, WI, to coincide...

75 FR 13667 - Amendment of Class E Airspace; Huntingburg, IN

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-23

...; Airspace Docket No. 09-AGL-21] Amendment of Class E Airspace; Huntingburg, IN AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This action amends Class E airspace at Huntingburg, IN... rulemaking to amend Class E airspace for Huntingburg Airport, Huntingburg, IN (74 FR 66592) Docket No. FAA...

75 FR 18403 - Amendment of Class E Airspace; Rifle, CO

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-12

...-1014; Airspace Docket No. 09-ANM-10] Amendment of Class E Airspace; Rifle, CO AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This action will establish Class E airspace at Rifle, CO.... This action also changes the airport name in the existing Class E airspace description. DATES...

78 FR 41685 - Amendment of Class E Airspace; Worthington, MN

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-11

...-1139; Airspace Docket No. 12-AGL-12] Amendment of Class E Airspace; Worthington, MN AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This action amends Class E airspace at... rulemaking (NPRM) to amend Class E airspace for the Worthington, MN, area, creating additional controlled...

77 FR 46282 - Amendment of Class E Airspace; Sweetwater, TX

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-03

...-0829; Airspace Docket No. 11-ASW-9] Amendment of Class E Airspace; Sweetwater, TX AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This action amends Class E airspace at... Register a notice of proposed rulemaking (NPRM) to amend Class E airspace for the Sweetwater, TX, area...

77 FR 51464 - Amendment of Class E Airspace; Augusta, GA

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-24

...-1334; Airspace Docket No. 11-ASO-43] Amendment of Class E Airspace; Augusta, GA AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This action amends Class E Airspace in... amend Class E airspace in the Augusta, GA area (77 FR 21506). Interested parties were invited to...

75 FR 65224 - Amendment of Class E Airspace; Williston, ND

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-22

...-0407; Airspace Docket No. 10-AGL-7] Amendment of Class E Airspace; Williston, ND AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This action amends Class E airspace for... published in the Federal Register a notice of proposed rulemaking to amend Class E airspace for Williston...

78 FR 27031 - Amendment of Class E Airspace; Kingston, NY

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-09

...-0831; Airspace Docket No. 12-AEA-13] Amendment of Class E Airspace; Kingston, NY AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This action amends Class E Airspace at... published in the Federal Register a notice of proposed rulemaking to amend Class E airspace at Kingston, NY...

76 FR 43821 - Establishment of Class E Airspace; Ranger, TX

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-22

...-1240; Airspace Docket No. 10-ASW-18] Establishment of Class E Airspace; Ranger, TX AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This action establishes Class E airspace... Register a notice of proposed rulemaking to establish Class E airspace for Ranger, TX, creating controlled...

75 FR 41075 - Amendment of Class E Airspace; Bozeman, MT

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-15

...-1220; Airspace Docket No. 09-ANM-30] Amendment of Class E Airspace; Bozeman, MT AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This action will amend Class E airspace at... proposed rulemaking to amend Class E airspace at Bozeman, MT (75 FR 20321). Interested parties were invited...

76 FR 55554 - Amendment of Class E Airspace; Rutherfordton, NC

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-08

...-1330; Airspace Docket No. 10-ASO-41] Amendment of Class E Airspace; Rutherfordton, NC AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This action amends Class E airspace at... published in the Federal Register a notice of proposed rulemaking to amend Class E airspace 700 feet above...

75 FR 13668 - Amendment of Class E Airspace; Georgetown, TX

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-23

...-0934; Airspace Docket No. 09-ASW-29] Amendment of Class E Airspace; Georgetown, TX AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This action amends Class E airspace at... Register a notice of proposed rulemaking to amend Class E airspace for Georgetown Municipal Airport...

76 FR 70865 - Modification of Class E Airspace; Driggs, ID

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-16

...-0837; Airspace Docket No. 11-ANM-17] Modification of Class E Airspace; Driggs, ID AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This action modifies Class E airspace at... were received. Class E airspace designations are published in paragraph 6005, of FAA Order 7400.9V...

76 FR 16530 - Establishment of Class E Airspace; Creighton, NE

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-24

...-1170; Airspace Docket No. 10-ACE-13] Establishment of Class E Airspace; Creighton, NE AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This action establishes Class E airspace... Federal Register a notice of proposed rulemaking to establish Class E airspace for Creighton, NE, creating...

77 FR 10649 - Modification of Class E Airspace; Douglas, AZ

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-23

...-1313; Airspace Docket No. 11-AWP-17] Modification of Class E Airspace; Douglas, AZ AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This action modifies Class E airspace at... airport, and corrects a typographical error in the legal description for the Class E 700 foot airspace...

76 FR 47061 - Amendment of Class E Airspace; Lakeland, FL

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-04

...-0005; Airspace Docket No. 10-ASO-42] Amendment of Class E Airspace; Lakeland, FL AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This action amends Class E airspace at... proposed rulemaking (NPRM) to amend Class E airspace at Lakeland Linder Regional Airport, Lakeland, FL (75...

77 FR 32896 - Modification of Class E Airspace; Billings, MT

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-04

...-0316; Airspace Docket No. 12-ANM-1] Modification of Class E Airspace; Billings, MT AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This action modifies Class E airspace at... were received. Class E airspace designations are published in paragraph 6005, of FAA Order 7400.9V...

76 FR 80232 - Establishment of Class E Airspace; Oneonta, AL

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-23

...-0744; Airspace Docket No. 11-ASO-33] Establishment of Class E Airspace; Oneonta, AL AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This action establishes Class E Airspace... published in the Federal Register a notice of proposed rulemaking (NPRM) to establish Class E airspace at...

75 FR 65226 - Establishment of Class E Airspace; Bamberg, SC

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-22

...-0685; Airspace Docket No. 10-ASO-27] Establishment of Class E Airspace; Bamberg, SC AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This action establishes Class E Airspace... Register a notice of proposed rulemaking to establish Class E airspace at Bamberg, SC (75 FR 52654) Docket...

78 FR 11980 - Amendment of Class E Airspace; Casper, WY

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-21

...-0509; Airspace Docket No. 12-ANM-15] Amendment of Class E Airspace; Casper, WY AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This action modifies Class E airspace areas at Casper... were received. Class E airspace designations are published in paragraphs 6004, 6005 and 6006...

75 FR 65227 - Revocation of Class E Airspace; Franklin, TX

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-22

...-0603; Airspace Docket No. 10-ASW-9] Revocation of Class E Airspace; Franklin, TX AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This action removes Class E airspace for... published in the Federal Register a notice of proposed rulemaking to remove Class E airspace for Franklin...

75 FR 65225 - Amendment of Class E Airspace; Youngstown, OH

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-22

...-267; Airspace Docket No. 10-AGL-5] Amendment of Class E Airspace; Youngstown, OH AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This action amends Class E airspace for... Federal Register a notice of proposed rulemaking to amend Class E airspace for Youngstown, OH, creating...

