Motor monitoring method and apparatus using high frequency current components

DOEpatents

Casada, D.A.

1996-05-21

A motor current analysis method and apparatus for monitoring electrical-motor-driven devices are disclosed. The method and apparatus utilize high frequency portions of the motor current spectra to evaluate the condition of the electric motor and the device driven by the electric motor. The motor current signal produced as a result of an electric motor is monitored and the low frequency components of the signal are removed by a high-pass filter. The signal is then analyzed to determine the condition of the electrical motor and the driven device. 16 figs.

Motor monitoring method and apparatus using high frequency current components

DOEpatents

Casada, Donald A.

1996-01-01

A motor current analysis method and apparatus for monitoring electrical-motor-driven devices. The method and apparatus utilize high frequency portions of the motor current spectra to evaluate the condition of the electric motor and the device driven by the electric motor. The motor current signal produced as a result of an electric motor is monitored and the low frequency components of the signal are removed by a high-pass filter. The signal is then analyzed to determine the condition of the electrical motor and the driven device.

Electrically Driving Donor Spin Qubits in Silicon Using Photonic Bandgap Resonators

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sigillito, A. J.; Tyryshkin, A. M.; Lyon, S. A.

In conventional experiments, donor nuclear spin qubits in silicon are driven using radiofrequency (RF) magnetic fields. However, magnetic fields are difficult to confine at the nanoscale, which poses major issues for individually addressable qubits and device scalability. Ideally one could drive spin qubits using RF electric fields, which are easy to confine, but spins do not naturally have electric dipole transitions. In this talk, we present a new method for electrically controlling nuclear spin qubits in silicon by modulating the hyperfine interaction between the nuclear spin qubit and the donor-bound electron. By fabricating planar superconducting photonic bandgap resonators, we are able to use pulsed electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) techniques to selectively probe both electrically and magnetically driven transitions for 31P and 75As nuclear spin qubits. The electrically driven spin resonance mechanism allows qubits to be driven at either their transition frequency, or at one-half their transition frequency, thus reducing bandwidth requirements for future quantum devices. Moreover, this form of control allows for higher qubit densities and lower power requirements compared to magnetically driven schemes. In our proof-of-principle experiments we demonstrate electrically driven Rabi frequencies of approximately 50 kHz for widely spaced (10 μm) gates which should be extendable to MHz for nanoscale devices.

Credit BG. View looking northeast down from the tower onto ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Credit BG. View looking northeast down from the tower onto the two horizontal test stations at Test Stand "D." Station Dy is at the far left (Dy vacuum cell out of view), with in-line exhaust gas cooling sections and steam-driven "air ejector" (or evacuator) discharging engine exhausts to the east. The Dd cell is visible at the lower left, and the Dd exhaust train has the same functions as at Dy. The spherical tank is an electrically heated "accumulator" which supplies steam to the ejectors at Dv, Dd, and Dy stations. Other large piping delivered cooling water to the horizontal train cooling sections. The horizontal duct at the "Y" branch in the Dd train connects the Dd ejector to the Dv and Cv vacuum duct system (a blank can be bolted into this duct to isolate the Dd system). The shed roof for the Dpond test station appears at bottom center of this image. The open steel frame to the lower left of the image supports a hoist and crane for installing or removing test engines from the Dd test cell - Jet Propulsion Laboratory Edwards Facility, Test Stand D, Edwards Air Force Base, Boron, Kern County, CA

[Improved design of permanent maglev impeller assist heart].

PubMed

Qian, Kunxi; Zeng, Pei; Ru, Weimin; Yuan, Haiyu

2002-12-01

Magnetic bearing has no mechanical contact between the rotor and stator. And a rotary pump with magnetic bearing has therefore no mechanical wear and thrombosis due to bearing. The available magnetic bearings, however, are devised with electric magnets, need complicated control and remarkable energy consumption. Resultantly, it is difficult to apply an electric magnetic bearing to rotary pump without disturbing its simplicity, implantability and reliability. The authors have developed a levitated impeller pump merely with permanent magnets. The rotor is supported by permanent magnetic forces radially. On one side of the rotor, the impeller is fixed; and on the other side of the rotor, the driven magnets are mounted. Opposite to this driven magnets, a driving motor coil with iron corn magnets is fastened to the motor axis. Thereafter, the motor drives the rotor via a rotating magnetic field. By laboratory tests with saline, if the rotor stands still or rotates under 4,000 rpm, the rotor has one-point contact axially with the driving motor coil. The contacting point is located in the center of the rotor. As the rotating speed increases gradually to more than 4,000 rpm, the rotor will detache from the stator axially. Then the rotor will be fully levitated. Since the axial levitation is produced by hydraulic force and the driven magnets have a gyro-effect, the rotor rotates very steadly during levitation. As a left ventricular assist device, the pump works in a rotating speed range of 5,000-8,000 rpm, the levitation of the impeller hence is ensured by practical use of the pump.

Integration of mechanical, structural and electrical imaging to understand response to cardiac resynchronization therapy.

PubMed

Silva, Etelvino; Bijnens, Bart; Berruezo, Antonio; Mont, Lluis; Doltra, Adelina; Andreu, David; Brugada, Josep; Sitges, Marta

2014-10-01

There is extensive controversy exists on whether cardiac resynchronization therapy corrects electrical or mechanical asynchrony. The aim of this study was to determine if there is a correlation between electrical and mechanical sequences and if myocardial scar has any relevant impact. Six patients with normal left ventricular function and 12 patients with left ventricular dysfunction and left bundle branch block, treated with cardiac resynchronization therapy, were studied. Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography and electroanatomical mapping were performed in all patients and, where applicable, before and after therapy. Magnetic resonance was performed for evaluation of myocardial scar. Images were postprocessed and mechanical and electrical activation sequences were defined and time differences between the first and last ventricular segment to be activated were determined. Response to therapy was defined as a reduction in left ventricular end-systolic volume ≥ 15% after 12 months of follow-up. Good correlation between electrical and mechanical timings was found in patients with normal left ventricular function (r(2) = 0.88; P = .005) but not in those with left ventricular dysfunction (r(2) = 0.02; P = not significant). After therapy, both timings and sequences were modified and improved, except in those with myocardial scar. Despite a close electromechanical relationship in normal left ventricular function, there is no significant correlation in patients with dysfunction. Although resynchronization therapy improves this correlation, the changes in electrical activation may not yield similar changes in left ventricular mechanics particularly depending on the underlying myocardial substrate. Copyright © 2013 Sociedad Española de Cardiología. Published by Elsevier Espana. All rights reserved.

Lightning-driven electric and magnetic fields measured in the stratosphere: Implications for sprites

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Thomas, Jeremy Norman

A well accepted model for sprite production involves quasi-electrostatic fields (QSF) driven by large positive cloud-to-ground (+CG) strokes that can cause electrical breakdown in the middle atmosphere. A new high voltage, high impedance, double Langmuir probe instrument is designed specifically for measuring these large lightning-driven electric field changes at altitudes above 30 km. This High Voltage (HV) Electric Field Detector measured 200 nearby (<75 km) lightning-driven electric field changes, up to 140 V/m in magnitude, during the Brazil Sprite Balloon Campaign 2002--03. A numerical QSF model is developed and compared to the in situ measurements. It is found that the amplitudes and relaxation times of the electric fields driven by these nearby lightning events generally agree with the numerical QSF model, which suggests that the QSF approach is valid for modeling lightning-driven fields. Using the best fit parameters of this comparison, it is predicted that the electric fields at sprite altitudes (60--90 km) never surpass conventional breakdown in the mesosphere for each of these 200 nearby lightning events. Lightning-driven ELF to VLF (25 Hz--8 kHz) electric field changes were measured for each of the 2467 cloud-to-ground lightning (CGs) detected by the Brazilian Integrated Lightning Network (BIN) at distances of 75--600 km, and magnetic field changes (300 Hz--8 kHz) above the background noise were measured for about 35% (858) of these CGs. ELF pulses that occur 4--12 ms after the retarded time of the lightning sferic, which have been previously attributed to sprites, were found for 1.4% of 934 CGs examined with a strong bias towards +CGs (4.9% or 9/184) compared to -CGs (0.5% or 4/750). These results disagree with results from the Sprites99 Balloon Campaign [Bering et al., 2004b], in which the lightning-driven electric and magnetic field changes were rare, while the CG delayed ELF pulses were frequent. The Brazil Campaign results thus suggest that mesospheric currents are likely the result of the QSF driven by large charge moment strokes, which are usually +CG strokes, initiating breakdown in the middle atmosphere.

Electrically driven cation exchange for in situ fabrication of individual nanostructures

DOE PAGES

Zhang, Qiubo; Yin, Kuibo; Dong, Hui; ...

2017-04-12

Cation exchange (CE) has been recognized as a particularly powerful tool for the synthesis of heterogeneous nanocrystals. Presently, CE can be divided into two categories, namely ion solvation-driven CE reaction and thermally activated CE reaction. Here we report an electrically driven CE reaction to prepare individual nanostructures inside a transmission electron microscope. During the process, Cd is eliminated due to Ohmic heating, whereas Cu + migrates into the crystal driven by the electrical field force. Contrast experiments reveal that the feasibility of electrically driven CE is determined by the structural similarity of the sulfur sublattices between the initial and finalmore » phases, and the standard electrode potentials of the active electrodes. These experimental results demonstrate a strategy for the selective growth of individual nanocrystals and provide crucial insights into understanding of the microscopic pathways leading to the formation of heterogeneous structures.« less

Brain electric microstates and momentary conscious mind states as building blocks of spontaneous thinking: I. Visual imagery and abstract thoughts.

PubMed

Lehmann, D; Strik, W K; Henggeler, B; Koenig, T; Koukkou, M

1998-06-01

Prompted reports of recall of spontaneous, conscious experiences were collected in a no-input, no-task, no-response paradigm (30 random prompts to each of 13 healthy volunteers). The mentation reports were classified into visual imagery and abstract thought. Spontaneous 19-channel brain electric activity (EEG) was continuously recorded, viewed as series of momentary spatial distributions (maps) of the brain electric field and segmented into microstates, i.e. into time segments characterized by quasi-stable landscapes of potential distribution maps which showed varying durations in the sub-second range. Microstate segmentation used a data-driven strategy. Different microstates, i.e. different brain electric landscapes must have been generated by activity of different neural assemblies and therefore are hypothesized to constitute different functions. The two types of reported experiences were associated with significantly different microstates (mean duration 121 ms) immediately preceding the prompts; these microstates showed, across subjects, for abstract thought (compared to visual imagery) a shift of the electric gravity center to the left and a clockwise rotation of the field axis. Contrariwise, the microstates 2 s before the prompt did not differ between the two types of experiences. The results support the hypothesis that different microstates of the brain as recognized in its electric field implement different conscious, reportable mind states, i.e. different classes (types) of thoughts (mentations); thus, the microstates might be candidates for the 'atoms of thought'.

VIEW OF SHEAR (ELECTRIC POWERED), SCALE HOUSE TO LEFT. BARS ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

VIEW OF SHEAR (ELECTRIC POWERED), SCALE HOUSE TO LEFT. BARS ARE PLACED ON WEIGHING SCALE SHOWN LOWER LEFT. 15-TON CLEVELAND CRANE HANDLES BARS FOR FINAL LOADING INTO RAILROAD CARS (12" BAY) AND FOR MOVING FROM TABLE TO SHEAR TABLE. - Cambria Iron Company, Gautier Works, 12" Mill, Clinton Street & Little Conemaugh River, Johnstown, Cambria County, PA

Lower Hybrid Solitary Structures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schuck, Peter W.

2011-01-01

Lower hybrid solitary structures (LHSS) have been observed by sounding rockets in the auroral ionosphere for over a decade and a half. LHSS are spatial structures embedded in space plasmas containing ambient whistler mode hiss. They are characterized by a density depletion of a few percent to several tens of percent in which electric fields near, both above and below, the lower hybrid resonance are more intense than the background fields by a factor of three to five. LHSS have dimensions across the magnetic field of a few to many thermal ion gyroradii, usually 10-100 meters and a density profile that is Gaussian and consistent with cylindrical symmetry. Along the magnetic field the dimensions are estimated to be several kilometers to several hundred kilometers. Electric field interferometry reveals that the phase fronts of LHSS electric fields rotate azimuthally within the density depletions; right-hand above the lower hybrid resonance and left-hand below the lower hybrid resonance [Pincon et al., 1997; Schuck et al., 1998; Bonnell et al., 1998; Tjulin et al., 2003; Schuck et al., 2003]. The description of this phenomena was driven by the observations the Cornell University sounding rocket program headed by the late Paul Kintner.

Seeing voices: High-density electrical mapping and source-analysis of the multisensory mismatch negativity evoked during the McGurk illusion.

PubMed

Saint-Amour, Dave; De Sanctis, Pierfilippo; Molholm, Sophie; Ritter, Walter; Foxe, John J

2007-02-01

Seeing a speaker's facial articulatory gestures powerfully affects speech perception, helping us overcome noisy acoustical environments. One particularly dramatic illustration of visual influences on speech perception is the "McGurk illusion", where dubbing an auditory phoneme onto video of an incongruent articulatory movement can often lead to illusory auditory percepts. This illusion is so strong that even in the absence of any real change in auditory stimulation, it activates the automatic auditory change-detection system, as indexed by the mismatch negativity (MMN) component of the auditory event-related potential (ERP). We investigated the putative left hemispheric dominance of McGurk-MMN using high-density ERPs in an oddball paradigm. Topographic mapping of the initial McGurk-MMN response showed a highly lateralized left hemisphere distribution, beginning at 175 ms. Subsequently, scalp activity was also observed over bilateral fronto-central scalp with a maximal amplitude at approximately 290 ms, suggesting later recruitment of right temporal cortices. Strong left hemisphere dominance was again observed during the last phase of the McGurk-MMN waveform (350-400 ms). Source analysis indicated bilateral sources in the temporal lobe just posterior to primary auditory cortex. While a single source in the right superior temporal gyrus (STG) accounted for the right hemisphere activity, two separate sources were required, one in the left transverse gyrus and the other in STG, to account for left hemisphere activity. These findings support the notion that visually driven multisensory illusory phonetic percepts produce an auditory-MMN cortical response and that left hemisphere temporal cortex plays a crucial role in this process.

Seeing voices: High-density electrical mapping and source-analysis of the multisensory mismatch negativity evoked during the McGurk illusion

PubMed Central

Saint-Amour, Dave; De Sanctis, Pierfilippo; Molholm, Sophie; Ritter, Walter; Foxe, John J.

2006-01-01

Seeing a speaker’s facial articulatory gestures powerfully affects speech perception, helping us overcome noisy acoustical environments. One particularly dramatic illustration of visual influences on speech perception is the “McGurk illusion”, where dubbing an auditory phoneme onto video of an incongruent articulatory movement can often lead to illusory auditory percepts. This illusion is so strong that even in the absence of any real change in auditory stimulation, it activates the automatic auditory change-detection system, as indexed by the mismatch negativity (MMN) component of the auditory event-related potential (ERP). We investigated the putative left hemispheric dominance of McGurk-MMN using high-density ERPs in an oddball paradigm. Topographic mapping of the initial McGurk-MMN response showed a highly lateralized left hemisphere distribution, beginning at 175 ms. Subsequently, scalp activity was also observed over bilateral fronto-central scalp with a maximal amplitude at ~290 ms, suggesting later recruitment of right temporal cortices. Strong left hemisphere dominance was again observed during the last phase of the McGurk-MMN waveform (350–400 ms). Source analysis indicated bilateral sources in the temporal lobe just posterior to primary auditory cortex. While a single source in the right superior temporal gyrus (STG) accounted for the right hemisphere activity, two separate sources were required, one in the left transverse gyrus and the other in STG, to account for left hemisphere activity. These findings support the notion that visually driven multisensory illusory phonetic percepts produce an auditory-MMN cortical response and that left hemisphere temporal cortex plays a crucial role in this process. PMID:16757004

Differences in two-point discrimination and sensory threshold in the blind between braille and text reading: a pilot study.

PubMed

Noh, Ji-Woong; Park, Byoung-Sun; Kim, Mee-Young; Lee, Lim-Kyu; Yang, Seung-Min; Lee, Won-Deok; Shin, Yong-Sub; Kang, Ji-Hye; Kim, Ju-Hyun; Lee, Jeong-Uk; Kwak, Taek-Yong; Lee, Tae-Hyun; Kim, Ju-Young; Kim, Junghwan

2015-06-01

[Purpose] This study investigated two-point discrimination (TPD) and the electrical sensory threshold of the blind to define the effect of using Braille on the tactile and electrical senses. [Subjects and Methods] Twenty-eight blind participants were divided equally into a text-reading and a Braille-reading group. We measured tactile sensory and electrical thresholds using the TPD method and a transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulator. [Results] The left palm TPD values were significantly different between the groups. The values of the electrical sensory threshold in the left hand, the electrical pain threshold in the left hand, and the electrical pain threshold in the right hand were significantly lower in the Braille group than in the text group. [Conclusion] These findings make it difficult to explain the difference in tactility between groups, excluding both palms. However, our data show that using Braille can enhance development of the sensory median nerve in the blind, particularly in terms of the electrical sensory and pain thresholds.

Differences in two-point discrimination and sensory threshold in the blind between braille and text reading: a pilot study

PubMed Central

Noh, Ji-Woong; Park, Byoung-Sun; Kim, Mee-Young; Lee, Lim-Kyu; Yang, Seung-Min; Lee, Won-Deok; Shin, Yong-Sub; Kang, Ji-Hye; Kim, Ju-Hyun; Lee, Jeong-Uk; Kwak, Taek-Yong; Lee, Tae-Hyun; Kim, Ju-Young; Kim, Junghwan

2015-01-01

[Purpose] This study investigated two-point discrimination (TPD) and the electrical sensory threshold of the blind to define the effect of using Braille on the tactile and electrical senses. [Subjects and Methods] Twenty-eight blind participants were divided equally into a text-reading and a Braille-reading group. We measured tactile sensory and electrical thresholds using the TPD method and a transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulator. [Results] The left palm TPD values were significantly different between the groups. The values of the electrical sensory threshold in the left hand, the electrical pain threshold in the left hand, and the electrical pain threshold in the right hand were significantly lower in the Braille group than in the text group. [Conclusion] These findings make it difficult to explain the difference in tactility between groups, excluding both palms. However, our data show that using Braille can enhance development of the sensory median nerve in the blind, particularly in terms of the electrical sensory and pain thresholds. PMID:26180348

Rebalancing Spatial Attention: Endogenous Orienting May Partially Overcome the Left Visual Field Bias in Rapid Serial Visual Presentation.

PubMed

Śmigasiewicz, Kamila; Hasan, Gabriel Sami; Verleger, Rolf

2017-01-01

In dynamically changing environments, spatial attention is not equally distributed across the visual field. For instance, when two streams of stimuli are presented left and right, the second target (T2) is better identified in the left visual field (LVF) than in the right visual field (RVF). Recently, it has been shown that this bias is related to weaker stimulus-driven orienting of attention toward the RVF: The RVF disadvantage was reduced with salient task-irrelevant valid cues and increased with invalid cues. Here we studied if also endogenous orienting of attention may compensate for this unequal distribution of stimulus-driven attention. Explicit information was provided about the location of T1 and T2. Effectiveness of the cue manipulation was confirmed by EEG measures: decreasing alpha power before stream onset with informative cues, earlier latencies of potentials evoked by T1-preceding distractors at the right than at the left hemisphere when T1 was cued left, and decreasing T1- and T2-evoked N2pc amplitudes with informative cues. Importantly, informative cues reduced (though did not completely abolish) the LVF advantage, indicated by improved identification of right T2, and reflected by earlier N2pc latency evoked by right T2 and larger decrease in alpha power after cues indicating right T2. Overall, these results suggest that endogenously driven attention facilitates stimulus-driven orienting of attention toward the RVF, thereby partially overcoming the basic LVF bias in spatial attention.

Powertrain system for a hybrid electric vehicle

DOEpatents

Reed, Jr., Richard G.; Boberg, Evan S.; Lawrie, Robert E.; Castaing, Francois J.

1999-08-31

A hybrid electric powertrain system is provided including an electric motor/generator drivingly engaged with the drive shaft of a transmission. The electric is utilized for synchronizing the rotation of the drive shaft with the driven shaft during gear shift operations. In addition, a mild hybrid concept is provided which utilizes a smaller electric motor than typical hybrid powertrain systems. Because the electric motor is drivingly engaged with the drive shaft of the transmission, the electric motor/generator is driven at high speed even when the vehicle speed is low so that the electric motor/generator provides more efficient regeneration.

Powertrain system for a hybrid electric vehicle

DOEpatents

Reed, R.G. Jr.; Boberg, E.S.; Lawrie, R.E.; Castaing, F.J.

1999-08-31

A hybrid electric powertrain system is provided including an electric motor/generator drivingly engaged with the drive shaft of a transmission. The electric is utilized for synchronizing the rotation of the drive shaft with the driven shaft during gear shift operations. In addition, a mild hybrid concept is provided which utilizes a smaller electric motor than typical hybrid powertrain systems. Because the electric motor is drivingly engaged with the drive shaft of the transmission, the electric motor/generator is driven at high speed even when the vehicle speed is low so that the electric motor/generator provides more efficient regeneration. 34 figs.

[Surgical cryoablation and left ventriculoplasty for electrical storm after acute myocardial infarction].

PubMed

Tobe, Satoshi; Yoshida, K; Adachi, K; Fukase, K; Tanimura, N; Yamaguchi, M

2008-03-01

A 65-year-old man was referred to our hospital to treat recent anterior myocardial infarction. Coronary artery angiography showed acute occlusion of left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) and chronic occlusion of right coronary artery. After emergent percutaneous coronary intervention for LAD, drug-refractory electrical storm necessitating frequent electrical defibrillating cardioversion occurred. This patient successfully underwent surgical cryoablation, left ventriculoplasty and coronary revascularization. At 2 years and 10th month after the operation, he is well without limitation of daily activities and any evidence of myocardial ischemia and ventricular tachycardia.

Electrically Driven Thermal Management: Flight Validation, Experiment Development, Future Technologies

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Didion, Jeffrey R.

2018-01-01

Electrically Driven Thermal Management is an active research and technology development initiative incorporating ISS technology flight demonstrations (STP-H5), development of Microgravity Science Glovebox (MSG) flight experiment, and laboratory-based investigations of electrically based thermal management techniques. The program targets integrated thermal management for future generations of RF electronics and power electronic devices. This presentation reviews four program elements: i.) results from the Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) Long Term Flight Demonstration launched in February 2017 ii.) development of the Electrically Driven Liquid Film Boiling Experiment iii.) two University based research efforts iv.) development of Oscillating Heat Pipe evaluation at Goddard Space Flight Center.

Dual-layer electrode-driven liquid crystal lens with electrically tunable focal length and focal plane

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Y. A.; Lin, C. F.; Lin, J. P.; Zeng, X. Y.; Yan, Q.; Zhou, X. T.; Guo, T. L.

2018-04-01

Electric-field-driven liquid crystal (ELC) lens with tunable focal length and their depth of field has been extensively applied in 3D display and imaging systems. In this work, a dual-layer electrode-driven liquid crystal (DELC) lens with electrically tunable focal length and controllable focal plane is demonstrated. ITO-SiO2-AZO electrodes with the dual-layer staggered structure on the top substrate are used as driven electrodes within a LC cell, which permits the establishment of an alternative controllability. The focal length of the DELC lens can be adjusted from 1.41 cm to 0.29 cm when the operating voltage changes from 15 V to 40 V. Furthermore, the focal plane of the DELC lens can selectively move by changing the driving method of the applied voltage to the next driven electrodes. This work demonstrates that the DELC lens has potential applications in imaging systems because of electrically tunable focal length and controllable focal plane.

Efficiency of wave-driven rigid body rotation toroidal confinement

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rax, J. M.; Gueroult, R.; Fisch, N. J.

2017-03-01

The compensation of vertical drifts in toroidal magnetic fields through a wave-driven poloidal rotation is compared with compensation through the wave driven toroidal current generation to support the classical magnetic rotational transform. The advantages and drawbacks associated with the sustainment of a radial electric field are compared with those associated with the sustainment of a poloidal magnetic field both in terms of energy content and power dissipation. The energy content of a radial electric field is found to be smaller than the energy content of a poloidal magnetic field for a similar set of orbits. The wave driven radial electric field generation efficiency is similarly shown, at least in the limit of large aspect ratio, to be larger than the efficiency of wave-driven toroidal current generation.

Design of pressure-driven microfluidic networks using electric circuit analogy.

PubMed

Oh, Kwang W; Lee, Kangsun; Ahn, Byungwook; Furlani, Edward P

2012-02-07

This article reviews the application of electric circuit methods for the analysis of pressure-driven microfluidic networks with an emphasis on concentration- and flow-dependent systems. The application of circuit methods to microfluidics is based on the analogous behaviour of hydraulic and electric circuits with correlations of pressure to voltage, volumetric flow rate to current, and hydraulic to electric resistance. Circuit analysis enables rapid predictions of pressure-driven laminar flow in microchannels and is very useful for designing complex microfluidic networks in advance of fabrication. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the physics of pressure-driven laminar flow, the formal analogy between electric and hydraulic circuits, applications of circuit theory to microfluidic network-based devices, recent development and applications of concentration- and flow-dependent microfluidic networks, and promising future applications. The lab-on-a-chip (LOC) and microfluidics community will gain insightful ideas and practical design strategies for developing unique microfluidic network-based devices to address a broad range of biological, chemical, pharmaceutical, and other scientific and technical challenges.

Advances in Electrically Driven Thermal Management

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Didion, Jeffrey R.

2017-01-01

Electrically Driven Thermal Management is a vibrant technology development initiative incorporating ISS based technology demonstrations, development of innovative fluid management techniques and fundamental research efforts. The program emphasizes high temperature high heat flux thermal management required for future generations of RF electronics and power electronic devices. This presentation reviews i.) preliminary results from the Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) Long Term Flight Demonstration launched on STP-H5 payload in February 2017 ii.) advances in liquid phase flow distribution control iii.) development of the Electrically Driven Liquid Film Boiling Experiment under the NASA Microgravity Fluid Physics Program.

75 FR 11164 - Pine Prairie Energy Center, LLC; Notice of Intent to Prepare an Environmental Assessment for the...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-10

...) electric motor driven compressors in lieu of four previously authorized, as yet unbuilt, 4,700 hp natural gas engine driven compressors; and Two additional 5,750 hp electric motor drive compressor units. In... Energy Center, LLC; Notice of Intent to Prepare an Environmental Assessment for the Proposed Electric...

Design, economic and system considerations of large wind-driven generators

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jorgensen, G. E.; Lotker, M.; Meier, R. C.; Brierley, D.

1976-01-01

The increased search for alternative energy sources has lead to renewed interest and studies of large wind-driven generators. This paper presents the results and considerations of such an investigation. The paper emphasizes the concept selection of wind-driven generators, system optimization, control system design, safety aspects, economic viability on electric utility systems and potential electric system interfacing problems.

1. INTERIOR VIEW LOOKING NORTHWEST; ELECTRIC/INFRARED/CARBON ARC CUBICLES ON LEFT, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. INTERIOR VIEW LOOKING NORTHWEST; ELECTRIC/INFRARED/CARBON ARC CUBICLES ON LEFT, DOORS TO MUSCLE TRAINING GYMNASIUM ON RIGHT - Fort McCoy, Building No. T-1054, South side of South Tenth Avenue, Block 10, Sparta, Monroe County, WI

Electrically Driven Liquid Film Boiling Experiment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Didion, Jeffrey R.

2016-01-01

This presentation presents the science background and ground based results that form the basis of the Electrically Driven Liquid Film Boiling Experiment. This is an ISS experiment that is manifested for 2021. Objective: Characterize the effects of gravity on the interaction of electric and flow fields in the presence of phase change specifically pertaining to: a) The effects of microgravity on the electrically generated two-phase flow. b) The effects of microgravity on electrically driven liquid film boiling (includes extreme heat fluxes). Electro-wetting of the boiling section will repel the bubbles away from the heated surface in microgravity environment. Relevance/Impact: Provides phenomenological foundation for the development of electric field based two-phase thermal management systems leveraging EHD, permitting optimization of heat transfer surface area to volume ratios as well as achievement of high heat transfer coefficients thus resulting in system mass and volume savings. EHD replaces buoyancy or flow driven bubble removal from heated surface. Development Approach: Conduct preliminary experiments in low gravity and ground-based facilities to refine technique and obtain preliminary data for model development. ISS environment required to characterize electro-wetting effect on nucleate boiling and CHF in the absence of gravity. Will operate in the FIR - designed for autonomous operation.

Enhanced Flux and Electrochemical Cleaning of Silicate Scaling on Carbon Nanotube-Coated Membrane Distillation Membranes Treating Geothermal Brines.

PubMed

Tang, Li; Iddya, Arpita; Zhu, Xiaobo; Dudchenko, Alexander V; Duan, Wenyan; Turchi, Craig; Vanneste, Johann; Cath, Tzahi Y; Jassby, David

2017-11-08

The desalination of inland brackish groundwater offers the opportunity to provide potable drinking water to residents and industrial cooling water to industries located in arid regions. Geothermal brines are used to generate electricity, but often contain high concentrations of dissolved salt. Here, we demonstrate how the residual heat left in spent geothermal brines can be used to drive a membrane distillation (MD) process and recover desalinated water. Porous polypropylene membranes were coated with a carbon nanotube (CNT)/poly(vinyl alcohol) layer, resulting in composite membranes having a binary structure that combines the hydrophobic properties critical for MD with the hydrophilic and conductive properties of the CNTs. We demonstrate that the addition of the CNT layer increases membrane flux due to enhanced heat transport from the bulk feed to the membrane surface, a result of CNT's high thermal transport properties. Furthermore, we show how hydroxide ion generation, driven by water electrolysis on the electrically conducting membrane surface, can be used to efficiently dissolve silicate scaling that developed during the process of desalinating the geothermal brine, negating the need for chemical cleaning.

Rethinking chiller plant design

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Meckler, M.

1998-07-01

While most refrigeration chillers operate today on electricity, the use of natural gas is becoming an increasingly attractive alternative. This is largely because electricity does not use energy very efficiency (because of transmission and combustion fuel losses), high demand charges, and the high incremental cost of electricity to operate chillers. The use of gas engine-driven chillers eliminates the high incremental cost of electricity. Additionally, gas engine-driven systems can operate with COPs up to 1.8 and, therefore, are economically viable alternatives. Recent advances in gas engine-driven and DFA absorption chillers, and in commercially viable solid and liquid desiccant-cooling systems, suggest amore » bright future for the gas industry. The use of such equipment in conjunction with or in place of commercially available electrical-powered alternatives can significantly impact demand-side management savings for utility ratepayers in the short run and provide significant hybrid opportunities for deregulated markets in the intermediate to long term.« less

Rethinking chiller plant design

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Meckler, M.

1998-01-01

While most refrigeration chillers operate today on electricity, the use of natural gas is becoming an increasingly attractive alternative. This is largely because electricity does not use energy very efficiently (due to transmission and combustion fuel losses), high demand charges, and the high incremental cost of electricity to operate chillers. The use of gas engine-driven chillers eliminates the high incremental cost of electricity. Additionally, gas engine-driven systems can operate with COPs up to 1.8 and therefore are economically viable alternatives. Recent advances in gas engine-driven and direct-fired absorption chillers and in commercially viable solid- and liquid-desiccant cooling systems suggest amore » bright future for the gas industry. The use of such equipment in conjunction with or in place of commercially available electrical-powered alternatives can significantly impact demand-side management savings for utility ratepayers in the short run and provide significant hybrid opportunities for deregulated markets in the intermediate to long term.« less

Study on the CO2 electric driven fixed swash plate type compressor for eco-friendly vehicles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nam, Donglim; Kim, Kitae; Lee, Jehie; Kwon, Yunki; Lee, Geonho

2017-08-01

The purpose of this study is to experiment and to performance analysis about the electric-driven fixed swash plate compressor using alternate refrigerant(R744). Comprehensive simulation model for an electric driven compressor using CO2 for eco-friendly vehicle is presented. This model consists of compression model and dynamic model. The compression model included valve dynamics, leakage, and heat transfer models. And the dynamic model included frictional loss between piston ring and cylinder wall, frictional loss between shoe and swash plate, frictional loss of bearings, and electric efficiency. Especially, because the efficiency of an electric parts(motor and inverter) in the compressor affects the loss of the compressor, the dynamo test was performed. We made the designed compressor, and tested the performance of the compressor about the variety pressure conditions. Also we compared the performance analysis result and performance test result.

[Coronary revascularization in patients with preoperative electrical storm].

PubMed

Kawashima, Toshiya; Naraoka, S

2007-03-01

We report 5 cases who underwent surgical coronary revascularization for subacute myocardial ischemia with preoperative electrical storm. All patients showed severe left ventricular dysfunction. Mean ejection fraction was 24.4 +/- 7.6%. Three patients had already had implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) therapy. Procedures were on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and mitral valvuloplasty (MVP) [case 1], on-pump CABG, MVP, left ventricular restoration (LVR) and cryoablation (case 2), and off-pump CABG (case 3-5). Case 5 necessitated conversion to on-pump for electrical storm during left circumflex artery (LCx) anastomosis. Case 3 suddenly died on the 2nd postoperative day due to electrical storm. Case 1 had recurrent attack of electrical storm postoperatively, treated by ICD, overdrive pacing, repeated intraaortic balloon pumping (IABP), deep sedation with endotracheal intubation, and finally catheter ablation. Four patients have survived 2 years (mean) postoperatively without any arrhythmia, and are all in good condition [New York Heart Association (NYHA) I] now. It was concluded that off-pump procedure was not suitable for subacute myocardial ischemia with electrical storm and that LVR with surgical cryoablation would be effective if indicated.

Electric dipole spin resonance in a quantum spin dimer system driven by magnetoelectric coupling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kimura, Shojiro; Matsumoto, Masashige; Akaki, Mitsuru; Hagiwara, Masayuki; Kindo, Koichi; Tanaka, Hidekazu

2018-04-01

In this Rapid Communication, we propose a mechanism for electric dipole active spin resonance caused by spin-dependent electric polarization in a quantum spin gapped system. This proposal was successfully confirmed by high-frequency electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements of the quantum spin dimer system KCuCl3. ESR measurements by an illuminating linearly polarized electromagnetic wave reveal that the optical transition between the singlet and triplet states in KCuCl3 is driven by an ac electric field. The selection rule of the observed transition agrees with the calculation by taking into account spin-dependent electric polarization. We suggest that spin-dependent electric polarization is effective in achieving fast control of quantum spins by an ac electric field.

Electrokinetic effects on motion of submicron particles in microchannel

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sato, Yohei; Hishida, Koichi

2006-11-01

Two-fluid mixing utilizing electrokinetically driven flow in a micro-channel is investigated by micron-resolution particle image velocimetry and an image processing technique. Submicron particles are transported and mixed with deionized water by electrophoresis. The particle electrophoretic velocity that is proportional to an applied electric field is measured in a closed cell, which is used to calculate the electroosmotic flow velocity. At a constant electric field, addition of pressure-driven flow to electrokinetically driven flow in a T-shaped micro-channel enhances two-fluid mixing because the momentum flux is increased. On the other hand, on application of an alternative sinusoidal electric field, the velocity difference between pressure-driven and electroosmotic flows has a significant effect on increasing the length of interface formed between two fluids. It is concluded from the present experiments that the transport and mixing process in the micro-channel will be enhanced by accurate flow-rate control of both pressure-driven and electroosmotic flows.

Multiferroicity in an organic charge-transfer salt that is suggestive of electric-dipole-driven magnetism

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lunkenheimer, Peter; Müller, Jens; Krohns, Stephan; Schrettle, Florian; Loidl, Alois; Hartmann, Benedikt; Rommel, Robert; de Souza, Mariano; Hotta, Chisa; Schlueter, John A.; Lang, Michael

2012-09-01

Multiferroics, showing simultaneous ordering of electrical and magnetic degrees of freedom, are remarkable materials as seen from both the academic and technological points of view. A prominent mechanism of multiferroicity is the spin-driven ferroelectricity, often found in frustrated antiferromagnets with helical spin order. There, as for conventional ferroelectrics, the electrical dipoles arise from an off-centre displacement of ions. However, recently a different mechanism, namely purely electronic ferroelectricity, where charge order breaks inversion symmetry, has attracted considerable interest. Here we provide evidence for ferroelectricity, accompanied by antiferromagnetic spin order, in a two-dimensional organic charge-transfer salt, thus representing a new class of multiferroics. We propose a charge-order-driven mechanism leading to electronic ferroelectricity in this material. Quite unexpectedly for electronic ferroelectrics, dipolar and spin order arise nearly simultaneously. This can be ascribed to the loss of spin frustration induced by the ferroelectric ordering. Hence, here the spin order is driven by the ferroelectricity, in marked contrast to the spin-driven ferroelectricity in helical magnets.

Electrically driven nanopillars for THz quantum cascade lasers.

PubMed

Amanti, M I; Bismuto, A; Beck, M; Isa, L; Kumar, K; Reimhult, E; Faist, J

2013-05-06

In this work we present a rapid and parallel process for the fabrication of large scale arrays of electrically driven nanopillars for THz quantum cascade active media. We demonstrate electrical injection of pillars of 200 nm diameter and 2 µm height, over a surface of 1 mm(2). THz electroluminescence from the nanopillars is reported. This result is a promising step toward the realization of zero-dimensional structure for terahertz quantum cascade lasers.

Monitoring groundwater-surface water interaction using time-series and time-frequency analysis of transient three-dimensional electrical resistivity changes

USGS Publications Warehouse

Johnson, Timothy C.; Slater, Lee D.; Ntarlagiannis, Dimitris; Day-Lewis, Frederick D.; Elwaseif, Mehrez

2012-01-01

Time-lapse resistivity imaging is increasingly used to monitor hydrologic processes. Compared to conventional hydrologic measurements, surface time-lapse resistivity provides superior spatial coverage in two or three dimensions, potentially high-resolution information in time, and information in the absence of wells. However, interpretation of time-lapse electrical tomograms is complicated by the ever-increasing size and complexity of long-term, three-dimensional (3-D) time series conductivity data sets. Here we use 3-D surface time-lapse electrical imaging to monitor subsurface electrical conductivity variations associated with stage-driven groundwater-surface water interactions along a stretch of the Columbia River adjacent to the Hanford 300 near Richland, Washington, USA. We reduce the resulting 3-D conductivity time series using both time-series and time-frequency analyses to isolate a paleochannel causing enhanced groundwater-surface water interactions. Correlation analysis on the time-lapse imaging results concisely represents enhanced groundwater-surface water interactions within the paleochannel, and provides information concerning groundwater flow velocities. Time-frequency analysis using the Stockwell (S) transform provides additional information by identifying the stage periodicities driving groundwater-surface water interactions due to upstream dam operations, and identifying segments in time-frequency space when these interactions are most active. These results provide new insight into the distribution and timing of river water intrusion into the Hanford 300 Area, which has a governing influence on the behavior of a uranium plume left over from historical nuclear fuel processing operations.

Note on the helicity decomposition of spin and orbital optical currents

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aiello, Andrea; Berry, M. V.

2015-06-01

In the helicity representation, the Poynting vector (current) for a monochromatic optical field, when calculated using either the electric or the magnetic field, separates into right-handed and left-handed contributions, with no cross-helicity contributions. Cross-helicity terms do appear in the orbital and spin contributions to the current. But when the electric and magnetic formulas are averaged (‘electric-magnetic democracy’), these terms cancel, restoring the separation into right-handed and left-handed currents for orbital and spin separately.

75 FR 61461 - Central New York Oil and Gas Company, LLC; Notice of Availability of the Environmental Assessment...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-05

... electric-driven 13,400-horsepower (hp) centrifugal compressor; One new compressor station in Bradford County, Pennsylvania (the NS2 Compressor Station) with an electric-driven 15,300-hp centrifugal... construct, operate, and maintain two new compressor stations in Tioga County, New York and Bradford County...

Electrically-driven GHz range ultrafast graphene light emitter (Conference Presentation)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kim, Youngduck; Gao, Yuanda; Shiue, Ren-Jye; Wang, Lei; Aslan, Ozgur Burak; Kim, Hyungsik; Nemilentsau, Andrei M.; Low, Tony; Taniguchi, Takashi; Watanabe, Kenji; Bae, Myung-Ho; Heinz, Tony F.; Englund, Dirk R.; Hone, James

2017-02-01

Ultrafast electrically driven light emitter is a critical component in the development of the high bandwidth free-space and on-chip optical communications. Traditional semiconductor based light sources for integration to photonic platform have therefore been heavily studied over the past decades. However, there are still challenges such as absence of monolithic on-chip light sources with high bandwidth density, large-scale integration, low-cost, small foot print, and complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology compatibility. Here, we demonstrate the first electrically driven ultrafast graphene light emitter that operate up to 10 GHz bandwidth and broadband range (400 1600 nm), which are possible due to the strong coupling of charge carriers in graphene and surface optical phonons in hBN allow the ultrafast energy and heat transfer. In addition, incorporation of atomically thin hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) encapsulation layers enable the stable and practical high performance even under the ambient condition. Therefore, electrically driven ultrafast graphene light emitters paves the way towards the realization of ultrahigh bandwidth density photonic integrated circuits and efficient optical communications networks.

Flutter-driven triboelectrification for harvesting wind energy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bae, Jihyun; Lee, Jeongsu; Kim, Seongmin; Ha, Jaewook; Lee, Byoung-Sun; Park, Youngjun; Choong, Chweelin; Kim, Jin-Baek; Wang, Zhong Lin; Kim, Ho-Young; Park, Jong-Jin; Chung, U.-In

2014-09-01

Technologies to harvest electrical energy from wind have vast potentials because wind is one of the cleanest and most sustainable energy sources that nature provides. Here we propose a flutter-driven triboelectric generator that uses contact electrification caused by the self-sustained oscillation of flags. We study the coupled interaction between a fluttering flexible flag and a rigid plate. In doing so, we find three distinct contact modes: single, double and chaotic. The flutter-driven triboelectric generator having small dimensions of 7.5 × 5 cm at wind speed of 15 ms-1 exhibits high-electrical performances: an instantaneous output voltage of 200 V and a current of 60 μA with a high frequency of 158 Hz, giving an average power density of approximately 0.86 mW. The flutter-driven triboelectric generation is a promising technology to drive electric devices in the outdoor environments in a sustainable manner.

13. DETAIL VIEW NORTHEAST OF BOILER VENTS (LOWER LEFT), BREECHING ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

13. DETAIL VIEW NORTHEAST OF BOILER VENTS (LOWER LEFT), BREECHING (CENTER LEFT AND CENTER), AND COAL BUNKERS (RIGHT) - Turners Falls Power & Electric Company, Hampden Station, East bank of Connecticut River, Chicopee, Hampden County, MA

17. General view, 'West End S.P. Inspection Building', view ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

17. General view, 'West End - S.P. Inspection Building', view to east, August 16, 1939. Bridge Yard Interlocking Tower and main line tracks at left, Oil House and storage yard at right. An Interurban Electric Railway car, with power supply pantograph raised, is visible at left of the building, another is just visible inside the building's left (north) bay, and still others are visible in the storage yard at right. - Interurban Electric Railway Bridge Yard Shop, Interstate 80 at Alameda County Postmile 2.0, Oakland, Alameda County, CA

Radio-controlled boat for measuring water velocities and bathymetry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vidmar, Andrej; Bezak, Nejc; Sečnik, Matej

2016-04-01

Radio-controlled boat named "Hi3" was designed and developed in order to facilitate water velocity and bathymetry measurements. The boat is equipped with the SonTek RiverSurveyor M9 instrument that is designed for measuring open channel hydraulics (discharge and bathymetry). Usually channel cross sections measurements are performed either from a bridge or from a vessel. However, these approaches have some limitations such as performing bathymetry measurements close to the hydropower plant turbine or downstream from a hydropower plant gate where bathymetry changes are often the most extreme. Therefore, the radio-controlled boat was designed, built and tested in order overcome these limitations. The boat is made from a surf board and two additional small balance support floats. Additional floats are used to improve stability in fast flowing and turbulent parts of rivers. The boat is powered by two electric motors, steering is achieved with changing the power applied to left and right motor. Furthermore, remotely controlled boat "Hi3" can be powered in two ways, either by a gasoline electric generator or by lithium batteries. Lithium batteries are lighter, quieter, but they operation time is shorter compared to an electrical generator. With the radio-controlled boat "Hi3" we can perform measurements in potentially dangerous areas such as under the lock gates at hydroelectric power plant or near the turbine outflow. Until today, the boat "Hi3" has driven more than 200 km in lakes and rivers, performing various water speed and bathymetry measurements. Moreover, in future development the boat "Hi3" will be upgraded in order to be able to perform measurements automatically. The future plans are to develop and implement the autopilot. With this approach the user will define the route that has to be driven by the boat and the boat will drive the pre-defined route automatically. This will be possible because of the very accurate differential GPS from the Sontek RiverSurveyor M9 instrument.

Comparison of air-driven vs electric torque control motors on canal centering ability by ProTaper NiTi rotary instruments.

PubMed

Zarei, Mina; Javidi, Maryam; Erfanian, Mahdi; Lomee, Mahdi; Afkhami, Farzaneh

2013-01-01

Cleaning and shaping is one of the most important phases in root canal therapy. Various rotary NiTi systems minimize accidents and facilitate the shaping process. Todays NiTi files are used with air-driven and electric handpieces. This study compared the canal centering after instrumentation using the ProTaper system using Endo IT, electric torque-control motor, and NSK air-driven handpiece. This ex vivo randomized controlled trial study involved 26 mesial mandibular root canals with 10 to 35° curvature. The roots were randomly divided into 2 groups of 13 canals each. The roots were mounted in an endodontic cube with acrylic resin, sectioned horizontally at 2, 6 and 10 mm from the apex and then reassembled. The canals were instrumented according to the manufacturer's instructions using ProTaper rotary files and electric torque-control motors (group 1) or air-driven handpieces (group 2). Photographs of the cross-sections included shots before and after instrumentation, and image analysis was performed using Photoshop software. The centering ability and canal transportation was also evaluated. Repeated measurement and independent t-test provided statistical analysis of canal transportation. The comparison of the rate of transportation toward internal or external walls between the two groups was not statistically significant (p = 0.62). Comparison of the rate of transportation of sections within one group was not significant (p = 0.28). Use of rotary NiTi file with either electric torquecontrol motor or air-driven handpiece had no effect on canal centering. NiTi rotary instruments can be used with air-driven motors without any considerable changes in root canal anatomy, however it needs the clinician to be expert.

30 CFR 18.90 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... PRODUCTS ELECTRIC MOTOR-DRIVEN MINE EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES Field Approval of Electrically Operated... requirements for permissibility which must be met to obtain MSHA field approval of electrically operated...

30 CFR 18.90 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... PRODUCTS ELECTRIC MOTOR-DRIVEN MINE EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES Field Approval of Electrically Operated... requirements for permissibility which must be met to obtain MSHA field approval of electrically operated...

Electrical current nanogeneration driven by spontaneous nanofluidic oscillations.

PubMed

Gimenez, R; Mercuri, M; Berli, C L A; Bellino, M G

2018-02-15

Exploiting natural phenomena is a central route for providing electricity to sustainably drive wearable electronics. Here we report a nano-scale water-driven energy generator that produces tiny electrical currents from spontaneous wetting-drying oscillations in mesoporous thin films. The system was fabricated with a wormlike mesoporous silica film, which was packed in between Cu and silicon contacts. The nanogenerator runs autonomously when a water droplet is laid over the film close to the Cu electrode, as water infiltration into the film under the electrode produces a direct-current. Wetting-drying cycles, which are spontaneously triggered by water evaporation, are perfectly correlated to the generated electrical current. The autonomous water displacement through the film yields a sustained energy conversion until the droplet reservoir vanishes. This novel water-driven nanogenerator opens new alternatives for versatile, mobile and cost-effective self-powering of nanosystems and nanodevices.

30 CFR 18.24 - Electrical clearances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Electrical clearances. 18.24 Section 18.24... APPROVAL OF MINING PRODUCTS ELECTRIC MOTOR-DRIVEN MINE EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES Construction and Design Requirements § 18.24 Electrical clearances. Minimum clearances between uninsulated electrical conductor...

30 CFR 18.24 - Electrical clearances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Electrical clearances. 18.24 Section 18.24... APPROVAL OF MINING PRODUCTS ELECTRIC MOTOR-DRIVEN MINE EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES Construction and Design Requirements § 18.24 Electrical clearances. Minimum clearances between uninsulated electrical conductor...

30 CFR 18.24 - Electrical clearances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Electrical clearances. 18.24 Section 18.24... APPROVAL OF MINING PRODUCTS ELECTRIC MOTOR-DRIVEN MINE EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES Construction and Design Requirements § 18.24 Electrical clearances. Minimum clearances between uninsulated electrical conductor...

Enhanced Flux and Electrochemical Cleaning of Silicate Scaling on Carbon Nanotube-Coated Membrane Distillation Membranes Treating Geothermal Brines

DOE PAGES

Tang, Li; Iddya, Arpita; Zhu, Xiaobo; ...

