Sample records for effluent control system

  1. 40 CFR 420.23 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... wet air pollution control system. The following table presents BAT limitations for sintering operations with wet air pollution control systems: Subpart B—Effluent Limitations (BAT) Regulated parameter... water is co-treated with ironmaking wastewater. 3 Applicable only when sintering process wastewater is...

  2. 40 CFR 420.23 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... wet air pollution control system. The following table presents BAT limitations for sintering operations with wet air pollution control systems: Subpart B—Effluent Limitations (BAT) Regulated parameter... water is co-treated with ironmaking wastewater. 3 Applicable only when sintering process wastewater is...

  3. Oil content Monitor/Control system and method

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Schmitt, R. F.; Gavin, J. A.; Kempel, F. D.; Waltrick, C. N.

    1985-07-01

    This patent application discloses an oil content monitor/control unit system which is configured to automatically monitor and control processed effluent from an associated oil/water separator so that if the processed effluent exceeds predetermined in-port or at-sea oil concentration limits, it is either recirculated to an associated oil/water separator via a ship's bilge for additional processing, or diverted to a holding tank for storage. On the other hand, if the oil concentration of the processed effluent is less than determined in-port or at-sea limits, it is discharged overboard.

  4. Trace levels of sewage effluent are sufficient to increase class 1 integron prevalence in freshwater biofilms without changing the core community.

    PubMed

    Lehmann, Katja; Bell, Thomas; Bowes, Michael J; Amos, Gregory C A; Gaze, Will H; Wellington, Elizabeth M H; Singer, Andrew C

    2016-12-01

    Most river systems are impacted by sewage effluent. It remains unclear if there is a lower threshold to the concentration of sewage effluent that can significantly change the structure of the microbial community and its mobile genetic elements in a natural river biofilm. We used novel in situ mesocosms to conduct replicated experiments to study how the addition of low-level concentrations of sewage effluent (nominally 2.5 ppm) affects river biofilms in two contrasting Chalk river systems, the Rivers Kennet and Lambourn (high/low sewage impact, respectively). 16S sequencing and qPCR showed that community composition was not significantly changed by the sewage effluent addition, but class 1 integron prevalence (Lambourn control 0.07% (SE ± 0.01), Lambourn sewage effluent 0.11% (SE ± 0.006), Kennet control 0.56% (SE ± 0.01), Kennet sewage effluent 1.28% (SE ± 0.16)) was significantly greater in the communities exposed to sewage effluent than in the control flumes (ANOVA, F = 5.11, p = 0.045) in both rivers. Furthermore, the difference in integron prevalence between the Kennet control (no sewage effluent addition) and Kennet sewage-treated samples was proportionally greater than the difference in prevalence between the Lambourn control and sewage-treated samples (ANOVA (interaction between treatment and river), F = 6.42, p = 0.028). Mechanisms that lead to such differences could include macronutrient/biofilm or phage/bacteria interactions. Our findings highlight the role that low-level exposure to complex polluting mixtures such as sewage effluent can play in the spread of antibiotic resistance genes. The results also highlight that certain conditions, such as macronutrient load, might accelerate spread of antibiotic resistance genes. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

  5. An Oil/Water disperser device for use in an oil content Monitor/Control system

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kempel, F. D.

    1985-07-01

    This patent application discloses an oil content monitor/control unit system, including an oil/water disperser device, which is configured to automatically monitor and control processed effluent from an associated oil/water separator so that if the processed effluent exceeds predetermine in-port or at-sea oil concentration lmits, it is either recirculated to an associated oil/water separator via a ship's bilge for additional processing, or diverted to a holding tank for storage. On the other hand, if the oil concentration of the processed effluent is less than predetermine in-port or at-sea limits, it is discharged overboard. The oil/water disperser device is configured to break up any oil present in the processed effluent into uniform droplets for more accurate sensing of the oil present in the processed effluent into uniform droplets for more accurate sensing of the oil-in-water concentration level thereof. The oil/water disperser device has a flow-actuated variable orifice configured into a spring-loaded polyethylene plunger which provides the uniform distribution of oil droplets.

  6. Efficacy of Allium cepa test system for screening cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of industrial effluents originated from different industrial activities.

    PubMed

    Pathiratne, Asoka; Hemachandra, Chamini K; De Silva, Nimal

    2015-12-01

    Efficacy of Allium cepa test system for screening cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of treated effluents originated from four types of industrial activities (two textile industries, three rubber based industries, two common treatment plants of industrial zones, and two water treatment plants) was assessed. Physico-chemical parameters including the heavy metal/metalloid levels of the effluents varied depending on the industry profile, but most of the measured parameters in the effluents were within the specified tolerance limits of Sri Lankan environmental regulations for discharge of industrial effluents into inland surface waters. In the A. cepa test system, the undiluted effluents induced statistically significant root growth retardation, mitosis depression, and chromosomal aberrations in root meristematic cells in most cases in comparison to the dilution water and upstream water signifying effluent induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. Ethyl methane sulphonate (a mutagen, positive control) and all the effluents under 1:8 dilution significantly induced total chromosomal aberrations in root meristematic cells in comparison to the dilution water and upstream water indicating inadequacy of expected 1:8 dilutions in the receiving waters for curtailing genotoxic impacts. The results support the use of a practically feasible A. cepa test system for rapid screening of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of diverse industrial effluents discharging into inland surface waters.

  7. Pollution control of industrial wastewater from soap and oil industries: a case study.

    PubMed

    Abdel-Gawad, S; Abdel-Shafy, M

    2002-01-01

    Industrial wastewater from soap and oil industries represents a heavy pollution source on their receiving water body. This paper studies a case of pollution control at Tanta Soap and Oil Company, Banha Factory, Egypt. The factory production includes soap, edible oil, and animal fodder. About 4,347 m3/day of industrial wastewater effluent was discharged via gravity sewers to the public sewerage system. Most of the effluent was cooling water because the cooling process in the factory was open circle. In spite of the huge quantity of cooling water being disposed of, disposal of wastewater was violating pertinent legislation. Three procedures were used for controlling the pollution at the Banha Factory. Firstly, all open circuit cooling systems were converted to closed circuit thus reducing the quantity of the discharged wastewater down to 767 m3/day. Secondly, the heavily polluted oil and grease (O&G) wastewater from the refinery unit is treated via two gravity oil separator (GOS) units, dissolved air floatation (DAF), and biological units in order to reduce the high levels of O&G, BOD, COD, and SS to the allowable limits. Thirdly, the heavily polluted waste effluent from the 'red water' saponification unit is treated separately by acidification to convert the emulsified fatty acid to free form in order to be separated through an oil separation unit. The effluent is then passed to liming stage to neutralize excess acidity and precipitate some of the dissolved matters. The mixture is finally clarified and the pH is adjusted to the allowable limits. The effluent wastewater from the three processes is collected and mixed in a final equalization tank for discharging effluent to the public sewerage system. The characteristics of the effluent water are very good with respect to the allowable Egyptian limits for discharging effluent to the public sewerage system.

  8. 40 CFR 420.12 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... best practicable control technology currently available. (a) By-product cokemaking—iron and steel... for by-product coke plants which have wet desulfurization systems but only to the extent such systems... limitations, are allowed for by-product coke plants which include indirect ammonia recovery systems but only...

  9. Effluent migration from septic tank systems in two different lithologies, Broward County, Florida

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Waller, B.G.; Howie, Barbara; Causaras, C.R.

    1987-01-01

    Two septic tank test sites, one in sand and one in limestone, in Broward County, Florida, were analyzed for effluent migration. Groundwater from shallow wells, both in background areas and hydraulically down-gradient of the septic tank system, was sampled during a 16-month period from April 1983 through August 1984. Water quality indicators were used to determine the effluent affected zone near the septic tank systems. Specific conductance levels and concentrations of chloride, sulfate, ammonium, and nitrate indicated effluent movement primarily in a vertical direction with abrupt dilution as it moved down-gradient. Effluent was detected in the sand to a depth more than 20 ft below the septic tank outlet, but was diluted to near background conditions 50 ft down-gradient from the tank. Effluent in the limestone was detected in all three observation wells to depths exceeding 25 ft below the septic tank outlet and was diluted, but still detectable, 40 ft down-gradient. The primary controls on effluent movement from septic tank systems in Broward County are the lithology and layering of the geologic materials, hydraulic gradients, and the volume and type of use the system receives. (Author 's abstract)

  10. 40 CFR 451.21 - Effluent limitations attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS... as video cameras, digital scanning sonar, and upweller systems; monitoring of sediment quality...

  11. 40 CFR 451.21 - Effluent limitations attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS... as video cameras, digital scanning sonar, and upweller systems; monitoring of sediment quality...

  12. 40 CFR 451.21 - Effluent limitations attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS... as video cameras, digital scanning sonar, and upweller systems; monitoring of sediment quality...

  13. Controlled decomposition and oxidation: A treatment method for gaseous process effluents

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Mckinley, Roger J. B., Sr.

    1990-01-01

    The safe disposal of effluent gases produced by the electronics industry deserves special attention. Due to the hazardous nature of many of the materials used, it is essential to control and treat the reactants and reactant by-products as they are exhausted from the process tool and prior to their release into the manufacturing facility's exhaust system and the atmosphere. Controlled decomposition and oxidation (CDO) is one method of treating effluent gases from thin film deposition processes. CDO equipment applications, field experience, and results of the use of CDO equipment and technological advances gained from the field experiences are discussed.

  14. Utilization of artificial recharged effluent as makeup water for industrial cooling system: corrosion and scaling.

    PubMed

    Wei, Liangliang; Qin, Kena; Zhao, Qingliang; Noguera, Daniel R; Xin, Ming; Liu, Chengcai; Keene, Natalie; Wang, Kun; Cui, Fuyi

    2016-01-01

    The secondary effluent from wastewater treatment plants was reused for industrial cooling water after pre-treatment with a laboratory-scale soil aquifer treatment (SAT) system. Up to a 95.3% removal efficiency for suspended solids (SS), 51.4% for chemical oxygen demand (COD), 32.1% for Cl(-) and 30.0% SO4(2-) were observed for the recharged secondary effluent after the SAT operation, which is essential for controlling scaling and corrosion during the cooling process. As compared to the secondary effluent, the reuse of the 1.5 m depth SAT effluent decreased the corrosion by 75.0%, in addition to a 55.1% decline of the scales/biofouling formation (with a compacted structure). The experimental results can satisfy the Chinese criterion of Design Criterion of the Industrial Circulating Cooling Water Treatment (GB 50050-95), and was more efficient than tertiary effluent which coagulated with ferric chloride. In addition, chemical structure of the scales/biofouling obtained from the cooling system was analyzed.

  15. Framework Design and Influencing Factor Analysis of a Water Environmental Functional Zone-Based Effluent Trading System.

    PubMed

    Chen, Lei; Han, Zhaoxing; Li, Shuang; Shen, Zhenyao

    2016-10-01

    The efficacy of traditional effluent trading systems is questionable due to their neglect of seasonal hydrological variation and the creation of upstream hot spots within a watershed. Besides, few studies have been conducted to distinguish the impacts of each influencing factor on effluent trading systems outputs. In this study, a water environmental functional zone-based effluent trading systems framework was configured and a comprehensive analysis of its influencing factors was conducted. This proposed water environmental functional zone-based effluent trading systems was then applied for the control of chemical oxygen demand in the Beiyun River watershed, Beijing, China. Optimal trading results highlighted the integration of water quality constraints and different hydrological seasons, especially for downstream dischargers. The optimal trading of each discharger, in terms of pollutant reduction load and abatement cost, is greatly influenced by environmental and political factors such as background water quality, the location of river assessment points, and tradable discharge permits. In addition, the initial permit allowance has little influence on the market as a whole but does impact the individual discharger. These results provide information that is critical to understanding the impact of policy design on the functionality of an effluent trading systems.

  16. Framework Design and Influencing Factor Analysis of a Water Environmental Functional Zone-Based Effluent Trading System

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chen, Lei; Han, Zhaoxing; Li, Shuang; Shen, Zhenyao

    2016-10-01

    The efficacy of traditional effluent trading systems is questionable due to their neglect of seasonal hydrological variation and the creation of upstream hot spots within a watershed. Besides, few studies have been conducted to distinguish the impacts of each influencing factor on effluent trading systems outputs. In this study, a water environmental functional zone-based effluent trading systems framework was configured and a comprehensive analysis of its influencing factors was conducted. This proposed water environmental functional zone-based effluent trading systems was then applied for the control of chemical oxygen demand in the Beiyun River watershed, Beijing, China. Optimal trading results highlighted the integration of water quality constraints and different hydrological seasons, especially for downstream dischargers. The optimal trading of each discharger, in terms of pollutant reduction load and abatement cost, is greatly influenced by environmental and political factors such as background water quality, the location of river assessment points, and tradable discharge permits. In addition, the initial permit allowance has little influence on the market as a whole but does impact the individual discharger. These results provide information that is critical to understanding the impact of policy design on the functionality of an effluent trading systems.

  17. 40 CFR 420.13 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... exceed 13.3 per cent of the above limitations, shall be provided for process wastewaters from coke oven... (except those from coal charging and coke pushing emission controls), coal tar processing operations and coke plant groundwater remediation systems, but only to the extent such systems generate process...

  18. 40 CFR 420.13 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... exceed 13.3 per cent of the above limitations, shall be provided for process wastewaters from coke oven... (except those from coal charging and coke pushing emission controls), coal tar processing operations and coke plant groundwater remediation systems, but only to the extent such systems generate process...

  19. Hydroponics reducing effluent's heavy metals discharge.

    PubMed

    Rababah, Abdellah; Al-Shuha, Ahmad

    2009-01-01

    This paper investigates the capacity of Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) to control effluent's heavy metals discharge. A commercial hydroponic system was adapted to irrigate lettuces with primary treated wastewater for studying the potential heavy metals removal. A second commercial hydroponic system was used to irrigate the same type of lettuces with nutrient solution and this system was used as a control. Results showed that lettuces grew well when irrigated with primary treated effluent in the commercial hydroponic system. The NFT-plant system heavy metals removal efficiency varied amongst the different elements, The system's removal efficiency for Cr was more than 92%, Ni more than 85%, in addition to more than 60% reduction of B, Pb, and Zn. Nonetheless, the NFT-plants system removal efficiencies for As, Cd and Cu were lower than 30%. Results show that lettuces accumulated heavy metals in leaves at concentrations higher than the maximum acceptable European and Australian levels. Therefore, non-edible plants such as flowers or pyrethrum are recommended as value added crops for the proposed NFT.

  20. Formation of nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) during chlorine disinfection of wastewater effluents prior to use in irrigation systems.

    PubMed

    Pehlivanoglu-Mantas, Elif; Hawley, Elisabeth L; Deeb, Rula A; Sedlak, David L

    2006-01-01

    The probable human carcinogen nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) is produced when wastewater effluent is disinfected with chlorine. In systems where wastewater effluent is used for landscape or crop irrigation, relatively high chlorine doses (i.e., up to 2,000,mg-min/L) are often used to ensure adequate disinfection and to minimize biofouling in the irrigation system. To assess the formation of NDMA in such systems, samples were collected from several locations in full-scale wastewater treatment systems and their associated irrigation systems. Up to 460 ng/L of NDMA was produced in full-scale systems in which chloramines were formed when wastewater effluent was disinfected with chlorine in the presence of ammonia. Less than 20 ng/L of NDMA was produced in systems that used free chlorine (i.e., HOCl/OCl(-)) for disinfection in the absence of ammonia. The production of NDMA in ammonia-containing systems was correlated with the concentration of NDMA precursors in the wastewater effluent and the overall dose of chlorine applied. Much of the NDMA formation occurred in chlorine contact basins or in storage basins where water that contained chloramines was held after disinfection. When landscape or crop irrigation is practiced with ammonia-containing wastewater effluent, NDMA production can be controlled by use of lower chlorine doses or by application of alternative disinfectants.

  1. A comparison of the suitability of different willow varieties to treat on-site wastewater effluent in an Irish climate.

    PubMed

    Curneen, S J; Gill, L W

    2014-01-15

    Short rotation coppiced willow trees can be used to treat on-site wastewater effluent with the advantage that, if planted in a sealed basin and sized correctly, they produce no effluent discharge. This paper has investigated the evapotranspiration rate of four different willow varieties while also monitoring the effects of three different effluent types on each variety. The willow varieties used are all cultivars of Salix viminalis. The effluents applied were primary (septic tank) effluent, secondary treated effluent and rain water (control). The results obtained showed that the addition of effluent had a positive effect on the evapotranspiration. The willows were also found to uptake a high proportion of the nitrogen and phosphorus from the primary and secondary treated effluents added during the first year. The effect of the different effluents on the evapotranspiration rate has been used to design ten full scale on-site treatment systems which are now being monitored. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  2. Microbial control of hydrogen sulfide production

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Montgomery, A.D.; Bhupathiraju, V.K.; Wofford, N.

    1995-12-31

    A sulfide-resistant strain of Thiobacillus denitrificans, strain F, prevented the accumulation of sulfide by Desulfovibrio desulfuricans when both organisms were grown in liquid medium. The wild-type strain of T. denitrificans did not prevent the accumulation of sulfide produced by D. desulfuricans. Strain F also prevented the accumulation of sulfide by a mixed population of sulfate-reducing bacteria enriched from an oil field brine. Fermentation balances showed that strain F stoichiometrically oxidized the sulfide produced by D. desulfuricans and the oil field brine enrichment to sulfate. The ability of a strain F to control sulfide production in an experimental system of coresmore » and formation water from the Redfield, Iowa, natural gas storage facility was also investigated. A stable, sulfide-producing biofilm was established in two separate core systems, one of which was inoculated with strain F while the other core system (control) was treated in an identical manner, but was not inoculated with strain F. When formation water with 10 mM acetate and 5 mM nitrate was injected into both core systems, the effluent sulfide concentrations in the control core system ranged from 200 to 460 {mu}M. In the test core system inoculated with strain F, the effluent sulfide concentrations were lower, ranging from 70 to 110 {mu}M. In order to determine whether strain F could control sulfide production under optimal conditions for sulfate-reducing bacteria, the electron donor was changed to lactate and inorganic nutrients (nitrogen and phosphate sources) were added to the formation water. When nutrient-supplemented formation water with 3.1 mM lactate and 10 mM nitrate was used, the effluent sulfide concentrations of the control core system initially increased to about 3,800 {mu}M, and then decreased to about 1,100 {mu}M after 5 weeks. However, in the test core system inoculated with strain F, the effluent sulfide concentrations were much lower, 160 to 330 {mu}M.« less

  3. Hydroponic system for the treatment of anaerobic liquid.

    PubMed

    Krishnasamy, K; Nair, J; Bäuml, B

    2012-01-01

    The effluent from anaerobic digestion process has high concentrations of nutrients, particularly nitrogen, essential for plant growth but is not suitable for direct disposal or application due to high chemical oxygen demand (COD), low dissolved oxygen (DO), odour issues and is potentially phytotoxic. This research explored the optimum conditions of anaerobic effluent for application and dilutions of the effluent required to obtain better plant growth. A small-scale hydroponic system was constructed in a glasshouse to test different concentrations of anaerobic effluent against a commercial hydroponic medium as the control for the growth of silverbeet. It was found that the survival of silverbeet was negatively affected at 50% concentration due to low DO and NH(4) toxicity. The concentration of 20% anaerobic liquid was found to be the most efficient with highest foliage yield and plant growth. The hydroponic system with 20% concentrated effluent had better utilisation of nutrients for plant growth and a COD reduction of 95% was achieved during the 50-day growth period. This preliminary evaluation revealed that the growth and development of silverbeet was significantly lower in anaerobic effluent compared with a commercial hydroponic plant growth solution. The nutrient quality of anaerobic effluent could be highly variable with the process and the waste material used and dilution may depend on the nutrient content of the effluent. It is recommended that, a pre-treatment of the effluent to increase DO and reduce ammonium content is required before plant application, and simple dilution by itself is not suitable for optimum plant growth in a hydroponic system.

  4. A robust simulation-optimization modeling system for effluent trading--a case study of nonpoint source pollution control.

    PubMed

    Zhang, J L; Li, Y P; Huang, G H

    2014-04-01

    In this study, a robust simulation-optimization modeling system (RSOMS) is developed for supporting agricultural nonpoint source (NPS) effluent trading planning. The RSOMS can enhance effluent trading through incorporation of a distributed simulation model and an optimization model within its framework. The modeling system not only can handle uncertainties expressed as probability density functions and interval values but also deal with the variability of the second-stage costs that are above the expected level as well as capture the notion of risk under high-variability situations. A case study is conducted for mitigating agricultural NPS pollution with an effluent trading program in Xiangxi watershed. Compared with non-trading policy, trading scheme can successfully mitigate agricultural NPS pollution with an increased system benefit. Through trading scheme, [213.7, 288.8] × 10(3) kg of TN and [11.8, 30.2] × 10(3) kg of TP emissions from cropped area can be cut down during the planning horizon. The results can help identify desired effluent trading schemes for water quality management with the tradeoff between the system benefit and reliability being balanced and risk aversion being considered.

  5. Effects of pH control and concentration on microbial oil production from Chlorella vulgaris cultivated in the effluent of a low-cost organic waste fermentation system producing volatile fatty acids.

    PubMed

    Cho, Hyun Uk; Kim, Young Mo; Choi, Yun-Nam; Xu, Xu; Shin, Dong Yun; Park, Jong Moon

    2015-05-01

    The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of applying volatile fatty acids (VFAs) produced from low-cost organic waste to the major carbon sources of microalgae cultivation for highly efficient biofuel production. An integrated process that consists of a sewage sludge fermentation system producing VFAs (SSFV) and mixotrophic cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) was operated to produce microbial lipids economically. The effluents from the SSFV diluted to different concentrations at the level of 100%, 50%, and 15% were prepared for the C. vulgaris cultivation and the highest biomass productivity (433±11.9 mg/L/d) was achieved in the 100% culture controlling pH at 7.0. The harvested biomass included lipid contents ranging from 12.87% to 20.01% under the three different effluent concentrations with and without pH control. The composition of fatty acids from C. vulgaris grown on the effluents from the SSFV complied with the requirements of high-quality biodiesel. These results demonstrated that VFAs produced from the SSFV are favorable carbon sources for cultivating C. vulgaris. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  6. 40 CFR 440.102 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology...

  7. 40 CFR 440.82 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology...

  8. 40 CFR 440.82 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology...

  9. 40 CFR 408.202 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control... the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control... effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently...

  10. 40 CFR 408.172 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control... representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control... effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently...

  11. 40 CFR 408.172 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control... representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control... effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently...

  12. 40 CFR 408.162 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control... representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control... effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently...

  13. 40 CFR 408.202 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control... the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control... effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently...

  14. 40 CFR 408.312 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control... representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control... effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently...

  15. 40 CFR 408.162 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control... representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control... effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently...

  16. 40 CFR 408.312 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control... representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control... effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently...

  17. 40 CFR 408.162 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control... representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control... effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently...

  18. 40 CFR 408.202 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control... the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control... effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently...

  19. 40 CFR 408.312 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control... representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control... effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently...

  20. 40 CFR 408.312 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control... representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control... effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently...

  1. 40 CFR 408.172 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control... representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control... effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently...

  2. 40 CFR 408.202 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control... the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control... effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently...

  3. 40 CFR 408.202 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control... the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control... effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently...

  4. 40 CFR 408.312 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control... representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control... effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently...

  5. The role and control of sludge age in biological nutrient removal activated sludge systems.

    PubMed

    Ekama, G A

    2010-01-01

    The sludge age is the most fundamental and important parameter in the design, operation and control of biological nutrient removal (BNR) activated sludge (AS) systems. Generally, the better the effluent and waste sludge quality required from the system, the longer the sludge age, the larger the biological reactor and the more wastewater characteristics need to be known. Controlling the reactor concentration does not control sludge age, only the mass of sludge in the system. When nitrification is a requirement, sludge age control becomes a requirement and the secondary settling tanks can no longer serve the dual purpose of clarifier and waste activated sludge thickeners. The easiest and most practical way to control sludge age is with hydraulic control by wasting a defined proportion of the reactor volume daily. In AS plants with reactor concentration control, nitrification fails first. With hydraulic control of sludge age, nitrification will not fail, rather the plant fails by shedding solids over the secondary settling tank effluent weirs.

  6. Improvement of the Performance of an Electrocoagulation Process System Using Fuzzy Control of pH.

    PubMed

    Demirci, Yavuz; Pekel, Lutfiye Canan; Altinten, Ayla; Alpbaz, Mustafa

    2015-12-01

    The removal efficiencies of electrocoagulation (EC) systems are highly dependent on the initial value of pH. If an EC system has an acidic influent, the pH of the effluent increases during the treatment process; conversely, if such a system has an alkaline influent, the pH of the effluent decreases during the treatment process. Thus, changes in the pH of the wastewater affect the efficiency of the EC process. In this study, we investigated the dynamic effects of pH. To evaluate approaches for preventing increases in the pH of the system, the MATLAB/Simulink program was used to develop and evaluate an on-line computer-based system for pH control. The aim of this work was to study Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control and fuzzy control of the pH of a real textile wastewater purification process using EC. The performances and dynamic behaviors of these two control systems were evaluated based on determinations of COD, colour, and turbidity removal efficiencies.