14 CFR 71.71 - Class E airspace.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Class E airspace. 71.71 Section 71.71 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIRSPACE... (2) The airspace below 1,500 feet above the surface of the earth. (b) The airspace areas designated...

75 FR 64971 - Proposed Establishment of Class E Airspace; Central City, NE

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-21

...-0837; Airspace Docket No. 10-ACE-10] Proposed Establishment of Class E Airspace; Central City, NE...: This action proposes to establish Class E airspace at Central City, NE. Controlled airspace is necessary to accommodate new Standard Instrument Approach Procedures (SIAP) at Central City Municipal--Larry...

76 FR 44288 - Establishment of Class E Airspace; New Market, VA

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-25

...-380; Airspace Docket No. 11-AEA-12] Establishment of Class E Airspace; New Market, VA AGENCY: Federal... proposes to establish Class E Airspace at New Market, VA, to accommodate the additional airspace needed for the Standard Instrument Approach Procedures developed for New Market Airport. This action would...

77 FR 38472 - Amendment of Class D Airspace; Pontiac, MI

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-28

...-1142; Airspace Docket No. 11-AGL-22] Amendment of Class D Airspace; Pontiac, MI AGENCY: Federal... Class D airspace within the Pontiac, MI, area by changing the name of the airport from [[Page 38473... County International Airport and adjusting the geographic coordinates within Class D airspace to coincide...

75 FR 43814 - Amendment of Class D Airspace; Goldsboro, NC

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-27

...-0095; Airspace Docket No. 10-ASO-18] Amendment of Class D Airspace; Goldsboro, NC AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This action amends the Class D Airspace at... published in the Federal Register a notice of proposed rulemaking to amend Class D airspace for Seymour...

78 FR 67296 - Establishment of Class D Airspace; Mesquite, TX

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-12

...-0580; Airspace Docket No. 12-ASW-2] Establishment of Class D Airspace; Mesquite, TX AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This action establishes Class D airspace... establish Class D airspace for Mesquite Metro Airport, Mesquite, TX (78 FR 48842) Docket No. FAA-2012- 0580...

78 FR 27029 - Modification of Class C Airspace; Nashville International Airport; TN

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-09

...-0031; Airspace Docket No. 12-AWA-7] Modification of Class C Airspace; Nashville International Airport... modifies the Nashville International Airport, TN, Class C airspace area by removing a cutout from the... modify the Nashville International Airport, TN, Class C airspace area (78 FR 6257). Interested parties...

76 FR 30299 - Proposed Establishment of Class E Airspace; Kayenta, AZ

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-25

...-0393; Airspace Docket No. 11-AWP-2] Proposed Establishment of Class E Airspace; Kayenta, AZ AGENCY... action proposes to establish Class E Airspace at Kayenta Airport, Kayenta, AZ. Controlled airspace is...) standard instrument approach procedures at Kayenta Airport. The FAA is proposing this action to enhance the...

77 FR 5169 - Amendment of Class E Airspace; South Bend, IN

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-02

...-0250; Airspace Docket No. 11-AGL-6] Amendment of Class E Airspace; South Bend, IN AGENCY: Federal... South Bend, IN, area. Additional controlled airspace is necessary to accommodate new Area Navigation... South Bend, IN, area, creating additional controlled airspace at Jerry Tyler Memorial Airport (76 FR...

75 FR 15360 - Proposed Amendment of Class E Airspace; Austin, TX

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-29

...-1152; Airspace Docket No. 09-ASW-31] Proposed Amendment of Class E Airspace; Austin, TX AGENCY: Federal... proposes to amend Class E airspace in the Austin, TX area. Additional controlled airspace is necessary to accommodate new Standard Instrument Approach Procedures (SIAPs) at Austin Executive Airport, Austin, TX. The...

Small Aircraft Transportation System Concept and Technologies

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Holmes, Bruce J.; Durham, Michael H.; Tarry, Scott E.

2005-01-01

This paper summarizes both the vision and the early public-private collaborative research for the Small Aircraft Transportation System (SATS). The paper outlines an operational definition of SATS, describes how SATS conceptually differs from current air transportation capabilities, introduces four SATS operating capabilities, and explains the relation between the SATS operating capabilities and the potential for expanded air mobility. The SATS technology roadmap encompasses on-demand, widely distributed, point-to-point air mobility, through hired-pilot modes in the nearer-term, and through self-operated user modes in the farther-term. The nearer-term concept is based on aircraft and airspace technologies being developed to make the use of smaller, more widely distributed community reliever and general aviation airports and their runways more useful in more weather conditions, in commercial hired-pilot service modes. The farther-term vision is based on technical concepts that could be developed to simplify or automate many of the operational functions in the aircraft and the airspace for meeting future public transportation needs, in personally operated modes. NASA technology strategies form a roadmap between the nearer-term concept and the farther-term vision. This paper outlines a roadmap for scalable, on-demand, distributed air mobility technologies for vehicle and airspace systems. The audiences for the paper include General Aviation manufacturers, small aircraft transportation service providers, the flight training industry, airport and transportation authorities at the Federal, state and local levels, and organizations involved in planning for future National Airspace System advancements.

A systems approach for designing a radio station layout for the U.S. National Airspace

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Boci, Erton S.

Today's National Airspace System (NAS) is managed using an aging surveillance radar system. Current radar technology is not adequate to sustain the rapid growth of the commercial, civil, and federal aviation sectors and cannot be adapted to use emerging 21st century airspace surveillance technologies. With 87,000 flights to manage per day, America's ground based radar system has hit a growth ceiling. Consequently, the FAA has embarked on a broad-reaching effort called the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) that seeks to transform today's aviation airspace management and ensure increased safety and capacity in our NAS. This dissertation presents a systems approach to Service Volume (SV) engineering, a relatively new field of engineering that has emerged in support of the FAA's Automatic Dependent Surveillance -- Broadcast (ADS-B) Air Traffic Modernization Program. SV Engineering is responsible for radio station layout design that would provide the required radio frequency (RF) coverage over a set of Service Volumes, each which represents a section of controlled airspace that is served by a particular air control facility or service. The radio station layout must be optimized to meet system performance, safety, and interference requirements while minimizing the number of radio station sites required to provide RF coverage of the entire airspace of the Unites States. The interference level requirements at the victim (of interference) receivers are the most important and stringent requirements imposed on the ADS-B radio station layout and configuration. In this dissertation, we show a novel and practical way to achieve this optimality by developing and employing several key techniques such as such as reverse radio line-of-site (RLOS) and complex entity-relationship modeling, to address the greater challenges of engineering this complex system. Given that numerous NAS radar facilities are clustered together in relative close proximity to each other, we can optimize site selection placement for coverage through a process of coverage aggregation if we anticipate and leverage the emergent properties that manifest from their aggregation. This optimization process across the NAS significantly reduces the total number of RS sites necessary for complete coverage. Furthermore, in this dissertation, we show the approach taken to develop an entity-relationship model that will support the data capture and distribution of RF SV design. We utilize the CORE software environment to develop a geospatial / RF design entityrelationship (ER) model schema that in conjunction with development of several advanced parsers facilitates effective data management and the communication of complex model logical and parametric detail. Authors note: While the modern standard for scientific papers is to use the International System of Units (SI), this paper was written using the units of measure of the civilian aviation domain to make this research accessible and useful to that community.