2017-10-13

The desalination of inland brackish groundwater offers the opportunity to provide potable drinking water to residents and industrial cooling water to industries located in arid regions. Geothermal brines are used to generate electricity, but often contain high concentrations of dissolved salt. Here in this paper, we demonstrate how the residual heat left in spent geothermal brines can be used to drive a membrane distillation (MD) process and recover desalinated water. Porous polypropylene membranes were coated with a carbon nanotube (CNT)/poly(vinyl alcohol) layer, resulting in composite membranes having a binary structure that combines the hydrophobic properties critical for MD with themore » hydrophilic and conductive properties of the CNTs. We demonstrate that the addition of the CNT layer increases membrane flux due to enhanced heat transport from the bulk feed to the membrane surface, a result of CNT's high thermal transport properties. Furthermore, we show how hydroxide ion generation, driven by water electrolysis on the electrically conducting membrane surface, can be used to efficiently dissolve silicate scaling that developed during the process of desalinating the geothermal brine, negating the need for chemical cleaning.« less

Enhanced Flux and Electrochemical Cleaning of Silicate Scaling on Carbon Nanotube-Coated Membrane Distillation Membranes Treating Geothermal Brines

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tang, Li; Iddya, Arpita; Zhu, Xiaobo

The desalination of inland brackish groundwater offers the opportunity to provide potable drinking water to residents and industrial cooling water to industries located in arid regions. Geothermal brines are used to generate electricity, but often contain high concentrations of dissolved salt. Here in this paper, we demonstrate how the residual heat left in spent geothermal brines can be used to drive a membrane distillation (MD) process and recover desalinated water. Porous polypropylene membranes were coated with a carbon nanotube (CNT)/poly(vinyl alcohol) layer, resulting in composite membranes having a binary structure that combines the hydrophobic properties critical for MD with themore » hydrophilic and conductive properties of the CNTs. We demonstrate that the addition of the CNT layer increases membrane flux due to enhanced heat transport from the bulk feed to the membrane surface, a result of CNT's high thermal transport properties. Furthermore, we show how hydroxide ion generation, driven by water electrolysis on the electrically conducting membrane surface, can be used to efficiently dissolve silicate scaling that developed during the process of desalinating the geothermal brine, negating the need for chemical cleaning.« less

Generating Electricity during Walking with a Lower Limb-Driven Energy Harvester: Targeting a Minimum User Effort

PubMed Central

Shepertycky, Michael; Li, Qingguo

2015-01-01

Background Much research in the field of energy harvesting has sought to develop devices capable of generating electricity during daily activities with minimum user effort. No previous study has considered the metabolic cost of carrying the harvester when determining the energetic effects it has on the user. When considering device carrying costs, no energy harvester to date has demonstrated the ability to generate a substantial amount of electricity (> 5W) while maintaining a user effort at the same level or lower than conventional power generation methods (e.g. hand crank generator). Methodology/Principal Findings We developed a lower limb-driven energy harvester that is able to generate approximately 9W of electricity. To quantify the performance of the harvester, we introduced a new performance measure, total cost of harvesting (TCOH), which evaluates a harvester’s overall efficiency in generating electricity including the device carrying cost. The new harvester captured the motion from both lower limbs and operated in the generative braking mode to assist the knee flexor muscles in slowing the lower limbs. From a testing on 10 participants under different walking conditions, the harvester achieved an average TCOH of 6.1, which is comparable to the estimated TCOH for a conventional power generation method of 6.2. When generating 5.2W of electricity, the TCOH of the lower limb-driven energy harvester (4.0) is lower than that of conventional power generation methods. Conclusions/Significance These results demonstrated that the lower limb-driven energy harvester is an energetically effective option for generating electricity during daily activities. PMID:26039493

Generating Electricity during Walking with a Lower Limb-Driven Energy Harvester: Targeting a Minimum User Effort.

PubMed

Shepertycky, Michael; Li, Qingguo

2015-01-01

Much research in the field of energy harvesting has sought to develop devices capable of generating electricity during daily activities with minimum user effort. No previous study has considered the metabolic cost of carrying the harvester when determining the energetic effects it has on the user. When considering device carrying costs, no energy harvester to date has demonstrated the ability to generate a substantial amount of electricity (> 5W) while maintaining a user effort at the same level or lower than conventional power generation methods (e.g. hand crank generator). We developed a lower limb-driven energy harvester that is able to generate approximately 9W of electricity. To quantify the performance of the harvester, we introduced a new performance measure, total cost of harvesting (TCOH), which evaluates a harvester's overall efficiency in generating electricity including the device carrying cost. The new harvester captured the motion from both lower limbs and operated in the generative braking mode to assist the knee flexor muscles in slowing the lower limbs. From a testing on 10 participants under different walking conditions, the harvester achieved an average TCOH of 6.1, which is comparable to the estimated TCOH for a conventional power generation method of 6.2. When generating 5.2W of electricity, the TCOH of the lower limb-driven energy harvester (4.0) is lower than that of conventional power generation methods. These results demonstrated that the lower limb-driven energy harvester is an energetically effective option for generating electricity during daily activities.

The impact of subliminal effect images in voluntary vs. stimulus-driven actions.

PubMed

Le Bars, Solène; Hsu, Yi-Fang; Waszak, Florian

2016-11-01

According to the ideomotor theory, actions are represented in terms of their sensory effects. In the current study we tested whether subliminal effect images influence action control (1) at early and/or late preparatory stages of (2) voluntary actions or stimulus-driven actions (3) with or without Stimulus-Response (S-R) compatibility. In Experiment 1, participants were presented at random with 50% of S-R compatible stimulus-driven action trials and 50% of voluntary action trials. The actions' effects (i.e. up- or down-pointing arrows) were presented subliminally before each action (i.e. a keypress). In voluntary actions, participants selected more often the action congruent with the prime when it was presented at long intervals before the action. Moreover they responded faster in prime-congruent than in prime-incongruent trials when primes were presented at short intervals before the action. In Experiment 2, participants were only presented with stimulus-driven action trials, with or without S-R compatibility. In stimulus-driven action trials with S-R compatibility (e.g., left-pointing arrow signaling a left keypress), subliminal action-effects did not generate any significant effect on RTs or error rates. On the other hand, in stimulus-driven action trials without S-R compatibility (e.g., letter "H" signaling a left keypress), participants were significantly faster in prime-congruent trials when primes were presented at the shortest time interval before the action. These results suggest that subliminal effect images facilitate voluntary action preparation on an early and a late level. Stimulus-driven action preparation is influenced on a late level only, and only if there is no compatibility between the stimulus and the motor response, that is when the response is not automatically triggered by the common properties existing between the stimulus and the required action. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

46 CFR 169.623 - Power-driven steering systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Power-driven steering systems. 169.623 Section 169.623 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) NAUTICAL SCHOOLS SAILING SCHOOL VESSELS Machinery and Electrical Steering Systems § 169.623 Power-driven steering systems. (a) Power-driven steering...

46 CFR 169.623 - Power-driven steering systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Power-driven steering systems. 169.623 Section 169.623 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) NAUTICAL SCHOOLS SAILING SCHOOL VESSELS Machinery and Electrical Steering Systems § 169.623 Power-driven steering systems. (a) Power-driven steering...

Decrease in Ground-Run Distance of Small Airplanes by Applying Electrically-Driven Wheels

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kobayashi, Hiroshi; Nishizawa, Akira

A new takeoff method for small airplanes was proposed. Ground-roll performance of an airplane driven by electrically-powered wheels was experimentally and computationally studied. The experiments verified that the ground-run distance was decreased by half with a combination of the powered driven wheels and propeller without increase of energy consumption during the ground-roll. The computational analysis showed the ground-run distance of the wheel-driven aircraft was independent of the motor power when the motor capability exceeded the friction between tires and ground. Furthermore, the distance was minimized when the angle of attack was set to the value so that the wing generated negative lift.

29 CFR 1926.404 - Wiring design and protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... tracks of electrically operated cranes; frames of nonelectrically driven elevator cars to which electric..., DEPARTMENT OF LABOR (CONTINUED) SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION Electrical Installation Safety... conductors, transformers, or other electric equipment, unless such equipment is controlled by a disconnecting...

29 CFR 1926.404 - Wiring design and protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... tracks of electrically operated cranes; frames of nonelectrically driven elevator cars to which electric..., DEPARTMENT OF LABOR (CONTINUED) SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION Electrical Installation Safety... conductors, transformers, or other electric equipment, unless such equipment is controlled by a disconnecting...

Petawatt pulsed-power accelerator

DOEpatents

Stygar, William A.; Cuneo, Michael E.; Headley, Daniel I.; Ives, Harry C.; Ives, legal representative; Berry Cottrell; Leeper, Ramon J.; Mazarakis, Michael G.; Olson, Craig L.; Porter, John L.; Wagoner; Tim C.

2010-03-16

A petawatt pulsed-power accelerator can be driven by various types of electrical-pulse generators, including conventional Marx generators and linear-transformer drivers. The pulsed-power accelerator can be configured to drive an electrical load from one- or two-sides. Various types of loads can be driven; for example, the accelerator can be used to drive a high-current z-pinch load. When driven by slow-pulse generators (e.g., conventional Marx generators), the accelerator comprises an oil section comprising at least one pulse-generator level having a plurality of pulse generators; a water section comprising a pulse-forming circuit for each pulse generator and a level of monolithic triplate radial-transmission-line impedance transformers, that have variable impedance profiles, for each pulse-generator level; and a vacuum section comprising triplate magnetically insulated transmission lines that feed an electrical load. When driven by LTD generators or other fast-pulse generators, the need for the pulse-forming circuits in the water section can be eliminated.

The persistent current and energy spectrum on a driven mesoscopic LC-circuit with Josephson junction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pahlavanias, Hassan

2018-03-01

The quantum theory for a mesoscopic electric circuit including a Josephson junction with charge discreteness is studied. By considering coupling energy of the mesoscopic capacitor in Josephson junction device, a Hamiltonian describing the dynamics of a quantum mesoscopic electric LC-circuit with charge discreteness is introduced. We first calculate the persistent current on a quantum driven ring including Josephson junction. Then we obtain the persistent current and energy spectrum of a quantum mesoscopic electrical circuit which includes capacitor, inductor, time-dependent external source and Josephson junction.

46 CFR 111.97-5 - Electric and hydraulic power supply.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... ELECTRIC SYSTEMS-GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Electric Power-Operated Watertight Door Systems § 111.97-5 Electric and hydraulic power supply. (a) Each electric motor-driven door operating system must have the same.... (f) The source of power for each hydraulically operated watertight door system using an independent...

46 CFR 111.97-5 - Electric and hydraulic power supply.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... ELECTRIC SYSTEMS-GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Electric Power-Operated Watertight Door Systems § 111.97-5 Electric and hydraulic power supply. (a) Each electric motor-driven door operating system must have the same.... (f) The source of power for each hydraulically operated watertight door system using an independent...

46 CFR 111.97-5 - Electric and hydraulic power supply.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... ELECTRIC SYSTEMS-GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Electric Power-Operated Watertight Door Systems § 111.97-5 Electric and hydraulic power supply. (a) Each electric motor-driven door operating system must have the same.... (f) The source of power for each hydraulically operated watertight door system using an independent...

46 CFR 111.97-5 - Electric and hydraulic power supply.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... ELECTRIC SYSTEMS-GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Electric Power-Operated Watertight Door Systems § 111.97-5 Electric and hydraulic power supply. (a) Each electric motor-driven door operating system must have the same.... (f) The source of power for each hydraulically operated watertight door system using an independent...

46 CFR 111.97-5 - Electric and hydraulic power supply.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... ELECTRIC SYSTEMS-GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Electric Power-Operated Watertight Door Systems § 111.97-5 Electric and hydraulic power supply. (a) Each electric motor-driven door operating system must have the same.... (f) The source of power for each hydraulically operated watertight door system using an independent...

30 CFR 18.91 - Electric equipment for which field approvals will be issued.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Electric equipment for which field approvals... OF LABOR TESTING, EVALUATION, AND APPROVAL OF MINING PRODUCTS ELECTRIC MOTOR-DRIVEN MINE EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES Field Approval of Electrically Operated Mining Equipment § 18.91 Electric equipment...

30 CFR 18.91 - Electric equipment for which field approvals will be issued.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Electric equipment for which field approvals... OF LABOR TESTING, EVALUATION, AND APPROVAL OF MINING PRODUCTS ELECTRIC MOTOR-DRIVEN MINE EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES Field Approval of Electrically Operated Mining Equipment § 18.91 Electric equipment...

Peptide assembly-driven metal-organic framework (MOF) motors for micro electric generators

DOE PAGES

Ikezoe, Yasuhiro; Fang, Justin; Wasik, Tomasz L.; ...

2014-11-22

Peptide–metal–organic framework (Pep-MOF) motors, whose motions are driven by anisotropic surface tension gradients created via peptide self-assembly around frameworks, can rotate microscopic rotors and magnets fast enough to generate an electric power of 0.1 μW. Finally, a new rigid Pep-MOF motor can be recycled by refilling the peptide fuel into the nanopores of the MOF.

18. Electrically driven pumps in Armory Street Pump House. Pumps ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

18. Electrically driven pumps in Armory Street Pump House. Pumps in background formerly drew water from the clear well. They went out of service when use of the beds was discontinued. Pumps in the foreground provide high pressure water to Hamden. - Lake Whitney Water Filtration Plant, Armory Street Pumphouse, North side of Armory Street between Edgehill Road & Whitney Avenue, Hamden, New Haven County, CT

24. VIEW, LOOKING NORTHEAST, SHOWING MAIN TRANSMISSION IN LEFT FOREGROUND, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

24. VIEW, LOOKING NORTHEAST, SHOWING MAIN TRANSMISSION IN LEFT FOREGROUND, GASOLINE-POWERED WAUKESHA AUXILIARY DRIVE MOTOR AT CENTER, AND ONE OF TWO MAIN ELECTRIC DRIVE MOTORS AT LEFT CENTER - Sacramento River Bridge, Spanning Sacramento River at California State Highway 275, Sacramento, Sacramento County, CA

Electroviscous effect and electrokinetic energy conversion in time periodic pressure-driven flow through a parallel-plate nanochannel with surface charge-dependent slip

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Buren, Mandula; Jian, Yongjun; Zhao, Yingchun; Chang, Long

2018-05-01

In this paper we analytically investigate the electroviscous effect and electrokinetic energy conversion in the time periodic pressure-driven flow of an incompressible viscous Newtonian liquid through a parallel-plate nanochannel with surface charge-dependent slip. Analytical and semi-analytical solutions for electric potential, velocity and streaming electric field are obtained and are utilized to compute electrokinetic energy conversion efficiency. The results show that velocity amplitude and energy conversion efficiency are reduced when the effect of surface charge on slip length is considered. The surface charge effect increases with zeta potential and ionic concentration. In addition, the energy conversion efficiency is large when the ratio of channel half-height to the electric double layer thickness is small. The boundary slip results in a large increase in energy conversion. Higher values of the frequency of pressure pulsation lead to higher values of the energy conversion efficiency. We also obtain the energy conversion efficiency in constant pressure-driven flow and find that the energy conversion efficiency in periodical pressure-driven flow becomes larger than that in constant pressure-driven flow when the frequency is large enough.

Characterization of an induced pressure pumping force for microfluidics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jiang, Hai; Fan, Na; Peng, Bei; Weng, Xuan

2017-05-01

The electro-osmotic pumping and pressure-driven manipulation of fluids are considered as the most common strategies in microfluidic devices. However, both of them exhibit major disadvantages such as hard integration and high reagent consumption, and they are destructive methods for detection and photo bleaching. In this paper, an electric field-effect flow control approach, combining the electro-osmotic pumping force and the pressure-driven pumping force, was developed to generate the induced pressure-driven flow in a T-shaped microfluidic chip. Electro-osmotic flow between the T-intersection and two reservoirs was demonstrated, and it provided a stable, continuous, and electric field-free flow in the section of the microchannel without the electrodes. The velocity of the induced pressure-driven flow was linearly proportional to the applied voltages. Both numerical and experimental investigations were conducted to prove the concept, and the experimental results showed good agreement with the numerical simulations. In comparison to other induced pressure pumping methods, this approach can induce a high and controllable pressure drop in the electric field-free segment, subsequently causing an induced pressure-driven flow for transporting particles or biological cells. In addition, the generation of bubbles and the blocking of the microchannel are avoided.

The 4th Report of the Working Group on ECG diagnosis of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy.

PubMed

Bacharova, Ljuba; Estes, Harvey E; Schocken, Douglas D; Ugander, Martin; Soliman, Elsayed Z; Hill, Joseph A; Bang, Lia E; Schlegel, Todd T

The 4th Report provides a brief review of publications focused on the electrocardiographic diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy published during the period of 2010 to 2016 by the members of the Working Group on ECG diagnosis of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy. The Working Group recommended that ECG research and clinical attention be redirected from the estimation of LVM to the identification of electrical remodeling, to better understanding the sequence of events connecting electrical remodeling to outcomes. The need for a re-definition of terms and for a new paradigm is also stressed. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Relationship between mechanical dyssynchrony and intra-operative electrical delay times in patients undergoing cardiac resynchronization therapy

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

Background It is important to understand the relationship between electrical and mechanical ventricular activation in CRT patients. By measuring local electrical activation at multiple locations within the coronary veins and myocardial contraction at the same locations in the left ventricle, we determined the relationship between electrical and mechanical activation at potential left ventricular pacing locations. Methods In this study, mechanical contraction times were computed using high temporal resolution cine cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) data, while electrical activation times were derived from intra-procedural local electrograms. Results In our cohort, there was a strong correlation between electrical and mechanical delay times within each patient (R2 = 0.78 ± 0.23). Additionally, the latest electrically activated location corresponded with the latest mechanically contracting location in 91% of patients. Conclusions This study provides initial evidence that our method of obtaining non-invasive mechanical activation patterns accurately reflects the underlying electromechanical substrate of intraventricular dyssynchrony. PMID:24393383

Lesion evidence for a critical role of left posterior but not frontal areas in alpha-beta power decreases during context-driven word production.

PubMed

Piai, Vitória; Rommers, Joost; Knight, Robert T

2017-09-09

Different frequency bands in the electroencephalogram are postulated to support distinct language functions. Studies have suggested that alpha-beta power decreases may index word-retrieval processes. In context-driven word retrieval, participants hear lead-in sentences that either constrain the final word ('He locked the door with the') or not ('She walked in here with the'). The last word is shown as a picture to be named. Previous studies have consistently found alpha-beta power decreases prior to picture onset for constrained relative to unconstrained sentences, localised to the left lateral-temporal and lateral-frontal lobes. However, the relative contribution of temporal versus frontal areas to alpha-beta power decreases is unknown. We recorded the electroencephalogram from patients with stroke lesions encompassing the left lateral-temporal and inferior-parietal regions or left-lateral frontal lobe and from matched controls. Individual participant analyses revealed a behavioural sentence context facilitation effect in all participants, except for in the two patients with extensive lesions to temporal and inferior parietal lobes. We replicated the alpha-beta power decreases prior to picture onset in all participants, except for in the two same patients with extensive posterior lesions. Thus, whereas posterior lesions eliminated the behavioural and oscillatory context effect, frontal lesions did not. Hierarchical clustering analyses of all patients' lesion profiles, and behavioural and electrophysiological effects identified those two patients as having a unique combination of lesion distribution and context effects. These results indicate a critical role for the left lateral-temporal and inferior parietal lobes, but not frontal cortex, in generating the alpha-beta power decreases underlying context-driven word production. © 2017 Federation of European Neuroscience Societies and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Recent Progress in Energy-Driven Water Splitting.

PubMed

Tee, Si Yin; Win, Khin Yin; Teo, Wee Siang; Koh, Leng-Duei; Liu, Shuhua; Teng, Choon Peng; Han, Ming-Yong

2017-05-01

Hydrogen is readily obtained from renewable and non-renewable resources via water splitting by using thermal, electrical, photonic and biochemical energy. The major hydrogen production is generated from thermal energy through steam reforming/gasification of fossil fuel. As the commonly used non-renewable resources will be depleted in the long run, there is great demand to utilize renewable energy resources for hydrogen production. Most of the renewable resources may be used to produce electricity for driving water splitting while challenges remain to improve cost-effectiveness. As the most abundant energy resource, the direct conversion of solar energy to hydrogen is considered the most sustainable energy production method without causing pollutions to the environment. In overall, this review briefly summarizes thermolytic, electrolytic, photolytic and biolytic water splitting. It highlights photonic and electrical driven water splitting together with photovoltaic-integrated solar-driven water electrolysis.

Recent Progress in Energy‐Driven Water Splitting

PubMed Central

Tee, Si Yin; Win, Khin Yin; Teo, Wee Siang; Koh, Leng‐Duei; Liu, Shuhua; Teng, Choon Peng

2017-01-01

Hydrogen is readily obtained from renewable and non‐renewable resources via water splitting by using thermal, electrical, photonic and biochemical energy. The major hydrogen production is generated from thermal energy through steam reforming/gasification of fossil fuel. As the commonly used non‐renewable resources will be depleted in the long run, there is great demand to utilize renewable energy resources for hydrogen production. Most of the renewable resources may be used to produce electricity for driving water splitting while challenges remain to improve cost‐effectiveness. As the most abundant energy resource, the direct conversion of solar energy to hydrogen is considered the most sustainable energy production method without causing pollutions to the environment. In overall, this review briefly summarizes thermolytic, electrolytic, photolytic and biolytic water splitting. It highlights photonic and electrical driven water splitting together with photovoltaic‐integrated solar‐driven water electrolysis. PMID:28546906

Development of Electric Power Units Driven by Waste Heat

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Inoue, Naoyuki; Takeuchi, Takao; Kaneko, Atsushi; Uchimura, Tomoyuki; Irie, Kiichi; Watanabe, Hiroyoshi

For the development of a simple and compact power generator driven by waste heat, working fluids and an expander were studied, then a practical electric power unit was put to test. Many working fluids were calculated with the low temperature power cycle (evaporated at 77°C, condensed at 42°C),and TFE,R123,R245fa were selected to be suitable for the cycle. TFE(Trifluoroethanol CF3CH2OH) was adopted to the actual power generator which was tested. A radial turbine was adopted as an expander, and was newly designed and manufactured for working fluid TFE. The equipment was driven by hot water as heat source and cooling water as cooling source, and generated power was connected with electric utility. Characteristics of the power generating cycle and characteristics of the turbine were obtained experimentally.

Role of Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction in Predicting Atrial Fibrillation Recurrence after Successful Electrical Cardioversion

PubMed Central

Melduni, Rowlens M.; Cullen, Michael W.

2013-01-01

The role of left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction in predicting atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence after successful electrical cardioversion is largely unknown. Studies suggest that there may be a link between abnormal LV compliance and the initial development, and recurrence of AF after electrical cardioversion. Although direct-current cardioversion (DCCV) is a well-established and highly effective method to convert AF to sinus rhythm, it offers little else beyond immediate rate control because it does not address the underlying cause of AF. Preservation of sinus rhythm after successful cardioversion still remains a challenge for clinicians. Despite the use of antiarrhythmic drugs and serial cardioversions, the rate of AF recurrence remains high in the first year. Current evidence suggests that diastolic dysfunction, which is associated with atrial volume and pressure overload, may be a mechanism underlying the perpetuating cycle of AF recurrence following successful electrical cardioversion. Diastolic dysfunction is considered to be a defect in the ability of the myofibrils, which have shortened against a load in systole to eject blood into the high-pressure aorta, to rapidly or completely return to their resting length. Consequently, LV filling is impaired and the non-compliant left ventricle is unable to fill at low pressures. As a result, left atrial and pulmonary vein pressure rises, and electrical and structural remodeling of the atrial myocardium ensues, creating a vulnerable substrate for AF. In this article, we review the current evidence highlighting the association of LV diastolic dysfunction with AF recurrence after successful electrical cardioversion and provide an approach to the management of LV diastolic dysfunction to prevent AF recurrence. PMID:23525127

Observable quantities for electrodiffusion processes in membranes.

PubMed

Garrido, Javier

2008-03-13

Electrically driven ion transport processes in a membrane system are analyzed in terms of observable quantities, such as the apparent volume flow, the time dependence of the electrolyte concentration in one cell compartment, and the electrical potential difference between the electrodes. The relations between the fluxes and these observable quantities are rigorously deduced from balances for constituent mass and solution volume. These relations improve the results for the transport coefficients up to 25% with respect to those obtained using simplified expressions common in the literature. Given the practical importance of ionic transport numbers and the solvent transference number in the phenomenological description of electrically driven processes, the transport equations are presented using the electrolyte concentration difference and the electric current as the drivers of the different constituents. Because various electric potential differences can be used in this traditional irreversible thermodynamics approach, the advantages of the formulation of the transport equations in terms of concentration difference and electric current are emphasized.

HVEPS Scramjet-Driven MHD Power Demonstration Test Results (Preprint)

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-06-01

an outer annulus which provides the flow passage for the liquid NaK. Final fabrication and assembly of the seeding system was completed at UTRC as...ABSTRACT The Air Force sponsored Hypersonic Vehicle Electric Power System (HVEPS) program was a research program to develop scramjet driven...magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) power for an advanced high power, airborne electric power system . This program has been active for the past five years with various

Interaction and Aggregation of Colloidal Biological Particles and Droplets in Electrically-Driven Flows

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Davis, Robert H.; Loewenberg, Michael

1997-01-01

The primary objective of this research was to develop a fundamental understanding of aggregation and coalescence processes during electrically-driven migration of cells, particles and droplets. The process by which charged cells, particles, molecules, or drops migrate in a weak electric field is known as electrophoresis. If the migrating species have different charges or surface potentials, they will migrate at different speeds and thus may collide and aggregate or coalesce. Aggregation and coalescence are undesirable, if the goal is to separate the different species on the basis of their different electrophoretic mobilities.

46 CFR 112.50-5 - Electric starting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Electric starting. 112.50-5 Section 112.50-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Diesel and Gas Turbine Engine Driven Generator Sets § 112.50-5 Electric starting...

46 CFR 112.50-5 - Electric starting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Electric starting. 112.50-5 Section 112.50-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Diesel and Gas Turbine Engine Driven Generator Sets § 112.50-5 Electric starting...

46 CFR 112.50-5 - Electric starting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Electric starting. 112.50-5 Section 112.50-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Diesel and Gas Turbine Engine Driven Generator Sets § 112.50-5 Electric starting...

30 CFR 18.4 - Electrical equipment for which approval is issued.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... TESTING, EVALUATION, AND APPROVAL OF MINING PRODUCTS ELECTRIC MOTOR-DRIVEN MINE EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES General Provisions § 18.4 Electrical equipment for which approval is issued. An approval will be issued... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Electrical equipment for which approval is...

46 CFR 112.50-5 - Electric starting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Electric starting. 112.50-5 Section 112.50-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Diesel and Gas Turbine Engine Driven Generator Sets § 112.50-5 Electric starting...

46 CFR 112.50-5 - Electric starting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Electric starting. 112.50-5 Section 112.50-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Diesel and Gas Turbine Engine Driven Generator Sets § 112.50-5 Electric starting...

Wetting and motion behaviors of water droplet on graphene under thermal-electric coupling field

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Zhong-Qiang; Dong, Xin; Ye, Hong-Fei; Cheng, Guang-Gui; Ding, Jian-Ning; Ling, Zhi-Yong

2015-02-01

Wetting dynamics and motion behaviors of a water droplet on graphene are characterized under the electric-thermal coupling field using classical molecular dynamics simulation method. The water droplet on graphene can be driven by the temperature gradient, while the moving direction is dependent on the electric field intensity. Concretely, the water droplet on graphene moves from the low temperature region to the high temperature region for the relatively weak electric field intensity. The motion acceleration increases with the electric field intensity on graphene, whereas the moving direction switches when the electric field intensity increases up to a threshold. The essence is the change from hydrophilic to hydrophobic for the water droplet on graphene at a threshold of the electric field intensity. Moreover, the driven force of the water droplet caused by the overall oscillation of graphene has important influence on the motion behaviors. The results are helpful to control the wettability of graphene and further develop the graphene-based fluidic nanodevices.

Manipulation of a neutral and nonpolar nanoparticle in water using a nonuniform electric field

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xu, Zhen; Wang, Chunlei; Sheng, Nan; Hu, Guohui; Zhou, Zhewei; Fang, Haiping

2016-01-01

The manipulation of nanoparticles in water is of essential importance in chemical physics, nanotechnology, medical technology, and biotechnology applications. Generally, a particle with net charges or charge polarity can be driven by an electric field. However, many practical particles only have weak and even negligible charge and polarity, which hinders the electric field to exert a force large enough to drive these nanoparticles directly. Here, we use molecular dynamics simulations to show that a neutral and nonpolar nanoparticle in liquid water can be driven directionally by an external electric field. The directed motion benefits from a nonuniform water environment produced by a nonuniform external electric field, since lower water energies exist under a higher intensity electric field. The nanoparticle spontaneously moves toward locations with a weaker electric field intensity to minimize the energy of the whole system. Considering that the distance between adjacent regions of nonuniform field intensity can reach the micrometer scale, this finding provides a new mechanism of manipulating nanoparticles from the nanoscale to the microscale.

17. INTERIOR OF BATHROOM SHOWING TOILET AT EXTREME PHOTO LEFT, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

17. INTERIOR OF BATHROOM SHOWING TOILET AT EXTREME PHOTO LEFT, SINK, MIRROR AND ELECTRIC LIGHT AT LEFT PHOTO CENTER, OPEN AND CLOSED BUILT-IN CABINETRY AT PHOTO CENTER AND THE BATHTUB AT EXTREME PHOTO RIGHT. VIEW TO SOUTHWEST. - Bishop Creek Hydroelectric System, Plant 4, Worker Cottage, Bishop Creek, Bishop, Inyo County, CA

Sizing Power Components of an Electrically Driven Tail Cone Thruster and a Range Extender

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jansen, Ralph H.; Bowman, Cheryl; Jankovsky, Amy

2016-01-01

The aeronautics industry has been challenged on many fronts to increase efficiency, reduce emissions, and decrease dependency on carbon-based fuels. This paper provides an overview of the turboelectric and hybrid electric technologies being developed under NASA's Advanced Air Transportation Technology (AATT) Project and discusses how these technologies can impact vehicle design. The discussion includes an overview of key hybrid electric studies and technology investments, the approach to making informed investment decisions based on key performance parameters and mission studies, and the power system architectures for two candidate aircraft. Finally, the power components for a single-aisle turboelectric aircraft with an electrically driven tail cone thruster and for a hybrid-electric nine-passenger aircraft with a range extender are parametrically sized, and the sensitivity of these components to key parameters is presented.

28. VIEW EAST FROM DECKING ON SOUTHWEST CORNER OF PIVOT ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

28. VIEW EAST FROM DECKING ON SOUTHWEST CORNER OF PIVOT PIER, DRIVE SYSTEM FOR SWING-SPAN INCLUDES: (from left to right) ELECTRIC LINE FROM SHORE (bottom left), TRACK AND RAIL ON CONCRETE PIER, ELECTRIC MOTOR, GASOLINE MOTOR, SHAFTS TO WEDGE DRIVE CRANKS, WEDGE DRIVE DRIVE SHAFT, WEDGE DRIVE GEAR BOX, AND (on right) GEARING FOR MANUAL WEDGE DRIVE ACCESSED THROUGH BRIDGE DECK - Tipers Bridge, Spanning Great Wicomico River at State Route 200, Kilmarnock, Lancaster County, VA

Compliance, Commitment, and Capacity: Examining Districts' Responses to No Child Left Behind

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Terry, Kellie

2010-01-01

Evolving purposes for the United States educational system have driven legislative policy over the past 40 years, beginning with the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, reauthorized as the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act in 2002. However, researchers have demonstrated US policy intents are often unrealized in educational practice,…

The Impact of Standards-Based Reform on Teachers: The Case of "No Child Left Behind"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smith, Jason M.; Kovacs, Philip E.

2011-01-01

Standards-based reform is a trend affecting the educational systems of nations around the world, driven by desires to create educational systems suited to increasing economic productivity. In the USA, The No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act of 2001 includes goals of reducing achievement gaps and getting "highly qualified" teachers in all…

Does Categorical Perception in the Left Hemisphere Depend on Language?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Holmes, Kevin J.; Wolff, Phillip

2012-01-01

Categorical perception (CP) refers to the influence of category knowledge on perception and is revealed by a superior ability to discriminate items across categories relative to items within a category. In recent years, the finding that CP is lateralized to the left hemisphere in adults has been interpreted as evidence for a kind of CP driven by…

Adding transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation to visual scanning training does not enhance treatment effect on hemispatial neglect: a randomized, controlled, double-blind study.

PubMed

Seniów, Joanna; Polanowska, Katarzyna; Leśniak, Marcin; Członkowska, Anna

2016-12-01

Left-sided transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) increases right hemispheric activity, which may improve the rehabilitative outcome of hemispatial neglect. To examine the behavioral effect of electrical stimulation of the nerve afferents of the left hand during early neuropsychological rehabilitation of post-stroke patients with hemispatial neglect. This randomized, controlled, double-blind study included 29 patients (enrolled in the experimental or control group) with left hemispatial neglect after right hemispheric stroke. For 3 weeks, patients received 15 therapeutic sessions involving TENS (active or sham) with a mesh glove applied on the entire left hand during the first 30 minutes of a 45-minute conventional visual scanning training (VST). Signs of hemispatial neglect were assessed using a psychometric test before and after treatment. Univariate analysis of covariance revealed that differences between the control and experimental groups were not significant after treatment (F(1, 22) = 0.294, P = 0.593) when adjusted for pre-treatment scores and time since stroke onset. This suggested that electrical stimulation failed to mitigate the severity of hemispatial neglect symptoms. Our study did not provide evidence of the effectiveness of TENS when added to VST during early rehabilitation for patients with post-stroke hemispatial neglect. Other techniques (applied alone or together) should be sought to improve recovery in this population.

Healing of cornea following an electric burn.

PubMed

Chaudhry, Tanveer Anjum; Shaikh, Farheen; Ahmad, Khabir

2012-08-01

Electrical injuries have become a significant health problem in developing countries because of increase in access to electricity in the last few decades and lack of adequate safety measures. Electrical injuries of eyes are relatively uncommon. A case report of a rapid and complete corneal healing accompanied by satisfactory visual recovery after an electric burn event in a 20-year-old male is reported. The patient had accidental exposure to high voltage live wire while he was repairing it, resulting in severe ocular and superficial body burn. He was not wearing any protective equipment at the time of injury. On examination, the best-corrected visual acuity was counting fingers in the left eye with severe corneal epithelial loss and diffuse corneal oedema. The patient was treated medically, with a rapid corneal healing and resolution of oedema over the next few days. Visual acuity in the worse eye (left) improved to 20/25 from counting fingers.

Central Office Data-Driven Decision Making in Public Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Scheikl, Oskar F.

2009-01-01

Data-driven decision making has become part of the lexicon for educational reform efforts. Supported by the federal No Child Left Behind legislation, the use of data to inform educational decisions has become a common-place practice across the country. Using an online survey administered to central office data leaders in all Virginia public school…

Field-aligned currents and large scale magnetospheric electric fields

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dangelo, N.

1980-01-01

D'Angelo's model of polar cap electric fields (1977) was used to visualize how high-latitude field-aligned currents are driven by the solar wind generator. The region 1 and region 2 currents of Iijima and Potemra (1976) and the cusp field-aligned currents of Wilhjelm et al. (1978) and McDiarmid et al. (1978) are apparently driven by different generators, although in both cases the solar wind is their ultimate source.

Electrically Driven Single Phase Thermal Management: STP-H5 EHD Experiment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Didion, Jeffrey R.

2016-01-01

The Electrically Driven Single Phase Thermal Management: STP-H5 iEHDS Experiment is a technology demonstration of prototype proof of concept hardware to establish the feasilibilty and long term operation of this hardware. This is a structural thermal plate that will operate continuous as part of the STP-H5 ISEM experiment for up to 18 months. This presentation discusses the design, fabrication and environmental operational paramertes of the experiment hardware.

Electrically Driven Photonic Crystal Nanocavity Devices

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-01-01

material, here gallium arsenide and indium arsenide self- assembled quantum dots (QDs). QDs are preferred for the gain medium because they can have...blue points ) and 150 K (green points ). The black lines are linear fits to the above threshold output power of the lasers, which are used to find the...SHAMBAT et al.: ELECTRICALLY DRIVEN PHOTONIC CRYSTAL NANOCAVITY DEVICES 1707 Fig. 13. (a) Tilted SEM picture of a fabricated triple cavity device. The in

Experimental verification of isotropic radiation from a coherent dipole source via electric-field-driven LC resonator metamaterials.

PubMed

Tichit, Paul-Henri; Burokur, Shah Nawaz; Qiu, Cheng-Wei; de Lustrac, André

2013-09-27

It has long been conjectured that isotropic radiation by a simple coherent source is impossible due to changes in polarization. Though hypothetical, the isotropic source is usually taken as the reference for determining a radiator's gain and directivity. Here, we demonstrate both theoretically and experimentally that an isotropic radiator can be made of a simple and finite source surrounded by electric-field-driven LC resonator metamaterials designed by space manipulation. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, we show the first isotropic source with omnidirectional radiation from a dipole source (applicable to all distributed sources), which can open up several possibilities in axion electrodynamics, optical illusion, novel transformation-optic devices, wireless communication, and antenna engineering. Owing to the electric- field-driven LC resonator realization scheme, this principle can be readily applied to higher frequency regimes where magnetism is usually not present.

Experimentally observed evolution between dynamic patterns and intrinsic localized modes in a driven nonlinear electrical cyclic lattice

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shige, S.; Miyasaka, K.; Shi, W.; Soga, Y.; Sato, M.; Sievers, A. J.

2018-02-01

Locked intrinsic localized modes (ILMs) and large amplitude lattice spatial modes (LSMs) have been experimentally measured for a driven 1-D nonlinear cyclic electric transmission line, where the nonlinear element is a saturable capacitor. Depending on the number of cells and electrical lattice damping an LSM of fixed shape can be tuned across the modal spectrum. Interestingly, by tuning the driver frequency away from this spectrum the LSM can be continuously converted into ILMs and vice versa. The differences in pattern formation between simulations and experimental findings are due to a low concentration of impurities. Through this novel nonlinear excitation and switching channel in cyclic lattices either energy balanced or unbalanced LSMs and ILMs may occur. Because of the general nature of these dynamical results for nonintegrable lattices applications are to be expected. The ultimate stability of driven aero machinery containing nonlinear periodic structures may be one example.

En route to surface-bound electric field-driven molecular motors.

PubMed

Jian, Huahua; Tour, James M

2003-06-27

Four caltrop-shaped molecules that might be useful as surface-bound electric field-driven molecular motors have been synthesized. The caltrops are comprised of a pair of electron donor-acceptor arms and a tripod base. The molecular arms are based on a carbazole or oligo(phenylene ethynylene) core with a strong net dipole. The tripod base uses a silicon atom as its core. The legs of the tripod bear sulfur-tipped bonding units, as acetyl-protected benzylic thiols, for bonding to a gold surface. The geometry of the tripod base allows the caltrop to project upward from a metallic surface after self-assembly. Ellipsometric studies show that self-assembled monolayers of the caltrops are formed on Au surfaces with molecular thicknesses consistent with the desired upright-shaft arrangement. As a result, the zwitterionic molecular arms might be controllable when electric fields are applied around the caltrops, thereby constituting field-driven motors.

Reactive tunnel junctions in electrically driven plasmonic nanorod metamaterials

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Pan; Krasavin, Alexey V.; Nasir, Mazhar E.; Dickson, Wayne; Zayats, Anatoly V.

2018-02-01

Non-equilibrium hot carriers formed near the interfaces of semiconductors or metals play a crucial role in chemical catalysis and optoelectronic processes. In addition to optical illumination, an efficient way to generate hot carriers is by excitation with tunnelling electrons. Here, we show that the generation of hot electrons makes the nanoscale tunnel junctions highly reactive and facilitates strongly confined chemical reactions that can, in turn, modulate the tunnelling processes. We designed a device containing an array of electrically driven plasmonic nanorods with up to 1011 tunnel junctions per square centimetre, which demonstrates hot-electron activation of oxidation and reduction reactions in the junctions, induced by the presence of O2 and H2 molecules, respectively. The kinetics of the reactions can be monitored in situ following the radiative decay of tunnelling-induced surface plasmons. This electrically driven plasmonic nanorod metamaterial platform can be useful for the development of nanoscale chemical and optoelectronic devices based on electron tunnelling.

Functional asymmetry between the left and right human fusiform gyrus explored through electrical brain stimulation.

PubMed

Rangarajan, Vinitha; Parvizi, Josef

2016-03-01

The ventral temporal cortex (VTC) contains several areas with selective responses to words, numbers, faces, and objects as demonstrated by numerous human and primate imaging and electrophysiological studies. Our recent work using electrocorticography (ECoG) confirmed the presence of face-selective neuronal populations in the human fusiform gyrus (FG) in patients implanted with intracranial electrodes in either the left or right hemisphere. Electrical brain stimulation (EBS) disrupted the conscious perception of faces only when it was delivered in the right, but not left, FG. In contrast to our previous findings, here we report both negative and positive EBS effects in right and left FG, respectively. The presence of right hemisphere language dominance in the first, and strong left-handedness and poor language processing performance in the second case, provide indirect clues about the functional architecture of the human VTC in relation to hemispheric asymmetries in language processing and handedness. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

25. AERIAL VIEW LOOKING NORTHWEST SHOWING (from left) CONGDON, PHOENIX, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

25. AERIAL VIEW LOOKING NORTHWEST SHOWING (from left) CONGDON, PHOENIX, HARMONY, AND INDUSTRY MILLS, AND PUBLIC SERVICE ELECTRIC CO. - Great Falls S. U. M. Historic District, Oliver Street, Paterson, Passaic County, NJ

Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator

MedlinePlus

... of a large pocket watch. It contains a battery and electrical circuits that read the electrical activity ... delivered How much power is left in the batteries. Outlook (Prognosis) Your ICD will constantly monitor your ...

Captured key electrical safety lockout system

DOEpatents

Darimont, Daniel E.

1995-01-01

A safety lockout apparatus for an electrical circuit includes an electrical switch, a key, a lock and a blocking mechanism. The electrical switch is movable between an ON position at which the electrical circuit is energized and an OFF position at which the electrical circuit is deactivated. The lock is adapted to receive the key and is rotatable among a plurality of positions by the key. The key is only insertable and removable when the lock is at a preselected position. The lock is maintained in the preselected position when the key is removed from the lock. The blocking mechanism physically maintains the switch in its OFF position when the key is removed from the lock. The blocking mechanism preferably includes a member driven by the lock between a first position at which the electrical switch is movable between its ON and OFF positions and a second position at which the member physically maintains the electrical switch in its OFF position. Advantageously, the driven member's second position corresponds to the preselected position at which the key can be removed from and inserted into the lock.

Captured key electrical safety lockout system

DOEpatents

Darimont, D.E.

1995-10-31

A safety lockout apparatus for an electrical circuit includes an electrical switch, a key, a lock and a blocking mechanism. The electrical switch is movable between an ON position at which the electrical circuit is energized and an OFF position at which the electrical circuit is deactivated. The lock is adapted to receive the key and is rotatable among a plurality of positions by the key. The key is only insertable and removable when the lock is at a preselected position. The lock is maintained in the preselected position when the key is removed from the lock. The blocking mechanism physically maintains the switch in its OFF position when the key is removed from the lock. The blocking mechanism preferably includes a member driven by the lock between a first position at which the electrical switch is movable between its ON and OFF positions and a second position at which the member physically maintains the electrical switch in its OFF position. Advantageously, the driven member`s second position corresponds to the preselected position at which the key can be removed from and inserted into the lock. 7 figs.

Electric vehicle greenhouse gas emission assessment for Hawaii.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-07-01

This study estimates greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of electric vehicles (EVs) compared to that of other popular and similar cars in Hawaii, by county over an assumption of 150,000 miles driven. The GHG benefits of EVs depend critically on the electr...

30 CFR 18.60 - Detailed inspection of components.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

..., EVALUATION, AND APPROVAL OF MINING PRODUCTS ELECTRIC MOTOR-DRIVEN MINE EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES Inspections and Tests § 18.60 Detailed inspection of components. An inspection of each electrical component shall... design and construction. (e) Examination for adequacy of electrical insulation and clearances between...

A sub-μs thermal time constant electrically driven Pt nanoheater: thermo-dynamic design and frequency characterization

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ottonello Briano, Floria, E-mail: floria@kth.se; Sohlström, Hans; Forsberg, Fredrik

2016-05-09

Metal nanowires can emit coherent polarized thermal radiation, work as uncooled bolometers, and provide localized heating. In this paper, we engineer the temperature dynamics of electrically driven Pt nanoheaters on a silicon-on-insulator substrate. We present three designs and we electrically characterize and model their thermal impedance in the frequency range from 3 Hz to 3 MHz. Finally, we show a temperature modulation of 300 K while consuming less than 5 mW of power, up to a frequency of 1.3 MHz. This result can lead to significant advancements in thermography and absorption spectroscopy.

Electrical Control of g-Factor in a Few-Hole Silicon Nanowire MOSFET.

PubMed

Voisin, B; Maurand, R; Barraud, S; Vinet, M; Jehl, X; Sanquer, M; Renard, J; De Franceschi, S

2016-01-13

Hole spins in silicon represent a promising yet barely explored direction for solid-state quantum computation, possibly combining long spin coherence, resulting from a reduced hyperfine interaction, and fast electrically driven qubit manipulation. Here we show that a silicon-nanowire field-effect transistor based on state-of-the-art silicon-on-insulator technology can be operated as a few-hole quantum dot. A detailed magnetotransport study of the first accessible hole reveals a g-factor with unexpectedly strong anisotropy and gate dependence. We infer that these two characteristics could enable an electrically driven g-tensor-modulation spin resonance with Rabi frequencies exceeding several hundred mega-Hertz.

PORTION OF A LINE (AT LEFT) AND B LINE (AT ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

PORTION OF A LINE (AT LEFT) AND B LINE (AT RIGHT) ON GENTLE TERRACE SLOPE. A LINE POLE 75A (LEFT FOREGROUND) HAS ORIGINAL GLASS PIN-TYPE INSULATORS AND INTACT COMMUNICATION LINE CROSS ARM. VIEW TO WEST-SOUTHWEST. - Mystic Lake Hydroelectric Facility, Electric Transmission A Line, Along West Rosebud Creek, Fishtail, Stillwater County, MT

1. SOUTH FRONT OF TURBINE BUILDING BUILDING L1 (LEFT) AND ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. SOUTH FRONT OF TURBINE BUILDING BUILDING L1 (LEFT) AND OF L.P. BOILER ROOM BUILDING L2 (RIGHT) - Portland General Electric Company, Turbine Building, 1841 Southeast Water Street, Portland, Multnomah County, OR

10. EAST SIDE OF BUILDING, LOOKING NORTH, TO LEFT FURNACES ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

10. EAST SIDE OF BUILDING, LOOKING NORTH, TO LEFT FURNACES WITH MAIN WATER HOLDING TANKS ABOVE - Portland General Electric Company, Station "L", L.P. Boiler Room, 1841 Southeast Water Street, Portland, Multnomah County, OR

Wide-view transflective liquid crystal display for mobile applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kim, Hyang Yul; Ge, Zhibing; Wu, Shin-Tson; Lee, Seung Hee

2007-12-01

A high optical efficiency and wide-view transflective liquid crystal display based on fringe-field switching structure is proposed. The transmissive part has a homogenous liquid crystal (LC) alignment and is driven by a fringe electric field, which exhibits excellent electro-optic characteristics. The reflective part has a hybrid LC alignment with quarter-wave phase retardation and is also driven by a fringe electric field. Consequently, the transmissive and reflective parts have similar gamma curves.

Peptide assembly-driven metal-organic framework (MOF) motors for micro electric generators.

PubMed

Ikezoe, Yasuhiro; Fang, Justin; Wasik, Tomasz L; Uemura, Takashi; Zheng, Yongtai; Kitagawa, Susumu; Matsui, Hiroshi

2015-01-14

Peptide-metal-organic framework (Pep-MOF) motors, whose motions are driven by anisotropic surface tension gradients created via peptide self-assembly around frameworks, can rotate microscopic rotors and magnets fast enough to generate an electric power of 0.1 μW. A new rigid Pep-MOF motor can be recycled by refilling the peptide fuel into the nanopores of the MOF. © 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Electric-field-driven electron-transfer in mixed-valence molecules.

