Sample records for electron counting rules

  1. Using the 18-Electron Rule To Understand the Nominal 19-Electron Half-Heusler NbCoSb with Nb Vacancies

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Zeier, Wolfgang G.; Anand, Shashwat; Huang, Lihong

    The 18-electron rule is a widely used criterion in the search for new half-Heusler thermoelectric materials. However, several 19-electron compounds such as NbCoSb have been found to be stable and exhibit thermoelectric properties rivaling state-of-the art materials. Using synchrotron X-ray diffraction and density functional theory calculations, we show that samples with nominal (19-electron) composition NbCoSb actually contain a half-Heusler phase with composition Nb0.84CoSb. The large amount of stable Nb vacancies reduces the overall electron count, which brings the stoichiometry of the compound close to an 18-electron count, and stabilizes the material. Excess electrons beyond 18 electrons provide heavy doping neededmore » to make these good thermoelectric materials. This work demonstrates that considering possible defect chemistry and allowing small variation of electron counting leads to extra degrees of freedom for tailoring thermoelectric properties and exploring new compounds. Here we discuss the 18-electron rule as a guide to find defect-free half-Heusler semiconductors. Other electron counts such as 19-electron NbCoSb can also be expected to be stable as n-type metals, perhaps with cation vacancy defects to reduce the electron count.« less

  2. Hidden electronic rule in the “cluster-plus-glue-atom” model

    PubMed Central

    Du, Jinglian; Dong, Chuang; Melnik, Roderick; Kawazoe, Yoshiyuki; Wen, Bin

    2016-01-01

    Electrons and their interactions are intrinsic factors to affect the structure and properties of materials. Based on the “cluster-cluster-plus-glue-atom” model, an electron counting rule for complex metallic alloys (CMAs) has been revealed in this work (i. e. the CPGAMEC rule). Our results on the cluster structure and electron concentration of CMAs with apparent cluster features, indicate that the valence electrons’ number per unit cluster formula for these CMAs are specific constants of eight-multiples and twelve-multiples. It is thus termed as specific electrons cluster formula. This CPGAMEC rule has been demonstrated as a useful guidance to direct the design of CMAs with desired properties, while its practical applications and underlying mechanism have been illustrated on the basis of CMAs’ cluster structural features. Our investigation provides an aggregate picture with intriguing electronic rule and atomic structural features of CMAs. PMID:27642002

  3. Hexacoordinated nitrogen(V) stabilized by high pressure

    PubMed Central

    Kurzydłowski, Dominik; Zaleski-Ejgierd, Patryk

    2016-01-01

    In all of its known connections nitrogen retains a valence shell electron count of eight therefore satisfying the golden rule of chemistry - the octet rule. Despite the diversity of nitrogen chemistry (with oxidation states ranging from + 5 to −3), and despite numerous efforts, compounds containing nitrogen with a higher electron count (hypervalent nitrogen) remain elusive and are yet to be synthesized. One possible route leading to nitrogen’s hypervalency is the formation of a chemical moiety containing pentavalent nitrogen atoms coordinated by more than four substituents. Here, we present theoretical evidence that a salt containing hexacoordinated nitrogen(V), in the form of an NF6− anion, could be synthesized at a modest pressure of 40 GPa (=400 kbar) via spontaneous oxidation of NF3 by F2. Our results indicate that the synthesis of a new class of compounds containing hypervalent nitrogen is within reach of current high-pressure experimental techniques. PMID:27808104

  4. Statistical inference of static analysis rules

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Engler, Dawson Richards (Inventor)

    2009-01-01

    Various apparatus and methods are disclosed for identifying errors in program code. Respective numbers of observances of at least one correctness rule by different code instances that relate to the at least one correctness rule are counted in the program code. Each code instance has an associated counted number of observances of the correctness rule by the code instance. Also counted are respective numbers of violations of the correctness rule by different code instances that relate to the correctness rule. Each code instance has an associated counted number of violations of the correctness rule by the code instance. A respective likelihood of the validity is determined for each code instance as a function of the counted number of observances and counted number of violations. The likelihood of validity indicates a relative likelihood that a related code instance is required to observe the correctness rule. The violations may be output in order of the likelihood of validity of a violated correctness rule.

  5. Electron-Poor Polar Intermetallics: Complex Structures, Novel Clusters, and Intriguing Bonding with Pronounced Electron Delocalization

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Lin, Qisheng; Miller, Gordon J.

    Intermetallic compounds represent an extensive pool of candidates for energy related applications stemming from magnetic, electric, optic, caloric, and catalytic properties. The discovery of novel intermetallic compounds can enhance understanding of the chemical principles that govern structural stability and chemical bonding as well as finding new applications. Valence electron-poor polar intermetallics with valence electron concentrations (VECs) between 2.0 and 3.0 e –/atom show a plethora of unprecedented and fascinating structural motifs and bonding features. Furthermore, establishing simple structure-bonding-property relationships is especially challenging for this compound class because commonly accepted valence electron counting rules are inappropriate.

  6. Electron-Poor Polar Intermetallics: Complex Structures, Novel Clusters, and Intriguing Bonding with Pronounced Electron Delocalization

    DOE PAGES

    Lin, Qisheng; Miller, Gordon J.

    2017-12-18

    Intermetallic compounds represent an extensive pool of candidates for energy related applications stemming from magnetic, electric, optic, caloric, and catalytic properties. The discovery of novel intermetallic compounds can enhance understanding of the chemical principles that govern structural stability and chemical bonding as well as finding new applications. Valence electron-poor polar intermetallics with valence electron concentrations (VECs) between 2.0 and 3.0 e –/atom show a plethora of unprecedented and fascinating structural motifs and bonding features. Furthermore, establishing simple structure-bonding-property relationships is especially challenging for this compound class because commonly accepted valence electron counting rules are inappropriate.

  7. Analysis of general power counting rules in effective field theory

    DOE PAGES

    Gavela, Belen; Jenkins, Elizabeth E.; Manohar, Aneesh V.; ...

    2016-09-02

    We derive the general counting rules for a quantum effective field theory (EFT) in d dimensions. The rules are valid for strongly and weakly coupled theories, and they predict that all kinetic energy terms are canonically normalized. They determine the energy dependence of scattering cross sections in the range of validity of the EFT expansion. We show that the size of the cross sections is controlled by the Λ power counting of EFT, not by chiral counting, even for chiral perturbation theory (χPT). The relation between Λ and f is generalized to d dimensions. We show that the naive dimensionalmore » analysis 4π counting is related to ℏ counting. The EFT counting rules are applied to χPT, low-energy weak interactions, Standard Model EFT and the non-trivial case of Higgs EFT.« less

  8. Spherical sila- and germa-homoaromaticity.

    PubMed

    Chen, Zhongfang; Hirsch, Andreas; Nagase, Shigeru; Thiel, Walter; Schleyer, Paul von Ragué

    2003-12-17

    Guided by the 2(N + 1)2 electron-counting rule for spherical aromatic molecules, we have designed various spherical sila- and germa-homoaromatic systems rich in group 14 elements. Their aromaticity is revealed by density-functional computations of their structures and the nucleus-independent chemical shifts (NICS). Besides the formerly used endohedral inclusion strategy, spherical homoaromaticity is another way to stabilize silicon and germanium clusters.