Wake Vortex Advisory System (WakeVAS) Evaluation of Impacts on the National Airspace System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Smith, Jeremy C.; Dollyhigh, Samuel M.

2005-01-01

This report is one of a series that describes an ongoing effort in high-fidelity modeling/simulation, evaluation and analysis of the benefits and performance metrics of the Wake Vortex Advisory System (WakeVAS) Concept of Operations being developed as part of the Virtual Airspace Modeling and Simulation (VAMS) project. A previous study, determined the overall increases in runway arrival rates that could be achieved at 12 selected airports due to WakeVAS reduced aircraft spacing under Instrument Meteorological Conditions. This study builds on the previous work to evaluate the NAS wide impacts of equipping various numbers of airports with WakeVAS. A queuing network model of the National Airspace System, built by the Logistics Management Institute, Mclean, VA, for NASA (LMINET) was used to estimate the reduction in delay that could be achieved by using WakeVAS under non-visual meteorological conditions for the projected air traffic demand in 2010. The results from LMINET were used to estimate the total annual delay reduction that could be achieved and from this, an estimate of the air carrier variable operating cost saving was made.

Final Overview of ACES Simulation for Evaluation SARP Well-Clear Definitions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Santiago, Confesor; Johnson, Marcus A.; Isaacson, Doug; Hershey, David

2014-01-01

The UAS in the NAS project is studying the minimum operational performance standards for unmanned aerial systems (UAS's) detect-and-avoid (DAA) system in order to operate in the National Airspace System. The DoD's Science and research Panel (SARP) Well-Clear Workshop is investigating the time and spatial boundary at which an UAS violates well-clear. NASA is supporting this effort through use of its Airspace Concept Evaluation System (ACES) simulation platform. This briefing presents the final results to the SARP, which will be used to judge the three candidate well-clear definitions, and for the selection of the most operationally suitable option.

75 FR 6595 - Proposed Amendment of Class E Airspace; Mapleton, IA

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-02-10

...-1155; Airspace Docket No. 09-ACE-14] Proposed Amendment of Class E Airspace; Mapleton, IA AGENCY... action proposes to amend Class E airspace at Mapleton, IA. Additional controlled airspace is necessary to..., Mapleton, IA. The FAA is taking this action to enhance the safety and management of Instrument Flight Rules...

75 FR 6592 - Proposed Amendment of Class E Airspace; Emmetsburg, IA

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-02-10

...-1153; Airspace Docket No. 09-ACE-13] Proposed Amendment of Class E Airspace; Emmetsburg, IA AGENCY... action proposes to amend Class E airspace at Emmetsburg, IA. Additional controlled airspace is necessary..., Emmetsburg, IA. The FAA is taking this action to enhance the safety and management of Instrument Flight Rules...

77 FR 49399 - Proposed Amendment of Class E Airspace; Forest City, IA

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-16

...-0654; Airspace Docket No. 12-ACE-3] Proposed Amendment of Class E Airspace; Forest City, IA AGENCY... action proposes to amend Class E airspace at Forest City, IA. Additional controlled airspace is necessary... accommodate new standard instrument approach procedures at Forest City Municipal Airport, Forest City, IA. The...

77 FR 71361 - Proposed Amendment of Class E Airspace; West Union, IA

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-30

...-1434; Airspace Docket No. 11-ACE-27] Proposed Amendment of Class E Airspace; West Union, IA AGENCY... action proposes to amend Class E airspace at West Union, IA. Decommissioning of the West Union non... instrument approach procedures at George L. Scott Municipal Airport, West Union, IA. Airspace reconfiguration...

77 FR 68683 - Amendment of Class E Airspace; Forest City, IA

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-16

...-0654; Airspace Docket No. 12-ACE-3] Amendment of Class E Airspace; Forest City, IA AGENCY: Federal... Forest City, IA. Additional controlled airspace is necessary to accommodate new Area Navigation (RNAV... Federal Register a notice of proposed rulemaking (NPRM) to amend Class E airspace for the Forest City, IA...

76 FR 3570 - Proposed Amendment of Class E Airspace; Taylor, AZ

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-20

...-1189; Airspace Docket No. 10-AWP-19] Proposed Amendment of Class E Airspace; Taylor, AZ AGENCY: Federal... proposes to modify Class E airspace at Taylor Airport, Taylor, AZ. Controlled airspace is necessary to accommodate aircraft using the CAMBO One Departure Area Navigation (RNAV) out of Taylor Airport. The FAA is...

77 FR 50646 - Proposed Establishment of Class D Airspace; Bryant AAF, Anchorage, AK

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-22

...-0433; Airspace Docket No. 12-AAL-5] Proposed Establishment of Class D Airspace; Bryant AAF, Anchorage...). SUMMARY: This action proposes to establish Class D airspace at Bryant Army Airfield (AAF), Anchorage AK... 71 by establishing Class D airspace extending upward from the surface at Bryant AAF, Anchorage AK...

77 FR 27666 - Proposed Amendment of Class E Airspace; Bar Harbor, ME

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-11

...-1366; Airspace Docket No. 11-ANE-13] Proposed Amendment of Class E Airspace; Bar Harbor, ME AGENCY... action proposes to amend Class E Airspace at Bar Harbor, ME, as the Surry Non-Directional Radio Beacon... Airport, Bar Harbor, ME. Airspace reconfiguration is necessary due to the decommissioning of the Surry NDB...

77 FR 49712 - Amendment to Class B Airspace; Salt Lake City, UT

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-17

... operating in the vicinity of SLC. The modified Class B airspace areas were designed to ensure all instrument... final Salt Lake City Class B airspace design provides operational and safety benefits to all airspace... Salt Lake City Class B airspace design also incorporated reductions to the northern and southern...

78 FR 57545 - Proposed Amendment of Class D Airspace; Dallas, Addison Airport, TX

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-19

...-0749; Airspace Docket No. 13-ASW-16] Proposed Amendment of Class D Airspace; Dallas, Addison Airport... airspace ceiling at Addison Airport, Dallas, TX, is being withdrawn. Upon review, the FAA determined that the proposed rulemaking action is premature in that an existing Dallas/Fort Worth Class B airspace...

78 FR 73749 - Proposed Amendment of Class D Airspace; St. Joseph, MO

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-09

...-0917; Airspace Docket No. 13-ACE-16] Proposed Amendment of Class D Airspace; St. Joseph, MO AGENCY... action proposes to amend Class D airspace at St. Joseph, MO. Additional controlled airspace is necessary... Rosecrans Municipal Airport, St. Joseph, MO. Accordingly, additional segments would extend from the 4.3-mile...