PubMed

Blair, Enrique P; Corcelli, Steven A; Lent, Craig S

2016-07-07

Molecular quantum-dot cellular automata is a computing paradigm in which digital information is encoded by the charge configuration of a mixed-valence molecule. General-purpose computing can be achieved by arranging these compounds on a substrate and exploiting intermolecular Coulombic coupling. The operation of such a device relies on nonequilibrium electron transfer (ET), whereby the time-varying electric field of one molecule induces an ET event in a neighboring molecule. The magnitude of the electric fields can be quite large because of close spatial proximity, and the induced ET rate is a measure of the nonequilibrium response of the molecule. We calculate the electric-field-driven ET rate for a model mixed-valence compound. The mixed-valence molecule is regarded as a two-state electronic system coupled to a molecular vibrational mode, which is, in turn, coupled to a thermal environment. Both the electronic and vibrational degrees-of-freedom are treated quantum mechanically, and the dissipative vibrational-bath interaction is modeled with the Lindblad equation. This approach captures both tunneling and nonadiabatic dynamics. Relationships between microscopic molecular properties and the driven ET rate are explored for two time-dependent applied fields: an abruptly switched field and a linearly ramped field. In both cases, the driven ET rate is only weakly temperature dependent. When the model is applied using parameters appropriate to a specific mixed-valence molecule, diferrocenylacetylene, terahertz-range ET transfer rates are predicted.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Luo, Qingtao; Li, Liyu; Nie, Zimin

We will show a new method to differentiate the vanadium transport from concentration gradient and that from electric field. Flow batteries with vanadium and iron redox couples as the electro-active species were employed to investigate the transport behavior of vanadium ions in the presence of electric field. It was shown that electric field accelerated the positive-to-negative and reduced the negative-to-positive vanadium ions transport in charge process and affected the vanadium ions transport in an opposite way in discharge process. In addition, a method was designed to differentiate the concentration gradient-driven vanadium ions diffusion and electric field-driven vanadium ions migration. Simplifiedmore » mathematical model was established to simulate the vanadium ions transport in real charge-discharge operation of flow battery. The concentration gradient diffusion coefficients and electric-migration coefficients of V2+, V3+, VO2+, and VO2+ across Nafion membrane were obtained by fitting the experimental data.« less

Electrically driven spin qubit based on valley mixing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huang, Wister; Veldhorst, Menno; Zimmerman, Neil M.; Dzurak, Andrew S.; Culcer, Dimitrie

2017-02-01

The electrical control of single spin qubits based on semiconductor quantum dots is of great interest for scalable quantum computing since electric fields provide an alternative mechanism for qubit control compared with magnetic fields and can also be easier to produce. Here we outline the mechanism for a drastic enhancement in the electrically-driven spin rotation frequency for silicon quantum dot qubits in the presence of a step at a heterointerface. The enhancement is due to the strong coupling between the ground and excited states which occurs when the electron wave function overcomes the potential barrier induced by the interface step. We theoretically calculate single qubit gate times tπ of 170 ns for a quantum dot confined at a silicon/silicon-dioxide interface. The engineering of such steps could be used to achieve fast electrical rotation and entanglement of spin qubits despite the weak spin-orbit coupling in silicon.

The Impact of Sex and Language Dominance on Material-Specific Memory Before and After Left Temporal Lobe Surgery

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Helmstaedter, C.; Brosch, T.; Kurthen, M.; Elger, C. E.

2004-01-01

Recent findings raised evidence that in early-onset left temporal lobe epilepsy, women show greater functional plasticity for verbal memory than men. In particular, women with lesion- or epilepsy-driven atypical language dominance show an advantage over men. The question asked in this study was whether there is evidence of sex- and language…

A Lack of Left Visual Field Bias when Individuals with Autism Process Faces

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dundas, Eva M.; Best, Catherine A.; Minshew, Nancy J.; Strauss, Mark S.

2012-01-01

It has been established that typically developing individuals have a bias to attend to facial information in the left visual field (LVF) more than in the right visual field. This bias is thought to arise from the right hemisphere's advantage for processing facial information, with evidence suggesting it to be driven by the configural demands of…

How much are Chevrolet Volts in The EV Project driven in EV Mode?

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Smart, John

2013-08-01

This report summarizes key conclusions from analysis of data collected from Chevrolet Volts participating in The EV Project. Topics include how many miles are driven in EV mode, how far vehicles are driven between charging events, and how much energy is charged from the electric grid per charging event.

30 CFR 18.32 - Fastenings-additional requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

..., EVALUATION, AND APPROVAL OF MINING PRODUCTS ELECTRIC MOTOR-DRIVEN MINE EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES Construction... or for making electrical connections. (g) The acceptable sizes for and spacings of fastenings shall...

Impact of Alternate Assessment on Curricula for Students with Severe Disabilities: Purpose Driven or Process Driven?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lowrey, K. Alisa; Drasgow, Erik; Renzaglia, Adelle; Chezan, Laura

2007-01-01

In this article, the authors highlight the impact of alternate assessment on curriculum content for students with severe disabilities. Alternate assessment is a requirement of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) Amendments of 1997 and the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) of 2001 to ensure that students with the most significant…

Accountability: A M.E.A.S.U.R.E of the Impact School Counselors Have on Student Achievement.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dahir, Carol A.; Stone, Carolyn B.

2003-01-01

Presents information on M.E.A.S.U.R.E., a process that assists school counselors in delivering a data-driven school counseling program. Highlights challenges faced by school counselors in an accountability-driven environment and provisions of the No Child Left Behind Act. (Contains 10 references and 6 tables.) (GCP)

Co-Constructing Distributed Leadership: District and School Connections in Data-Driven Decision-Making

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Park, Vicki; Datnow, Amanda

2009-01-01

The purpose of this paper is to examine leadership practices in school systems that are implementing data-driven decision-making employing the theory of distributed leadership. With the advent of No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB) in the US, educational leaders are now required to analyse, interpret and use data to make informed decisions in…

30 CFR 18.45 - Cable reels.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... constitute an integral part of a circuit for transmitting electrical energy. (d) Cable reels for shuttle cars... MINING PRODUCTS ELECTRIC MOTOR-DRIVEN MINE EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES Construction and Design Requirements § 18.45 Cable reels. (a) A self-propelled machine, that receives electrical energy through a portable...

30 CFR 18.45 - Cable reels.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... constitute an integral part of a circuit for transmitting electrical energy. (d) Cable reels for shuttle cars... MINING PRODUCTS ELECTRIC MOTOR-DRIVEN MINE EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES Construction and Design Requirements § 18.45 Cable reels. (a) A self-propelled machine, that receives electrical energy through a portable...

30 CFR 18.45 - Cable reels.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... constitute an integral part of a circuit for transmitting electrical energy. (d) Cable reels for shuttle cars... MINING PRODUCTS ELECTRIC MOTOR-DRIVEN MINE EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES Construction and Design Requirements § 18.45 Cable reels. (a) A self-propelled machine, that receives electrical energy through a portable...

30 CFR 18.45 - Cable reels.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... constitute an integral part of a circuit for transmitting electrical energy. (d) Cable reels for shuttle cars... MINING PRODUCTS ELECTRIC MOTOR-DRIVEN MINE EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES Construction and Design Requirements § 18.45 Cable reels. (a) A self-propelled machine, that receives electrical energy through a portable...

30 CFR 18.45 - Cable reels.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... constitute an integral part of a circuit for transmitting electrical energy. (d) Cable reels for shuttle cars... MINING PRODUCTS ELECTRIC MOTOR-DRIVEN MINE EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES Construction and Design Requirements § 18.45 Cable reels. (a) A self-propelled machine, that receives electrical energy through a portable...

30 CFR 18.97 - Inspection of machines; minimum requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... TESTING, EVALUATION, AND APPROVAL OF MINING PRODUCTS ELECTRIC MOTOR-DRIVEN MINE EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES Field Approval of Electrically Operated Mining Equipment § 18.97 Inspection of machines; minimum... shall be conducted by an electrical representative and such inspection shall include: (1) Examination of...

30 CFR 18.97 - Inspection of machines; minimum requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... TESTING, EVALUATION, AND APPROVAL OF MINING PRODUCTS ELECTRIC MOTOR-DRIVEN MINE EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES Field Approval of Electrically Operated Mining Equipment § 18.97 Inspection of machines; minimum... shall be conducted by an electrical representative and such inspection shall include: (1) Examination of...

Evaluation and selection of refrigeration systems for lunar surface and space applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Copeland, R. J.; Blount, T. D.; Williams, J. L.

1971-01-01

Evaluated are the various refrigeration machines which could be used to provide heat rejection in environmental control systems for lunar surface and spacecraft applications, in order to select the best refrigeration machine for satisfying each individual application and the best refrigeration machine for satisfying all of the applications. The refrigeration machine considered include: (1) vapor comparison cycle (work-driven); (2) vapor adsorption cycle (heat-driven); (3) vapor absorption cycle (heat-driven); (4) thermoelectric (electrically-driven); (5) gas cycle (work driven); (6) steam-jet (heat-driven).

27. View, looking north, of motor house; the electric motor ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

27. View, looking north, of motor house; the electric motor and electric-powered winch are housed in section of building to the left. Photo by Jet Lowe, HAER, 1989. - Puget Sound Power & Light Company, White River Hydroelectric Project, 600 North River Avenue, Dieringer, Pierce County, WA

Double-driven shield capacitive type proximity sensor

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Vranish, John M. (Inventor)

1993-01-01

A capacity type proximity sensor comprised of a capacitance type sensor, a capacitance type reference, and two independent and mutually opposing driven shields respectively adjacent to the sensor and reference and which are coupled in an electrical bridge circuit configuration and driven by a single frequency crystal controlled oscillator is presented. The bridge circuit additionally includes a pair of fixed electrical impedance elements which form adjacent arms of the bridge and which comprise either a pair of precision resistances or capacitors. Detection of bridge unbalance provides an indication of the mutual proximity between an object and the sensor. Drift compensation is also utilized to improve performance and thus increase sensor range and sensitivity.

Electrical Stimulation of the Left and Right Human Fusiform Gyrus Causes Different Effects in Conscious Face Perception

PubMed Central

Rangarajan, Vinitha; Hermes, Dora; Foster, Brett L.; Weiner, Kevin S.; Jacques, Corentin; Grill-Spector, Kalanit

2014-01-01

Neuroimaging and electrophysiological studies across species have confirmed bilateral face-selective responses in the ventral temporal cortex (VTC) and prosopagnosia is reported in patients with lesions in the VTC including the fusiform gyrus (FG). As imaging and electrophysiological studies provide correlative evidence, and brain lesions often comprise both white and gray matter structures beyond the FG, we designed the current study to explore the link between face-related electrophysiological responses in the FG and the causal effects of electrical stimulation of the left or right FG in face perception. We used a combination of electrocorticography (ECoG) and electrical brain stimulation (EBS) in 10 human subjects implanted with intracranial electrodes in either the left (5 participants, 30 FG sites) or right (5 participants, 26 FG sites) hemispheres. We identified FG sites with face-selective ECoG responses, and recorded perceptual reports during EBS of these sites. In line with existing literature, face-selective ECoG responses were present in both left and right FG sites. However, when the same sites were stimulated, we observed a striking difference between hemispheres. Only EBS of the right FG caused changes in the conscious perception of faces, whereas EBS of strongly face-selective regions in the left FG produced non-face-related visual changes, such as phosphenes. This study examines the relationship between correlative versus causal nature of ECoG and EBS, respectively, and provides important insight into the differential roles of the right versus left FG in conscious face perception. PMID:25232118

Electric Sail (E-Sail) Tether Team

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-08-03

Electric Sail (E-Sail) Tether Team Discusses 6U CubeSat Test Article and Tether Deployment System (Right to left: Tom Bryan, Davis Hunter (student intern), Jonathan MacArthur (student intern), Charles Cowen, Mike Tinker)

Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome and Accessory Pathways

MedlinePlus

... is generated by the SA node, and that electricity spreads through the right and left atria, directing ... in that it is the only pathway for electricity that communicates from the upper chambers (atria) to ...

Sizing Power Components of an Electrically Driven Tail Cone Thruster and a Range Extender

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jansen, Ralph H.; Bowman, Cheryl; Jankovsky, Amy

2016-01-01

The aeronautics industry has been challenged on many fronts to increase efficiency, reduce emissions, and decrease dependency on carbon-based fuels. The NASA Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate has identified a suite of investments to meet long term research demands beyond the purview of commercial investment. Electrification of aviation propulsion through turboelectric or hybrid electric propulsion is one of many exciting research areas which has the potential to revolutionize the aviation industry. This paper will provide an overview of the turboelectric and hybrid electric technologies being developed under NASAs Advanced Air Transportation Technology (AATT) Project, and how these technologies can impact vehicle design. An overview will be presented of vehicle system studies and the electric drive system assumptions for successful turboelectric and hybrid electric propulsion in single aisle size commercial aircraft. Key performance parameters for electric drive system technologies will be reviewed, and the technical investment made in materials, electric machines, power electronics, and integrated power systems will be discussed. Finally, power components for a single aisle turboelectric aircraft with an electrically driven tail cone thruster and a hybrid electric nine passenger aircraft with a range extender will be parametrically sized.

Low losses left-handed materials with optimized electric and magnetic resonance

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhou, Xin; Liu, Yahong; Zhao, Xiaopeng

2010-03-01

We propose that the losses in left-handed materials (LHMs) can be significantly affected by changing the coupling relationship between electric and magnetic resonance. A double bowknot shaped structure (DBS) is used to construct the LHMs. And the magnetic resonance of the DBS, which resonated in the case of lower and higher frequencies than the electric resonant dip, is studied in simulation and experiment by tailoring the structural parameters. The case of magnetic resonance located at low electric resonance frequencies band is confirmed to have relatively low losses. Using full wave simulation of prism shaped structure composed of DBS unit cells, we prove the negative refraction behavior in such a frame. This study can serve as a guide for designing other similar metal-dielectric-metal (MDM) in low losses at terahertz or higher frequencies.

30 CFR 18.25 - Combustible gases from insulating material.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

..., EVALUATION, AND APPROVAL OF MINING PRODUCTS ELECTRIC MOTOR-DRIVEN MINE EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES Construction... enclosures where the materials are subjected to destructive electrical action. (b) Parts coated or...

Brain hemorrhage after electrical burn injury: Case report and probable mechanism.

PubMed

Axayacalt, Gutierrez Aceves Guillermo; Alejandro, Ceja Espinosa; Marcos, Rios Alanis; Inocencio, Ruiz Flores Milton; Alfredo, Herrera Gonzalez Jose

2016-01-01

High-voltage electric injury may induce lesion in different organs. In addition to the local tissue damage, electrical injuries may lead to neurological deficits, musculoskeletal damage, and cardiovascular injury. Severe vascular damage may occur making the blood vessels involved prone to thrombosis and spontaneous rupture. Here, we present the case of a 39-year-old male who suffered an electrical burn with high tension wire causing intracranial bleeding. He presented with an electrical burn in the parietal area (entry zone) and the left forearm (exit zone). The head tomography scan revealed an intraparenchimatous bleeding in the left parietal area. In this case, the electric way was the scalp, cranial bone, blood vessels and brain, upper limb muscle, and skin. The damage was different according to the dielectric property in each tissue. The injury was in the scalp, cerebral blood vessel, skeletal muscle, and upper limb skin. The main damage was in brain's blood vessels because of the dielectric and geometric features that lead to bleeding, high temperature, and gas delivering. This is a report of a patient with an electric brain injury that can be useful to elucidate the behavior of the high voltage electrical current flow into the nervous system.

SURFACE ELECTROMYOGRAPHY OF MASSETER AND TEMPORAL MUSCLES WITH USE PERCENTAGE WHILE CHEWING ON CANDIDATES FOR GASTROPLASTY

PubMed Central

dos SANTOS, Andréa Cavalcante; da SILVA, Carlos Antonio Bruno

2016-01-01

ABSTRACT Background: Surface electromyography identifies changes in the electrical potential of the muscles during each contraction. The percentage of use is a way to treat values enabling comparison between groups. Aim: To analyze the electrical activity and the percentage of use of masseter and temporal muscles during chewing in candidates for gastric bypass. Methods: It was used Surface Electromyography Miotool 200,400 (Miotec (r), Porto Alegre/RS, Brazil) integrated with Miograph 2.0 software, involving patients between 20-40 years old. Were included data on electrical activity simultaneously and in pairs of temporal muscle groups and masseter at rest, maximum intercuspation and during the chewing of food previously classified. Results: Were enrolled 39 patients (59 women), mean age 27.1+/-5.7. The percentage of use focused on temporal muscle, in a range of 11-20, female literacy (n=11; 47.82) on the left side and 15 (65.21) on the right-hand side. In the male, nine (56.25) at left and 12 (75.00) on the right-hand side. In masseter, also in the range of 11 to 20, female literacy (n=10; 43.48) on the left side and 11 (47.83) on the right-hand side. In the male, nine (56.25) at left and eight (50.00) on the right-hand side. Conclusion: 40-50% of the sample showed electrical activity in muscles (masseter and temporal) with variable values, and after processing into percentage value, facilitating the comparison of load of used electrical activity between the group, as well as usage percentage was obtained of muscle fibers 11-20% values involving, representing a range that is considered as a reference to the group studied. The gender was not a variable. PMID:27683776

Power Transfer in Physical Systems.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kaeck, Jack A.

1990-01-01

Explores the power transfer using (1) a simple electric circuit consisting of a power source with internal resistance; (2) two different mechanical systems (gravity driven and constant force driven); (3) ecological examples; and (4) a linear motor. (YP)

Attitude controls for VTOL aircraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pauli, F. A.

1971-01-01

Systems consist of single duct system with two sets of reaction control nozzles, one linked mechanically to pilot's controls, and other set driven by electric servomotors commanded by preselected combinations of electrical signals.

A simulation of dielectrophoresis force actuated liquid lens

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yao, Xiaoyin; Xia, Jun

2009-11-01

Dielectrophoresis (DEP) and electrowetting on dielectric (EWOD) are based on the electrokinetic mechanisms which have great potential in microfluidic manipulation. DEP dominate the movement of particles induced by polarization effects in nonuniform electric field ,while EWOD has become one of the most widely used tools for manipulating tiny amounts of liquids on solid surfaces. Liquid lens driven by EWOD have been well studied and developed. But liquid lens driven by DEP has not been studied adequately. This paper focuses on modeling liquid lens driven by DEP force. A simulation of DEP driven droplet dynamics was performed by coupling of the electrostatic field and the two-phase flow field. Two incompressible and dielectric liquids with different permittivity were chosen in the two-phase flow field. The DEP force density, in direct proportion to gradient of the square of the electric field intensity, was used as a body force density in Navier-Stokes equation. When voltage applied, the liquid with high permittivity flowed to the place where the gradient of the square of the electric field intensity was higher, and thus change the curvature of interface between two immiscible liquid. The differences between DEP and EWOD liquid lens were also presented.

Peptide Assembly-Driven Metal-Organic Framework (MOF) Motors for Micro Electric Generator

PubMed Central

Ikezoe, Yasuhiro; Fang, Justin; Wasik, Tomasz L.; Uemura, Takashi; Zheng, Yongtai; Kitagawa, Susumu

2014-01-01

Peptide-MOF motors, whose motions are driven by anisotropic surface gradients created via peptide self-assembly around nanopores of MOFs, can rotate microscopic rotors and magnet fast enough to generate electric power of 0.1 µW. To make the peptide-MOF generator recyclable, a new MOF is applied as a host motor engine, which has a more rigid framework with higher H2O affinity so that peptide release occurs more efficiently via guest exchange without the destruction of MOF. PMID:25418936

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ahnood, Arman, E-mail: arman.ahnood@unimelb.edu.au; Ganesan, Kumaravelu; Stacey, Alastair

Beyond conventional electrically-driven neuronal stimulation methods, there is a growing interest in optically-driven approaches. In recent years, nitrogen-doped ultrananocrystalline diamond (N-UNCD) has emerged as a strong material candidate for use in electrically-driven stimulation electrodes. This work investigates the electrochemical activity of N-UNCD in response to pulsed illumination, to assess its potential for use as an optically-driven stimulation electrode. Whilst N-UNCD in the as-grown state exhibits a weak photoresponse, the oxygen plasma treated film exhibits two orders of magnitude enhancement in its sub-bandgap open circuit photovoltage response. The enhancement is attributed to the formation of a dense network of oxygen-terminated diamondmore » nanocrystals at the N-UNCD surface. Electrically connected to the N-UNCD bulk via sub-surface graphitic grain boundaries, these diamond nanocrystals introduce a semiconducting barrier between the sub-surface graphitic semimetal and the electrolyte solution, leading to a photovoltage under irradiation with wavelengths of λ = 450 nm and shorter. Within the safe optical exposure limit of 2 mW mm{sup −2}, charge injection capacity of 0.01 mC cm{sup −2} is achieved using a 15 × 15 μm electrode, meeting the requirements for extracellular and intercellular stimulation. The nanoscale nature of processes presented here along with the diamond's biocompatibility and biostability open an avenue for the use of oxygen treated N-UNCD as optically driven stimulating electrodes.« less

Transient photoresponse of nitrogen-doped ultrananocrystalline diamond electrodes in saline solution

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ahnood, Arman; Simonov, Alexandr N.; Laird, Jamie S.; Maturana, Matias I.; Ganesan, Kumaravelu; Stacey, Alastair; Ibbotson, Michael R.; Spiccia, Leone; Prawer, Steven

2016-03-01

Beyond conventional electrically-driven neuronal stimulation methods, there is a growing interest in optically-driven approaches. In recent years, nitrogen-doped ultrananocrystalline diamond (N-UNCD) has emerged as a strong material candidate for use in electrically-driven stimulation electrodes. This work investigates the electrochemical activity of N-UNCD in response to pulsed illumination, to assess its potential for use as an optically-driven stimulation electrode. Whilst N-UNCD in the as-grown state exhibits a weak photoresponse, the oxygen plasma treated film exhibits two orders of magnitude enhancement in its sub-bandgap open circuit photovoltage response. The enhancement is attributed to the formation of a dense network of oxygen-terminated diamond nanocrystals at the N-UNCD surface. Electrically connected to the N-UNCD bulk via sub-surface graphitic grain boundaries, these diamond nanocrystals introduce a semiconducting barrier between the sub-surface graphitic semimetal and the electrolyte solution, leading to a photovoltage under irradiation with wavelengths of λ = 450 nm and shorter. Within the safe optical exposure limit of 2 mW mm-2, charge injection capacity of 0.01 mC cm-2 is achieved using a 15 × 15 μm electrode, meeting the requirements for extracellular and intercellular stimulation. The nanoscale nature of processes presented here along with the diamond's biocompatibility and biostability open an avenue for the use of oxygen treated N-UNCD as optically driven stimulating electrodes.

Optically Driven Q-Switches For Lasers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hemmati, Hamid

1994-01-01

Optically driven Q-switches for pulsed lasers proposed, taking place of acousto-optical, magneto-optical, and electro-optical switches. Optical switching beams of proposed Q-switching most likely generated in pulsed diode lasers or light-emitting diodes, outputs of which are amplitude-modulated easily by direct modulation of relatively small input currents. Energy efficiencies exceed those of electrically driven Q-switches.

30 CFR 75.501-2 - Permissible electric face equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... boxes used for making multiple power connections inby the last open crosscut shall be permissible; and...-driven mine equipment, except low horsepower rock dusting equipment, that employs an electric current...

30 CFR 75.501-2 - Permissible electric face equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... boxes used for making multiple power connections inby the last open crosscut shall be permissible; and...-driven mine equipment, except low horsepower rock dusting equipment, that employs an electric current...

30 CFR 18.8 - Date for conducting investigation and tests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

..., EVALUATION, AND APPROVAL OF MINING PRODUCTS ELECTRIC MOTOR-DRIVEN MINE EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES General... determine the order of precedence for investigation and testing. If an electrical machine component or...

Scaling up nanoscale water-driven energy conversion into evaporation-driven engines and generators

PubMed Central

Chen, Xi; Goodnight, Davis; Gao, Zhenghan; Cavusoglu, Ahmet H.; Sabharwal, Nina; DeLay, Michael; Driks, Adam; Sahin, Ozgur

2015-01-01

Evaporation is a ubiquitous phenomenon in the natural environment and a dominant form of energy transfer in the Earth's climate. Engineered systems rarely, if ever, use evaporation as a source of energy, despite myriad examples of such adaptations in the biological world. Here, we report evaporation-driven engines that can power common tasks like locomotion and electricity generation. These engines start and run autonomously when placed at air–water interfaces. They generate rotary and piston-like linear motion using specially designed, biologically based artificial muscles responsive to moisture fluctuations. Using these engines, we demonstrate an electricity generator that rests on water while harvesting its evaporation to power a light source, and a miniature car (weighing 0.1 kg) that moves forward as the water in the car evaporates. Evaporation-driven engines may find applications in powering robotic systems, sensors, devices and machinery that function in the natural environment. PMID:26079632

Large-scale disruptions in a current-carrying magnetofluid

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dahlburg, J. P.; Montgomery, D.; Doolen, G. D.; Matthaeus, W. H.

1986-01-01

Internal disruptions in a strongly magnetized electrically conducting fluid contained within a rigid conducting cylinder of square cross section are investigated theoretically, both with and without an externally applied axial electric field, by means of computer simulations using the pseudospectral three-dimensional Strauss-equations code of Dahlburg et al. (1985). Results from undriven inviscid, driven inviscid, and driven viscid simulations are presented graphically, and the significant effects of low-order truncations on the modeling accuracy are considered. A helical current filament about the cylinder axis is observed. The ratio of turbulent kinetic energy to total poloidal magnetic energy is found to undergo cyclic bounces in the undriven inviscid case, to exhibit one large bounce followed by decay to a quasi-steady state with poloidal fluid velocity flow in the driven inviscid case, and to show one large bounce followed by further sawtoothlike bounces in the driven viscid case.

Scaling up nanoscale water-driven energy conversion into evaporation-driven engines and generators

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Xi; Goodnight, Davis; Gao, Zhenghan; Cavusoglu, Ahmet H.; Sabharwal, Nina; Delay, Michael; Driks, Adam; Sahin, Ozgur

2015-06-01

Evaporation is a ubiquitous phenomenon in the natural environment and a dominant form of energy transfer in the Earth's climate. Engineered systems rarely, if ever, use evaporation as a source of energy, despite myriad examples of such adaptations in the biological world. Here, we report evaporation-driven engines that can power common tasks like locomotion and electricity generation. These engines start and run autonomously when placed at air-water interfaces. They generate rotary and piston-like linear motion using specially designed, biologically based artificial muscles responsive to moisture fluctuations. Using these engines, we demonstrate an electricity generator that rests on water while harvesting its evaporation to power a light source, and a miniature car (weighing 0.1 kg) that moves forward as the water in the car evaporates. Evaporation-driven engines may find applications in powering robotic systems, sensors, devices and machinery that function in the natural environment.

Development and evaluation of a long-term, implantable, electrically actuated left ventricular assist system: THI/Gould LVAS.

PubMed

Norman, J C; McGee, M G; Fuqua, J M; Igo, S R; Turner, S A; Sterling, R; Urrutia, C O; Frazier, O H; Clay, W C; Chambers, J A

1983-02-01

A long-term, implantable, electrically actuated left ventricular assist system (THI/Gould LVAS) is being developed and characterized in vitro and in vivo for utilization in patients with end-stage heart disease. This system consists of five major components: a long-term, implantable blood pump (THI E-type ALVAD); an electrical-mechanical energy converter (Gould Model V); a control unit with batteries; a volume compensation system; and an external power supply and monitoring unit. Two of these components (blood pump and electrical-mechanical energy converter) have been integrated, and are undergoing chronic in vivo evaluations in calves. Thus far, 44 pneumatically and electrically actuated THI/Gould LVAS evaluations have been performed. This experience has resulted in greater than 6.5 years of actuation in vivo, with durations exceeding 1 year. System in vivo performance in terms of durability, mechanical reliability, hemodynamic effectiveness, and biocompatibility has been satisfactory. Demonstration of long-term (2-year) effectiveness in supporting the circulation is the ultimate goal.

Electric-hybrid-vehicle simulation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pasma, D. C.

The simulation of electric hybrid vehicles is to be performed using experimental data to model propulsion system components. The performance of an existing ac propulsion system will be used as the baseline for comparative purposes. Hybrid components to be evaluated include electrically and mechanically driven flywheels, and an elastomeric regenerative braking system.

Role of N-type calcium channels in autonomic neurotransmission in guineapig isolated left atria

PubMed Central

Serone, Adrian P; Angus, James A

1999-01-01

Calcium entry via neuronal calcium channels is essential for the process of neurotransmission. We investigated the calcium channel subtypes involved in the operation of cardiac autonomic neurotransmission by examining the effects of selective calcium channel blockers on the inotropic responses to electrical field stimulation (EFS) of driven (4 Hz) guineapig isolated left atria. In this tissue, a previous report (Hong & Chang, 1995) found no evidence for N-type channels involved in the vagal negative inotropic response and only weak involvement in sympathetic responses. The effects of cumulative concentrations of the selective N-type calcium channel blocker, ω-conotoxin GVIA (GVIA; 0.1–10 nM) and the nonselective N-, P/Q-type calcium channel blocker, ω-conotoxin MVIIC (MVIIC; 0.01–10 nM) were examined on the positive (with atropine, 1 μM present) and negative (with propranolol, 1 μM and clonidine, 1 μM present) inotropic responses to EFS (eight trains, each train four pulses per punctate stimulus). GVIA caused complete inhibition of both cardiac vagal and sympathetic inotropic responses to EFS. GVIA was equipotent at inhibiting positive (pIC50 9.29±0.08) and negative (pIC50 9.13±0.17) inotropic responses. MVIIC also mediated complete inhibition of inotropic responses to EFS and was 160 and 85 fold less potent than GVIA at inhibiting positive (pIC50 7.08±0.10) and negative (pIC50 7.20±0.14) inotropic responses, respectively. MVIIC was also equipotent at inhibiting both sympathetic and vagal responses. Our data demonstrates that N-type calcium channels account for all the calcium current required for cardiac autonomic neurotransmission in the guinea-pig isolated left atrium. PMID:10433500

Electrically driven monolithic subwavelength plasmonic interconnect circuits

PubMed Central

Liu, Yang; Zhang, Jiasen; Liu, Huaping; Wang, Sheng; Peng, Lian-Mao

2017-01-01

In the post-Moore era, an electrically driven monolithic optoelectronic integrated circuit (OEIC) fabricated from a single material is pursued globally to enable the construction of wafer-scale compact computing systems with powerful processing capabilities and low-power consumption. We report a monolithic plasmonic interconnect circuit (PIC) consisting of a photovoltaic (PV) cascading detector, Au-strip waveguides, and electrically driven surface plasmon polariton (SPP) sources. These components are fabricated from carbon nanotubes (CNTs) via a CMOS (complementary metal-oxide semiconductor)–compatible doping-free technique in the same feature size, which can be reduced to deep-subwavelength scale (~λ/7 to λ/95, λ = 1340 nm) compared with the 14-nm technique node. An OEIC could potentially be configured as a repeater for data transport because of its “photovoltaic” operation mode to transform SPP energy directly into electricity to drive subsequent electronic circuits. Moreover, chip-scale throughput capability has also been demonstrated by fabricating a 20 × 20 PIC array on a 10 mm × 10 mm wafer. Tailoring photonics for monolithic integration with electronics beyond the diffraction limit opens a new era of chip-level nanoscale electronic-photonic systems, introducing a new path to innovate toward much faster, smaller, and cheaper computing frameworks. PMID:29062890

Consequences of Fire: The Killing Fumes

MedlinePlus

... Electric Vehicles Fire Fighter Safety and Response for Solar Power Systems Fire Fighting Tactics Under Wind Driven ... Protection Devices Development of Fire Mitigations Solutions for PV Systems Installed on Building Roofs - Phase 1 Electric/ ...

30 CFR 18.10 - Notice of approval or disapproval.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

..., EVALUATION, AND APPROVAL OF MINING PRODUCTS ELECTRIC MOTOR-DRIVEN MINE EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES General... assembly of an electrical machine or accessory, MSHA will issue to the applicant either a written notice of...

30 CFR 18.23 - Limitation of external surface temperatures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

..., EVALUATION, AND APPROVAL OF MINING PRODUCTS ELECTRIC MOTOR-DRIVEN MINE EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES Construction... external surfaces of mechanical or electrical components shall not exceed 150 °C. (302 °F.) under normal...

5. VIEW OF POWER SUPPLY EQUIPMENT SHOWING ELECTRIC MOTER AND ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

5. VIEW OF POWER SUPPLY EQUIPMENT SHOWING ELECTRIC MOTER AND DRIVE & FLYWHEELS WITH BELT TRANSMISSION. ORIGINALLY STEAM DRIVEN - Anchor (Stangl) Pottery Company, 940 New York Avenue, Trenton, Mercer County, NJ

Dielectric Barrier Discharges: Pulsed Breakdown, Electrical Characterization and Chemistry

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-06-01

DIELECTRIC BARRIER DISCHARGES : PULSED BREAKDOWN, ELECTRICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND CHEMISTRY  R. Brandenburg, H. Höft, T. Hoder, A. Pipa, R...for pulsed driven Dielectric Barrier Discharges (DBDs) in particular. Fast electrical, optical and spectroscopic methods enable the study of...2. REPORT TYPE N/A 3. DATES COVERED - 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Dielectric Barrier Discharges : Pulsed Breakdown, Electrical Characterization

Ambipolar light-emitting organic single-crystal transistors with a grating resonator

PubMed Central

Maruyama, Kenichi; Sawabe, Kosuke; Sakanoue, Tomo; Li, Jinpeng; Takahashi, Wataru; Hotta, Shu; Iwasa, Yoshihiro; Takenobu, Taishi

2015-01-01

Electrically driven organic lasers are among the best lasing devices due to their rich variety of emission colors as well as other advantages, including printability, flexibility, and stretchability. However, electrically driven lasing in organic materials has not yet been demonstrated because of serious luminescent efficiency roll-off under high current density. Recently, we found that the organic ambipolar single-crystal transistor is an excellent candidate for lasing devices because it exhibits less efficient roll-off, high current density, and high luminescent efficiency. Although a single-mode resonator combined with light-emitting transistors (LETs) is necessary for electrically driven lasing devices, the fragility of organic crystals has strictly limited the fabrication of resonators, and LETs with optical cavities have never been fabricated until now. To achieve this goal, we improved the soft ultraviolet-nanoimprint lithography method and demonstrated electroluminescence from a single-crystal LET with a grating resonator, which is a crucial milestone for future organic lasers. PMID:25959455

Coupled multiferroic domain switching in the canted conical spin spiral system Mn2GeO4

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Honda, T.; White, J. S.; Harris, A. B.; Chapon, L. C.; Fennell, A.; Roessli, B.; Zaharko, O.; Murakami, Y.; Kenzelmann, M.; Kimura, T.

2017-06-01

Despite remarkable progress in developing multifunctional materials, spin-driven ferroelectrics featuring both spontaneous magnetization and electric polarization are still rare. Among such ferromagnetic ferroelectrics are conical spin spiral magnets with a simultaneous reversal of magnetization and electric polarization that is still little understood. Such materials can feature various multiferroic domains that complicates their study. Here we study the multiferroic domains in ferromagnetic ferroelectric Mn2GeO4 using neutron diffraction, and show that it features a double-Q conical magnetic structure that, apart from trivial 180o commensurate magnetic domains, can be described by ferromagnetic and ferroelectric domains only. We show unconventional magnetoelectric couplings such as the magnetic-field-driven reversal of ferroelectric polarization with no change of spin-helicity, and present a phenomenological theory that successfully explains the magnetoelectric coupling. Our measurements establish Mn2GeO4 as a conceptually simple multiferroic in which the magnetic-field-driven flop of conical spin spirals leads to the simultaneous reversal of magnetization and electric polarization.

Voltage-Driven Magnetization Switching and Spin Pumping in Weyl Semimetals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kurebayashi, Daichi; Nomura, Kentaro

2016-10-01

We demonstrate electrical magnetization switching and spin pumping in magnetically doped Weyl semimetals. The Weyl semimetal is a three-dimensional gapless topological material, known to have nontrivial coupling between the charge and the magnetization due to the chiral anomaly. By solving the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation for a multilayer structure of a Weyl semimetal, an insulator and a metal while taking the charge-magnetization coupling into account, magnetization dynamics is analyzed. It is shown that the magnetization dynamics can be driven by the electric voltage. Consequently, switching of the magnetization with a pulsed electric voltage can be achieved, as well as precession motion with an applied oscillating electric voltage. The effect requires only a short voltage pulse and may therefore be energetically favorable for us in spintronics devices compared to conventional spin-transfer torque switching.

Advances in Optimizing Weather Driven Electric Power Systems.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Clack, C.; MacDonald, A. E.; Alexander, A.; Dunbar, A. D.; Xie, Y.; Wilczak, J. M.

2014-12-01

The importance of weather-driven renewable energies for the United States (and global) energy portfolio is growing. The main perceived problems with weather-driven renewable energies are their intermittent nature, low power density, and high costs. The National Energy with Weather System Simulator (NEWS) is a mathematical optimization tool that allows the construction of weather-driven energy sources that will work in harmony with the needs of the system. For example, it will match the electric load, reduce variability, decrease costs, and abate carbon emissions. One important test run included existing US carbon-free power sources, natural gas power when needed, and a High Voltage Direct Current power transmission network. This study shows that the costs and carbon emissions from an optimally designed national system decrease with geographic size. It shows that with achievable estimates of wind and solar generation costs, that the US could decrease its carbon emissions by up to 80% by the early 2030s, without an increase in electric costs. The key requirement would be a 48 state network of HVDC transmission, creating a national market for electricity not possible in the current AC grid. These results were found without the need for storage. Further, we tested the effect of changing natural gas fuel prices on the optimal configuration of the national electric power system. Another test that was carried out was an extension to global regions. The extension study shows that the same properties found in the US study extend to the most populous regions of the planet. The extra test is a simplified version of the US study, and is where much more research can be carried out. We compare our results to other model results.

Electric Sail (E-Sail) Tether Team

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-08-03

Electric Sail (E-Sail) Tether Team with 6U CubeSat Prototypes and Current Version of Tether Deployer Test Article, (Right to left: Tom Bryan, Davis Hunter (student intern), Jonathan MacArthur (student intern), Charles Cowen, Mike Tinker)

Novel Straight and Circular Road Driving Control of Electric Power Assisted Wheelchair Based on Fuzzy Algorithm

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Seki, Hirokazu; Tadakuma, Susumu

This paper describes a novel straight and circular road driving control scheme for electric power assisted wheelchairs. “Electric power assisted wheelchair” which assists the driving force by electric motors is expected to be widely used as a mobility support system for elderly people and disabled people, however, the performance of the straight and circular road driving must be further improved because the two wheels drive independently. This paper proposes a novel driving control scheme based on fuzzy algorithm to realize the stable and reliable driving on straight and circular roads. The suitable assisted torque of the right and left wheels is determined by fuzzy algorithm based on the posture angular velocity of the wheelchair and the human input torque proportion of the right and left wheels. Some experiments on the practical roads show the effectiveness of the proposed control system.

Operationality Improvement Control of Electric Power Assisted Wheelchair by Fuzzy Algorithm Considering Posture Angle

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Murakami, Hiroki; Seki, Hirokazu; Minakata, Hideaki; Tadakuma, Susumu

This paper describes a novel operationality improvement control for electric power assisted wheelchairs. “Electric power assisted wheelchair” which assists the driving force by electric motors is expected to be widely used as a mobility support system for elderly people and disabled people, however, the performance of the straight and circular road driving must be further improved because the two wheels drive independently. This paper proposes a novel operationality improvement control by fuzzy algorithm to realize the stable driving on straight and circular roads. The suitable assisted torque of the right and left wheels is determined by fuzzy algorithm based on the posture angular velocity, the posture angle of the wheelchair, the human input torque proportion and the total human torque of the right and left wheels. Some experiments on the practical roads show the effectiveness of the proposed control system.

Electric-field-driven electron-transfer in mixed-valence molecules

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Blair, Enrique P., E-mail: enrique-blair@baylor.edu; Corcelli, Steven A., E-mail: scorcell@nd.edu; Lent, Craig S., E-mail: lent@nd.edu

2016-07-07

Molecular quantum-dot cellular automata is a computing paradigm in which digital information is encoded by the charge configuration of a mixed-valence molecule. General-purpose computing can be achieved by arranging these compounds on a substrate and exploiting intermolecular Coulombic coupling. The operation of such a device relies on nonequilibrium electron transfer (ET), whereby the time-varying electric field of one molecule induces an ET event in a neighboring molecule. The magnitude of the electric fields can be quite large because of close spatial proximity, and the induced ET rate is a measure of the nonequilibrium response of the molecule. We calculate themore » electric-field-driven ET rate for a model mixed-valence compound. The mixed-valence molecule is regarded as a two-state electronic system coupled to a molecular vibrational mode, which is, in turn, coupled to a thermal environment. Both the electronic and vibrational degrees-of-freedom are treated quantum mechanically, and the dissipative vibrational-bath interaction is modeled with the Lindblad equation. This approach captures both tunneling and nonadiabatic dynamics. Relationships between microscopic molecular properties and the driven ET rate are explored for two time-dependent applied fields: an abruptly switched field and a linearly ramped field. In both cases, the driven ET rate is only weakly temperature dependent. When the model is applied using parameters appropriate to a specific mixed-valence molecule, diferrocenylacetylene, terahertz-range ET transfer rates are predicted.« less

17. From left to right: Marine Railway Headhouse and Offices, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

17. From left to right: Marine Railway Headhouse and Offices, Boiler Room, first skylight, chimney for Boiler, Blacksmith Shop, second skylight, and Pipe, Paint, and Electrical Shops. - Thames Tow Boat Company, Foot of Farnsworth Street, New London, New London County, CT

First Observations of Laser-Driven Acceleration of Relativistic Electrons in a Semi-Infinite Vacuum Space

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Plettner, T.; Byer, R.L.; Smith, T.I.

2006-02-17

We have observed acceleration of relativistic electrons in vacuum driven by a linearly polarized visible laser beam incident on a thin gold-coated reflective boundary. The observed energy modulation effect follows all the characteristics expected for linear acceleration caused by a longitudinal electric field. As predicted by the Lawson-Woodward theorem the laser driven modulation only appears in the presence of the boundary. It shows a linear dependence with the strength of the electric field of the laser beam and also it is critically dependent on the laser polarization. Finally, it appears to follow the expected angular dependence of the inverse transitionmore » radiation process. experiment as the Laser Electron Accelerator Project (LEAP).« less

Strategic charging infrastructure deployment for electric vehicles.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-05-01

Electric vehicles (EV) are promoted as a foreseeable future vehicle technology to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and greenhouse : gas emissions associated with conventional vehicles. This paper proposes a data-driven approach to improving the elec...

47. BASE OF UMBILICAL MAST, WITH ELECTRICAL POWER CABLES ON ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

47. BASE OF UMBILICAL MAST, WITH ELECTRICAL POWER CABLES ON LEFT; AIR-CONDITIONER DUCTS ON RIGHT - Vandenberg Air Force Base, Space Launch Complex 3, Launch Pad 3 East, Napa & Alden Roads, Lompoc, Santa Barbara County, CA

Study of the Influence of Age in 18F-FDG PET Images Using a Data-Driven Approach and Its Evaluation in Alzheimer's Disease.

PubMed

Jiang, Jiehui; Sun, Yiwu; Zhou, Hucheng; Li, Shaoping; Huang, Zhemin; Wu, Ping; Shi, Kuangyu; Zuo, Chuantao; Neuroimaging Initiative, Alzheimer's Disease

2018-01-01

18 F-FDG PET scan is one of the most frequently used neural imaging scans. However, the influence of age has proven to be the greatest interfering factor for many clinical dementia diagnoses when analyzing 18 F-FDG PET images, since radiologists encounter difficulties when deciding whether the abnormalities in specific regions correlate with normal aging, disease, or both. In the present paper, the authors aimed to define specific brain regions and determine an age-correction mathematical model. A data-driven approach was used based on 255 healthy subjects. The inferior frontal gyrus, the left medial part and the left medial orbital part of superior frontal gyrus, the right insula, the left anterior cingulate, the left median cingulate, and paracingulate gyri, and bilateral superior temporal gyri were found to have a strong negative correlation with age. For evaluation, an age-correction model was applied to 262 healthy subjects and 50 AD subjects selected from the ADNI database, and partial correlations between SUVR mean and three clinical results were carried out before and after age correction. All correlation coefficients were significantly improved after the age correction. The proposed model was effective in the age correction of both healthy and AD subjects.

Rate-dependent electrical, contractile and restitution properties of isolated left ventricular myocytes in guinea-pig hypertrophy.

PubMed

Davey, P; Bryant, S; Hart, G

2001-01-01

Left ventricular hypertrophy predisposes to sudden cardiac death (SCD) and studies of human SCD suggest that the antecedent heart rate (HR) is usually < 100 beats min(-1). This is surprising in view of the known association between adrenergic receptor stimulation and SCD which by itself would suggest that it is more likely to occur from high rather than low HR. We therefore hypothesized that there may be electrical or mechanical abnormalities present in myocytes isolated from animals with left ventricular hypertrophy that predispose to SCD at low stimulation frequencies but which may not be present at high HR. Mild left ventricular hypertrophy was induced in guinea-pigs by infra-renal aortic banding. Electrical and mechanical properties of isolated myocytes were studied at different stimulation frequencies between 0.1 and 3 Hz. Action potential duration (APD) is prolonged in hypertrophy at stimulation frequencies < 1 Hz but not at faster rates. Contraction size, time-to-peak contraction (TTPC) and half-relaxation time are greatly enhanced in hypertrophy at all frequencies between 0.1 and 3 Hz. Electrical (50.3 +/- 5.2 ms in hypertrophy and 78.4 +/- 12.1 ms in control, P < 0.03) and mechanical (205 +/- 16 ms for hypertrophy and 266 +/- 24 ms for control cells, P < 0.03) restitution time constants are quicker in hypertrophy. The finding of APD prolongation at low but not at high frequencies is consistent with the finding that SCD arises from low and not high HR. This data supports the role of abnormal repolarization in SCD.

Cerebral somatic pain modulation during autogenic training in fMRI.

PubMed

Naglatzki, R P; Schlamann, M; Gasser, T; Ladd, M E; Sure, U; Forsting, M; Gizewski, E R

2012-10-01

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies are increasingly employed in different conscious states. Autogenic training (AT) is a common clinically used relaxation method. The purpose of this study was to investigate the cerebral modulation of pain activity patterns due to AT and to correlate the effects to the degree of experience with AT and strength of stimuli. Thirteen volunteers familiar with AT were studied with fMRI during painful electrical stimulation in a block design alternating between resting state and electrical stimulation, both without AT and while employing the same paradigm when utilizing their AT abilities. The subjective rating of painful stimulation and success in modulation during AT was assessed. During painful electrical stimulation without AT, fMRI revealed activation of midcingulate, right secondary sensory, right supplementary motor, and insular cortices, the right thalamus and left caudate nucleus. In contrast, utilizing AT only activation of left insular and supplementary motor cortices was revealed. The paired t-test revealed pain-related activation in the midcingulate, posterior cingulate and left anterior insular cortices for the condition without AT, and activation in the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex under AT. Activation of the posterior cingulate cortex and thalamus correlated with the amplitude of electrical stimulation. This study revealed an effect on cerebral pain processing while performing AT. This might represent the cerebral correlate of different painful stimulus processing by subjects who are trained in performing relaxation techniques. However, due to the absence of a control group, further studies are needed to confirm this theory. © 2012 European Federation of International Association for the Study of Pain Chapters.

Electrical stimulation reduces smokers' craving by modulating the coupling between dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex and parahippocampal gyrus.

PubMed

Yang, Li-Zhuang; Shi, Bin; Li, Hai; Zhang, Wei; Liu, Ying; Wang, Hongzhi; Zhou, Yanfei; Wang, Ying; Lv, Wanwan; Ji, Xuebing; Hudak, Justin; Zhou, Yifeng; Fallgatter, Andreas J; Zhang, Xiaochu

2017-08-01

Applying electrical stimulation over the prefrontal cortex can help nicotine dependents reduce cigarette craving. However, the underlying mechanism remains ambiguous. This study investigates this issue with functional magnetic resonance imaging. Thirty-two male chronic smokers received real and sham stimulation over dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) separated by 1 week. The neuroimaging data of the resting state, the smoking cue-reactivity task and the emotion task after stimulation were collected. The craving across the cue-reactivity task was diminished during real stimulation as compared with sham stimulation. The whole-brain analysis on the cue-reactivity task revealed a significant interaction between the stimulation condition (real vs sham) and the cue type (smoking vs neutral) in the left superior frontal gyrus and the left middle frontal gyrus. The functional connectivity between the left DLPFC and the right parahippocampal gyrus, as revealed by both psychophysical interaction analysis and the resting state functional connectivity, is altered by electrical stimulation. Moreover, the craving change across the real and sham condition is predicted by alteration of functional connectivity revealed by psychophysical interaction analysis. The local and long-distance coupling, altered by the electrical stimulation, might be the underlying neural mechanism of craving regulation. © The Author (2017). Published by Oxford University Press.

The role of protozoa-driven selection in shaping human genetic variability.

PubMed

Pozzoli, Uberto; Fumagalli, Matteo; Cagliani, Rachele; Comi, Giacomo P; Bresolin, Nereo; Clerici, Mario; Sironi, Manuela

2010-03-01

Protozoa exert a strong selective pressure in humans. The selection signatures left by these pathogens can be exploited to identify genetic modulators of infection susceptibility. We show that protozoa diversity in different geographic locations is a good measure of protozoa-driven selective pressure; protozoa diversity captured selection signatures at known malaria resistance loci and identified several selected single nucleotide polymorphisms in immune and hemolytic anemia genes. A genome-wide search enabled us to identify 5180 variants mapping to 1145 genes that are subjected to protozoa-driven selective pressure. We provide a genome-wide estimate of protozoa-driven selective pressure and identify candidate susceptibility genes for protozoa-borne diseases. Copyright 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

30 CFR 18.65 - Flame test of hose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... MINING PRODUCTS ELECTRIC MOTOR-DRIVEN MINE EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES Inspections and Tests § 18.65 Flame... variable-speed electric fan and an ASME flow nozzle (16-81/2 inches reduction) to attain constant air velocities at any speed between 50-500 feet a minute. (4) An electric timer or stopwatch to measure the...