  7. Implementing the NPDES program: An update on the WET ...

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    The U.S. EPA has utilized the Clean Water Act - National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permitting program to protect waters of the U.S for over 40 years. NPDES permit effluent limitations serve as the primary mechanism for controlling discharges of pollutants to receiving waters. When developing effluent limitations for an NPDES permit, a permit writer must consider limits based on both the technology available to control the pollutants (i.e., technology-based effluent limits) and limits that are protective of the water quality standards of the receiving water (i.e., water quality-based effluent limits). WET testing is one of the water quality-based effluent limitation mechanisms available to permit writers that is useful in determining how the additive, synergistic and compounding effects of toxic effluents effect streams. This presentation will provide an overview of the current EPA NPDES permit program direction for increasing the efficacy of NPDES permits program administered by the U.S. EPA and States. The training implementation plan is expected to provide permit writers with a clearer understanding of WET requirements as established via the U.S. EPA WET test manuals, NPDES permitting regulatory authorities, and the WET science which has been long established. not applicable

  8. Control of dissolved CH4 in a municipal UASB reactor effluent by means of a desorption - Biofiltration arrangement.

    PubMed

    Huete, A; de Los Cobos-Vasconcelos, D; Gómez-Borraz, T; Morgan-Sagastume, J M; Noyola, A

    2018-06-15

    The direct anaerobic treatment of municipal wastewater represents an adapted technology to the conditions of developing countries. In order to get an increased acceptance of this technology, a proper control of dissolved methane in the anaerobic effluents should be considered, as methane is a potent greenhouse gas. In this study, a pilot-scale system was operated for 168 days to recover dissolved methane from an effluent of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor and then oxidize it in a compost biofilter. The system operated at a constant air (0.9 m 3 /h ±0.09) and two air-to anaerobic effluent ratio (1:1 and 1:2). In both conditions (CH 4 concentration of 2.7 ± 0.87 and 4.3% ± 1.14, respectively) the desorption column recovered 99% of the dissolved CH 4 and approximately 30% ± 8.5 of H 2 S, whose desorption was limited due to the high pH (>8) of the effluent. The biofilter removed 70% ± 8 of the average CH 4 load (60 gCH 4 /m 3 h ± 13) and 100% of the H 2 S load at an empty bed retention time of 23 min. The average temperature inside the biofilter was 42 ± 9 °C due to the CH 4 oxidation reaction, indicating that temperature and moisture control is particularly important for CH 4 removal in compost biofilters. The system may achieve a 54% reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from dissolved CH 4 in this particular case. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  9. Feedforward-feedback control of dissolved oxygen concentration in a predenitrification system.

    PubMed

    Yong, Ma; Yongzhen, Peng; Shuying, Wang

    2005-07-01

    As the largest single energy-consuming component in most biological wastewater treatment systems, aeration control is of great interest from the point of view of saving energy and improving wastewater treatment plant efficiency. In this paper, three different strategies, including conventional constant dissolved oxygen (DO) set-point control, cascade DO set-point control, and feedforward-feedback DO set-point control were evaluated using the denitrification layout of the IWA simulation benchmark. Simulation studies showed that the feedforward-feedback DO set-point control strategy was better than the other control strategies at meeting the effluent standards and reducing operational costs. The control strategy works primarily by feedforward control based on an ammonium sensor located at the head of the aerobic process. It has an important advantage over effluent measurements in that there is no (or only a very short) time delay for information; feedforward control was combined with slow feedback control to compensate for model approximations. The feedforward-feedback DO control was implemented in a lab-scale wastewater treatment plant for a period of 60 days. Compared to operation with constant DO concentration, the required airflow could be reduced by up to 8-15% by employing the feedforward-feedback DO-control strategy, and the effluent ammonia concentration could be reduced by up to 15-25%. This control strategy can be expected to be accepted by the operating personnel in wastewater treatment plants.

  10. 40 CFR 420.137 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best control technology for... AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS IRON AND STEEL MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY... effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best control technology for conventional pollutants...

  11. 40 CFR 440.142 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... Placer Mine Subcategory § 440.142 Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT). Except as...

  12. 40 CFR 440.142 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... Placer Mine Subcategory § 440.142 Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT). Except as...

  13. 40 CFR 440.142 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... Placer Mine Subcategory § 440.142 Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT). Except as...

  14. 40 CFR 463.12 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control... AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS PLASTICS MOLDING AND FORMING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology...

  15. 40 CFR 430.112 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently... reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT...

  16. 40 CFR 408.292 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT...

  17. 40 CFR 408.292 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT...

  18. 40 CFR 408.292 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT...

  19. 40 CFR 408.292 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT...

  20. 40 CFR 408.292 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT...

  1. 40 CFR 430.112 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently... reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT...

  2. Assessment of the disinfection capacity and eco-toxicological impact of atmospheric cold plasma for treatment of food industry effluents.

    PubMed

    Patange, Apurva; Boehm, Daniela; Giltrap, Michelle; Lu, Peng; Cullen, P J; Bourke, Paula

    2018-08-01

    Generation of wastewater is one of the main environmental sustainability issues across food sector industries. The constituents of food process effluents are often complex and require high energy and processing for regulatory compliance. Wastewater streams are the subject of microbiological and chemical criteria, and can have a significant eco-toxicological impact on the aquatic life. Thus, innovative treatment approaches are required to mitigate environmental impact in an energy efficient manner. Here, dielectric barrier discharge atmospheric cold plasma (ACP) was evaluated for control of key microbial indicators encountered in food industry effluent. This study also investigated the eco-toxicological impact of cold plasma treatment of the effluents using a range of aquatic bioassays. Continuous ACP treatment was applied to synthetic dairy and meat effluents. Microbial inactivation showed treatment time dependence with significant reduction in microbial populations within 120 s, and to undetectable levels after 300 s. Post treatment retention time emerged as critical control parameter which promoted ACP bacterial inactivation efficiency. Moreover, ACP treatment for 20 min achieved significant reduction (≥2 Log 10 ) in Bacillus megaterium endospores in wastewater effluent. Acute aquatic toxicity was assessed using two fish cell lines (PLHC-1 and RTG-2) and a crustacean model (Daphnia magna). Untreated effluents were toxic to the aquatic models, however, plasma treatment limited the toxic effects. Differing sensitivities were observed to ACP treated effluents across the different test bio-assays in the following order: PLHC-1 > RTG-2 ≥ D. magna; with greater sensitivity retained to plasma treated meat effluent than dairy effluent. The toxic effects were dependent on concentration and treatment time of the ACP treated effluent; with 30% cytotoxicity in D. magna and fish cells observed after 24 h of exposure to ACP treated effluent for concentrations up to 5%. The findings suggest the need to employ wider variety of aquatic organisms for better understanding and complete toxicity evaluation of long-term effects. The study demonstrates the potential to tailor ACP system parameters to control pertinent microbial targets (mono/poly-microbial, vegetative or spore form) found in complex and nutritious wastewater effluents whilst maintaining a safe eco-toxicity profile for aquatic species. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  3. 40 CFR 469.19 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best conventional pollution control... application of the best conventional pollution control technology (BCT). Except as provided in 40 CFR 125.30... conventional pollution control technology (BCT): Subpart A—Semiconductor BCT Effluent Limitations Pollutant or...

  4. Improving the efficiency of dissolved oxygen control using an on-line control system based on a genetic algorithm evolving FWNN software sensor.

    PubMed

    Ruan, Jujun; Zhang, Chao; Li, Ya; Li, Peiyi; Yang, Zaizhi; Chen, Xiaohong; Huang, Mingzhi; Zhang, Tao

    2017-02-01

    This work proposes an on-line hybrid intelligent control system based on a genetic algorithm (GA) evolving fuzzy wavelet neural network software sensor to control dissolved oxygen (DO) in an anaerobic/anoxic/oxic process for treating papermaking wastewater. With the self-learning and memory abilities of neural network, handling the uncertainty capacity of fuzzy logic, analyzing local detail superiority of wavelet transform and global search of GA, this proposed control system can extract the dynamic behavior and complex interrelationships between various operation variables. The results indicate that the reasonable forecasting and control performances were achieved with optimal DO, and the effluent quality was stable at and below the desired values in real time. Our proposed hybrid approach proved to be a robust and effective DO control tool, attaining not only adequate effluent quality but also minimizing the demand for energy, and is easily integrated into a global monitoring system for purposes of cost management. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  5. Impact of industrial effluents on the biochemical composition of fresh water fish Labeo rohita.

    PubMed

    Muley, D V; Karanjkar, D M; Maske, S V

    2007-04-01

    In acute toxicity (96 hr) experiment the fingerlings of freshwater fish Labeo rohita was exposed to tannery, electroplating and textile mill effluents. The LC0 and LC50 concentrations were 15% and 20% for tannery effluents, 3% and 6% for electroplating effluents and 18% and 22% for textile mill effluents respectively. It was found that, electroplating effluent was more toxic than tannery and textile mill wastes. After acute toxicity experiments for different industrial effluents, various tissues viz. gill, liver, muscle and kidney were obtained separately from control, LC0 and LC50 groups. These tissues were used for biochemical estimations. The glycogen content in all the tissues decreased considerably upon acute toxicity of three industrial effluents except muscle in LC50 group of tannery effluent and kidney in LC50 group of textile mill effluent, when compared to control group. The total protein content decreased in all tissues in three effluents except gills in LC50 group of tannery effluent, kidney in LC50 group of electroplating effluent and kidney in LC0 group of textile mill effluent. In general total lipid content decreased in all tissues after acute exposure when compared to control group. The results obtained in the present study showed that, the industrial effluents from tannery, electroplating and textile mills caused marked depletion in biochemical composition in various tissues of the fish Labeo rohita after acute exposure.

  6. 40 CFR 455.63 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... control technology (BCT). 455.63 Section 455.63 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS PESTICIDE CHEMICALS Repackaging of Agricultural Pesticides... effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best conventional pollutant control technology (BCT...

  7. 40 CFR 455.62 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... control technology (BPT). 455.62 Section 455.62 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS PESTICIDE CHEMICALS Repackaging of Agricultural Pesticides... effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable pollutant control technology (BPT...

  8. 40 CFR 469.24 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS POINT SOURCE CATEGORY... attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT). Except as...

  9. 40 CFR 469.14 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS POINT SOURCE CATEGORY... by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT). Except as...

  10. 40 CFR 415.432 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... technology currently available (BPT). 415.432 Section 415.432 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently...

  11. 40 CFR 415.272 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... technology currently available (BPT). 415.272 Section 415.272 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently...

  12. 40 CFR 415.292 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... technology currently available (BPT). 415.292 Section 415.292 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently...

  13. 40 CFR 429.51 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... application of the best practicable control technology (BPT): There shall be no discharge of process... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS TIMBER PRODUCTS PROCESSING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Dry Process...

  14. 40 CFR 455.33 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... control technology (BCT). [Reserved] 455.33 Section 455.33 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... Chemicals Manufacturing Subcategory § 455.33 Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best conventional pollutant control technology (BCT...

  15. 40 CFR 429.171 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS TIMBER PRODUCTS PROCESSING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Wood Furniture... best practicable control technology currently available (BPT). Except as provided in 40 CFR 125.30...

  16. 40 CFR 429.161 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS TIMBER PRODUCTS PROCESSING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Wood Furniture... application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT). Except as provided in 40 CFR...

  17. 40 CFR 410.42 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS TEXTILE MILLS POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Woven Fabric Finishing... application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT). (a) Except as provided in 40...

  18. 40 CFR 410.82 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS TEXTILE MILLS POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Nonwoven Manufacturing... application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT). Except as provided in 40 CFR...

  19. 40 CFR 410.92 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS TEXTILE MILLS POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Felted Fabric Processing... application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT). Except as provided in 40 CFR...

  20. 40 CFR 410.62 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS TEXTILE MILLS POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Carpet Finishing... application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT). (a) Except as provided in 40...

  1. 40 CFR 410.12 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS TEXTILE MILLS POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Wool Scouring Subcategory... application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT). (a) Except as provided in 40...

  2. 40 CFR 410.22 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS TEXTILE MILLS POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Wool Finishing Subcategory... application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT). (a) Except as provided in 40...

  3. 40 CFR 468.16 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best conventional pollution control... application of the best conventional pollution control technology (BCT). [Reserved] ...

  4. 40 CFR 468.16 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 29 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best conventional pollution control... application of the best conventional pollution control technology (BCT). [Reserved] ...

  5. 40 CFR 469.14 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS POINT SOURCE... reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT...

  6. 40 CFR 469.24 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS POINT SOURCE... reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT...

  7. 40 CFR 469.24 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS POINT SOURCE... reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT...

  8. 40 CFR 469.24 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS POINT SOURCE... reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT...

  9. 40 CFR 469.14 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS POINT SOURCE... reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT...

  10. 40 CFR 469.14 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS POINT SOURCE... reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT...

  11. 40 CFR 469.24 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS POINT SOURCE CATEGORY... attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT). Except as...

  12. 40 CFR 469.14 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS POINT SOURCE CATEGORY... by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT). Except as...

  13. 40 CFR 468.16 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 31 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best conventional pollution control... application of the best conventional pollution control technology (BCT). [Reserved] ...

  14. 40 CFR 468.16 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 31 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best conventional pollution control... application of the best conventional pollution control technology (BCT). [Reserved] ...

  15. 40 CFR 468.16 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best conventional pollution control... application of the best conventional pollution control technology (BCT). [Reserved] ...

  16. 40 CFR 463.32 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control... AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS PLASTICS MOLDING AND FORMING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY... reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available...

  17. 40 CFR 463.22 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control... AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS PLASTICS MOLDING AND FORMING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY... reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available...

  18. A river-scale Lagrangian experiment examining controls on phytoplankton dynamics in the presence and absence of treated wastewater effluent high in ammonium

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Kraus, Tamara; Carpenter, Kurt; Bergamaschi, Brian; Parker, Alexander; Stumpner, Elizabeth; Downing, Bryan D.; Travis, Nicole; Wilkerson, Frances; Kendall, Carol; Mussen, Timothy

    2017-01-01

    Phytoplankton are critical component of the food web in most large rivers and estuaries, and thus identifying dominant controls on phytoplankton abundance and species composition is important to scientists, managers, and policymakers. Recent studies from a variety of systems indicate that ammonium ( NH+4) in treated wastewater effluent decreases primary production and alters phytoplankton species composition. However, these findings are based mainly on laboratory and enclosure studies, which may not adequately represent natural systems. To test effects of effluent high in ammonium on phytoplankton at the ecosystem scale, we conducted whole-river–scale experiments by halting discharges to the Sacramento River from the regional wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), and used a Lagrangian approach to compare changes in phytoplankton abundance and species composition in the presence (+EFF) and absence (−EFF) of effluent. Over 5 d of downstream travel from 20 km above to 50 km below the WWTP, chlorophyll concentrations declined from 15–25 to ∼2.5 μg L−1, irrespective of effluent addition. Benthic diatoms were dominant in most samples. We found no significant difference in phytoplankton abundance or species composition between +EFF and −EFF conditions. Moreover, greatest declines in chlorophyll occurred upstream of the WWTP where NH+4 concentrations were low. Grazing by clams and zooplankton could not account for observed losses, suggesting other factors such as hydrodynamics and light limitation were responsible for phytoplankton declines. These results highlight the advantages of conducting ecosystem-scale, Lagrangian-based experiments to understand the dynamic and complex interplay between physical, chemical, and biological factors that control phytoplankton populations.

  19. Comparative analysis of effluent water quality from a municipal treatment plant and two on-site wastewater treatment systems.

    PubMed

    Garcia, Santos N; Clubbs, Rebekah L; Stanley, Jacob K; Scheffe, Brian; Yelderman, Joe C; Brooks, Bryan W

    2013-06-01

    Though decentralized on-site technologies are extensively employed for wastewater treatment around the globe, an understanding of effluent water quality impairments associated with these systems remain less understood than effluent discharges from centralized municipal wastewater treatment facilities. Using a unique experimental facility, a novel comparative analysis of effluent water quality was performed from model decentralized aerobic (ATS) and septic (STS) on-site wastewater treatment systems and a centralized municipal wastewater treatment plant (MTP). The ATS and STS units did not benefit from further soil treatment. Each system received common influent wastewater from the Waco, Texas, USA Metropolitan Area Regional Sewerage System. We tested the hypothesis that MTP effluent would exhibit higher water quality than on-site effluents, based on parameters selected for study. A tiered testing approach was employed to assess the three effluent discharges: select routine water quality parameters (Tier I), whole effluent toxicity (Tier II), and select endocrine-active compounds (Tier III). Contrary to our hypothesis, ATS effluent was not statistically different from MTP effluents, based on Tier I and III parameters, but reproductive responses of Daphnia magna were slightly more sensitive to ATS than MTP effluents. STS effluent water quality was identified as most degraded of the three wastewater treatment systems. Parameters used to assess centralized wastewater treatment plant effluent water quality such as whole effluent toxicity and endocrine active substances appear useful for water quality assessments of decentralized discharges. Aerobic on-site wastewater treatment systems may represent more robust options than traditional septic systems for on-site wastewater treatment in watersheds with appreciable groundwater - surface water exchange. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  20. 40 CFR 440.142 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS ORE MINING AND DRESSING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Gold Placer Mine... application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT). Except as provided in 40 CFR...

  1. 40 CFR 410.72 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS TEXTILE MILLS POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Stock and Yarn Finishing... application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT). (a) Except as provided in 40...

  2. 40 CFR 430.112 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... technology currently available (BPT). Except as provided in 40 CFR 125.30 through 125.32, any existing point... effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently...

  3. 40 CFR 430.112 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... technology currently available (BPT). Except as provided in 40 CFR 125.30 through 125.32, any existing point... effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently...

  4. 40 CFR 430.112 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... technology currently available (BPT). Except as provided in 40 CFR 125.30 through 125.32, any existing point... effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently...

  5. Experimental infrared measurements for hydrocarbon pollutant determination in subterranean waters

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lay-Ekuakille, A.; Palamara, I.; Caratelli, D.; Morabito, F. C.

    2013-01-01

    Subterranean waters are often polluted by industrial and anthropic effluents that are drained in subsoil. To prevent and control pollution, legislations of different developed countries require an online monitoring measurement, especially for detecting organic solvents (chlorinated and unchlorinated ones). Online measurements include both real-time and no real-time measurements. In general, it is difficult to implement real-time measurements in stricto sensu for online acquisitions on aqueous effluents since they need to be processed by a modeling. This research presents an experimental measurement system based on infrared (IR) spectroscopy for aqueous effluents containing hydrocarbons and capable of displaying excellent values of pollutant concentrations even in instable conditions; the system is able to detect pollutants either in laminar or turbulent flow. The results show the possibility of avoiding the use of "Pitot tube" that is employed to create a stagnation point in order to convert kinetic energy into potential one. This conversion allows the transformation of a turbulent flow in a laminar flow making easy measurement of pollutants included in an aqueous effluent. Obviously, "Pitot tube" is also used for other fluid effluents. The obtained results have been compared with those produced by means of sophisticated IR instrumentation for laboratory applications.

  6. Experimental infrared measurements for hydrocarbon pollutant determination in subterranean waters.

    PubMed

    Lay-Ekuakille, A; Palamara, I; Caratelli, D; Morabito, F C

    2013-01-01

    Subterranean waters are often polluted by industrial and anthropic effluents that are drained in subsoil. To prevent and control pollution, legislations of different developed countries require an online monitoring measurement, especially for detecting organic solvents (chlorinated and unchlorinated ones). Online measurements include both real-time and no real-time measurements. In general, it is difficult to implement real-time measurements in stricto sensu for online acquisitions on aqueous effluents since they need to be processed by a modeling. This research presents an experimental measurement system based on infrared (IR) spectroscopy for aqueous effluents containing hydrocarbons and capable of displaying excellent values of pollutant concentrations even in instable conditions; the system is able to detect pollutants either in laminar or turbulent flow. The results show the possibility of avoiding the use of "Pitot tube" that is employed to create a stagnation point in order to convert kinetic energy into potential one. This conversion allows the transformation of a turbulent flow in a laminar flow making easy measurement of pollutants included in an aqueous effluent. Obviously, "Pitot tube" is also used for other fluid effluents. The obtained results have been compared with those produced by means of sophisticated IR instrumentation for laboratory applications.

  7. [Effects of irrigation using dairy effluent on grain yield, phosphorus utilization and distribu- tion in soil profile in winter wheat-summer maize rotation system].

    PubMed

    Du, Hui-ying; Feng, Jie; Guo, Hai-gang; Wang, Feng; Zhang, Ke-qiang

    2015-08-01

    Field experiments of winter wheat-summer maize rotation were conducted in North China Plain irrigation area to explore the effects of wheat season irrigation with dairy effluent on grain yield, phosphorus uptake, accumulative phosphorus usage efficiency and phosphorus accumulation in soil. The results showed that the irrigation with dairy effluent significantly improved the yields of winter wheat and summer maize. With the increasing of P2O5 carried by dairy effluent into soil, winter wheat yield increased at first and then decreased. When the P2O5 increased 137 kg · hm(-2), winter wheat yield increased to the maximum (7646.4 kg · hm(-2)) and the phosphorus utilization rate was the highest (24.8%). But excessive phosphorus decreased the winter wheat yield and phosphorus utilization efficiency. Summer maize yield and phosphorus uptake increased with the increase of P2O5 carried by dairy effluent. The summer maize yield increased by 2222.4-2628.6 kg · hm(-2) and the phosphorus uptake increased by 13.9-21.1 kg · hm(-2) in contrast to the control (CK). Under conventional phosphorus fertilization at 88 kg · hm(-2), and the summer maize yield increased by 2235.0 kg · hm(-2) compared with CK. As the time of irrigation with dairy effluent increasing, the grain yield increased more significantly. The cumulative phosphorus utilization in this rotation system increased year by year. After six seasons of crop harvest, the cumulative phosphorus utilization rate increased into 40.0%-47.7%. Under the experimental condition, two times of irrigation with the dairy effluents in the winter wheat-summer maize rotation system was the best operating mode.

  8. Nutrient input from the Loxahatchee River Environmental Control District sewage-treatment plant to the Loxahatchee River Estuary, southeastern Florida

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Sonntag, W.H.; McPherson, B.F.

    1984-01-01

    Two test discharges of treated-sewage effluent were made to the Loxahatchee River in February and September 1981 from the ENCON sewage-treatment plant to document nutrient loading and downstream transport of the effluent to the estuary under maximum daily discharge allowable by law (4 million gallons per day). Concentrations of total nitrogen in the effluent exceeded background concentrations by as much as 7 times during the February test, while concentrations of total phosphorus exceeded background concentrations by as much as 112 times during the September test. The effluent was transported downstream to the estuary in less than 24 hours. Discharge of treated sewage effluent to the river-estuary system in the 1981 water year accounted for less than 0.5 percent of the total nitrogen and 8 percent of the total phosphorus discharged from the major tributaries to the estuary. If maximum discharges of effluent (4 million gallons per day) were sustained throughout the year, annual nitrogen loading from the effluent would account for 5 to 18 percent of the total nitrogen input by the major tributaries to the estuary. With maximum discharges of effluent, annual phosphorus loading would exceed the amount of phosphorus input by the major tributaries to the estuary by 54 to 167 percent. (USGS)

  9. Automatic control of the effluent turbidity from a chemically enhanced primary treatment with microsieving.

    PubMed

    Väänänen, J; Memet, S; Günther, T; Lilja, M; Cimbritz, M; la Cour Jansen, J

    2017-10-01

    For chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT) with microsieving, a feedback proportional integral controller combined with a feedforward compensator was used in large pilot scale to control effluent water turbidity to desired set points. The effluent water turbidity from the microsieve was maintained at various set points in the range 12-80 NTU basically independent for a number of studied variations in influent flow rate and influent wastewater compositions. Effluent turbidity was highly correlated with effluent chemical oxygen demand (COD). Thus, for CEPT based on microsieving, controlling the removal of COD was possible. Thereby incoming carbon can be optimally distributed between biological nitrogen removal and anaerobic digestion for biogas production. The presented method is based on common automation and control strategies; therefore fine tuning and optimization for specific requirements are simplified compared to model-based dosing control.

  10. 40 CFR 420.42 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... best practicable control technology currently available. (a) Electric arc furnace steelmaking—semi-wet... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT). Except as provided in 40 CFR...

  11. 40 CFR 445.11 - Effluent limitations attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT). 445.11 Section 445.11... attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT). Except as... the following effluent limitations which represent the application of BPT: Effluent Limitations...

  12. 40 CFR 418.77 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... conventional pollutant control technology: There shall be no discharge of process waste water pollutants to... control technology. 418.77 Section 418.77 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best conventional pollutant control technology. The...

  13. 40 CFR 434.74 - Effluent limitations attainable by application of the best conventional pollutant control...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... application of the best conventional pollutant control technology (BCT). 434.74 Section 434.74 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS COAL MINING POINT... Effluent limitations attainable by application of the best conventional pollutant control technology (BCT...

  14. 40 CFR 440.72 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT). Except as... reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT...

  15. 40 CFR 440.12 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT). Except as... reduction attainable after application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT...

  16. 40 CFR 440.22 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT). Except as provided in... application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT). The concentration of...

  17. 40 CFR 440.62 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT). Except as... reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT...

  18. 40 CFR 440.62 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT). Except as provided in... attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT): (a) The...

  19. 40 CFR 440.72 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT). Except as provided in... attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT): (a) The...

  20. 40 CFR 440.12 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT). Except as... reduction attainable after application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT...

  1. 40 CFR 440.42 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT). Except as... reduction attainable after application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT...

  2. 40 CFR 440.22 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT). Except as... attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT). The...

  3. 40 CFR 440.72 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT). Except as... reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT...

  4. 40 CFR 440.42 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT). Except as... reduction attainable after application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT...

  5. 40 CFR 440.22 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT). Except as provided in... application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT). The concentration of...

  6. 40 CFR 440.62 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT). Except as provided in... attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT): (a) The...

  7. 40 CFR 440.42 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT). Except as provided in... attainable after application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT): (a) The...

  8. 40 CFR 440.62 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT). Except as... reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT...

  9. 40 CFR 440.12 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT). Except as... reduction attainable after application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT...

  10. 40 CFR 440.22 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT). Except as... attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT). The...

  11. 40 CFR 440.72 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT). Except as provided in... attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT): (a) The...

  12. 40 CFR 440.72 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT). Except as... reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT...

  13. 40 CFR 440.42 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT). Except as... reduction attainable after application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT...

  14. 40 CFR 440.62 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT). Except as... reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT...

  15. 40 CFR 440.12 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT). Except as provided in... attainable after application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT): (a) The...

  16. 40 CFR 440.22 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT). Except as... attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT). The...

  17. 40 CFR 469.29 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best conventional pollution control... by the application of the best conventional pollution control technology (BCT). Except as provided in... of the best conventional pollution control technology (BCT): Subpart B—Electronic Crystals BCT...