78 FR 52112 - Proposed Amendment of Class E Airspace; Cut Bank, MT

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-22

...-0664; Airspace Docket No. 13-ANM-22] Proposed Amendment of Class E Airspace; Cut Bank, MT AGENCY... action proposes to modify Class E airspace at Cut Bank Municipal Airport, Cut Bank, MT. Controlled... from 700/1,200 feet above the surface at Cut Bank Municipal Airport, Cut Bank, MT. Controlled airspace...

77 FR 17363 - Proposed Establishment of Class E Airspace; West Memphis, AR

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-26

...-0155; Airspace Docket No. 12-ASW-1] Proposed Establishment of Class E Airspace; West Memphis, AR AGENCY... action proposes to establish Class E airspace at West Memphis, AR. Separation of existing Class E... surface at West Memphis, AR, to accommodate the separation of existing Class E airspace surrounding West...

75 FR 32652 - Revocation and Establishment of Class E Airspace; Nuiqsut, AK

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-09

...-0502; Airspace Docket No. 10-AAL-15] Revocation and Establishment of Class E Airspace; Nuiqsut, AK... establishes Class E airspace on the north slope of Alaska near Nuiqsut, AK, to provide controlled airspace to..., Pioneer Heliport (AA27), Nuiqsut, AK, and Oooguruk Island Heliport (AK32), Nuiqsut, AK, both formerly...

78 FR 30797 - Proposed Amendment of Class E Airspace; Point Thomson, AK

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-23

...-1175; Airspace Docket No. 12-AAL-11] Proposed Amendment of Class E Airspace; Point Thomson, AK AGENCY... action proposes to modify the airspace at Point Thomson, AK by establishing Class E Airspace at Point Thomson Airstrip Airport, Point Thomson, AK. This will accommodate aircraft using a new Area Navigation...

77 FR 5 - Amendment of Class E Airspace; Kipnuk, AK

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-03

...-0866; Airspace Docket No. 11-AAL-15] Amendment of Class E Airspace; Kipnuk, AK AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This action modifies Class E airspace at Kipnuk, AK. The... a notice of proposed rulemaking (NPRM) to amend controlled airspace at Kipnuk, AK (76 FR 54149...

78 FR 17083 - Amendment of Class E Airspace; Scammon Bay, AK

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-20

...-0121; Airspace Docket No. 12-AAL-2] Amendment of Class E Airspace; Scammon Bay, AK AGENCY: Federal... Scammon Bay Airport, Scammon Bay, AK. Controlled airspace is necessary to accommodate aircraft using a new... Federal Register a notice of proposed rulemaking to modify controlled airspace at Scammon Bay, AK (77 FR...

78 FR 69787 - Proposed Modification of Class E Airspace; Sitka, AK

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-21

...-0921; Airspace Docket No. 13-AAL-4] Proposed Modification of Class E Airspace; Sitka, AK AGENCY... rulemaking (NPRM). SUMMARY: This action proposes to modify Class E airspace at Sitka, AK, to [[Page 69788... Gutierrez, AK. After review of the airspace, the FAAs Western Terminal Products Office found modification of...

76 FR 55555 - Amendment of Class E Airspace; Shelby, NC

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-08

...-0280; Airspace Docket No. 11-ASO-16] Amendment of Class E Airspace; Shelby, NC AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This action amends Class E Airspace at Shelby, NC, to... rulemaking to amend Class E airspace at Shelby, NC (76 FR 35799) Docket No. FAA-2011-0280. Interested parties...

76 FR 28887 - Revocation of Class E Airspace; Ozark, MO

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-19

...-0432; Airspace Docket No. 11-ACE-8] Revocation of Class E Airspace; Ozark, MO AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This action removes Class E airspace at Ozark, MO... Regulations (14 CFR) Part 71 by removing Class E airspace in the Ozark, MO, area. Abandonment of the former...

78 FR 57788 - Amendment of Class E Airspace; Everett, WA

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-20

...-0434; Airspace Docket No. 13-ANM-1] Amendment of Class E Airspace; Everett, WA AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This action modifies Class E airspace at Everett, WA, to... the FAA. No comments were received. Class E airspace designations are published in paragraph 6004, of...

75 FR 13669 - Amendment of Class E Airspace; Dumas, TX

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-23

...-1151; Airspace Docket No. 09-ASW-30] Amendment of Class E Airspace; Dumas, TX AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This action amends Class E airspace for Dumas, TX, adding... published in the Federal Register a notice of proposed rulemaking to amend Class E airspace for Dumas, TX...

77 FR 68067 - Establishment of Class E Airspace; Coaldale, NV

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-15

...-0705; Airspace Docket No. 12-AWP-4] Establishment of Class E Airspace; Coaldale, NV AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This action establishes Class E airspace... forth in the NPRM for lowering the Class E airspace down to 1,200 feet above the surface was vague and...

76 FR 35966 - Amendment of Class E Airspace; Cocoa, FL

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-21

...-0070; Airspace Docket No. 10-ASO-43] Amendment of Class E Airspace; Cocoa, FL AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This action amends Class E Airspace at Cocoa, FL, as the... published in the Federal Register a notice of proposed rulemaking to amend Class E airspace at Merritt...

76 FR 53049 - Amendment of Class E Airspace; Shelby, MT

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-25

...-0536; Airspace Docket No. 11-ANM-13] Amendment of Class E Airspace; Shelby, MT AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This action modifies Class E airspace at Shelby, MT, to... E airspace designations are published in paragraph 6005 of FAA Order 7400.9U dated August 18, 2010...

76 FR 2800 - Establishment of Class E Airspace; Lucin, UT

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-18

...-2010-1208; Airspace Docket No. 10-ANM-16] Establishment of Class E Airspace; Lucin, UT AGENCY: Federal... E en route domestic airspace for the Lucin VORTAC, Lucin, UT. DATES: Effective 0901 UTC, February 17..., UT, incorrectly referenced the existing Class E en route domestic airspace exclusion above 8,500 feet...

78 FR 33963 - Amendment of Class E Airspace; Atwood, KS

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-06

...; Airspace Docket No. 11-ACE-24] Amendment of Class E Airspace; Atwood, KS AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This action amends Class E airspace at Atwood, KS... published in the Federal Register a notice of proposed rulemaking (NPRM) to amend Class E airspace for the...

77 FR 68681 - Amendment of Class E Airspace; Anthony, KS

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-16

...-0652; Airspace Docket No. 12-ACE-4] Amendment of Class E Airspace; Anthony, KS AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This action amends Class E airspace at Anthony, KS... the Federal Register a notice of proposed rulemaking (NPRM) to amend Class E airspace for the Anthony...

77 FR 5169 - Amendment of Class D Airspace; Saginaw, MI

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-02

...-1144; Airspace Docket No. 11-AGL-24] Amendment of Class D Airspace; Saginaw, MI AGENCY: Federal... Class D airspace within the Saginaw, MI, area by changing the name of the airport from Tri-City... International Airport and updating the geographic coordinates within Class D airspace to coincide with the FAA's...