  9. Pinochle Poker: An Activity for Counting and Probability

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Wroughton, Jacqueline; Nolan, Joseph

    2012-01-01

    Understanding counting rules is challenging for students; in particular, they struggle with determining when and how to implement combinations, permutations, and the multiplication rule as tools for counting large sets and computing probability. We present an activity--using ideas from the games of poker and pinochle--designed to help students…

  10. Endohedral gallide cluster superconductors and superconductivity in ReGa5.

    PubMed

    Xie, Weiwei; Luo, Huixia; Phelan, Brendan F; Klimczuk, Tomasz; Cevallos, Francois Alexandre; Cava, Robert Joseph

    2015-12-22

    We present transition metal-embedded (T@Gan) endohedral Ga-clusters as a favorable structural motif for superconductivity and develop empirical, molecule-based, electron counting rules that govern the hierarchical architectures that the clusters assume in binary phases. Among the binary T@Gan endohedral cluster systems, Mo8Ga41, Mo6Ga31, Rh2Ga9, and Ir2Ga9 are all previously known superconductors. The well-known exotic superconductor PuCoGa5 and related phases are also members of this endohedral gallide cluster family. We show that electron-deficient compounds like Mo8Ga41 prefer architectures with vertex-sharing gallium clusters, whereas electron-rich compounds, like PdGa5, prefer edge-sharing cluster architectures. The superconducting transition temperatures are highest for the electron-poor, corner-sharing architectures. Based on this analysis, the previously unknown endohedral cluster compound ReGa5 is postulated to exist at an intermediate electron count and a mix of corner sharing and edge sharing cluster architectures. The empirical prediction is shown to be correct and leads to the discovery of superconductivity in ReGa5. The Fermi levels for endohedral gallide cluster compounds are located in deep pseudogaps in the electronic densities of states, an important factor in determining their chemical stability, while at the same time limiting their superconducting transition temperatures.

  11. Solving the Schrödinger equation of molecules by relaxing the antisymmetry rule: Inter-exchange theory.

    PubMed

    Nakatsuji, Hiroshi; Nakashima, Hiroyuki

    2015-05-21

    The Schrödinger equation (SE) and the antisymmetry principle constitute the governing principle of chemistry. A general method of solving the SE was presented before as the free complement (FC) theory, which gave highly accurate solutions for small atoms and molecules. We assume here to use the FC theory starting from the local valence bond wave function. When this theory is applied to larger molecules, antisymmetrizations of electronic wave functions become time-consuming and therefore, an additional breakthrough is necessary concerning the antisymmetry principle. Usually, in molecular calculations, we first construct the wave function to satisfy the antisymmetry rule, "electronic wave functions must be prescribed to be antisymmetric for all exchanges of electrons, otherwise bosonic interference may disturb the basis of the science." Starting from determinantal wave functions is typical. Here, we give an antisymmetrization theory, called inter-exchange (iExg) theory, by dividing molecular antisymmetrizations to those within atoms and between atoms. For the electrons belonging to distant atoms in a molecule, only partial antisymmetrizations or even no antisymmetrizations are necessary, depending on the distance between the atoms. So, the above antisymmetry rule is not necessarily followed strictly to get the results of a desired accuracy. For this and other reasons, the necessary parts of the antisymmetrization operations become very small as molecules become larger, leading finally to the operation counts of lower orders of N, the number of electrons. This theory creates a natural antisymmetrization method that is useful for large molecules.

  12. Second-moment equality and the structural chemistry of the main-group intermetallic compounds

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Lee, S.

    1991-01-02

    The authors determine electron counting rules for ZA{sub 2{minus}x}B{sub x} compounds, where Z is an electropositive atoms and A and B are main-group atoms. These rules are derived from a Huckel-type theory. Agreement between theory and experiment for all the major ZA{sub 2{minus}x}B{sub x} families, which include the MgCu{sub 2}, MoSi{sub 2}, CeCd{sub 2}, CeCu{sub 2}, MgAgAs, CaIn{sub 2}, AlB{sub 2}, ThSi{sub 2}, and Cu{sub 2}Sb structure types, is excellent. The results are interpreted by use of the method of moments.

  13. 45 CFR 286.95 - What, if any, are the special rules concerning counting work for two-parent families?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... counting work for two-parent families? 286.95 Section 286.95 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public....95 What, if any, are the special rules concerning counting work for two-parent families? Parents in a two-parent family may share the number of hours required to be considered as engaged in work. ...

  14. Problems in counting and paying for multidisciplinary outpatient clinics.

    PubMed

    Jackson, T; Sevil, P

    1997-01-01

    Policy-makers have always found it problematic to formulate fair and consistent counting rules for public hospital outpatient activities. In the context of output-based funding, such rules have consequences which can affect patient care. This paper reviews the rationale for organising multidisciplinary clinics and reports on a series of focus groups convened in four Melbourne teaching hospitals to consider funding policy for such clinics. It discusses issues of targeting outpatient services, along with implications for payment policy. It evaluates counting rules in terms of intended and unintended consequences in the context of Victoria's introduction of output-based funding for outpatient services.

  15. Endohedral gallide cluster superconductors and superconductivity in ReGa5

    PubMed Central

    Xie, Weiwei; Luo, Huixia; Phelan, Brendan F.; Klimczuk, Tomasz; Cevallos, Francois Alexandre; Cava, Robert Joseph

    2015-01-01

    We present transition metal-embedded (T@Gan) endohedral Ga-clusters as a favorable structural motif for superconductivity and develop empirical, molecule-based, electron counting rules that govern the hierarchical architectures that the clusters assume in binary phases. Among the binary T@Gan endohedral cluster systems, Mo8Ga41, Mo6Ga31, Rh2Ga9, and Ir2Ga9 are all previously known superconductors. The well-known exotic superconductor PuCoGa5 and related phases are also members of this endohedral gallide cluster family. We show that electron-deficient compounds like Mo8Ga41 prefer architectures with vertex-sharing gallium clusters, whereas electron-rich compounds, like PdGa5, prefer edge-sharing cluster architectures. The superconducting transition temperatures are highest for the electron-poor, corner-sharing architectures. Based on this analysis, the previously unknown endohedral cluster compound ReGa5 is postulated to exist at an intermediate electron count and a mix of corner sharing and edge sharing cluster architectures. The empirical prediction is shown to be correct and leads to the discovery of superconductivity in ReGa5. The Fermi levels for endohedral gallide cluster compounds are located in deep pseudogaps in the electronic densities of states, an important factor in determining their chemical stability, while at the same time limiting their superconducting transition temperatures. PMID:26644566

  16. QCD constituent counting rules for neutral vector mesons

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Brodsky, Stanley J.; Lebed, Richard F.; Lyubovitskij, Valery E.