30 CFR 18.99 - Notice of approval or disapproval; letters of approval and approval plates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... approval or disapproval of the machine. (a) If the qualified electrical representative recommends field..., DEPARTMENT OF LABOR TESTING, EVALUATION, AND APPROVAL OF MINING PRODUCTS ELECTRIC MOTOR-DRIVEN MINE EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES Field Approval of Electrically Operated Mining Equipment § 18.99 Notice of approval or...

30 CFR 18.99 - Notice of approval or disapproval; letters of approval and approval plates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... approval or disapproval of the machine. (a) If the qualified electrical representative recommends field..., DEPARTMENT OF LABOR TESTING, EVALUATION, AND APPROVAL OF MINING PRODUCTS ELECTRIC MOTOR-DRIVEN MINE EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES Field Approval of Electrically Operated Mining Equipment § 18.99 Notice of approval or...

Method for assessing motor insulation on operating motors

DOEpatents

Kueck, John D.; Otaduy, Pedro J.

1997-01-01

A method for monitoring the condition of electrical-motor-driven devices. The method is achieved by monitoring electrical variables associated with the functioning of an operating motor, applying these electrical variables to a three phase equivalent circuit and determining non-symmetrical faults in the operating motor based upon symmetrical components analysis techniques.

The Electrification of Energy: Long-Term Trends and Opportunities

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tsao, Jeffrey Y.; Fouquet, Roger; Schubert, E. Fred

Here, we present and analyze three powerful long-term historical trends in energy, particularly electrical energy, as well as the opportunities and challenges associated with these trends. The first trend is from a world containing a diversity of energy currencies to one whose predominant currency is electricity, driven by electricity’s transportability, exchangeability, and steadily decreasing cost. The second trend is from electricity generated from a diversity of sources to electricity generated predominantly by free-fuel sources, driven by their steadily decreasing cost and long-term abundance. These trends necessitate a just-emerging third trend: from a grid in which electricity is transported uni-directionally, tradedmore » at near-static prices, and consumed under direct human control; to a grid in which electricity is transported bi-directionally, traded at dynamic prices, and consumed under human-tailored agential control. Early acceptance and appreciation of these trends will accelerate their remaking of humanity’s energy landscape into one in which energy is much more affordable, abundant and efficiently deployed than it is today; with major economic, geo-political, and environmental benefits to human society.« less

Analytical design of a parasitic-loading digital speed controller for a 400-hertz turbine driven alternator

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ingle, B. D.; Ryan, J. P.

1972-01-01

A design for a solid-state parasitic speed controller using digital logic was analyzed. Parasitic speed controllers are used in space power electrical generating systems to control the speed of turbine-driven alternators within specified limits. The analysis included the performance characteristics of the speed controller and the generation of timing functions. The speed controller using digital logic applies step loads to the alternator. The step loads conduct for a full half wave starting at either zero or 180 electrical degrees.

Optical gain in 1.3-μm electrically driven dilute nitride VCSOAs

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

We report the observation of room-temperature optical gain at 1.3 μm in electrically driven dilute nitride vertical cavity semiconductor optical amplifiers. The gain is calculated with respect to injected power for samples with and without a confinement aperture. At lower injected powers, a gain of almost 10 dB is observed in both samples. At injection powers over 5 nW, the gain is observed to decrease. For nearly all investigated power levels, the sample with confinement aperture gives slightly higher gain. PMID:24417791

A pelvic motion driven electrical stimulator for drop-foot treatment.

PubMed

Chen, Shih-Wei; Chen, Shih-Ching; Chen, Chiun-Fan; Lai, Jin-Shin; Kuo, Te-Son

2009-01-01

Foot switches operating with force sensitive resistors placed in the shoe sole were considered as an effective way for driving FES assisted walking systems in gait restoration. However, the reliability and durability of the foot switches run down after a certain number of steps. As an alternative for foot switches, a simple, portable, and easy to handle motion driven electrical stimulator (ES) is provided for drop foot treatment. The device is equipped with a single tri-axis accelerometer worn on the pelvis, a commercial dual channel electrical stimulator, and a controller unit. By monitoring the pelvic rotation and acceleration during a walking cycle, the events including heel strike and toe off of each step is thereby predicted by a post-processing neural network model.

16. EXCITERS, AND SYNCHROSCOPE GAUGE ON WALL. ACTIVE ELECTRIC EXCITER ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

16. EXCITERS, AND SYNCHROSCOPE GAUGE ON WALL. ACTIVE ELECTRIC EXCITER AT REAR; UNUSED WATER-DRIVEN EXCITER IN FOREGROUND. VIEW TO SOUTH-SOUTHWEST. - Santa Ana River Hydroelectric System, SAR-2 Powerhouse, Redlands, San Bernardino County, CA

Harvesting electrical energy from torsional thermal actuation driven by natural convection.

PubMed

Kim, Shi Hyeong; Sim, Hyeon Jun; Hyeon, Jae Sang; Suh, Dongseok; Spinks, Geoffrey M; Baughman, Ray H; Kim, Seon Jeong

2018-06-07

The development of practical, cost-effective systems for the conversion of low-grade waste heat to electrical energy is an important area of renewable energy research. We here demonstrate a thermal energy harvester that is driven by the small temperature fluctuations provided by natural convection. This harvester uses coiled yarn artificial muscles, comprising well-aligned shape memory polyurethane (SMPU) microfibers, to convert thermal energy to torsional mechanical energy, which is then electromagnetically converted to electrical energy. Temperature fluctuations in a yarn muscle, having a maximum hot-to-cold temperature difference of about 13 °C, were used to spin a magnetic rotor to a peak torsional rotation speed of 3,000 rpm. The electromagnetic energy generator converted the torsional energy to electrical energy, thereby producing an oscillating output voltage of up to 0.81 V and peak power of 4 W/kg, based on SMPU mass.

Electrical conduction of organic ultrathin films evaluated by an independently driven double-tip scanning tunneling microscope.

PubMed

Takami, K; Tsuruta, S; Miyake, Y; Akai-Kasaya, M; Saito, A; Aono, M; Kuwahara, Y

2011-11-02

The electrical transport properties of organic thin films within the micrometer scale have been evaluated by a laboratory-built independently driven double-tip scanning tunneling microscope, operating under ambient conditions. The two tips were used as point contact electrodes, and current in the range from 0.1 pA to 100 nA flowing between the two tips through the material can be detected. We demonstrated two-dimensional contour mapping of the electrical resistance on a poly(3-octylthiophene) thin films as shown below. The obtained contour map clearly provided an image of two-dimensional electrical conductance between two point electrodes on the poly(3-octylthiophene) thin film. The conductivity of the thin film was estimated to be (1-8) × 10(-6) S cm(-1). Future prospects and the desired development of multiprobe STMs are also discussed.

Resistance noise spectroscopy across the thermally and electrically driven metal-insulator transitions in VO2 nanobeams

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alsaqqa, Ali; Kilcoyne, Colin; Singh, Sujay; Horrocks, Gregory; Marley, Peter; Banerjee, Sarbajit; Sambandamurthy, G.

Vanadium dioxide (VO2) is a strongly correlated material that exhibits a sharp thermally driven metal-insulator transition at Tc ~ 340 K. The transition can also be triggered by a DC voltage in the insulating phase with a threshold (Vth) behavior. The mechanisms behind these transitions are hotly discussed and resistance noise spectroscopy is a suitable tool to delineate different transport mechanisms in correlated systems. We present results from a systematic study of the low frequency (1 mHz < f < 10 Hz) noise behavior in VO2 nanobeams across the thermally and electrically driven transitions. In the thermal transition, the power spectral density (PSD) of the resistance noise is unchanged as we approach Tc from 300 K and an abrupt drop in the magnitude is seen above Tc and it remains unchanged till 400 K. However, the noise behavior in the electrically driven case is distinctly different: as the voltage is ramped from zero, the PSD gradually increases by an order of magnitude before reaching Vth and an abrupt increase is seen at Vth. The noise magnitude decreases above Vth, approaching the V = 0 value. The individual roles of percolation, Joule heating and signatures of correlated behavior will be discussed. This work is supported by NSF DMR 0847324.

Understanding the spin-driven polarizations in Bi MO3 (M = 3 d transition metals) multiferroics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kc, Santosh; Lee, Jun Hee; Cooper, Valentino R.

Bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3) , a promising multiferroic, stabilizes in a perovskite type rhombohedral crystal structure (space group R3c) at room temperature. Recently, it has been reported that in its ground state it possess a huge spin-driven polarization. To probe the underlying mechanism of this large spin-phonon response, we examine these couplings within other Bi based 3 d transition metal oxides Bi MO3 (M = Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) using density functional theory. Our results demonstrate that this large spin-driven polarization is a consequence of symmetry breaking due to competition between ferroelectric distortions and anti-ferrodistortive octahedral rotations. Furthermore, we find a strong dependence of these enhanced spin-driven polarizations on the crystal structure; with the rhombohedral phase having the largest spin-induced atomic distortions along [111]. These results give us significant insights into the magneto-electric coupling in these materials which is essential to the magnetic and electric field control of electric polarization and magnetization in multiferroic based devices. Research is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Science and Engineering Division and the Office of Science Early Career Research Program (V.R.C) and used computational resources at NERSC.

Building 736, second floor, view to southwest showing original window ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Building 736, second floor, view to southwest showing original window on the left, and electrical controls and entry ladder on the right - Mare Island Naval Shipyard, Electrical Distribution Centers, Railroad Avenue near Eighteenth Street, Vallejo, Solano County, CA

WEAPONS STORAGE AREA, LOOKING TOWARD ELECTRIC POWER STATION BUILDING (BUILDING ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

WEAPONS STORAGE AREA, LOOKING TOWARD ELECTRIC POWER STATION BUILDING (BUILDING 3583), STORAGE BUILDING (BUILDING 3584)NIGHT AND SECURITY POLICE ENTRY CONTROL (BUILDING 3582)LEFT. VIEW TO NORTHEAST - Plattsburgh Air Force Base, U.S. Route 9, Plattsburgh, Clinton County, NY

Numerical simulation of plasma processes driven by transverse ion heating

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Singh, Nagendra; Chan, C. B.

1993-01-01

The plasma processes driven by transverse ion heating in a diverging flux tube are investigated with numerical simulation. The heating is found to drive a host of plasma processes, in addition to the well-known phenomenon of ion conics. The downward electric field near the reverse shock generates a doublestreaming situation consisting of two upflowing ion populations with different average flow velocities. The electric field in the reverse shock region is modulated by the ion-ion instability driven by the multistreaming ions. The oscillating fields in this region have the possibility of heating electrons. These results from the simulations are compared with results from a previous study based on a hydrodynamical model. Effects of spatial resolutions provided by simulations on the evolution of the plasma are discussed.

77 FR 31000 - Transcontinental Gas Pipe Line Company, LLC; Notice of Application

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-24

... amend the authorized operation of its new 15,000 horsepower (HP) electric motor- driven compressor... the 15,000 HP electric compressor unit at a maximum of 9,000 HP. Transco now seeks authorization to...

The Electron Runaround: Understanding Electric Circuit Basics through a Classroom Activity

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Singh, Vandana

2010-01-01

Several misconceptions abound among college students taking their first general physics course, and to some extent pre-engineering physics students, regarding the physics and applications of electric circuits. Analogies used in textbooks, such as those that liken an electric circuit to a piped closed loop of water driven by a water pump, do not…

Method for assessing motor insulation on operating motors

DOEpatents

Kueck, J.D.; Otaduy, P.J.

1997-03-18

A method for monitoring the condition of electrical-motor-driven devices is disclosed. The method is achieved by monitoring electrical variables associated with the functioning of an operating motor, applying these electrical variables to a three phase equivalent circuit and determining non-symmetrical faults in the operating motor based upon symmetrical components analysis techniques. 15 figs.

Design and modeling of magnetically driven electric-field sensor for non-contact DC voltage measurement in electric power systems.

PubMed

Wang, Decai; Li, Ping; Wen, Yumei

2016-10-01

In this paper, the design and modeling of a magnetically driven electric-field sensor for non-contact DC voltage measurement are presented. The magnetic drive structure of the sensor is composed of a small solenoid and a cantilever beam with a cylindrical magnet mounted on it. The interaction of the magnet and the solenoid provides the magnetic driving force for the sensor. Employing magnetic drive structure brings the benefits of low driving voltage and large vibrating displacement, which consequently results in less interference from the drive signal. In the theoretical analyses, the capacitance calculation model between the wire and the sensing electrode is built. The expression of the magnetic driving force is derived by the method of linear fitting. The dynamical model of the magnetic-driven cantilever beam actuator is built by using Euler-Bernoulli theory and distributed parameter method. Taking advantage of the theoretical model, the output voltage of proposed sensor can be predicted. The experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical results. The proposed sensor shows a favorable linear response characteristic. The proposed sensor has a measuring sensitivity of 9.87 μV/(V/m) at an excitation current of 37.5 mA. The electric field intensity resolution can reach 10.13 V/m.

29. INTERIOR VIEW LOOKING SOUTHWEST IN THE ELECTRICAL MOTOR ROOM. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

29. INTERIOR VIEW LOOKING SOUTHWEST IN THE ELECTRICAL MOTOR ROOM. CONTROL PANELS ARE ON THE LEFT SIDE OF THE IMAGE (MOST OF THE SALVAGEABLE EQUIPMENT HAS BEEN REMOVED FROM THESE PANELS. A TRANSFORMER FOR GENERAL ELECTRICAL NEEDS IN THE MILL IS LOCATED ABOVE THE DOOR. - Standard Gold Mill, East of Bodie Creek, Northeast of Bodie, Bodie, Mono County, CA

Magneto-Electric Conversion of Optical Energy to Electricity

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-07-06

thermodynamic limitations. The heat load accompanying magneto-electric rectification was theorized to be negligible, since the conversion process involves a...circles) and cross-polarized (filled circles) quasi-elastic light-scattering in Gadolinium Gallium Garnet (GGG). Right: Same data as on the left...of inertia and crystals achieved magnetic saturation at the lowest intensities. 4. Efficiency Limit – Thermodynamic limit of energy conversion

78 FR 13463 - Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing Company Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-28

..., December 12, 2012), currently requires repetitive inspections of electrical heat terminals on the left and... windshield with a windshield equipped with different electrical connections, which would terminate the.... * * * * * Issued in Renton, Washington, on February 15, 2013. Kalene C. Yanamura, Acting Manager, Transport...

25. VIEW EAST IN BRIDGE TENDER'S HOUSE, (left) ORIGINAL LEVERS ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

25. VIEW EAST IN BRIDGE TENDER'S HOUSE, (left) ORIGINAL LEVERS FOR GASOLINE ENGINE OPERATION OF SWING-SPAN, (right) PANEL F ELECTRIC OPERATION OF GATES AND SWING-SPAN; new bridge located in background - Tipers Bridge, Spanning Great Wicomico River at State Route 200, Kilmarnock, Lancaster County, VA

27. DUCT LINES AND HOLES TO BE LEFT IN TRANSFORMER ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

27. DUCT LINES AND HOLES TO BE LEFT IN TRANSFORMER ROOM AND GALLERY, MENTONE, MAR. 13, 1904. R.S. MASSON, CONSULTING ELECTRICAL ENGINEER, SAN FRANCISCO AND LOS ANGELES. SCE drawing no. 52319. - Santa Ana River Hydroelectric System, SAR-3 Powerhouse, San Bernardino National Forest, Redlands, San Bernardino County, CA

Scaling up nanoscale water-driven energy conversion into evaporation-driven engines and generators

DOE PAGES

Chen, Xi; Goodnight, Davis; Gao, Zhenghan; ...

2015-06-16

Evaporation is a ubiquitous phenomenon in the natural environment and a dominant form of energy transfer in the Earth’s climate. Engineered systems rarely, if ever, use evaporation as a source of energy, despite myriad examples of such adaptations in the biological world. In this work, we report evaporation-driven engines that can power common tasks like locomotion and electricity generation. These engines start and run autonomously when placed at air–water interfaces. They generate rotary and piston-like linear motion using specially designed, biologically based artificial muscles responsive to moisture fluctuations. Using these engines, we demonstrate an electricity generator that rests on watermore » while harvesting its evaporation to power a light source, and a miniature car (weighing 0.1 kg) that moves forward as the water in the car evaporates. Evaporation-driven engines may find applications in powering robotic systems, sensors, devices and machinery that function in the natural environment.« less

Scaling up nanoscale water-driven energy conversion into evaporation-driven engines and generators

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chen, Xi; Goodnight, Davis; Gao, Zhenghan

Evaporation is a ubiquitous phenomenon in the natural environment and a dominant form of energy transfer in the Earth’s climate. Engineered systems rarely, if ever, use evaporation as a source of energy, despite myriad examples of such adaptations in the biological world. In this work, we report evaporation-driven engines that can power common tasks like locomotion and electricity generation. These engines start and run autonomously when placed at air–water interfaces. They generate rotary and piston-like linear motion using specially designed, biologically based artificial muscles responsive to moisture fluctuations. Using these engines, we demonstrate an electricity generator that rests on watermore » while harvesting its evaporation to power a light source, and a miniature car (weighing 0.1 kg) that moves forward as the water in the car evaporates. Evaporation-driven engines may find applications in powering robotic systems, sensors, devices and machinery that function in the natural environment.« less

Coordination of locomotor and cardiorespiratory networks of Lymnaea stagnalis by a pair of identified interneurones.

PubMed

Syed, N I; Winlow, W

1991-07-01

1. The morphology and electrophysiology of a newly identified bilateral pair of interneurones in the central nervous system of the pulmonate pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis is described. 2. These interneurones, identified as left and right pedal dorsal 11 (L/RPeD11), are electrically coupled to each other as well as to a large number of foot and body wall motoneurones, forming a fast-acting neural network which coordinates the activities of foot and body wall muscles. 3. The left and right sides of the body wall of Lymnaea are innervated by left and right cerebral A cluster neurones. Although these motoneurones have only ipsilateral projections, they are indirectly electrically coupled to their contralateral homologues via their connections with L/RPeD11. Similarly, the activities of left and right pedal G cluster neurones, which are known to be involved in locomotion, are also coordinated by L/RPeD11. 4. Selective ablation of both neurones PeD11 results in the loss of coordination between the bilateral cerebral A clusters. 5. Interneurones L/RPeD11 are multifunctional. In addition to coordinating motoneuronal activity, they make chemical excitatory connections with heart motoneurones. They also synapse upon respiratory motoneurones, hyperpolarizing those involved in pneumostome opening (expiration) and depolarizing those involved in pneumostome closure (inspiration). 6. An identified respiratory interneurone involved in pneumostome closure (visceral dorsal 4) inhibits L/RPeD11 together with all their electrically coupled follower cells. 7. Both L/RPeD11 have strong excitatory effects on another pair of electrically coupled neurones, visceral dorsal 1 and right parietal dorsal 2, which have previously been shown to be sensitive to changes in the partial pressure of environmental oxygen (PO2). 8. Although L/RPeD11 participate in whole-body withdrawal responses, electrical stimulation applied directly to these neurones was not sufficient to induce this behaviour.

ETR COOLING TOWER. PUMP HOUSE (TRA645) IN SHADOW OF TOWER ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

ETR COOLING TOWER. PUMP HOUSE (TRA-645) IN SHADOW OF TOWER ON LEFT. AT LEFT OF VIEW, HIGH-BAY BUILDING IS ETR. ONE STORY ATTACHMENT IS ETR ELECTRICAL BUILDING. STACK AT RIGHT IS ETR STACK; MTR STACK IS TOWARD LEFT. CAMERA FACING NORTHEAST. INL NEGATIVE NO. 56-3799. Jack L. Anderson, 11/26/1956 - Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Test Reactor Area, Materials & Engineering Test Reactors, Scoville, Butte County, ID

Exergy analysis of electrically- and thermally-driven engines to drive heat pumps: An exhaustive comparative study

DOE PAGES

Ally, Moonis R.; Sharma, Vishaldeep; Abdelaziz, Omar

2017-02-21

The choice of driving a heat pump with an electrically$-$or a thermally-driven engine is a vexing question complicated by the carbon footprint and environmental impact of using electricity versus natural gas (or waste heat) as the main driver for the respective engines. The amount of useful work generated by these two distinct engines is the focal point of this paper, which addresses a key question: which engine presents a better choice for a given heat pumping application within the constraints of energy and environmental stewardship? Extensive use of energy, exergy, and availability analysis is necessary to quantify the useful workmore » and to examine the issue holistically for both types of engines. The methodology explains why the output of work from these two distinct engines to satisfy a given load is vastly different, a direct consequence of their inherent Irreversibility. Thermodynamic consistency is guaranteed by satisfaction of the First and Second Laws applied to closed systems and their subsystems. The general conclusion is that thermally-driven engines are not industrious converters of heat to mechanical work.« less

High-order harmonic generation driven by inhomogeneous plasmonics fields spatially bounded: influence on the cut-off law

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Neyra, E.; Videla, F.; Ciappina, M. F.; Pérez-Hernández, J. A.; Roso, L.; Lewenstein, M.; Torchia, G. A.

2018-03-01

We study high-order harmonic generation (HHG) in model atoms driven by plasmonic-enhanced fields. These fields result from the illumination of plasmonic nanostructures by few-cycle laser pulses. We demonstrate that the spatial inhomogeneous character of the laser electric field, in a form of Gaussian-shaped functions, leads to an unexpected relationship between the HHG cutoff and the laser wavelength. Precise description of the spatial form of the plasmonic-enhanced field allows us to predict this relationship. We combine the numerical solutions of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation (TDSE) with the plasmonic-enhanced electric fields obtained from 3D finite element simulations. We additionally employ classical simulations to supplement the TDSE outcomes and characterize the extended HHG spectra by means of their associated electron trajectories. A proper definition of the spatially inhomogeneous laser electric field is instrumental to accurately describe the underlying physics of HHG driven by plasmonic-enhanced fields. This characterization opens up new perspectives for HHG control with various experimental nano-setups.

Four-dimensional electrical conductivity monitoring of stage-driven river water intrusion: Accounting for water table effects using a transient mesh boundary and conditional inversion constraints

DOE PAGES

Johnson, Tim; Versteeg, Roelof; Thomle, Jon; ...

2015-08-01

Our paper describes and demonstrates two methods of providing a priori information to the surface-based time-lapse three-dimensional electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) problem for monitoring stage-driven or tide-driven surface water intrusion into aquifers. First, a mesh boundary is implemented that conforms to the known location of the water table through time, thereby enabling the inversion to place a sharp bulk conductivity contrast at that boundary without penalty. Moreover, a nonlinear inequality constraint is used to allow only positive or negative transient changes in EC to occur within the saturated zone, dependent on the relative contrast in fluid electrical conductivity between surfacemore » water and groundwater. A 3-D field experiment demonstrates that time-lapse imaging results using traditional smoothness constraints are unable to delineate river water intrusion. The water table and inequality constraints provide the inversion with the additional information necessary to resolve the spatial extent of river water intrusion through time.« less

Four-dimensional electrical conductivity monitoring of stage-driven river water intrusion: Accounting for water table effects using a transient mesh boundary and conditional inversion constraints

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Johnson, Tim; Versteeg, Roelof; Thomle, Jon

Our paper describes and demonstrates two methods of providing a priori information to the surface-based time-lapse three-dimensional electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) problem for monitoring stage-driven or tide-driven surface water intrusion into aquifers. First, a mesh boundary is implemented that conforms to the known location of the water table through time, thereby enabling the inversion to place a sharp bulk conductivity contrast at that boundary without penalty. Moreover, a nonlinear inequality constraint is used to allow only positive or negative transient changes in EC to occur within the saturated zone, dependent on the relative contrast in fluid electrical conductivity between surfacemore » water and groundwater. A 3-D field experiment demonstrates that time-lapse imaging results using traditional smoothness constraints are unable to delineate river water intrusion. The water table and inequality constraints provide the inversion with the additional information necessary to resolve the spatial extent of river water intrusion through time.« less

Exergy analysis of electrically- and thermally-driven engines to drive heat pumps: An exhaustive comparative study

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ally, Moonis R.; Sharma, Vishaldeep; Abdelaziz, Omar

The choice of driving a heat pump with an electrically$-$or a thermally-driven engine is a vexing question complicated by the carbon footprint and environmental impact of using electricity versus natural gas (or waste heat) as the main driver for the respective engines. The amount of useful work generated by these two distinct engines is the focal point of this paper, which addresses a key question: which engine presents a better choice for a given heat pumping application within the constraints of energy and environmental stewardship? Extensive use of energy, exergy, and availability analysis is necessary to quantify the useful workmore » and to examine the issue holistically for both types of engines. The methodology explains why the output of work from these two distinct engines to satisfy a given load is vastly different, a direct consequence of their inherent Irreversibility. Thermodynamic consistency is guaranteed by satisfaction of the First and Second Laws applied to closed systems and their subsystems. The general conclusion is that thermally-driven engines are not industrious converters of heat to mechanical work.« less

How Things Work: A Spinning Top, Lenz's Law and Electric Watches.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Crane, H. Richard, Ed.

1984-01-01

Provides a physics explanation for a toy top driven by a magnet. Draws parallels to electric watches which use balance wheels with small permanent magnet mounts on them and having the coils mounted at one side. (JM)

Different regions of latest electrical activation during left bundle-branch block and right ventricular pacing in cardiac resynchronization therapy patients determined by coronary venous electro-anatomic mapping.

PubMed

Mafi Rad, Masih; Blaauw, Yuri; Dinh, Trang; Pison, Laurent; Crijns, Harry J; Prinzen, Frits W; Vernooy, Kevin

2014-11-01

Current targeted left ventricular (LV) lead placement strategy is directed at the latest activated region during intrinsic activation. However, cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is most commonly applied by simultaneous LV and right ventricular (RV) pacing without contribution from intrinsic conduction. Therefore, targeting the LV lead to the latest activated region during RV pacing might be more appropriate. We investigated the difference in LV electrical activation sequence between left bundle-branch block (LBBB) and RV apex (RVA) pacing using coronary venous electro-anatomic mapping (EAM). Twenty consecutive CRT candidates with LBBB underwent intra-procedural coronary venous EAM during intrinsic activation and RVA pacing using EnSite NavX. Left ventricular lead placement was aimed at the latest activated region during LBBB according to current recommendations. In all patients, LBBB was associated with a circumferential LV activation pattern, whereas RVA pacing resulted in activation from the apex of the heart to the base. In 10 of 20 patients, RVA pacing shifted the latest activated region relative to LBBB. In 18 of 20 patients, the LV lead was successfully positioned in the latest activated region during LBBB. For the whole study population, LV lead electrical delay, expressed as percentage of QRS duration, was significantly shorter during RVA pacing than during LBBB (72 ± 13 vs. 82 ± 5%, P = 0.035). Right ventricular apex pacing alters LV electrical activation pattern in CRT patients with LBBB, and shifts the latest activated region in a significant proportion of these patients. These findings warrant reconsideration of the current practice of LV lead targeting for CRT. © 2014 The Authors. European Journal of Heart Failure © 2014 European Society of Cardiology.

Perovskite photonic sources

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sutherland, Brandon R.; Sargent, Edward H.

2016-05-01

The field of solution-processed semiconductors has made great strides; however, it has yet to enable electrically driven lasers. To achieve this goal, improved materials are required that combine efficient (>50% quantum yield) radiative recombination under high injection, large and balanced charge-carrier mobilities in excess of 10 cm2 V-1 s-1, free-carrier densities greater than 1017 cm-3 and gain coefficients exceeding 104 cm-1. Solid-state perovskites are -- in addition to galvanizing the field of solar electricity -- showing great promise in photonic sources, and may be the answer to realizing solution-cast laser diodes. Here, we discuss the properties of perovskites that benefit light emission, review recent progress in perovskite electroluminescent diodes and optically pumped lasers, and examine the remaining challenges in achieving continuous-wave and electrically driven lasing.

28. CONTEXT VIEW OF BUILDING 229 (ELECTRIC POWER STATION) IN ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

28. CONTEXT VIEW OF BUILDING 229 (ELECTRIC POWER STATION) IN ASSEMBLY AREA WITH BUILDING 227 (FIRE STATION) IMMEDIATELY TO THE LEFT. - Loring Air Force Base, Weapons Storage Area, Northeastern corner of base at northern end of Maine Road, Limestone, Aroostook County, ME

Advanced motor driven clamped borehole seismic receiver

DOEpatents

Engler, Bruce P.; Sleefe, Gerard E.; Striker, Richard P.

1993-01-01

A borehole seismic tool including a borehole clamp which only moves perpendicular to the borehole. The clamp is driven by an electric motor, via a right angle drive. When used as a seismic receiver, the tool has a three part housing, two of which are hermetically sealed. Accelerometers or geophones are mounted in one hermetically sealed part, the electric meter in the other hermetically sealed part, and the clamp and right angle drive in the third part. Preferably the tool includes cable connectors at both ends. Optionally a shear plate can be added to the clamp to extend the range of the tool.

French wind generator systems. [as auxiliary power sources for electrical networks

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Noel, J. M.

1973-01-01

The experimental design of a wind driven generator with a rated power of 800 kilovolt amperes and capable of being connected to the main electrical network is reported. The rotor is a three bladed propeller; each blade is twisted but the fixed pitch is adjustable. The asynchronous 800-kilovolt ampere generator is driven by the propeller through a gearbox. A dissipating resistor regulates the machine under no-load conditions. The first propeller on the machine lasted 18 months; replacement of the rigid propeller with a flexible structure resulted in breakdown due to flutter effects.

Thoracic Duct Chylous Fistula Following Severe Electric Injury Combined with Sulfuric Acid Burns: A Case Report.

PubMed

Chang, Fei; Cheng, Dasheng; Qian, Mingyuan; Lu, Wei; Li, Huatao; Tang, Hongtai; Xia, Zhaofan

2016-10-11

BACKGROUND As patients with thoracic duct injuries often suffer from severe local soft tissue defects, integrated surgical treatment is needed to achieve damage repair and wound closure. However, thoracic duct chylous fistula is rare in burn patients, although it typically involves severe soft tissue damage in the neck or chest. CASE REPORT A 32-year-old male patient fell after accidentally contacting an electric current (380 V) and knocked over a barrel of sulfuric acid. The sulfuric acid continuously poured onto his left neck and chest, causing combined electrical and sulfuric acid burn injuries to his anterior and posterior torso, and various parts of his limbs (25% of his total body surface area). During treatment, chylous fistula developed in the left clavicular region, which we diagnosed as thoracic duct chylous fistula. We used diet control, intravenous nutritional support, and continuous somatostatin to reduce the chylous fistula output, and hydrophilic silver ion-containing dressings for wound coverage. A boneless muscle flap was used to seal the left clavicular cavity, and, integrated, these led to resolution of the chylous fistula. CONCLUSIONS Patients with severe electric or chemical burns in the neck or chest may be complicated with thoracic duct injuries. Although conservative treatment can control chylous fistula, wound cavity filling using a muscle flap is an effective approach for wound healing.

Electricity in foams: from one soapy interface to the macroscopic material

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Biance, Anne-Laure

2017-11-01

Liquid foams (a dispersion of gas bubbles in a soapy solution) destabilize with time due to coarsening, coalescence and gravity driven drainage. We propose here to inhibit (or trigger) the foam destabilization by applying an electric field to the material. This effect is investigated at the different scales of the system: one soapy interface, one liquid film, the macroscopic foam. The generation of an electroosmotic flow near a soapy liquid/gas interface raises many issues. How does the flow affect surfactant repartition? Is there a Marangoni stress at the interface? At the scale of one soap film, how the electric field affects the film stability and deformation? In a macroscopic foam, one can wonder whether the electric field can indeed reverse gravity driven drainage and increase foam lifetime? These different issues are considered by developing new experimental techniques allowing us to probe surfactant repartition at liquid interfaces, soap film thicknesses and liquid foam properties when an electric field is applied. The results will be presented together with a comprehensive picture of the mechanisms arising at each scale of the material, to conclude with the potential use of electricity in liquid foams to control destabilization. Collaborators: Baptiste Blanc, Oriane Bonhomme, Laurent Joly, Christophe Ybert.

112. VIEW OF SOUTH SIDE OF MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL ROOM ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

112. VIEW OF SOUTH SIDE OF MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL ROOM (110), LSB (BLDG. 770). VEHICLE MECHANICAL SYSTEMS ROOM (111) AND PNEUMATIC SUPPLY PANEL VISIBLE AT SOUTH END OF MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL ROOM (110). PAYLOAD CABLE DISTRIBUTION BOX ON LEFT OF PHOTO, FACING WEST. - Vandenberg Air Force Base, Space Launch Complex 3, Launch Pad 3 West, Napa & Alden Roads, Lompoc, Santa Barbara County, CA

26. View, looking east, of motor house; the electric motor ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

26. View, looking east, of motor house; the electric motor and electric-powered winch are housed in section of building to the left. The U-bolt and concrete deadman which anchors the cable of the tramway is to the right. Photo by Jet Lowe, HAER, 1989. - Puget Sound Power & Light Company, White River Hydroelectric Project, 600 North River Avenue, Dieringer, Pierce County, WA

Case report of a high voltage electrical injury and review of the indications for early fasciotomy in limb salvage of an electrically injured limb

PubMed Central

Huei, T.J.; Mohd Yussof, S.J.; Lip, H.T.C.; Salina, I.

2017-01-01

Summary Electrical injuries make up a relatively small portion of burn injuries. Safety measures in place on domestic electricity supply have reduced the occurrence of high voltage electrical injuries. We present the case of a young man who sustained a high voltage electrical injury on all four limbs. Early fasciotomy was performed on both his hands and forearms. Despite early compartment release, the left upper limb deteriorated and required amputation. In this article we discuss the indications, outcomes and complications of early fasciotomy. PMID:29021730

Dark localized structures in a cavity filled with a left-handed material

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tlidi, Mustapha; Kockaert, Pascal; Gelens, Lendert

2011-07-15

We consider a nonlinear passive optical cavity filled with left-handed and right-handed materials and driven by a coherent injected beam. We assume that both left-handed and right-handed materials possess a Kerr focusing type of nonlinearity. We show that close to the zero-diffraction regime, high-order diffraction allows us to stabilize dark localized structures in this device. These structures consist of dips in the transverse profile of the intracavity field and do not exist without high-order diffraction. We analyze the snaking bifurcation diagram associated with these structures. Finally, a realistic estimation of the model parameters is provided.

A proposal for a CT driven classification of left colon acute diverticulitis.

PubMed

Sartelli, Massimo; Moore, Frederick A; Ansaloni, Luca; Di Saverio, Salomone; Coccolini, Federico; Griffiths, Ewen A; Coimbra, Raul; Agresta, Ferdinando; Sakakushev, Boris; Ordoñez, Carlos A; Abu-Zidan, Fikri M; Karamarkovic, Aleksandar; Augustin, Goran; Costa Navarro, David; Ulrych, Jan; Demetrashvili, Zaza; Melo, Renato B; Marwah, Sanjay; Zachariah, Sanoop K; Wani, Imtiaz; Shelat, Vishal G; Kim, Jae Il; McFarlane, Michael; Pintar, Tadaja; Rems, Miran; Bala, Miklosh; Ben-Ishay, Offir; Gomes, Carlos Augusto; Faro, Mario Paulo; Pereira, Gerson Alves; Catani, Marco; Baiocchi, Gianluca; Bini, Roberto; Anania, Gabriele; Negoi, Ionut; Kecbaja, Zurabs; Omari, Abdelkarim H; Cui, Yunfeng; Kenig, Jakub; Sato, Norio; Vereczkei, Andras; Skrovina, Matej; Das, Koray; Bellanova, Giovanni; Di Carlo, Isidoro; Segovia Lohse, Helmut A; Kong, Victor; Kok, Kenneth Y; Massalou, Damien; Smirnov, Dmitry; Gachabayov, Mahir; Gkiokas, Georgios; Marinis, Athanasios; Spyropoulos, Charalampos; Nikolopoulos, Ioannis; Bouliaris, Konstantinos; Tepp, Jaan; Lohsiriwat, Varut; Çolak, Elif; Isik, Arda; Rios-Cruz, Daniel; Soto, Rodolfo; Abbas, Ashraf; Tranà, Cristian; Caproli, Emanuele; Soldatenkova, Darija; Corcione, Francesco; Piazza, Diego; Catena, Fausto

2015-01-01

Computed tomography (CT) imaging is the most appropriate diagnostic tool to confirm suspected left colonic diverticulitis. However, the utility of CT imaging goes beyond accurate diagnosis of diverticulitis; the grade of severity on CT imaging may drive treatment planning of patients presenting with acute diverticulitis. The appropriate management of left colon acute diverticulitis remains still debated because of the vast spectrum of clinical presentations and different approaches to treatment proposed. The authors present a new simple classification system based on both CT scan results driving decisions making management of acute diverticulitis that may be universally accepted for day to day practice.

103. VIEW OF BEACH STRUCTURES ON NORTHWEST SIDE OF PIER, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

103. VIEW OF BEACH STRUCTURES ON NORTHWEST SIDE OF PIER, LOOKING SOUTHEAST; PACIFIC ELECTRIC RAILWAY CAR (UPPER LEFT), CONCESSION STANDS (LOWER LEFT), BANDSHELL (RIGHT), AND PIER IN BACKGROUND Photograph #5352-HB. Photographer unknown, c. 1914 - Huntington Beach Municipal Pier, Pacific Coast Highway at Main Street, Huntington Beach, Orange County, CA

Torsional Vibration Analysis of Reciprocating Compressor Trains driven by Induction Motors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brunelli, M.; Fusi, A.; Grasso, F.; Pasteur, F.; Ussi, A.

2015-08-01

The dynamic study of electric motor driven compressors, for Oil&Gas (O&G) applications, are traditionally performed in two steps separating the mechanical and the electrical systems. The packager conducts a Torsional Vibration Analysis (TVA) modeling the mechanical system with a lumped parameter scheme, without taking into account the electrical part. The electric motor supplier later performs a source current pulsation analysis on the electric motor system, based on the TVA results. The mechanical and the electrical systems are actually linked by the electromagnetic effect. The effect of the motor air-gap on TVA has only recently been taken into account by adding a spring and a damper between motor and ground in the model. This model is more accurate than the traditional one, but is applicable only to the steady-state condition and still fails to consider the reciprocal effects between the two parts of the system. In this paper the torsional natural frequencies calculated using both the traditional and the new model have been compared. Furthermore, simulation of the complete system has been achieved through the use of LMS AMESim, multi-physics, one-dimensional simulation software that simultaneously solves the shafts rotation and electric motor voltage equation. Finally, the transient phenomena that occur during start-up have been studied.

76 FR 77565 - Biweekly Notice; Applications and Amendments to Facility Operating Licenses Involving No...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-13

... assure that the emergency diesel generator's diesel driven cooling water pumps perform their required... generators will provide required electrical power as assumed in the accident analyses and the cooling water... Technical Specifications to require an adequate emergency diesel generator and diesel driven cooling water...

46 CFR 56.50-30 - Boiler feed piping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... pump may be used for other purposes. (2) If two independently driven pumps are provided, each capable... requirements. (1) Steam vessels, and motor vessels fitted with steam driven electrical generators shall have at... the necessary connections for this purpose. The arrangement of feed pumps shall be in accordance with...

Magnus air turbine system

DOEpatents

Hanson, Thomas F.

1982-01-01

A Magnus effect windmill for generating electrical power is disclosed. A large nacelle-hub mounted pivotally (in Azimuth) atop a support tower carries, in the example disclosed, three elongated barrels arranged in a vertical plane and extending symmetrically radially outwardly from the nacelle. The system provides spin energy to the barrels by internal mechanical coupling in the proper sense to cause, in reaction to an incident wind, a rotational torque of a predetermined sense on the hub. The rotating hub carries a set of power take-off rollers which ride on a stationary circular track in the nacelle. Shafts carry the power, given to the rollers by the wind driven hub, to a central collector or accumulator gear assembly whose output is divided to drive the spin mechanism for the Magnus barrels and the main electric generator. A planetary gear assembly is interposed between the collector gears and the spin mechanism functioning as a differential which is also connected to an auxiliary electric motor whereby power to the spin mechanism may selectively be provided by the motor. Generally, the motor provides initial spin to the barrels for start-up after which the motor is braked and the spin mechanism is driven as though by a fixed ratio coupling from the rotor hub. During high wind or other unusual conditions, the auxiliary motor may be unbraked and excess spin power may be used to operate the motor as a generator of additional electrical output. Interposed between the collector gears of the rotating hub and the main electric generator is a novel variable speed drive-fly wheel system which is driven by the variable speed of the wind driven rotor and which, in turn, drives the main electric generator at constant angular speed. Reference is made to the complete specification for disclosure of other novel aspects of the system such as, for example, the aerodynamic and structural aspects of the novel Magnus barrels as well as novel gearing and other power coupling combination apparatus of the invention. A reading of the complete specification is recommended for a full understanding of the principles and features of the disclosed system.

Left Atrial Appendage Electrical Isolation and Concomitant Device Occlusion to Treat Persistent Atrial Fibrillation: A First-in-Human Safety, Feasibility, and Efficacy Study.

PubMed

Panikker, Sandeep; Jarman, Julian W E; Virmani, Renu; Kutys, Robert; Haldar, Shouvik; Lim, Eric; Butcher, Charles; Khan, Habib; Mantziari, Lilian; Nicol, Edward; Foran, John P; Markides, Vias; Wong, Tom

2016-07-01

Left atrial appendage (LAA) electric isolation is reported to improve persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation outcomes. However, loss of LAA mechanical function may increase thromboembolic risk. Concomitant LAA electric isolation and occlusion as part of conventional AF ablation has never been tested in humans. We therefore evaluated the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of LAA electric isolation and occlusion in patients undergoing long-standing persistent AF ablation. Patients with long-standing persistent AF (age, 68±7 years; left atrium diameter, 46±3 mm; and AF duration, 25±15 months) underwent AF ablation, LAA electric isolation, and occlusion. Outcomes were compared with a balanced (1:2 ratio) control group who had AF ablation alone. Among 22 patients who underwent ablation, LAA electric isolation was possible in 20. Intraprocedural LAA reconnection occurred in 17 of 20 (85%) patients, predominantly at anterior and superior locations. All were reisolated. LAA occlusion was successful in all 20 patients. There were no major periprocedural complications. Imaging at 45 days and 9 months confirmed satisfactory device position and excluded pericardial effusion. One of twenty (5%) patients had a gap of ≥5 mm requiring anticoagulation. Nineteen of twenty (95%) patients stopped warfarin at 3 months. Without antiarrhythmic drugs, freedom from AF at 12 months after a single procedure was significantly higher in the study group (19/20, 95%) than in the control group (25/40, 63%), P=0.036. Freedom from atrial arrhythmias was demonstrated in 12 of 20 (60%) and 18 of 20 (90%) patients after 1 and ≤2 procedures (mean, 1.3), respectively. Persistent AF ablation, LAA electric isolation, and mechanical occlusion can be performed concomitantly. This technique may improve the success of persistent AF ablation while obviating the need for chronic anticoagulation. URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT02028130. © 2016 American Heart Association, Inc.

Green Flight Challenge

NASA Image and Video Library

2011-10-03

Comparative Aircraft Flight Efficiency (CAFE) Foundation President Brien A. Seeley M.D., left, NASA Acting Chief Technologist Joe Parrish, 2nd from left, and Pipistrel-USA Team Lead Jack Langelaan, center with suit, and the entire Pipistrel-USA, Taurus G4 aircraft team pose for a photograph shortly after winning the 2011 Green Flight Challenge, sponsored by Google, on Monday, Oct. 3, 2011 at the NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, Calif. The all electric Taurus G4 aircraft achieved the equivalency of more than 400 miles per gallon. NASA and CAFE held the challenge to advance technologies in fuel efficiency and reduced emissions with cleaner renewable fuels and electric aircraft. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Effect of the architecture of the left ventricle on the speed of the excitation wave in muscle fibers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nezlobinsky, T. V.; Pravdin, S. F.; Katsnelson, L. B.; Solovyova, O. E.

2016-07-01

It is known that preferential paths for the propagation of an electrical excitation wave in the human ventricular myocardium are associated with muscle fibers in tissue. The speed of the excitation wave along a fiber is several times higher than that across the direction of the fiber. To estimate the effect of the architecture and anisotropy of the myocardium of the left ventricle on the process of its electrical activation, we have studied the relation between the speed of the electrical excitation wave in a one-dimensional isolated myocardial fiber consisting of sequentially coupled cardiomyocytes and in an identical fiber located in the wall of a threedimensional anatomical model of the left ventricle. It has been shown that the speed of a wavefront along the fiber in the three-dimensional myocardial tissue is much higher than that in the one-dimensional fiber. The acceleration of the signal is due to the rotation of directions of fibers in the wall and to the position of the excitation wavefront with respect to the direction of this fiber. The observed phenomenon is caused by the approach of the excitable tissue with rotational anisotropy in its properties to a pseudoisotropic tissue.

The effects of vasoactive peptide urocortin 2 on hemodynamics in spontaneous hypertensive rat and the role of L-type calcium channel and CRFR2.

PubMed

Liu, Chunna; Liu, Xinyu; Yang, Jing; Duan, Yan; Yao, Hongyue; Li, Fenghua; Zhang, Xia

2015-04-01

Urocortin (UCN) is a newly identified vascular-active peptide that has been shown to reverse cardiovascular remodeling and improve left ventricular (LV) function. The effects and mechanism of urocortin 2 (UCN2) in vivo on the electrical remodeling of left ventricle and the hemodynamics of hypertensive objectives have not been investigated. UCN2 (1 μg/kg/d, 3.5 μg/kg/d or 7 μg/kg/d) was intravenously injected for 2 weeks and its effects on hemodynamics in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) observed. The whole-cell patch clamp technique was used to explore the effects of UCN2 on the electrical remodeling of left ventricular cardiomyocytes. The flow cytometry method was used to determine the content of fluorescence calcium in myocardium. UCN2 improved the systolic and diastolic function of SHRs as demonstrated by decreased left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP), increased +dp/dtmax and -dp/dtmax and decreased cAMP level. UCN2 inhibited the opening of L-type calcium channel and decreased the calcium channel current of cardiomyocytes. In addition, UCN2 also decreased the contents of fluorescence calcium in SHR myocardium. However, astressin2-B (AST-2B), the antagonist of corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 2 (CRFR2), could reverse the inhibitory effects of UCN2 on calcium channel. UCN2 can modulate electrical remodeling of the myocardium and hemodynamics in an experimental model of SHR via inhibition of L-type calcium channel and CRFR2 in cardiomyocytes. Copyright © 2014 Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier Urban & Partner Sp. z o.o. All rights reserved.

Intranasal Oxytocin Affects Amygdala Functional Connectivity after Trauma Script-Driven Imagery in Distressed Recently Trauma-Exposed Individuals.

PubMed

Frijling, Jessie L; van Zuiden, Mirjam; Koch, Saskia B J; Nawijn, Laura; Veltman, Dick J; Olff, Miranda

2016-04-01

Approximately 10% of trauma-exposed individuals go on to develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Neural emotion regulation may be etiologically involved in PTSD development. Oxytocin administration early post-trauma may be a promising avenue for PTSD prevention, as intranasal oxytocin has previously been found to affect emotion regulation networks in healthy individuals and psychiatric patients. In a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled between-subjects functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) study, we assessed the effects of a single intranasal oxytocin administration (40 IU) on seed-based amygdala resting-state FC with emotion regulation areas (ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC)), and salience processing areas (insula, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC)) in 37 individuals within 11 days post trauma. Two resting-state scans were acquired; one after neutral- and one after trauma-script-driven imagery. We found that oxytocin administration reduced amygdala-left vlPFC FC after trauma script-driven imagery, compared with neutral script-driven imagery, whereas in PL-treated participants enhanced amygdala-left vlPFC FC was observed following trauma script-driven imagery. Irrespective of script condition, oxytocin increased amygdala-insula FC and decreased amygdala-vmPFC FC. These neural effects were accompanied by lower levels of sleepiness and higher flashback intensity in the oxytocin group after the trauma script. Together, our findings show that oxytocin administration may impede emotion regulation network functioning in response to trauma reminders in recently trauma-exposed individuals. Therefore, caution may be warranted in administering oxytocin to prevent PTSD in distressed, recently trauma-exposed individuals.

Information, Please.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hardy, Lawrence

2003-01-01

Requirements of the No Child Left Behind Act present school districts with a massive lesson in data-driven decision-making. Technology companies offer data-management tools that organize student information from state tests. Offers districts advice in choosing a technology provider. (MLF)

30 CFR 18.35 - Portable (trailing) cables and cords.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

..., EVALUATION, AND APPROVAL OF MINING PRODUCTS ELECTRIC MOTOR-DRIVEN MINE EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES Construction... used to conduct electrical energy to face equipment shall conform to the following: (1) Have each conductor of a current-carrying capacity consistent with the Insulated Power Cable Engineers Association...