76 FR 66662 - Proposed Amendment of Class D Airspace; Santa Monica, CA

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-27

...-0611; Airspace Docket No. 11-AWP-11] Proposed Amendment of Class D Airspace; Santa Monica, CA AGENCY... action proposes to modify Class D airspace at Santa Monica Municipal Airport, CA, to accommodate aircraft... an amendment to Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) Part 71 by modifying Class D airspace...

75 FR 17891 - Amendment of Class D Airspace; Goldsboro, NC

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-08

...-0095; Airspace Docket No. 10-ASO-18] Amendment of Class D Airspace; Goldsboro, NC AGENCY: Federal... proposes to amend the Class D airspace at Seymour Johnson AFB, Goldsboro, NC, to reflect the part-time... amend Class D airspace at Seymour Johnson AFB, Goldsboro, NC, to reflect the part-time operations of the...

77 FR 5170 - Amendment of Class D Airspace; Jackson, MI

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-02

...-1143; Airspace Docket No. 11-AGL-23] Amendment of Class D Airspace; Jackson, MI AGENCY: Federal... Class D airspace within the Jackson, MI, area by changing the name of the airport from Jackson County... Class D airspace to coincide with the FAA's aeronautical database. This is an administrative change and...

78 FR 48291 - Amendment of Class D Airspace; Sparta, WI

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-08

...-0165; Airspace Docket No. 13-AGL-6] Amendment of Class D Airspace; Sparta, WI AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This action amends Class D airspace at Sparta, WI... Register a notice of proposed rulemaking (NPRM) to amend Class D airspace for Sparta/Fort McCoy Airport (78...

76 FR 39038 - Proposed Establishment of Class E Airspace; Lebanon, PA

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-05

...-0558; Airspace Docket No. 11-AEA-13] Proposed Establishment of Class E Airspace; Lebanon, PA AGENCY... action proposes to establish Class E Airspace at Lebanon, PA, to accommodate new Standard Instrument... amendment to Title 14, Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) part 71 to establish Class E airspace at Lebanon...

75 FR 39145 - Amendment of Class C Airspace; Flint, MI

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-08

...-0599; Airspace Docket No. 10-AWA-3] RIN 2120-AA66 Amendment of Class C Airspace; Flint, MI AGENCY... description of the Bishop International Airport, Flint, MI, Class C airspace area by amending the airport... defines the Class C airspace area's center point. The Rule This action amends Title 14 Code of Federal...

76 FR 49385 - Proposed Amendment of Class E Airspace; South Bend, IN

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-10

...-0250; Airspace Docket No. 11-AGL-6] Proposed Amendment of Class E Airspace; South Bend, IN AGENCY... action proposes to amend Class E airspace in the South Bend, IN area. Additional controlled airspace is... (IFR) operations for SIAPs at the airport. The geographic coordinates for South Bend Regional Airport...

76 FR 80230 - Amendment of Class D and E Airspace; Baltimore, MD

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-23

... November 28, 2011, amending controlled airspace at Martin State Airport, Baltimore, MD. DATES: Effective... published a final rule in the Federal Register amending Class D and E airspace at Martin State Airport... the airspace designation for the Class D and Class E airspace areas at Martin State Airport, Baltimore...

A Perspective on NASA Ames Air Traffic Management Research

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schroeder, Jeffery A.

2012-01-01

This paper describes past and present air-traffic-management research at NASA Ames Research Center. The descriptions emerge from the perspective of a technical manager who supervised the majority of this research for the last four years. Past research contributions built a foundation for calculating accurate flight trajectories to enable efficient airspace management in time. That foundation led to two predominant research activities that continue to this day - one in automatically separating aircraft and the other in optimizing traffic flows. Today s national airspace uses many of the applications resulting from research at Ames. These applications include the nationwide deployment of the Traffic Management Advisor, new procedures enabling continuous descent arrivals, cooperation with industry to permit more direct flights to downstream way-points, a surface management system in use by two cargo carriers, and software to evaluate how well flights conform to national traffic management initiatives. The paper concludes with suggestions for prioritized research in the upcoming years. These priorities include: enabling more first-look operational evaluations, improving conflict detection and resolution for climbing or descending aircraft, and focusing additional attention on the underpinning safety critical items such as a reliable datalink.

75 FR 44719 - Amendment and Establishment of Restricted Areas and Other Special Use Airspace, Razorback Range...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-29

... airspace needed for military aircraft to conduct medium to high altitude standoff weapon delivery profiles... existing restricted area, and amends the boundaries description of the Special Use Airspace (SUA) Hog High..., MOAs are not rulemaking airspace actions. However, since the proposed R-2402B airspace and the Hog High...

75 FR 52484 - Proposed Removal and Amendment of Class E Airspace, Oxford, CT

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-26

... Class E airspace extending upward from 700 feet at Oxford, CT. Decommissioning of the Waterbury Non... extension to Class D airspace and amend the description of the Class E airspace extending upward 700 feet... extension to Class D and the Class E 700 foot airspace designations are published in Paragraph 6004 and 6005...

78 FR 6261 - Proposed Amendment of Class E Airspace; Griffin, GA

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-30

... Airport, Griffin, GA (Lat. 33[deg]13'37'' N., long. 84[deg]16'30'' W.) That airspace extending upward from...-1219; Airspace Docket No. 12-ASO-43] Proposed Amendment of Class E Airspace; Griffin, GA AGENCY... action proposes to amend Class E Airspace at Griffin, GA, as the Griffin Non-Directional Beacon (NDB) has...

75 FR 17322 - Proposed Revocation of Class D and E Airspace; Big Delta, AK

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-06

...-0083 Airspace Docket No. 10-AAL-5] Proposed Revocation of Class D and E Airspace; Big Delta, AK AGENCY... action proposes to revoke Class D and E airspace at Big Delta, AK. This airspace duplicates the... NASSIF Building at the above address. An informal docket may also be examined during normal business...

77 FR 28243 - Amendment of Class D Airspace; Cocoa Beach, FL

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-14

...-0099; Airspace Docket No. 12-ASO-11] Amendment of Class D Airspace; Cocoa Beach, FL AGENCY: Federal... Federal Register on April 11, 2012 that amends Class D airspace at Cocoa Beach, FL. DATES: Effective 0901...), amends Class D airspace at Cape Canaveral Skid Strip, Cocoa Beach, FL. A typographical error was made in...

75 FR 64972 - Proposed Revocation of Class E Airspace; Lone Star, TX

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-21

...-0772; Airspace Docket No. 10-ASW-10] Proposed Revocation of Class E Airspace; Lone Star, TX AGENCY... action proposes to remove Class E airspace at Lone Star, TX. Abandonment of the former Lone Star Steel... need for controlled airspace in the Lone Star, TX, area. The FAA is taking this action to ensure the...