    QCD constituent counting rules define the scaling behavior of exclusive hadronic scattering and electromagnetic scattering amplitudes at high momentum transfer in terms of the total number of fundamental constituents in the initial and final states participating in the hard subprocess. The scaling laws reflect the twist of the leading Fock state for each hadron and hence the leading operator that creates the composite state from the vacuum. Thus, the constituent counting scaling laws can be used to identify the twist of exotic hadronic candidates such as tetraquarks and pentaquarks. Effective field theories must consistently implement the scaling rules in ordermore » to be consistent with the fundamental theory. Here in this paper, we examine how one can apply constituent counting rules for the exclusive production of one or two neutral vector mesons V 0 in e + e - annihilation, processes in which the V 0 can couple via intermediate photons. In the case of a (narrow) real V 0, the photon virtuality is fixed to a precise value s 1 = m2V 0, thus treating the V 0 as a single fundamental particle. Each real V 0 thus contributes to the constituent counting rules with NV0 = 1 . In effect, the leading operator underlying the V 0 has twist 1. Thus, in the specific physical case of single or double on-shell V 0 production via intermediate photons, the predicted scaling from counting rules coincides with vector-meson dominance (VMD), an effective theory that treats V 0 as an elementary field. However, the VMD prediction fails in the general case where the V 0 is not coupled through an elementary photon field, and then the leading-twist interpolating operator has twist NV 0 = 2 . Analogous effects appear in pp scattering processes.« less

  17. QCD constituent counting rules for neutral vector mesons

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Brodsky, Stanley J.; Lebed, Richard F.; Lyubovitskij, Valery E.

    2018-02-01

    QCD constituent counting rules define the scaling behavior of exclusive hadronic scattering and electromagnetic scattering amplitudes at high momentum transfer in terms of the total number of fundamental constituents in the initial and final states participating in the hard subprocess. The scaling laws reflect the twist of the leading Fock state for each hadron and hence the leading operator that creates the composite state from the vacuum. Thus, the constituent counting scaling laws can be used to identify the twist of exotic hadronic candidates such as tetraquarks and pentaquarks. Effective field theories must consistently implement the scaling rules in order to be consistent with the fundamental theory. Here, we examine how one can apply constituent counting rules for the exclusive production of one or two neutral vector mesons V0 in e+e- annihilation, processes in which the V0 can couple via intermediate photons. In the case of a (narrow) real V0, the photon virtuality is fixed to a precise value s1=mV02, thus treating the V0 as a single fundamental particle. Each real V0 thus contributes to the constituent counting rules with NV0=1. In effect, the leading operator underlying the V0 has twist 1. Thus, in the specific physical case of single or double on-shell V0 production via intermediate photons, the predicted scaling from counting rules coincides with vector-meson dominance (VMD), an effective theory that treats V0 as an elementary field. However, the VMD prediction fails in the general case where the V0 is not coupled through an elementary photon field, and then the leading-twist interpolating operator has twist NV 0=2 . Analogous effects appear in p p scattering processes.

  18. QCD constituent counting rules for neutral vector mesons

    DOE PAGES

    Brodsky, Stanley J.; Lebed, Richard F.; Lyubovitskij, Valery E.

    2018-02-08

    QCD constituent counting rules define the scaling behavior of exclusive hadronic scattering and electromagnetic scattering amplitudes at high momentum transfer in terms of the total number of fundamental constituents in the initial and final states participating in the hard subprocess. The scaling laws reflect the twist of the leading Fock state for each hadron and hence the leading operator that creates the composite state from the vacuum. Thus, the constituent counting scaling laws can be used to identify the twist of exotic hadronic candidates such as tetraquarks and pentaquarks. Effective field theories must consistently implement the scaling rules in ordermore » to be consistent with the fundamental theory. Here in this paper, we examine how one can apply constituent counting rules for the exclusive production of one or two neutral vector mesons V 0 in e + e - annihilation, processes in which the V 0 can couple via intermediate photons. In the case of a (narrow) real V 0, the photon virtuality is fixed to a precise value s 1 = m2V 0, thus treating the V 0 as a single fundamental particle. Each real V 0 thus contributes to the constituent counting rules with NV0 = 1 . In effect, the leading operator underlying the V 0 has twist 1. Thus, in the specific physical case of single or double on-shell V 0 production via intermediate photons, the predicted scaling from counting rules coincides with vector-meson dominance (VMD), an effective theory that treats V 0 as an elementary field. However, the VMD prediction fails in the general case where the V 0 is not coupled through an elementary photon field, and then the leading-twist interpolating operator has twist NV 0 = 2 . Analogous effects appear in pp scattering processes.« less

  19. Event-related potentials reveal the relations between feature representations at different levels of abstraction.

    PubMed

    Hannah, Samuel D; Shedden, Judith M; Brooks, Lee R; Grundy, John G

    2016-11-01

    In this paper, we use behavioural methods and event-related potentials (ERPs) to explore the relations between informational and instantiated features, as well as the relation between feature abstraction and rule type. Participants are trained to categorize two species of fictitious animals and then identify perceptually novel exemplars. Critically, two groups are given a perfectly predictive counting rule that, according to Hannah and Brooks (2009. Featuring familiarity: How a familiar feature instantiation influences categorization. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology/Revue Canadienne de Psychologie Expérimentale, 63, 263-275. Retrieved from http://doi.org/10.1037/a0017919), should orient them to using abstract informational features when categorizing the novel transfer items. A third group is taught a feature list rule, which should orient them to using detailed instantiated features. One counting-rule group were taught their rule before any exposure to the actual stimuli, and the other immediately after training, having learned the instantiations first. The feature-list group were also taught their rule after training. The ERP results suggest that at test, the two counting-rule groups processed items differently, despite their identical rule. This not only supports the distinction that informational and instantiated features are qualitatively different feature representations, but also implies that rules can readily operate over concrete inputs, in contradiction to traditional approaches that assume that rules necessarily act on abstract inputs.

  20. POSSIBLE EVIDENCE FOR A FISK-TYPE HELIOSPHERIC MAGNETIC FIELD. I. ANALYZING ULYSSES/KET ELECTRON OBSERVATIONS

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Sternal, O.; Heber, B.; Kopp, A.