  18. 40 CFR 420.42 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... best practicable control technology currently available. (a) Electric arc furnace steelmaking—semi-wet... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT). Except as provided in 40 CFR...

  19. 40 CFR 420.42 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... best practicable control technology currently available. (a) Electric arc furnace steelmaking—semi-wet... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT). Except as provided in 40 CFR...

  20. 40 CFR 420.42 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... best practicable control technology currently available. (a) Electric arc furnace steelmaking—semi-wet... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT). Except as provided in 40 CFR...

  1. 40 CFR 420.42 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... best practicable control technology currently available. (a) Electric arc furnace steelmaking—semi-wet... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT). Except as provided in 40 CFR...

  2. A simple respirogram-based approach for the management of effluent from an activated sludge system.

    PubMed

    Li, Zhi-Hua; Zhu, Yuan-Mo; Yang, Cheng-Jian; Zhang, Tian-Yu; Yu, Han-Qing

    2018-08-01

    Managing wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) based on respirometric analysis is a new and promising field. In this study, a multi-dimensional respirogram space was constructed, and an important index R es/t (ratio of in-situ respiration rate to maximum respiration rate) was derived as an alarm signal for the effluent quality control. A smaller R es/t value suggests better effluent. The critical R' es/t value used for determining whether the effluent meets the regulation depends on operational conditions, which were characterized by temperature and biomass ratio of heterotrophs to autotrophs. With given operational conditions, the critical R' es/t value can be calculated from the respirogram space and effluent conditions required by the discharge regulation, with no requirement for calibration of parameters or any additional measurements. Since it is simple, easy to use, and can be readily implemented online, this approach holds a great promise for applications. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  3. 40 CFR 424.47 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... control technology. 424.47 Section 424.47 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... Carbide Furnaces With Wet Air Pollution Control Devices Subcategory § 424.47 Effluent limitations... conventional pollutant control technology. Except as provided in §§ 125.30 through 125.32, any existing point...

  4. Comparison of aerobically-treated and untreated crop residue as a source of recycled nutrients in a recirculating hydroponic system

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Mackowiak, C. L.; Garland, J. L.; Strayer, R. F.; Finger, B. W.; Wheeler, R. M.

    1996-01-01

    This study compared the growth of potato plants on nutrients recycled from inedible potato biomass. Plants were grown for 105 days in recirculating, thin-film hydroponic systems containing four separate nutrient solution treatments: (1) modified half-strength Hoagland's (control), 2) liquid effluent from a bioreactor containing inedible potato biomass, 3) filtered (0.2 micrometer) effluent, and 4) the water soluble fraction of inedible potato biomass (leachate). Approximately 50% of the total nutrient requirement in treatments 2-4 were provided (recycled) from the potato biomass. Leachate had an inhibitory effect on leaf conductance, photosynthetic rate, and growth (50% reduction in plant height and 60% reduction in tuber yield). Plants grown on bioreactor effluent (filtered or unfiltered) were similar to the control plants. These results indicated that rapidly degraded, water soluble organic material contained in the inedible biomass, i.e., material in leachate, brought about phytotoxicity in the hydroponic culture of potato. Recalcitrant, water soluble organic material accumulated in all nutrient recycling treatments (650% increase after 105 days), but no increase in rhizosphere microbial numbers was observed.

  5. 40 CFR 434.44 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... control technology (BCT). [Reserved] 434.44 Section 434.44 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL..., BCT LIMITATIONS AND NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS Alkaline Mine Drainage § 434.44 Effluent... conventional pollutant control technology (BCT). [Reserved] ...

  6. 40 CFR 434.44 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... control technology (BCT). [Reserved] 434.44 Section 434.44 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL..., BCT LIMITATIONS AND NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS Alkaline Mine Drainage § 434.44 Effluent... conventional pollutant control technology (BCT). [Reserved] ...

  7. A systematic approach of removal mechanisms, control and optimization of silver nanoparticle in wastewater treatment plants.

    PubMed

    Vilela, Paulina; Liu, Hongbin; Lee, SeungChul; Hwangbo, Soonho; Nam, KiJeon; Yoo, ChangKyoo

    2018-08-15

    The release of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to wastewater caused by over-generation and poor treatment of the remaining nanomaterial has raised the interest of researchers. AgNPs can have a negative impact on watersheds and generate degradation of the effluent quality of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The aim of this research is to design and analyze an integrated model system for the removal of AgNPs with high effluent quality in WWTPs using a systematic approach of removal mechanisms modeling, optimization, and control of the removal of silver nanoparticles. The activated sludge model 1 was modified with the inclusion of AgNPs removal mechanisms, such as adsorption/desorption, dissolution, and inhibition of microbial organisms. Response surface methodology was performed to minimize the AgNPs and total nitrogen concentrations in the effluent by optimizing operating conditions of the system. Then, the optimal operating conditions were utilized for the implementation of control strategies into the system for further analysis of enhancement of AgNPs removal efficiency. Thus, the overall AgNP removal efficiency was found to be slightly higher than 80%, which was an improvement of almost 7% compared to the BSM1 reference value. This study provides a systematic approach to find an optimal solution for enhancing AgNP removal efficiency in WWTPs and thereby to prevent pollution in the environment. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  8. 40 CFR 426.57 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... control technology. 426.57 Section 426.57 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS GLASS MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Float Glass Manufacturing Subcategory § 426.57 Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction...

  9. 40 CFR 426.87 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... control technology. 426.87 Section 426.87 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS GLASS MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Glass Container Manufacturing Subcategory § 426.87 Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction...

  10. 40 CFR 426.107 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... control technology. 426.107 Section 426.107 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS GLASS MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Glass Tubing (Danner) Manufacturing Subcategory § 426.107 Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent...

  11. 40 CFR 141.550 - Is my system required to meet subpart T combined filter effluent turbidity limits?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... T combined filter effluent turbidity limits? 141.550 Section 141.550 Protection of Environment... REGULATIONS Enhanced Filtration and Disinfection-Systems Serving Fewer Than 10,000 People Combined Filter Effluent Requirements § 141.550 Is my system required to meet subpart T combined filter effluent turbidity...

  12. 40 CFR 141.550 - Is my system required to meet subpart T combined filter effluent turbidity limits?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... T combined filter effluent turbidity limits? 141.550 Section 141.550 Protection of Environment... REGULATIONS Enhanced Filtration and Disinfection-Systems Serving Fewer Than 10,000 People Combined Filter Effluent Requirements § 141.550 Is my system required to meet subpart T combined filter effluent turbidity...

  13. 40 CFR 141.550 - Is my system required to meet subpart T combined filter effluent turbidity limits?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... T combined filter effluent turbidity limits? 141.550 Section 141.550 Protection of Environment... REGULATIONS Enhanced Filtration and Disinfection-Systems Serving Fewer Than 10,000 People Combined Filter Effluent Requirements § 141.550 Is my system required to meet subpart T combined filter effluent turbidity...

  14. 40 CFR 141.550 - Is my system required to meet subpart T combined filter effluent turbidity limits?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... T combined filter effluent turbidity limits? 141.550 Section 141.550 Protection of Environment... REGULATIONS Enhanced Filtration and Disinfection-Systems Serving Fewer Than 10,000 People Combined Filter Effluent Requirements § 141.550 Is my system required to meet subpart T combined filter effluent turbidity...

  15. 40 CFR 141.550 - Is my system required to meet subpart T combined filter effluent turbidity limits?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... T combined filter effluent turbidity limits? 141.550 Section 141.550 Protection of Environment... REGULATIONS Enhanced Filtration and Disinfection-Systems Serving Fewer Than 10,000 People Combined Filter Effluent Requirements § 141.550 Is my system required to meet subpart T combined filter effluent turbidity...

  16. 78 FR 59672 - Draft National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) General Permit for Stormwater...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-09-27

    ... particulates and other potential pollutants present on pavement, specific effluent limits have been included to ensure particulates and other potential pollutants mobilized by pavement washing are controlled via treatment controls before they are discharged, unless the pavement wash waters were treated by the control...

  17. Temperature control system for a J-module heat exchanger

    DOEpatents

    Basdekas, Demetrios L.; Macrae, George; Walsh, Joseph M.

    1978-01-01

    The level of primary fluid is controlled to change the effective heat transfer area of a heat exchanger utilized in a liquid metal nuclear power plant to eliminate the need for liquid metal control valves to regulate the flow of primary fluid and the temperature of the effluent secondary fluid.

  18. Pathway-based approaches for assessment of real-time exposure to an estrogenic wastewater treatment plant effluent on fathead minnow reproduction

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Cavallin, Jenna E.; Jensen, Kathleen M.; Kahl, Michael D.; Villeneuve, Daniel L.; Lee, Kathy E.; Schroeder, Anthony L.; Mayasich, Joe; Eid, Evan P.; Nelson, Krysta R.; Milsk, Rebecca Y.; Blackwell, Brett R.; Berninger, Jason P.; LaLone, Carlie A.; Blanskma, Chad; Jicha, Terri M.; Elonen, Colleen M.; Johnson, Rodney C.; Ankley, Gerald T.

    2016-01-01

    Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents are known contributors of chemical mixtures into the environment. Of particular concern are endocrine-disrupting compounds, such as estrogens, which can affect the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis function in exposed organisms. The present study examined reproductive effects in fathead minnows exposed for 21 d to a historically estrogenic WWTP effluent. Fathead minnow breeding pairs were held in control water or 1 of 3 effluent concentrations (5%, 20%, and 100%) in a novel onsite, flow-through system providing real-time exposure. The authors examined molecular and biochemical endpoints representing key events along adverse outcome pathways linking estrogen receptor activation and other molecular initiating events to reproductive impairment. In addition, the authors used chemical analysis of the effluent to construct a chemical-gene interaction network to aid in targeted gene expression analyses and identifying potentially impacted biological pathways. Cumulative fecundity was significantly reduced in fish exposed to 100% effluent but increased in those exposed to 20% effluent, the approximate dilution factor in the receiving waters. Plasma vitellogenin concentrations in males increased in a dose-dependent manner with effluent concentration; however, male fertility was not impacted. Although in vitro analyses, analytical chemistry, and biomarker responses confirmed the effluent was estrogenic, estrogen receptor agonists were unlikely the primary driver of impaired reproduction. The results provide insights into the significance of pathway-based effects with regard to predicting adverse reproductive outcomes.

  19. 40 CFR 435.44 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 31 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Effluent limitations guidelines... control technology (BCT). 435.44 Section 435.44 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... Coastal Subcategory § 435.44 Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction...

  20. 40 CFR 435.44 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Effluent limitations guidelines... control technology (BCT). 435.44 Section 435.44 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... Coastal Subcategory § 435.44 Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction...

  1. 40 CFR 435.44 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 31 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Effluent limitations guidelines... control technology (BCT). 435.44 Section 435.44 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... Coastal Subcategory § 435.44 Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction...

  2. 40 CFR 426.47 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... control technology (BCT). 426.47 Section 426.47 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS GLASS MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Plate Glass Manufacturing Subcategory § 426.47 Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction...

  3. 40 CFR 409.32 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS SUGAR PROCESSING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Liquid Cane Sugar Refining Subcategory § 409.32 Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent... application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT): (a) Any liquid cane sugar...

  4. 40 CFR 409.32 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS SUGAR PROCESSING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Liquid Cane Sugar Refining Subcategory § 409.32 Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent... application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT): (a) Any liquid cane sugar...

  5. 40 CFR 409.32 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS SUGAR PROCESSING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Liquid Cane Sugar Refining Subcategory § 409.32 Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent... application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT): (a) Any liquid cane sugar...

  6. 40 CFR 409.32 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS SUGAR PROCESSING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Liquid Cane Sugar Refining Subcategory § 409.32 Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent... application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT): (a) Any liquid cane sugar...

  7. 40 CFR 409.32 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS SUGAR PROCESSING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Liquid Cane Sugar Refining Subcategory § 409.32 Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent... application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT): (a) Any liquid cane sugar...

  8. 40 CFR 463.17 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best conventional pollutant... (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS PLASTICS MOLDING AND FORMING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Contact... effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best conventional pollutant control technology...

  9. 40 CFR 467.42 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available. [Reserved] 467.42 Section 467.42 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION... application of the best practicable control technology currently available. [Reserved] ...

  10. 40 CFR 112.12 - Spill Prevention, Control, and Countermeasure Plan requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... drainage system or facility effluent treatment system, except where facility systems are designed to...), (iii), and (iv) of this section. (3) Design facility drainage systems from undiked areas with a... engineer facility drainage systems to prevent a discharge as described in § 112.1(b) in case there is an...

  11. 40 CFR 423.14 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... control technology (BCT). [Reserved] 423.14 Section 423.14 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS STEAM ELECTRIC POWER GENERATING POINT SOURCE... by the application of the best conventional pollutant control technology (BCT). [Reserved] ...

  12. 40 CFR 424.67 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... control technology. 424.67 Section 424.67 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS FERROALLOY MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Electrolytic... reduction attainable by the application of the best conventional pollutant control technology. Except as...

  13. 40 CFR 424.77 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... control technology. 424.77 Section 424.77 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS FERROALLOY MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Electrolytic... attainable by the application of the best conventional pollutant control technology. Except as provided in...

  14. 40 CFR 424.37 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... control technology. 424.37 Section 424.37 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS FERROALLOY MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Slag Processing... by the application of the best conventional pollutant control technology. Except as provided in...

  15. 40 CFR 440.52 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... technology currently available (BPT). 440.52 Section 440.52 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT... effluent reduction attainable after application of the best practicable control technology currently...

  16. 40 CFR 436.182 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... technology currently available. 436.182 Section 436.182 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... best practicable control technology currently available (BPT): (1) Discharges of process generated...

  17. 40 CFR 436.32 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... technology currently available. 436.32 Section 436.32 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION... effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently... of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT): (1) Discharges of process...

  18. 40 CFR 436.182 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... technology currently available. 436.182 Section 436.182 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... best practicable control technology currently available (BPT): (1) Discharges of process generated...

  19. 40 CFR 436.182 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... technology currently available. 436.182 Section 436.182 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... best practicable control technology currently available (BPT): (1) Discharges of process generated...

  20. 40 CFR 440.52 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... technology currently available (BPT). 440.52 Section 440.52 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT... effluent reduction attainable after application of the best practicable control technology currently...

  1. 40 CFR 423.14 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... control technology (BCT). [Reserved] 423.14 Section 423.14 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS STEAM ELECTRIC POWER GENERATING POINT SOURCE... by the application of the best conventional pollutant control technology (BCT). [Reserved] ...

  2. 40 CFR 423.14 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... control technology (BCT). [Reserved] 423.14 Section 423.14 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS STEAM ELECTRIC POWER GENERATING POINT SOURCE... by the application of the best conventional pollutant control technology (BCT). [Reserved] ...

  3. 40 CFR 423.14 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... control technology (BCT). [Reserved] 423.14 Section 423.14 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS STEAM ELECTRIC POWER GENERATING POINT SOURCE... by the application of the best conventional pollutant control technology (BCT). [Reserved] ...

  4. 40 CFR 423.14 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... control technology (BCT). [Reserved] 423.14 Section 423.14 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS STEAM ELECTRIC POWER GENERATING POINT SOURCE... by the application of the best conventional pollutant control technology (BCT). [Reserved] ...

  5. 40 CFR 436.382 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available. 436.382 Section 436.382 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES...

  6. 40 CFR 436.382 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 31 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available. 436.382 Section 436.382 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES...

  7. 40 CFR 440.142 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS ORE MINING AND DRESSING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Gold Placer Mine... 40 Protection of Environment 29 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology...

  8. 40 CFR 440.105 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 29 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best conventional pollutant control... AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS ORE MINING AND DRESSING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Copper...

  9. 40 CFR 415.332 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... SOURCE CATEGORY Carbon Monoxide and By-Product Hydrogen Production Subcategory § 415.332 Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best... representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control...

  10. Towards the development of a novel construction solid waste (CSW) based constructed wetland system for tertiary treatment of secondary sewage effluents.

    PubMed

    Yang, Y; Zhang, L; Zhao, Y Q; Wang, S P; Guo, X C; Guo, Y; Wang, L; Ren, Y X; Wang, X C

    2011-01-01

    This study was conducted to examine the possibility of using construction solid waste (CSW), an inevitable by-product of the construction and demolition process, as the main substrate in a laboratory scale multi-stage constructed wetland system (CWs) to improve phosphorus (P) removal from secondary sewage effluent. A tidal-flow operation strategy was employed to enhance the wetland aeration. This will stimulate aerobic biological processes and benefit the organic pollutants decomposition and nitrification process for ammoniacal-nitrogen (NH(+)(4)-N) removal. The results showed that the average P concentration in the secondary sewage effluent was reduced from 1.90 mg-P/L to 0.04 mg-P/L. CSW presents excellent P removal performance. The average NH(+)(4)-N concentration was reduced from 9.94 mg-N/L to 1.0 mg-N/L through nitrification in the system. The concentration of resultant nitrite and nitrate in the effluent of the CSW based CWs ranged from 0.1 to 2.4 mg-N/L and 0.01 to 0.8 mg-N/L, respectively. The outcome of this study has shown that CSW can be successfully used to act as main substrate in CWs. The application of CSW based CWs on improving N and P removals from secondary sewage effluent presents a win-win scenario. Such the reuse of CSW will benefit both the CSW disposal and nutrient control from wastewater. More significantly, such the application can transfer the CSW from a 'waste' to 'useful' material and can ease the pressure of construction waste solid management. Meanwhile, the final effluent from the CSW-based CWs can be used as non-potable water source in landscape irrigation, agriculture and industrial process.

  11. 40 CFR 424.27 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... control technology. 424.27 Section 424.27 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS FERROALLOY MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Covered Electric... conventional pollutant control technology. Except as provided in §§ 125.30 through 125.32, any existing point...

  12. 40 CFR 418.72 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... technology currently available. 418.72 Section 418.72 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT...

  13. 40 CFR 418.62 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... technology currently available. 418.62 Section 418.62 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION... effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently... attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT): There...

  14. 40 CFR 424.52 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... practicable control technology currently available (BPT): There shall be no discharge of process waste water... technology currently available. 424.52 Section 424.52 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION... effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently...

  15. 40 CFR 426.17 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... control technology (BCT). 426.17 Section 426.17 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS GLASS MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Insulation Fiberglass... by the application of the best conventional pollutant control technology (BCT). Except as provided in...

  16. 40 CFR 411.27 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... control technology (BCT). 411.27 Section 411.27 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS CEMENT MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Leaching Subcategory... application of the conventional pollutant control technology (BCT). Except as provided in §§ 125.30 through...

  17. 40 CFR 415.237 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... control technology (BCT). 415.237 Section 415.237 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS INORGANIC CHEMICALS MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE... control technology (BCT). Except as provided in 40 CFR 125.30 through 125.32, any existing point source...

  18. 40 CFR 415.177 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... control technology (BCT). 415.177 Section 415.177 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS INORGANIC CHEMICALS MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE... conventional pollutant control technology (BCT). Except as provided in 40 CFR 125.30 through 125.32, any...

  19. 40 CFR 426.67 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... control technology. 426.67 Section 426.67 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS GLASS MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Automotive Glass... attainable by the application of the best conventional pollutant control technology. Except as provided in...

  20. 40 CFR 426.77 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... control technology. 426.77 Section 426.77 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS GLASS MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Automotive Glass... attainable by the application of the best conventional pollutant control technology. Except as provided in...

  1. 40 CFR 436.22 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... technology currently available. 436.22 Section 436.22 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT): (1) Discharges of process...

  2. 40 CFR 436.22 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... technology currently available. 436.22 Section 436.22 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT): (1) Discharges of process...

  3. 40 CFR 436.22 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... technology currently available. 436.22 Section 436.22 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT): (1) Discharges of process...

  4. 40 CFR 436.42 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... technology currently available. 436.42 Section 436.42 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT): (1) With the exception of...

  5. 40 CFR 408.207 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... control technology. 408.207 Section 408.207 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best conventional pollutant control... processing facility located in population or processing centers including but not limited to Anchorage...

  6. 40 CFR 408.207 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... control technology. 408.207 Section 408.207 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best conventional pollutant control... processing facility located in population or processing centers including but not limited to Anchorage...

  7. 40 CFR 408.297 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... control technology. 408.297 Section 408.297 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best conventional pollutant control... facility located in population or processing centers including but not limited to Anchorage, Cordova...

  8. 40 CFR 408.207 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... control technology. 408.207 Section 408.207 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best conventional pollutant control... processing facility located in population or processing centers including but not limited to Anchorage...

  9. 40 CFR 408.207 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... control technology. 408.207 Section 408.207 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best conventional pollutant control... processing facility located in population or processing centers including but not limited to Anchorage...

  10. 40 CFR 408.297 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... control technology. 408.297 Section 408.297 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best conventional pollutant control... facility located in population or processing centers including but not limited to Anchorage, Cordova...

  11. 40 CFR 408.207 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... control technology. 408.207 Section 408.207 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best conventional pollutant control... processing facility located in population or processing centers including but not limited to Anchorage...

  12. 40 CFR 408.297 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... control technology. 408.297 Section 408.297 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best conventional pollutant control... facility located in population or processing centers including but not limited to Anchorage, Cordova...

  13. 40 CFR 408.297 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... control technology. 408.297 Section 408.297 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best conventional pollutant control... facility located in population or processing centers including but not limited to Anchorage, Cordova...

  14. 40 CFR 408.297 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... control technology. 408.297 Section 408.297 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best conventional pollutant control... facility located in population or processing centers including but not limited to Anchorage, Cordova...

  15. 40 CFR 439.33 - Effluent limitations attainable by the application of the best conventional pollutant control...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 29 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Effluent limitations attainable by the application of the best conventional pollutant control technology (BCT). 439.33 Section 439.33 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS PHARMACEUTICAL...

  16. 40 CFR 439.23 - Effluent limitations attainable by the application of the best conventional pollutant control...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 29 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Effluent limitations attainable by the application of the best conventional pollutant control technology (BCT). 439.23 Section 439.23 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS PHARMACEUTICAL...

  17. 40 CFR 439.13 - Effluent limitations attainable by the application of the best conventional pollutant control...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 29 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Effluent limitations attainable by the application of the best conventional pollutant control technology (BCT). 439.13 Section 439.13 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS PHARMACEUTICAL...

  18. 40 CFR 439.43 - Effluent limitations attainable by the application of the best conventional pollutant control...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 29 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Effluent limitations attainable by the application of the best conventional pollutant control technology (BCT). 439.43 Section 439.43 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS PHARMACEUTICAL...

  19. 40 CFR 424.27 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... control technology. 424.27 Section 424.27 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS FERROALLOY MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Covered Electric... conventional pollutant control technology. Except as provided in §§ 125.30 through 125.32, any existing point...

  20. 40 CFR 424.27 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... control technology. 424.27 Section 424.27 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS FERROALLOY MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Covered Electric... conventional pollutant control technology. Except as provided in §§ 125.30 through 125.32, any existing point...

  1. 40 CFR 424.27 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... control technology. 424.27 Section 424.27 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS FERROALLOY MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Covered Electric... conventional pollutant control technology. Except as provided in §§ 125.30 through 125.32, any existing point...

  2. 40 CFR 424.27 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... control technology. 424.27 Section 424.27 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS FERROALLOY MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Covered Electric... conventional pollutant control technology. Except as provided in §§ 125.30 through 125.32, any existing point...

  3. Effects of effluent water on the abundance of cowpea insect pests.

    PubMed

    Tiroesele, Bamphitlhi; Sitwane, Monametsi; Obopile, M; Ullah, Muhammad Irfan; Ali, Sajjad

    2017-10-03

    Botswana experiences low and unreliable rainfall. Thus, the use of effluent water in agriculture is increasingly important. Insect damage is the major constraint for cowpea grain production in the most cowpea-producing lands. We investigated the effects of effluent water on insect pest abundance on cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) under field conditions. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with 100, 75, 50, and 25% of effluent water and 0% (control-clean tap water) treatments. Treatments with 100% effluent water resulted in a significant increase in insect pest populations as compared with the control. These results show that the use of effluent water to irrigate crops may increase incidence, abundance, and damage caused by insect pests possibly by decreasing plant vigor. The use of effluent water in agriculture should be addressed in a wise way.

  4. 40 CFR 424.17 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... control technology. 424.17 Section 424.17 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS FERROALLOY MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Open Electric... control technology. Except as provided in §§ 125.30 through 125.32, any existing point source subject to...

  5. 40 CFR 424.12 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... technology currently available. 424.12 Section 424.12 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION... Electric Furnaces With Wet Air Pollution Control Devices Subcategory § 424.12 Effluent limitations... practicable control technology currently available. Except as provided in §§ 125.30 through 125.32, and...

  6. 40 CFR 428.92 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... pollutant properties, controlled by this section and attributable to pan, dry digestion, and mechanical... Digestion, and Mechanical Reclaimed Rubber Subcategory § 428.92 Effluent limitations guidelines representing... properties controlled by this section, which may be discharged by a point source subject to the provisions of...

  7. 40 CFR 428.93 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... pollutant properties, controlled by this section, and attributable to pan, dry digestion, and mechanical..., and Mechanical Reclaimed Rubber Subcategory § 428.93 Effluent limitations guidelines representing the... properties, controlled by this section, which may be discharged by a point source subject to the provisions...

  8. 40 CFR 424.42 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... technology currently available. 424.42 Section 424.42 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION... Covered Calcium Carbide Furnaces With Wet Air Pollution Control Devices Subcategory § 424.42 Effluent... practicable control technology currently available. Except as provided in §§ 125.30 through 125.32, and...

  9. 40 CFR 440.82 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... technology currently available (BPT). Except as provided in subpart L of this part and 40 CFR 125.30 through... practicable control technology currently available (BPT): (a) The concentration of pollutants discharged in...

  10. 40 CFR 440.82 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... technology currently available (BPT). Except as provided in subpart L of this part and 40 CFR 125.30 through... practicable control technology currently available (BPT): (a) The concentration of pollutants discharged in...

  11. 40 CFR 440.82 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... technology currently available (BPT). Except as provided in subpart L of this part and 40 CFR 125.30 through... practicable control technology currently available (BPT): (a) The concentration of pollutants discharged in...