75 FR 44727 - Proposed Revocation and Establishment of Class E Airspace; St. George, UT

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-29

...-0660; Airspace Docket No. 10-ANM-4] Proposed Revocation and Establishment of Class E Airspace; St... (NPRM). SUMMARY: This action proposes to remove Class E airspace at St. George Municipal Airport, St... also would establish Class E airspace for the new St. George Municipal Airport located to the south of...

75 FR 81518 - Proposed Establishment of Class E Airspace; Wolfeboro, NH

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-28

...-1007; Airspace Docket No. 10-ANE-109] Proposed Establishment of Class E Airspace; Wolfeboro, NH AGENCY...-1007; Airspace Docket No. 10-ANE-109, at the beginning of your comments. You may also submit and review... is made: ``Comments to Docket No. FAA-2010-1007; Airspace Docket No. 10-ANE-109.'' The postcard will...

76 FR 53361 - Proposed Revocation and Amendment of Class E Airspace; Olathe, KS

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-26

...-0748; Airspace Docket No. 11-ACE-13] Proposed Revocation and Amendment of Class E Airspace; Olathe, KS... docket number FAA-2011-0748/Airspace Docket No. 11- ACE-13, at the beginning of your comments. You may... No. FAA-2011-0748/ Airspace Docket No. 11-ACE-13.'' The postcard will be date/time stamped and...

78 FR 25229 - Proposed Establishment of Class E Airspace; Stockton, KS

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-30

...-0274; Airspace Docket No. 13-ACE-2] Proposed Establishment of Class E Airspace; Stockton, KS AGENCY... the docket number FAA-2013-0274/Airspace Docket No. 13- ACE-2, at the beginning of your comments. You... No. FAA-2013-0274/ Airspace Docket No. 13-ACE-2.'' The postcard will be date/time stamped and...

78 FR 26243 - Amendment of Class E Airspace; Easton, PA

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-06

...-0394; Airspace Docket No. 12-AEA-8] Amendment of Class E Airspace; Easton, PA AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This action amends Class E Airspace at Easton, PA, as the... (NPRM) to amend Class E airspace at Easton, PA (78 FR 5152) Docket No. FAA-2012-0394. Interested parties...

76 FR 28888 - Revocation of Class E Airspace; Gruver Cluck Ranch Airport, TX

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-19

...-0272; Airspace Docket No. 11-ASW-3] Revocation of Class E Airspace; Gruver Cluck Ranch Airport, TX... Class E airspace at Gruver, Cluck Ranch Airport, TX. The airport has been abandoned, thereby eliminating the need for controlled airspace in the Gruver, Cluck Ranch Airport, TX, area. The FAA is taking this...

78 FR 40382 - Modification of Class D and E Airspace; Twin Falls, ID

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-05

...-0258; Airspace Docket No. 13-ANM-12] Modification of Class D and E Airspace; Twin Falls, ID AGENCY... Class D airspace, omitted from the Title in the notice of proposed rulemaking is included in this rule... were received. Subsequent to publication, the FAA found that the Class D airspace reference was omitted...

78 FR 58158 - Establishment of Class D Airspace; Bryant AAF, Anchorage, AK

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-23

...-2012-0433; Airspace Docket No. 12-AAL-5] Establishment of Class D Airspace; Bryant AAF, Anchorage, AK... corrects a final rule published in the Federal Register August 8, 2013 that establishes Class D airspace at... Bryant AAF, in that the language indicating Class D airspace as part time was left out. DATES: Effective...

76 FR 77383 - Amendment of Class C Airspace; Palm Beach International Airport, FL

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-13

...-0527; Airspace Docket No. 11-AWA-2] Amendment of Class C Airspace; Palm Beach International Airport, FL... action modifies the Palm Beach International Airport, FL, Class C airspace area by raising the floor of Class C airspace over Palm Beach County Park Airport. The FAA is taking this action to enhance safety...

77 FR 34208 - Amendment of Class D and Class E Airspace; Leesburg, FL

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-11

... amends Class D and Class E airspace at Leesburg, FL, changing the airport's name to Leesburg... and public procedures under 5 U.S.C. 553(b) are unnecessary. The Class D airspace, Class E surface...-0445; Airspace Docket No. 12-ASO-27] Amendment of Class D and Class E Airspace; Leesburg, FL AGENCY...

77 FR 4712 - Proposed Establishment of Class E Airspace; Pender, NE

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-31

...-1103; Airspace Docket No. 11-ACE-14] Proposed Establishment of Class E Airspace; Pender, NE AGENCY... the docket number FAA-2011-1103/Airspace Docket No. 11- ACE-14, at the beginning of your comments. You... made: ``Comments to Docket No. FAA-2011-1103/ Airspace Docket No. 11-ACE-14.'' The postcard will be...

Advanced Flow Control as a Management Tool in the National Airspace System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wugalter, S.

1974-01-01

Advanced Flow Control is closely related to Air Traffic Control. Air Traffic Control is the business of the Federal Aviation Administration. To formulate an understanding of advanced flow control and its use as a management tool in the National Airspace System, it becomes necessary to speak somewhat of air traffic control, the role of FAA, and their relationship to advanced flow control. Also, this should dispell forever, any notion that advanced flow control is the inspirational master valve scheme to be used on the Alaskan Oil Pipeline.

Small Aircraft Transportation System, Higher Volume Operations Concept: Normal Operations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Abbott, Terence S.; Jones, Kenneth M.; Consiglio, Maria C.; Williams, Daniel M.; Adams, Catherine A.

2004-01-01

This document defines the Small Aircraft Transportation System (SATS), Higher Volume Operations (HVO) concept for normal conditions. In this concept, a block of airspace would be established around designated non-towered, non-radar airports during periods of poor weather. Within this new airspace, pilots would take responsibility for separation assurance between their aircraft and other similarly equipped aircraft. Using onboard equipment and procedures, they would then approach and land at the airport. Departures would be handled in a similar fashion. The details for this operational concept are provided in this document.

Airspace Technology Demonstration 2 (ATD-2) Integrated Surface and Airspace Simulation - Experiment Plan

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Verma, Savita Arora

2017-01-01

This presentation describes the objectives and high level setup for the human-in-the-loop simulation of the integrated surface and airsapce simulation of the ATD-2 Integrated Arrival, Departure, Surface (IADS) system. The purpose of the simulation is to evaluate the functionality of the IADS system, including tactical surface scheduler, negotiation of departure times for the flights under Traffic Management Initiatives (TMIs), and data exchange between ATC Tower and airline Ramp. The same presentation was presented to serve the experiment review prior to the simulation.