    The propagation of energetic charged particles in the heliospheric magnetic field is one of the fundamental problems in heliophysics. In particular, the structure of the heliospheric magnetic field remains an unsolved problem and is discussed as a controversial topic. The first successful analytic approach to the structure of the heliospheric magnetic field was the Parker field. However, the measurements of the Ulysses spacecraft at high latitudes revealed the possible need for refinements of the existing magnetic field model during solar minimum. Among other reasons, this led to the development of the Fisk field. This approach is highly debated and couldmore » not be ruled out with magnetic field measurements so far. A promising method to trace this magnetic field structure is to model the propagation of electrons in the energy range of a few MeV. Employing three-dimensional and time-dependent simulations of the propagation of energetic electrons, this work shows that the influence of a Fisk-type field on the particle transport in the heliosphere leads to characteristic variations of the electron intensities on the timescale of a solar rotation. For the first time it is shown that the Ulysses count rates of 2.5-7 MeV electrons contain the imprint of a Fisk-type heliospheric magnetic field structure. From a comparison of simulation results and the Ulysses count rates, realistic parameters for the Fisk theory are derived. Furthermore, these parameters are used to investigate the modeled relative amplitudes of protons and electrons, including the effects of drifts.« less

  1. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Nakatsuji, Hiroshi, E-mail: h.nakatsuji@qcri.or.jp; Nakashima, Hiroyuki

    The Schrödinger equation (SE) and the antisymmetry principle constitute the governing principle of chemistry. A general method of solving the SE was presented before as the free complement (FC) theory, which gave highly accurate solutions for small atoms and molecules. We assume here to use the FC theory starting from the local valence bond wave function. When this theory is applied to larger molecules, antisymmetrizations of electronic wave functions become time-consuming and therefore, an additional breakthrough is necessary concerning the antisymmetry principle. Usually, in molecular calculations, we first construct the wave function to satisfy the antisymmetry rule, “electronic wave functionsmore » must be prescribed to be antisymmetric for all exchanges of electrons, otherwise bosonic interference may disturb the basis of the science.” Starting from determinantal wave functions is typical. Here, we give an antisymmetrization theory, called inter-exchange (iExg) theory, by dividing molecular antisymmetrizations to those within atoms and between atoms. For the electrons belonging to distant atoms in a molecule, only partial antisymmetrizations or even no antisymmetrizations are necessary, depending on the distance between the atoms. So, the above antisymmetry rule is not necessarily followed strictly to get the results of a desired accuracy. For this and other reasons, the necessary parts of the antisymmetrization operations become very small as molecules become larger, leading finally to the operation counts of lower orders of N, the number of electrons. This theory creates a natural antisymmetrization method that is useful for large molecules.« less

  2. On the constituent counting rule for hard exclusive processes involving multi-quark states

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Guo, Feng-Kun; Meißner, Ulf-G.; Wang, Wei

    2017-05-01

    At high energy, the cross section at finite scattering angle of a hard exclusive process falls off as a power of the Manderstam variable s. If all involved quark-gluon compositions undergo hard momentum transfers, the fall-off scaling is determined by the underlying valence structures of the initial and final hadrons, known as the constituent counting rule. In spite of the complication due to helicity conservation, it has been argued that when applied to exclusive process with exotic multiquark states, the counting rule is a powerful way to determine the valence degrees of freedom inside hadron exotics. In this work, we demonstrate that for hadrons with hidden flavors, the naive application of the constituent counting rule to exclusive process with hadron exotic multiquark states is problematic, since it is not mandatory for all components to participate in hard scattering at the scale . We illustrate the problems in the viewpoint based on effective field theory. We clarify the misleading results that may be obtained from the constituent counting rule in exclusive processes with exotic candidates such as , , X(3872), etc. Supported in part by DFG and NSFC through funds provided to the Sino-German CRC 110 “Symmetries and the Emergence of Structure in QCD” (NSFC Grant No. 11261130311), Thousand Talents Plan for Young Professionals, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) President’s International Fellowship Initiative (PIFI) (2015VMA076), National Natural Science Foundation of China (11575110, 11655002), Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (15DZ2272100, 15ZR1423100), Open Project Program of State Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (Y5KF111CJ1), and by Key Laboratory for Particle Physics, Astrophysics and Cosmology, Ministry of Education.

  3. Design and evaluation of a service oriented architecture for paperless ICU tarification.

    PubMed

    Steurbaut, Kristof; Colpaert, Kirsten; Van Hoecke, Sofie; Steurbaut, Sabrina; Danneels, Chris; Decruyenaere, Johan; De Turck, Filip

    2012-06-01

    The computerization of Intensive Care Units provides an overwhelming amount of electronic data for both medical and financial analysis. However, the current tarification, which is the process to tick and count patients' procedures, is still a repetitive, time-consuming process on paper. Nurses and secretaries keep track manually of the patients' medical procedures. This paper describes the design methodology and implementation of automated tarification services. In this study we investigate if the tarification can be modeled in service oriented architecture as a composition of interacting services. Services are responsible for data collection, automatic assignment of records to physicians and application of rules. Performance is evaluated in terms of execution time, cost evaluation and return on investment based on tracking of real procedures. The services provide high flexibility in terms of maintenance, integration and rules support. It is shown that services offer a more accurate, less time-consuming and cost-effective tarification.

  4. A Unified Approach to Electron Counting in Main-Group Clusters

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    McGrady, John E.

    2004-01-01

    A presentation of an extensive review of traditional approaches to teaching electron counting is given. The electron-precise clusters are usually taken as a reference point for rationalizing the structures of their electron-rich counterparts, which are characterized by valence electron counts greater than 5n.

  5. The Box-and-Dot Method: A Simple Strategy for Counting Significant Figures

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Stephenson, W. Kirk

    2009-08-01

    A visual method for counting significant digits is presented. This easy-to-learn (and easy-to-teach) method, designated the box-and-dot method, uses the device of "boxing" significant figures based on two simple rules, then counting the number of digits in the boxes.

  6. Extremely large magnetoresistance and Kohler's rule in PdSn 4 : A complete study of thermodynamic, transport, and band-structure properties

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Jo, Na Hyun; Wu, Yun; Wang, Lin-Lin

    The recently discovered material PtSn 4 is known to exhibit extremely large magnetoresistance (XMR) that also manifests Dirac arc nodes on the surface. PdSn 4 is isostructural to PtSn 4 with the same electron count. Here, we report on the physical properties of high-quality single crystals of PdSn 4 including specific heat, temperature- and magnetic-field-dependent resistivity and magnetization, and electronic band-structure properties obtained from angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES). We observe that PdSn 4 has physical properties that are qualitatively similar to those of PtSn 4 , but find also pronounced differences. Importantly, the Dirac arc node surface state of PtSnmore » 4 is gapped out for PdSn 4. By comparing these similar compounds, we address the origin of the extremely large magnetoresistance in PdSn 4 and PtSn 4; based on detailed analysis of the magnetoresistivity ρ ( H , T ) , we conclude that neither the carrier compensation nor the Dirac arc node surface state are the primary reason for the extremely large magnetoresistance. On the other hand, we also find that, surprisingly, Kohler's rule scaling of the magnetoresistance, which describes a self-similarity of the field-induced orbital electronic motion across different length scales and is derived for a simple electronic response of metals to an applied magnetic field is obeyed over the full range of temperatures and field strengths that we explore.« less

  7. Extremely large magnetoresistance and Kohler's rule in PdSn 4 : A complete study of thermodynamic, transport, and band-structure properties

    DOE PAGES

    Jo, Na Hyun; Wu, Yun; Wang, Lin-Lin; ...