  12. 40 CFR 424.17 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... control technology. 424.17 Section 424.17 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS FERROALLOY MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Open Electric... control technology. Except as provided in §§ 125.30 through 125.32, any existing point source subject to...

  13. 40 CFR 424.12 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... technology currently available. 424.12 Section 424.12 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION... Electric Furnaces With Wet Air Pollution Control Devices Subcategory § 424.12 Effluent limitations... practicable control technology currently available. Except as provided in §§ 125.30 through 125.32, and...

  14. 40 CFR 424.12 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... technology currently available. 424.12 Section 424.12 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION... Electric Furnaces With Wet Air Pollution Control Devices Subcategory § 424.12 Effluent limitations... practicable control technology currently available. Except as provided in §§ 125.30 through 125.32, and...

  15. 40 CFR 424.17 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... control technology. 424.17 Section 424.17 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS FERROALLOY MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Open Electric... control technology. Except as provided in §§ 125.30 through 125.32, any existing point source subject to...

  16. 40 CFR 424.17 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... control technology. 424.17 Section 424.17 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS FERROALLOY MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Open Electric... control technology. Except as provided in §§ 125.30 through 125.32, any existing point source subject to...

  17. 40 CFR 424.12 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... technology currently available. 424.12 Section 424.12 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION... Electric Furnaces With Wet Air Pollution Control Devices Subcategory § 424.12 Effluent limitations... practicable control technology currently available. Except as provided in §§ 125.30 through 125.32, and...

  18. 40 CFR 424.12 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... technology currently available. 424.12 Section 424.12 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION... Electric Furnaces With Wet Air Pollution Control Devices Subcategory § 424.12 Effluent limitations... practicable control technology currently available. Except as provided in §§ 125.30 through 125.32, and...

  19. 40 CFR 424.17 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... control technology. 424.17 Section 424.17 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS FERROALLOY MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Open Electric... control technology. Except as provided in §§ 125.30 through 125.32, any existing point source subject to...

  20. 40 CFR 426.117 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... control technology. 426.117 Section 426.117 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS GLASS MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Television Picture Tube Envelope Manufacturing Subcategory § 426.117 Effluent limitations guidelines representing the...

  1. Effluent treatment for nuclear thermal propulsion ground testing

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Shipers, Larry R.

    1993-01-01

    The objectives are to define treatment functions, review concept options, discuss PIPET effluent treatment system (ETS), and outline future activities. The topics covered include the following: reactor exhaust; effluent treatment functions; effluent treatment categories; effluent treatment options; concept evaluation; PIPETS ETS envelope; PIPET effluent treatment concept; and future activities.

  2. The '333' integrated strategy for effective pollution control and its application to the heavily polluted Jialu River in north China.

    PubMed

    Huang, Yu; Sun, Jie; Li, Aimin; Xie, Xianchuan

    2018-05-01

    In this study, an integrated approach named the '333' strategy was applied to pollution control in the Jialu River, in northern China, which is heavily burdened with anthropogenic pollution. Due to a deficiency of the natural ecological inflow, the Jialu River receives predominantly industrial and municipal effluent. The '333' strategy is composed of three steps of pollution control including industrial point-source pollution control, advanced treatment of municipal wastewater, and ecological restoration; three increased stringency emission standards; and three stages of reclamation. Phase 1 of the '333' strategy focuses on industrial point-source pollution control; phase 2 aims to harness municipal wastewater and minimize sewage effluents using novel techniques for advanced water purification; phase 3 of the '333' strategy focuses on the further purification of effluents flowing into Jialu River with the employment of an engineering-based ecological restoration project. The application of the '333' strategy resulted in the development of novel techniques for water purification including modified magnetic resins (NDMP resin), a two-stage internal circulation anaerobic reactor (IC reactor) and an ecological restoration system. The results indicate that water quality in the river was significantly improved, with increased concentrations of dissolved oxygen (DO), as well as reduction of COD by 42.8% and NH 3 -N by 61.4%. In addition, it was observed that the total population of phytoplankton in treated river water notably increased from only one prior to restoration to 8 following restoration. This system also provides a tool for pollution control of other similar industrial and anthropogenic source polluted rivers.

  3. 40 CFR 426.127 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... control technology. 426.127 Section 426.127 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS GLASS MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Incandescent Lamp Envelope Manufacturing Subcategory § 426.127 Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of...

  4. 40 CFR 455.32 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE CHEMICALS Metallo-Organic Pesticide Chemicals Manufacturing Subcategory § 455.32 Effluent limitations guidelines representing the... controlled by this paragraph which may be discharged from the manufacture of metallo-organic active...

  5. 40 CFR 455.32 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE CHEMICALS Metallo-Organic Pesticide Chemicals Manufacturing Subcategory § 455.32 Effluent limitations guidelines representing the... controlled by this paragraph which may be discharged from the manufacture of metallo-organic active...

  6. 40 CFR 455.32 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE CHEMICALS Metallo-Organic Pesticide Chemicals Manufacturing Subcategory § 455.32 Effluent limitations guidelines representing the... controlled by this paragraph which may be discharged from the manufacture of metallo-organic active...

  7. ALTERNATIVES TO CHLORINATION FOR CONTROL OF CONDENSER TUBE BIO-FOULING

    EPA Science Inventory

    The report gives results of a study of methods used to reduce free-chlorine residuals in power plant effluents. Most U.S. power plants use chlorine (28,600 tons in 1972) to control biological fouling in their cooling systems, particularly in their condenser tubes. Using chlorine ...

  8. The use of Tradescantia and Vicia faba bioassays for the in situ detection of mutagens in an aquatic environment.

    PubMed

    Grant, W F; Lee, H G; Logan, D M; Salamone, M F

    1992-11-01

    Tests have shown plant bioassays to be excellent for mutagenicity studies. Most studies with plant bioassays, however, have been carried out either in the laboratory, or if, in situ, as monitors of atmospheric contaminants. The primary purpose of this study was to assess the utility of in situ plant mutagenicity bioassays in monitoring water contaminants. The assay systems tested were the Tradescantia stamen hair and micronucleus assays for the detection of gene mutations and chromosomal aberrations respectively, and the Vicia faba bioassay system which detects chromosomal aberrations in root tips. The assays were used to test the effluent from a pulp and paper mill located on the north shore of Lake Superior. Assays were performed in a creek containing raw effluent and in the bay of Lake Superior into which the creek emptied. All in situ treatments were carried out for 24 h. The effluent from the creek was heavy with pulp and debris which coated the plant cuttings and the Vicia faba seedlings and may have restricted the uptake from the effluent. In the creek, at test sites 11.5 km from the source, the effluent was toxic to the Vicia faba roots as evidenced by a reduction in the mitotic index. The data for the Tradescantia stamen hair assay in the creek were equivocal. The cuttings from the creek test sites and the air and water control sites appeared to have undergone a physiological delay. Within a day or two after the return to the laboratory, that is 6-8 days after testing, flowering almost ceased and did not fully resume until about day 35. This reduction in flowering was particularly severe with the cuttings from the effluent and air control sites, making it very difficult to interpret the results. In contrast, the Tradescantia micronucleus and Vicia faba chromosomal aberration data were unequivocal; each produced positive responses at both test sites relative to the air and water controls. The results obtained for the bay sites with all 3 assays were in agreement. In that section of the bay visibly contaminated by the creek effluent, increases in stamen hair mutants, micronuclei, and chromosome aberrations were measured. In general, there was a considerable reduction in the number of mutant events observed for the water samples brought back from the test sites and tested in the laboratory.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

  9. Acceptance test procedure for the L-070 project mechanical equipment and instrumentation

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Loll, C.M.

    1996-04-19

    This document contains the acceptance test procedure for the mechanical equipment and instrumentation installed per the L-070 Project. The specific system to be tested are the pump controls for the 3906 Lift Station and 350-A Lift Station. In addition, verification that signals are being received by the 300 Area Treated Effluent Disposal Facility control system, is also performed.

  10. 40 CFR 435.44 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Effluent limitations guidelines... control technology (BCT). 435.44 Section 435.44 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Coastal...

  11. 40 CFR 435.44 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 29 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Effluent limitations guidelines... control technology (BCT). 435.44 Section 435.44 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Coastal...

  12. 40 CFR 458.32 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... technology currently available. 458.32 Section 458.32 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION... Carbon Black Channel Process Subcategory § 458.32 Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology...

  13. 40 CFR 458.22 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... technology currently available. 458.22 Section 458.22 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION... Carbon Black Thermal Process Subcategory § 458.22 Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology...

  14. 40 CFR 417.23 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... pollutant properties, controlled by this section and attributable to the hydrogenation of fatty acids, which... (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS SOAP AND DETERGENT MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Fatty Acid Manufacturing by Fat Splitting Subcategory § 417.23 Effluent limitations guidelines representing...

  15. 40 CFR 424.43 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best available technology economically achievable. 424.43 Section 424.43 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... Carbide Furnaces With Wet Air Pollution Control Devices Subcategory § 424.43 Effluent limitations...

  16. 40 CFR 454.32 - Effluent limitations and guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS GUM AND WOOD CHEMICALS MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Wood Rosin, Turpentine and Pine Oil Subcategory § 454.32 Effluent limitations and guidelines... properties, controlled by this paragraph, which may be discharged from the manufacture of wood rosin...

  17. 40 CFR 454.32 - Effluent limitations and guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS GUM AND WOOD CHEMICALS MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Wood Rosin, Turpentine and Pine Oil Subcategory § 454.32 Effluent limitations and guidelines... properties, controlled by this paragraph, which may be discharged from the manufacture of wood rosin...

  18. 40 CFR 417.23 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... pollutant properties, controlled by this section and attributable to the hydrogenation of fatty acids, which... (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS SOAP AND DETERGENT MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Fatty Acid Manufacturing by Fat Splitting Subcategory § 417.23 Effluent limitations guidelines representing...

  19. Effluent quality from 200 on-site sewage systems: design values for guidelines.

    PubMed

    Charles, K J; Ashbolt, N J; Roser, D J; McGuinness, R; Deere, D A

    2005-01-01

    The quality of effluent from an on-site sewage treatment system is a critical factor in designing the disposal area and, hence, ensuring the sustained performance of the system. Contaminant concentrations in effluent are typically specified in regulatory guidelines or standards; however, the accuracy of these guideline values are brought into question due to the poor performance of septic tanks and the high failure rates of disposal systems reported here and elsewhere. Results from studies of septic tank effluent quality indicated that the effluent is of poorer quality than currently suggested by guidelines. Aerated wastewater treatment systems were found to perform to accreditation guidelines; however, insufficient nutrient data is presently available to assess nutrient loads. It is proposed that the 80th percentile of system performance be adopted as the design value for sizing effluent disposal areas to minimise failure associated with overloading. For septic tanks this equates to 660 mg L(-1) SS, 330 mg L(-1) BOD, 250 mg L(-1) TN and 36 mg L(-1) TP.

  20. High-voltage spark atomic emission detector for gas chromatography

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Calkin, C. L.; Koeplin, S. M.; Crouch, S. R.

    1982-01-01

    A dc-powered, double-gap, miniature nanosecond spark source for emission spectrochemical analysis of gas chromatographic effluents is described. The spark is formed between two thoriated tungsten electrodes by the discharge of a coaxial capacitor. The spark detector is coupled to the gas chromatograph by a heated transfer line. The gas chromatographic effluent is introduced into the heated spark chamber where atomization and excitation of the effluent occurs upon breakdown of the analytical gap. A microcomputer-controlled data acquisition system allows the implementation of time-resolution techniques to distinguish between the analyte emission and the background continuum produced by the spark discharge. Multiple sparks are computer averaged to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. The application of the spark detector for element-selective detection of metals and nonmetals is reported.

  1. Distribution of effluent injected into the Boulder Zone of the Floridan aquifer system at the North District Wastewater Treatment Plant, southeastern Florida, 1997–2011

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    King, Jeffrey N.; Decker, Jeremy D.

    2018-02-09

    Nonhazardous, secondarily treated, domestic wastewater (effluent) has been injected about 1 kilometer below land surface into the Boulder Zone of the Floridan aquifer system at the North District Wastewater Treatment Plant in southeastern Florida. The Boulder Zone contains saline, nonpotable water. Effluent transport out of the injection zone is a risk of underground effluent injection. At the North District Wastewater Treatment Plant, injected effluent was detected outside the Boulder Zone. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with Miami-Dade Water and Sewer Department, investigated effluent transport from the Boulder Zone to overlying permeable zones in the Floridan aquifer system.One conceptual model is presented to explain the presence of effluent outside of the injection zone in which effluent injected into the Boulder Zone was transported to the Avon Park permeable zone, forced by buoyancy and injection pressure. In this conceptual model, effluent injected primarily into the Boulder Zone reaches a naturally occurring feature (a karst-collapse structure) near an injection well, through which the effluent is transported vertically upward to the uppermost major permeable zone of the Lower Floridan aquifer. The effluent is then transported laterally through the uppermost major permeable zone of the Lower Floridan aquifer to another naturally occurring feature northwest of the North District Wastewater Treatment Plant, through which it is then transported vertically upward into the Avon Park permeable zone. In addition, a leak within a monitoring well, between monitoring zones, allowed interflow between the Avon Park permeable zone and the Upper Floridan aquifer. A groundwater flow and effluent transport simulation of the hydrogeologic system at the North District Wastewater Treatment Plant, based on the hypothesized and non-unique conceptualization of the subsurface hydrogeology and flow system, generally replicated measured effluent constituent concentration trends. The model was calibrated to match observed concentration trends for total ammonium (NH4+) and total dissolved solids.The investigation qualitatively indicates that fractures, karst-collapse structures, faults, or other hydrogeologic features may permit effluent injected into the Boulder Zone to be transported to overlying permeable zones in the Floridan aquifer system. These findings, however, are qualitative because the locations of transport pathways that might exist from the Boulder Zone to the Avon Park permeable zone are largely unknown.

  2. 40 CFR 426.12 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Fiberglass Subcategory § 426.12 Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction... limitations establish the quantity or quality of pollutants or pollutant properties which may be discharged by... limitations establish the quantity or quality of pollutants or pollutant properties, controlled by this...

  3. 40 CFR 426.12 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Fiberglass Subcategory § 426.12 Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction... limitations establish the quantity or quality of pollutants or pollutant properties which may be discharged by... limitations establish the quantity or quality of pollutants or pollutant properties, controlled by this...

  4. Cyber-physical system for a water reclamation plant: Balancing aeration, energy, and water quality to maintain process resilience

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhu, Junjie

    Aeration accounts for a large fraction of energy consumption in conventional water reclamation plants (WRPs). Although process operations at older WRPs can satisfy effluent permit requirements, they typically operate with excess aeration. More effective process controls at older WRPs can be challenging as operators work to balance higher energy costs and more stringent effluent limitations while managing fluctuating loads. Therefore, understandings of process resilience or ability to quickly return to original operation conditions at a WRP are important. A state-of-art WRP should maintain process resilience to deal with different kinds of perturbations even after optimization of energy demands. This work was to evaluate the applicability and feasibility of cyber-physical system (CPS) for improving operation at Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago (MWRDGC) Calumet WRP. In this work, a process model was developed and used to better understand the conditions of current Calumet WRP, with additional valuable information from two dissolved oxygen field measurements. Meanwhile, a classification system was developed to reveal the pattern of historical influent scenario based on cluster analysis and cross-tabulation analysis. Based on the results from the classification, typical process control options were investigated. To ensure the feasibility of information acquisition, the reliability and flexibility of soft sensors were assessed to typical influent conditions. Finally, the process resilience was investigated to better balance influent perturbations, energy demands, and effluent quality for long-term operations. These investigations and evaluations show that although the energy demands change as the influent conditions and process controls. In general, aeration savings could be up to 50% from the level of current consumption; with a more complex process controls, the saving could be up to 70% in relatively steady-state conditions and at least 40% in relatively challenging transient conditions. The soft sensors can provide reliable and flexible performance on target predictions. The plant can still maintain at a similar level of process resilience after 50% aeration saving, even during long-term perturbations. Overall, this work shows that it is well feasible to provide more cost-effective operations at the Calumet WRP, and meanwhile influent perturbations, effluent quality, and process resilience are well in balance.

  5. Economic Savings from Using Economic Incentives for Environmental Pollution Control (1999)

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Economic incentives, such as emission taxes, effluent trading, deposit refund systems, information reporting requirements, liability for harm caused by pollution, and voluntary programs have the potential to achieve environmental objectives at lower cost.

  6. CATALYTIC OXIDATION OF GROUNDWATER STRIPPING EMISSIONS

    EPA Science Inventory

    The paper reviews the applicability of catalytic oxidation to control ground-water air stripping gaseous effluents, with special attention to system designs and case histories. The variety of contaminants and catalyst poisons encountered in stripping operations are also reviewed....

  7. Exposure of composite tannery effluent on snail, Pila globosa: A comparative assessment of toxic impacts of the untreated and membrane treated effluents.

    PubMed

    Bhattacharya, Priyankari; Swarnakar, Snehasikta; Mukhopadhyay, Aniruddha; Ghosh, Sourja

    2016-04-01

    Effluent from tannery industries can significantly affect the aquatic environment due to the presence of a variety of recalcitrant components. The present study focuses on a comparative assessment of the toxic impacts of an untreated tannery effluent and membrane treated effluents using snail, Pila globosa as an aquatic model. Composite tannery effluent collected from a common effluent treatment plant was selected as the untreated effluent. To investigate the effect of treated effluents on the aquatic organism the effluent was treated by two ways, viz. a single stage microfiltration (MF) using ceramic membrane and a two-step process involving MF followed by reverse osmosis (RO). The whole body tissue, gonad and mantle of P. globosa were subjected to enzyme assays like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-GPx), glutathione S- transferase (GST), etc. for assessing toxic impact. Changes in the biochemical parameters like protein, carbohydrate and amino acid were observed including histological studies of gonad and mantle tissue upon treatment with tannery effluents. To examine potential DNA damage due to the exposure of the effluent, comet assay was conducted. The study revealed that with an exposure to the untreated effluent, activity of the antioxidant enzymes increased significantly while the protein and carbohydrate content reduced largely in the whole body tissue, gonad as well as mantle tissues of P. globosa. Histological study indicated considerable damage in the gonad and mantle tissues following exposure to the untreated effluent. Comet assay using hemolymph of P. globosa following exposure to tannery effluent, showed significant genotoxicity. Interestingly, compared to the untreated effluent, damaging effect was reduced in molluscs tissues when exposed to MF treated effluent and even lesser when exposed to MF+RO treated effluent. Apart from the reduced activities of oxidative stress enzymes, the protein, amino acid and carbohydrate content of molluscs exposed to both of the treated effluent were found close to that of control. Comet assay revealed no damage in the DNA for MF and MF+RO treated effluent indicating that the membrane based treatment procedure restores environmental condition to control level. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  8. 40 CFR 445.12 - Effluent limitations attainable by the application of the best conventional pollutant control...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS LANDFILLS POINT SOURCE CATEGORY RCRA Subtitle C Hazardous Waste Landfill § 445.12 Effluent limitations attainable by the...

  9. 40 CFR 445.22 - Effluent limitations attainable by the application of the best conventional pollutant control...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS LANDFILLS POINT SOURCE CATEGORY RCRA Subtitle D Non-Hazardous Waste Landfill § 445.22 Effluent limitations attainable by...

  10. 40 CFR 428.92 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Digestion, and Mechanical Reclaimed Rubber Subcategory § 428.92 Effluent limitations guidelines representing... pollutant properties, controlled by this section and attributable to pan, dry digestion, and mechanical...

  11. 40 CFR 428.93 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ..., and Mechanical Reclaimed Rubber Subcategory § 428.93 Effluent limitations guidelines representing the... pollutant properties, controlled by this section, and attributable to pan, dry digestion, and mechanical...

  12. 40 CFR 415.452 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... SOURCE CATEGORY Lithium Carbonate Production Subcategory § 415.452 Effluent limitations guidelines... application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT): Subpart AS—Lithium Carbonate...

  13. 40 CFR 415.452 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... SOURCE CATEGORY Lithium Carbonate Production Subcategory § 415.452 Effluent limitations guidelines... application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT): Subpart AS—Lithium Carbonate...

  14. 40 CFR 415.452 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... SOURCE CATEGORY Lithium Carbonate Production Subcategory § 415.452 Effluent limitations guidelines... application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT): Subpart AS—Lithium Carbonate...

  15. 40 CFR 415.452 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... SOURCE CATEGORY Lithium Carbonate Production Subcategory § 415.452 Effluent limitations guidelines... application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT): Subpart AS—Lithium Carbonate...

  16. 40 CFR 415.452 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... SOURCE CATEGORY Lithium Carbonate Production Subcategory § 415.452 Effluent limitations guidelines... application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT): Subpart AS—Lithium Carbonate...

  17. 40 CFR 432.97 - Effluent limitations attainable by the application of the best control technology for...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS MEAT AND POULTRY PRODUCTS POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Canned Meats Processors § 432.97 Effluent limitations attainable by...

  18. 40 CFR 432.92 - Effluent limitations attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS MEAT AND POULTRY PRODUCTS POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Canned Meats Processors § 432.92 Effluent limitations...

  19. 40 CFR 432.67 - Effluent limitations attainable by the application of the best control technology for...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS MEAT AND POULTRY PRODUCTS POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Meat Cutters § 432.67 Effluent limitations attainable by the...

  20. 40 CFR 432.72 - Effluent limitations attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS MEAT AND POULTRY PRODUCTS POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Sausage and Luncheon Meats Processors § 432.72 Effluent...

  1. 40 CFR 432.62 - Effluent limitations attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS MEAT AND POULTRY PRODUCTS POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Meat Cutters § 432.62 Effluent limitations attainable by...

  2. 40 CFR 432.77 - Effluent limitations attainable by the application of the best control technology for...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS MEAT AND POULTRY PRODUCTS POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Sausage and Luncheon Meats Processors § 432.77 Effluent limitations...

  3. 40 CFR 432.67 - Effluent limitations attainable by the application of the best control technology for...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS MEAT AND POULTRY PRODUCTS POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Meat Cutters § 432.67 Effluent limitations attainable by the...

  4. 40 CFR 432.97 - Effluent limitations attainable by the application of the best control technology for...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS MEAT AND POULTRY PRODUCTS POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Canned Meats Processors § 432.97 Effluent limitations attainable by...

  5. 40 CFR 432.77 - Effluent limitations attainable by the application of the best control technology for...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS MEAT AND POULTRY PRODUCTS POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Sausage and Luncheon Meats Processors § 432.77 Effluent limitations...

  6. The biofilm-controlling functions of rechargeable antimicrobial N-halamine dental unit waterline tubing.

    PubMed

    Porteous, Nuala; Schoolfield, John; Luo, Jie; Sun, Yuyu

    2011-01-01

    A study was conducted to test the biofilm-controlling functions of N-halamine tubing over an eight-month period. A laboratory system, simulating a teaching dental clinic, was used to test rechargeable N-halamine tubing (T) compared to an untreated control (C) using the unit manufacturer's tubing. For the long-term study, a recharged tubing (RC) treated with bleach was used to compare with the test (T) and the control (C) tubing. Source tap water was cycled through the lines at 1.4 mL/minute, five minutes on and 25 minutes off, eight hours/day, five days/week. Every three weeks, samples of effluent, recovered adherent bacteria from inside tubing surfaces, and SEM images were examined for bacterial and biofilm growth. After sampling, a recharging solution of chlorine bleach (1 : 10 dilution) was run through T and RC lines, left overnight, and rinsed out the next morning. One-way ANOVAs and Spearman correlations were performed to detect significant differences for T, RC, and C, and determine significance with time period and source water, respectively. Mean log CFU/mL for C effluent > T (p = 0.028), and C tubing > T (p = 0.035). Spearman correlations were significant between effluent and source water level for T (rho = 0.817), and T tubing (0.750); between RC tubing and source water level (rho = 0.836), and time (rho = 0.745); and between C and time (rho = 0.873). SEM imaging confirmed the presence of biofilm inside RC and C, but not inside T. N-halamine tubing completely inhibited biofilm formation without negatively affecting the physical properties of the effluent water. Further research on N-halamine tubing using a pure water source is recommended, as T effluent bacterial levels reflected the source tap water quality and proliferation of planktonic bacteria with no biofilm activity.

  7. The Biofilm-Controlling Functions of Rechargeable Antimicrobial N-halamine Dental Unit Waterline Tubing

    PubMed Central

    Porteous, Nuala; Schoolfield, John; Luo, Jie; Sun, Yuyu

    2015-01-01

    Objective A study was conducted to test the biofilm-controlling functions of N-halamine tubing over an eight-month period. Methods A laboratory system, simulating a teaching dental clinic, was used to test rechargeable N-halamine tubing (T) compared to an untreated control (C) using the unit manufacturer’s tubing. For the long-term study, a recharged tubing (RC) treated with bleach was used to compare with the test (T) and the control (C) tubing. Source tap water was cycled through the lines at 1.4 mL/minute, five minutes on and 25 minutes off, eight hours/day, five days/week. Every three weeks, samples of effluent, recovered adherent bacteria from inside tubing surfaces, and SEM images were examined for bacterial and biofilm growth. After sampling, a recharging solution of chlorine bleach (1:10 dilution) was run through T and RC lines, left overnight, and rinsed out the next morning. One-way ANOVAs and Spearman correlations were performed to detect significant differences for T, RC, and C, and determine significance with time period and source water, respectively. Results Mean log CFU/mL for C effluent > T (p = 0.028), and C tubing > T (p = 0.035). Spearman correlations were significant between effluent and source water level for T (rho = 0.817), and T tubing (0.750); between RC tubing and source water level (rho = 0.836), and time (rho = 0.745); and between C and time (rho = 0.873). SEM imaging confirmed the presence of biofilm inside RC and C, but not inside T. Conclusion N-halamine tubing completely inhibited biofilm formation without negatively affecting the physical properties of the effluent water. Further research on N-halamine tubing using a pure water source is recommended, as T effluent bacterial levels reflected the source tap water quality and proliferation of planktonic bacteria with no biofilm activity. PMID:22403982

  8. 40 CFR 141.551 - What strengthened combined filter effluent turbidity limits must my system meet?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What strengthened combined filter... REGULATIONS Enhanced Filtration and Disinfection-Systems Serving Fewer Than 10,000 People Combined Filter Effluent Requirements § 141.551 What strengthened combined filter effluent turbidity limits must my system...