30 CFR 18.35 - Portable (trailing) cables and cords.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

..., EVALUATION, AND APPROVAL OF MINING PRODUCTS ELECTRIC MOTOR-DRIVEN MINE EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES Construction... used to conduct electrical energy to face equipment shall conform to the following: (1) Have each conductor of a current-carrying capacity consistent with the Insulated Power Cable Engineers Association...

30 CFR 18.35 - Portable (trailing) cables and cords.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

..., EVALUATION, AND APPROVAL OF MINING PRODUCTS ELECTRIC MOTOR-DRIVEN MINE EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES Construction... used to conduct electrical energy to face equipment shall conform to the following: (1) Have each conductor of a current-carrying capacity consistent with the Insulated Power Cable Engineers Association...

30 CFR 18.35 - Portable (trailing) cables and cords.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

..., EVALUATION, AND APPROVAL OF MINING PRODUCTS ELECTRIC MOTOR-DRIVEN MINE EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES Construction... used to conduct electrical energy to face equipment shall conform to the following: (1) Have each conductor of a current-carrying capacity consistent with the Insulated Power Cable Engineers Association...

30 CFR 18.34 - Motors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... PRODUCTS ELECTRIC MOTOR-DRIVEN MINE EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES Construction and Design Requirements § 18.34 Motors. Explosion-proof electric motor assemblies intended for use in approved equipment in underground... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Motors. 18.34 Section 18.34 Mineral Resources...

46 CFR 111.101-1 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Applicability. 111.101-1 Section 111.101-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING ELECTRIC SYSTEMS-GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Submersible Motor-Driven Bilge Pumps § 111.101-1 Applicability. This subpart applies to each...

46 CFR 111.101-1 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Applicability. 111.101-1 Section 111.101-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING ELECTRIC SYSTEMS-GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Submersible Motor-Driven Bilge Pumps § 111.101-1 Applicability. This subpart applies to each...

46 CFR 111.101-1 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Applicability. 111.101-1 Section 111.101-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING ELECTRIC SYSTEMS-GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Submersible Motor-Driven Bilge Pumps § 111.101-1 Applicability. This subpart applies to each...

46 CFR 111.101-1 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Applicability. 111.101-1 Section 111.101-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING ELECTRIC SYSTEMS-GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Submersible Motor-Driven Bilge Pumps § 111.101-1 Applicability. This subpart applies to each...

46 CFR 111.101-1 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Applicability. 111.101-1 Section 111.101-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING ELECTRIC SYSTEMS-GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Submersible Motor-Driven Bilge Pumps § 111.101-1 Applicability. This subpart applies to each...

30 CFR 18.92 - Quality of material and design.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

..., EVALUATION, AND APPROVAL OF MINING PRODUCTS ELECTRIC MOTOR-DRIVEN MINE EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES Field... shall be designed to facilitate maintenance and inspection. (b) MSHA shall conduct field investigations and, where necessary, field test electric machinery only where such machinery is found to be...

30 CFR 18.92 - Quality of material and design.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

..., EVALUATION, AND APPROVAL OF MINING PRODUCTS ELECTRIC MOTOR-DRIVEN MINE EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES Field... shall be designed to facilitate maintenance and inspection. (b) MSHA shall conduct field investigations and, where necessary, field test electric machinery only where such machinery is found to be...

Electrifying white biotechnology: engineering and economic potential of electricity-driven bio-production.

PubMed

Harnisch, Falk; Rosa, Luis F M; Kracke, Frauke; Virdis, Bernardino; Krömer, Jens O

2015-03-01

The production of fuels and chemicals by electricity-driven bio-production (i.e., using electric energy to drive biosynthesis) holds great promises. However, this electrification of white biotechnology is particularly challenging to achieve because of the different optimal operating conditions of electrochemical and biochemical reactions. In this article, we address the technical parameters and obstacles to be taken into account when engineering microbial bioelectrochemical systems (BES) for bio-production. In addition, BES-based bio-production processes reported in the literature are compared against industrial needs showing that a still large gap has to be closed. Finally, the feasibility of BES bio-production is analysed based on bulk electricity prices. Using the example of lysine production from sucrose, we demonstrate that there is a realistic market potential as cost savings of 8.4 % (in EU) and 18.0 % (in US) could be anticipated, if the necessary yields can be obtained. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Single-Cell Electric Lysis on an Electroosmotic-Driven Microfluidic Chip with Arrays of Microwells

PubMed Central

Jen, Chun-Ping; Amstislavskaya, Tamara G.; Liu, Ya-Hui; Hsiao, Ju-Hsiu; Chen, Yu-Hung

2012-01-01

Accurate analysis at the single-cell level has become a highly attractive tool for investigating cellular content. An electroosmotic-driven microfluidic chip with arrays of 30-μm-diameter microwells was developed for single-cell electric lysis in the present study. The cellular occupancy in the microwells when the applied voltage was 5 V (82.4%) was slightly higher than that at an applied voltage of 10 V (81.8%). When the applied voltage was increased to 15 V, the cellular occupancy in the microwells dropped to 64.3%. More than 50% of the occupied microwells contain individual cells. The results of electric lysis experiments at the single-cell level indicate that the cells were gradually lysed as the DC voltage of 30 V was applied; the cell was fully lysed after 25 s. Single-cell electric lysis was demonstrated in the proposed microfluidic chip, which is suitable for high-throughput cell lysis. PMID:22969331

Electrically driven quantum light emission in electromechanically tuneable photonic crystal cavities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Petruzzella, M.; Pagliano, F. M.; Zobenica, Ž.; Birindelli, S.; Cotrufo, M.; van Otten, F. W. M.; van der Heijden, R. W.; Fiore, A.

2017-12-01

A single quantum dot deterministically coupled to a photonic crystal environment constitutes an indispensable elementary unit to both generate and manipulate single-photons in next-generation quantum photonic circuits. To date, the scaling of the number of these quantum nodes on a fully integrated chip has been prevented by the use of optical pumping strategies that require a bulky off-chip laser along with the lack of methods to control the energies of nano-cavities and emitters. Here, we concurrently overcome these limitations by demonstrating electrical injection of single excitonic lines within a nano-electro-mechanically tuneable photonic crystal cavity. When an electrically driven dot line is brought into resonance with a photonic crystal mode, its emission rate is enhanced. Anti-bunching experiments reveal the quantum nature of these on-demand sources emitting in the telecom range. These results represent an important step forward in the realization of integrated quantum optics experiments featuring multiple electrically triggered Purcell-enhanced single-photon sources embedded in a reconfigurable semiconductor architecture.

Temporal dynamics of musical emotions examined through intersubject synchrony of brain activity

PubMed Central

Frühholz, Sascha; Cochrane, Tom; Cojan, Yann; Vuilleumier, Patrik

2015-01-01

To study emotional reactions to music, it is important to consider the temporal dynamics of both affective responses and underlying brain activity. Here, we investigated emotions induced by music using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with a data-driven approach based on intersubject correlations (ISC). This method allowed us to identify moments in the music that produced similar brain activity (i.e. synchrony) among listeners under relatively natural listening conditions. Continuous ratings of subjective pleasantness and arousal elicited by the music were also obtained for the music outside of the scanner. Our results reveal synchronous activations in left amygdala, left insula and right caudate nucleus that were associated with higher arousal, whereas positive valence ratings correlated with decreases in amygdala and caudate activity. Additional analyses showed that synchronous amygdala responses were driven by energy-related features in the music such as root mean square and dissonance, while synchrony in insula was additionally sensitive to acoustic event density. Intersubject synchrony also occurred in the left nucleus accumbens, a region critically implicated in reward processing. Our study demonstrates the feasibility and usefulness of an approach based on ISC to explore the temporal dynamics of music perception and emotion in naturalistic conditions. PMID:25994970

11. ENTRY STAIRWELL TO CABLE TUNNEL. REMAINS OF ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

11. ENTRY STAIRWELL TO CABLE TUNNEL. REMAINS OF ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION STATIONS AT LEFT, TRACKSIDE CAMERA STAND AT FAR RIGHT. Looking northeast toward launch pad. - Edwards Air Force Base, South Base Sled Track, Firing Control Blockhouse, South of Sled Track at east end, Lancaster, Los Angeles County, CA

12. INTERIOR OF FRONT BEDROOM SHOWING ELECTRICAL WALL HEATER ON ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

12. INTERIOR OF FRONT BEDROOM SHOWING ELECTRICAL WALL HEATER ON BACK WALL, OPEN FIVE-PANELED DOOR TO LIVING ROOM AT PHOTO LEFT, AND OPEN SOLID DOOR TO BATHROOM AT PHOTO CENTER. VIEW TO WEST. - Bishop Creek Hydroelectric System, Plant 4, Worker Cottage, Bishop Creek, Bishop, Inyo County, CA

54. DETAIL OF GENERAL ELECTRIC AIRBORNE BEACON EQUIPMENT TEST SET ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

54. DETAIL OF GENERAL ELECTRIC AIRBORNE BEACON EQUIPMENT TEST SET (LEFT) AND ASSOCIATED GOULD BRUSH CHART RECORDERS (RIGHT). ELAPSED TIME COUNTER SITS ATOP AIRBORNE BEACON EQUIPMENT TEST SET. - Vandenberg Air Force Base, Space Launch Complex 3, Launch Operations Building, Napa & Alden Roads, Lompoc, Santa Barbara County, CA

Electric-field-driven Phenomena for Manipulating Particles in Micro-Devices

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Khusid, Boris; Acrivos, Andreas

2004-01-01

Compared to other available methods, ac dielectrophoresis is particularly well-suited for the manipulation of minute particles in micro- and nano-fluidics. The essential advantage of this technique is that an ac field at a sufficiently high frequency suppresses unwanted electric effects in a liquid. To date very little has been achieved towards understanding the micro-scale field-and shear driven behavior of a suspension in that, the concepts currently favored for the design and operation of dielectrophoretic micro-devices adopt the approach used for macro-scale electric filters. This strategy considers the trend of the field-induced particle motions by computing the spatial distribution of the field strength over a channel as if it were filled only with a liquid and then evaluating the direction of the dielectrophoretic force, exerted on a single particle placed in the liquid. However, the exposure of suspended particles to a field generates not only the dielectrophoretic force acting on each of these particles, but also the dipolar interactions of the particles due to their polarization. Furthermore, the field-driven motion of the particles is accompanied by their hydrodynamic interactions. We present the results of our experimental and theoretical studies which indicate that, under certain conditions, these long-range electrical and hydrodynamic interparticle interactions drastically affect the suspension behavior in a micro-channel due to its small dimensions.

Ventilation and perfusion imaging by electrical impedance tomography: a comparison with radionuclide scanning.

PubMed

Kunst, P W; Vonk Noordegraaf, A; Hoekstra, O S; Postmus, P E; de Vries, P M

1998-11-01

Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a technique that makes it possible to measure ventilation and pulmonary perfusion in a volume that approximates to a 2D plane. The possibility of using EIT for measuring the left-right division of ventilation and perfusion was compared with that of radionuclide imaging. Following routine ventilation (81mKr) and perfusion scanning (99mTc-MAA), EIT measurements were performed at the third and the sixth intercostal level in 14 patients with lung cancer. A correlation (r = 0.98, p < 0.005) between the left-right division for the ventilation measured with EIT and that with 81mKr was found. For the left-right division of pulmonary perfusion a correlation of 0.95 (p < 0.005) was found between the two methods. The reliability coefficient (RC) was calculated for estimating the left-right division with EIT. The RC for the ventilation measurements was 94% and 96% for the perfusion measurements. The correlation analysis for reproducibility of the EIT measurements was 0.95 (p < 0.001) for the ventilation and 0.93 (p < 0.001) for the perfusion measurements. In conclusion, EIT can be regarded as a promising technique to estimate the left-right division of pulmonary perfusion and ventilation.

Industrial application of low voltage bidirectional automatic release of reserve

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Popa, G. N.; Diniş, C. M.; Iagăr, A.; Deaconu, S. I.; Popa, I.

2018-01-01

The paper presents an analysis on low voltage industrial electrical installation controlled by bidirectional automatic release of reserve. Industrial electrical installation is for removing smoke in case of fire from a textile company. The main parts of the installation of removing smoke in case of fire are: general electrical panel; reserve electrical panel; three-phase induction motors for driven fans; electrical actuators for inlet and outlet valves; clean air inlet pipe, respectively, the outlet pipe for smoke. The operation and checking of bidirectional automatic release of reserve are present in the paper.

Security Vulnerability and Patch Management in Electric Utilities: A Data-Driven Analysis

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Li, Qinghua; Zhang, Fengli

This paper explores a real security vulnerability and patch management dataset from an electric utility in order to shed light on characteristics of the vulnerabilities that electric utility assets have and how they are remediated in practice. Specifically, it first analyzes the distribution of vulnerabilities over software, assets, and other metric. Then it analyzes how vulnerability features affect remediate actions.

Thermal and Electrical Recharging of Sodium/Sulfur Cells

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Richter, Robert

1987-01-01

Efficiency as high as 60 percent achieved. Proposed thermal and electrical recharging scheme expected to increase overall energy efficiency of battery of sodium/sulfur cells (beta cells). Takes advantage of peculiarity in chemical kinetics of recharge portion of operating cycle to give thermal assist to electrically driven chemical reactions. Future application include portable power supplies and energy storage in commercial power systems during offpeak periods.

Electrical Aspects of Flames in Microgravity Combustion

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dunn-Rankin, D.; Strayer, B.; Weinberg, F.; Carleton, F.

1999-01-01

A principal characteristic of combustion in microgravity is the absence of buoyancy driven flows. In some cases, such as for spherically symmetrical droplet burning, the absence of buoyancy is desirable for matching analytical treatments with experiments. In other cases, however, it can be more valuable to arbitrarily control the flame's convective environment independent of the environmental gravitational condition. To accomplish this, we propose the use of ion generated winds driven by electric fields to control local convection of flames. Such control can produce reduced buoyancy (effectively zero buoyancy) conditions in the laboratory in 1-g facilitating a wide range of laser diagnostics that can probe the system without special packaging required for drop tower or flight tests. In addition, the electric field generated ionic winds allow varying gravitational convection equivalents even if the test occurs in reduced gravity environments.

The neutral wind 'flywheel' as a source of quiet-time, polar-cap currents

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lyons, L. R.; Walterscheid, R. L.; Killeen, T. L.

1985-01-01

The neutral wind pattern over the summer polar cap can be driven by plasma convection to resemble the convection pattern. For a north-south component of the interplanetary magnetic field Bz directed southward, the wind speeds in the conducting E-region can become approximately 25 percent of the electric field drift speeds. If convection ceases, this neutral wind distribution can drive a significant polar cap current system for approximately 6 hours. The currents are reversed from those driven by the electric fields for southward Bz, and the Hall and field-aligned components of the current system resemble those observed during periods of northward Bz. The current magnitudes are similar to those observed during periods of small, northward Bz; however, observations indicate that electric fields often contribute to the currents as much as, or more than, the neutral winds.

Injury Source and Correlation Analysis of Riders in Car-Electric Bicycle Accidents.

PubMed

Zou, Tiefang; Yi, Liang; Cai, Ming; Hu, Lin; Li, Yuelin

2018-01-01

The knowledge about the injury source and correlation of riders in car-electric bicycle accident will be helpful in the cross validation of traces and vehicle safety design. In order to know more information about such kind of knowledge, 57 true car-electric bicycle accidents were reconstructed by PC-Crash and then data on injury information of riders were collected directly from the reconstructed cases. These collected data were validated by some existing research results firstly, and then 4 abnormal cases were deleted according to the statistical method. Finally, conclusions can be obtained according to the data obtained from the remaining 53 cases. Direct injuries of the head and right leg are from the road pavement upon low speed; the source laws of indirect head injuries are not obvious. Upon intermediate and high speed, the injuries of the above parts are from automobiles. Injuries of the left leg, femur, and right knee are from automobiles; left knee injuries are from automobiles, the road pavement and automobiles, respectively, upon low, intermediate, and high speed. The source laws of indirect torso injuries are not obvious upon intermediate and low speed, which are from automobiles upon high speed, while direct torso injuries are from the road pavement. And there is no high correlation between all parts of the injury of riders. The largest correlation coefficient was the head-left femur and left femur-right femur, which was 0.647, followed by the head-right femur (0.638) and head-torso which was 0.617.

Left atrial structure and function in atrial fibrillation: ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48

PubMed Central

Gupta, Deepak K.; Shah, Amil M.; Giugliano, Robert P.; Ruff, Christian T.; Antman, Elliott M.; Grip, Laura T.; Deenadayalu, Naveen; Hoffman, Elaine; Patel, Indravadan; Shi, Minggao; Mercuri, Michele; Mitrovic, Veselin; Braunwald, Eugene; Solomon, Scott D.

2014-01-01

Aims The complex relationship between left atrial (LA) structure and function, electrical burden of atrial fibrillation (AF) and stroke risk is not well understood. We aimed to describe LA structure and function in AF. Methods and results Left atrial structure and function was assessed in 971 subjects enrolled in the echocardiographic substudy of ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48. Left atrial size, emptying fraction (LAEF), and contractile function were compared across AF types (paroxysmal, persistent, or permanent) and CHADS2 scores as an estimate of stroke risk. The majority of AF patients (55%) had both LA enlargement and reduced LAEF, with an inverse relationship between LA size and LAEF (R = −0.57, P < 0.001). With an increasing electrical burden of AF and higher CHADS2 scores, LA size increased and LAEF declined. Moreover, 19% of AF subjects had impaired LAEF despite normal LA size, and LA contractile dysfunction was present even among the subset of AF subjects in sinus rhythm at the time of echocardiography. Conclusions In a contemporary AF population, LA structure and function were increasingly abnormal with a greater electrical burden of AF and higher stroke risk estimated by the CHADS2 score. Moreover, LA dysfunction was present despite normal LA size and sinus rhythm, suggesting that the assessment of LA function may add important incremental information in the evaluation of AF patients. Clinical Trial Registration: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov; ID = NCT00781391. PMID:24302269

22. Engine room, as seen from starboard side, forward corner. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

22. Engine room, as seen from starboard side, forward corner. In left foreground is centrifugal water pump driven by a two-cylinder steam reciprocating engine to supply water to trim tanks. Center of view shows hot well for main engine, and at right is bottom of cylinder, condenser, and valve chest of main (walking beam) engine. X-braces in left side of image are stiffening trusses for the hull. - Steamboat TICONDEROGA, Shelburne Museum Route 7, Shelburne, Chittenden County, VT

Development of an electrically driven molecular motor.

PubMed

Murphy, Colin J; Sykes, E Charles H

2014-10-01

For molecules to be used as components in molecular machinery, methods are required that couple individual molecules to external energy sources in order to selectively excite motion in a given direction. While significant progress has been made in the construction of synthetic molecular motors powered by light and by chemical reactions, there are few experimental examples of electrically driven molecular motors. To this end, we pioneered the use of a new, stable and tunable molecular rotor system based on surface-bound thioethers to comprehensively study many aspects of molecular rotation. As biological molecular motors often operate at interfaces, our synthetic system is especially amenable to microscopic interrogation as compared to solution-based systems. Using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and density functional theory, we studied the rotation of surface-bound thioethers, which can be induced either thermally or by electrons from the STM tip in a two-terminal setup. Moreover, the temperature and electron flux can be adjusted to allow each rotational event to be monitored at the molecular scale in real time. This work culminated in the first experimental demonstration of a single-molecule electric motor, where the electrically driven rotation of a butyl methyl sulfide molecule adsorbed on a copper surface could be directionally biased. The direction and rate of the rotation are related to the chirality of both the molecule and the STM tip (which serves as the electrode), illustrating the importance of the symmetry of the metal contacts in atomic-scale electrical devices. Copyright © 2014 The Chemical Society of Japan and Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

30 CFR 18.90 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Purpose. 18.90 Section 18.90 Mineral Resources... PRODUCTS ELECTRIC MOTOR-DRIVEN MINE EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES Field Approval of Electrically Operated Mining Equipment § 18.90 Purpose. The regulations of this subpart E set forth the procedures and...

30 CFR 18.90 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Purpose. 18.90 Section 18.90 Mineral Resources... PRODUCTS ELECTRIC MOTOR-DRIVEN MINE EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES Field Approval of Electrically Operated Mining Equipment § 18.90 Purpose. The regulations of this subpart E set forth the procedures and...

30 CFR 18.90 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Purpose. 18.90 Section 18.90 Mineral Resources... PRODUCTS ELECTRIC MOTOR-DRIVEN MINE EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES Field Approval of Electrically Operated Mining Equipment § 18.90 Purpose. The regulations of this subpart E set forth the procedures and...

30 CFR 18.20 - Quality of material, workmanship, and design.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... TESTING, EVALUATION, AND APPROVAL OF MINING PRODUCTS ELECTRIC MOTOR-DRIVEN MINE EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES... facilitate inspection and maintenance. (b) MSHA will test only electrical equipment that in the opinion of... shall be accessible for field inspection, where practicable. (e) An audible warning device shall be...

30 CFR 18.96 - Preparation of machines for inspection; requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... TESTING, EVALUATION, AND APPROVAL OF MINING PRODUCTS ELECTRIC MOTOR-DRIVEN MINE EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES Field Approval of Electrically Operated Mining Equipment § 18.96 Preparation of machines for inspection... place at which a field approval investigation will be conducted with respect to any machine, the...

30 CFR 18.93 - Application for field approval; filing procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Application for field approval; filing... TESTING, EVALUATION, AND APPROVAL OF MINING PRODUCTS ELECTRIC MOTOR-DRIVEN MINE EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES Field Approval of Electrically Operated Mining Equipment § 18.93 Application for field approval; filing...

30 CFR 18.20 - Quality of material, workmanship, and design.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... TESTING, EVALUATION, AND APPROVAL OF MINING PRODUCTS ELECTRIC MOTOR-DRIVEN MINE EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES... facilitate inspection and maintenance. (b) MSHA will test only electrical equipment that in the opinion of... shall be accessible for field inspection, where practicable. (e) An audible warning device shall be...

30 CFR 18.93 - Application for field approval; filing procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Application for field approval; filing... TESTING, EVALUATION, AND APPROVAL OF MINING PRODUCTS ELECTRIC MOTOR-DRIVEN MINE EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES Field Approval of Electrically Operated Mining Equipment § 18.93 Application for field approval; filing...

30 CFR 18.96 - Preparation of machines for inspection; requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... TESTING, EVALUATION, AND APPROVAL OF MINING PRODUCTS ELECTRIC MOTOR-DRIVEN MINE EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES Field Approval of Electrically Operated Mining Equipment § 18.96 Preparation of machines for inspection... place at which a field approval investigation will be conducted with respect to any machine, the...

An improved design of axially driven permanent maglev centrifugal pump with streamlined impeller.

PubMed

Qian, K X; Zeng, P; Ru, W M; Yuan, H Y

2007-01-01

In 1839, Earnshaw proved theoretically that it is impossible to achieve a stable equilibrium with a pure permanent maglev. Furthermore, in 1939, Braunbeck deduced that it is only possible to stabilize a super conductive or an electric maglev. In 2000, however, the present authors discovered that stable levitation is achievable by a combination of permanent magnetic and nonmagnetic forces, and its stability can be maintained even with mere passive magnetic forces by use of the gyro-effect. An improved design of permanent maglev impeller pump has been developed. Passive magnetic (PM) bearings support the rotor radially; on its right side, an impeller is fixed and on its left side a motor magnets-assemble is mounted. Unlike a previous prototype design, in which the rotor magnets were driven by a motor via magnetic coupling, a motor coil is installed opposite to the motor magnets disc, producing a rotating magnetic field. At standstill or if the rotating speed is lower than 4000 rpm, the rotor has one axial point contact with the motor coil. The contact point is located at the centre of the rotor. As the rotating speed increases gradually to higher than 4000 rpm, the rotor will be drawn off from the contact point by the hydrodynamic force of the fluid. Then the rotor becomes fully suspended. For radial and peripheral stabilization, a gyro-effect is important, which is realized by designing the motor magnets disc to have large diameter, short length and high rotating speed; for axial stability, an axial rehabilitating force is necessary, which is produced by PM bearings. The rotor demonstrated a full levitation by rotation over 4000 rpm. As a left ventricular assist device, the rotation of the pump has a speed range from 5000 to 8000 rpm. The relation between pressure head and flow rate indicates that there is neither mechanical friction nor hydrodynamic turbulence inside the pump; the former is due to the frictionless maglev and the latter is a result of the streamlined design of the impeller.

Data: Mining with a Mission- Data-Driven Decision Making Is the Buzz Phrase of Choice for the New Decade. but Once We've Got the Information, How Do We Use It to Yield Results?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Salpeter, Judy

2004-01-01

For some districts, the current obsession with data grows out of the need to comply with No Child Left Behind and additional accountability-related mandates. For others, it dates way back before the phrase "data-driven decision making" rolled so frequently off the tongues of educators. In either case, there is no denying that an integral…

46 CFR 112.20-10 - Diesel or gas turbine driven emergency power source.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Diesel or gas turbine driven emergency power source. 112.20-10 Section 112.20-10 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Systems Having a Temporary and a Final Emergency...

46 CFR 112.20-10 - Diesel or gas turbine driven emergency power source.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Diesel or gas turbine driven emergency power source. 112.20-10 Section 112.20-10 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Systems Having a Temporary and a Final Emergency...

46 CFR 112.20-10 - Diesel or gas turbine driven emergency power source.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Diesel or gas turbine driven emergency power source. 112.20-10 Section 112.20-10 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Systems Having a Temporary and a Final Emergency...

Advanced motor driven clamped borehole seismic receiver

DOEpatents

Engler, B.P.; Sleefe, G.E.; Striker, R.P.

1993-02-23

A borehole seismic tool is described including a borehole clamp which only moves perpendicular to the borehole. The clamp is driven by an electric motor, via a right angle drive. When used as a seismic receiver, the tool has a three part housing, two of which are hermetically sealed. Accelerometers or geophones are mounted in one hermetically sealed part, the electric motor in the other hermetically sealed part, and the clamp and right angle drive in the third part. Preferably the tool includes cable connectors at both ends. Optionally a shear plate can be added to the clamp to extend the range of the tool.

Wind power demonstration and siting problems. [for recharging electrically driven automobiles

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bergey, K. H.

1973-01-01

Technical and economic feasibility studies on a small windmill to provide overnight charging for an electrically driven car are reported. The auxiliary generator provides power for heating and cooling the vehicle which runs for 25 miles on battery power alone, and for 50 miles with the onboard charger operating. The blades for this windmill have a diameter of 12 feet and are coupled through to a conventional automobile alternator so that they are able to completely recharge car batteries in 8 hours. Optimization of a windmill/storage system requires detailed wind velocity information which permits rational sitting of wind power system stations.

Quantitative Analysis of Electro-Anatomical Maps: Application to an Experimental Model of Left Bundle Branch Block/Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy

PubMed Central

Duchateau, Nicolas; Kostantyn Butakov, Constantine Butakoff; Andreu, David; Fernández-Armenta, Juan; Bijnens, Bart; Berruezo, Antonio; Sitges, Marta; Camara, Oscar

2017-01-01

Electro-anatomical maps (EAMs) are commonly acquired in clinical routine for guiding ablation therapies. They provide voltage and activation time information on a 3-D anatomical mesh representation, making them useful for analyzing the electrical activation patterns in specific pathologies. However, the variability between the different acquisitions and anatomies hampers the comparison between different maps. This paper presents two contributions for the analysis of electrical patterns in EAM data from biventricular surfaces of cardiac chambers. The first contribution is an integrated automatic 2-D disk representation (2-D bull’s eye plot) of the left ventricle (LV) and right ventricle (RV) obtained with a quasi-conformal mapping from the 3-D EAM meshes, that allows an analysis of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) lead positioning, interpretation of global (total activation time), and local indices (local activation time (LAT), surrogates of conduction velocity, inter-ventricular, and transmural delays) that characterize changes in the electrical activation pattern. The second contribution is a set of indices derived from the electrical activation: speed maps, computed from LAT values, to study the electrical wave propagation, and histograms of isochrones to analyze regional electrical heterogeneities in the ventricles. We have applied the proposed methods to look for the underlying physiological mechanisms of left bundle branch block (LBBB) and CRT, with the goal of optimizing the therapy by improving CRT response. To better illustrate the benefits of the proposed tools, we created a set of synthetically generated and fully controlled activation patterns, where the proposed representation and indices were validated. Then, the proposed analysis tools are used to analyze EAM data from an experimental swine model of induced LBBB with an implanted CRT device. We have analyzed and compared the electrical activation patterns at baseline, LBBB, and CRT stages in four animals: two without any structural disease and two with an induced infarction. By relating the CRT lead location with electrical dyssynchrony, we evaluated current hypotheses about lead placement in CRT and showed that optimal pacing sites should target the RV lead close to the apex and the LV one distant from it. PMID:29164019

Reliable fuzzy H∞ control for active suspension of in-wheel motor driven electric vehicles with dynamic damping

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shao, Xinxin; Naghdy, Fazel; Du, Haiping

2017-03-01

A fault-tolerant fuzzy H∞ control design approach for active suspension of in-wheel motor driven electric vehicles in the presence of sprung mass variation, actuator faults and control input constraints is proposed. The controller is designed based on the quarter-car active suspension model with a dynamic-damping-in-wheel-motor-driven-system, in which the suspended motor is operated as a dynamic absorber. The Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy model is used to model this suspension with possible sprung mass variation. The parallel-distributed compensation (PDC) scheme is deployed to derive a fault-tolerant fuzzy controller for the T-S fuzzy suspension model. In order to reduce the motor wear caused by the dynamic force transmitted to the in-wheel motor, the dynamic force is taken as an additional controlled output besides the traditional optimization objectives such as sprung mass acceleration, suspension deflection and actuator saturation. The H∞ performance of the proposed controller is derived as linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) comprising three equality constraints which are solved efficiently by means of MATLAB LMI Toolbox. The proposed controller is applied to an electric vehicle suspension and its effectiveness is demonstrated through computer simulation.

Enhancement of Survival and Electricity Production in an Engineered Bacterium by Light-Driven Proton Pumping▿ †

PubMed Central

Johnson, Ethan T.; Baron, Daniel B.; Naranjo, Belén; Bond, Daniel R.; Schmidt-Dannert, Claudia; Gralnick, Jeffrey A.

2010-01-01

Microorganisms can use complex photosystems or light-dependent proton pumps to generate membrane potential and/or reduce electron carriers to support growth. The discovery that proteorhodopsin is a light-dependent proton pump that can be expressed readily in recombinant bacteria enables development of new strategies to probe microbial physiology and to engineer microbes with new light-driven properties. Here, we describe functional expression of proteorhodopsin and light-induced changes in membrane potential in the bacterium Shewanella oneidensis strain MR-1. We report that there were significant increases in electrical current generation during illumination of electrochemical chambers containing S. oneidensis expressing proteorhodopsin. We present evidence that an engineered strain is able to consume lactate at an increased rate when it is illuminated, which is consistent with the hypothesis that proteorhodopsin activity enhances lactate uptake by increasing the proton motive force. Our results demonstrate that there is coupling of a light-driven process to electricity generation in a nonphotosynthetic engineered bacterium. Expression of proteorhodopsin also preserved the viability of the bacterium under nutrient-limited conditions, providing evidence that fulfillment of basic energy needs of organisms may explain the widespread distribution of proteorhodopsin in marine environments. PMID:20453141

Enhancement of survival and electricity production in an engineered bacterium by light-driven proton pumping.

PubMed

Johnson, Ethan T; Baron, Daniel B; Naranjo, Belén; Bond, Daniel R; Schmidt-Dannert, Claudia; Gralnick, Jeffrey A

2010-07-01

Microorganisms can use complex photosystems or light-dependent proton pumps to generate membrane potential and/or reduce electron carriers to support growth. The discovery that proteorhodopsin is a light-dependent proton pump that can be expressed readily in recombinant bacteria enables development of new strategies to probe microbial physiology and to engineer microbes with new light-driven properties. Here, we describe functional expression of proteorhodopsin and light-induced changes in membrane potential in the bacterium Shewanella oneidensis strain MR-1. We report that there were significant increases in electrical current generation during illumination of electrochemical chambers containing S. oneidensis expressing proteorhodopsin. We present evidence that an engineered strain is able to consume lactate at an increased rate when it is illuminated, which is consistent with the hypothesis that proteorhodopsin activity enhances lactate uptake by increasing the proton motive force. Our results demonstrate that there is coupling of a light-driven process to electricity generation in a nonphotosynthetic engineered bacterium. Expression of proteorhodopsin also preserved the viability of the bacterium under nutrient-limited conditions, providing evidence that fulfillment of basic energy needs of organisms may explain the widespread distribution of proteorhodopsin in marine environments.

Design and Economic Analysis of a Heating/Absorption Cooling System Operating with Municipal Solid Waste Digester: A Case Study of Gazi University

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Coşar, Gökhan; Pooyanfar, Mirparham; Amirabedin, Ehsan; Topal, Hüseyin

2013-12-01

Recovering energy from municipal solid waste (MSW) is one of the most important issues of energy management in developed countries. This raises even more interest as world fossil fuel reserves diminish and fuel prices rise. Being one of main processes of waste disposal, anaerobic digestion can be used as a means to reduce fossil fuel and electricity consumption as well as reducing emissions. With growing demand for cooling in Turkey, especially during warm seasons and considering the energy costs, utilizing heat-driven absorption cooling systems coupled with an anaerobic digester for local cooling purposes is a potentially interesting alternative for electricity driven compression cooling. The aim of this article is to study the viability of utilizing biogas obtained from MSW anaerobic digestion as the main fuel for heating facilities of Gazi University, Turkey and also the energy source for an absorption cooling system designed for the central library of the aforementioned campus. The results prove that the suggested system is sustainably and financially appealing and has the potential to replace the conventional electricity driven cooling systems with a reasonable net present worth; moreover, it can notably reduce carbon dioxide emissions.

Anti-Le-Chatelet behavior driven by strong natural light

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Antonyuk, B. P.

2007-01-01

We show that strong incoherent broad band light causes positive feedback in response to a static electric field in random media: electric current flows in opposite to a voltage drop direction; static polarization is induced in opposition to an applied electric field. This type of the electron motion amplifies the external action revealing anti-Le-Chatelet behavior. The applied static electric field is amplified up to the domain of optical damage of a silica glass ≈10 7 V/cm.

An Analytical Performance Assessment of a Fuel Cell-powered, Small Electric Airplane

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Berton, Jeffrey J.; Freeh, Joshua E.; Wickenheiser, Timothy J.

2003-01-01

Rapidly emerging fuel cell power technologies may be used to launch a new revolution of electric propulsion systems for light aircraft. Future small electric airplanes using fuel cell technologies hold the promise of high reliability, low maintenance, low noise, and with exception of water vapor zero emissions. This paper describes an analytical feasibility and performance assessment conducted by NASA's Glenn Research Center of a fuel cell-powered, propeller-driven, small electric airplane based on a model of the MCR 01 two-place kitplane.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation of the left angular gyrus during encoding does not impair associative memory performance.

PubMed

Koen, Joshua D; Thakral, Preston P; Rugg, Michael D

2018-06-05

The left angular gyrus (AG) is thought to play a critical role in episodic retrieval and has been implicated in the recollection of specific details of prior episodes. Motivated by recent fMRI studies in which it was reported that elevated neural activity in left AG during study is predictive of subsequent associative memory, the present study investigated whether the region plays a causal role in associative memory encoding. Participants underwent online transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) while encoding word pairs prior to an associative memory test. We predicted that TMS to left AG during encoding would result in reduced subsequent memory accuracy, especially for estimates of recollection. The results did not support this prediction: estimates of both recollection and familiarity-driven recognition were essentially identical for words pairs encoded during TMS to left AG relative to a vertex control site. These results suggest that the left AG may not play a necessary role in associative memory encoding. TMS to left AG did however affect confidence for incorrect 'intact' judgments to rearranged pairs and incorrect 'rearranged' judgments to intact pairs. These findings suggest that the left AG supports encoding processes that contribute to aspects of subjective mnemonic experience.

Evaluation of lightning accommodation systems for wind-driven turbine rotors

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bankaitis, H.

1982-01-01

Wind-driven turbine generators are being evaluated as an alternative source of electric energy. Areas of favorable location for the wind-driven turbines (high wind density) coincide with areas of high incidence of thunderstorm activity. These locations, coupled with the 30-m or larger diameter rotor blades, make the wind-driven turbine blades probable terminations for lightning strikes. Several candidate systems of lightning accommodation for composite-structural-material blades were designed and their effectiveness evaluated by submitting the systems to simulated lightning strikes. The test data were analyzed and system design were reviewed on the basis of the analysis.

Stroke volume obtained by electrical interrogation of the brachial artery: transbrachial electrical bioimpedance velocimetry.

PubMed

Bernstein, Donald P; Henry, Isaac C; Banet, Mathew J; Dittrich, Teri

2012-04-01

The goal of this study is to measure left ventricular stroke volume (SV) from the brachial artery (BA) using electrical bioimpedance. Doppler-derived SV was used for comparison. Twenty-nine healthy adults were recruited for study. Doppler echocardiographic-derived SV was obtained from the product of distal left ventricular outflow tract cross-sectional area and systolic velocity integral. SV from the BA was obtained by transbrachial electrical bioimpedance velocimetry (TBEV). Application of a current field across the left brachium was effected by injection of a constant magnitude, high frequency, low amperage, alternating current. Therein, a static voltage (U(0)) and pulsatile voltage change (ΔU(t)) were measured and converted to their corresponding impedances, Z(0) and ΔZ(t). TBEV-derived SV was obtained by multiplying a square root value of the normalized, acceleration-based, peak first time derivative of ΔZ(t) by a volume conductor and systolic flow time. Inter-method agreement was determined by the Bland-Altman method. To assess the contribution of blood resistivity variations to ΔZ(t), BA diameters were measured at end-diastole and peak systolic expansion. Results indicate that since the BA demonstrates parabolic, laminar flow, with minimal diameter changes, blood resistivity variations are likely responsible for the derived impedance changes. Bland-Altman analysis shows that SV is obtainable by TBEV from healthy humans at rest. © 2012 Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine

Interlead distance and left ventricular lead electrical delay predict reverse remodeling during cardiac resynchronization therapy.

PubMed

Merchant, Faisal M; Heist, E Kevin; Nandigam, K Veena; Mulligan, Lawrence J; Blendea, Dan; Riedl, Lindsay; McCarty, David; Orencole, Mary; Picard, Michael H; Ruskin, Jeremy N; Singh, Jagmeet P

2010-05-01

Both anatomic interlead separation and left ventricle lead electrical delay (LVLED) have been associated with outcomes following cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). However, the relationship between interlead distance and electrical delay in predicting CRT outcomes has not been defined. We studied 61 consecutive patients undergoing CRT for standard clinical indications. All patients underwent intraprocedural measurement of LVLED. Interlead distances in the horizontal (HD), vertical (VD), and direct (DD) dimensions were measured from postprocedure chest radiographs (CXR). Remodeling indices [percent change in left ventricle (LV) ejection fraction, end-diastolic, end-systolic dimensions] were assessed by transthoracic echocardiogram. There was a positive correlation between corrected LVLED and HD on lateral CXR (r = 0.361, P = 0.004) and a negative correlation between LVLED and VD on posteroanterior (PA) CXR (r =-0.281, P = 0.028). To account for this inverse relationship, we developed a composite anatomic distance (defined as: lateral HD-PA VD), which correlated most closely with LVLED (r = 0.404, P = 0.001). Follow-up was available for 48 patients. At a mean of 4.1 +/- 3.2 months, patients with optimal values for both corrected LVLED (>or=75%) and composite anatomic distance (>or=15 cm) demonstrated greater reverse LV remodeling than patients with either one or neither of these optimized values. We identified a significant correlation between LV-right ventricular interlead distance and LVLED; additionally, both parameters act synergistically in predicting LV anatomic reverse remodeling. Efforts to optimize both interlead distance and electrical delay may improve CRT outcomes.

Training to use voice onset time as a cue to talker identification induces a left-ear/right-hemisphere processing advantage.

PubMed

Francis, Alexander L; Driscoll, Courtney

2006-09-01

We examined the effect of perceptual training on a well-established hemispheric asymmetry in speech processing. Eighteen listeners were trained to use a within-category difference in voice onset time (VOT) to cue talker identity. Successful learners (n=8) showed faster response times for stimuli presented only to the left ear than for those presented only to the right. The development of a left-ear/right-hemisphere advantage for processing a prototypically phonetic cue supports a model of speech perception in which lateralization is driven by functional demands (talker identification vs. phonetic categorization) rather than by acoustic stimulus properties alone.

Intrinsic Dawn-Dusk Asymmetry of Magnetotail Thin Current Sheet

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lu, S.; Pritchett, P. L.; Angelopoulos, V.; Artemyev, A.

2017-12-01

Magnetic reconnection and its related phenomena (flux ropes, dipolarization fronts, bursty bulk flows, particle injections, etc.) occur more frequently on the duskside in the Earth's magnetotail. Magnetohydrodynamic simulations attributed the asymmetry to the nonuniform ionospheric conductance through global scale magnetosphere-ionosphere interaction. Hybrid simulations, on the other hand, found an alternative responsible mechanism: the Hall effect in the magnetotail thin current sheet, but left an open question: What is the physical origin of the asymmetric Hall effect? The answer could be the temperature difference on the two sides and/or the dawn-dusk transportation of magnetic flux and plasmas. In this work, we use 3-D particle-in-cell simulations to further explore the magnetotail dawn-dusk asymmetry. The magnetotail equilibrium contains a dipole magnetic field and a current sheet region. The simulation is driven by a symmetric and localized (in the y direction) high-latitude electric field, under which the current sheet thins with a decrease of Bz. During the same time, a dawn-dusk asymmetry is formed intrinsically in the thin current sheet, with a smaller Bz, a stronger Hall effect (indicated by the Hall electric field Ez), and a stronger cross-tail current jy on the duskside. The deep origin of the asymmetry is also shown to be dominated by the dawnward E×B drift of magnetic flux and plasmas. A direct consequence of this intrinsic dawn-dusk asymmetry is that it favors magnetotail reconnection and related phenomena to preferentially occur on the duskside.

Surface morphology effects in a vibration based triboelectric energy harvester

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nafari, A.; Sodano, H. A.

2018-01-01

Despite the abundance of ambient mechanical energy in our environment, it is often neglected and left unused. However, recent studies have demonstrated that mechanical vibrations can be harvested and used to power small wireless electronic devices, such as micro electromechanical sensors (MEMS) and actuators. Most commonly, these energy harvesters convert vibration into electrical energy by utilizing piezoelectric, electromagnetic or electrostatic effects. Recently, triboelectric based energy harvesters have shown to be among the simplest and most cost-effective techniques for scavenging mechanical energy. The basis of triboelectric energy harvesters is the periodic contact and separation of two surfaces with opposite triboelectric properties which results in induced charge flow through an external load. Here, a vibration driven triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is fabricated and the effect of micro/nano scale surface modification is studied. The TENG produces electrical energy on the basis of periodic out-of-plane charge separation between gold and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with opposite triboelectric charge polarities. By introducing micro/nano scale surface modifications to the PDMS and gold, the TENG’s power output is further enhanced. This work demonstrates that the morphology of the surfaces in a TENG device is important and by increasing the effective surface area through micro/nano scale modification, the power output of the device can increase by 118%. Moreover, it is shown that unlike many TENGs proposed in the literature, the fabricated device has a high RMS open circuit voltage and short circuit current and can perform for an extended period of time.

30 CFR 18.62 - Tests to determine explosion-proof characteristics.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... TESTING, EVALUATION, AND APPROVAL OF MINING PRODUCTS ELECTRIC MOTOR-DRIVEN MINE EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES... be varied. Motor armatures and/or rotors will be stationary in some tests and revolving in others... electrical components during some of the tests. Not less than 16 explosion tests shall be conducted; however...

30 CFR 18.48 - Circuit-interrupting devices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

..., AND APPROVAL OF MINING PRODUCTS ELECTRIC MOTOR-DRIVEN MINE EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES Construction and.... Such a switch shall be designed to prevent electrical connection to the machine frame when the cable is... motor in the event the belt is stopped, or abnormally slowed down. Note: Short transfer-type conveyors...

Intracerebral stimulation of left and right ventral temporal cortex during object naming.

PubMed

Bédos Ulvin, Line; Jonas, Jacques; Brissart, Hélène; Colnat-Coulbois, Sophie; Thiriaux, Anne; Vignal, Jean-Pierre; Maillard, Louis

2017-12-01

While object naming is traditionally considered asa left hemisphere function, neuroimaging studies have reported activations related to naming in the ventral temporal cortex (VTC) bilaterally. Our aim was to use intracerebral electrical stimulation to specifically compare left and right VTC in naming. In twenty-three epileptic patients tested for visual object naming during stimulation, the proportion of naming impairments was significantly higher in the left than in the right VTC (31.3% vs 13.6%). The highest proportions of positive naming sites were found in the left fusiform gyrus and occipito-temporal sulcus (47.5% and 31.8%). For 17 positive left naming sites, an additional semantic picture matching was carried out, always successfully performed. Our results showed the enhanced role of the left compared to the right VTC in naming and suggest that it may be involved in lexical retrieval rather than in semantic processing. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

On the impact of self-clearing on electroactive polymer (EAP) actuators

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ahmed, Saad; Ounaies, Zoubeida; Lanagan, Michael T.

2017-10-01

Electroactive polymer (EAP)-based actuators have large potential for a wide array of applications; however, their practical implementation is still a challenge because of the requirement of high driving voltage, which most often leads to premature defect-driven electrical breakdown. Polymer-based capacitors have the ability to clear defects with partial electrical breakdown and subsequent removal of a localized electrode section near the defect. In this study, this process, which is known as self-clearing, is adopted for EAP technologies. We report a methodical approach to self-clear an EAP, more specifically P(VDF-TrFE-CTFE) terpolymer, to delay premature defect-driven electrical breakdown of the terpolymer actuators at high operating electric fields. Breakdown results show that electrical breakdown strength is improved up to 18% in comparison to a control sample after self-clearing. Furthermore, the electromechanical performance in terms of blocked force and free displacement of P(VDF-TrFE-CTFE) terpolymer-based bending actuators are examined after self-clearing and precleared samples show improved blocked force, free displacement and maximum sustainable electric field compared to control samples. The study demonstrates that controlled self-clearing of EAPs improves the breakdown limit and reliability of the EAP actuators for practical applications without impeding their electromechanical performance.

Electric field driven evolution of topological domain structure in hexagonal manganites

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, K. L.; Zhang, Y.; Zheng, S. H.; Lin, L.; Yan, Z. B.; Liu, J.-M.; Cheong, S.-W.

2017-10-01

Controlling and manipulating the topological state represents an important topic in condensed matters for both fundamental researches and applications. In this work, we focus on the evolution of a real-space topological domain structure in hexagonal manganites driven by electric field, using the analytical and numerical calculations based on the Ginzburg-Landau theory. It is revealed that the electric field drives a transition of the topological domain structure from the type-I pattern to the type-II one. In particular, it is identified that a high electric field can enforce the two antiphase-plus-ferroelectric (AP +FE ) domain walls with Δ Φ =π /3 to approach each other and to merge into one domain wall with Δ Φ = 2 π /3 eventually if the electric field is sufficiently high, where Δ Φ is the difference in the trimerization phase between two neighboring domains. Our simulations also reveal that the vortex cores of the topological structure can be disabled at a sufficiently high critical electric field by suppressing the structural trimerization therein, beyond which the vortex core region is replaced by a single ferroelectric domain without structural trimerization (Q = 0 ). Our results provide a stimulating reference for understanding the manipulation of real-space topological domain structure in hexagonal manganites.

The Effects of Electroacupuncture on Cyclophosphamide-Induced Emesis in Ferrets.