    2017-10-27

    The recently discovered material PtSn 4 is known to exhibit extremely large magnetoresistance (XMR) that also manifests Dirac arc nodes on the surface. PdSn 4 is isostructural to PtSn 4 with the same electron count. Here, we report on the physical properties of high-quality single crystals of PdSn 4 including specific heat, temperature- and magnetic-field-dependent resistivity and magnetization, and electronic band-structure properties obtained from angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES). We observe that PdSn 4 has physical properties that are qualitatively similar to those of PtSn 4 , but find also pronounced differences. Importantly, the Dirac arc node surface state of PtSnmore » 4 is gapped out for PdSn 4. By comparing these similar compounds, we address the origin of the extremely large magnetoresistance in PdSn 4 and PtSn 4; based on detailed analysis of the magnetoresistivity ρ ( H , T ) , we conclude that neither the carrier compensation nor the Dirac arc node surface state are the primary reason for the extremely large magnetoresistance. On the other hand, we also find that, surprisingly, Kohler's rule scaling of the magnetoresistance, which describes a self-similarity of the field-induced orbital electronic motion across different length scales and is derived for a simple electronic response of metals to an applied magnetic field is obeyed over the full range of temperatures and field strengths that we explore.« less

  8. Evaluation of rules to distinguish unique female grizzly bears with cubs in Yellowstone

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Schwartz, C.C.; Haroldson, M.A.; Cherry, S.; Keating, K.A.

    2008-01-01

    The United States Fish and Wildlife Service uses counts of unduplicated female grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) with cubs-of-the-year to establish limits of sustainable mortality in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, USA. Sightings are dustered into observations of unique bears based on an empirically derived rule set. The method has never been tested or verified. To evaluate the rule set, we used data from radiocollared females obtained during 1975-2004 to simulate populations under varying densities, distributions, and sighting frequencies. We tested individual rules and rule-set performance, using custom software to apply the rule-set and duster sightings. Results indicated most rules were violated to some degree, and rule-based dustering consistently underestimated the minimum number of females and total population size derived from a nonparametric estimator (Chao2). We conclude that the current rule set returns conservative estimates, but with minor improvements, counts of unduplicated females-with-cubs can serve as a reasonable index of population size useful for establishing annual mortality limits. For the Yellowstone population, the index is more practical and cost-effective than capture-mark-recapture using either DNA hair snagging or aerial surveys with radiomarked bears. The method has useful application in other ecosystems, but we recommend rules used to distinguish unique females be adapted to local conditions and tested.

  9. The Box-and-Dot Method: A Simple Strategy for Counting Significant Figures

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Stephenson, W. Kirk

    2009-01-01

    A visual method for counting significant digits is presented. This easy-to-learn (and easy-to-teach) method, designated the box-and-dot method, uses the device of "boxing" significant figures based on two simple rules, then counting the number of digits in the boxes. (Contains 4 notes.)

  10. 49 CFR 26.69 - What rules govern determinations of ownership?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    .... Assets held in a revocable living trust may be counted only in the situation where the same disadvantaged... overcome this presumption and permit the interests or assets to be counted, the disadvantaged individual... or the firm is domiciled. You do not count a greater portion of joint or community property assets...

  11. High-frequency predictions for number counts and spectral properties of extragalactic radio sources. New evidence of a break at mm wavelengths in spectra of bright blazar sources

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Tucci, M.; Toffolatti, L.; de Zotti, G.; Martínez-González, E.

    2011-09-01

    We present models to predict high-frequency counts of extragalactic radio sources using physically grounded recipes to describe the complex spectral behaviour of blazars that dominate the mm-wave counts at bright flux densities. We show that simple power-law spectra are ruled out by high-frequency (ν ≥ 100 GHz) data. These data also strongly constrain models featuring the spectral breaks predicted by classical physical models for the synchrotron emission produced in jets of blazars. A model dealing with blazars as a single population is, at best, only marginally consistent with data coming from current surveys at high radio frequencies. Our most successful model assumes different distributions of break frequencies, νM, for BL Lacs and flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs). The former objects have substantially higher values of νM, implying that the synchrotron emission comes from more compact regions; therefore, a substantial increase of the BL Lac fraction at high radio frequencies and at bright flux densities is predicted. Remarkably, our best model is able to give a very good fit to all the observed data on number counts and on distributions of spectral indices of extragalactic radio sources at frequencies above 5 and up to 220 GHz. Predictions for the forthcoming sub-mm blazar counts from Planck, at the highest HFI frequencies, and from Herschel surveys are also presented. Appendices are available in electronic form at http://www.aanda.org

  12. 20 CFR 416.1141 - When the presumed value rule applies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ....1141 Section 416.1141 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION SUPPLEMENTAL SECURITY INCOME FOR THE AGED, BLIND, AND DISABLED Income In-Kind Support and Maintenance § 416.1141 When the presumed value rule applies. The presumed value rule applies whenever we must count in-kind support and...

  13. 20 CFR 416.1141 - When the presumed value rule applies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ....1141 Section 416.1141 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION SUPPLEMENTAL SECURITY INCOME FOR THE AGED, BLIND, AND DISABLED Income In-Kind Support and Maintenance § 416.1141 When the presumed value rule applies. The presumed value rule applies whenever we must count in-kind support and...

  14. State Counting for Excited Bands of the Fractional Quantum Hall Effect: Exclusion Rules for Bound Excitons

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Coimbatore Balram, Ajit; Wójs, Arkadiusz; Jain, Jainendra

    2014-03-01

    Exact diagonalization studies have revealed that the energy spectrum of interacting electrons in the lowest Landau level splits, non-perturbatively, into bands. The theory of nearly free composite fermions (CFs) has been shown to be valid for the lowest band, and thus to capture the low temperature physics, but it over-predicts the number of states for the excited bands. We explain the state counting of higher bands in terms of composite fermions with an infinitely strong short range interaction between a CF particle and a CF hole. This interaction, the form of which we derive from the microscopic CF theory, eliminates configurations containing certain tightly bound CF excitons. With this modification, the CF theory reproduces, for all well-defined excited bands, an exact counting for ν > 1 / 3 , and an almost exact counting for ν <= 1 / 3 . The resulting insight clarifies that the corrections to the nearly free CF theory are not thermodynamically significant at sufficiently low temperatures, thus providing a microscopic explanation for why it has proved successful for the analysis of the various properties of the CF Fermi sea. NSF grants DMR-1005536 and DMR-0820404, Polish NCN grant 2011/01/B/ST3/04504 and EU Marie Curie Grant PCIG09-GA-2011-294186, Research Computing and Cyberinfrastructure, PSU and Wroclaw Centre for Networking and Supercomputing

  15. Platelet counting using the Coulter electronic counter.

    PubMed

    Eggleton, M J; Sharp, A A

    1963-03-01

    A method for counting platelets in dilutions of platelet-rich plasm using the Coulter electronic counter is described.(1) The results obtained show that such platelet counts are at least as accurate as the best methods of visual counting. The various technical difficulties encountered are discussed.

  16. Platelet counting using the Coulter electronic counter

    PubMed Central

    Eggleton, M. J.; Sharp, A. A.

    1963-01-01

    A method for counting platelets in dilutions of platelet-rich plasm using the Coulter electronic counter is described.1 The results obtained show that such platelet counts are at least as accurate as the best methods of visual counting. The various technical difficulties encountered are discussed. PMID:16811002

  17. 42 CFR 422.104 - Special rules on supplemental benefits for MA MSA plans.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Special rules on supplemental benefits for MA MSA... Beneficiary Protections § 422.104 Special rules on supplemental benefits for MA MSA plans. (a) An MA organization offering an MA MSA plan may not provide supplemental benefits that cover expenses that count...