  9. 40 CFR 141.551 - What strengthened combined filter effluent turbidity limits must my system meet?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false What strengthened combined filter... REGULATIONS Enhanced Filtration and Disinfection-Systems Serving Fewer Than 10,000 People Combined Filter Effluent Requirements § 141.551 What strengthened combined filter effluent turbidity limits must my system...

  10. 40 CFR 141.551 - What strengthened combined filter effluent turbidity limits must my system meet?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false What strengthened combined filter... REGULATIONS Enhanced Filtration and Disinfection-Systems Serving Fewer Than 10,000 People Combined Filter Effluent Requirements § 141.551 What strengthened combined filter effluent turbidity limits must my system...

  11. 40 CFR 141.551 - What strengthened combined filter effluent turbidity limits must my system meet?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false What strengthened combined filter... REGULATIONS Enhanced Filtration and Disinfection-Systems Serving Fewer Than 10,000 People Combined Filter Effluent Requirements § 141.551 What strengthened combined filter effluent turbidity limits must my system...

  12. 40 CFR 141.551 - What strengthened combined filter effluent turbidity limits must my system meet?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false What strengthened combined filter... REGULATIONS Enhanced Filtration and Disinfection-Systems Serving Fewer Than 10,000 People Combined Filter Effluent Requirements § 141.551 What strengthened combined filter effluent turbidity limits must my system...

  13. 40 CFR 405.122 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Whey Subcategory § 405.122 Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent... application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT): (a) For whey drying plants with an input equivalent to more than 57,000 lb/day of 40 percent solids whey (22,800 lb/day of solids...

  14. 40 CFR 417.22 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... CATEGORY Fatty Acid Manufacturing by Fat Splitting Subcategory § 417.22 Effluent limitations guidelines... pollutant properties, controlled by this section and attributable to the hydrogenation of fatty acids, which...

  15. 40 CFR 417.22 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... CATEGORY Fatty Acid Manufacturing by Fat Splitting Subcategory § 417.22 Effluent limitations guidelines... pollutant properties, controlled by this section and attributable to the hydrogenation of fatty acids, which...

  16. Point-nonpoint effluent trading in watersheds: A review and critique

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Jarvie, M.; Solomon, B.

    1998-03-01

    The 1990s have been characterized as the decade of market incentives in US environmental policy-making. Not only is their use expanding for air pollution control, but the US Environmental Protection Agency is now also encouraging the use of market instruments for control of effluents within watersheds. After reviewing general guidelines and principles for effluent trading, this study considers the special problems of point-nonpoint (p-n) sources, the most common focus of effluent trading to date. Four case studies of p-n trading are discussed, which illustrate the promise of the policy. Although only two of these four case study programs have involvedmore » actual effluent trades thus far, they all have resulted in more cost-effective reductions of water pollution. Overall use of effluent trading to date has been modest, and suggestions are made for improvement of this innovative policy.« less

  17. Stormwater quality of spring-summer-fall effluent from three partial-infiltration permeable pavement systems and conventional asphalt pavement.

    PubMed

    Drake, Jennifer; Bradford, Andrea; Van Seters, Tim

    2014-06-15

    This study examined the spring, summer and fall water quality performance of three partial-infiltration permeable pavement (PP) systems and a conventional asphalt pavement in Ontario. The study, conducted between 2010 and 2012, compared the water quality of effluent from two Interlocking Permeable Concrete Pavements (AquaPave(®) and Eco-Optiloc(®)) and a Hydromedia(®) Pervious Concrete pavement with runoff from an Asphalt control pavement. The usage of permeable pavements can mitigate the impact of urbanization on receiving surface water systems through quantity control and stormwater treatment. The PP systems provided excellent stormwater treatment for petroleum hydrocarbons, total suspended solids, metals (copper, iron, manganese and zinc) and nutrients (total-nitrogen and total-phosphorus) by reducing event mean concentrations (EMC) as well as total pollutant loadings. The PPs significantly reduced the concentration and loading of ammonia (NH4(+)+NH3), nitrite (NO2(-)) and organic-nitrogen (Org-N) but increased the concentration and loading of nitrate (NO3(-)). The PP systems had mixed performances for the treatment of phosphate (PO4(3-)). The PP systems increased the concentration of sodium (Na) and chloride (Cl) but EMCs remained well below recommended levels for drinking water quality. Relative to the observed runoff, winter road salt was released more slowly from the PP systems resulting in elevated spring and early-summer Cl and Na concentrations in effluent. PP materials were found to introduce dissolved solids into the infiltrating stormwater. The release of these pollutants was verified by additional laboratory scale testing of the individual pavement and aggregate materials at the University of Guelph. Pollutant concentrations were greatest during the first few months after construction and declined rapidly over the course of the study. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  18. Effects of pulp and paper mill effluents on reproductive success of largemouth bass.

    PubMed

    Sepúlveda, Maria S; Quinn, Brian P; Denslow, Nancy D; Holm, Stewart E; Gross, Timothy S

    2003-01-01

    This study evaluated the effects of bleached and unbleached kraft mill effluent on reproductive success of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Bass were exposed to effluent concentrations (0, 10, 20, 40, or 80%) for 28 and 56 d. Parameters measured included hepatosomatic index (HSI) and gonadosomatic index (GSI) and plasma concentrations of 17beta-estradiol (E2), 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT), and vitellogenin (VTG). At the end of the 56-d period, bass were moved to hatchery ponds to evaluate spawning success. Spawning mats with eggs either were brought indoors for evaluation of fecundities, hatchabilities, and egg and fry size (measured at age 3 d), or were left in ponds and fry number and size recorded (average age of 14 d). Effluent exposure was verified by measuring resin acids (isopimaric, abietic. and dehydroabietic acids) in bile. Compared to controls, exposed bass had greater concentrations of resin acids in bile. In general, exposed females had lower concentrations of E2 and VTG (> or = 20% effluent), whereas males had lower concentrations of 11-KT (> or = 20% effluent) and increased E2 (> or = 20% effluent). The HSI values increased in females (> or = 10% effluent), and GSI values decreased in both sexes (> or = 40% effluent). Fecundity, egg size, and hatchability did not differ across treatments, but an increase in the frequency of fry abnormalities and a decrease in fry weights was observed at effluent exposures of 40% and higher. However, results from the pond study, revealed a significant reduction in fry growth and survival (> or = 10%). This decline may have been caused by an increased frequency of deformities, in conjunction with alterations of growth. These changes could have resulted from alterations in egg quality because of failure of parental reproductive systems, from acute embryo toxicity after translocation of contaminants from the mother to the developing embryo, or from both.

  19. 40 CFR 464.47 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... control technology. [Reserved] 464.47 Section 464.47 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION... attainable by the application of the best conventional pollutant control technology. [Reserved] ...

  20. 40 CFR 454.52 - Effluent limitations and guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Essential Oils Subcategory § 454.52 Effluent limitations and guidelines... properties, controlled by this paragraph, which may be discharged from the manufacture of essential oils by a...

  1. 40 CFR 454.52 - Effluent limitations and guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Essential Oils Subcategory § 454.52 Effluent limitations and guidelines... properties, controlled by this paragraph, which may be discharged from the manufacture of essential oils by a...

  2. 40 CFR 454.52 - Effluent limitations and guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Essential Oils Subcategory § 454.52 Effluent limitations and guidelines... properties, controlled by this paragraph, which may be discharged from the manufacture of essential oils by a...

  3. 40 CFR 421.23 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... (c) Subpart (B)—Anode Bake Plant Wet Air Pollution Control (Closed Top Ring Furnace). BAT Effluent... per million pounds) of anodes baked Benzo(a)pyrene 0.146 0.067 Antimony 8.346 3.719 Nickel 2.378 1.600 Aluminum 26.420 11.720 Fluoride 257.300 114.200 (d) Subpart B—Anode Bake Plant Wet Air Pollution Control...

  4. 40 CFR 421.23 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... (c) Subpart (B)—Anode Bake Plant Wet Air Pollution Control (Closed Top Ring Furnace). BAT Effluent... per million pounds) of anodes baked Benzo(a)pyrene 0.146 0.067 Antimony 8.346 3.719 Nickel 2.378 1.600 Aluminum 26.420 11.720 Fluoride 257.300 114.200 (d) Subpart B—Anode Bake Plant Wet Air Pollution Control...

  5. 40 CFR 421.23 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... (c) Subpart (B)—Anode Bake Plant Wet Air Pollution Control (Closed Top Ring Furnace). BAT Effluent... per million pounds) of anodes baked Benzo(a)pyrene 0.146 0.067 Antimony 8.346 3.719 Nickel 2.378 1.600 Aluminum 26.420 11.720 Fluoride 257.300 114.200 (d) Subpart B—Anode Bake Plant Wet Air Pollution Control...

  6. 40 CFR 421.23 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... (c) Subpart (B)—Anode Bake Plant Wet Air Pollution Control (Closed Top Ring Furnace). BAT Effluent... per million pounds) of anodes baked Benzo(a)pyrene 0.146 0.067 Antimony 8.346 3.719 Nickel 2.378 1.600 Aluminum 26.420 11.720 Fluoride 257.300 114.200 (d) Subpart B—Anode Bake Plant Wet Air Pollution Control...

  7. 40 CFR 421.23 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... (c) Subpart (B)—Anode Bake Plant Wet Air Pollution Control (Closed Top Ring Furnace). BAT Effluent... per million pounds) of anodes baked Benzo(a)pyrene 0.146 0.067 Antimony 8.346 3.719 Nickel 2.378 1.600 Aluminum 26.420 11.720 Fluoride 257.300 114.200 (d) Subpart B—Anode Bake Plant Wet Air Pollution Control...

  8. 40 CFR 141.553 - My system practices lime softening-is there any special provision regarding my combined filter...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... there any special provision regarding my combined filter effluent? 141.553 Section 141.553 Protection of... Filter Effluent Requirements § 141.553 My system practices lime softening—is there any special provision regarding my combined filter effluent? If your system practices lime softening, you may acidify...

  9. 40 CFR 141.553 - My system practices lime softening-is there any special provision regarding my combined filter...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... there any special provision regarding my combined filter effluent? 141.553 Section 141.553 Protection of... Filter Effluent Requirements § 141.553 My system practices lime softening—is there any special provision regarding my combined filter effluent? If your system practices lime softening, you may acidify...

  10. 40 CFR 141.553 - My system practices lime softening-is there any special provision regarding my combined filter...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... there any special provision regarding my combined filter effluent? 141.553 Section 141.553 Protection of... Filter Effluent Requirements § 141.553 My system practices lime softening—is there any special provision regarding my combined filter effluent? If your system practices lime softening, you may acidify...

  11. 40 CFR 141.553 - My system practices lime softening-is there any special provision regarding my combined filter...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... there any special provision regarding my combined filter effluent? 141.553 Section 141.553 Protection of... Filter Effluent Requirements § 141.553 My system practices lime softening—is there any special provision regarding my combined filter effluent? If your system practices lime softening, you may acidify...

  12. 40 CFR 141.553 - My system practices lime softening-is there any special provision regarding my combined filter...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... there any special provision regarding my combined filter effluent? 141.553 Section 141.553 Protection of... Filter Effluent Requirements § 141.553 My system practices lime softening—is there any special provision regarding my combined filter effluent? If your system practices lime softening, you may acidify...

  13. Decolorization and detoxification of two textile industry effluents by the laccase/1-hydroxybenzotriazole system.

    PubMed

    Benzina, Ouafa; Daâssi, Dalel; Zouari-Mechichi, Héla; Frikha, Fakher; Woodward, Steve; Belbahri, Lassaad; Rodriguez-Couto, Susana; Mechichi, Tahar

    2013-08-01

    The aim of this work was to determine the optimal conditions for the decolorization and the detoxification of two effluents from a textile industry-effluent A (the reactive dye bath Bezactive) and effluent B (the direct dye bath Tubantin)-using a laccase mediator system. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize textile effluents decolorization. A Box-Behnken design using RSM with the four variables pH, effluent concentration, 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HBT) concentration, and enzyme (laccase) concentration was used to determine correlations between the effects of these variables on the decolorization of the two effluents. The optimum conditions for pH and concentrations of HBT, effluent and laccase were 5, 1 mM, 50 % and 0.6 U/ml, respectively, for maximum decolorization of effluent A (68 %). For effluent B, optima were 4, 1 mM, 75 %, and 0.6 U/ml, respectively, for maximum decolorization of approximately 88 %. Both effluents were treated at 30 °C for 20 h. A quadratic model was obtained for each decolorization through this design. The experimental and predicted values were in good agreement and both models were highly significant. In addition, the toxicity of the two effluents was determined before and after laccase treatment using Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Bacillus cereus, and germination of tomato seeds.

  14. 40 CFR 405.112 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Condensed Whey Subcategory § 405.112 Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent... application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT): (a) For whey condensing plants with over 300,000 lb/day of fluid raw whey input (over 20,700 lb/day of solids or 14,160 lb/day of...

  15. Removal of organic wastewater contaminants in septic systems using advanced treatment technologies

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Wilcox, J.D.; Bahr, J.M.; Hedman, C.J.; Hemming, J.D.C.; Barman, M.A.E.; Bradbury, K.R.

    2009-01-01

    The detection of pharmaceuticals and other organic wastewater contaminants (OWCs) in ground water and surface-water bodies has raised concerns about the possible ecological impacts of these compounds on nontarget organisms. On-site wastewater treatment systems represent a potentially significant route of entry for organic contaminants to the environment. In this study, effluent samples were collected and analyzed from conventional septic systems and from systems using advanced treatment technologies. Six of 13 target compounds were detected in effluent from at least one septic system. Caffeine, paraxanthine, and acetaminophen were the most frequently detected compounds, and estrogenic activity was detected in 14 of 15 systems. The OWC concentrations were significantly lower in effluent after sand filtration (p < 0.01) or aerobic treatment (p < 0.05) as compared with effluent that had not undergone advanced treatment. In general, concentrations in conventional systems were comparable to those measured in previous studies of municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) influent, and concentrations in systems after advanced treatment were comparable to previously measured concentrations in WWTP effluent. These data indicate that septic systems using advanced treatment can reduce OWCs in treated effluent to similar concentrations as municipal WWTPs. Copyright ?? 2009 by the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America. All rights reserved.

  16. 40 CFR 420.03 - Alternative effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... technology currently available, best available technology economically achievable, best available demonstrated control technology, and best conventional pollutant control technology (the âwater bubbleâ). 420... of best practicable control technology currently available, best available technology economically...

  17. 40 CFR 420.03 - Alternative effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... technology currently available, best available technology economically achievable, best available demonstrated control technology, and best conventional pollutant control technology (the âwater bubbleâ). 420... of best practicable control technology currently available, best available technology economically...

  18. 40 CFR 420.03 - Alternative effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... technology currently available, best available technology economically achievable, best available demonstrated control technology, and best conventional pollutant control technology (the âwater bubbleâ). 420... of best practicable control technology currently available, best available technology economically...

  19. 40 CFR 464.17 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... control technology. [Reserved] 464.17 Section 464.17 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION... reduction attainable by the application of the best conventional pollutant control technology. [Reserved] ...

  20. 40 CFR 464.27 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... control technology. [Reserved] 464.27 Section 464.27 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION... reduction attainable by the application of the best conventional pollutant control technology. [Reserved] ...

  1. 40 CFR 463.27 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... control technology. [Reserved] 463.27 Section 463.27 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION... reduction attainable by the application of the best conventional pollutant control technology. [Reserved] ...

  2. 40 CFR 463.37 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... control technology. [Reserved] 463.37 Section 463.37 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION... reduction attainable by the application of the best conventional pollutant control technology. [Reserved] ...

  3. 40 CFR 421.83 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... .919 .378 (c) Subpart H—Leaching Wet Air Pollution Control. BAT Effluent Limitations Pollutant or... zinc processed through leaching Cadmium .000 .000 Copper .000 .000 Lead .000 .000 Zinc .000 .000 (d...

  4. 40 CFR 421.83 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... .919 .378 (c) Subpart H—Leaching Wet Air Pollution Control. BAT Effluent Limitations Pollutant or... zinc processed through leaching Cadmium .000 .000 Copper .000 .000 Lead .000 .000 Zinc .000 .000 (d...

  5. 40 CFR 421.83 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... .919 .378 (c) Subpart H—Leaching Wet Air Pollution Control. BAT Effluent Limitations Pollutant or... zinc processed through leaching Cadmium .000 .000 Copper .000 .000 Lead .000 .000 Zinc .000 .000 (d...

  6. 40 CFR 421.83 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... .919 .378 (c) Subpart H—Leaching Wet Air Pollution Control. BAT Effluent Limitations Pollutant or... zinc processed through leaching Cadmium .000 .000 Copper .000 .000 Lead .000 .000 Zinc .000 .000 (d...

  7. 40 CFR 454.22 - Effluent limitations and guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... CATEGORY Gum Rosin and Turpentine Subcategory § 454.22 Effluent limitations and guidelines representing the..., controlled by this paragraph, which may be discharged from the manufacture of gum rosin and turpentine by a...

  8. 40 CFR 454.22 - Effluent limitations and guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... CATEGORY Gum Rosin and Turpentine Subcategory § 454.22 Effluent limitations and guidelines representing the..., controlled by this paragraph, which may be discharged from the manufacture of gum rosin and turpentine by a...

  9. 40 CFR 458.43 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... Carbon Black Lamp Process Subcategory § 458.43 Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of..., controlled by this paragraph, which may be discharged from the carbon black lamp process by a point source...

  10. 40 CFR 458.43 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... Carbon Black Lamp Process Subcategory § 458.43 Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of..., controlled by this paragraph, which may be discharged from the carbon black lamp process by a point source...

  11. 40 CFR 458.43 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... Carbon Black Lamp Process Subcategory § 458.43 Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of..., controlled by this paragraph, which may be discharged from the carbon black lamp process by a point source...

  12. 40 CFR 454.42 - Effluent limitations and guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... CATEGORY Tall Oil Rosin, Pitch and Fatty Acids Subcategory § 454.42 Effluent limitations and guidelines... properties, controlled by this paragraph, which may be discharged from the manufacture of tall oil rosin...

  13. Ammonia-based feedforward and feedback aeration control in activated sludge processes.

    PubMed

    Rieger, Leiv; Jones, Richard M; Dold, Peter L; Bott, Charles B

    2014-01-01

    Aeration control at wastewater treatment plants based on ammonia as the controlled variable is applied for one of two reasons: (1) to reduce aeration costs, or (2) to reduce peaks in effluent ammonia. Aeration limitation has proven to result in significant energy savings, may reduce external carbon addition, and can improve denitrification and biological phosphorus (bio-P) performance. Ammonia control for limiting aeration has been based mainly on feedback control to constrain complete nitrification by maintaining approximately one to two milligrams of nitrogen per liter of ammonia in the effluent. Increased attention has been given to feedforward ammonia control, where aeration control is based on monitoring influent ammonia load. Typically, the intent is to anticipate the impact of sudden load changes, and thereby reduce effluent ammonia peaks. This paper evaluates the fundamentals of ammonia control with a primary focus on feedforward control concepts. A case study discussion is presented that reviews different ammonia-based control approaches. In most instances, feedback control meets the objectives for both aeration limitation and containment of effluent ammonia peaks. Feedforward control, applied specifically for switching aeration on or off in swing zones, can be beneficial when the plant encounters particularly unusual influent disturbances.

  14. 40 CFR 451.11 - Effluent limitations attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT). 451.11 Section 451.11... § 451.11 Effluent limitations attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... professional judgment) representing the application of BPT: (a) Solids control. The permittee must: (1) Employ...

  15. 40 CFR 451.11 - Effluent limitations attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT). 451.11 Section 451.11... § 451.11 Effluent limitations attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... professional judgment) representing the application of BPT: (a) Solids control. The permittee must: (1) Employ...

  16. Spatial Trends of Pharmaceuticals in an Urbanized Estuary: Influence of Wastewater Effluents in Narragansett Bay, RI, USA

    EPA Science Inventory

    For years, pharmaceuticals have been routinely detected in wastewater treatment plant effluents and freshwater systems. Wastewater effluent serves as a primary source of pharmaceutical compounds to natural waters. Many marine and estuarine systems receive inputs either directly...

  17. Dairy Wastes.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Pico, Richard F.

    1978-01-01

    Presents a literature review of wastes from the dairy industry covering publications of 1976-77. This review covers: (1) government regulations; (2) ion-plant control of dairy effluents; (3) dairy effluent treatment methods; and (4) research on dairy effluents. A list of 26 references is also presented. (HM)

  18. Acute and early life stage toxicity of industrial effluent on Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes).

    PubMed

    Zha, Jinmiao; Wang, Zijian

    2006-03-15

    To develop the whole effluent toxicity testing methods (WET), embryo larval stage toxicity test using Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) was conducted to evaluate an effluent from a banknote printing plant (BPP). The method is based on acute toxicity using endpoint of 96-h larval morality and on chronic toxicity using endpoints such as the time to hatch, hatching success, deformity, growth rate, swim-up failure, accumulative mortality and sexual ratio. In test for 96-h larval mortality, LC50 (the concentration was lethal to 50% of newly hatching medaka larvae) was 72.9%. In chronic toxicity test, newly fertilized embryos (<5-h old) were exposed to 1%, 6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, 50% effluent concentrations and to 200 mug/l BPA in a 24-h static renewal system at 25+/-1 degrees C until 15 day post-hatch. The results showed that all chronic endpoints were significantly different from the control at 50% dilution (p < 0.01). Embryos began to show lesions on 4th day at higher concentrations (12.5%, 25%, 50% BPP effluent concentrations). Treatment group of 25% dilution showed delayed time to hatch. A reduction in body weight was observed at 25% dilutions for males and females, respectively. Deformities were observed in newly hatched larvae at 25% and 50% BPP effluent concentrations. At 25% dilution, sex ratio of larvae was alternated and there was feminization phenomenon. We conclude that embryo larval stage test using medaka is feasible to evaluate both acute and chronic toxicities and potential endocrine disrupting activity of industrial effluents.

  19. Assessment of heavy metals in the industrial effluents, tube-wells and municipal supplied water of Dehradun, India.

    PubMed

    Kulshrestha, Shail; Awasthi, Alok; Dabral, S K

    2013-07-01

    The bio-geochemical cycles of metals involve the lands, rivers, oceans and the atmosphere. Although a large number of metals are introduced to the water bodies during their mining and extraction processes and geochemical weathering of rocks, but the role of domestic and industrial wastes is predominant and of much concern. Increased industrial activities has increased the incidence of percolation of toxic metal ions to the soil and water bodies and presently their presence in ecosystem, have reached to an alarming level that environmentalists are finding it difficult to enforce control measures. Human activities and large number of small and big industrial units are increasingly discharging deleterious metals present in the effluents and wastes, to the environment and aquatic systems and have contaminated heavily even the ground water. The toxic metals have a great tendency of bioaccumulation through which they enter the food chain system and ultimately affect adversely the life on this planet Earth in various ways. Further, due to contamination of irrigation system by the harmful Chemicals and toxic metals, the farm products, vegetables, fruits, potable water and even milk is not spared. This paper describes the assessment of the heavy metal concentration in various industrial effluents of the surrounding area. Various physico-chemical characteristics of the effluents collected from various sites are also reported. To assess the status of ground water quality, water samples from four tube wells of different localities of the area and four drinking water samples supplied by Municipal Distribution System were also analyzed.

  20. Metabolic response of environmentally isolated microorganisms to industrial effluents: Use of a newly described cell culture assay

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Ferebee, Robert N.

    1992-01-01

    An environmental application using a microtiter culture assay to measure the metabolic sensitivity of microorganisms to petrochemical effluents will be tested. The Biomedical Operations and Research Branch at NASA JSC has recently developed a rapid and nondestructive method to measure cell growth and metabolism. Using a colorimetric procedure the uniquely modified assay allows the metabolic kinetics of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells to be measured. Use of such an assay if adapted for the routine monitoring of waste products, process effluents, and environmentally hazardous substances may prove to be invaluable to the industrial community. The microtiter method as described will be tested using microorganisms isolated from the Galveston Bay aquatic habitat. The microbial isolates will be identified prior to testing using the automated systems available at JSC. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), cadmium, and lead will provide control toxic chemicals. The toxicity of industrial effluent from two industrial sites will be tested. An effort will be made to test the efficacy of this assay for measuring toxicity in a mixed culture community.

  1. 40 CFR 426.27 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... conventional pollutant control technology: There shall be no discharge of process waste water pollutants to... control technology. 426.27 Section 426.27 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... attainable by the application of the best conventional pollutant control technology. The following...

  2. 40 CFR 424.57 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... conventional pollutant control technology: There shall be no discharge of process waste water pollutants to... control technology. 424.57 Section 424.57 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... reduction attainable by the application of the best conventional pollutant control technology. The following...

  3. 40 CFR 418.67 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... conventional pollutant control technology: There shall be no discharge of process waste water pollutants to... control technology. 418.67 Section 418.67 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... attainable by the application of the best conventional pollutant control technology. The following...

  4. 40 CFR 426.37 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... conventional pollutant control technology: There shall be no discharge of process waste water pollutants to... control technology. 426.37 Section 426.37 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... attainable by the application of the best conventional pollutant control technology. The following...

  5. An evaluation of the seven-day toxicity test with Americamysis bahia (formerly Mysidopsis bahia)

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Lussier, S.M.; Kuhn, A.; Comeleo, R.