DTIC Science & Technology

1996-07-01

Other studies conducted by Dundee’s group showed that acupressure and transcutaneous electrical stimulation ( TENS ) of the same acupoints also benefited...typically left in place for 20-30 minutes. The effects of acupuncture may be augmented with electrical stimulation (EA) and/or heat (e.g. moxibustion). Side...electrodes (Grass) were attached to the end of the needles and electrical stimulation was applied (the EA parameters will be described in detail later

64. ELECTRIC MOTOR HAYES STREET POWERHOUSE 1905: Photocopy ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

64. ELECTRIC MOTOR - HAYES STREET POWERHOUSE - 1905: Photocopy of April 1905 photograph showing an early electric motor installation used to drive the winding machinery at the Hayes Street powerhouse of the United Railroads of San Francsico. A portion of the steam engine originally used to power the machinery is visible behind the winding sheave in the left background of the photograph. - San Francisco Cable Railway, Washington & Mason Streets, San Francisco, San Francisco County, CA

PROCESS WATER BUILDING, TRA605, INTERIOR. FIRST FLOOR. ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT IN ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

PROCESS WATER BUILDING, TRA-605, INTERIOR. FIRST FLOOR. ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT IN LEFT HALF OF VIEW. CAMERA IS IN NORTHWEST CORNER FACING SOUTHEAST. INL NEGATIVE NO. HD46-27-1. Mike Crane, Photographer, 2/2005 - Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Test Reactor Area, Materials & Engineering Test Reactors, Scoville, Butte County, ID

46. Photocopy of scale drawing (from Station 'L' office files, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

46. Photocopy of scale drawing (from Station 'L' office files, Portland, Oregon) Portland General Electric in house drawing, 1937 PIPING ARRANGEMENT OF BOILER #16 BUILDING LB SHOWN IN ELEVATION (LEFT), PLAN (TOP RIGHT) AND ELEVATION (BOTTOM RIGHT) - Portland General Electric Company, Station "L", 1841 Southeast Water Street, Portland, Multnomah County, OR

42. Photocopy of scale drawing (from Station 'L' office files, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

42. Photocopy of scale drawing (from Station 'L' office files, Portland, Oregon) Portland General Electric in house drawing, 3/1/1927 SECTION (LEFT), ELEVATION (TOP RIGHT) AND PLAN (BOTTOM RIGHT) OF BOILER #13 BUILDING L4 - Portland General Electric Company, Station "L", 1841 Southeast Water Street, Portland, Multnomah County, OR

132. WEST SIDE OF MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL ROOM (210), LSB ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

132. WEST SIDE OF MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL ROOM (210), LSB (BLDG. 751), QUALITY CONTROL BOARD ON LEFT. SOUTH SIDE OF TRANSFORMER ROOM (212) ON RIGHT SIDE OF PHOTOGRAPH, THROUGH OPEN DOORS. - Vandenberg Air Force Base, Space Launch Complex 3, Launch Pad 3 East, Napa & Alden Roads, Lompoc, Santa Barbara County, CA

77 FR 41041 - Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing Company Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-12

... terminal ``A'' of the electrically heated flight deck window 1. This AD requires repetitive inspections for damage of the electrical connections at terminal ``A'' of the left and right flight deck window 1, and corrective actions if necessary. This AD also allows for replacing a flight deck window 1 with a new improved...

18. NORTH SIDE OF CONTROL ROOM SHOWING MAIN ELECTRIC PANEL ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

18. NORTH SIDE OF CONTROL ROOM SHOWING MAIN ELECTRIC PANEL ON LEFT, SIGNAL SWITCH BOX IN CENTER, AND SIGNAL RELAYS ON RIGHT. RESISTOR BANK BEHIND ON RIGHT. BRIDGE TENDER'S DESK BEHIND ON SOUTH SIDE. (Fred Small) - Burlington Northern Railroad Bridge, Spanning Willamette River at River Mile 6.9, Portland, Multnomah County, OR

Electroosmotic Flow Driven by DC and AC Electric Fields in Curved Microchannels

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Jia-Kun; Luo, Win-Jet; Yang, Ruey-Jen

2006-10-01

The purpose of this study is to investigate electroosmotic flows driven by externally applied DC and AC electric fields in curved microchannels. For the DC electric driving field, the velocity distribution and secondary flow patterns are investigated in microchannels with various curvature ratios. We use the Dean number to describe the curvature effect of the flow field in DC electric field. The result implies that the effect of curvatures and the strength of the secondary flows become get stronger when the curvature ratio of C/A (where C is the radius of curvature of the microchannel and A is the half-height of rectangular curved tube.) is smaller. For the AC electric field, the velocity distribution and secondary flow patterns are investigated for driving frequencies in the range of 2.0 kHz (\\mathit{Wo}=0.71) to 11 kHz (\\mathit{Wo}=1.66). The numerical results reveal that the velocity at the center of the microchannel becomes lower at higher frequencies of the AC electric field and the strength of the secondary flow decreases. When the applied frequency exceeds 3.0 kHz (\\mathit{Wo}=0.87), vortices are no longer observed at the corners of the microchannel. Therefore, it can be concluded that the secondary flow induced at higher AC electric field frequencies has virtually no effect on the axial flow field in the microchannel.

Left-right asymmetry specification in amphioxus: review and prospects.

PubMed

Soukup, Vladimir

2017-01-01

Extant bilaterally symmetrical animals usually show asymmetry in the arrangement of their inner organs. However, the exaggerated left-right (LR) asymmetry in amphioxus represents a true peculiarity among them. The amphioxus larva shows completely disparate fates of left and right body sides, so that organs associated with pharynx are either positioned exclusively on the left or on the right side. Moreover, segmented paraxial structures such as muscle blocks and their neuronal innervation show offset arrangement between the sides making it difficult to propose any explanation or adaptivity to larval and adult life. First LR asymmetries can be traced back to an early embryonic period when morphological asymmetries are preceded by molecular asymmetries driven by the action of the Nodal signaling pathway. This review sums up recent advances in understanding LR asymmetry specification in amphioxus and proposes upstream events that may regulate asymmetric Nodal signaling. These events include the presence of the vertebrate-like LR organizer and a cilia-driven fluid flow that may be involved in the breaking of bilateral symmetry. The upstream pathways comprising the ion flux, Delta/Notch, Wnt/β-catenin and Wnt/PCP are hypothesized to regulate both formation of the LR organizer and expression of the downstream Nodal signaling pathway genes. These suggestions are in line with what we know from vertebrate and ambulacrarian LR axis specification and are directly testable by experimental manipulations. Thanks to the phylogenetic position of amphioxus, the proposed mechanisms may be helpful in understanding the evolution of LR axis specification across deuterostomes.

Electrokinetically driven microfluidic mixing with patchwise surface heterogeneity and AC applied electric field

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Luo, Win-Jet; Yue, Cheng-Feng

2004-12-01

This paper investigates two-dimensional, time-dependent electroosmotic flows driven by an AC electric field via patchwise surface heterogeneities distributed along the microchannel walls. The time-dependent flow fields through the microchannel are simulated for various patchwise heterogeneous surface patterns using the backwards-Euler time stepping numerical method. Different heterogeneous surface patterns are found to create significantly different electrokinetic transport phenomena. It is shown that the presence of oppositely charged surface heterogeneities on the microchannel walls results in the formation of localized flow circulations within the bulk flow. These circulation regions grow and decay periodically in accordance with the applied periodic AC electric field intensity. The circulations provide an effective means of enhancing species mixing in the microchannel. A suitable design of the patchwise heterogeneous surface pattern permits the mixing channel length and the retention time required to attain a homogeneous solution to be reduced significantly.

High-velocity, multistage, nozzled, ion driven wind generator and method of operation of the same adaptable to mesoscale realization

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rickard, Matthew J. A. (Inventor); Dunn-Rankin, Derek (Inventor)

2011-01-01

Gas flows of modest velocities are generated when an organized ion flux in an electric field initiates an ion-driven wind of neutral molecules. When a needle in ambient air is electrically charged to a potential sufficient to produce a corona discharge near its tip, such a gas flow can be utilized downstream of a ring-shaped or other permeable earthed electrode. In view of the potential practical applications of such devices, as they represent blowers with no moving parts, a methodology for increasing their flow velocities includes exploitation of the divergence of electric field lines, avoidance of regions of high curvature on the second electrode, control of atmospheric humidity, and the use of linear arrays of stages, terminating in a converging nozzle. The design becomes particularly advantageous when implemented in mesoscale domains.

Fuel cell system

DOEpatents

Early, Jack; Kaufman, Arthur; Stawsky, Alfred

1982-01-01

A fuel cell system is comprised of a fuel cell module including sub-stacks of series-connected fuel cells, the sub-stacks being held together in a stacked arrangement with cold plates of a cooling means located between the sub-stacks to function as electrical terminals. The anode and cathode terminals of the sub-stacks are connected in parallel by means of the coolant manifolds which electrically connect selected cold plates. The system may comprise a plurality of the fuel cell modules connected in series. The sub-stacks are designed to provide a voltage output equivalent to the desired voltage demand of a low voltage, high current DC load such as an electrolytic cell to be driven by the fuel cell system. This arrangement in conjunction with switching means can be used to drive a DC electrical load with a total voltage output selected to match that of the load being driven. This arrangement eliminates the need for expensive voltage regulation equipment.

Thermally and electrically controllable multiple high harmonics generation by harmonically driven quasi-two-dimensional electron gas

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Maglevanny, I. I.; Smolar, V. A.; Karyakina, T. I.

2018-06-01

In this paper, we consider the activation processes in nonlinear meta-stable system based on a lateral (quasi-two-dimensional) superlattice and study the dynamics of such a system externally driven by a harmonic force. The internal control parameters are the longitudinal applied electric field and the sample temperature. The spontaneous transverse electric field is considered as an order parameter. The forced violations of order parameter are considered as a response of a system to periodic driving. We investigate the cooperative effects of self-organization and high harmonic forcing from the viewpoint of catastrophe theory and show the possibility of generation of third and higher odd harmonics in output signal that lead to distortion of its wave front. A higher harmonics detection strategy is further proposed and explained in detail by exploring the influences of system parameters on the response output of the system that are discussed through numerical simulations.

Experimental results on current-driven turbulence in plasmas - a survey

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

de Kluiver, H.; Perepelkin, N. F.; Hirose, A.

1991-01-01

The experimental consequences of plasma turbulence driven by a current parallel to a magnetic field and concurrent anomalous plasma heating are reviewed, with an attempt to deduce universalities in key parameters such as the anomalous electrical conductivities observed in diverse devices. It has been found that the nature of plasma turbulence and turbulent heating depends on several parameters including the electric field, current and magnetic fields. A classification of turbulence regimes based on these parameters has been made. Experimental observations of the anomalous electrical conductivity, plasma heating, skin effect, runaway electron braking and turbulent fluctuations are surveyed, and current theoretical understanding is briefly reviewed. Experimental results recently obtained in stellarators (SIRIUS, URAGAN at Kharkov), and in tokamaks (TORTUR at Nieuwegein, STOR-1M at Saskatoon) are presented in some detail in the light of investigating the feasibility of using turbulent heating as a means of injecting a large power into toroidal devices.

Unique Use of Cross-Finger Flap for Reconstruction of an Index Fingertip Electrical Injury

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-01-01

5-0 nylon suture (Figures 3, 4). A full thickness (FT) skin graft was harvested from the left groin and was used to cover the donor long finger...following day and returned for weekly wound examinations. The tie-over bolster was removed from the FT skin graft of the left dorsal middle finger on

Restored Moonwalk Footage Release

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-07-15

NASA moderator Mark Hess, left, directs reporters' questions to former Westinghouse Electric program manager Stan Lebar, second from left, team lead and Goddard engineer Richard Nafzger and president of Lowry Digital Mike Inchalik, far right, at a NASA briefing where restored Apollo 11 moonwalk footage was revealed for the first time at the Newseum, Thursday, July 16, 2009, in Washington, DC. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

32. TYPICAL BRYANT ITEMS FROM THE 1930S; TOP ROW LEFT ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

32. TYPICAL BRYANT ITEMS FROM THE 1930S; TOP ROW LEFT TO RIGHT: PORCELAIN CASED SWITCH, ROTARY SWITCH, SHORTING PLUG TO BYPASS FUSE; SECOND ROW: BRASS INCANDESCENT LAMP SURFACE RECEPTACLE, INCANDESCENT LAMPHOLDER WITH ADAPTER FOR GLASS GLOBE; THIRD ROW: PORCELAIN BASE ROTARY SWITCH, APPLIANCE BREAKER WITH COVER REMOVED, APPLIANCE BREAKER - Bryant Electric Company, 1421 State Street, Bridgeport, Fairfield County, CT

10. BOILER #16 (BUILDING L8) TO LEFT, L.P. AND H.P. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

10. BOILER #16 (BUILDING L8) TO LEFT, L.P. AND H.P. BOILER ROOMS (BUILDINGS L4 AND L2) TO RIGHT, AND STEPHENS SUBSTATION (BUILDING L6) IN BACKGROUND, FROM THE ROOF OF THE POWERHOUSE EXTENSION (BUILDING L5) - Portland General Electric Company, Station "L", 1841 Southeast Water Street, Portland, Multnomah County, OR

Within compound, from Gate House, looking northwest, Power Plant (Building ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Within compound, from Gate House, looking northwest, Power Plant (Building 5761) to left, Electrical Substation (Building 5770) and Supply Warehouse (Building 5768) center, Satellite Communications Terminal (Building 5771) to far left - Beale Air Force Base, Perimeter Acquisition Vehicle Entry Phased-Array Warning System, End of Spencer Paul Road, north of Warren Shingle Road (14th Street), Marysville, Yuba County, CA

Giant Electric Field Enhancement in Split Ring Resonators Featuring Nanometer-Sized Gaps

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bagiante, S.; Enderli, F.; Fabiańska, J.; Sigg, H.; Feurer, T.

2015-01-01

Today's pulsed THz sources enable us to excite, probe, and coherently control the vibrational or rotational dynamics of organic and inorganic materials on ultrafast time scales. Driven by standard laser sources THz electric field strengths of up to several MVm-1 have been reported and in order to reach even higher electric field strengths the use of dedicated electric field enhancement structures has been proposed. Here, we demonstrate resonant electric field enhancement structures, which concentrate the incident electric field in sub-diffraction size volumes and show an electric field enhancement as high as ~14,000 at 50 GHz. These values have been confirmed through a combination of near-field imaging experiments and electromagnetic simulations.

Machine finishes balls to high degree of roundness

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Angele, W.; Hill, J. P., Jr.

1972-01-01

Machine was developed to finish ball to roundness within 12.5 nm (half a microinch) from any types of hard material. Grinding and polishing to this tolerance is accomplished by lapping elements on four to six motor-driven spindles. Spindles are adjustably spring-loaded to ensure constant contact pressure on ball and are driven by variable speed electric motors.

A mobile Sn nanowire inside a β-Ga2 O3 tube: a practical nanoscale electrically/thermally driven switch.

PubMed

Zou, Rujia; Zhang, Zhenyu; Tian, Qiwei; Ma, Guanxing; Song, Guosheng; Chen, Zhigang; Hu, Junqing

2011-12-02

Nanoelectromechanical system switches are seen as key devices for fast switching in communication networks since they can be switched between transmitting and receiving states with an electrostatic command. Herein, the fabrication of practical, nanoscale electrically/thermally driven switches is reported based on a mobile Sn nanowire inside a β-Ga2 O3 tube. The melting point of Sn inside the Ga2 O3 tube is found to be as low as 58 °C-far below the value of bulk Sn (231.89 °C)-and its crystal phase (β-Sn) remains unchanged even at temperatures as low as -170 °C. Thus a miniaturization of the unique wide-temperature-range thermometer based on the linear thermal expansion of liquid Sn fillings in the Ga2 O3 tube is realized. In addition, the electrical properties of the Sn-nanowire-filled β-Ga2 O3 tubes are carefully determined: importantly, the resistance demonstrates a sudden drop (rise) when two Sn nanowires contact (separate), due to the thermally driven motion of the liquid Sn fillings inside the tube. Thus this structure can be switched between its on and off states by controlling the motion, merging or splitting, of the Sn nanowires inside the tube, either electrically, by applying a current, or thermally, at a predetermined temperature. Copyright © 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Complex Pattern Formation from Current-Driven Dynamics of Single-Layer Homoepitaxial Islands on Crystalline Conducting Substrates

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kumar, Ashish; Dasgupta, Dwaipayan; Maroudas, Dimitrios

2017-07-01

We report a systematic study of complex pattern formation resulting from the driven dynamics of single-layer homoepitaxial islands on surfaces of face-centered-cubic (fcc) crystalline conducting substrates under the action of an externally applied electric field. The analysis is based on an experimentally validated nonlinear model of mass transport via island edge atomic diffusion, which also accounts for edge diffusional anisotropy. We analyze the morphological stability and simulate the field-driven evolution of rounded islands for an electric field oriented along the fast edge diffusion direction. For larger-than-critical island sizes on {110 } and {100 } fcc substrates, we show that multiple necking instabilities generate complex island patterns, including not-simply-connected void-containing islands mediated by sequences of breakup and coalescence events and distributed symmetrically with respect to the electric field direction. We analyze the dependence of the formed patterns on the original island size and on the duration of application of the external field. Starting from a single large rounded island, we characterize the evolution of the number of daughter islands and their average size and uniformity. The evolution of the average island size follows a universal power-law scaling relation, and the evolution of the total edge length of the islands in the complex pattern follows Kolmogorov-Johnson-Mehl-Avrami kinetics. Our study makes a strong case for the use of electric fields, as precisely controlled macroscopic forcing, toward surface patterning involving complex nanoscale features.

Investigating the functional neuroanatomy of concrete and abstract word processing through direct electric stimulation (DES) during awake surgery.

PubMed

Orena, E F; Caldiroli, D; Acerbi, F; Barazzetta, I; Papagno, C

2018-06-05

Neuropsychological, neuroimaging and electrophysiological studies demonstrate that abstract and concrete word processing relies not only on the activity of a common bilateral network but also on dedicated networks. The neuropsychological literature has shown that a selective sparing of abstract relative to concrete words can be documented in lesions of the left anterior temporal regions. We investigated concrete and abstract word processing in 10 patients undergoing direct electrical stimulation (DES) for brain mapping during awake surgery in the left hemisphere. A lexical decision and a concreteness judgment task were added to the neuropsychological assessment during intra-operative monitoring. On the concreteness judgment, DES delivered over the inferior frontal gyrus significantly decreased abstract word accuracy while accuracy for concrete words decreased when the anterior temporal cortex was stimulated. These results are consistent with a lexical-semantic model that distinguishes between concrete and abstract words related to different neural substrates in the left hemisphere.

Left Atrial 4D Blood Flow Dynamics and Hemostasis following Electrical Cardioversion of Atrial Fibrillation.

PubMed

Cibis, Merih; Lindahl, Tomas L; Ebbers, Tino; Karlsson, Lars O; Carlhäll, Carl-Johan

2017-01-01

Background: Electrical cardioversion in patients with atrial fibrillation is followed by a transiently impaired atrial mechanical function, termed atrial stunning. During atrial stunning, a retained risk of left atrial thrombus formation exists, which may be attributed to abnormal left atrial blood flow patterns. 4D Flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) enables blood flow assessment from the entire three-dimensional atrial volume throughout the cardiac cycle. We sought to investigate left atrial 4D blood flow patterns and hemostasis during left atrial stunning and after left atrial mechanical function was restored. Methods: 4D Flow and morphological CMR data as well as blood samples were collected in fourteen patients at two time-points: 2-3 h (Time-1) and 4 weeks (Time-2) following cardioversion. The volume of blood stasis and duration of blood stasis were calculated. In addition, hemostasis markers were analyzed. Results: From Time-1 to Time-2: Heart rate decreased (61 ± 7 vs. 56 ± 8 bpm, p = 0.01); Maximum change in left atrial volume increased (8 ± 4 vs. 22 ± 15%, p = 0.009); The duration of stasis (68 ± 11 vs. 57 ± 8%, p = 0.002) and the volume of stasis (14 ± 9 vs. 9 ± 7%, p = 0.04) decreased; Thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT) decreased (5.2 ± 3.3 vs. 3.3 ± 2.2 μg/L, p = 0.008). A significant correlation was found between TAT and the volume of stasis ( r 2 = 0.69, p < 0.001) at Time-1 and between TAT and the duration of stasis ( r 2 = 0.34, p = 0.04) at Time-2. Conclusion: In this longitudinal study, left atrial multidimensional blood flow was altered and blood stasis was elevated during left atrial stunning compared to the restored left atrial mechanical function. The coagulability of blood was also elevated during atrial stunning. The association between blood stasis and hypercoagulability proposes that assessment of left atrial 4D flow can add to the pathophysiological understanding of thrombus formation during atrial fibrillation related atrial stunning.

Injury Source and Correlation Analysis of Riders in Car-Electric Bicycle Accidents

PubMed Central

Yi, Liang; Hu, Lin; Li, Yuelin

2018-01-01

The knowledge about the injury source and correlation of riders in car-electric bicycle accident will be helpful in the cross validation of traces and vehicle safety design. In order to know more information about such kind of knowledge, 57 true car-electric bicycle accidents were reconstructed by PC-Crash and then data on injury information of riders were collected directly from the reconstructed cases. These collected data were validated by some existing research results firstly, and then 4 abnormal cases were deleted according to the statistical method. Finally, conclusions can be obtained according to the data obtained from the remaining 53 cases. Direct injuries of the head and right leg are from the road pavement upon low speed; the source laws of indirect head injuries are not obvious. Upon intermediate and high speed, the injuries of the above parts are from automobiles. Injuries of the left leg, femur, and right knee are from automobiles; left knee injuries are from automobiles, the road pavement and automobiles, respectively, upon low, intermediate, and high speed. The source laws of indirect torso injuries are not obvious upon intermediate and low speed, which are from automobiles upon high speed, while direct torso injuries are from the road pavement. And there is no high correlation between all parts of the injury of riders. The largest correlation coefficient was the head-left femur and left femur-right femur, which was 0.647, followed by the head-right femur (0.638) and head-torso which was 0.617. PMID:29849757

Content Standards: High Stakes Anti-Differentiation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schroeder-Davis, Stephen

2011-01-01

Currently, American schooling, driven by No Child Left Behind (NCLB) and standardized tests, emphasizes development of intelligence. Because of this, teachers must heavily emphasize acquisition of foundational information (facts) in lectures, assessments, and of course, time-consuming test preparation, at the expense of intellect, that…

Magnetic storms and induction hazards

USGS Publications Warehouse

Love, Jeffrey J.; Rigler, E. Joshua; Pulkkinen, Antti; Balch, Christopher

2014-01-01

Magnetic storms are potentially hazardous to the activities and technological infrastructure of modern civilization. This reality was dramatically demonstrated during the great magnetic storm of March 1989, when surface geoelectric fields, produced by the interaction of the time-varying geomagnetic field with the Earth's electrically conducting interior, coupled onto the overlying Hydro-Québec electric power grid in Canada. Protective relays were tripped, the grid collapsed, and about 9 million people were temporarily left without electricity [Bolduc, 2002].

Propulsion system for a motor vehicle using a bidirectional energy converter

DOEpatents

Tamor, Michael Alan; Gale, Allan Roy

1999-01-01

A motor vehicle propulsion system includes an electrical energy source and a traction motor coupled to receive electrical energy from the electrical energy source. The system also has a first bus provided electrical energy by the electrical energy source and a second bus of relatively lower voltage than the first bus. In addition, the system includes an electrically-driven source of reaction gas for the electrical energy source, the source of reaction gas coupled to receive electrical energy from the first bus. Also, the system has an electrical storage device coupled to the second bus for storing electrical energy at the lower voltage. The system also includes a bidirectional energy converter coupled to convert electrical energy from the first bus to the second bus and from the second bus to the first bus.

Small, Optically-Driven Power Source

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cockrum, Richard H.; Wang, Ke-Li J.

1988-01-01

Power transmitted along fiber-optic cables. Transmitted as infrared light along fiber-optic cable, converted to electricity to supply small electronic circuit. Power source and circuit remains electrically isolated from each other for safety or reduces electromagnetic interference. Array of diodes made by standard integrated-circuit techniques and packaged for mounting at end of fiber-optic cable.

Fuel Cell Vehicle Basics | NREL

Science.gov Websites

Fuel Cell Vehicle Basics Fuel Cell Vehicle Basics Researchers are developing fuel cells that can be silver four-door sedan being driven on a roadway and containing the words "hydrogen fuel cell electric" across the front and rear doors. This prototype hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle was

Demodulation circuit for AC motor current spectral analysis

DOEpatents

Hendrix, Donald E.; Smith, Stephen F.

1990-12-18

A motor current analysis method for the remote, noninvasive inspection of electric motor-operated systems. Synchronous amplitude demodulation and phase demodulation circuits are used singly and in combination along with a frequency analyzer to produce improved spectral analysis of load-induced frequencies present in the electric current flowing in a motor-driven system.

Numerical study of enhanced mixing in pressure-driven flows in microchannels using a spatially periodic electric field

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Krishnaveni, T.; Renganathan, T.; Picardo, J. R.; Pushpavanam, S.

2017-09-01

We propose an innovative mechanism for enhancing mixing in steady pressure driven flow of an electrolytic solution in a straight rectangular microchannel. A transverse electric field is used to generate an electroosmotic flow across the cross-section. The resulting flow field consists of a pair of helical vortices that transport fluid elements along the channel. We show, through numerical simulations, that chaotic advection may be induced by periodically varying the direction of the applied electric field along the channel length. This periodic electric field generates a longitudinally varying, three-dimensional steady flow, such that the streamlines in the first half of the repeating unit cell intersect those in the second half, when projected onto the cross-section. Mixing is qualitatively characterized by tracking passive particles and obtaining Poincaré maps. For quantification of the extent of mixing, Shannon entropy is calculated using particle advection of a binary mixture. The convection diffusion equation is also used to track the evolution of a scalar species and quantify the mixing efficiency as a function of the Péclet number.

Numerical study of enhanced mixing in pressure-driven flows in microchannels using a spatially periodic electric field.

PubMed

Krishnaveni, T; Renganathan, T; Picardo, J R; Pushpavanam, S

2017-09-01

We propose an innovative mechanism for enhancing mixing in steady pressure driven flow of an electrolytic solution in a straight rectangular microchannel. A transverse electric field is used to generate an electroosmotic flow across the cross-section. The resulting flow field consists of a pair of helical vortices that transport fluid elements along the channel. We show, through numerical simulations, that chaotic advection may be induced by periodically varying the direction of the applied electric field along the channel length. This periodic electric field generates a longitudinally varying, three-dimensional steady flow, such that the streamlines in the first half of the repeating unit cell intersect those in the second half, when projected onto the cross-section. Mixing is qualitatively characterized by tracking passive particles and obtaining Poincaré maps. For quantification of the extent of mixing, Shannon entropy is calculated using particle advection of a binary mixture. The convection diffusion equation is also used to track the evolution of a scalar species and quantify the mixing efficiency as a function of the Péclet number.

Combined electroosmotically and pressure driven flow in soft nanofluidics.

PubMed

Matin, Meisam Habibi; Ohshima, Hiroyuki

2015-12-15

The present study is devoted to the analysis of mixed electroosmotic and pressure driven flows through a soft charged nanochannel considering boundary slip and constant charge density on the walls of the slit channel. The sources of the fluid flow are the pressure gradient along the channel axis and the electrokinetic effects that trigger an electroosmotic flow under the influence of a uniformly applied electric field. The polyelectrolyte layer (PEL) is denoted as a fixed charge layer (FCL) and the electrolyte ions can be present both inside and outside the PEL i.e., the PEL-electrolyte interface acts as a semi-penetrable membrane. The Poisson-Boltzmann equation is solved assuming the Debye-Hückel linearization for the low electric potential to provide us with analytical closed form solutions for the conservation equations. The conservation equations are solved to obtain the electric potential and velocity distributions in terms of governing dimensionless parameters. The results for the dimensionless electric potential, the dimensionless velocity and Poiseuille number are presented graphically and discussed in detail. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Strong Nonvolatile Magnon-Driven Magnetoelectric Coupling in Single-Crystal Co /[PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3] 0.71[PbTiO3]0.29 Heterostructures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhou, Cai; Shen, Lvkang; Liu, Ming; Gao, Cunxu; Jia, Chenglong; Jiang, Changjun

2018-01-01

The ability to manipulate the magnetism on interfacing ferromagnetic and ferroelectric materials via electric fields to achieve an emergent multiferroic response has enormous potential for nanoscale devices with novel functionalities. Herein, a strong electric-field control of the magnetism modulation is reported for a single-crystal Co (14 nm )/(001 )Pb (Mg1/3Nb2/3) 0.7Ti0.3O3 (PMN-PT) heterostructure by fabricating an epitaxial Co layer on a PMN-PT substrate. Electric-field-tuned ferromagnetic resonance exhibits a large resonance field shift, with a 120-Oe difference between that under positive and negative remanent polarizations, which demonstrates nonvolatile electric-field control of the magnetism. Further, considering the complexity of the twofold symmetry magnetic anisotropy, the linear change of the fourfold symmetry magnetic anisotropy, relating to the single-crystal cubic magnetocrystal anisotropy of the Co thin film, is resolved and quantified to exert a magnon-driven, strong direct magnetoelectric effect on the Co /PMN -PT interface. These results are promising for future multiferroic devices.

Mechanisms of arrhythmogenesis related to calcium-driven alternans in a model of human atrial fibrillation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chang, Kelly C.; Trayanova, Natalia A.

2016-11-01

The occurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with progressive changes in the calcium handling system of atrial myocytes. Calcium cycling instability has been implicated as an underlying mechanism of electrical alternans observed in patients who experience AF. However, the extent to which calcium-induced alternation of electrical activity in the atria contributes to arrhythmogenesis is unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of calcium-driven alternans (CDA) on arrhythmia susceptibility in a biophysically detailed, 3D computer model of the human atria representing electrical and structural remodeling secondary to chronic AF. We found that elevated propensity to CDA rendered the atria vulnerable to ectopy-induced arrhythmia. It also increased the complexity and persistence of arrhythmias induced by fast pacing, with unstable scroll waves meandering and frequently breaking up to produce multiple wavelets. Our results suggest that calcium-induced electrical instability may increase arrhythmia vulnerability and promote increasing disorganization of arrhythmias in the chronic AF-remodeled atria, thus playing an important role in the progression of the disease.

Runaway tails in magnetized plasmas

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Moghaddam-Taaheri, E.; Vlahos, L.; Rowland, H. L.; Papadopoulos, K.

1985-01-01

The evolution of a runaway tail driven by a dc electric field in a magnetized plasma is analyzed. Depending on the strength of the electric field and the ratio of plasma to gyrofrequency, there are three different regimes in the evolution of the tail. The tail can be (1) stable with electrons accelerated to large parallel velocities, (2) unstable to Cerenkov resonance because of the depletion of the bulk and the formation of a positive slope, (3) unstable to the anomalous Doppler resonance instability driven by the large velocity anisotropy in the tail. Once an instability is triggered (Cerenkov or anomalous Doppler resonance) the tail relaxes into an isotropic distribution. The role of a convection type loss term is also discussed.

Muscle-driven nanogenerators

DOEpatents

Wang, Zhong L [Marietta, GA; Yang, Rusen [Atlanta, GA

2011-03-01

In a method of generating electricity, a plurality of living cells are grown on an array of piezoelectric nanowires so that the cells engage the piezoelectric nanowires. Induced static potentials are extracted from at least one of the piezoelectric nanowires when at least one of the cells deforms the at least one of the piezoelectric nanowires. A cell-driven electrical generator that includes a substrate and a plurality of spaced-apart piezoelectric nanowires disposed on the substrate. A plurality of spaced-apart conductive electrodes interact with the plurality of piezoelectric nanowires. A biological buffer layer that is configured to promote growth of cells is disposed on the substrate so that cells placed on the substrate will grow and engage the piezoelectric nanowires.

Physics of Efficiency Droop in GaN:Eu Light-Emitting Diodes.

PubMed

Fragkos, Ioannis E; Dierolf, Volkmar; Fujiwara, Yasufumi; Tansu, Nelson

2017-12-01

The internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of an electrically-driven GaN:Eu based device for red light emission is analyzed in the framework of a current injection efficiency model (CIE). The excitation path of the Eu +3 ion is decomposed in a multiple level system, which includes the carrier transport phenomena across the GaN/GaN:Eu/GaN active region of the device, and the interactions among traps, Eu +3 ions and the GaN host. The identification and analysis of the limiting factors of the IQE are accomplished through the CIE model. The CIE model provides a guidance for high IQE in the electrically-driven GaN:Eu based red light emitters.

Nuclear electric propulsion operational reliability and crew safety study: NEP systems/modeling report

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Karns, James

1993-01-01

The objective of this study was to establish the initial quantitative reliability bounds for nuclear electric propulsion systems in a manned Mars mission required to ensure crew safety and mission success. Finding the reliability bounds involves balancing top-down (mission driven) requirements and bottom-up (technology driven) capabilities. In seeking this balance we hope to accomplish the following: (1) provide design insights into the achievability of the baseline design in terms of reliability requirements, given the existing technology base; (2) suggest alternative design approaches which might enhance reliability and crew safety; and (3) indicate what technology areas require significant research and development to achieve the reliability objectives.

Direct-current nanogenerator driven by ultrasonic waves.

PubMed

Wang, Xudong; Song, Jinhui; Liu, Jin; Wang, Zhong Lin

2007-04-06

We have developed a nanowire nanogenerator that is driven by an ultrasonic wave to produce continuous direct-current output. The nanogenerator was fabricated with vertically aligned zinc oxide nanowire arrays that were placed beneath a zigzag metal electrode with a small gap. The wave drives the electrode up and down to bend and/or vibrate the nanowires. A piezoelectric-semiconducting coupling process converts mechanical energy into electricity. The zigzag electrode acts as an array of parallel integrated metal tips that simultaneously and continuously create, collect, and output electricity from all of the nanowires. The approach presents an adaptable, mobile, and cost-effective technology for harvesting energy from the environment, and it offers a potential solution for powering nanodevices and nanosystems.

Adaptive Formation Control of Electrically Driven Nonholonomic Mobile Robots With Limited Information.

PubMed

Bong Seok Park; Jin Bae Park; Yoon Ho Choi

2011-08-01

We present a leader-follower-based adaptive formation control method for electrically driven nonholonomic mobile robots with limited information. First, an adaptive observer is developed under the condition that the velocity measurement is not available. With the proposed adaptive observer, the formation control part is designed to achieve the desired formation and guarantee the collision avoidance. In addition, neural network is employed to compensate the actuator saturation, and the projection algorithm is used to estimate the velocity information of the leader. It is shown, by using the Lyapunov theory, that all errors of the closed-loop system are uniformly ultimately bounded. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed control system.

Modelling of piezoelectric actuator dynamics for active structural control

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hagood, Nesbitt W.; Chung, Walter H.; Von Flotow, Andreas

1990-01-01

The paper models the effects of dynamic coupling between a structure and an electrical network through the piezoelectric effect. The coupled equations of motion of an arbitrary elastic structure with piezoelectric elements and passive electronics are derived. State space models are developed for three important cases: direct voltage driven electrodes, direct charge driven electrodes, and an indirect drive case where the piezoelectric electrodes are connected to an arbitrary electrical circuit with embedded voltage and current sources. The equations are applied to the case of a cantilevered beam with surface mounted piezoceramics and indirect voltage and current drive. The theoretical derivations are validated experimentally on an actively controlled cantilevered beam test article with indirect voltage drive.

Asymmetric Brownian motor driven by bubble formation in a hydrophobic channel.

PubMed

Arai, Noriyoshi; Yasuoka, Kenji; Koishi, Takahiro; Ebisuzaki, Toshikazu

2010-10-26

The "asymmetric brownian ratchet model" is a variation of Feynman's ratchet and pawl system proposed. In this model, a system consisting of a motor and a rail has two binding states. One is the random brownian state, and the other is the asymmetric potential state. When the system is alternatively switched between these states, the motor can be driven in one direction. This model is believed to explain nanomotor behavior in biological systems. The feasibility of the model has been demonstrated using electrical and magnetic forces; however, switching of these forces is unlikely to be found in biological systems. In this paper, we propose an original mechanism of transition between states by bubble formation in a nanosized channel surrounded by hydrophobic atoms. This amounts to a nanoscale motor system using bubble propulsion. The motor system consists of a hydrophobic motor and a rail on which hydrophobic patterns are printed. Potential asymmetry can be produced by using a left-right asymmetric pattern shape. Hydrophobic interactions are believed to play an important role in the binding of biomolecules and molecular recognition. The bubble formation is controlled by changing the width of the channel by an atomic distance (∼0.1 nm). Therefore, the motor is potentially more efficient than systems controlled by other forces, in which a much larger change in the motor position is necessary. We have simulated the bubble-powered motor using dissipative particle dynamics and found behavior in good agreement with that of motor proteins. Energy efficiency is as high as 60%.

4. WEST FACADE, DOOR LEADING TO THE ELECTRICAL ROOM ON ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

4. WEST FACADE, DOOR LEADING TO THE ELECTRICAL ROOM ON RIGHT. THE DOOR TO THE LEFT IS THE WEST ENTRANCE TO THE CATWALK LOCATED OVER THE STORAGE TANKS. - Rocky Mountain Arsenal, Tank House, Quadrant 1, approximately 1000 feet South of December Seventh Avenue; 2200 feet East of D Street, Commerce City, Adams County, CO

76 FR 68634 - Airworthiness Directives; General Electric Company (GE) CF6 Turbofan Engines

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-07

... Airworthiness Directives; General Electric Company (GE) CF6 Turbofan Engines AGENCY: Federal Aviation... ``(c) This AD applies to * * * and CF6-80A3 turbofan engines with left-hand links * * *.'' to ``(c) This AD applies to * * * and CF6-80A3 turbofan engines, including engines marked on the engine data...

40. Photocopy of scale drawing (from Station 'L' office files, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

40. Photocopy of scale drawing (from Station 'L' office files, Portland, Oregon) Portland General Electric in house drawing, 12/6/1927 ELEVATION (TOP), SECTION (BOTTOM LEFT) AND PLAN (BOTTOM RIGHT) OF THE STEAM PIPING LEADING TO BOILER #13 BUILDING L4 - Portland General Electric Company, Station "L", 1841 Southeast Water Street, Portland, Multnomah County, OR

75 FR 39804 - Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing Company Model 757 Airplanes, Model 767 Airplanes, and Model...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-13

... of the electrical terminal at the left and right flightdeck window 1, and corrective actions if necessary. This AD also allows for replacing the flightdeck window 1 with a new improved flightdeck window... flightdeck window 1. This AD results from several reports of electrical arcs at the terminal blocks of the...

Quantum dynamics of light-driven chiral molecular motors.

PubMed

Yamaki, Masahiro; Nakayama, Shin-ichiro; Hoki, Kunihito; Kono, Hirohiko; Fujimura, Yuichi

2009-03-21

The results of theoretical studies on quantum dynamics of light-driven molecular motors with internal rotation are presented. Characteristic features of chiral motors driven by a non-helical, linearly polarized electric field of light are explained on the basis of symmetry argument. The rotational potential of the chiral motor is characterized by a ratchet form. The asymmetric potential determines the directional motion: the rotational direction is toward the gentle slope of the asymmetric potential. This direction is called the intuitive direction. To confirm the unidirectional rotational motion, results of quantum dynamical calculations of randomly-oriented molecular motors are presented. A theoretical design of the smallest light-driven molecular machine is presented. The smallest chiral molecular machine has an optically driven engine and a running propeller on its body. The mechanisms of transmission of driving forces from the engine to the propeller are elucidated by using a quantum dynamical treatment. The results provide a principle for control of optically-driven molecular bevel gears. Temperature effects are discussed using the density operator formalism. An effective method for ultrafast control of rotational motions in any desired direction is presented with the help of a quantum control theory. In this method, visible or UV light pulses are applied to drive the motor via an electronic excited state. A method for driving a large molecular motor consisting of an aromatic hydrocarbon is presented. The molecular motor is operated by interactions between the induced dipole of the molecular motor and the electric field of light pulses.

Integrated engine-generator concept for aircraft electric secondary power

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Secunde, R. R.; Macosko, R. P.; Repas, D. S.

1972-01-01

The integrated engine-generator concept of locating an electric generator inside an aircraft turbojet or turbofan engine concentric with, and driven by, one of the main engine shafts is discussed. When properly rated, the generator can serve as an engine starter as well as a generator of electric power. The electric power conversion equipment and generator controls are conveniently located in the aircraft. Preliminary layouts of generators in a large engine together with their physical sizes and weights indicate that this concept is a technically feasible approach to aircraft secondary power.

Electric-field driven jetting from dielectric liquids

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jayasinghe, S. N.; Edirisinghe, M. J.

2004-11-01

Three dielectric (electrical conductivity ˜10-13Sm-1) Newtonian liquids with viscosity in the range 1-100 mPa s were passed through a needle at a controlled flow rate under the influence of an electric field. At an electric field strength of 1.5kV/mm, the liquid exiting the needle instantaneously transformed from dripping droplets to an elliptically pendent droplet from the apex of which a fine jet evolved. Thus, a jet can be obtained on demand, and in this letter we define this phenomenon and explain a basis for it.

Optimizing Facility Configurations and Operating Conditions for Improved Performance in the NASA Ames 24 Inch Shock Tube

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bogdanoff, David W.; Cruden, Brett A.

2016-01-01

The Ames Electric Arc Shock Tube (EAST) is a shock tube wherein the driver gas can be heated by an electric arc discharge. The electrical energy is stored in a 1.2 MJ capacitor bank. Four inch and 24 inch diameter driven tubes are available. The facility is described and the need for testing in the 24 inch tube to better simulate low density NASA mission profiles is discussed. Three test entries, 53, 53B and 59, are discussed. Tests are done with air or Mars gas (95.7% CO2/2.7% N2/1.6% Ar) at pressures of 0.01 to 0.14 Torr. Velocities spanned 6.3-9.2 km/s, with a nominal center of 7 km/s. Many facility configurations are studied in an effort to improve data quality. Various driver and driven tube configurations and the use of a buffer section between the driver and the driven tube are studied. Diagnostics include test times, time histories of the shock light pulses and tilts of the shock wave off the plane normal to the tube axis. The report will detail the results of the various trials, give the best configuration/operating conditions found to date and provide recommendations for further improvements. Finally, diaphragm performance is discussed.

Magnetic structures and excitations in a multiferroic Y-type hexaferrite BaSrCo 2 Fe 11 AlO 22

DOE PAGES

Nakajima, Taro; Tokunaga, Yusuke; Matsuda, Masaaki; ...

2016-11-30

Here, we have investigated magnetic orders and excitations in a Y-type hexaferrite BaSrCo 2Fe 11AlO 22 (BSCoFAO), which was reported to exhibit spin-driven ferroelectricity at room temperature. By means of magnetization, electric polarization, and neutron-diffraction measurements using single-crystal samples, we establish a H-T magnetic phase diagram for magnetic field perpendicular to the c axis (H ⟂c). This system exhibits an alternating longitudinal conical (ALC) magnetic structure in the ground state, and it turns into a non-co-planar commensurate magnetic order with spin-driven ferroelectricity under H ⟂c. The field-induced ferroelectric phase remains as a metastable state after removing magnetic field below 250more » K. This metastability is the key to understanding of magnetic field reversal of the spin-driven electric polarization in this system. Inelastic polarized neutron-scattering measurements in the ALC phase reveal a magnetic excitation at around 7.5 meV, which is attributed to spin components oscillating in a plane perpendicular to the cone axis. This phasonlike excitation is expected to be an electric-field active magnon, i.e., electromagnon excitation, in terms of the magnetostriction mechanism.« less

Fluid Flow and Mass Transfer in Micro/Nano-Channels

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Conlisk, A. T.; McFerran, Jennifer; Hansford, Derek; Zheng, Zhi

2001-11-01

In this work the fluid flow and mass transfer due to the presence of an electric field in a rectangular channel is examined. We consider a mixture of water or other neutral solvent and a salt compound such as sodium chloride for which the ionic species are entirely dissociated. Results are produced for the case where the channel height is much greater than the electric double layer(EDL)(microchannel) and for the case where the channel height is of the order or somewhat greater than the width of the EDL(nanochannel). For the electroosmotic flow so induced, the velocity field and the potential are similar. The fluid is assumed to behave as a continuum and the Boltzmann distribution for the mole fractions of the ions emerges from the classical dilute mass transfer equation in the limiting case where the EDL thickness is much less than the channel height. Depending on the relative magnitude of the mole fractions at the walls of the channel, both forward and reversed flow may occur. The volume flow rate is observed to vary linearly with channel height for electrically driven flow in contrast to pressure driven flow which varies as height cubed. This means that power requirements for small channels are much greater for pressure driven flow. Supported by DARPA

Algorithms and architecture for multiprocessor based circuit simulation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Deutsch, J.T.

Accurate electrical simulation is critical to the design of high performance integrated circuits. Logic simulators can verify function and give first-order timing information. Switch level simulators are more effective at dealing with charge sharing than standard logic simulators, but cannot provide accurate timing information or discover DC problems. Delay estimation techniques and cell level simulation can be used in constrained design methods, but must be tuned for each application, and circuit simulation must still be used to generate the cell models. None of these methods has the guaranteed accuracy that many circuit designers desire, and none can provide detailed waveformmore » information. Detailed electrical-level simulation can predict circuit performance if devices and parasitics are modeled accurately. However, the computational requirements of conventional circuit simulators make it impractical to simulate current large circuits. In this dissertation, the implementation of Iterated Timing Analysis (ITA), a relaxation-based technique for accurate circuit simulation, on a special-purpose multiprocessor is presented. The ITA method is an SOR-Newton, relaxation-based method which uses event-driven analysis and selective trace to exploit the temporal sparsity of the electrical network. Because event-driven selective trace techniques are employed, this algorithm lends itself to implementation on a data-driven computer.« less

Magnetic structures and excitations in a multiferroic Y-type hexaferrite BaSrCo2Fe11AlO22

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nakajima, Taro; Tokunaga, Yusuke; Matsuda, Masaaki; Dissanayake, Sachith; Fernandez-Baca, Jaime; Kakurai, Kazuhisa; Taguchi, Yasujiro; Tokura, Yoshinori; Arima, Taka-hisa

2016-11-01

We have investigated magnetic orders and excitations in a Y-type hexaferrite BaSrCo2Fe11AlO22 (BSCoFAO), which was reported to exhibit spin-driven ferroelectricity at room temperature [S. Hirose, K. Haruki, A. Ando, and T. Kimura, Appl. Phys. Lett. 104, 022907 (2014), 10.1063/1.4862432]. By means of magnetization, electric polarization, and neutron-diffraction measurements using single-crystal samples, we establish a H -T magnetic phase diagram for magnetic field perpendicular to the c axis (H⊥c). This system exhibits an alternating longitudinal conical (ALC) magnetic structure in the ground state, and it turns into a non-co-planar commensurate magnetic order with spin-driven ferroelectricity under H⊥c. The field-induced ferroelectric phase remains as a metastable state after removing magnetic field below ˜250 K. This metastability is the key to understanding of magnetic field reversal of the spin-driven electric polarization in this system. Inelastic polarized neutron-scattering measurements in the ALC phase reveal a magnetic excitation at around 7.5 meV, which is attributed to spin components oscillating in a plane perpendicular to the cone axis. This phasonlike excitation is expected to be an electric-field active magnon, i.e., electromagnon excitation, in terms of the magnetostriction mechanism.

Complex Pattern Formation from Current-Driven Dynamics of Single-Layer Epitaxial Islands on Crystalline Conducting Substrates

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kumar, Ashish; Dasgupta, Dwaipayan; Maroudas, Dimitrios

We report a systematic study of complex pattern formation resulting from the driven dynamics of single-layer homoepitaxial islands on face-centered cubic (FCC) crystalline conducting substrate surfaces under the action of an externally applied electric field. The analysis is based on an experimentally validated nonlinear model of mass transport via island edge atomic diffusion, which also accounts for edge diffusional anisotropy. We analyze the morphological stability and simulate the field-driven evolution of rounded islands for an electric field oriented along the fast diffusion direction. For larger than critical island sizes on {110} and {100} FCC substrates, we show that multiple necking instabilities generate complex island patterns, including void-containing islands, mediated by sequences of breakup and coalescence events and distributed symmetrically with respect to the electric field direction. We analyze the dependence of the formed patterns on the original island size and on the duration of application of the external field. Starting from a single large rounded island, we characterize the evolution of the number of daughter islands and their average size and uniformity. The analysis reveals that the pattern formation kinetics follows a universal scaling relation. Division of Materials Sciences & Engineering, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy (Award No.: DE-FG02-07ER46407).

Review on the Modeling of Electrostatic MEMS

PubMed Central

Chuang, Wan-Chun; Lee, Hsin-Li; Chang, Pei-Zen; Hu, Yuh-Chung

2010-01-01

Electrostatic-driven microelectromechanical systems devices, in most cases, consist of couplings of such energy domains as electromechanics, optical electricity, thermoelectricity, and electromagnetism. Their nonlinear working state makes their analysis complex and complicated. This article introduces the physical model of pull-in voltage, dynamic characteristic analysis, air damping effect, reliability, numerical modeling method, and application of electrostatic-driven MEMS devices. PMID:22219707

Elucidating the electron transport in semiconductors via Monte Carlo simulations: an inquiry-driven learning path for engineering undergraduates

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Persano Adorno, Dominique; Pizzolato, Nicola; Fazio, Claudio

2015-09-01

Within the context of higher education for science or engineering undergraduates, we present an inquiry-driven learning path aimed at developing a more meaningful conceptual understanding of the electron dynamics in semiconductors in the presence of applied electric fields. The electron transport in a nondegenerate n-type indium phosphide bulk semiconductor is modelled using a multivalley Monte Carlo approach. The main characteristics of the electron dynamics are explored under different values of the driving electric field, lattice temperature and impurity density. Simulation results are presented by following a question-driven path of exploration, starting from the validation of the model and moving up to reasoned inquiries about the observed characteristics of electron dynamics. Our inquiry-driven learning path, based on numerical simulations, represents a viable example of how to integrate a traditional lecture-based teaching approach with effective learning strategies, providing science or engineering undergraduates with practical opportunities to enhance their comprehension of the physics governing the electron dynamics in semiconductors. Finally, we present a general discussion about the advantages and disadvantages of using an inquiry-based teaching approach within a learning environment based on semiconductor simulations.

Ionizing gas breakdown waves in strong electric fields.

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Klingbeil, R.; Tidman, D. A.; Fernsler, R. F.

1972-01-01

A previous analysis by Albright and Tidman (1972) of the structure of an ionizing potential wave driven through a dense gas by a strong electric field is extended to include atomic structure details of the background atoms and radiative effects, especially, photoionization. It is found that photoionization plays an important role in avalanche propagation. Velocities, electron densities, and temperatures are presented as a function of electric field for both negative and positive breakdown waves in nitrogen.