  18. 42 CFR 422.104 - Special rules on supplemental benefits for MA MSA plans.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Special rules on supplemental benefits for MA MSA... Beneficiary Protections § 422.104 Special rules on supplemental benefits for MA MSA plans. (a) An MA organization offering an MA MSA plan may not provide supplemental benefits that cover expenses that count...

  19. Measuring Transmission Efficiencies Of Mass Spectrometers

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Srivastava, Santosh K.

    1989-01-01

    Coincidence counts yield absolute efficiencies. System measures mass-dependent transmission efficiencies of mass spectrometers, using coincidence-counting techniques reminiscent of those used for many years in calibration of detectors for subatomic particles. Coincidences between detected ions and electrons producing them counted during operation of mass spectrometer. Under certain assumptions regarding inelastic scattering of electrons, electron/ion-coincidence count is direct measure of transmission efficiency of spectrometer. When fully developed, system compact, portable, and used routinely to calibrate mass spectrometers.

  20. A comparison of manual and electronic counting for total nucleated cell counts on synovial fluid from canine stifle joints.

    PubMed

    Atilola, M A; Lumsden, J H; Rooke, F

    1986-04-01

    Synovial fluids collected from the stifle joints of 20 physically normal adult dogs were subjected to cytological examination. A total nucleated cell count was performed on each sample using both an electronic cell counter and a hemocytometer. The mean of the total counts done with the electronic counter was significantly higher (1008 cells/microL) than that obtained manually with the hemocytometer (848 cells/microL).

  1. Stochastic approach and fluctuation theorem for charge transport in diodes

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gu, Jiayin; Gaspard, Pierre

    2018-05-01

    A stochastic approach for charge transport in diodes is developed in consistency with the laws of electricity, thermodynamics, and microreversibility. In this approach, the electron and hole densities are ruled by diffusion-reaction stochastic partial differential equations and the electric field generated by the charges is determined with the Poisson equation. These equations are discretized in space for the numerical simulations of the mean density profiles, the mean electric potential, and the current-voltage characteristics. Moreover, the full counting statistics of the carrier current and the measured total current including the contribution of the displacement current are investigated. On the basis of local detailed balance, the fluctuation theorem is shown to hold for both currents.

  2. Single electron counting using a dual MCP assembly

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yang, Yuzhen; Liu, Shulin; Zhao, Tianchi; Yan, Baojun; Wang, Peiliang; Yu, Yang; Lei, Xiangcui; Yang, Luping; Wen, Kaile; Qi, Ming; Heng, Yuekun

    2016-09-01

    The gain, pulse height resolution and peak-to-valley ratio of single electrons detected by using a Chevron configured Microchannel Plate (MCP) assembly are studied. The two MCPs are separated by a 280 μm gap and are biased by four electrodes. The purpose of the study is to determine the optimum bias voltage arrangements for single electron counting. By comparing the results of various bias voltage combinations, we conclude that good performance for the electron counting can be achieved by operating the MCP assembly in saturation mode. In addition, by applying a small reverse bias voltage across the gap while adjusting the bias voltages of the MCPs, optimum performance of electron counting can be obtained.

  3. Education and Training for TANF Recipients: Opportunities and Challenges under the Final Rule

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Lower-Basch, Elizabeth

    2008-01-01

    On February 5, 2008, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) published the final rules implementing changes in the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program made by the Deficit Reduction Act of 2005 (DRA). While these rules do not affect the overall statutory limitations on counting education and training toward the…

  4. Evaluating Machine Learning Classifiers for Hybrid Network Intrusion Detection Systems

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2015-03-26

    7 VRT Vulnerability Research Team...and the Talos (formerly the Vulnerability Research Team ( VRT )) [7] 7 ruleset libraries are the two leading rulesets in use. Both libraries offer paid...rule sets to load for the signature-based IDS. Snort is selected as the IDS engine using the “ VRT and ET No/GPL” rule set. The total rule count in the

  5. Electronic Structure Properties and a Bonding Model of Thermoelectric Half-Heusler and Boride Phases

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Simonson, Jack William

    Half-Heusler alloys MNiSn and MCoSb (M = Ti, Zr, Hf) and layered boride intermetallics with structure types YCrB4 and Er 3CrB7 were designed, synthesized, and characterized. The thermoelectric properties of these two classes of alloys were measured from room temperature to 1100 K with the intent of indirectly studying their electronic structure properties and gauging not only their suitability but that of related alloys for high temperature thermoelectric power generation. In the case of the half-Heusler alloys, transition metals were substituted to both the M and Ni/Co sites to study the resultant modifications of the d-orbital-rich portion of the electronic structure near the Fermi energy. This modification and subsequent pinning of the Fermi energy within the gap is discussed herein in terms of first principles electronic structure calculations from the literature. In the half-Heusler alloys, it was found that substitution of transition metals invariably led to a decrease in the thermopower, while the resistivity typically maintained its semiconducting trend. On the other hand, Sn doping in MCoSb type alloys -- a dopant that has been known for some time to be efficient -- was shown to result in high ZT at temperatures in excess of 1000 K. Moreover, the band gaps of the transition metal-doped alloys measured in this work offer insight into the discrepancy between the predicted and measured band gaps in the undoped parent compositions. In the case of the layered boride alloys, on the other hand, few electronic calculations have been published, thus prompting the generalization of a well-known electron counting rule -- which is typically used to study molecular organometallics, boranes, and metallocenes -- to predict the trends in the densities of states of crystalline solids that possess the requisite deltahedral bonding geometry. In accordance with these generalized electronic counting rules, alloys of the form RMB4 (R = Y, Gd, Ho; M = Cr, Mo, W) were measured to be n-type semiconductors with band gaps ranging from 0.15 eV to 0.25 eV. These alloys exhibited thermoelectric power factors comparable with those of other potential boride thermoelectric materials reported in the literature. Furthermore, as a result of the procedure developed for precision synthesis of boron-rich intermetallics and the improved understanding of bonding trends, layered borides of several previously overlooked structure-types were synthesized and screened for superconductivity. Consequently, alloys of the MoB4 phase were discovered to be superconducting when doped with Nb or Ti. Electrical resistivity measurements of superconducting transitions between 6 and 8 K in these materials were confirmed via magnetic susceptibility measurements and x-ray diffraction. Structural measurements indicated opposite trends in lattice modification than those reported for the superconducting transition metal diborides.

  6. 41 CFR 302-7.4 - Does the weight of any professional books, papers and equipment (PBP&E) count against the 18,000...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... professional books, papers and equipment (PBP&E) count against the 18,000 pound HHG weight limitation? 302-7.4... AND PROFESSIONAL BOOKS, PAPERS, AND EQUIPMENT (PBP&E) General Rules § 302-7.4 Does the weight of any professional books, papers and equipment (PBP&E) count against the 18,000 pound HHG weight limitation? Yes, the...