    The 7-d test measuring survival, growth, and fecundity of Americamysis bahia (formerly Mysidopsis bahia) was developed for estimating the chronic toxicity of effluents and associated receiving waters for National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permits. Currently, this test and its derivatives are also used in toxicity identification evaluation (TIE), risk assessment, and other applications. To evaluate the relative sensitivity of three measurement endpoints (survival, growth, and fecundity), the authors analyzed results from 115 tests with effluents, organic or inorganic chemicals, and receiving waters suspected of being toxic. Controls for 78 of these achieved acceptable survival and growth. Fifty of these 78more » tests also achieved acceptable control fecundity. In the 47 tests with significant effects, survival was the most sensitive response in 57%, fecundity in 30%, and growth in 30%. There was little duplication in responses. Improving pretest holding conditions by decreasing the maximum density from {approximately}20 to 10 animals/L and increasing the temperature from {approximately}26 C to a range of 26 to 27 C improved the growth and fecundity in controls. Although the percentage of tests achieving acceptable control survival and growth decreased from 93 to 86%, the percentage achieving acceptable fecundity in controls increased from 60 to 97%. Seasonal differences in fecundity were detected among control groups. Although variable, fecundity is often the most sensitive measure of response. The 7-d mysid test estimates the chronic toxicity of effluents most effectively when all three endpoints are used.« less

  6. Facility effluent monitoring plan for the plutonium uranium extraction facility

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Wiegand, D.L.

    A facility effluent monitoring plan is required by the US Department of Energy in DOE Order 5400.1 for any operations that involve hazardous materials and radioactive substances that could impact employee or public safety or the environment. This document is prepared using the specific guidelines identified in A Guide for Preparing Hanford Site Facility Effluent Monitoring Plans, WHC-EP-0438-01. This facility effluent monitoring plan assesses effluent monitoring systems and evaluates whether they are adequate to ensure the public health and safety as specified in applicable federal, state, and local requirements. This facility effluent monitoring plan shall ensure long-range integrity of themore » effluent monitoring systems by requiring an update whenever a new process or operation introduces new hazardous materials or significant radioactive materials. This document must be reviewed annually even if there are no operational changes, and it must be updated at a minimum of every three years.« less

  7. Residuals Charges for Pollution Control: A Policy Evaluation

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Freeman, A. Myrick, III; Haveman, Robert H.

    1972-01-01

    Contrasts the effects of a policy of regulation of pollutant discharge by enforcement of a permit system with the likely consequences of a policy of charging for effluents, thus increasing the cost of discharge. The charge for residuals is favored, and it is suggested that trials of the system be conducted, perhaps with a federal tax on emission…

  8. Influence of detergent formulation on nutrient movement through sand columns simulating mound and conventional septic system drainfields

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Alhajjar, Bashar J.; Linn Gould, C.; Chesters, Gordon; Harkin, John M.

    1990-12-01

    The effects of phosphate (P) and zeolite (Z) -built detergents on leaching of N and P through sand columns simulating septic system drainfields were examined in laboratory columns. To simulate mound septic system drainfields, paired sets of columns were dosed intermittently with septic tank effluent from households using P- or Z-built detergent. Two other paired sets of columns were flooded with P- or Z-effluent to simulate new conventional septic system drainfields; after clogging mats or "crusts" developed at infiltration surface, the subsurfaces of the columns were aerated to simulate mature (crusted) conventional septic system drainfields. NO 3 loading in leachate was 1.1 times higher and ortho-P loading was 4.3 times lower when columns were dosed with Z- than with P-effluent. Dosed columns removed P poorly; total phosphorus (TP) loading in leachate was 81 and 19 g m -2 yr -1 with P- and Z-effluent, respectively. In flooded columns 1.3, 2.0 and 1.8 times more NH 4, organic nitrogen (ON) and total nitrogen (TN) respectively, were leached with Z- than with P-effluent; NO 3 leaching was similar. Flooded columns removed P efficiently; TP leached through flooded systems was 2.5 and 1.4 g m -2 yr -1 with P- and Z effluent, respectively. Crusted columns fed Z-effluent leached 1.2, 2.6, 1.4 and 2.1 times more NH 4, NO 3, ON and TN, respectively, than those with P-effluent but 1.8 times less TP. Crusted columns removed P satisfactorily: 8.2 and 4.6 g m -2 yr -1 TP with P- and Z-effluent, respectively. The P-built detergent substantially improves the efficiency of N removal with satisfactory P removal in columns simulating conventional septic system drainfield. Simultaneous removal of N and P under flooded conditions might be explained by precipitation of struvite-type minerals. Dosed system drainfields were less efficient in removing N and P compared to flooded and crusted system drainfelds.

  9. Surface-Water to Groundwater Transport of Pharmaceuticals in a Wastewater-Impacted Stream in the U.S.

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bradley, P. M.; Barber, L. B.; Duris, J. W.; Foreman, W. T.; Furlong, E. T.; Hubbard, L. E.; Hutchinson, K. J.; Keefe, S. H.; Kolpin, D. W.

    2014-12-01

    Wastewater pharmaceutical contamination of shallow groundwater is a substantial concern in effluent-dominated streams, due to aqueous mobility and designed bioactivity of pharmaceuticals and due to effluent-driven hydraulic gradients. Improved understanding of the environmental fate and transport of wastewater-derived pharmaceuticals is essential for effective protection of vital aquatic ecosystem services, environmental health, and drinking-water supplies. Substantial longitudinal (downstream) transport of pharmaceutical contaminants has been documented in effluent-impacted streams. The comparative lack of information on vertical and lateral transport (infiltration) of wastewater contaminants from surface-water to hyporheic and shallow groundwater compartments is a critical scientific data gap, given the potential for contamination of groundwater supplies in effluent-impacted systems. Growing dependencies on bank filtration and artificial recharge applications for release of wastewater to the environment and for pretreatment of poor-quality surface-water for drinking water emphasize the critical need to better understand the exchange of wastewater contaminants, like pharmaceuticals, between surface-water and groundwater compartments. The potential transport of effluent-derived pharmaceutical contaminants from surface-water to hyporheic-water and shallow groundwater compartments was examined in a wastewater-treatment-facility (WWTF) impacted stream in Ankeny, Iowa under effluent-dominated (71-99% of downstream flow) conditions. Strong hydraulic gradients and hydrologic connectivity were evident between surface-water and shallow-groundwater compartments in the vicinity of the WWTF outfall. Carbamazepine, sulfamethoxazole, and immunologically-related compounds were detected in groundwater 10-20 meters from the stream bank. Direct aqueous-injection HPLC-MS/MS revealed high percentage detections of pharmaceuticals (110 total analytes) in surface-water and groundwater samples. The results demonstrate the importance of effluent discharge as a driver of local hydrologic conditions in an effluent-impacted stream and thus as a fundamental control on surface-water to groundwater transport of effluent-derived pharmaceutical contaminants.

  10. Biofloc improves water, effluent quality and growth parameters of Penaeus vannamei in an intensive culture system.

    PubMed

    Santhana Kumar, V; Pandey, P K; Anand, Theivasigamani; Bhuvaneswari, G Rathi; Dhinakaran, A; Kumar, Saurav

    2018-06-01

    Biofloc technology was evaluated with a view to analyse utilization of nitrogenous waste from the effluent and to improve water quality and growth parameters of Penaeus vannamei in intensive culture system. The experiment was carried out in two different treatment outdoor earthen ponds of 0.12 ha, one supplemented with carbon source (molasses, wheat and sugar) for biofloc formation and other was feed based control pond with a stocking density of 60 animals m -2 in duplicate for 120 days. Water, sediment and P. vannamei were sampled at regular intervals from the both set of ponds for evaluating physico-chemical parameters, nitrogen content and growth parameters, respectively. A significant reduction in the concentration of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) and nitrite (NO 2 -N) were found in the biofloc pond than that of control pond. A significant low level of nitrogen was recorded in the effluents of biofloc pond in comparison to the control. In biofloc system, a significantly elevated heterotrophic bacterial count along with reduction in total Vibrio count was noticed. A significant improvement in the feed conversion efficiency (FCR) and growth parameters of P. vannamei was noticed in the biofloc pond. Growth of P. vannamei in the biofloc pond showed positive allometric pattern with an increased survival. The microbial biomass grown in biofloc consumes toxic inorganic nitrogen and converts it into useful protein, making it available for the cultured shrimp. This improved FCR and reduced the discharge of nitrogenous waste into adjacent environment, making intensive shrimp farming an eco-friendly enterprise. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  11. Understanding the hydrologic impacts of wastewater treatment plant discharge to shallow groundwater: Before and after plant shutdown

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Hubbard, Laura E.; Keefe, Steffanie H.; Kolpin, Dana W.; Barber, Larry B.; Duris, Joseph W.; Hutchinson, Kasey J.; Bradley, Paul M.

    2016-01-01

    Effluent-impacted surface water has the potential to transport not only water, but wastewater-derived contaminants to shallow groundwater systems. To better understand the effects of effluent discharge on in-stream and near-stream hydrologic conditions in wastewater-impacted systems, water-level changes were monitored in hyporheic-zone and shallow-groundwater piezometers in a reach of Fourmile Creek adjacent to and downstream of the Ankeny (Iowa, USA) wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Water-level changes were monitored from approximately 1.5 months before to 0.5 months after WWTP closure. Diurnal patterns in WWTP discharge were closely mirrored in stream and shallow-groundwater levels immediately upstream and up to 3 km downstream of the outfall, indicating that such discharge was the primary control on water levels before shutdown. The hydrologic response to WWTP shutdown was immediately observed throughout the study reach, verifying the far-reaching hydraulic connectivity and associated contaminant transport risk. The movement of WWTP effluent into alluvial aquifers has implications for potential WWTP-derived contamination of shallow groundwater far removed from the WWTP outfall.

  12. Caustic Recycling Pilot Unit to Separate Sodium from LLW at Hanford Site - 12279

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Pendleton, Justin; Bhavaraju, Sai; Priday, George

    As part of the Department of Energy (DOE) sponsored Advanced Remediation Technologies initiative, a scheme was developed to combine Continuous Sludge Leaching (CSL), Near-Tank Cesium Removal (NTCR), and Caustic Recycling Unit (CRU) using Ceramatec technology, into a single system known as the Pilot Near-Tank Treatment System (PNTTS). The Cesium (Cs) decontaminated effluent from the NTCR process will be sent to the caustic recycle process for recovery of the caustic which will be reused in another cycle of caustic leaching in the CSL process. Such an integrated mobile technology demonstration will give DOE the option to insert this process for sodiummore » management at various sites in Hanford, and will minimize the addition of further sodium into the waste tanks. This allows for recycling of the caustic used to remove aluminum during sludge washing as a pretreatment step in the vitrification of radioactive waste which will decrease the Low Level Waste (LLW) volume by as much as 39%. The CRU pilot process was designed to recycle sodium in the form of pure sodium hydroxide. The basis for the design of the 1/4 scale pilot caustic recycling unit was to demonstrate the efficient operation of a larger scale system to recycle caustic from the NTCR effluent stream from the Parsons process. The CRU was designed to process 0.28 liter/minute of NTCR effluent, and generate 10 M concentration of 'usable' sodium hydroxide. The proposed process operates at 40 deg. C to provide additional aluminum solubility and then recover the sodium hydroxide to the point where the aluminum is saturated at 40 deg. C. A system was developed to safely separate and vent the gases generated during operation of the CRU with the production of 10 M sodium hydroxide. Caustic was produced at a rate between 1.9 to 9.3 kg/hr. The CRU was located inside an ISO container to allow for moving of the unit close to tank locations to process the LLW stream. Actual tests were conducted with the NTCR effluent simulant from the Parsons process in the CRU. The modular CRU is easily scalable as a standalone system for caustic recycling, or for NTTS integration or for use as an In-Tank Treatment System to process sodium bearing waste to meet LLW processing needs at the Hanford site. The standalone pilot operation of the CRU to recycle sodium from NTCR effluent places the technology demonstration at TRL level 6. Multiple operations were performed with the CRU to process up to 500 gallons of the NTCR effluent and demonstrate an efficient separation of up to 70 % of the sodium without solids precipitation while producing 10 M caustic. Batch mode operation was conducted to study the effects of chemistry variation, establish the processing rate, and optimize the process operating conditions to recycle caustic from the NTCR effluent. The performance of the CRU was monitored by tracking the density parameter to control the concentration of caustic produced. Different levels of sodium were separated in tests from the effluent at a fixed operating current density and temperature. The voltage of the modules remained stable during the unit operation which demonstrated steady operation to separate sodium from the NTCR effluent. The sodium transfer current efficiency was measured in testing based on the concentration of caustic produced. Measurements showed a current efficiency of 99.8% for sodium transfer from the NTCR effluent to make sodium hydroxide. The sodium and hydroxide contents of the anolyte (NTCR feed) and catholyte (caustic product) were measured before and after each batch test. In two separate batch tests, samples were taken at different levels of sodium separation and analyzed to determine the stability of the NTCR effluent after sodium separation. The stability characteristics and changes in physical and chemical properties of the NTCR effluent chemistry after separation of sodium hydroxide as a function of storage time were evaluated. Parameters such as level of precipitated alumina, total alkalinity, analysis of Al, Na, K, Cs, Fe, OH, nitrate, nitrite, total dissolved and undissolved solids, viscosity, density, and other parameters of the NTCR effluent were measured. Changes in rheology and properties of NTCR stream to support downstream handling of the effluent after sodium separation was the basis for the analysis. The results show that the NTCR effluent is stable without the precipitation of aluminum hydroxide after 70% of the sodium was separated from the effluent. (authors)« less

  13. Analysis of sugar mill effluent and its influence on germination and growth of African marigold ( Tagetes erecta L.)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Vaithiyanathan, Thanapal; Sundaramoorthy, Perumal

    2017-12-01

    Sugar industry is a very important agro-based industry in India and it discharges large amount of effluent into water bodies to create high pollution in water bodies which affects the plants and other living organisms. In the present investigation, the physico-chemical analyses of N. P. K. R. Ramaswamy co-operative sugar mill effluent was determined and impact of different concentrations (control, 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) of sugar mill effluent on seed germination behavior of African marigold ( Tagetes erecta L.) was studied. The morphological parameters such as germination percentage, shoot length, root length, fresh weight and dry weight of seedlings, seed vigour index, tolerance index and percentage of phytotoxicity were calculated. The results recorded for the analyses of sugar mill effluent indicated their some parameters such as PH, EC, acidity, TDS, TS, BOD, COD, sulphate, magnesium, nitrogen, zinc, iron, copper, lead, manganese and oil and grease exceeded the permissible limit compared to Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board (TNPCB) and then germination and growth parameters increased in lower (10%) concentration of sugar mill effluent and this morphological parameters gradually decreased with increasing effluent concentration. The lower (10%) concentration of sugar mill effluent may be used for irrigation purposes.

  14. 40 CFR Appendix E to Part 52 - Performance Specifications and, Specification Test Procedures for Monitoring Systems for Effluent...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ..., Specification Test Procedures for Monitoring Systems for Effluent Stream Gas Volumetric Flow Rate E Appendix E... Stream Gas Volumetric Flow Rate 1. Principle and applicability. 1.1Principle. Effluent stream gas... method is applicable to subparts which require continuous gas volumetric flow rate measurement...

  15. 40 CFR Appendix E to Part 52 - Performance Specifications and, Specification Test Procedures for Monitoring Systems for Effluent...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ..., Specification Test Procedures for Monitoring Systems for Effluent Stream Gas Volumetric Flow Rate E Appendix E... Stream Gas Volumetric Flow Rate 1. Principle and applicability. 1.1Principle. Effluent stream gas... method is applicable to subparts which require continuous gas volumetric flow rate measurement...

  16. 40 CFR 429.52 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... technology (BCT). [Reserved] 429.52 Section 429.52 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS TIMBER PRODUCTS PROCESSING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Dry Process... by the application of the best conventional pollutant control technology (BCT). [Reserved] ...

  17. 40 CFR 427.102 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... technology currently available. 427.102 Section 427.102 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS ASBESTOS MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Vapor... reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available...

  18. A Comparison of Electromagnetic Induction Mapping to Measurements of Maximum Effluent Flow Depth for Assessing Flow Paths in Vegetative Treatment Areas

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    Vegetative treatment systems (VTSs) are one type of control structure that has shown potential to control runoff from open feedlots. To achieve maximum performance, sheet-flow over the width of the vegetative treatment area (VTA) is required. Tools, such as maps of flow paths through the VTA, are ne...

  19. 40 CFR 434.82 - Effluent limitations attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT). 434.82 Section 434.82... practicable control technology currently available (BPT). Except as provided in 40 CFR 125.30 through 125.32, the following effluent limitations apply to mine drainage from applicable areas of western coal mining...

  20. 40 CFR 434.82 - Effluent limitations attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT). 434.82 Section 434.82... control technology currently available (BPT). Except as provided in 40 CFR 125.30 through 125.32, the following effluent limitations apply to mine drainage from applicable areas of western coal mining...

  1. 40 CFR 434.82 - Effluent limitations attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT). 434.82 Section 434.82... practicable control technology currently available (BPT). Except as provided in 40 CFR 125.30 through 125.32, the following effluent limitations apply to mine drainage from applicable areas of western coal mining...

  2. 40 CFR 434.82 - Effluent limitations attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT). 434.82 Section 434.82... practicable control technology currently available (BPT). Except as provided in 40 CFR 125.30 through 125.32, the following effluent limitations apply to mine drainage from applicable areas of western coal mining...

  3. 40 CFR 434.82 - Effluent limitations attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT). 434.82 Section 434.82... control technology currently available (BPT). Except as provided in 40 CFR 125.30 through 125.32, the following effluent limitations apply to mine drainage from applicable areas of western coal mining...

  4. 40 CFR 422.57 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... control technology. 422.57 Section 422.57 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... reduction attainable by the application of the best conventional pollutant control technology. The following... conventional pollutant control technology: (a) Subject to the provisions of paragraphs (b), (c) and (d) of this...

  5. 40 CFR 422.47 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... control technology. 422.47 Section 422.47 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... reduction attainable by the application of the best conventional pollutant control technology. The following... conventional pollutant control technology: (a) Subject to the provisions of paragraphs (b), (c) and (d) of this...

  6. 40 CFR 439.13 - Effluent limitations attainable by the application of the best conventional pollutant control...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... application of the best conventional pollutant control technology (BCT). 439.13 Section 439.13 Protection of... MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Fermentation Products § 439.13 Effluent limitations attainable by the application of the best conventional pollutant control technology (BCT). Except as provided in 40 CFR 125.30...

  7. 40 CFR 439.13 - Effluent limitations attainable by the application of the best conventional pollutant control...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... application of the best conventional pollutant control technology (BCT). 439.13 Section 439.13 Protection of...) PHARMACEUTICAL MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Fermentation Products § 439.13 Effluent limitations attainable by the application of the best conventional pollutant control technology (BCT). Except as provided in...

  8. 40 CFR 439.13 - Effluent limitations attainable by the application of the best conventional pollutant control...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... application of the best conventional pollutant control technology (BCT). 439.13 Section 439.13 Protection of...) PHARMACEUTICAL MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Fermentation Products § 439.13 Effluent limitations attainable by the application of the best conventional pollutant control technology (BCT). Except as provided in...

  9. 40 CFR 439.13 - Effluent limitations attainable by the application of the best conventional pollutant control...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... application of the best conventional pollutant control technology (BCT). 439.13 Section 439.13 Protection of...) PHARMACEUTICAL MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Fermentation Products § 439.13 Effluent limitations attainable by the application of the best conventional pollutant control technology (BCT). Except as provided in...

  10. Effect of application of dairy manure, effluent and inorganic fertilizer on nitrogen leaching in clayey fluvo-aquic soil: A lysimeter study.

    PubMed

    Fan, Jianling; Xiao, Jiao; Liu, Deyan; Ye, Guiping; Luo, Jiafa; Houlbrooke, David; Laurenson, Seth; Yan, Jing; Chen, Lvjun; Tian, Jinping; Ding, Weixin

    2017-08-15

    Dairy farm manure and effluent are applied to cropland in China to provide a source of plant nutrients, but there are concerns over its effect on nitrogen (N) leaching loss and groundwater quality. To investigate the effects of land application of dairy manure and effluent on potential N leaching loss, two lysimeter trials were set up in clayey fluvo-aquic soil in a winter wheat-summer maize rotation cropping system on the North China Plain. The solid dairy manure trial included control without N fertilization (CK), inorganic N fertilizer (SNPK), and fresh (RAW) and composted (COM) dairy manure. The liquid dairy effluent trial consisted of control without N fertilization (CF), inorganic N fertilizer (ENPK), and fresh (FDE) and stored (SDE) dairy effluent. The N application rate was 225kgNha -1 for inorganic N fertilizer, dairy manure, and effluent treatments in both seasons. Annual N leaching loss (ANLL) was highest in SNPK (53.02 and 16.21kgNha -1 in 2013/2014 and 2014/2015, respectively), which were 1.65- and 2.04-fold that of COM, and 1.59- and 1.26-fold that of RAW. In the effluent trial (2014/2015), ANLL for ENPK and SDE (16.22 and 16.86kgNha -1 , respectively) were significantly higher than CF and FDE (6.3 and 13.21kgNha -1 , respectively). NO 3 - contributed the most (34-92%) to total N leaching loss among all treatments, followed by dissolved organic N (14-57%). COM showed the lowest N leaching loss due to a reduction in NO 3 - loss. Yield-scaled N leaching in COM (0.35kgNMg -1 silage) was significantly (P<0.05) lower than that in the other fertilization treatments. Therefore, the use of composted dairy manure should be increased and that of inorganic fertilizer decreased to reduce N leaching loss while ensuring high crop yield in the North China Plain. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  11. 40 CFR 469.19 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... technology (BCT). 469.19 Section 469.19 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Semiconductor... application of the best conventional pollution control technology (BCT). Except as provided in 40 CFR 125.30...

  12. 40 CFR 469.29 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... technology (BCT). 469.29 Section 469.29 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Electronic... by the application of the best conventional pollution control technology (BCT). Except as provided in...

  13. 40 CFR 423.12 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... technology currently available (BPT). 423.12 Section 423.12 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS STEAM ELECTRIC POWER GENERATING POINT SOURCE... by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT). (a) In...

  14. 40 CFR 428.93 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... Digestion, and Mechanical Reclaimed Rubber Subcategory § 428.93 Effluent limitations guidelines representing... pollutants or pollutant properties, controlled by this section, and attributable to pan, dry digestion, and mechanical reclaimed rubber processes which are integrated with a wet digestion reclaimed rubber process...

  15. 40 CFR 428.93 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... Digestion, and Mechanical Reclaimed Rubber Subcategory § 428.93 Effluent limitations guidelines representing... pollutants or pollutant properties, controlled by this section, and attributable to pan, dry digestion, and mechanical reclaimed rubber processes which are integrated with a wet digestion reclaimed rubber process...

  16. 40 CFR 428.93 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... Digestion, and Mechanical Reclaimed Rubber Subcategory § 428.93 Effluent limitations guidelines representing... pollutants or pollutant properties, controlled by this section, and attributable to pan, dry digestion, and mechanical reclaimed rubber processes which are integrated with a wet digestion reclaimed rubber process...

  17. 40 CFR 410.52 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS TEXTILE MILLS POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Knit Fabric Finishing... attributable to the finishing of knit fabrics through simple manufacturing operations employing a natural and..., controlled by this section and attributable to the finishing of knit fabrics through complex manufacturing...

  18. 40 CFR 410.52 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS TEXTILE MILLS POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Knit Fabric Finishing... attributable to the finishing of knit fabrics through simple manufacturing operations employing a natural and..., controlled by this section and attributable to the finishing of knit fabrics through complex manufacturing...

  19. 40 CFR 415.302 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... best practicable control technology currently available (BPT): Subpart AD—Calcium Carbonate Milk of... SOURCE CATEGORY Calcium Carbonate Production Subcategory § 415.302 Effluent limitations guidelines... point source subject to this subpart and using the milk of lime process must achieve the following...

  20. 40 CFR 415.207 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... control technology (BCT). 415.207 Section 415.207 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS INORGANIC CHEMICALS MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE... technology (BCT). Except as provided in 40 CFR 125.30 through 125.32 any existing point source subject to...

  1. 40 CFR 415.227 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... control technology (BCT). 415.227 Section 415.227 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS INORGANIC CHEMICALS MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE... technology (BCT). Except as provided in 40 CFR 125.30 through 125.32, any existing point source subject to...

  2. 40 CFR 440.52 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... technology currently available (BPT): (a) The concentration of pollutants discharged in mine drainage from... technology currently available (BPT). 440.52 Section 440.52 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology...

  3. 40 CFR 440.52 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... technology currently available (BPT): (a) The concentration of pollutants discharged in mine drainage from... technology currently available (BPT). 440.52 Section 440.52 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology...

  4. 40 CFR 440.52 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... technology currently available (BPT): (a) The concentration of pollutants discharged in mine drainage from... technology currently available (BPT). 440.52 Section 440.52 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology...

  5. 40 CFR 415.222 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... SOURCE CATEGORY Titanium Dioxide Production Subcategory § 415.222 Effluent limitations guidelines... point source subject to this subpart and producing titanium dioxide by the sulfate process must achieve... application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT): Subpart V—Titanium Dioxide...

  6. 40 CFR 415.222 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... SOURCE CATEGORY Titanium Dioxide Production Subcategory § 415.222 Effluent limitations guidelines... point source subject to this subpart and producing titanium dioxide by the sulfate process must achieve... application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT): Subpart V—Titanium Dioxide...

  7. 40 CFR 415.222 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... SOURCE CATEGORY Titanium Dioxide Production Subcategory § 415.222 Effluent limitations guidelines... point source subject to this subpart and producing titanium dioxide by the sulfate process must achieve... application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT): Subpart V—Titanium Dioxide...

  8. 40 CFR 415.222 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... SOURCE CATEGORY Titanium Dioxide Production Subcategory § 415.222 Effluent limitations guidelines... point source subject to this subpart and producing titanium dioxide by the sulfate process must achieve... application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT): Subpart V—Titanium Dioxide...

  9. 40 CFR 415.222 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... SOURCE CATEGORY Titanium Dioxide Production Subcategory § 415.222 Effluent limitations guidelines... point source subject to this subpart and producing titanium dioxide by the sulfate process must achieve... application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT): Subpart V—Titanium Dioxide...

  10. 40 CFR 469.19 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... technology (BCT). 469.19 Section 469.19 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS POINT SOURCE CATEGORY... by the application of the best conventional pollution control technology (BCT). Except as provided in...