Airspace Technology Demonstration 2 (ATD-2) Technology Description Document (TDD)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ging, Andrew; Engelland, Shawn; Capps, Al; Eshow, Michelle; Jung, Yoon; Sharma, Shivanjli; Talebi, Ehsan; Downs, Michael; Freedman, Cynthia; Ngo, Tyler;

Validation Of The Airspace Concept Evaluation System Using Real World Data

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zelinski, Shannon

2005-01-01

This paper discusses the process of performing a validation of the Airspace Concept Evaluation System (ACES) using real world historical flight operational data. ACES inputs are generated from select real world data and processed to create a realistic reproduction of a single day of operations within the National Airspace System (NAS). ACES outputs are then compared to real world operational metrics and delay statistics for the reproduced day. Preliminary results indicate that ACES produces delays and airport operational metrics similar to the real world with minor variations of delay by phase of flight. ACES is a nation-wide fast-time simulation tool developed at NASA Ames Research Center. ACES models and simulates the NAS using interacting agents representing center control, terminal flow management, airports, individual flights, and other NAS elements. These agents pass messages between one another similar to real world communications. This distributed agent based system is designed to emulate the highly unpredictable nature of the NAS, making it a suitable tool to evaluate current and envisioned airspace concepts. To ensure that ACES produces the most realistic results, the system must be validated. There is no way to validate future concepts scenarios using real world historical data, but current day scenario validations increase confidence in the validity of future scenario results. Each operational day has unique weather and traffic demand schedules. The more a simulation utilizes the unique characteristic of a specific day, the more realistic the results should be. ACES is able to simulate the full scale demand traffic necessary to perform a validation using real world data. Through direct comparison with the real world, models may continuee to be improved and unusual trends and biases may be filtered out of the system or used to normalize the results of future concept simulations.

Identifying Key Issues and Potential Solutions for Integrated Arrival, Departure, Surface Operations by Surveying Stakeholder Preferences

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Aponso, Bimal; Coppenbarger, Richard A.; Jung, Yoon; Quon, Leighton; Lohr, Gary; O’Connor, Neil; Engelland, Shawn

2015-01-01

NASA's Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate (ARMD) collaborates with the FAA and industry to provide concepts and technologies that enhance the transition to the next-generation air-traffic management system (NextGen). To facilitate this collaboration, ARMD has a series of Airspace Technology Demonstration (ATD) sub-projects that develop, demonstrate, and transitions NASA technologies and concepts for implementation in the National Airspace System (NAS). The second of these sub-projects, ATD-2, is focused on the potential benefits to NAS stakeholders of integrated arrival, departure, surface (IADS) operations. To determine the project objectives and assess the benefits of a potential solution, NASA surveyed NAS stakeholders to understand the existing issues in arrival, departure, and surface operations, and the perceived benefits of better integrating these operations. NASA surveyed a broad cross-section of stakeholders representing the airlines, airports, air-navigation service providers, and industry providers of NAS tools. The survey indicated that improving the predictability of flight times (schedules) could improve efficiency in arrival, departure, and surface operations. Stakeholders also mentioned the need for better strategic and tactical information on traffic constraints as well as better information sharing and a coupled collaborative planning process that allows stakeholders to coordinate IADS operations. To assess the impact of a potential solution, NASA sketched an initial departure scheduling concept and assessed its viability by surveying a select group of stakeholders for a second time. The objective of the departure scheduler was to enable flights to move continuously from gate to cruise with minimal interruption in a busy metroplex airspace environment using strategic and tactical scheduling enhanced by collaborative planning between airlines and service providers. The stakeholders agreed that this departure concept could improve schedule predictability and suggested several key attributes that were necessary to make the concept successful. The goals and objectives of the planned ATD-2 sub-project will incorporate the results of this stakeholder feedback.

Concept of Operations for the Next Generation Air Transportation System, Version 2.0

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-06-13

SIDA )/airport operations area (AOA), [R-110] terminal perimeter, terminal airspace (security) • Landside. Terminal public and commercial roadways and...Required Surveillance Performance RTSS Remote Terminal Security Screening SAA Special Activity Airspace SIDA Security Identification Display Area SM...impede airside operations? R-110 Research 6.4.2/C. 4.4.1 Airside: Security Identification Display Area ( SIDA )/AOA R&D needed to develop and

Performance of an Automated System for Control of Traffic in Terminal Airspace

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Nikoleris, Tasos; Erzberger, Heinz; Paielli, Russell A.; Chu, Yung-Cheng

2016-01-01

This paper examines the performance of a system that performs automated conflict resolution and arrival scheduling for aircraft in the terminal airspace around major airports. Such a system has the potential to perform separation assurance and arrival sequencing tasks that are currently handled manually by human controllers. The performance of the system is tested against several simulated traffic scenarios that are characterized by the rate at which air traffic is metered into the terminal airspace. For each traffic scenario, the levels of performance that are examined include: number of conflicts predicted to occur, types of resolution maneuver used to resolve predicted conflicts, and the amount of delay for all flights. The simulation results indicate that the percentage of arrivals that required a maneuver that changes the flight's horizontal route ranged between 11% and 15% in all traffic scenarios. That finding has certain implications if this automated system were to be implemented simply as a decision support tool. It is also found that arrival delay due to purely wake vortex separation requirements on final approach constituted only between 29% and 35% of total arrival delay, while the remaining major portion of it is mainly due to delay back propagation effects.

Analysis of Different Cost Functions in the Geosect Airspace Partitioning Tool

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wong, Gregory L.

2010-01-01

A new cost function representing air traffic controller workload is implemented in the Geosect airspace partitioning tool. Geosect currently uses a combination of aircraft count and dwell time to select optimal airspace partitions that balance controller workload. This is referred to as the aircraft count/dwell time hybrid cost function. The new cost function is based on Simplified Dynamic Density, a measure of different aspects of air traffic controller workload. Three sectorizations are compared. These are the current sectorization, Geosect's sectorization based on the aircraft count/dwell time hybrid cost function, and Geosect s sectorization based on the Simplified Dynamic Density cost function. Each sectorization is evaluated for maximum and average workload along with workload balance using the Simplified Dynamic Density as the workload measure. In addition, the Airspace Concept Evaluation System, a nationwide air traffic simulator, is used to determine the capacity and delay incurred by each sectorization. The sectorization resulting from the Simplified Dynamic Density cost function had a lower maximum workload measure than the other sectorizations, and the sectorization based on the combination of aircraft count and dwell time did a better job of balancing workload and balancing capacity. However, the current sectorization had the lowest average workload, highest sector capacity, and the least system delay.

78 FR 52114 - Proposed Amendment of Class E Airspace; Macon, GA

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-22

..., GA (Lat. 32[deg]41'34'' N., long. 83[deg]38'57'' W.) Macon Downtown Airport (Lat. 32[deg]49'18'' N...-0552; Airspace Docket No. 13-ASO-14] Proposed Amendment of Class E Airspace; Macon, GA AGENCY: Federal... proposes to amend Class E Airspace at Macon, GA, as the Bay Creek NDB has been decommissioned and airspace...

75 FR 30689 - Modification of Class C Airspace; Beale Air Force Base, CA

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-02

...-0367; Airspace Docket No. 10-AWA-2] RIN 2120-AA66 Modification of Class C Airspace; Beale Air Force... modifies the legal description of the Beale Air Force Base (AFB), CA, Class C airspace area by allowing the... Beale AFB Class C airspace area will be consistent with the actual hours of operation of the Beale AFB...