Harnessing electrical forces for separation. Capillary zone electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing, field-flow fractionation, split-flow thin-cell continuous-separation and other techniques.

PubMed

Giddings, J C

1989-10-20

A simple analysis, first presented twenty years ago, showed that the effectiveness of a field-driven separation like electrophoresis, as expressed by the maximum number of theoretical plates (N), is given by the dimensionless ratio of two energies N = -delta mu ext/2RT in which -delta mu ext is the electrical potential energy drop of a charged species and RT is the thermal energy (R is the gas constant and T is the absolute temperature). Quantity -delta mu ext is the product of the force F acting on the species and the path length X of separation. The exceptional power of electrophoresis, for which often N approximately 10(6), can be traced directly to the enormous magnitude of the electrical force F. This paper explores the fundamentals underlying several different means for utilizing these powerful electrical forces for separation, including capillary zone electrophoresis, gel electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing, electrical field-flow fractionation and split-flow thin continuous separation cells. Remarkably, the above equation and its relatives are found to describe the approximate performance of all these diverse electrically driven systems. Factors affecting both the resolving power and separation speed of the systems are addressed; from these considerations some broad optimization criteria emerge. The capabilities of the different methods are compared using numerical examples.

Analytic expressions for ULF wave radiation belt radial diffusion coefficients

PubMed Central

Ozeke, Louis G; Mann, Ian R; Murphy, Kyle R; Jonathan Rae, I; Milling, David K

2014-01-01

We present analytic expressions for ULF wave-derived radiation belt radial diffusion coefficients, as a function of L and Kp, which can easily be incorporated into global radiation belt transport models. The diffusion coefficients are derived from statistical representations of ULF wave power, electric field power mapped from ground magnetometer data, and compressional magnetic field power from in situ measurements. We show that the overall electric and magnetic diffusion coefficients are to a good approximation both independent of energy. We present example 1-D radial diffusion results from simulations driven by CRRES-observed time-dependent energy spectra at the outer boundary, under the action of radial diffusion driven by the new ULF wave radial diffusion coefficients and with empirical chorus wave loss terms (as a function of energy, Kp and L). There is excellent agreement between the differential flux produced by the 1-D, Kp-driven, radial diffusion model and CRRES observations of differential electron flux at 0.976 MeV—even though the model does not include the effects of local internal acceleration sources. Our results highlight not only the importance of correct specification of radial diffusion coefficients for developing accurate models but also show significant promise for belt specification based on relatively simple models driven by solar wind parameters such as solar wind speed or geomagnetic indices such as Kp. Key Points Analytic expressions for the radial diffusion coefficients are presented The coefficients do not dependent on energy or wave m value The electric field diffusion coefficient dominates over the magnetic PMID:26167440

Temporal Code-Driven Stimulation: Definition and Application to Electric Fish Signaling

PubMed Central

Lareo, Angel; Forlim, Caroline G.; Pinto, Reynaldo D.; Varona, Pablo; Rodriguez, Francisco de Borja

2016-01-01

Closed-loop activity-dependent stimulation is a powerful methodology to assess information processing in biological systems. In this context, the development of novel protocols, their implementation in bioinformatics toolboxes and their application to different description levels open up a wide range of possibilities in the study of biological systems. We developed a methodology for studying biological signals representing them as temporal sequences of binary events. A specific sequence of these events (code) is chosen to deliver a predefined stimulation in a closed-loop manner. The response to this code-driven stimulation can be used to characterize the system. This methodology was implemented in a real time toolbox and tested in the context of electric fish signaling. We show that while there are codes that evoke a response that cannot be distinguished from a control recording without stimulation, other codes evoke a characteristic distinct response. We also compare the code-driven response to open-loop stimulation. The discussed experiments validate the proposed methodology and the software toolbox. PMID:27766078

Temporal Code-Driven Stimulation: Definition and Application to Electric Fish Signaling.

PubMed

Lareo, Angel; Forlim, Caroline G; Pinto, Reynaldo D; Varona, Pablo; Rodriguez, Francisco de Borja

2016-01-01

Closed-loop activity-dependent stimulation is a powerful methodology to assess information processing in biological systems. In this context, the development of novel protocols, their implementation in bioinformatics toolboxes and their application to different description levels open up a wide range of possibilities in the study of biological systems. We developed a methodology for studying biological signals representing them as temporal sequences of binary events. A specific sequence of these events (code) is chosen to deliver a predefined stimulation in a closed-loop manner. The response to this code-driven stimulation can be used to characterize the system. This methodology was implemented in a real time toolbox and tested in the context of electric fish signaling. We show that while there are codes that evoke a response that cannot be distinguished from a control recording without stimulation, other codes evoke a characteristic distinct response. We also compare the code-driven response to open-loop stimulation. The discussed experiments validate the proposed methodology and the software toolbox.

Spin Hall driven domain wall motion in magnetic bilayers coupled by a magnetic oxide interlayer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Yang; Furuta, Masaki; Zhu, Jian-Gang Jimmy

2018-05-01

mCell, previously proposed by our group, is a four-terminal magnetoresistive device with isolated write- and read-paths for all-spin logic and memory applications. A mCell requires an electric-insulating magnetic layer to couple the spin Hall driven write-path to the magnetic free layer of the read-path. Both paths are magnetic layers with perpendicular anisotropy and their perpendicularly oriented magnetization needs to be maintained with this insertion layer. We have developed a magnetic oxide (FeOx) insertion layer to serve for these purposes. We show that the FeOx insertion layer provides sufficient magnetic coupling between adjacent perpendicular magnetic layers. Resistance measurement shows that this magnetic oxide layer can act as an electric-insulating layer. In addition, spin Hall driven domain wall motion in magnetic bi-layers coupled by the FeOx insertion layer is significantly enhanced compared to that in magnetic single layer; it also requires low voltage threshold that poses possibility for power-efficient device applications.

Robust ion current oscillations under a steady electric field: An ion channel analog.

PubMed

Yan, Yu; Wang, Yunshan; Senapati, Satyajyoti; Schiffbauer, Jarrod; Yossifon, Gilad; Chang, Hsueh-Chia

2016-08-01

We demonstrate a nonlinear, nonequilibrium field-driven ion flux phenomenon, which unlike Teorell's nonlinear multiple field theory, requires only the application of one field: robust autonomous current-mass flux oscillations across a porous monolith coupled to a capillary with a long air bubble, which mimics a hydrophobic protein in an ion channel. The oscillations are driven by the hysteretic wetting dynamics of the meniscus when electro-osmotic flow and pressure driven backflow, due to bubble expansion, compete to approach zero mass flux within the monolith. Delayed rupture of the film around the advancing bubble cuts off the electric field and switches the monolith mass flow from the former to the latter. The meniscus then recedes and repairs the rupture to sustain an oscillation for a range of applied fields. This generic mechanism shares many analogs with current oscillations in cell membrane ion channel. At sufficiently high voltage, the system undergoes a state transition characterized by appearance of the ubiquitous 1/f power spectrum.

Experimental research on electric propulsion. Note 7: Analysis of the performance of an arc-jet driven by means of hydrogen and nitrogen

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Robotti, A. C.; Oggero, M.

1984-01-01

Experiments which use a new type of arc-jet, characterized by composite electromagnetic and vortex stabilization and propelled by hydrogen and nitrogen in turn are described. The electrical characteristics of the arc and the loss of heat through the electrodes is emphasized.

29 CFR 570.58 - Occupations involved in the operation of power-driven hoisting apparatus (Order 7).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... equipped with a car or platform which moves in guides in a substantially vertical direction. The term shall... force that does not include a car or platform running in guides. The term shall include all types of hoists, such as base mounted electric, clevis suspension, hook suspension, monorail, overhead electric...

49 CFR 571.303 - Standard No. 303; Fuel system integrity of compressed natural gas vehicles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... vehicle crashes. S3. Application. This standard applies to passenger cars, multipurpose passenger vehicles... requirements. S5.1Vehicle requirements. S5.1.1Vehicles with GVWR of 10,000 pounds or less. Each passenger car... has an electrically driven fuel pump that normally runs when the vehicle's electrical system is...

49 CFR 571.303 - Standard No. 303; Fuel system integrity of compressed natural gas vehicles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... vehicle crashes. S3. Application. This standard applies to passenger cars, multipurpose passenger vehicles... requirements. S5.1Vehicle requirements. S5.1.1Vehicles with GVWR of 10,000 pounds or less. Each passenger car... has an electrically driven fuel pump that normally runs when the vehicle's electrical system is...

29 CFR 570.58 - Occupations involved in the operation of power-driven hoisting apparatus (Order 7).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... equipped with a car or platform which moves in guides in a substantially vertical direction. The term shall... force that does not include a car or platform running in guides. The term shall include all types of hoists, such as base mounted electric, clevis suspension, hook suspension, monorail, overhead electric...

29 CFR 570.58 - Occupations involved in the operation of power-driven hoisting apparatus (Order 7).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... equipped with a car or platform which moves in guides in a substantially vertical direction. The term shall... force that does not include a car or platform running in guides. The term shall include all types of hoists, such as base mounted electric, clevis suspension, hook suspension, monorail, overhead electric...

Vibration Analysis and the Accelerometer

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hammer, Paul

2011-01-01

Have you ever put your hand on an electric motor or motor-driven electric appliance and felt it vibrate? Ever wonder why it vibrates? What is there about the operation of the motor, or the object to which it is attached, that causes the vibrations? Is there anything "regular" about the vibrations, or are they the result of random causes? In this…

21. INTERIOR VIEW, UNDER THE MAIN FLOOR SHOWING THE LINESHAFT ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

21. INTERIOR VIEW, UNDER THE MAIN FLOOR SHOWING THE LINESHAFT SYSTEM ONCE POWERED BY A STEAM ENGINE AND LATER BY TWO LARGE ELECTRICAL MILL MOTORS (NOTICE LARGE GEAR IN FOREGROUND) THAT OPERATED EACH NAIL MACHINE; PRESENTLY THE NAIL MACHINES ARE DRIVEN BY INDIVIDUAL ELECTRICAL MOTORS - LaBelle Iron Works, Thirtieth & Wood Streets, Wheeling, Ohio County, WV

49 CFR 571.303 - Standard No. 303; Fuel system integrity of compressed natural gas vehicles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... vehicle crashes. S3. Application. This standard applies to passenger cars, multipurpose passenger vehicles... requirements. S5.1Vehicle requirements. S5.1.1Vehicles with GVWR of 10,000 pounds or less. Each passenger car... has an electrically driven fuel pump that normally runs when the vehicle's electrical system is...

Revolutionary Aeropropulsion Concept for Sustainable Aviation: Turboelectric Distributed Propulsion

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kim, Hyun Dae; Felder, James L.; Tong, Michael. T.; Armstrong, Michael

2013-01-01

In response to growing aviation demands and concerns about the environment and energy usage, a team at NASA proposed and examined a revolutionary aeropropulsion concept, a turboelectric distributed propulsion system, which employs multiple electric motor-driven propulsors that are distributed on a large transport vehicle. The power to drive these electric propulsors is generated by separately located gas-turbine-driven electric generators on the airframe. This arrangement enables the use of many small-distributed propulsors, allowing a very high effective bypass ratio, while retaining the superior efficiency of large core engines, which are physically separated but connected to the propulsors through electric power lines. Because of the physical separation of propulsors from power generating devices, a new class of vehicles with unprecedented performance employing such revolutionary propulsion system is possible in vehicle design. One such vehicle currently being investigated by NASA is called the "N3-X" that uses a hybrid-wing-body for an airframe and superconducting generators, motors, and transmission lines for its propulsion system. On the N3-X these new degrees of design freedom are used (1) to place two large turboshaft engines driving generators in freestream conditions to minimize total pressure losses and (2) to embed a broad continuous array of 14 motor-driven fans on the upper surface of the aircraft near the trailing edge of the hybrid-wing-body airframe to maximize propulsive efficiency by ingesting thick airframe boundary layer flow. Through a system analysis in engine cycle and weight estimation, it was determined that the N3-X would be able to achieve a reduction of 70% or 72% (depending on the cooling system) in energy usage relative to the reference aircraft, a Boeing 777-200LR. Since the high-power electric system is used in its propulsion system, a study of the electric power distribution system was performed to identify critical dynamic and safety issues. This paper presents some of the features and issues associated with the turboelectric distributed propulsion system and summarizes the recent study results, including the high electric power distribution, in the analysis of the N3-X vehicle.

30 CFR 18.3 - Consultation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... MINING PRODUCTS ELECTRIC MOTOR-DRIVEN MINE EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES General Provisions § 18.3... Safety and Health Administration, Approval and Certification Center, 765 Technology Drive, Triadelphia...

30 CFR 18.3 - Consultation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... MINING PRODUCTS ELECTRIC MOTOR-DRIVEN MINE EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES General Provisions § 18.3... Safety and Health Administration, Approval and Certification Center, 765 Technology Drive, Triadelphia...

30 CFR 18.3 - Consultation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... MINING PRODUCTS ELECTRIC MOTOR-DRIVEN MINE EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES General Provisions § 18.3... Safety and Health Administration, Approval and Certification Center, 765 Technology Drive, Triadelphia...

30 CFR 18.3 - Consultation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... MINING PRODUCTS ELECTRIC MOTOR-DRIVEN MINE EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES General Provisions § 18.3... Safety and Health Administration, Approval and Certification Center, 765 Technology Drive, Triadelphia...

30 CFR 18.3 - Consultation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... MINING PRODUCTS ELECTRIC MOTOR-DRIVEN MINE EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES General Provisions § 18.3... Safety and Health Administration, Approval and Certification Center, 765 Technology Drive, Triadelphia...

Integrated thermal management of a hybrid electric vehicle

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Traci, R.M.; Acebal, R.; Mohler, T.

1999-01-01

A thermal management methodology, based on the Vehicle Integrated Thermal Management Analysis Code (VITMAC), has been developed for a notional vehicle employing the All-Electric Combat Vehicle (AECV) concept. AECV uses a prime power source, such as a diesel, to provide mechanical energy which is converted to electrical energy and stored in a central energy storage system consisting of flywheels, batteries and/or capacitors. The combination of prime power and stored energy powers the vehicle drive system and also advanced weapons subsystems such as an ETC or EM gun, electrically driven lasers, an EM armor system and an active suspension. Every majormore » system is electrically driven with energy reclamation when possible from braking and gun recoil. Thermal management of such a complicated energy transfer and utilization system is a major design consideration due to the substantial heat rejection requirements. In the present paper, an overall integrated thermal management system (TMS) is described which accounts for energy losses from each subsystem component, accepts the heat using multiple coolant loops and expels the heat from the vehicle. VITMAC simulations are used to design the TMS and to demonstrate that a conventional TMS approach is capable of successfully handling vehicle heat rejection requirements under stressing operational conditions.« less

Climate Change Impacts on Peak Electricity Consumption: US vs. Europe.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Auffhammer, M.

2016-12-01

It has been suggested that climate change impacts on the electric sector will account for the majority of global economic damages by the end of the current century and beyond. This finding is at odds with the relatively modest increase in climate driven impacts on consumption. Comprehensive high frequency load balancing authority level data have not been used previously to parameterize the relationship between electric demand and temperature for any major economy. Using statistical models we analyze multi-year data from load balancing authorities in the United States of America and the European Union, which are responsible for more than 90% of the electricity delivered to residential, industrial, commercial and agricultural customers. We couple the estimated response functions between total daily consumption and daily peak load with an ensemble of downscaled GCMs from the CMIP5 archive to simulate climate change driven impacts on both outcomes. We show moderate and highly spatially heterogeneous changes in consumption. The results of our peak load simulations, however, suggest significant changes in the intensity and frequency of peak events throughout the United States and Europe. As the electricity grid is built to endure maximum load, which usually occurs on the hottest day of the year, our findings have significant implications for the construction of costly peak generating and transmission capacity.

Solar wind: Internal parameters driven by external source

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chertkov, A. D.

1995-01-01

A new concept interpreting solar wind parameters is suggested. The process of increasing twofold of a moving volume in the solar wind (with energy transfer across its surface which is comparable with its whole internal energy) is a more rapid process than the relaxation for the pressure. Thus, the solar wind is unique from the point of view of thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The presumptive source of the solar wind creation - the induction electric field of the solar origin - has very low entropy. The state of interplanetary plasma must be very far from the thermodynamic equilibrium. Plasma internal energy is contained mainly in non-degenerate forms (plasma waves, resonant plasma oscillations, electric currents). Microscopic oscillating electric fields in the solar wind plasma should be about 1 V/m. It allows one to describe the solar wind by simple dissipative MHD equations with small effective mean free path (required for hydrodynamical description), low value of electrical conductivity combined with very big apparent thermal conductivity (required for observed solar wind acceleration). These internal parameters are interrelated only due to their origin: they are externally driven. Their relation can change during the interaction of solar wind plasma with an obstacle (planet, spacecraft). The concept proposed can be verified by the special electric field measurements, not ruining the primordial plasma state.

Relationship of Cure Temperature to Mechanical, Physical, and Dielectric Performance of PDMS Glass Composite for Electric Motor Insulation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Miller, Sandi G.; Becker, Kathleen; Williams, Tiffany S.; Scheiman, Daniel A.; McCorkle, Linda S.; Heimann, Paula J.; Ring, Andrew; Woodworth, Andrew

2017-01-01

Achieving NASAs aggressive fuel burn and emission reduction for N-plus-3 aircraft will require hybrid electric propulsion system in which electric motors driven by either power generated from turbine or energy storage system will power the fan for propulsion. Motors designed for hybrid electric aircraft are expected to operate at medium to high voltages over long durations in a high altitude service environment. Such conditions have driven research toward the development of wire insulation with improved mechanical strength, thermal stability and increased breakdown voltage. The silicone class of materials has been considered for electric wire insulation due to its inherent thermal stability, dielectric strength and mechanical integrity. This paper evaluates the dependence of these properties on the cure conditions of a polydimethyl-siloxane (PDMS) elastomer; where both cure temperature and base-to-catalyst ratio were varied. The PDMS elastomer was evaluated as a bulk material and an impregnation matrix within a lightweight glass veil support. The E-glass support was selected for mechanical stiffness and dielectric strength. This work has shown a correlation between cure conditions and material physical properties. Tensile strength increased with cure temperature whereas breakdown voltage tended to be independent of process variations. The results will be used to direct material formulation based on specific insulation requirements.

Absolute and convective instabilities of a film flow down a vertical fiber subjected to a radial electric field

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Rong; Chen, Xue; Ding, Zijing

2018-01-01

We consider the motion of a gravity-driven flow down a vertical fiber subjected to a radial electric field. This flow exhibits rich dynamics including the formation of droplets, or beads, driven by a Rayleigh-Plateau mechanism modified by the presence of gravity as well as the Maxwell stress at the interface. A spatiotemporal stability analysis is performed to investigate the effect of electric field on the absolute-convective instability (AI-CI) characteristics. We performed a numerical simulation on the nonlinear evolution of the film to examine the transition from CI to AI regime. The numerical results are in excellent agreement with the spatiotemporal stability analysis. The blowup behavior of nonlinear simulation predicts the formation of touchdown singularity of the interface due to the effect of electric field. We try to connect the blowup behavior with the AI-CI characteristics. It is found that the singularities mainly occur in the AI regime. The results indicate that the film may have a tendency to form very sharp tips due to the enhancement of the absolute instability induced by the electric field. We perform a theoretical analysis to study the behaviors of the singularities. The results show that there exists a self-similarity between the temporal and spatial distances from the singularities.

Self-Centering Reciprocating-Permanent-Magnet Machine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bhate, Suresh; Vitale, Nick

1988-01-01

New design for monocoil reciprocating-permanent-magnet electric machine provides self-centering force. Linear permanent-magnet electrical motor includes outer stator, inner stator, and permanent-magnet plunger oscillateing axially between extreme left and right positions. Magnets arranged to produce centering force and allows use of only one coil of arbitrary axial length. Axial length of coil chosen to provide required efficiency and power output.

Scapegoating Public Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shaker, Paul S.; Heilman, Elizabeth E.

2008-01-01

In their popular explanation of No Child Left Behind, journalists and other public voices claim that unruly and inefficient public schools are being brought under the control of effective central authorities by scientific, test-driven accountability. Other popular themes of reform in media include mayoral control of schools, non-educators as…

Electrical Aspects of Impinging Flames

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chien, Yu-Chien

This dissertation examines the use of electric fields as one mechanism for controlling combustion as flames are partially extinguished when impinging on nearby surfaces. Electrical aspects of flames, specifically, the production of chemi-ions in hydrocarbon flames and the use of convective flows driven by these ions, have been investigated in a wide range of applications in prior work but despite this fairly comprehensive effort to study electrical aspects of combustion, relatively little research has focused on electrical phenomena near flame extinguishment, nor for flames near impingement surfaces. Electrical impinging flames have complex properties under global influences of ion-driven winds and flow field disturbances from the impingement surface. Challenges of measurements when an electric field is applied in the system have limited an understanding of changes to the flame behavior and species concentrations caused by the field. This research initially characterizes the ability of high voltage power supplies to respond on sufficiently short time scales to permit real time electrical flame actuation. The study then characterizes the influence of an electric field on the impinging flame shape, ion current and flow field of the thermal plume associated with the flame. The more significant further examinations can be separated into two parts: 1) the potential for using electric fields to control the release of carbon monoxide (CO) from surface-impinging flames, and 2) an investigation of controlling electrically the heat transfer to a plate on which the flame impinges. Carbon monoxide (CO) results from the incomplete oxidation of hydrocarbon fuels and, while CO can be desirable in some syngas processes, it is usually a dangerous emission from forest fires, gas heaters, gas stoves, or furnaces where insufficient oxygen in the core reaction does not fully oxidize the fuel to carbon dioxide and water. Determining how carbon monoxide is released and how heat transfer from the flame to the plate can be controlled using the electric field are the two main goals of this research. Multiple diagnostic techniques are employed such as OH chemiluminescence to identify the reaction zone, OH PLIF to characterize the location of this radical species, CO released from the flame, IR imaging and OH PLIF thermometry to understand the surface and gas temperature distribution, respectively. The principal finding is that carbon monoxide release from an impinging diffusion flame results from the escape of carbon monoxide created on the fuel side of the flame along the boundary layer near the surface where it avoids oxidation by OH, which sits to the air side of the reaction sheet interface. In addition, the plate proximity to the flame has a stronger influence on the emission of toxic carbon monoxide than does the electric field strength. There is, however, a narrow region of burner to surface distance where the electric field is most effective. The results also show that heat transfer can be spatially concentrated effectively using an electric field driven ion wind, particularly at some burner to surface distances.

INNOVATIVE HYBRID GAS/ELECTRIC CHILLER COGENERATION

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Todd Kollross; Mike Connolly

2004-06-30

Engine-driven chillers are quickly gaining popularity in the market place (increased from 7,000 tons in 1994 to greater than 50,000 tons in 1998) due to their high efficiency, electric peak shaving capability, and overall low operating cost. The product offers attractive economics (5 year pay back or less) in many applications, based on areas cooling requirements and electric pricing structure. When heat is recovered and utilized from the engine, the energy resource efficiency of a natural gas engine-driven chiller is higher than all competing products. As deregulation proceeds, real time pricing rate structures promise high peak demand electric rates, butmore » low off-peak electric rates. An emerging trend with commercial building owners and managers who require air conditioning today is to reduce their operating costs by installing hybrid chiller systems that combine gas and electric units. Hybrid systems not only reduce peak electric demand charges, but also allow customers to level their energy load profiles and select the most economical energy source, gas or electricity, from hour to hour. Until recently, however, all hybrid systems incorporated one or more gas-powered chillers (engine driven and/or absorption) and one or more conventional electric units. Typically, the cooling capacity of hybrid chiller plants ranges from the hundreds to thousands of refrigeration tons, with multiple chillers affording the user a choice of cooling systems. But this flexibility is less of an option for building operators who have limited room for equipment. To address this technology gap, a hybrid chiller was developed by Alturdyne that combines a gas engine, an electric motor and a refrigeration compressor within a single package. However, this product had not been designed to realize the full features and benefits possible by combining an engine, motor/generator and compressor. The purpose of this project is to develop a new hybrid chiller that can (1) reduce end-user energy costs, (2) lower building peak electric load, (3) increase energy efficiency, and (4) provide standby power. This new hybrid product is designed to allow the engine to generate electricity or drive the chiller's compressor, based on the market price and conditions of the available energy sources. Building owners can minimize cooling costs by operating with natural gas or electricity, depending on time of day energy rates. In the event of a backout, the building owner could either operate the product as a synchronous generator set, thus providing standby power, or continue to operate a chiller to provide air conditioning with support of a small generator set to cover the chiller's electric auxiliary requirements. The ability to utilize the same piece of equipment as a hybrid gas/electric chiller or a standby generator greatly enhances its economic attractiveness and would substantially expand the opportunities for high efficiency cooling products.« less

3. ROADWAY TO THE SOUTH OF BUILDING NO. 1. AT ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

3. ROADWAY TO THE SOUTH OF BUILDING NO. 1. AT FAR LEFT IS THE SHADOW OF BUILDING NO. 6 (WAREHOUSE). ALSO VISIBLE AT THE LEFT IS BUILDING NO. 4 (BOILER HOUSE), BUILDING NO. 3 (GATE HOUSE), AND BUILDING NO. 2 (OFFICE BUILDING). IN THE RIGHT FOREGROUND IS BUILDING NO. 10 (ELECTRICAL SERVICES AND SWITCHING STATION). - United Engineering Company Shipyard, 2900 Main Street, Alameda, Alameda County, CA

30 CFR 18.47 - Voltage limitation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... MINING PRODUCTS ELECTRIC MOTOR-DRIVEN MINE EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES Construction and Design Requirements... safeguards for high-voltage equipment, or modify the requirements to recognize improved technology. ...

30 CFR 18.47 - Voltage limitation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... MINING PRODUCTS ELECTRIC MOTOR-DRIVEN MINE EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES Construction and Design Requirements... safeguards for high-voltage equipment, or modify the requirements to recognize improved technology. ...

30 CFR 18.47 - Voltage limitation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... MINING PRODUCTS ELECTRIC MOTOR-DRIVEN MINE EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES Construction and Design Requirements... safeguards for high-voltage equipment, or modify the requirements to recognize improved technology. ...

30 CFR 18.47 - Voltage limitation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... MINING PRODUCTS ELECTRIC MOTOR-DRIVEN MINE EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES Construction and Design Requirements... safeguards for high-voltage equipment, or modify the requirements to recognize improved technology. ...

30 CFR 18.47 - Voltage limitation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... MINING PRODUCTS ELECTRIC MOTOR-DRIVEN MINE EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES Construction and Design Requirements... safeguards for high-voltage equipment, or modify the requirements to recognize improved technology. ...

Ion-driven wind: Aerodynamics, performance limits, and optimization

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rickard, Matthew James Alan

When a strong electric field is generated between a sharp, charged object and a grounded electrode in a gas medium, ions that are generated via a corona discharge near the tip of the sharp object migrate to the electrical ground, setting the neutral hulk gas in motion. The strength of the flow generated from such a process; known as a "corona", "ionic", or "ion-driven" wind, increases with electric field until electrical breakdown is reached. Previous studies have found an upper bound on the velocity of the ion-driven wind, even when a series of electrode stages are aggregated. With the intent of maximizing the gas flow front such devices, this dissertation describes a series of experiments that have been conducted and a numerical model that has been employed. Although typical hardware configurations include a wire parallel to a plate, a wire placed concentrically within a cylinder, or a needle facing a perpendicular plate or mesh, the chosen setup for this study is a needle facing a concentric ring. Using multiple experimental techniques and numerical simulation, velocity profiles have been observed at the ring exit and are sensitive to the design of the mounting hardware. The numerical model predicts the ideal electrode geometry for maximizing flow through a single unit. A modular, multi-staged system has been constructed and, when loaded with an exit nozzle, the exit velocity can be substantially increased. Further, if a small-scale (sub-millimeter) system is created, it is expected that the velocity will increase with multi-staging, even in the absence of an exit nozzle.

Nonlinear structures and anomalous transport in partially magnetized E×B plasmas

DOE PAGES

Janhunen, Salomon; Smolyakov, Andrei; Chapurin, Oleksandr; ...

2017-12-29

Nonlinear dynamics of the electron-cyclotron instability driven by the electron E x B current in a crossed electric and magnetic field is studied. In the nonlinear regime, the instability proceeds by developing a large amplitude coherent wave driven by the energy input from the fundamental cyclotron resonance. Further evolution shows the formation of the long wavelength envelope akin to the modulational instability. Simultaneously, the ion density shows the development of a high-k content responsible for wave focusing and sharp peaks on the periodic cnoidal wave structure. Here, it is shown that the anomalous electron transport (along the direction of themore » applied electric field) is dominated by the long wavelength part of the turbulent spectrum.« less

Single-photon emitting diode in silicon carbide.

PubMed

Lohrmann, A; Iwamoto, N; Bodrog, Z; Castelletto, S; Ohshima, T; Karle, T J; Gali, A; Prawer, S; McCallum, J C; Johnson, B C

2015-07-23

Electrically driven single-photon emitting devices have immediate applications in quantum cryptography, quantum computation and single-photon metrology. Mature device fabrication protocols and the recent observations of single defect systems with quantum functionalities make silicon carbide an ideal material to build such devices. Here, we demonstrate the fabrication of bright single-photon emitting diodes. The electrically driven emitters display fully polarized output, superior photon statistics (with a count rate of >300 kHz) and stability in both continuous and pulsed modes, all at room temperature. The atomic origin of the single-photon source is proposed. These results provide a foundation for the large scale integration of single-photon sources into a broad range of applications, such as quantum cryptography or linear optics quantum computing.

An intelligent value-driven scheduling system for Space Station Freedom with special emphasis on the electric power system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Krupp, Joseph C.

1991-01-01

The Electric Power Control System (EPCS) created by Decision-Science Applications, Inc. (DSA) for the Lewis Research Center is discussed. This system makes decisions on what to schedule and when to schedule it, including making choices among various options or ways of performing a task. The system is goal-directed and seeks to shape resource usage in an optimal manner using a value-driven approach. Discussed here are considerations governing what makes a good schedule, how to design a value function to find the best schedule, and how to design the algorithm that finds the schedule that maximizes this value function. Results are shown which demonstrate the usefulness of the techniques employed.

Bio-inspired polymer composite actuator and generator driven by water gradients.

PubMed

Ma, Mingming; Guo, Liang; Anderson, Daniel G; Langer, Robert

2013-01-11

Here we describe the development of a water-responsive polymer film. Combining both a rigid matrix (polypyrrole) and a dynamic network (polyol-borate), strong and flexible polymer films were developed that can exchange water with the environment to induce film expansion and contraction, resulting in rapid and continuous locomotion. The film actuator can generate contractile stress up to 27 megapascals, lift objects 380 times heavier than itself, and transport cargo 10 times heavier than itself. We have assembled a generator by associating this actuator with a piezoelectric element. Driven by water gradients, this generator outputs alternating electricity at ~0.3 hertz, with a peak voltage of ~1.0 volt. The electrical energy is stored in capacitors that could power micro- and nanoelectronic devices.

Electrically driven plasmon-exciton coupled random lasing in ZnO metal-semiconductor-metal devices

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Suja, Mohammad; Debnath, Bishwajit; Bashar, Sunayna B.; Su, Longxing; Lake, Roger; Liu, Jianlin

2018-05-01

Electrically driven plasmon-exciton coupled random lasing is demonstrated by incorporating Ag nanoparticles on Cu-doped ZnO metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) devices. Both photoluminescence and electroluminescence studies show that emission efficiencies have been enhanced significantly due to coupling between ZnO excitons and Ag surface plasmons. With the incorporation of Ag nanoparticles on ZnO MSM structures, internal quantum efficiency up to 6 times is demonstrated. Threshold current for lasing is decreased by as much as 30% while the output power is increased up to 350% at an injection current of 40 mA. A numerical simulation study reveals that hole carriers are generated in the ZnO MSM devices from impact ionization processes for subsequent plasmon-exciton coupled lasing.

Accurate position estimation methods based on electrical impedance tomography measurements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vergara, Samuel; Sbarbaro, Daniel; Johansen, T. A.

2017-08-01

Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a technology that estimates the electrical properties of a body or a cross section. Its main advantages are its non-invasiveness, low cost and operation free of radiation. The estimation of the conductivity field leads to low resolution images compared with other technologies, and high computational cost. However, in many applications the target information lies in a low intrinsic dimensionality of the conductivity field. The estimation of this low-dimensional information is addressed in this work. It proposes optimization-based and data-driven approaches for estimating this low-dimensional information. The accuracy of the results obtained with these approaches depends on modelling and experimental conditions. Optimization approaches are sensitive to model discretization, type of cost function and searching algorithms. Data-driven methods are sensitive to the assumed model structure and the data set used for parameter estimation. The system configuration and experimental conditions, such as number of electrodes and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), also have an impact on the results. In order to illustrate the effects of all these factors, the position estimation of a circular anomaly is addressed. Optimization methods based on weighted error cost functions and derivate-free optimization algorithms provided the best results. Data-driven approaches based on linear models provided, in this case, good estimates, but the use of nonlinear models enhanced the estimation accuracy. The results obtained by optimization-based algorithms were less sensitive to experimental conditions, such as number of electrodes and SNR, than data-driven approaches. Position estimation mean squared errors for simulation and experimental conditions were more than twice for the optimization-based approaches compared with the data-driven ones. The experimental position estimation mean squared error of the data-driven models using a 16-electrode setup was less than 0.05% of the tomograph radius value. These results demonstrate that the proposed approaches can estimate an object’s position accurately based on EIT measurements if enough process information is available for training or modelling. Since they do not require complex calculations it is possible to use them in real-time applications without requiring high-performance computers.

Percutaneous ligation of the left atrial appendage results in atrial electrical substrate modification.

PubMed

Syed, Faisal F; Rangu, Venu; Bruce, Charles J; Johnson, Susan B; Danielsen, Andrew; Gilles, Emily J; Ladewig, Dorothy J; Mikell, Susan B; Berhow, Steven; Wahnschaffe, Douglas; Suddendorf, Scott H; Asirvatham, Samuel J; Friedman, Paul A

2015-03-01

Debulking of electrically active atrial tissue may reduce the mass of fibrillating tissue during atrial fibrillation, eliminate triggers, and promote maintenance of normal sinus rhythm (NSR). We investigated whether left atrial appendage (LAA) ligation results in modification of atrial electrical substrate. Healthy male mongrel dogs (N = 20) underwent percutaneous epicardial LAA ligation. The ligation system grabber recorded LAA local electrograms (EGM) continuously before, during, and after closure. Successful ligation with a preloaded looped suture was confirmed intraprocedurally by LAA Doppler flow cessation on transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and loss of LAA electrical activity, and after procedure by direct necropsic visualization. P-wave duration on surface electrocardiograms was measured immediately before and after LAA closure. Percent P-wave duration reduction was correlated with preclosure LAA internal dimensions measured by TEE and external dimensions measured on necropsy specimens to investigate associations of LAA geometry with the extent of electrical substrate modification. LAA ligation was successful in all dogs and accompanied by loss of LAA EGM. P-wave duration reduced immediately on ligation (mean 75 ms preligation to 63 ms postligation; mean difference ± standard error, 12 ± 1 ms; P < 0.0001). Percent P-wave reduction was associated with larger LAA longitudinal cross-sectional area (R(2) = 0.263, P = 0.04) and smaller external circumference (R(2) = 0.687, P = 0.04). All dogs were in sinus rhythm. Percutaneous LAA ligation results in its acute electrical isolation and atrial electrical substrate modification, the degree of which is associated with LAA geometry. These electrical changes raise the possibility that LAA ligation may promote NSR by removing LAA substrate and triggers. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Effect of electron-to-ion mass ratio on radial electric field generation in tokamak

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Li, Zhenqian; Dong, Jiaqi; Sheng, Zhengmao

Generation of coherent radial electric fields in plasma by drift-wave turbulence driven by plasma inhomogeneities is ab initio studied using gyro-kinetic particle simulation for conditions of operational tokamaks. In particular, the effect of the electron-to-ion mass ratio epsilon on the entire evolution of the plasma is considered. In conclusion, it is found that the electric field can be increased, and the turbulence-induced particle transport reduced, by making epsilon smaller, in agreement with many existing experimental observations.

Effect of electron-to-ion mass ratio on radial electric field generation in tokamak

DOE PAGES

Li, Zhenqian; Dong, Jiaqi; Sheng, Zhengmao; ...

2017-11-21

Generation of coherent radial electric fields in plasma by drift-wave turbulence driven by plasma inhomogeneities is ab initio studied using gyro-kinetic particle simulation for conditions of operational tokamaks. In particular, the effect of the electron-to-ion mass ratio epsilon on the entire evolution of the plasma is considered. In conclusion, it is found that the electric field can be increased, and the turbulence-induced particle transport reduced, by making epsilon smaller, in agreement with many existing experimental observations.

[Role of cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein in ventricular pacing induced cardiac electrical remodeling in a canine model].

PubMed

Chen, Xuesi; Chen, Xingxing; Cheng, Junhua; Hong, Jun; Zheng, Cheng; Zhao, Jinglin; Li, Jin; Lin, Jiafeng

2015-04-01

This project is designed to explore the potential role of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element binding protein (CREB) in cardiac electrical remodeling induced by pacing at different ventricular positions in dogs. An animal model by implanting the pacemakers in beagles was established. According to the different pacing positions, the animals were divided into 4 groups:conditional control group (n=6), left ventricle pacing group (n=6), right ventricle pacing group (n=6) and bi-ventricle pacing group (n=6). Cardiac and electrical remodeling were observed by echocardiography, electrocardiogram and plasma BNP. Myocardial pathology and protein expression of extracellular regulated protein kinases1/2 (ERK1/2), P38 mitogen activated protein kinases (P38 MAPK) and CREB were examined at 4 weeks post pacing. Cardiac structure and plasma BNP level were similar among 4 groups (all P>0.05). Electrocardiogram derived Tp-Te interval was significantly prolonged post pacing (92±11, 91±10, and 79±13 ms vs. 60±12 ms), and the Tp-Te interval in bi-ventricle pacing group was shorter than in left or right ventricle pacing group (P < 0.05). Western blot results showed that the expression of p-ERK1/2 in left ventricular myocardium of left ventricle pacing group, right ventricular myocardium of right ventricle pacing group and bi-ventricular myocardium of bi-ventricle pacing group was 2.7±0.4, 2.4±0.2, 1.7±0.1 and 1.9±0.2, respectively, the expression of p-P38 MAPK was 1.9±0.3, 1.7±0.2, 0.8±0.1 and 1.1±0.1, respectively, and the expression of p-CREB was 2.1±0.2, 2.0±0.2, 2.7±0.4 and 2.6±0.3, respectively. The p-ERK1/2 and p-P38 MAPK expression of bi-ventricle pacing group was lower,but the p-CREB expression was higher compared to the other pacing groups (P < 0.05). Ventricular pacing could induce electrical remodeling evidenced by prolonged Tp-Te interval and increased phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK and reduced phosphorylation of CREB. Compared with single ventricle pacing, bi-ventricle pacing could attenuate electrical remodeling in this model.

A vector-free ECG interpretation with P, QRS & T waves as unbalanced transitions between stable configurations of the heart electric field during P-R, S-T & T-P segments

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

Since cell membranes are weak sources of electrostatic fields, this ECG interpretation relies on the analogy between cells and electrets. It is here assumed that cell-bound electric fields unite, reach the body surface and the surrounding space and form the thoracic electric field that consists from two concentric structures: the thoracic wall and the heart. If ECG leads measure differences in electric potentials between skin electrodes, they give scalar values that define position of the electric field center along each lead. Repolarised heart muscle acts as a stable positive electric source, while depolarized heart muscle produces much weaker negative electric field. During T-P, P-R and S-T segments electric field is stable, only subtle changes are detectable by skin electrodes. Diastolic electric field forms after ventricular depolarization (T-P segments in the ECG recording). Telediastolic electric field forms after the atria have been depolarized (P-Q segments in the ECG recording). Systolic electric field forms after the ventricular depolarization (S-T segments in the ECG recording). The three ECG waves (P, QRS and T) can then be described as unbalanced transitions of the heart electric field from one stable configuration to the next and in that process the electric field center is temporarily displaced. In the initial phase of QRS, the rapidly diminishing septal electric field makes measured potentials dependent only on positive charges of the corresponding parts of the left and the right heart that lie within the lead axes. If more positive charges are near the "DOWN" electrode than near the "UP" electrode, a Q wave will be seen, otherwise an R wave is expected. Repolarization of the ventricular muscle is dampened by the early septal muscle repolarization that reduces deflection of T waves. Since the "UP" electrode of most leads is near the usually larger left ventricle muscle, T waves are in these leads positive, although of smaller amplitude and longer duration than the QRS wave in the same lead. The proposed interpretation is applied to bundle branch blocks, fascicular (hemi-) blocks and changes during heart muscle ischemia. PMID:24506945

On-Chip Pressure Generation for Driving Liquid Phase Separations in Nanochannels.

PubMed

Xia, Ling; Choi, Chiwoong; Kothekar, Shrinivas C; Dutta, Debashis

2016-01-05

In this Article, we describe the generation of pressure gradients on-chip for driving liquid phase separations in submicrometer deep channels. The reported pressure-generation capability was realized by applying an electrical voltage across the interface of two glass channel segments with different depths. A mismatch in the electroosmotic flow rate at this junction led to the generation of pressure-driven flow in our device, a fraction of which was then directed to an analysis channel to carry out the desired separation. Experiments showed the reported strategy to be particularly conducive for miniaturization of pressure-driven separations yielding flow velocities in the separation channel that were nearly unaffected upon scaling down the depth of the entire fluidic network. Moreover, the small dead volume in our system allowed for high dynamic control over this pressure gradient, which otherwise was challenging to accomplish during the sample injection process using external pumps. Pressure-driven velocities up to 3.1 mm/s were realized in separation ducts as shallow as 300 nm using our current design for a maximum applied voltage of 3 kV. The functionality of this integrated device was demonstrated by implementing a pressure-driven ion chromatographic analysis that relied on analyte interaction with the nanochannel surface charges to yield a nonuniform solute concentration across the channel depth. Upon coupling such analyte distribution to the parabolic pressure-driven flow profile in the separation duct, a mixture of amino acids could be resolved. The reported assay yielded a higher separation resolution compared to its electrically driven counterpart in which sample migration was realized using electroosmosis/electrophoresis.

Computational modeling of electrically-driven deposition of ionized polydisperse particulate powder mixtures in advanced manufacturing processes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zohdi, T. I.

2017-07-01

A key part of emerging advanced additive manufacturing methods is the deposition of specialized particulate mixtures of materials on substrates. For example, in many cases these materials are polydisperse powder mixtures whereby one set of particles is chosen with the objective to electrically, thermally or mechanically functionalize the overall mixture material and another set of finer-scale particles serves as an interstitial filler/binder. Often, achieving controllable, precise, deposition is difficult or impossible using mechanical means alone. It is for this reason that electromagnetically-driven methods are being pursued in industry, whereby the particles are ionized and an electromagnetic field is used to guide them into place. The goal of this work is to develop a model and simulation framework to investigate the behavior of a deposition as a function of an applied electric field. The approach develops a modular discrete-element type method for the simulation of the particle dynamics, which provides researchers with a framework to construct computational tools for this growing industry.

Estimation of longitudinal force, lateral vehicle speed and yaw rate for four-wheel independent driven electric vehicles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Te; Xu, Xing; Chen, Long; Jiang, Haobing; Cai, Yingfeng; Li, Yong

2018-02-01

Accurate estimation of longitudinal force, lateral vehicle speed and yaw rate is of great significance to torque allocation and stability control for four-wheel independent driven electric vehicle (4WID-EVs). A fusion method is proposed to estimate the longitudinal force, lateral vehicle speed and yaw rate for 4WID-EVs. The electric driving wheel model (EDWM) is introduced into the longitudinal force estimation, the longitudinal force observer (LFO) is designed firstly based on the adaptive high-order sliding mode observer (HSMO), and the convergence of LFO is analyzed and proved. Based on the estimated longitudinal force, an estimation strategy is then presented in which the strong tracking filter (STF) is used to estimate lateral vehicle speed and yaw rate simultaneously. Finally, co-simulation via Carsim and Matlab/Simulink is carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The performance of LFO in practice is verified by the experiment on chassis dynamometer bench.

Oscillations emerging from noise-driven steady state in networks with electrical synapses and subthreshold resonance

PubMed Central

Tchumatchenko, Tatjana; Clopath, Claudia

2014-01-01

Oscillations play a critical role in cognitive phenomena and have been observed in many brain regions. Experimental evidence indicates that classes of neurons exhibit properties that could promote oscillations, such as subthreshold resonance and electrical gap junctions. Typically, these two properties are studied separately but it is not clear which is the dominant determinant of global network rhythms. Our aim is to provide an analytical understanding of how these two effects destabilize the fluctuation-driven state, in which neurons fire irregularly, and lead to an emergence of global synchronous oscillations. Here we show how the oscillation frequency is shaped by single neuron resonance, electrical and chemical synapses.The presence of both gap junctions and subthreshold resonance are necessary for the emergence of oscillations. Our results are in agreement with several experimental observations such as network responses to oscillatory inputs and offer a much-needed conceptual link connecting a collection of disparate effects observed in networks. PMID:25405458

Impact of public electric vehicle charging infrastructure

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Levinson, Rebecca S.; West, Todd H.

Our work uses market analysis and simulation to explore the potential of public charging infrastructure to spur US battery electric vehicle (BEV) sales, increase national electrified mileage, and lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. By employing both scenario and parametric analysis for policy driven injection of public charging stations we find the following: (1) For large deployments of public chargers, DC fast chargers are more effective than level 2 chargers at increasing BEV sales, increasing electrified mileage, and lowering GHG emissions, even if only one DC fast charging station can be built for every ten level 2 charging stations. (2) Amore » national initiative to build DC fast charging infrastructure will see diminishing returns on investment at approximately 30,000 stations. (3) Some infrastructure deployment costs can be defrayed by passing them back to electric vehicle consumers, but once those costs to the consumer reach the equivalent of approximately 12¢/kWh for all miles driven, almost all gains to BEV sales and GHG emissions reductions from infrastructure construction are lost.« less

Impact of public electric vehicle charging infrastructure

DOE PAGES

Levinson, Rebecca S.; West, Todd H.

2017-10-16

Our work uses market analysis and simulation to explore the potential of public charging infrastructure to spur US battery electric vehicle (BEV) sales, increase national electrified mileage, and lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. By employing both scenario and parametric analysis for policy driven injection of public charging stations we find the following: (1) For large deployments of public chargers, DC fast chargers are more effective than level 2 chargers at increasing BEV sales, increasing electrified mileage, and lowering GHG emissions, even if only one DC fast charging station can be built for every ten level 2 charging stations. (2) Amore » national initiative to build DC fast charging infrastructure will see diminishing returns on investment at approximately 30,000 stations. (3) Some infrastructure deployment costs can be defrayed by passing them back to electric vehicle consumers, but once those costs to the consumer reach the equivalent of approximately 12¢/kWh for all miles driven, almost all gains to BEV sales and GHG emissions reductions from infrastructure construction are lost.« less

Thermoacoustically driven triboelectric nanogenerator: Combining thermoacoustics and nanoscience

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhu, Shunmin; Yu, Aifang; Yu, Guoyao; Liu, Yudong; Zhai, Junyi; Dai, Wei; Luo, Ercang

2017-10-01

A thermoacoustic heat engine (TAHE) is a type of regenerative heat engine that converts external heat into mechanical power in the form of an acoustic wave with no moving mechanical components. One significant application of the TAHE is the generation of electricity by coupling an acoustic-to-electric conversion unit such as a linear motor or a piezoelectric ceramic assembly. However, present-day conversion technologies have considerable drawbacks, including structural complexity, high cost, and low reliability. The advent of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) offers an alternative means to overcoming these shortcomings. In this paper, we propose a thermoacoustically driven TENG (TA-TENG) that continuously harvests external heat. A test rig involving a standing-wave TAHE and a contact-separation mode TENG was fabricated to demonstrate this concept. Currently, the TA-TENG produces a maximum output voltage of 10 V and a corresponding output power of 0.008 μW with a load of 400 MΩ, demonstrating the viability of this hybrid combination for electricity generation.

Experimental Study and Optimization of Thermoelectricity-Driven Autonomous Sensors for the Chimney of a Biomass Power Plant

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rodríguez, A.; Astrain, D.; Martínez, A.; Aranguren, P.

2014-06-01

In the work discussed in this paper a thermoelectric generator was developed to harness waste heat from the exhaust gas of a boiler in a biomass power plant and thus generate electric power to operate a flowmeter installed in the chimney, to make it autonomous. The main objective was to conduct an experimental study to optimize a previous design obtained after computational work based on a simulation model for thermoelectric generators. First, several places inside and outside the chimney were considered as sites for the thermoelectricity-driven autonomous sensor. Second, the thermoelectric generator was built and tested to assess the effect of the cold-side heat exchanger on the electric power, power consumption by the flowmeter, and transmission frequency. These tests provided the best configuration for the heat exchanger, which met the transmission requirements for different working conditions. The final design is able to transmit every second and requires neither batteries nor electric wires. It is a promising application in the field of thermoelectric generation.