  11. 40 CFR 469.29 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... technology (BCT). 469.29 Section 469.29 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS POINT SOURCE CATEGORY... attainable by the application of the best conventional pollution control technology (BCT). Except as provided...

  12. 40 CFR 469.19 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... technology (BCT). 469.19 Section 469.19 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS POINT SOURCE CATEGORY... by the application of the best conventional pollution control technology (BCT). Except as provided in...

  13. 40 CFR 469.19 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... technology (BCT). 469.19 Section 469.19 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS POINT SOURCE CATEGORY... by the application of the best conventional pollution control technology (BCT). Except as provided in...

  14. 40 CFR 469.29 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... technology (BCT). 469.29 Section 469.29 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS POINT SOURCE CATEGORY... attainable by the application of the best conventional pollution control technology (BCT). Except as provided...

  15. 40 CFR 469.29 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... technology (BCT). 469.29 Section 469.29 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS POINT SOURCE CATEGORY... attainable by the application of the best conventional pollution control technology (BCT). Except as provided...

  16. 40 CFR 426.123 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS GLASS MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Incandescent Lamp... quality of pollutants or pollutant properties, controlled by this section, which may be discharged by a... technology economically achievable: (a) [Reserved] (b) Any manufacturing plant which frosts incandescent lamp...

  17. Determination of Phenols and Trimethylamine in Industrial Effluents

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Levaggi, D. A.; Feldstein, M.

    1971-01-01

    For regulatory purposes to control certain odorous compounds the analysis of phenols and trimethylamines in industrial effluents is necessary. The Bay Area Air Pollution Control District laboratory has been determining these gases by gas chromatographic techniques. The procedures for sample collection, preparation for analysis and determination are described in detail. Typical data from various sources showing the effect of proposed regulations is shown. Extensive sampling and usage of these procedures has shown them to be accurate, reliable and suitable to all types of source effluents.

  18. Potential for enhancement of aerobic biological removal of recalcitrant organic matter in bleached pulp mill effluents.

    PubMed

    Mounteer, A H; Souza, L C; Silva, C M

    2007-02-01

    Increasingly stringent effluent quality limits for bleached kraft pulp mills pose a great challenge to mill wastewater system managers since these limits can require levels of chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency rarely reported for biological treatment of these types of effluents. The present study was therefore undertaken to better understand the nature of recalcitrant COD in bleached kraft pulp effluents that persists through the biological treatment system. Bleaching effluents from a Brazilian eucalypt bleached kraft pulp mill were collected and treated in a bench-scale sequencing batch reactor. Organic matter in raw and treated effluents was characterized before and after separation into low and high molecular mass fractions. Biological treatment removed 71% of the COD, with 83% removal of the low molecular mass COD but only 36% removal of the high molecular mass COD. Microorganisms capable of degrading the recalcitrant COD were isolated from enrichment cultures of the original activated sludge fed on fractions of the bleaching effluent that presented low biodegradabilities. Use of a microbial consortium composed of ten of these isolates to treat the biologically treated effluent removed a further 12% of the effluent COD, all from the high molecular mass fraction. Results of this research indicate that microorganisms with potential for degrading recalcitrant COD are present in activated sludge, but that these are not metabolically active during normal activated sludge treatment of mill effluents. The use of biological selectors in the treatment system to promote growth of such microorganisms may enhance removal of recalcitrant organic matter.

  19. 40 CFR 420.17 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... loadings, not to exceed 11 percent of the above limitations, are allowed for by-product coke plants which... systems generate an increased effluent volume. (b) By-product cokemaking—merchant. Subpart A Pollutant or... allowed for by-product coke plants which have wet desulfurization systems but only to the extent such...

  20. Effluent Charts Help | ECHO | US EPA

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Effluent Charts present dynamic charts and tables of permitted effluent limits, releases, and violations over time for Clean Water Act (CWA) wastewater discharge permits issued under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES).

  1. Factors affecting cleanup of exhaust gases from a pressurized, fluidized-bed coal combustor

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Rollbuhler, R. J.; Kobak, J. A.

    1980-01-01

    The cleanup of effluent gases from the fluidized-bed combustion of coal is examined. Testing conditions include the type and feed rate of the coal and the sulfur sorbent, the coal-sorbent ratio, the coal-combustion air ratio, the depth of the reactor fluidizing bed, and the technique used to physically remove fly ash from the reactor effluent gases. Tests reveal that the particulate loading matter in the effluent gases is a function not only of the reactor-bed surface gas velocity, but also of the type of coal being burnt and the time the bed is operating. At least 95 percent of the fly ash particules in the effluent gas are removed by using a gas-solids separator under controlled operating conditions. Gaseous pollutants in the effluent (nitrogen and sulfur oxides) are held within the proposed Federal limits by controlling the reactor operating conditions and the type and quantity of sorbent material.

  2. Peroxone mineralization of chemical oxygen demand for direct potable water reuse: Kinetics and process control.

    PubMed

    Wu, Tingting; Englehardt, James D

    2015-04-15

    Mineralization of organics in secondary effluent by the peroxone process was studied at a direct potable water reuse research treatment system serving an occupied four-bedroom, four bath university residence hall apartment. Organic concentrations were measured as chemical oxygen demand (COD) and kinetic runs were monitored at varying O3/H2O2 dosages and ratios. COD degradation could be accurately described as the parallel pseudo-1st order decay of rapidly and slowly-oxidizable fractions, and effluent COD was reduced to below the detection limit (<0.7 mg/L). At dosages ≥4.6 mg L(-1) h(-1), an O3/H2O2 mass ratio of 3.4-3.8, and initial COD <20 mg/L, a simple first order decay was indicated for both single-passed treated wastewater and recycled mineral water, and a relationship is proposed and demonstrated to estimate the pseudo-first order rate constant for design purposes. At this O3/H2O2 mass ratio, ORP and dissolved ozone were found to be useful process control indicators for monitoring COD mineralization in secondary effluent. Moreover, an average second order rate constant for OH oxidation of secondary effluent organics (measured as MCOD) was found to be 1.24 × 10(7) ± 0.64 × 10(7) M(-1) S(-1). The electric energy demand of the peroxone process is estimated at 1.73-2.49 kW h electric energy for removal of one log COD in 1 m(3) secondary effluent, comparable to the energy required for desalination of medium strength seawater. Advantages/disadvantages of the two processes for municipal wastewater reuse are discussed. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  3. Wetland-based passive treatment systems for gold ore processing effluents containing residual cyanide, metals and nitrogen species.

    PubMed

    Alvarez, R; Ordóñez, A; Loredo, J; Younger, P L

    2013-10-01

    Gold extraction operations generate a variety of wastes requiring responsible disposal in compliance with current environmental regulations. During recent decades, increased emphasis has been placed on effluent control and treatment, in order to avoid the threat to the environment posed by toxic constituents. In many modern gold mining and ore processing operations, cyanide species are of most immediate concern. Given that natural degradation processes are known to reduce the toxicity of cyanide over time, trials have been made at laboratory and field scales into the feasibility of using wetland-based passive systems as low-cost and environmentally friendly methods for long-term treatment of leachates from closed gold mine tailing disposal facilities. Laboratory experiments on discrete aerobic and anaerobic treatment units supported the development of design parameters for the construction of a field-scale passive system at a gold mine site in northern Spain. An in situ pilot-scale wetland treatment system was designed, constructed and monitored over a nine-month period. Overall, the results suggest that compost-based constructed wetlands are capable of detoxifying cyanidation effluents, removing about 21.6% of dissolved cyanide and 98% of Cu, as well as nitrite and nitrate. Wetland-based passive systems can therefore be considered as a viable technology for removal of residual concentrations of cyanide from leachates emanating from closed gold mine tailing disposal facilities.

  4. Improved design of anaerobic digesters for household biogas production in indonesia: one cow, one digester, and one hour of cooking per day.

    PubMed

    Usack, Joseph G; Wiratni, Wiratni; Angenent, Largus T

    2014-01-01

    A government-sponsored initiative in Indonesia to design and implement low-cost anaerobic digestion systems resulted in 21 full-scale systems with the aim to satisfy the cooking fuel demands of rural households owning at least one cow. The full-scale design consisted of a 0.3 m diameter PVC pipe, which was operated as a conventional plug-flow system. The system generated enough methane to power a cooking stove for ∼ 1 h. However, eventual clogging from solids accumulation inside the bioreactor proved to be a major drawback. Here, we improved the digester configuration to remedy clogging while maintaining system performance. Controlled experiments were performed using four 9-L laboratory-scale digesters operated at a temperature of 27 ± 1 °C, a volatile solids loading rate of 2.0 g VS · L(-1) · day(-1), and a 21-day hydraulic retention time. Two of the digesters were replicates of the original design (control digesters), while the other two digesters included internal mixing or effluent recycle (experimental digesters). The performance of each digester was compared based on methane yields, VS removal efficiencies, and steady-state solids concentrations during an operating period of 311 days. Statistical analyses revealed that internal mixing and effluent recycling resulted in reduced solids accumulation compared to the controls without diminishing methane yields or solids removal efficiencies.

  5. Space station propulsion-ECLSS interaction study

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Brennan, Scott M.

    1986-01-01

    The benefits of the utilization of effluents of the Space Station Environmental Control and Life Support (ECLS) system are examined. Various ECLSS-propulsion system interaction options are evaluated and compared on the basis of weight, volume, and power requirements. Annual propulsive impulse to maintain station altitude during a complete solar cycle of eleven years and the effect on station resupply are considered.

  6. 40 CFR 434.44 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... control technology (BCT). [Reserved] 434.44 Section 434.44 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... BPT, BAT, BCT LIMITATIONS AND NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS Alkaline Mine Drainage § 434.44... of the best conventional pollutant control technology (BCT). [Reserved] ...

  7. 40 CFR 434.34 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... control technology (BCT). [Reserved] 434.34 Section 434.34 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL..., BCT LIMITATIONS AND NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS Acid or Ferruginous Mine Drainage § 434.34... of the best conventional pollutant control technology (BCT). [Reserved] ...

  8. 40 CFR 434.34 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... control technology (BCT). [Reserved] 434.34 Section 434.34 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL..., BCT LIMITATIONS AND NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS Acid or Ferruginous Mine Drainage § 434.34... of the best conventional pollutant control technology (BCT). [Reserved] ...

  9. 40 CFR 434.44 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... control technology (BCT). [Reserved] 434.44 Section 434.44 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... BPT, BAT, BCT LIMITATIONS AND NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS Alkaline Mine Drainage § 434.44... of the best conventional pollutant control technology (BCT). [Reserved] ...

  10. 40 CFR 434.44 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... control technology (BCT). [Reserved] 434.44 Section 434.44 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... BPT, BAT, BCT LIMITATIONS AND NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS Alkaline Mine Drainage § 434.44... of the best conventional pollutant control technology (BCT). [Reserved] ...

  11. Implementing the NPDES program: An update on the WET requirements

    EPA Science Inventory

    The U.S. EPA has utilized the Clean Water Act - National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permitting program to protect waters of the U.S for over 40 years. NPDES permit effluent limitations serve as the primary mechanism for controlling discharges of pollutants to receivin...

  12. Nitrogen Control Through Decentralized Wastewater Treatment: Process Performance and Alternative Management Strategies

    EPA Science Inventory

    Decentralized or onsite wastewater treatment (OWT) systems have long been implicated in being a major source of N inputs to surface and ground waters and numerous regulatory bodies have promulgated strict total N (TN) effluent standards in N-sensitive areas. These standards, howe...

  13. Ecotoxicological studies with newly hatched larvae of Concholepas concholepas (Mollusca, Gastropoda): bioassay with secondary-treated kraft pulp mill effluents.

    PubMed

    Manríquez, Patricio H; Llanos-Rivera, Alejandra; Galaz, Sylvana; Camaño, Andrés

    2013-12-01

    The Chilean abalone or "loco" (Concholepas concholepas, Bruguière 1789) represent the most economically important marine recourse exploited from inner inshore Management and Exploitation Areas for Benthic Resources along the Chilean coast. In this study, newly-hatched larvae of C. concholepas were investigated as a potential model species for marine ecotoxicological studies. The study developed a behavioral standard protocol for assessing the impact that kraft pulp mill effluents after secondary treatment have on C. concholepas larvae. Under controlled laboratory conditions, newly-hatched larvae were exposed to a series of different concentrations of kraft pulp mill effluents with secondary treatment (Pinus spp. and Eucalyptus spp.), potassium dichromate as standard reference toxicant and effluent-free control conditions. Regardless of the type of effluent the results indicated that diluted kraft pulp effluent with secondary treatment had reduced effect on larval survival. Low larval survivals were only recorded when they were exposed to high concentrations of the reference toxicant. This suggests that C. concholepas larval bioassay is a simple method for monitoring the effects of kraft pulp mill effluents with secondary treatment discharged into the sea. The results indicated that dilution of ca. 1% of the effluent with an elemental chlorine free (ECF) secondary treatment is appropriate for achieving low larval mortalities, such as those obtained under control conditions with filtered seawater, and to minimize their impact on early ontogenetic stages of marine invertebrates such as newly-hatched larvae of C. concholepas. The methodological aspects of toxicological testing and behavioral responses described here with newly-hatched larvae of C. concholepas can be used to evaluate in the future the potential effects of other stressful conditions as other pollutants or changes in seawater pH associated with ocean acidification. © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  14. 40 CFR 415.352 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... technology currently available (BPT). 415.352 Section 415.352 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... technology currently available (BPT). Except as provided in 40 CFR 125.30 through 125.32, any existing point... effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently...

  15. 40 CFR 415.382 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... technology currently available (BPT). 415.382 Section 415.382 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... technology currently available (BPT). Except as provided in 40 CFR 125.30 through 125.32, any existing point... effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently...

  16. 40 CFR 415.122 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... technology currently available (BPT). 415.122 Section 415.122 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... technology currently available (BPT). Except as provided in 40 CFR 125.30 through 125.32, any existing point... effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently...

  17. 40 CFR 415.412 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... technology currently available (BPT). 415.412 Section 415.412 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... technology currently available (BPT). Except as provided in 40 CFR 125.30 through 125.32, any existing point... effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently...

  18. 40 CFR 415.442 - Effluent limitations quidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... technology currently available (BPT). 415.442 Section 415.442 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... technology currently available (BPT). Except as provided in 40 CFR 125.30 through 125.32, any existing point... effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently...

  19. 40 CFR 415.112 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... technology currently available (BPT). 415.112 Section 415.112 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... technology currently available (BPT). Except as provided in 40 CFR 125.30 through 125.32, any existing point... effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently...

  20. 40 CFR 415.312 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... technology currently available (BPT). 415.312 Section 415.312 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... technology currently available (BPT). Except as provided in 40 CFR 125.30 through 125.32, any existing point... effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently...

  1. 40 CFR 415.142 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... technology currently available (BPT). 415.142 Section 415.142 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... technology currently available (BPT). Except as provided in 40 CFR 125.30 through 125.32, any existing point... effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently...

  2. 40 CFR 415.632 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... technology currently available (BPT). 415.632 Section 415.632 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... technology currently available (BPT). Except as provided in 40 CFR 125.30 through 125.32, any existing point... effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently...

  3. 40 CFR 415.32 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... technology currently available (BPT). 415.32 Section 415.32 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... technology currently available (BPT). Except as provided in 40 CFR 125.30 through 125.32, any existing point... effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently...

  4. 40 CFR 415.402 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... technology currently available (BPT). 415.402 Section 415.402 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... technology currently available (BPT). Except as provided in 40 CFR 125.30 through 125.32, any existing point... effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently...

  5. 40 CFR 415.602 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... technology currently available (BPT). 415.602 Section 415.602 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... technology currently available (BPT). Except as provided in 40 CFR 125.30 through 125.32, any existing point... effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently...

  6. 40 CFR 419.34 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... limitations for contaminated runoff. The following effluent limitations constitute the quantity and quality of pollutants or pollutant properties controlled by this paragraph and attributable to contaminated runoff which... point source subject to this subpart. (1) If wastewater consists solely of contaminated runoff and is...

  7. 40 CFR 434.42 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... technology currently available (BPT). 434.42 Section 434.42 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL..., BCT LIMITATIONS AND NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS Alkaline Mine Drainage § 434.42 Effluent... practicable control technology currently available (BPT). Except as provided in 40 CFR 125.30-125.32, 40 CFR...

  8. 40 CFR 434.42 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... technology currently available (BPT). 434.42 Section 434.42 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL..., BCT LIMITATIONS AND NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS Alkaline Mine Drainage § 434.42 Effluent... practicable control technology currently available (BPT). Except as provided in 40 CFR 125.30-125.32, 40 CFR...

  9. 40 CFR 443.22 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... technology currently available. 443.22 Section 443.22 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION... MATERIALS (TARS AND ASPHALT) POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Asphalt Concrete Subcategory § 443.22 Effluent... practicable control technology currently available. Except as provided in §§ 125.30 through 125.32, any...

  10. 40 CFR 435.14 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... located beyond 3 miles from shore: Water-based drilling fluids and associated drill cuttings Free Oil No... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Effluent limitations guidelines... control technology (BCT). 435.14 Section 435.14 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY...

  11. 40 CFR 435.14 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... located beyond 3 miles from shore: Water-based drilling fluids and associated drill cuttings Free Oil No... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Effluent limitations guidelines... control technology (BCT). 435.14 Section 435.14 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY...

  12. 40 CFR 459.12 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... technology currently available. 459.12 Section 459.12 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION... effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently... it was able to collect, develop and solicit with respect to factors (such as age and size of plant...

  13. 40 CFR 459.12 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... technology currently available. 459.12 Section 459.12 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION... effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently... it was able to collect, develop and solicit with respect to factors (such as age and size of plant...

  14. 40 CFR 459.12 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... technology currently available. 459.12 Section 459.12 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION... effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently... it was able to collect, develop and solicit with respect to factors (such as age and size of plant...

  15. Environmental assessment for effluent reduction, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    NONE

    1996-09-11

    The Department of Energy (DOE) proposes to eliminate industrial effluent from 27 outfalls at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). The Proposed Action includes both simple and extensive plumbing modifications, which would result in the elimination of industrial effluent being released to the environment through 27 outfalls. The industrial effluent currently going to about half of the 27 outfalls under consideration would be rerouted to LANL`s sanitary sewer system. Industrial effluent from other outfalls would be eliminated by replacing once-through cooling water systems with recirculation systems, or, in a few instances, operational changes would result in no generation of industrial effluent.more » After the industrial effluents have been discontinued, the affected outfalls would be removed from the NPDES Permit. The pipes from the source building or structure to the discharge point for the outfalls may be plugged, or excavated and removed. Other outfalls would remain intact and would continue to discharge stormwater. The No Action alternative, which would maintain the status quo for LANL`s outfalls, was also analyzed. An alternative in which industrial effluent would be treated at the source facilities was considered but dismissed from further analysis because it would not reasonably meet the DOE`s purpose for action, and its potential environmental effects were bounded by the analysis of the Proposed Action and the No Action alternatives.« less

  16. 40 CFR 434.52 - Effluent limitations quidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... technology currently available (BPT). 434.52 Section 434.52 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... practicable control technology currently available (BPT). (a) Reclamation areas. The limitations in this... this subsection after application of the best practicable control technology currently available: BPT...

  17. 40 CFR 434.34 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... control technology (BCT). [Reserved] 434.34 Section 434.34 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... BPT, BAT, BCT LIMITATIONS AND NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS Acid or Ferruginous Mine Drainage § 434... application of the best conventional pollutant control technology (BCT). [Reserved] ...

  18. 40 CFR 434.52 - Effluent limitations quidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... technology currently available (BPT). 434.52 Section 434.52 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... practicable control technology currently available (BPT). (a) Reclamation areas. The limitations in this... this subsection after application of the best practicable control technology currently available: BPT...

  19. 40 CFR 434.52 - Effluent limitations quidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... technology currently available (BPT). 434.52 Section 434.52 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... practicable control technology currently available (BPT). (a) Reclamation areas. The limitations in this... this subsection after application of the best practicable control technology currently available: BPT...

  20. 40 CFR 434.52 - Effluent limitations quidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... technology currently available (BPT). 434.52 Section 434.52 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... practicable control technology currently available (BPT). (a) Reclamation areas. The limitations in this... this subsection after application of the best practicable control technology currently available: BPT...

  1. 40 CFR 434.34 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... control technology (BCT). [Reserved] 434.34 Section 434.34 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... BPT, BAT, BCT LIMITATIONS AND NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS Acid or Ferruginous Mine Drainage § 434... application of the best conventional pollutant control technology (BCT). [Reserved] ...

  2. 40 CFR 434.52 - Effluent limitations quidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... technology currently available (BPT). 434.52 Section 434.52 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... practicable control technology currently available (BPT). (a) Reclamation areas. The limitations in this... this subsection after application of the best practicable control technology currently available: BPT...

  3. 40 CFR 436.22 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... technology currently available. 436.22 Section 436.22 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION... reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available. (a... best practicable control technology currently available (BPT): (1) Discharges of process generated...

  4. 40 CFR 434.34 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... control technology (BCT). [Reserved] 434.34 Section 434.34 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... BPT, BAT, BCT LIMITATIONS AND NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS Acid or Ferruginous Mine Drainage § 434... application of the best conventional pollutant control technology (BCT). [Reserved] ...

  5. 40 CFR 436.22 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... technology currently available. 436.22 Section 436.22 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION... reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available. (a... best practicable control technology currently available (BPT): (1) Discharges of process generated...

  6. Significance of dissolved methane in effluents of anaerobically treated low strength wastewater and potential for recovery as an energy product: A review.

    PubMed

    Crone, Brian C; Garland, Jay L; Sorial, George A; Vane, Leland M

    2016-11-01

    The need for energy efficient Domestic Wastewater (DWW) treatment is increasing annually with population growth and expanding global energy demand. Anaerobic treatment of low strength DWW produces methane which can be used to as an energy product. Temperature sensitivity, low removal efficiencies (Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Suspended Solids (SS), and Nutrients), alkalinity demand, and potential greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have limited its application to warmer climates. Although well designed anaerobic Membrane Bioreactors (AnMBRs) are able to effectively treat DWW at psychrophilic temperatures (10-30 °C), lower temperatures increase methane solubility leading to increased energy losses in the form of dissolved methane in the effluent. Estimates of dissolved methane losses are typically based on concentrations calculated using Henry's Law but advection limitations can lead to supersaturation of methane between 1.34 and 6.9 times equilibrium concentrations and 11-100% of generated methane being lost in the effluent. In well mixed systems such as AnMBRs which use biogas sparging to control membrane fouling, actual concentrations approach equilibrium values. Non-porous membranes have been used to recover up to 92.6% of dissolved methane and well suited for degassing effluents of Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactors which have considerable solids and organic contents and can cause pore wetting and clogging in microporous membrane modules. Microporous membranes can recover up to 98.9% of dissolved methane in AnMBR effluents which have low COD and SS concentrations. Sequential Down-flow Hanging Sponge (DHS) reactors have been used to recover between 57 and 88% of dissolved methane from Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactor effluent at concentrations of greater than 30% and oxidize the rest for a 99% removal of total dissolved methane. They can also remove 90% of suspended solids and COD in UASB effluents and produce a high quality effluent. In situ degassing can increase process stability, COD removal, biomass retention, and headspace methane concentrations. A model for estimating energy consumption associated with membrane-based dissolved methane recovery predicts that recovered dissolved and headspace methane may provide all the energy required for operation of an anaerobic system treating DWW at psychrophilic temperatures. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  7. The impact of co-contaminants and septic system effluent quality on the transport of estrogens and nonylphenols through soil.

    PubMed

    Stanford, Benjamin D; Amoozegar, Aziz; Weinberg, Howard S

    2010-03-01

    The impact that varying qualities of wastewater may have on the movement of steroid estrogens through soils into groundwater is little understood. In this study, the steroid estrogens 17beta-estradiol (E2) and estrone (E1) were followed through batch and column studies to examine the impact that organic wastewater constituents from on-site wastewater treatment systems (i.e., septic systems or decentralized systems) may have on influencing the rate of transport of estrogens through soils. Total organic carbon (TOC) content (as a surrogate indicator of overall wastewater quality) and the presence of nonyl-phenol polyethoxylate surfactants (NPEO) at concentrations well below the critical micelle concentration were independently shown to be indicative of earlier breakthrough and less partitioning to soil in batch and column experiments. Both NPEO and wastewater with increasing TOC concentrations led to shifts in the equilibrium of E1 and E2 towards the aqueous phase and caused the analytes to have an earlier breakthrough than in control experiments. The presence of nonylphenols, on the other hand, did not appreciably impact partitioning of E1 or E2. Biodegradation of the steroids in soil was also lower in the presence of septic tank effluents than in an organic-free control water. Furthermore, the data indicate that the rate of movement of E1 and E2 present in septic tank effluent through soils and into groundwater can be decreased by removing the NPEOs and TOC through wastewater treatment prior to sub-surface disposal. This study offers some insights into mechanisms which impact degradation, transformation, and retardation, and shows that TOC and NPEO surfactants play a role in estrogen transport. Copyright 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  8. Dairy shed effluent treatment and recycling: Effluent characteristics and performance.

    PubMed

    Fyfe, Julian; Hagare, Dharma; Sivakumar, Muttucumaru

    2016-09-15

    Dairy farm milking operations produce considerable amounts of carbon- and nutrient-rich effluent that can be a vital source of nutrients for pasture and crops. The study aim was to characterise dairy shed effluent from a commercial farm and examine the changes produced by treatment, storage and recycling of the effluent through a two-stage stabilisation pond system. The data and insights from the study are broadly applicable to passive pond systems servicing intensive dairy and other livestock operations. Raw effluent contained mostly poorly biodegradable particulate organic material and organically bound nutrients, as well as a large fraction of fixed solids due to effluent recycling. The anaerobic pond provided effective sedimentation and biological treatment, but hydrolysis of organic material occurred predominantly in the sludge and continually added to effluent soluble COD, nutrients and cations. Sludge digestion also suppressed pH in the pond and increased salt levels through formation of alkalinity. High sludge levels significantly impaired pond treatment performance. In the facultative pond, BOD5 concentrations were halved; however smaller reductions in COD showed the refractory nature of incoming organic material. Reductions in soluble N and P were proportional to reductions in respective particulate forms, suggesting that respective removal mechanisms were not independent. Conditions in the ponds were unlikely to support biological nutrient removal. Recycling caused conservative inert constituents to accumulate within the pond system. Material leaving the system was mostly soluble (86% TS) and inert (65% TS), but salt concentrations remained below thresholds for safe land application. Crown Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  9. Circulating platelet aggregates damage endothelial cells in culture.