75 FR 42296 - Safe, Efficient Use and Preservation of the Navigable Airspace

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-21

... facilitates the aeronautical study process and has reduced the overall processing time for these cases. The... cases to be processed, particularly if additional information, via public comment period, was necessary... the permit application is not necessary. There are cases where circulating the proposal for public...

Performance Analysis of Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) and Breakdown of Anomalies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tabassum, Asma

This thesis work analyzes the performance of Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) data received from Grand Forks International Airport, detects anomalies in the data and quantifies the associated potential risk. This work also assesses severity associated anomalous data in Detect and Avoid (DAA) for Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS). The received data were raw and archived in GDL-90 format. A python module is developed to parse the raw data into readable data in a .csv file. The anomaly detection algorithm is based on Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) ADS-B performance assessment report. An extensive study is carried out on two main types of anomalies, namely dropouts and altitude deviations. A dropout is considered when the update rate exceeds three seconds. Dropouts are of different durations and have a different level of risk depending on how much time ADS-B is unavailable as the surveillance system. Altitude deviation refers to the deviation between barometric and geometric altitude. Deviation ranges from 25 feet to 600 feet have been observed. As of now, barometric altitude has been used for separation and surveillance while geometric altitude can be used in cases where barometric altitude is not available. Many UAS might not have both sensors installed on board due to size and weight constrains. There might be a chance of misinterpretation of vertical separation specially while flying in National Airspace (NAS) if the ownship UAS and intruder manned aircraft use two different altitude sources for separation standard. The characteristics and agreement between two different altitudes is investigated with a regression based approach. Multiple risk matrices are established based on the severity of the DAA well clear. ADS-B is called the Backbone of FAA Next Generation Air Transportation System, NextGen. NextGen is the series of inter-linked programs, systems, and policies that implement advanced technologies and capabilities. ADS-B utilizes the Satellite based Global Positioning System (GPS) technology to provide the pilot and the Air Traffic Control (ATC) with more information which enables an efficient navigation of aircraft in increasingly congested airspace. FAA mandated all aircraft, both manned and unmanned, be equipped with ADS-B out by the year 2020 to fly within most controlled airspace. As a fundamental component of NextGen it is crucial to understand the behavior and potential risk with ADS-B Systems.

78 FR 63860 - Amendment of Class D Airspace; Kwajalein Island, Marshall Islands, RMI

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-25

...This action amends the Kwajalein Island Class D airspace description by amending the geographic coordinates for Bucholz Army Airfield (AAF), Kwajalein Island, Marshall Islands, RMI. The Bucholz AAF geographic coordinates information was updated in the Kwajalein Island Class E airspace descriptions in 2011, but was inadvertently overlooked in the Kwajalein Island Class D airspace description. This action ensures the safety of aircraft operating in the Kwajalein Island airspace area. This is an administrative action and does not affect the operating requirements of the airspace.

Dynamic Flow Management Problems in Air Transportation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Patterson, Sarah Stock

1997-01-01

In 1995, over six hundred thousand licensed pilots flew nearly thirty-five million flights into over eighteen thousand U.S. airports, logging more than 519 billion passenger miles. Since demand for air travel has increased by more than 50% in the last decade while capacity has stagnated, congestion is a problem of undeniable practical significance. In this thesis, we will develop optimization techniques that reduce the impact of congestion on the national airspace. We start by determining the optimal release times for flights into the airspace and the optimal speed adjustment while airborne taking into account the capacitated airspace. This is called the Air Traffic Flow Management Problem (TFMP). We address the complexity, showing that it is NP-hard. We build an integer programming formulation that is quite strong as some of the proposed inequalities are facet defining for the convex hull of solutions. For practical problems, the solutions of the LP relaxation of the TFMP are very often integral. In essence, we reduce the problem to efficiently solving large scale linear programming problems. Thus, the computation times are reasonably small for large scale, practical problems involving thousands of flights. Next, we address the problem of determining how to reroute aircraft in the airspace system when faced with dynamically changing weather conditions. This is called the Air Traffic Flow Management Rerouting Problem (TFMRP) We present an integrated mathematical programming approach for the TFMRP, which utilizes several methodologies, in order to minimize delay costs. In order to address the high dimensionality, we present an aggregate model, in which we formulate the TFMRP as a multicommodity, integer, dynamic network flow problem with certain side constraints. Using Lagrangian relaxation, we generate aggregate flows that are decomposed into a collection of flight paths using a randomized rounding heuristic. This collection of paths is used in a packing integer programming formulation, the solution of which generates feasible and near-optimal routes for individual flights. The algorithm, termed the Lagrangian Generation Algorithm, is used to solve practical problems in the southwestern portion of United States in which the solutions are within 1% of the corresponding lower bounds.

Managing the integration and harmonization of national airspace for unmanned and manned systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mumm, Hans

This dissertation examines the leadership challenge created by the requirement to integrate unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) into the national airspace system (NAS). The lack of UAV-related federal rules and regulations is a primary factor prolonging this integration. This effort focuses primarily on the leadership portion of the solution and not the technological requirements. The research explores an adaptation of the complexity theory that offers a potential leadership framework for the government, industry, and academia to use for achieving the full integration of UAVs into the NAS. Due to the large number of stakeholders and the multitude of interrelated issues, a complexity-theory-leadership methodology was created and examined as a potential way to help the FAA accelerate their rule-making efforts. This dissertation focuses on United States UAV issues. The United States is one of the leaders in the unmanned systems arena, to include the first significant use of recoverable autonomous weaponized systems in combat. Issues such as airspace, airworthiness, social issues, privacy issues, regulations, and the lack of policies, procedures, or governance are universal for all countries that are active in this technology area. This qualitative dissertation makes use of the grounded theory methodology as it combines a literature review and research along with interviews with subject matter experts, and information gained from attending UAV related gatherings/discussions. The investigation uncovered significant FAA process impediments as well as some possible break through concepts that could work well with the complexity-theory-leadership methodology. Keywords: Complexity theory, leadership, change management, UAV, unmanned aerial vehicle, National Airspace, NAS, FAA, Federal Aviation Administration.

78 FR 11115 - Proposed Amendment of Class E Airspace; Atwood, KS

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-15

...-1431; Airspace Docket No. 11-ACE-24] Proposed Amendment of Class E Airspace; Atwood, KS AGENCY: Federal..., Washington, DC 20590-0001. You must identify the docket number FAA-2011-1431/Airspace Docket No. 11- ACE-24... [[Page 11116

78 FR 52109 - Proposed Amendment of Class D and E Airspace, and Establishment of Class E Airspace; Salisbury, MD

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-22

...]30'34'' W.) That airspace extending upward from the surface within 2.5 miles each side of a 133[deg...-Ocean City Wicomico Regional Airport, MD (Lat. 38[deg]20'25'' N., long. 75[deg]30'34'' W.) That airspace... (Lat. 38[deg]20'25'' N., long. 75[deg]30'34'' W.) That airspace extending upward from the surface...