  7. Current automated 3D cell detection methods are not a suitable replacement for manual stereologic cell counting

    PubMed Central

    Schmitz, Christoph; Eastwood, Brian S.; Tappan, Susan J.; Glaser, Jack R.; Peterson, Daniel A.; Hof, Patrick R.

    2014-01-01

    Stereologic cell counting has had a major impact on the field of neuroscience. A major bottleneck in stereologic cell counting is that the user must manually decide whether or not each cell is counted according to three-dimensional (3D) stereologic counting rules by visual inspection within hundreds of microscopic fields-of-view per investigated brain or brain region. Reliance on visual inspection forces stereologic cell counting to be very labor-intensive and time-consuming, and is the main reason why biased, non-stereologic two-dimensional (2D) “cell counting” approaches have remained in widespread use. We present an evaluation of the performance of modern automated cell detection and segmentation algorithms as a potential alternative to the manual approach in stereologic cell counting. The image data used in this study were 3D microscopic images of thick brain tissue sections prepared with a variety of commonly used nuclear and cytoplasmic stains. The evaluation compared the numbers and locations of cells identified unambiguously and counted exhaustively by an expert observer with those found by three automated 3D cell detection algorithms: nuclei segmentation from the FARSIGHT toolkit, nuclei segmentation by 3D multiple level set methods, and the 3D object counter plug-in for ImageJ. Of these methods, FARSIGHT performed best, with true-positive detection rates between 38 and 99% and false-positive rates from 3.6 to 82%. The results demonstrate that the current automated methods suffer from lower detection rates and higher false-positive rates than are acceptable for obtaining valid estimates of cell numbers. Thus, at present, stereologic cell counting with manual decision for object inclusion according to unbiased stereologic counting rules remains the only adequate method for unbiased cell quantification in histologic tissue sections. PMID:24847213

  8. 75 FR 1617 - Cross-Media Electronic Reporting Rule State Authorized Program Revision Approval: State of New York

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-01-12

    ... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY [FRL-9102-4] Cross-Media Electronic Reporting Rule State...: Notice. SUMMARY: This notice announces EPA's approval, under regulations for Cross-Media Electronic... October 13, 2005, the final Cross-Media Electronic Reporting Rule (CROMERR) was published in the Federal...

  9. Pulse pile-up in hard X-ray detector systems. [for solar X-rays

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Datlowe, D. W.

    1975-01-01

    When pulse-height spectra are measured by a nuclear detection system at high counting rates, the probability that two or more pulses will arrive within the resolving time of the system is significant. This phenomenon, pulse pile-up, distorts the pulse-height spectrum and must be considered in the interpretation of spectra taken at high counting rates. A computational technique for the simulation of pile-up is developed. The model is examined in the three regimes where (1) the time between pulses is long compared to the detector-system resolving time, (2) the time between pulses is comparable to the resolving time, and (3) many pulses occur within the resolving time. The technique is used to model the solar hard X-ray experiment on the OSO-7 satellite; comparison of the model with data taken during three large flares shows excellent agreement. The paper also describes rule-of-thumb tests for pile-up and identifies the important detector design factors for minimizing pile-up, i.e., thick entrance windows and short resolving times in the system electronics.

  10. The counting abilities of children with specific language impairment: a comparison of oral and gestural tasks.

    PubMed

    Fazio, B B

    1994-04-01

    This study examined the counting abilities of preschool children with specific language impairment compared to language-matched and mental-age-matched peers. In order to determine the nature of the difficulties SLI children exhibited in counting, the subjects participated in a series of oral counting tasks and a series of gestural tasks that used an invented counting system based on pointing to body parts. Despite demonstrating knowledge of many of the rules associated with counting, SLI preschool children displayed marked difficulty in counting objects. On oral counting tasks, they showed difficulty with rote counting, displayed a limited repertoire of number terms, and miscounted sets of objects. However, on gestural counting tasks, SLI children's performance was significantly better. These findings suggest that SLI children have a specific difficulty with the rote sequential aspect of learning number words.

  11. A high dynamic range pulse counting detection system for mass spectrometry.

    PubMed

    Collings, Bruce A; Dima, Martian D; Ivosev, Gordana; Zhong, Feng

    2014-01-30

    A high dynamic range pulse counting system has been developed that demonstrates an ability to operate at up to 2e8 counts per second (cps) on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. Previous pulse counting detection systems have typically been limited to about 1e7 cps at the upper end of the systems dynamic range. Modifications to the detection electronics and dead time correction algorithm are described in this paper. A high gain transimpedance amplifier is employed that allows a multi-channel electron multiplier to be operated at a significantly lower bias potential than in previous pulse counting systems. The system utilises a high-energy conversion dynode, a multi-channel electron multiplier, a high gain transimpedance amplifier, non-paralysing detection electronics and a modified dead time correction algorithm. Modification of the dead time correction algorithm is necessary due to a characteristic of the pulse counting electronics. A pulse counting detection system with the capability to count at ion arrival rates of up to 2e8 cps is described. This is shown to provide a linear dynamic range of nearly five orders of magnitude for a sample of aprazolam with concentrations ranging from 0.0006970 ng/mL to 3333 ng/mL while monitoring the m/z 309.1 → m/z 205.2 transition. This represents an upward extension of the detector's linear dynamic range of about two orders of magnitude. A new high dynamic range pulse counting system has been developed demonstrating the ability to operate at up to 2e8 cps on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. This provides an upward extension of the detector's linear dynamic range by about two orders of magnitude over previous pulse counting systems. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  12. Architecture of clathrin fullerene cages reflects a geometric constraint--the head-to-tail exclusion rule--and a preference for asymmetry.

    PubMed

    Schein, Stan

    2009-03-27

    Fullerene cages have n trivalent vertices, 12 pentagonal faces, and (n-20)/2 hexagonal faces. The smallest cage in which all of the pentagons are surrounded by hexagons and thus isolated from each other has 60 vertices and is shaped like a soccer ball. The protein clathrin self-assembles into fullerene cages of a variety of sizes and shapes, including smaller ones with adjacent pentagons as well as larger ones, but the variety is limited. To explain the range of clathrin architecture and how these fullerene cages self-assemble, we proposed a hypothesis, the "head-to-tail exclusion rule" (the "Rule"). Of the 5769 small clathrin cage isomers with n< or =60 vertices and adjacent pentagons, the Rule permits just 15, three identified in 1976 and 12 others. A "weak version" of the Rule permits another 99. Based on cryo-electron tomography, Cheng et al. reported six raw clathrin fullerene cages. One was among the three identified in 1976. Here, (1) we identify the remaining five. (2) Four are new and are among the 12 others permitted by the Rule. (3) One, also new, is among the 99 weak version cages. (4) Of particular note, none of the remaining 5565 excluded cages has been identified. These findings provide powerful experimental confirmation of the Rule and the principle on which it is based. (5) Surprisingly, the newly identified clathrin cages are among the least symmetric of those permitted. (6) By devising a method for counting assembly paths, (7) we show that asymmetric cages can be assembled by larger numbers of paths, thus providing a kinetic explanation for the prevalence of asymmetric cages. (8) Finally, we show that operation during cage growth of the Rule greatly increases the likelihood of producing a closed fullerene cage, specifically one of those permitted, but efficient assembly still appears to require internal remodeling.