Power generation by flagella-propelled Serratia Marcescens

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tran, Trung-Hieu; Kim, Min Jun; Byun, Doyoung

2010-11-01

In this study, we present electrical power generation by using swimming Serratia marcescens which is a rod shaped bacterium species and has about 10 um long and about 20 nm thin helical filaments. Flow in micro channel is driven by bacteria attached on the wall, which is around 25 to 50 μm/sec. The driven electrolyte solution flow (buffer solution containing high concentration of S. marcescens) may be considered as movement of conductor. If we place permanent magnets on the top and bottom of the micro channel and electrodes on side walls in the micro channel, electrical current could be generated by the principle of Lorentz force acting on the moving charges. The potential between the two electrodes was measured to be up to 10mV and the electrical current was about 10pA with external load 50 Ohm. Even if the energy generated by bacteria swimming is small, it demonstrated the possible generation of power, which requires in-depth further research.

Photo-driven nanoactuators based on carbon nanocoils and vanadium dioxide bimorphs.

PubMed

Ma, He; Zhang, Xinping; Cui, Ruixue; Liu, Feifei; Wang, Meng; Huang, Cuiying; Hou, Jiwei; Wang, Guang; Wei, Yang; Jiang, Kaili; Pan, Lujun; Liu, Kai

2018-06-06

Photo-driven actuators are highly desirable in various smart systems owing to the advantages of wireless control and possible actuation by solar energy. Miniaturization of photo-driven actuators is particularly essential in micro-robotics and micro-/nano-electro-mechanical systems. However, it remains a great challenge to build up nano-scale photo-driven actuators with competitive performance in amplitude, response speed, and lifetime. In this work, we developed photo-driven nanoactuators based on bimorph structures of vanadium dioxides (VO2) and carbon nanocoils (CNCs). Activated by the huge structural phase transition of VO2, the photo-driven VO2/CNC nanoactuators deliver a giant amplitude, a fast response up to 9400 Hz, and a long lifetime more than 10 000 000 actuation cycles. Both experimental and simulation results show that the helical structure of CNCs enables a low photo-driven threshold of VO2/CNC nanoactuators, which provides an effective method to construct photo-driven nanoactuators with low power consumption. Our photo-driven VO2/CNC nanoactuators would find potential applications in nano-scale electrical/optical switches and other smart devices.

The Politics of Knowledge

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hess, Frederick M.

2008-01-01

In recent years, the rigor and quality of educational research have drawn much attention. This increased interest has been driven by state efforts to collect student achievement data, the creation of the Institute of Education Sciences (IES), the explicit call for"scientifically based research" written into the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act,…

[Research on respiration course of human at different postures by electrical impedance tomography].

PubMed

Chen, Xiaoyan; Wu, Jun; Wang, Huaxiang; Li, Da

2010-10-01

In this paper, the respiration courses of human at different postures are reconstructed by electrical impedance tomography (EIT). Conjugate gradient least squares (CGLS) algorithm is applied to reconstruct the resistivity distribution during respiration courses, and the EIT images taken from human at flat lying, left lying, right lying, sitting and prone postures are reconstructed and compared. The relative changes of the resistivity in region of interest (ROI) are analyzed to evidence the influences caused by different postures. Results show that the changes in postures are the most influential factors for the reconstructions, and the EIT images vary with the postures. In human at flat-lying posture, the left and right lungs have larger pulmonary ventilation volume simultaneously, and the EIT-measured data are of lower variability.

Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicle Technologies

DTIC Science & Technology

1998-06-30

participants; car sharing logistics; liability issues; billing and col- lecting user fees; service and maintenance support; data acquisition; and...driven on the freeway, and their circumstances had changed. Among the challenges facing station-car and car - sharing programs that use EVs rather than...funding; selection and training of users; many different types of participants; car sharing logistics; liability issues; billing and collecting user

Gasoline-powered series hybrid cars cause lower life cycle carbon emissions than battery cars

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Meinrenken, Christoph; Lackner, Klaus S.

2012-02-01

Battery cars powered by grid electricity promise reduced life cycle green house gas (GHG) emissions from the automotive sector. Such scenarios usually point to the much higher emissions from conventional, internal combustion engine cars. However, today's commercially available series hybrid technology achieves the well known efficiency gains in electric drivetrains (regenerative breaking, lack of gearbox) even if the electricity is generated onboard, from conventional fuels. Here, we analyze life cycle GHG emissions for commercially available, state-of the-art plug-in battery cars (e.g. Nissan Leaf) and those of commercially available series hybrid cars (e.g., GM Volt, at same size and performance). Crucially, we find that series hybrid cars driven on (fossil) gasoline cause fewer emissions (126g CO2eq per km) than battery cars driven on current US grid electricity (142g CO2eq per km). We attribute this novel finding to the significant incremental emissions from plug-in battery cars due to losses during grid transmission and battery dis-/charging, and manufacturing larger batteries. We discuss crucial implications for strategic policy decisions towards a low carbon automotive sector as well as relative land intensity when powering cars by biofuel vs. bioelectricity.

Enhancing the brightness of electrically driven single-photon sources using color centers in silicon carbide

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Khramtsov, Igor A.; Vyshnevyy, Andrey A.; Fedyanin, Dmitry Yu.

2018-03-01

Practical applications of quantum information technologies exploiting the quantum nature of light require efficient and bright true single-photon sources which operate under ambient conditions. Currently, point defects in the crystal lattice of diamond known as color centers have taken the lead in the race for the most promising quantum system for practical non-classical light sources. This work is focused on a different quantum optoelectronic material, namely a color center in silicon carbide, and reveals the physics behind the process of single-photon emission from color centers in SiC under electrical pumping. We show that color centers in silicon carbide can be far superior to any other quantum light emitter under electrical control at room temperature. Using a comprehensive theoretical approach and rigorous numerical simulations, we demonstrate that at room temperature, the photon emission rate from a p-i-n silicon carbide single-photon emitting diode can exceed 5 Gcounts/s, which is higher than what can be achieved with electrically driven color centers in diamond or epitaxial quantum dots. These findings lay the foundation for the development of practical photonic quantum devices which can be produced in a well-developed CMOS compatible process flow.

Surface morphology and electrical properties of Au/Ni/ Left-Pointing-Angle-Bracket C Right-Pointing-Angle-Bracket /n-Ga{sub 2}O{sub 3}/p-GaSe Left-Pointing-Angle-Bracket KNO{sub 3} Right-Pointing-Angle-Bracket hybrid structures fabricated on the basis of a layered semiconductor with nanoscale ferroelectric inclusions

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bakhtinov, A. P., E-mail: chimsp@ukrpost.ua; Vodopyanov, V. N.; Netyaga, V. V.

2012-03-15

Features of the formation of Au/Ni/ Left-Pointing-Angle-Bracket C Right-Pointing-Angle-Bracket /n-Ga{sub 2}O{sub 3} hybrid nanostructures on a Van der Waals surface (0001) of 'layered semiconductor-ferroelectric' composite nanostructures (p-GaSe Left-Pointing-Angle-Bracket KNO{sub 3} Right-Pointing-Angle-Bracket ) are studied using atomic-force microscopy. The room-temperature current-voltage characteristics and the dependence of the impedance spectrum of hybrid structures on a bias voltage are studied. The current-voltage characteristic includes a resonance peak and a portion with negative differential resistance. The current attains a maximum at a certain bias voltage, when electric polarization switching in nanoscale three-dimensional inclusions in the layered GaSe matrix occurs. In the high-frequency region (fmore » > 10{sup 6} Hz), inductive-type impedance (a large negative capacitance of structures, {approx}10{sup 6} F/mm{sup 2}) is detected. This effect is due to spinpolarized electron transport in a series of interconnected semiconductor composite nanostructures with multiple p-GaSe Left-Pointing-Angle-Bracket KNO{sub 3} Right-Pointing-Angle-Bracket quantum wells and a forward-biased 'ferromagnetic metal-semiconductor' polarizer (Au/Ni/ Left-Pointing-Angle-Bracket C Right-Pointing-Angle-Bracket /n{sup +}-Ga{sub 2}O{sub 3}/n-Ga{sub 2}O{sub 3}). A shift of the maximum (current hysteresis) is detected in the current-voltage characteristics for various directions of the variations in bias voltage.« less

Left ventricular lead placement in the latest activated region guided by coronary venous electroanatomic mapping.

PubMed

Rad, Masih Mafi; Blaauw, Yuri; Dinh, Trang; Pison, Laurent; Crijns, Harry J; Prinzen, Frits W; Vernooy, Kevin

2015-01-01

Left ventricular (LV) lead placement in the latest activated region is an important determinant of response to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). We investigated the feasibility of coronary venous electroanatomic mapping (EAM) to guide LV lead placement to the latest activated region. Twenty-five consecutive CRT candidates with left bundle-branch block underwent intra-procedural coronary venous EAM using EnSite NavX. A guidewire was used to map the coronary veins during intrinsic activation, and to test for phrenic nerve stimulation (PNS). The latest activated region, defined as the region with an electrical delay >75% of total QRS duration, was located anterolaterally in 18 (basal, n = 10; mid, n = 8) and inferolaterally in 6 (basal, n = 3; mid, n = 3). In one patient, identification of the latest activated region was impeded by limited coronary venous anatomy. In patients with >1 target vein (n = 12), the anatomically targeted inferolateral vein was rarely the vein with maximal electrical delay (n = 3). A concordant LV lead position was achieved in 18 of 25 patients. In six patients, this was hampered by PNS (n = 4), lead instability (n = 1), and coronary vein stenosis (n = 1). Coronary venous EAM can be used intraprocedurally to guide LV lead placement to the latest activated region free of PNS. This approach especially contributes to optimization of LV lead electrical delay in patients with multiple target veins. Conventional anatomical LV lead placement strategy does not target the vein with maximal electrical delay in many of these patients. Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. © The Author 2014. For permissions please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Index theorem for non-supersymmetric fermions coupled to a non-Abelian string and electric charge quantization

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shifman, M.; Yung, A.

2018-03-01

Non-Abelian strings are considered in non-supersymmetric theories with fermions in various appropriate representations of the gauge group U(N). We derive the electric charge quantization conditions and the index theorems counting fermion zero modes in the string background both for the left-handed and right-handed fermions. In both cases we observe a non-trivial N dependence.

Penetrating ocular injury caused by nylon cord fragment from electric lawn trimmer.

PubMed

Barr, C C; Mitchell, D

1983-09-01

A 58-year-old man sustained a penetrating injury in the left eye from a nylon cord fragment from an electric rotary weed trimmer. Repair of the corneal laceration, foreign body extraction, and anterior vitrectomy were performed. One year post injury the visual acuity was stable at 6/60. The need for protective eyewear when using power tools is emphasized.

Laser-driven electron acceleration in a plasma channel with an additional electric field

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cheng, Li-Hong; Xue, Ju-Kui, E-mail: xuejk@nwnu.edu.cn; Liu, Jie, E-mail: liu-jie@iapcm.ac.cn

2016-05-15

We examine the electron acceleration in a two-dimensional plasma channel under the action of a laser field and an additional static electric field. We propose to design an appropriate additional electric field (its direction and location), in order to launch the electron onto an energetic trajectory. We find that the electron acceleration strongly depends on the coupled effects of the laser polarization, the direction, and location of the additional electric field. The additional electric field affects the electron dynamics by changing the dephasing rate. Particularly, a suitably designed additional electric field leads to a considerable energy gain from the lasermore » pulse after the interaction with the additional electric field. The electron energy gain from the laser with the additional electric field can be much higher than that without the additional electric field. This engineering provides a possible means for producing high energetic electrons.« less

Spirit Traverse Map, Sol 680

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2005-01-01

[figure removed for brevity, see original site] Annotated Spirit Traverse Map

This image shows the route that NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Spirit has driven inside Gusev Crater from its first Martian day (sol 1) to its 680th sol (Dec. 1, 2005), more than a complete Martian year. The underlying image (previously released as PIA07849) is a mosaic of images from the Mars Orbiter Camera on NASA's Mars Global Surveyor orbiter. The scale bar at lower left is 500 meters (0.31 mile). As of sol 680, Spirit had driven a total of 5,495 meters (3.41 miles).

Electric fields in hippocampus due to transcranial focal electrical stimulation via concentric ring electrodes.

PubMed

Besio, Walter G; Hadidi, Ruba; Makeyev, Oleksandr; Luna-Munguía, Hiram; Rocha, Luisa

2011-01-01

As epilepsy affects approximately one percent of the world population, electrical stimulation of brain has recently shown potential as an additive seizure control therapy. In this study we applied focal transcranial electrical stimulation (TFS) on the surface of the skull of rats via concentric ring electrodes. We recorded electric potentials with a bipolar electrode consisting of two stainless steel wires implanted into the left ventral hippocampus. TFS current was gradually increased by 20% starting at 103 μA allowing us to assess the relationship between TFS current and both potentials recorded from the bipolar electrode and the resulting electric field. Generally, increases in TFS current resulted in increases in the electric field. This allows us to estimate what extra-cranial TFS current would be sufficient to cause the activation of neurons in the hippocampus.

Longitudinal development of hormone levels and grey matter density in 9 and 12-year-old twins.

PubMed

Brouwer, Rachel M; Koenis, M M G; Schnack, Hugo G; van Baal, G Caroline; van Soelen, Inge L C; Boomsma, Dorret I; Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke E

2015-05-01

Puberty is characterized by major changes in hormone levels and structural changes in the brain. To what extent these changes are associated and to what extent genes or environmental influences drive such an association is not clear. We acquired circulating levels of luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol and testosterone and magnetic resonance images of the brain from 190 twins at age 9 [9.2 (0.11) years; 99 females/91 males]. This protocol was repeated at age 12 [12.1 (0.26) years] in 125 of these children (59 females/66 males). Using voxel-based morphometry, we tested whether circulating hormone levels are associated with grey matter density in boys and girls in a longitudinal, genetically informative design. In girls, changes in FSH level between the age of 9 and 12 positively associated with changes in grey matter density in areas covering the left hippocampus, left (pre)frontal areas, right cerebellum, and left anterior cingulate and precuneus. This association was mainly driven by environmental factors unique to the individual (i.e. the non-shared environment). In 12-year-old girls, a higher level of circulating estradiol levels was associated with lower grey matter density in frontal and parietal areas. This association was driven by environmental factors shared among the members of a twin pair. These findings show a pattern of physical and brain development going hand in hand.

Head position of helicopter pilots during slalom maneuvers.

PubMed

Temme, Leonard A; Still, David L

2007-01-01

Pilots typically tilt their heads when executing coordinated banking turns, a phenomenon commonly attributed to the putative opto-kinetic cervical reflex (OKCR). The OKCR is usually described as a reflex, primarily driven by stimuli in the visual periphery, and is important to a pilot's spatial orientation by providing a relatively stabilized horizontal frame of reference. The present paper presents an alternative hypothesis for the observed head tilting seen in pilots. An archived data set, originally collected for other purposes, contained the head turn, pitch, and tilt of 4 helicopter pilots recorded at 10 Hz as the pilots executed 42 slalom maneuvers in an AH Mk 7 Lynx helicopter under visual flight conditions. The analytic method was a correlational analysis of head turn, pitch, and tilt. As expected, pilots routinely tilted their heads during the slaloms in a fashion typically attributed to the OKCR. Correlations among head turn, tilt, and pitch showed that when the helicopter turned left, the head, presumably to look into the turn, turned left and also pitched up and tilted right. Similarly, when the helicopter turned right, the head, presumably to look into the turn, turned right, pitched up, and tilted left. The head tilting usually attributed to a neuromuscular reflex driven by visual stimuli may be a biomechanical consequence of the head posture pilots assume when they simply look where they are going, eliminating the need to postulate the existence of a novel neuromuscular reflex.

Metal-insulator and charge ordering transitions in oxide nanostructures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Singh, Sujay Kumar

Strongly correlated oxides are a class of materials wherein interplay of various degrees of freedom results in novel electronic and magnetic phenomena. Vanadium oxides are widely studied correlated materials that exhibit metal-insulator transitions (MIT) in a wide temperature range from 70 K to 380 K. In this Thesis, results from electrical transport measurements on vanadium dioxide (VO2) and vanadium oxide bronze (MxV 2O5) (where M: alkali, alkaline earth, and transition metal cations) are presented and discussed. Although the MIT in VO2 has been studied for more than 50 years, the microscopic origin of the transition is still debated since a slew of external parameters such as light, voltage, and strain are found to significantly alter the transition. Furthermore, recent works on electrically driven switching in VO2 have shown that the role of Joule heating to be a major cause as opposed to electric field. We explore the mechanisms behind the electrically driven switching in single crystalline nanobeams of VO2 through DC and AC transport measurements. The harmonic analysis of the AC measurement data shows that non-uniform Joule heating causes electronic inhomogeneities to develop within the nanobeam and is responsible for driving the transition in VO2. Surprisingly, field assisted emission mechanisms such as Poole-Frenkel effect is found to be absent and the role of percolation is also identified in the electrically driven transition. This Thesis also provides a new insight into the mechanisms behind the electrolyte gating induced resistance modulation and the suppression of MIT in VO2. We show that the metallic phase of VO2 induced by electrolyte gating is due to an electrochemical process and can be both reversible and irreversible under different conditions. The kinetics of the redox processes increase with temperature; a complete suppression of the transition and the stabilization of the metallic phase are achievable by gating in the rutile metallic phase. First principles calculations show that the destabilization of the insulating phase during the gating arises due to the formation of oxygen vacancies in VO2; the rutile phase is far more amenable to electrochemical reduction as compared to the monoclinic phase, likely due to its higher electrical conductivity. The generation of oxygen vacancies appears thermodynamically favorable if the removed oxygen atoms from VO2 oxidize the anions in the ionic liquid. Finally, electronic properties of single crystalline, individual nanowires of vanadium oxide bronzes (MxVO 2O5) are presented. The intercalation effects of metal cation and the stoichiometry (x) are explored and discussed. These nanowires exhibit thermally and electrically driven charge ordering and metal to insulator transitions. The electrolyte gating measurements show resistance modulations across the phase transition but the effect is not as dramatic as in VO2.

Mind the Microgap in Iridescent Cellulose Nanocrystal Films.

PubMed

Fernandes, Susete N; Almeida, Pedro L; Monge, Nuno; Aguirre, Luis E; Reis, Dennys; de Oliveira, Cristiano L P; Neto, António M F; Pieranski, Pawel; Godinho, Maria H

2017-01-01

A new photonic structure is produced from cellulose nanocrystal iridescent films reflecting both right and left circularly polarized light. Micrometer-scale planar gaps perpendicular to the films' cross-section between two different left-handed films' cholesteric domains are impregnated with a nematic liquid crystal. This photonic feature is reversibly tuned by the application of an electric field or a temperature variation. © 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

22. INTERIOR VIEW OF THE MACHINE SHOP LOOKING NORTH. FROM ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

22. INTERIOR VIEW OF THE MACHINE SHOP LOOKING NORTH. FROM LEFT TO RIGHT, NORTH END OF THE LONG LATHE, WOOD STOVE WITH A BRICK HEARTH FLOOR, FAR BACK LEFT CORNER IS THE MAIN CLUTCH FOR THE MILL POWER SHAFTS, SHAFT LATHE, SMALL PLANER, BORING MACHINE WITH IONIC COLUMN DETAIL., AND THE ENTRANCE TO THE ELECTRICAL MOTOR ROOM. - Standard Gold Mill, East of Bodie Creek, Northeast of Bodie, Bodie, Mono County, CA

6. VIEW LOOKING NORTHWEST FROM THE IMAGE LEFT TO THE ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

6. VIEW LOOKING NORTHWEST FROM THE IMAGE LEFT TO THE IMAGE RIGHT IS THE CHARCOAL HOUSE, THE RETORT SHED IN THE BACKGROUND, THE MILL ANNEX, THE MACHINE SHOP, AND THE ELECTRIC MOTOR ROOM. THE MILL BUILDING IS IN THE BACKGROUND CENTER RIGHT AND ONE OF THE ORE DELIVERY TRESTLES EXTENDING FROM THE MILL BUILDING TO RIGHT IMAGE EDGE. - Standard Gold Mill, East of Bodie Creek, Northeast of Bodie, Bodie, Mono County, CA

An Attachable Electromagnetic Energy Harvester Driven Wireless Sensing System Demonstrating Milling-Processes and Cutter-Wear/Breakage-Condition Monitoring.

PubMed

Chung, Tien-Kan; Yeh, Po-Chen; Lee, Hao; Lin, Cheng-Mao; Tseng, Chia-Yung; Lo, Wen-Tuan; Wang, Chieh-Min; Wang, Wen-Chin; Tu, Chi-Jen; Tasi, Pei-Yuan; Chang, Jui-Wen

2016-02-23

An attachable electromagnetic-energy-harvester driven wireless vibration-sensing system for monitoring milling-processes and cutter-wear/breakage-conditions is demonstrated. The system includes an electromagnetic energy harvester, three single-axis Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) accelerometers, a wireless chip module, and corresponding circuits. The harvester consisting of magnets with a coil uses electromagnetic induction to harness mechanical energy produced by the rotating spindle in milling processes and consequently convert the harnessed energy to electrical output. The electrical output is rectified by the rectification circuit to power the accelerometers and wireless chip module. The harvester, circuits, accelerometer, and wireless chip are integrated as an energy-harvester driven wireless vibration-sensing system. Therefore, this completes a self-powered wireless vibration sensing system. For system testing, a numerical-controlled machining tool with various milling processes is used. According to the test results, the system is fully self-powered and able to successfully sense vibration in the milling processes. Furthermore, by analyzing the vibration signals (i.e., through analyzing the electrical outputs of the accelerometers), criteria are successfully established for the system for real-time accurate simulations of the milling-processes and cutter-conditions (such as cutter-wear conditions and cutter-breaking occurrence). Due to these results, our approach can be applied to most milling and other machining machines in factories to realize more smart machining technologies.

An Attachable Electromagnetic Energy Harvester Driven Wireless Sensing System Demonstrating Milling-Processes and Cutter-Wear/Breakage-Condition Monitoring

PubMed Central

Chung, Tien-Kan; Yeh, Po-Chen; Lee, Hao; Lin, Cheng-Mao; Tseng, Chia-Yung; Lo, Wen-Tuan; Wang, Chieh-Min; Wang, Wen-Chin; Tu, Chi-Jen; Tasi, Pei-Yuan; Chang, Jui-Wen

2016-01-01

An attachable electromagnetic-energy-harvester driven wireless vibration-sensing system for monitoring milling-processes and cutter-wear/breakage-conditions is demonstrated. The system includes an electromagnetic energy harvester, three single-axis Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) accelerometers, a wireless chip module, and corresponding circuits. The harvester consisting of magnets with a coil uses electromagnetic induction to harness mechanical energy produced by the rotating spindle in milling processes and consequently convert the harnessed energy to electrical output. The electrical output is rectified by the rectification circuit to power the accelerometers and wireless chip module. The harvester, circuits, accelerometer, and wireless chip are integrated as an energy-harvester driven wireless vibration-sensing system. Therefore, this completes a self-powered wireless vibration sensing system. For system testing, a numerical-controlled machining tool with various milling processes is used. According to the test results, the system is fully self-powered and able to successfully sense vibration in the milling processes. Furthermore, by analyzing the vibration signals (i.e., through analyzing the electrical outputs of the accelerometers), criteria are successfully established for the system for real-time accurate simulations of the milling-processes and cutter-conditions (such as cutter-wear conditions and cutter-breaking occurrence). Due to these results, our approach can be applied to most milling and other machining machines in factories to realize more smart machining technologies. PMID:26907297

International Space Station Electric Power System Performance Code-SPACE

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hojnicki, Jeffrey; McKissock, David; Fincannon, James; Green, Robert; Kerslake, Thomas; Delleur, Ann; Follo, Jeffrey; Trudell, Jeffrey; Hoffman, David J.; Jannette, Anthony;

Right ventricular septal pacing: the success of stylet-driven active-fixation leads.

PubMed

Rosso, Raphael; Teh, Andrew W; Medi, Caroline; Hung, Thuy To; Balasubramaniam, Richard; Mond, Harry G

2010-01-01

The detrimental effects of right ventricular (RV) apical pacing on left ventricular function has driven interest in alternative pacing sites and in particular the mid RV septum and RV outflow tract (RVOT). RV septal lead positioning can be successfully achieved with a specifically shaped stylet and confirmed by the left anterior oblique (LAO) fluoroscopic projection. Such a projection is neither always used nor available during pacemaker implantation. The aim of this study was to evaluate how effective is the stylet-driven technique in septal lead placement guided only by posterior-anterior (PA) fluoroscopic view. One hundred consecutive patients with an indication for single- or dual-chamber pacing were enrolled. RV septal lead positioning was attempted in the PA projection only and confirmed by the LAO projection at the end of the procedure. The RV lead position was septal in 90% of the patients. This included mid RV in 56 and RVOT in 34 patients. There were no significant differences in the mean stimulation threshold, R-wave sensing, and lead impedance between the two sites.In the RVOT, 97% (34/35) of leads were placed on the septum, whereas in the mid RV the value was 89% (56/63). The study confirms that conventional active-fixation pacing leads can be successfully and safely deployed onto the RV septum using a purposely-shaped stylet guided only by the PA fluoroscopic projection.

Lateralization of spatial rather than temporal attention underlies the left hemifield advantage in rapid serial visual presentation.

PubMed

Asanowicz, Dariusz; Kruse, Lena; Śmigasiewicz, Kamila; Verleger, Rolf

2017-11-01

In bilateral rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP), the second of two targets, T1 and T2, is better identified in the left visual field (LVF) than in the right visual field (RVF). This LVF advantage may reflect hemispheric asymmetry in temporal attention or/and in spatial orienting of attention. Participants performed two tasks: the "standard" bilateral RSVP task (Exp.1) and its unilateral variant (Exp.1 & 2). In the bilateral task, spatial location was uncertain, thus target identification involved stimulus-driven spatial orienting. In the unilateral task, the targets were presented block-wise in the LVF or RVF only, such that no spatial orienting was needed for target identification. Temporal attention was manipulated in both tasks by varying the T1-T2 lag. The results showed that the LVF advantage disappeared when involvement of stimulus-driven spatial orienting was eliminated, whereas the manipulation of temporal attention had no effect on the asymmetry. In conclusion, the results do not support the hypothesis of hemispheric asymmetry in temporal attention, and provide further evidence that the LVF advantage reflects right hemisphere predominance in stimulus-driven orienting of spatial attention. These conclusions fit evidence that temporal attention is implemented by bilateral parietal areas and spatial attention by the right-lateralized ventral frontoparietal network. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Spirit Near 'Stapledon' on Sol 1802 (Stereo)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2009-01-01

[figure removed for brevity, see original site] Left-eye view of a color stereo pair for PIA11781 [figure removed for brevity, see original site] Right-eye view of a color stereo pair for PIA11781

NASA Mars Exploration Rover Spirit used its navigation camera for the images assembled into this stereo, full-circle view of the rover's surroundings during the 1,802nd Martian day, or sol, (January 26, 2009) of Spirit's mission on the surface of Mars. South is at the center; north is at both ends.

This view combines images from the left-eye and right-eye sides of the navigation camera. It appears three-dimensional when viewed through red-blue glasses with the red lens on the left.

Spirit had driven down off the low plateau called 'Home Plate' on Sol 1782 (January 6, 2009) after spending 12 months on a north-facing slope on the northern edge of Home Plate. The position on the slope (at about the 9-o'clock position in this view) tilted Spirit's solar panels toward the sun, enabling the rover to generate enough electricity to survive its third Martian winter. Tracks at about the 11-o'clock position of this panorama can be seen leading back to that 'Winter Haven 3' site from the Sol 1802 position about 10 meters (33 feet) away. For scale, the distance between the parallel wheel tracks is about one meter (40 inches).

Where the receding tracks bend to the left, a circular pattern resulted from Spirit turning in place at a soil target informally named 'Stapledon' after William Olaf Stapledon, a British philosopher and science-fiction author who lived from 1886 to 1950. Scientists on the rover team suspected that the soil in that area might have a high concentration of silica, resembling a high-silica soil patch discovered east of Home Plate in 2007. Bright material visible in the track furthest to the right was examined with Spirit's alpha partical X-ray spectrometer and found, indeed, to be rich in silica.

The team laid plans to drive Spirit from this Sol 1802 location back up onto Home Plate, then southward for the rover's summer field season.

This view is presented as a cylindrical-perspective projection with geometric seam correction.

High-Torque, Lightweight, Pneumatically Driven Wrench For Small Spaces

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Miller, Thomas W.

1995-01-01

Pneumatically driven wrench provides torque up to 3,000 lb. per ft. in small space. Designed to reach into 2.6 x 2.75 x 6 in. pocket. Weighs approximately 25 lbs. Includes reversible pneumatic motor (electric motor could be used instead) and slip clutch. Also includes device indicating total angle through which wrench turned bolt or nut. This feature used for turn-of-the-nut tightening method.

Chronometric Electrical Stimulation of Right Inferior Frontal Cortex Increases Motor Braking

PubMed Central

Conner, Christopher R.; Aron, Adam R.; Tandon, Nitin

2013-01-01

The right inferior frontal cortex (rIFC) is important for stopping responses. Recent research shows that it is also activated when response emission is slowed down when stopping is anticipated. This suggests that rIFC also functions as a goal-driven brake. Here, we investigated the causal role of rIFC in goal-driven braking by using computer-controlled, event-related (chronometric), direct electrical stimulation (DES). We compared the effects of rIFC stimulation on trials in which responses were made in the presence versus absence of a stopping-goal (“Maybe Stop” [MS] vs “No Stop” [NS]). We show that DES of rIFC slowed down responses (compared with control-site stimulation) and that rIFC stimulation induced more slowing when motor braking was required (MS) compared with when it was not (NS). Our results strongly support a causal role of a rIFC-based network in inhibitory motor control. Importantly, the results extend this causal role beyond externally driven stopping to goal-driven inhibitory control, which is a richer model of human self-control. These results also provide the first demonstration of double-blind chronometric DES of human prefrontal cortex, and suggest that—in the case of rIFC—this could lead to augmentation of motor braking. PMID:24336725

Functional recovery in upper limb function in stroke survivors by using brain-computer interface A single case A-B-A-B design.

PubMed

Ono, Takashi; Mukaino, Masahiko; Ushiba, Junichi

2013-01-01

Resent studies suggest that brain-computer interface (BCI) training for chronic stroke patient is useful to improve their motor function of paretic hand. However, these studies does not show the extent of the contribution of the BCI clearly because they prescribed BCI with other rehabilitation systems, e.g. an orthosis itself, a robotic intervention, or electrical stimulation. We therefore compared neurological effects between interventions with neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) with motor imagery and BCI-driven NMES, employing an ABAB experimental design. In epoch A, the subject received NMES on paretic extensor digitorum communis (EDC). The subject was asked to attempt finger extension simultaneously. In epoch B, the subject received NMES when BCI system detected motor-related electroencephalogram change while attempting motor imagery. Both epochs were carried out for 60 min per day, 5 days per week. As a result, EMG activity of EDC was enhanced by BCI-driven NMES and significant cortico-muscular coherence was observed at the final evaluation. These results indicate that the training by BCI-driven NMES is effective even compared to motor imagery combined with NMES, suggesting the superiority of closed-loop training with BCI-driven NMES to open-loop NMES for chronic stroke patients.

Regional myocardial shape and dimensions of the working isolated canine left ventricle

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ritman, E.; Tsuiki, K.; Donald, D.; Wood, E. H.

1975-01-01

Angiographic experiments were performed on isolated canine left ventricle preparations using donor dog to supply blood to the coronary circulation via a rotary pump to control coronary flow. The angiographic record was transferred from video tape to video disk for detailed uninterrupted sequential analysis at a frequency of 60 fields/sec. It is shown that the use of a biplane X-ray technique and a metabolically supported isolated canine left ventricle preparation provides an angiographically ideal means of measuring the mechanical dynamics of the myocardium while the intact left ventricular myocardial structure and electrical activation pattern retain most of the in situ ventricular characteristics. In particular, biplane X-ray angiography of the left ventricle can provide estimates of total ventricular function such as ejection fraction, stroke volume, and myocardial mass correct to within 15% under the angiographically ideal conditions of the preparation.

Priming Hand Motor Training with Repetitive Stimulation of the Fingertips; Performance Gain and Functional Imaging of Training Effects.

PubMed

Lotze, Martin; Ladda, Aija Marie; Roschka, Sybille; Platz, Thomas; Dinse, Hubert R

Application of repetitive electrical stimulation (rES) of the fingers has been shown to improve tactile perception and sensorimotor performance in healthy individuals. To increase motor performance by priming the effects of active motor training (arm ability training; AAT) using rES. We compared the performance gain for the training increase of the averaged AAT tasks of both hands in two groups of strongly right-handed healthy volunteers. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) before and after AAT was assessed using three tasks for each hand separately: finger sequence tapping, visually guided grip force modulation, and writing. Performance during fMRI was controlled for preciseness and frequency. A total of 30 participants underwent a two-week unilateral left hand AAT, 15 participants with 20 minutes of rES priming of all fingertips of the trained hand, and 15 participants without rES priming. rES-primed AAT improved the trained left-hand performance across all training tasks on average by 32.9%, non-primed AAT improved by 29.5%. This gain in AAT performance with rES priming was predominantly driven by an increased finger tapping velocity. Functional imaging showed comparable changes for both training groups over time. Across all participants, improved AAT performance was associated with a higher contralateral primary somatosensory cortex (S1) fMRI activation magnitude during the grip force modulation task. This study highlights the importance of S1 for hand motor training gain. In addition, it suggests the usage of rES of the fingertips for priming active hand motor training. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DTI-based response-driven modeling of mTLE laterality.

PubMed

Nazem-Zadeh, Mohammad-Reza; Elisevich, Kost; Air, Ellen L; Schwalb, Jason M; Divine, George; Kaur, Manpreet; Wasade, Vibhangini S; Mahmoudi, Fariborz; Shokri, Saeed; Bagher-Ebadian, Hassan; Soltanian-Zadeh, Hamid

2016-01-01

To develop lateralization models for distinguishing between unilateral and bilateral mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) and determining laterality in cases of unilateral mTLE. mTLE is the most common form of medically refractory focal epilepsy. Many mTLE patients fail to demonstrate an unambiguous unilateral ictal onset. Intracranial EEG (icEEG) monitoring can be performed to establish whether the ictal origin is unilateral or truly bilateral with independent bitemporal ictal origin. However, because of the expense and risk of intracranial electrode placement, much research has been done to determine if the need for icEEG can be obviated with noninvasive neuroimaging methods, such as diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Fractional anisotropy (FA) was used to quantify microstructural changes reflected in the diffusivity properties of the corpus callosum, cingulum, and fornix, in a retrospective cohort of 31 patients confirmed to have unilateral (n = 24) or bilateral (n = 7) mTLE. All unilateral mTLE patients underwent resection with an Engel class I outcome. Eleven were reported to have hippocampal sclerosis on pathological analysis; nine had undergone prior icEEG. The bilateral mTLE patients had undergone icEEG demonstrating independent epileptiform activity in both right and left hemispheres. Twenty-three nonepileptic subjects were included as controls. In cases of right mTLE, FA showed significant differences from control in all callosal subregions, in both left and right superior cingulate subregions, and in forniceal crura. Comparison of right and left mTLE cases showed significant differences in FA of callosal genu, rostral body, and splenium and the right posteroinferior and superior cingulate subregions. In cases of left mTLE, FA showed significant differences from control only in the callosal isthmus. Significant differences in FA were identified when cases of right mTLE were compared with bilateral mTLE cases in the rostral and midbody callosal subregions and isthmus. Based on 11 FA measurements in the cingulate, callosal and forniceal subregions, a response-driven lateralization model successfully differentiated all cases (n = 54) into groups of unilateral right (n = 12), unilateral left (n = 12), and bilateral mTLE (n = 7), and nonepileptic control (23). The proposed response-driven DTI biomarker is intended to lessen diagnostic ambiguity of laterality in cases of mTLE and help optimize selection of surgical candidates. Application of this model shows promise in reducing the need for invasive icEEG in prospective cases.

Seismic sources

DOEpatents

Green, M.A.; Cook, N.G.W.; McEvilly, T.V.; Majer, E.L.; Witherspoon, P.A.

1987-04-20

Apparatus is described for placement in a borehole in the earth, which enables the generation of closely controlled seismic waves from the borehole. Pure torsional shear waves are generated by an apparatus which includes a stator element fixed to the borehole walls and a rotor element which is electrically driven to rapidly oscillate on the stator element to cause reaction forces transmitted through the borehole walls to the surrounding earth. Longitudinal shear waves are generated by an armature that is driven to rapidly oscillate along the axis of the borehole, to cause reaction forces transmitted to the surrounding earth. Pressure waves are generated by electrically driving pistons that press against opposite ends of a hydraulic reservoir that fills the borehole. High power is generated by energizing the elements for more than about one minute. 9 figs.

Remote manual operator for space station intermodule ventilation valve

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Guyaux, James R.

1996-01-01

The Remote Manual Operator (RMO) is a mechanism used for manual operation of the Space Station Intermodule Ventilation (IMV) valve and for visual indication of valve position. The IMV is a butterfly-type valve, located in the ventilation or air circulation ducts of the Space Station, and is used to interconnect or isolate the various compartments. The IMV valve is normally operated by an electric motor-driven actuator under computer or astronaut control, but it can also be operated manually with the RMO. The IMV valve RMO consists of a handle with a deployment linkage, a gear-driven flexible shaft, and a linkage to disengage the electric motor actuator during manual operation. It also provides visual indication of valve position. The IMV valve RMO is currently being prepared for qualification testing.

Plasma barodiffusion in inertial-confinement-fusion implosions: application to observed yield anomalies in thermonuclear fuel mixtures.

PubMed

Amendt, Peter; Landen, O L; Robey, H F; Li, C K; Petrasso, R D

2010-09-10

The observation of large, self-generated electric fields (≥10(9)  V/m) in imploding capsules using proton radiography has been reported [C. K. Li, Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 225001 (2008)]. A model of pressure gradient-driven diffusion in a plasma with self-generated electric fields is developed and applied to reported neutron yield deficits for equimolar D3He [J. R. Rygg, Phys. Plasmas 13, 052702 (2006)] and (DT)3He [H. W. Herrmann, Phys. Plasmas 16, 056312 (2009)] fuel mixtures and Ar-doped deuterium fuels [J. D. Lindl, Phys. Plasmas 11, 339 (2004)]. The observed anomalies are explained as a mild loss of deuterium nuclei near capsule center arising from shock-driven diffusion in the high-field limit.

Mechanical Signature of Heat Generated in a Current-Driven Ferromagnetic Resonance System

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cho, Sung Un; Jo, Myunglae; Park, Seondo; Lee, Jae-Hyun; Yang, Chanuk; Kang, Seokwon; Park, Yun Daniel

2017-07-01

In a current-driven ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) system, heat generated by time-dependent magnetoresistance effects, caused by magnetization precession, cannot be overlooked. Here, we describe the generated heat by magnetization motion under electric current in a freestanding nanoelectromechanical resonator fashioned from a permalloy (Py )/Pt bilayer. By piezoresistive transduction of Pt, the mechanical mode is electrically detected at room temperature and the internal heat in Py excluding thermoelectric effects is quantified as a shift of the mechanical resonance. We find that the measured spectral shifts correspond to the FMR, which is further verified from the spin-torque FMR measurement. Furthermore, the angular dependence of the mechanical reaction on an applied magnetic field reveals that the full accounting of FMR heat dissipation requires the time-dependent magnetoresistance effect.

Criticality in a non-equilibrium, driven system: charged colloidal rods (fd-viruses) in electric fields.

PubMed

Kang, K; Dhont, J K G

2009-11-01

Experiments on suspensions of charged colloidal rods (fd-virus particles) in external electric fields are performed, which show that a non-equilibrium critical point can be identified. Several transition lines of field-induced phases and states meet at this point and it is shown that there is a length- and time-scale which diverge at the non-equilibrium critical point. The off-critical and critical behavior is characterized, with both power law and logarithmic divergencies. These experiments show that analogous features of the classical, critical divergence of correlation lengths and relaxation times in equilibrium systems are also exhibited by driven systems that are far out of equilibrium, related to phases/states that do not exist in the absence of the external field.

Electric-field-driven magnetization reversal in square-shaped nanomagnet-based multiferroic heterostructure

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Peng, Ren-Ci; Nan, Ce-Wen, E-mail: jzw12@psu.edu, E-mail: cwnan@tsinghua.edu.cn; Wang, J. J., E-mail: jzw12@psu.edu, E-mail: cwnan@tsinghua.edu.cn

Based on phase field modeling and thermodynamic analysis, purely electric-field-driven magnetization reversal was shown to be possible in a multiferroic heterostructure of a square-shaped amorphous Co{sub 40}Fe{sub 40}B{sub 20} nanomagnet on top of a ferroelectric layer through electrostrain. The reversal is made possible by engineering the mutual interactions among the built-in uniaxial magnetic anisotropy, the geometry-dependent magnetic configuration anisotropy, and the magnetoelastic anisotropy. Particularly, the incorporation of the built-in uniaxial anisotropy made it possible to reverse magnetization with one single unipolar electrostrain pulse, which is simpler than previous designs involving the use of bipolar electrostrains and may alleviate ferroelectric fatigue.more » Critical conditions for triggering the magnetization reversal are identified.« less

Dynamical features and electric field strengths of double layers driven by currents. [in auroras

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Singh, N.; Thiemann, H.; Schunk, R. W.

1985-01-01

In recent years, a number of papers have been concerned with 'ion-acoustic' double layers. In the present investigation, results from numerical simulations are presented to show that the shapes and forms of current-driven double layers evolve dynamically with the fluctuations in the current through the plasma. It is shown that double layers with a potential dip can form even without the excitation of ion-acoustic modes. Double layers in two-and one-half-dimensional simulations are discussed, taking into account the simulation technique, the spatial and temporal features of plasma, and the dynamical behavior of the parallel potential distribution. Attention is also given to double layers in one-dimensional simulations, and electrical field strengths predicted by two-and one-half-dimensional simulations.

Bio-inspired Polymer Composite Actuator and Generator Driven by Water Gradients

PubMed Central

Ma, Mingming; Guo, Liang; Anderson, Daniel G.; Langer, Robert

2013-01-01

Here we describe the development of a water-responsive polymer film; combining both a rigid matrix (polypyrrole) and a dynamic network (polyol-borate), strong and flexible polymer films were developed that can exchange water with the environment to induce film expansion and contraction, resulting in rapid and continuous locomotion. The film actuator can generate contractile stress up to 27 MPa, lift objects 380 times heavier than itself, and transport cargo 10 times heavier than itself. We have assembled a generator by associating this actuator with a piezoelectric element. Driven by water gradients, this generator outputs alternating electricity at ∼0.3 Hz, with a peak voltage of ∼1.0 V. The electrical energy is stored in capacitors that could power micro- and nano-electronic devices. PMID:23307738

Piloted, Electric Propulsion-Powered Experimental Aircraft Underway

NASA Image and Video Library

2015-04-30

Team members of the Leading Edge Asynchronous Propeller Technology Ground Test team include from left Brian Soukup, Sean Clarke, Douglas Howe, Dena Gruca, Kurt Papathakis, Jason Denman, Vincent Bayne and Freddie Graham.

Control of an Omni-directional Power-assisted Cart

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Maeda, Hiroshi; Fujiwara, Shigeki; Kitano, Hitoshi; Yamashita, Hideki; Fukunaga, Hideo

This paper describes an easy-to-operate, omni-directional cart. This cart includes power assist technology that acts for both the longitudinal and rotational motions of the cart. Two objectives are set for this development. The first objective is to overcome the difficulty of shifting the cart laterally. Therefore, the equation for calculating the cart turning speed is modified so that the moment, which is driven by the operating force in the right/left direction, is offset. As a result, it becomes possible to stabilize the balance between the operating force in the right/left direction and the operating moment, and improve the operating performance. The second objective is to overcome the other difficulty whereby, during the one-hand pull-operation, the cart tended to run off course to the right/left. To solve this problem, we add a positional control in the right/left direction. As a result, we reduce the lateral deviation of the cart, and improve the operating performance.

Neural correlates of the spatial and expectancy components of endogenous and stimulus-driven orienting of attention in the Posner task.

PubMed

Doricchi, Fabrizio; Macci, Enrica; Silvetti, Massimo; Macaluso, Emiliano

2010-07-01

Voluntary orienting of visual attention is conventionally measured in tasks with predictive central cues followed by frequent valid targets at the cued location and by infrequent invalid targets at the uncued location. This implies that invalid targets entail both spatial reorienting of attention and breaching of the expected spatial congruency between cues and targets. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to separate the neural correlates of the spatial and expectancy components of both endogenous orienting and stimulus-driven reorienting of attention. We found that during endogenous orienting with predictive cues, there was a significant deactivation of the right Temporal-Parietal Junction (TPJ). We also discovered that the lack of an equivalent deactivation with nonpredictive cues was matched to drop in attentional costs and preservation of attentional benefits. The right TPJ showed equivalent responses to invalid targets following predictive and nonpredictive cues. On the contrary, infrequent-unexpected invalid targets following predictive cues specifically activated the right Middle and Inferior Frontal Gyrus (MFG-IFG). Additional comparisons with spatially neutral trials demonstrated that, independently of cue predictiveness, valid targets activate the left TPJ, whereas invalid targets activate both the left and right TPJs. These findings show that the selective right TPJ activation that is found in the comparison between invalid and valid trials results from the reciprocal cancelling of the different activations that in the left TPJ are related to the processing of valid and invalid targets. We propose that left and right TPJs provide "matching and mismatching to attentional template" signals. These signals enable reorienting of attention and play a crucial role in the updating of the statistical contingency between cues and targets.

Efficacy of brain-computer interface-driven neuromuscular electrical stimulation for chronic paresis after stroke.

PubMed

Mukaino, Masahiko; Ono, Takashi; Shindo, Keiichiro; Fujiwara, Toshiyuki; Ota, Tetsuo; Kimura, Akio; Liu, Meigen; Ushiba, Junichi

2014-04-01

Brain computer interface technology is of great interest to researchers as a potential therapeutic measure for people with severe neurological disorders. The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of brain computer interface, by comparing conventional neuromuscular electrical stimulation and brain computer interface-driven neuromuscular electrical stimulation, using an A-B-A-B withdrawal single-subject design. A 38-year-old male with severe hemiplegia due to a putaminal haemorrhage participated in this study. The design involved 2 epochs. In epoch A, the patient attempted to open his fingers during the application of neuromuscular electrical stimulation, irrespective of his actual brain activity. In epoch B, neuromuscular electrical stimulation was applied only when a significant motor-related cortical potential was observed in the electroencephalogram. The subject initially showed diffuse functional magnetic resonance imaging activation and small electro-encephalogram responses while attempting finger movement. Epoch A was associated with few neurological or clinical signs of improvement. Epoch B, with a brain computer interface, was associated with marked lateralization of electroencephalogram (EEG) and blood oxygenation level dependent responses. Voluntary electromyogram (EMG) activity, with significant EEG-EMG coherence, was also prompted. Clinical improvement in upper-extremity function and muscle tone was observed. These results indicate that self-directed training with a brain computer interface may induce activity- dependent cortical plasticity and promote functional recovery. This preliminary clinical investigation encourages further research using a controlled design.

Two-phase mixed media dielectric with macro dielectric beads for enhancing resistivity and breakdown strength

DOEpatents

Falabella, Steven; Meyer, Glenn A; Tang, Vincent; Guethlein, Gary

2014-06-10

A two-phase mixed media insulator having a dielectric fluid filling the interstices between macro-sized dielectric beads packed into a confined volume, so that the packed dielectric beads inhibit electro-hydrodynamically driven current flows of the dielectric liquid and thereby increase the resistivity and breakdown strength of the two-phase insulator over the dielectric liquid alone. In addition, an electrical apparatus incorporates the two-phase mixed media insulator to insulate between electrical components of different electrical potentials. And a method of electrically insulating between electrical components of different electrical potentials fills a confined volume between the electrical components with the two-phase dielectric composite, so that the macro dielectric beads are packed in the confined volume and interstices formed between the macro dielectric beads are filled with the dielectric liquid.

40 CFR 63.7290 - What emission limitations must I meet for capture systems and control devices applied to pushing...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... to capture emissions; (3) If a mobile scrubber car that does not capture emissions during travel is... each capture system that uses an electric motor to drive the fan, you must maintain the daily average... (ii) For each capture system that does not use a fan driven by an electric motor, you must maintain...

40 CFR 63.7290 - What emission limitations must I meet for capture systems and control devices applied to pushing...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... to capture emissions; (3) If a mobile scrubber car that does not capture emissions during travel is... each capture system that uses an electric motor to drive the fan, you must maintain the daily average... (ii) For each capture system that does not use a fan driven by an electric motor, you must maintain...

40 CFR 63.7290 - What emission limitations must I meet for capture systems and control devices applied to pushing...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... to capture emissions; (3) If a mobile scrubber car that does not capture emissions during travel is... each capture system that uses an electric motor to drive the fan, you must maintain the daily average... (ii) For each capture system that does not use a fan driven by an electric motor, you must maintain...