    PubMed

    Aluganti Narasimhulu, Chandrakala; Nandave, Mukesh; Bonilla, Diana; Singaravelu, Janani; Sai-Sudhakar, Chittoor B; Parthasarathy, Sampath

    2017-06-01

    Presence of circulating endothelial cells (CECs) in systemic circulation may be an indicator of endothelial damage and/or denudation, and the body's response to repair and revascularization. Thus, we hypothesized that aggregated platelets (AgPlts) can disrupt/denude the endothelium and contribute to the presence of CEC and EC-derived particles (ECDP). Endothelial cells were grown in glass tubes and tagged with/without 0.5 μm fluorescent beads. These glass tubes were connected to a mini-pump variable-flow system to study the effect of circulating AgPlts on the endothelium. ECs in glass tube were exposed to medium alone, nonaggregated platelets (NAgPlts), AgPlts, and 90 micron polystyrene beads at a flow rate of 20 mL/min for various intervals. Collected effluents were cultured for 72 h to analyze the growth potential of dislodged but intact ECs. Endothelial damage was assessed by real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for inflammatory genes and Western blot analysis for von Willebrand factor. No ECs and ECDP were observed in effluents collected after injecting medium alone and NAgPlts, whereas AgPlts and Polybeads drastically dislodged ECs, releasing ECs and ECDP in effluents as the time increased. Effluents collected when endothelial cell damage was seen showed increased presence of von Willebrand factor as compared to control effluents. Furthermore, we analyzed the presence of ECs and ECDPs in heart failure subjects, as well as animal plasma samples. Our study demonstrates that circulating AgPlts denude the endothelium and release ECs and ECDP. Direct mechanical disruption and shear stress caused by circulating AgPlts could be the underlying mechanism of the observed endothelium damage. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  10. Silage effluent management: a review.

    PubMed

    Gebrehanna, M M; Gordon, R J; Madani, A; VanderZaag, A C; Wood, J D

    2014-10-01

    Silage effluent is a potent wastewater that can be produced when ensiling crops that have a high moisture content (MC). Silage effluent can cause fish-kills and eutrophication due to its high biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and nutrient content, respectively. It has a high acidity (pH ≈ 3.5-5) making it corrosive to steel and damaging to concrete, which makes handling, storage and disposal a challenge. Although being recognized as a concentrated wastewater, most research has focused on preventing its production. Despite noted imprecision in effluent production models-and therefore limited ability to predict when effluent will flow-there has been little research aimed at identifying effective reactive management options, such as containment and natural treatment systems. Increasing climate variability and intensifying livestock agriculture are issues that will place a greater importance on developing comprehensive, multi-layered management strategies that include both preventative and reactive measures. This paper reviews important factors governing the production of effluent, approaches to minimize effluent flows as well as treatment and disposal options. The challenges of managing silage effluent are reviewed in the context of its chemical constituents. A multi-faceted approach should be utilized to minimize environmental risks associated with silage effluent. This includes: (i) managing crop moisture content prior to ensiling to reduce effluent production, (ii) ensuring the integrity of silos and effluent storages, and (iii) establishing infrastructure for effluent treatment and disposal. A more thorough investigation of constructed wetlands and vegetated infiltration areas for treating dilute silage effluent is needed. In particular, there should be efforts to improve natural treatment system design criteria by identifying pre-treatment processes and appropriate effluent loading rates. There is also a need for research aimed at understanding the effects of repeated land application of effluent on soil quality and crop yields, as spreading is a common disposal practice. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  11. Application of the removal of pollutants from textile industry wastewater in constructed wetlands using fuzzy logic.

    PubMed

    Dogdu, Gamze; Yalcuk, Arda; Postalcioglu, Seda

    2017-02-01

    There are more than a hundred textile industries in Turkey that discharge large quantities of dye-rich wastewater, resulting in water pollution. Such effluents must be treated to meet discharge limits imposed by the Water Framework Directive in Turkey. Industrial treatment facilities must be required to monitor operations, keep them cost-effective, prevent operational faults, discharge-limit infringements, and water pollution. This paper proposes the treatment of actual textile wastewater by vertical flow constructed wetland (VFCW) systems operation and monitoring effluent wastewater quality using fuzzy logic with a graphical user interface. The treatment performance of VFCW is investigated in terms of chemical oxygen demand and ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N) content, color, and pH parameters during a 75-day period of operation. A computer program was developed with a fuzzy logic system (a decision- making tool) to graphically present (via a status analysis chart) the quality of treated textile effluent in relation to the Turkish Water Pollution Control Regulation. Fuzzy logic is used in the evaluation of data obtained from the VFCW systems and for notification of critical states exceeding the discharge limits. This creates a warning chart that reports any errors encountered in a reactor during the collection of any sample to the concerned party.

  12. Anammox process for nitrogen removal from anaerobically digested fish canning effluents.

    PubMed

    Dapena-Mora, A; Campos, J L; Mosquera-Corral, A; Méndez, R

    2006-01-01

    The Anammox process was used to treat the effluent generated in an anaerobic digester which treated the wastewater from a fish cannery once previously processed in a Sharon reactor. The effluents generated from the anaerobic digestion are characterised by their high ammonium content (700-1000 g NH4+ -Nm(-3)), organic carbon content (1000-1300 g TOCm(-3)) and salinity up to 8,000-10,000 g NaCl m(-3). In the Sharon reactor, approximately 50% of the NH4+ -N was oxidised to NO2- -N via partial nitrification. The effluent of the Sharon step was fed to the Anammox reactor which treated an averaged nitrogen loading rate of 500 g N m(-3) x d(-1). The system reached an averaged nitrogen removal efficiency of 68%, mainly limited due to the nonstoichiometric relation, for the Anammox process, between the ammonium and nitrite added in the feeding. The Anammox reactor bacterial population distribution, followed by FISH analysis and batch activity assays, did not change significantly despite the continuous entrance to the system of aerobic ammonium oxidisers coming from the Sharon reactor. Most of the bacteria corresponded to the Anammox population and the rest with slight variable shares to the ammonia oxidisers. The Anammox reactor showed an unexpected robustness despite the continuous variations in the influent composition regarding ammonium and nitrite concentrations. Only in the period when NO2- -N concentration was higher than the NH4+ -N concentration did the process destabilise and it took 14 days until the nitrogen removal percentage decreased to 34% with concentrations in the effluent of 340g NH4+ -N m(-3) and 440 g NO2- -N m(-3), respectively. Based on these results, it seems that the Sharon-Anammox system can be applied for the treatment of industrial wastewaters with high nitrogen load and salt concentration with an appropriate control of the NO2- -N/NH4+ -N ratio.

  13. Control of Effluent Gases from Solid Waste Processing Using Carbon Nanotubes

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Fisher, John; Cinke, Martin; Wignarajab, Kanapathipillai

    2005-01-01

    One of the major problems associated with solid waste processing technologies is the release of effluent gases and contaminants that are in gaseous formed from the processes. A number of other gases, in particular NO(x), SO2, NH3, Hydrocarbons (e.g. CH4) do present hazards to the crew in space habitats. Reduction of mass, power, volume and resupply can be achieved by using catalyst impregnated carbon nanotubes as compared to other catalytic systems. The development and characterization of an innovative approach for the control and elimination of gaseous toxins using single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) promise superior performance over conventional approaches. This is due to the ability to direct the selective uptake of gaseous species based on their controllable pore size, high adsorptive capacity and the effectiveness of carbon nanotubes as catalyst supports for gaseous conversion. For example, SWNTs have high adsorptive capacity for NO and the adsorbed NO can be decomposed to N2 and O2 . Experimental results showing the decomposition of NO on metal impregnated carbon nanotubes is presented. Equivalent System Mass (ESM) comparisons are made of the existing TCCS systems with the carbon nanotube technology for removing NO(x). The potential for methane decomposition using carbon nanotubes catalysts is also discussed.

  14. 40 CFR 420.47 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... by the application of the best conventional pollutant control technology (BCT). (a) Electric arc... control technology (BCT). 420.47 Section 420.47 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY...—open combustion; electric arc furnace steelmaking—wet. [Reserved] (d) Basic oxygen furnace steelmaking...

  15. 40 CFR 436.322 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... technology currently available. 436.322 Section 436.322 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION... reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available... application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT): For operations not employing...

  16. 40 CFR 436.112 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... technology currently available. 436.112 Section 436.112 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION... reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available... application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT): For operations not employing...

  17. 40 CFR 406.32 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... technology currently available. 406.32 Section 406.32 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION... attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available. Except as... of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT): There shall be no discharge of...

  18. 40 CFR 406.82 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... technology currently available. 406.82 Section 406.82 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION... by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available. Except as provided... of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT): There shall be no discharge of...

  19. 40 CFR 436.102 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... technology currently available. 436.102 Section 436.102 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION... reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available... application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT): For operations not employing...

  20. 40 CFR 406.72 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... technology currently available. 406.72 Section 406.72 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION... by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available. Except as provided... of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT): There shall be no discharge of...

  1. 40 CFR 406.52 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... technology currently available. 406.52 Section 406.52 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION... attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available. Except as... of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT): There shall be no discharge of...

  2. 40 CFR 420.22 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... technology currently available (BPT). 420.22 Section 420.22 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT... attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT). (a...

  3. 40 CFR 436.182 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... technology currently available. 436.182 Section 436.182 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION... reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available. (a... practicable control technology currently available (BPT): (1) Discharges of process generated waste water and...

  4. 40 CFR 436.182 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... technology currently available. 436.182 Section 436.182 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION... reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available. (a... practicable control technology currently available (BPT): (1) Discharges of process generated waste water and...

  5. 40 CFR 420.47 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... by the application of the best conventional pollutant control technology (BCT). (a) Electric arc... control technology (BCT). 420.47 Section 420.47 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY...—open combustion; electric arc furnace steelmaking—wet. [Reserved] (d) Basic oxygen furnace steelmaking...

  6. 40 CFR 420.47 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... by the application of the best conventional pollutant control technology (BCT). (a) Electric arc... control technology (BCT). 420.47 Section 420.47 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY...—open combustion; electric arc furnace steelmaking—wet. [Reserved] (d) Basic oxygen furnace steelmaking...

  7. 40 CFR 420.47 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... by the application of the best conventional pollutant control technology (BCT). (a) Electric arc... control technology (BCT). 420.47 Section 420.47 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY...—open combustion; electric arc furnace steelmaking—wet. [Reserved] (d) Basic oxygen furnace steelmaking...

  8. 40 CFR 420.47 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... by the application of the best conventional pollutant control technology (BCT). (a) Electric arc... control technology (BCT). 420.47 Section 420.47 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY...—open combustion; electric arc furnace steelmaking—wet. [Reserved] (d) Basic oxygen furnace steelmaking...

  9. Effluent Guidelines

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Effluent guidelines are national standards for wastewater discharges to surface waters and municipal sewage treatment plants. We issue the regulations for industrial categories based on the performance of treatment and control technologies.

  10. The MIST /MIUS Integration and Subsystems Test/ laboratory - A testbed for the MIUS /Modular Integrated Utility System/ program

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Beckham, W. S., Jr.; Keune, F. A.

    1974-01-01

    The MIUS (Modular Integrated Utility System) concept is to be an energy-conserving, economically feasible, integrated community utility system to provide five necessary services: electricity generation, space heating and air conditioning, solid waste processing, liquid waste processing, and residential water purification. The MIST (MIUS Integration and Subsystem Test) integrated system testbed constructed at the Johnson Space Center in Houston includes subsystems for power generation, heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC), wastewater management, solid waste management, and control and monitoring. The key design issues under study include thermal integration and distribution techniques, thermal storage, integration of subsystems controls and displays, incinerator performance, effluent characteristics, and odor control.

  11. 40 CFR 432.22 - Effluent limitations attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... maximum monthly average limitation. 4 May be measured as hexane extractable material (HEM). (2) In... the following effluent limitation for ammonia (as N): Effluent Limitations [BPT] Regulatedparameter Maximum daily 1 Maximum monthly avg. 1 Ammonia (as N) 8.0 4.0 1 mg/L (ppm). (2) In the case of process...

  12. 40 CFR 432.22 - Effluent limitations attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... maximum monthly average limitation. 4 May be measured as hexane extractable material (HEM). (2) In... the following effluent limitation for ammonia (as N): Effluent Limitations [BPT] Regulatedparameter Maximum daily 1 Maximum monthly avg. 1 Ammonia (as N) 8.0 4.0 1 mg/L (ppm). (2) In the case of process...

  13. 40 CFR 432.22 - Effluent limitations attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... maximum monthly average limitation. 4 May be measured as hexane extractable material (HEM). (2) In... the following effluent limitation for ammonia (as N): Effluent Limitations [BPT] Regulatedparameter Maximum daily 1 Maximum monthly avg. 1 Ammonia (as N) 8.0 4.0 1 mg/L (ppm). (2) In the case of process...

  14. 40 CFR 432.22 - Effluent limitations attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... maximum monthly average limitation. 4 May be measured as hexane extractable material (HEM). (2) In... the following effluent limitation for ammonia (as N): Effluent Limitations [BPT] Regulatedparameter Maximum daily 1 Maximum monthly avg. 1 Ammonia (as N) 8.0 4.0 1 mg/L (ppm). (2) In the case of process...

  15. 40 CFR 432.22 - Effluent limitations attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... maximum monthly average limitation. 4 May be measured as hexane extractable material (HEM). (2) In... the following effluent limitation for ammonia (as N): Effluent Limitations [BPT] Regulatedparameter Maximum daily 1 Maximum monthly avg. 1 Ammonia (as N) 8.0 4.0 1 mg/L (ppm). (2) In the case of process...

  16. Method and apparatus for treating gaseous effluents from waste treatment systems

    DOEpatents

    Flannery, Philip A.; Kujawa, Stephan T.

    2000-01-01

    Effluents from a waste treatment operation are incinerated and oxidized by passing the gases through an inductively coupled plasmas arc torch. The effluents are transformed into plasma within the torch. At extremely high plasma temperatures, the effluents quickly oxidize. The process results in high temperature oxidation of the gases without addition of any mass flow for introduction of energy.

  17. Combination of physico-chemical analysis, Allium cepa test system and Oreochromis niloticus erythrocyte based comet assay/nuclear abnormalities tests for cyto-genotoxicity assessments of treated effluents discharged from textile industries.

    PubMed

    Hemachandra, Chamini K; Pathiratne, Asoka

    2016-09-01

    Bioassays for cyto-genotoxicity assessments are generally not required in current textile industry effluent discharge management regulations. The present study applied in vivo plant and fish based toxicity tests viz. Allium cepa test system and Oreochromis niloticus erythrocyte based comet assay and nuclear abnormalities tests in combination with physico-chemical analysis for assessing potential cytotoxic/genotoxic impacts of treated textile industry effluents reaching a major river (Kelani River) in Sri Lanka. Of the treated effluents tested from two textile industries, color in the Textile industry 1 effluents occasionally and color, biochemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand in the Textile industry 2 effluents frequently exceeded the specified Sri Lankan tolerance limits for discharge of industrial effluents into inland surface waters. Exposure of A. cepa bulbs to 100% and 12.5% treated effluents from both industries resulted in statistically significant root growth retardation, mito-depression, and induction of chromosomal abnormalities in root meristematic cells in comparison to the dilution water in all cases demonstrating cyto-genotoxicity associated with the treated effluents. Exposure of O. niloticus to the 100% and 12.5% effluents, resulted in erythrocytic genetic damage as shown by elevated total comet scores and induction of nuclear abnormalities confirming the genotoxicity of the treated effluents even with 1:8 dilution. The results provide strong scientific evidence for the crucial necessity of incorporating cyto-genotoxicity impact assessment tools in textile industry effluent management regulations considering human health and ecological health of the receiving water course under chronic exposure. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  18. 40 CFR 424.22 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... technology currently available. 424.22 Section 424.22 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION... Covered Electric Furnaces and Other Smelting Operations With Wet Air Pollution Control Devices Subcategory... application of the best practicable control technology currently available. Except as provided in §§ 125.30...

  19. 40 CFR 408.167 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... control technology. 408.167 Section 408.167 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... control technology. (a) [Reserved] (b) Except as provided in §§ 125.30 through 125.32, any hand-butchered salmon processing facility located in population or processing centers including but not limited to...

  20. 40 CFR 408.167 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... control technology. 408.167 Section 408.167 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... control technology. (a) [Reserved] (b) Except as provided in §§ 125.30 through 125.32, any hand-butchered salmon processing facility located in population or processing centers including but not limited to...

  1. 40 CFR 408.167 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... control technology. 408.167 Section 408.167 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... control technology. (a) [Reserved] (b) Except as provided in §§ 125.30 through 125.32, any hand-butchered salmon processing facility located in population or processing centers including but not limited to...

  2. 40 CFR 424.22 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... technology currently available. 424.22 Section 424.22 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION... Covered Electric Furnaces and Other Smelting Operations With Wet Air Pollution Control Devices Subcategory... application of the best practicable control technology currently available. Except as provided in §§ 125.30...

  3. 40 CFR 424.22 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... technology currently available. 424.22 Section 424.22 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION... Covered Electric Furnaces and Other Smelting Operations With Wet Air Pollution Control Devices Subcategory... application of the best practicable control technology currently available. Except as provided in §§ 125.30...

  4. 40 CFR 424.22 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... technology currently available. 424.22 Section 424.22 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION... Covered Electric Furnaces and Other Smelting Operations With Wet Air Pollution Control Devices Subcategory... application of the best practicable control technology currently available. Except as provided in §§ 125.30...

  5. 40 CFR 424.22 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... technology currently available. 424.22 Section 424.22 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION... Covered Electric Furnaces and Other Smelting Operations With Wet Air Pollution Control Devices Subcategory... application of the best practicable control technology currently available. Except as provided in §§ 125.30...

  6. Effect of indigo dye effluent on the growth, biomass production and phenotypic plasticity of Scenedesmus quadricauda (Chlorococcales).

    PubMed

    Chia, Mathias A; Musa, Rilwan I

    2014-03-01

    The effect of indigo dye effluent on the freshwater microalga Scenedesmus quadricauda ABU12 was investigated under controlled laboratory conditions. The microalga was exposed to different concentrations of the effluent obtained by diluting the dye effluent from 100 to 175 times in bold basal medium (BBM). The growth rate of the microalga decreased as indigo dye effluent concentration increased (p <0.05). The EC50 was found to be 166 dilution factor of the effluent. Chlorophyll a, cell density and dry weight production as biomarkers were negatively affected by high indigo dye effluent concentration, their levels were higher at low effluent concentrations (p <0.05). Changes in coenobia size significantly correlated with the dye effluent concentration. A shift from large to small coenobia with increasing indigo dye effluent concentration was obtained. We conclude that even at low concentrations; effluents from textile industrial processes that use indigo dye are capable of significantly reducing the growth and biomass production, in addition to altering the morphological characteristics of the freshwater microalga S. quadricauda. The systematic reduction in the number of cells per coenobium observed in this study further confirms that environmental stress affects coenobium structure in the genus Scenedesmus, which means it can be considered an important biomarker for toxicity testing.

  7. 40 CFR 421.302 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... CATEGORY Primary and Secondary Titanium Subcategory § 421.302 Effluent limitations guidelines representing...) Chlorination off-gas wet air pollution control. BPT Limitations for the Primary and Secondary Titanium... Titanium 0.880 0.384 Oil and grease 18.720 11.230 Total suspended solids 38.380 18.250 pH (1) (1) AA1...

  8. 40 CFR 421.302 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... CATEGORY Primary and Secondary Titanium Subcategory § 421.302 Effluent limitations guidelines representing...) Chlorination off-gas wet air pollution control. BPT Limitations for the Primary and Secondary Titanium... Titanium 0.880 0.384 Oil and grease 18.720 11.230 Total suspended solids 38.380 18.250 pH (1) (1) AA1...

  9. 40 CFR 421.302 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... CATEGORY Primary and Secondary Titanium Subcategory § 421.302 Effluent limitations guidelines representing...) Chlorination off-gas wet air pollution control. BPT Limitations for the Primary and Secondary Titanium... Titanium 0.880 0.384 Oil and grease 18.720 11.230 Total suspended solids 38.380 18.250 pH (1) (1) AA1...

  10. 40 CFR 432.32 - Effluent limitations attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... maximum monthly average limitation. 4 May be measured as hexane extractable material (HEM). (2) In... facilities must achieve the following effluent limitation for ammonia (as N): Effluent Limitations [BPT] Regulatedparameter Maximum daily 1 Maximum monthly avg. 1 Ammonia (as N) 8.0 4.0 1 mg/L (ppm). (2) In the case of...

  11. 40 CFR 432.42 - Effluent limitations attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... at any time. 4 No maximum monthly average limitation. 5 May be measured as hexane extractable... limitations: (1) All facilities must achieve the following effluent limitations for ammonia (as N): Effluent Limitations [BPT] Regulated parameter Maximum daily 1 Maximum monthly avg. 1 Ammonia (as N) 8.0 4.0 1 mg/L...

  12. 40 CFR 432.32 - Effluent limitations attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... maximum monthly average limitation. 4 May be measured as hexane extractable material (HEM). (2) In... facilities must achieve the following effluent limitation for ammonia (as N): Effluent Limitations [BPT] Regulatedparameter Maximum daily 1 Maximum monthly avg. 1 Ammonia (as N) 8.0 4.0 1 mg/L (ppm). (2) In the case of...

  13. 40 CFR 432.42 - Effluent limitations attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... at any time. 4 No maximum monthly average limitation. 5 May be measured as hexane extractable... limitations: (1) All facilities must achieve the following effluent limitations for ammonia (as N): Effluent Limitations [BPT] Regulated parameter Maximum daily 1 Maximum monthly avg. 1 Ammonia (as N) 8.0 4.0 1 mg/L...

  14. 40 CFR 432.42 - Effluent limitations attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... at any time. 4 No maximum monthly average limitation. 5 May be measured as hexane extractable... limitations: (1) All facilities must achieve the following effluent limitations for ammonia (as N): Effluent Limitations [BPT] Regulated parameter Maximum daily 1 Maximum monthly avg. 1 Ammonia (as N) 8.0 4.0 1 mg/L...

  15. 40 CFR 432.42 - Effluent limitations attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... at any time. 4 No maximum monthly average limitation. 5 May be measured as hexane extractable... limitations: (1) All facilities must achieve the following effluent limitations for ammonia (as N): Effluent Limitations [BPT] Regulated parameter Maximum daily 1 Maximum monthly avg. 1 Ammonia (as N) 8.0 4.0 1 mg/L...

  16. 40 CFR 432.32 - Effluent limitations attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... maximum monthly average limitation. 4 May be measured as hexane extractable material (HEM). (2) In... facilities must achieve the following effluent limitation for ammonia (as N): Effluent Limitations [BPT] Regulatedparameter Maximum daily 1 Maximum monthly avg. 1 Ammonia (as N) 8.0 4.0 1 mg/L (ppm). (2) In the case of...

  17. 40 CFR 432.32 - Effluent limitations attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... maximum monthly average limitation. 4 May be measured as hexane extractable material (HEM). (2) In... facilities must achieve the following effluent limitation for ammonia (as N): Effluent Limitations [BPT] Regulatedparameter Maximum daily 1 Maximum monthly avg. 1 Ammonia (as N) 8.0 4.0 1 mg/L (ppm). (2) In the case of...

  18. 40 CFR 432.32 - Effluent limitations attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... maximum monthly average limitation. 4 May be measured as hexane extractable material (HEM). (2) In... facilities must achieve the following effluent limitation for ammonia (as N): Effluent Limitations [BPT] Regulatedparameter Maximum daily 1 Maximum monthly avg. 1 Ammonia (as N) 8.0 4.0 1 mg/L (ppm). (2) In the case of...

  19. 40 CFR 432.42 - Effluent limitations attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... at any time. 4 No maximum monthly average limitation. 5 May be measured as hexane extractable... limitations: (1) All facilities must achieve the following effluent limitations for ammonia (as N): Effluent Limitations [BPT] Regulated parameter Maximum daily 1 Maximum monthly avg. 1 Ammonia (as N) 8.0 4.0 1 mg/L...

  20. An Eco-tank system containing microbes and different aquatic plant species for the bioremediation of N,N-dimethylformamide polluted river waters.

    PubMed

    Xiao, Jibo; Chu, Shuyi; Tian, Guangming; Thring, Ronald W; Cui, Lingzhou

    2016-12-15

    An Eco-tank system of 10m was designed to simulate the natural river. It consisted of five tanks sequentially connected containing microbes, biofilm carriers and four species of floating aquatic plants. The purification performance of the system for N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) polluted river water was evaluated by operating in continuous mode. DMF was completely removed in Tanks 1 and 2 at influent DMF concentrations between 75.42 and 161.05mg L -1 . The NH 4 + -N concentration increased in Tank 1, followed by a gradual decrease in Tanks 2-5. Removal of NH 4 + -N was enhanced by aeration. The average effluent NH 4 + -N concentration of Tank 5 decreased to a minimum of 0.89mg L -1 , corresponding to a decrease of 84.8% when compared with that before aeration. TN concentration did not decrease significantly as expected after inoculation with denitrifying bacteria. The average effluent TN concentration of the system was determined to be 4.58mg L -1 , still unable to satisfy the Class V standard for surface water environmental quality. The results of this study demonstrated that the Eco-tank system is an efficient process in removing DMF, TOC, and NH 4 + -N from DMF polluted river water. However, if possible, alternative technologies should be adopted for controlling the effluent TN concentration. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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