  13. 20 CFR 416.1170 - General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ...' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION SUPPLEMENTAL SECURITY INCOME FOR THE AGED, BLIND, AND DISABLED Income Alternative Income Counting Rules for Certain Blind Individuals § 416.1170 General. (a) What the alternative is. If you are blind and meet the requirements in § 416.1171, we use one of two rules to see how...

  14. 20 CFR 416.1170 - General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ...' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION SUPPLEMENTAL SECURITY INCOME FOR THE AGED, BLIND, AND DISABLED Income Alternative Income Counting Rules for Certain Blind Individuals § 416.1170 General. (a) What the alternative is. If you are blind and meet the requirements in § 416.1171, we use one of two rules to see how...

  15. 20 CFR 416.1170 - General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ...' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION SUPPLEMENTAL SECURITY INCOME FOR THE AGED, BLIND, AND DISABLED Income Alternative Income Counting Rules for Certain Blind Individuals § 416.1170 General. (a) What the alternative is. If you are blind and meet the requirements in § 416.1171, we use one of two rules to see how...

  16. 20 CFR 416.1170 - General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ...' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION SUPPLEMENTAL SECURITY INCOME FOR THE AGED, BLIND, AND DISABLED Income Alternative Income Counting Rules for Certain Blind Individuals § 416.1170 General. (a) What the alternative is. If you are blind and meet the requirements in § 416.1171, we use one of two rules to see how...

  17. 20 CFR 416.1170 - General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ...' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION SUPPLEMENTAL SECURITY INCOME FOR THE AGED, BLIND, AND DISABLED Income Alternative Income Counting Rules for Certain Blind Individuals § 416.1170 General. (a) What the alternative is. If you are blind and meet the requirements in § 416.1171, we use one of two rules to see how...

  18. 20 CFR 416.1182 - When we begin to count the income excluded under the plan.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false When we begin to count the income excluded under the plan. 416.1182 Section 416.1182 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION SUPPLEMENTAL SECURITY INCOME FOR THE AGED, BLIND, AND DISABLED Income Rules for Helping Blind and Disabled...

  19. 20 CFR 416.1182 - When we begin to count the income excluded under the plan.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false When we begin to count the income excluded under the plan. 416.1182 Section 416.1182 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION SUPPLEMENTAL SECURITY INCOME FOR THE AGED, BLIND, AND DISABLED Income Rules for Helping Blind and Disabled...

  20. 20 CFR 416.1182 - When we begin to count the income excluded under the plan.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false When we begin to count the income excluded under the plan. 416.1182 Section 416.1182 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION SUPPLEMENTAL SECURITY INCOME FOR THE AGED, BLIND, AND DISABLED Income Rules for Helping Blind and Disabled...

  1. 20 CFR 416.1182 - When we begin to count the income excluded under the plan.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false When we begin to count the income excluded under the plan. 416.1182 Section 416.1182 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION SUPPLEMENTAL SECURITY INCOME FOR THE AGED, BLIND, AND DISABLED Income Rules for Helping Blind and Disabled...

  2. Carving up Word Meaning: Portioning and Grinding

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Frisson, S.; Frazier, L.

    2005-01-01

    Two eye-tracking experiments investigated the processing of mass nouns used as count nouns and count nouns used as mass nouns. Following Copestake and Briscoe (1995), the basic or underived sense of a word was treated as the input to a derivational rule (''grinding'' or ''portioning'') which produced the derived sense as output. It was…

  3. Simple Identification of Complex ADHD Subtypes Using Current Symptom Counts

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Volk, Heather E.; Todorov, Alexandre A.; Hay, David A.; Todd, Richard D.

    2009-01-01

    The results of the assessment of the accuracy of simple rules based on symptom count for assigning youths to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder subtypes show that having six or more total symptoms and fewer than three hyperactive-impulsive symptoms is an accurate predictor for the latent class sever inattentive subtype.

  4. Low-dose electron energy-loss spectroscopy using electron counting direct detectors.

    PubMed

    Maigné, Alan; Wolf, Matthias

    2018-03-01

    Since the development of parallel electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), charge-coupled devices (CCDs) have been the default detectors for EELS. With the recent development of electron-counting direct-detection cameras, micrographs can be acquired under very low electron doses at significantly improved signal-to-noise ratio. In spectroscopy, in particular in combination with a monochromator, the signal can be extremely weak and the detection limit is principally defined by noise introduced by the detector. Here we report the use of an electron-counting direct-detection camera for EEL spectroscopy. We studied the oxygen K edge of amorphous ice and obtained a signal noise ratio up to 10 times higher than with a conventional CCD.We report the application of electron counting to record time-resolved EEL spectra of a biological protein embedded in amorphous ice, revealing chemical changes observed in situ while exposed by the electron beam. A change in the fine structure of nitrogen K and the carbon K edges were recorded during irradiation. A concentration of 3 at% nitrogen was detected with a total electron dose of only 1.7 e-/Å2, extending the boundaries of EELS signal detection at low electron doses.

  5. Precision Measurement of the Be7 Solar Neutrino Interaction Rate in Borexino

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bellini, G.; Benziger, J.; Bick, D.; Bonetti, S.; Bonfini, G.; Buizza Avanzini, M.; Caccianiga, B.; Cadonati, L.; Calaprice, F.; Carraro, C.; Cavalcante, P.; Chavarria, A.; D'Angelo, D.; Davini, S.; Derbin, A.; Etenko, A.; Fomenko, K.; Franco, D.; Galbiati, C.; Gazzana, S.; Ghiano, C.; Giammarchi, M.; Goeger-Neff, M.; Goretti, A.; Grandi, L.; Guardincerri, E.; Hardy, S.; Ianni, Aldo; Ianni, Andrea; Kobychev, V.; Korablev, D.; Korga, G.; Koshio, Y.; Kryn, D.; Laubenstein, M.; Lewke, T.; Litvinovich, E.; Loer, B.; Lombardi, F.; Lombardi, P.; Ludhova, L.; Machulin, I.; Manecki, S.; Maneschg, W.; Manuzio, G.; Meindl, Q.; Meroni, E.; Miramonti, L.; Misiaszek, M.; Montanari, D.; Mosteiro, P.; Muratova, V.; Oberauer, L.; Obolensky, M.; Ortica, F.; Pallavicini, M.; Papp, L.; Peña-Garay, C.; Perasso, L.; Perasso, S.; Pocar, A.; Raghavan, R. S.; Ranucci, G.; Razeto, A.; Re, A.; Romani, A.; Sabelnikov, A.; Saldanha, R.; Salvo, C.; Schönert, S.; Simgen, H.; Skorokhvatov, M.; Smirnov, O.; Sotnikov, A.; Sukhotin, S.; Suvorov, Y.; Tartaglia, R.; Testera, G.; Vignaud, D.; Vogelaar, R. B.; von Feilitzsch, F.; Winter, J.; Wojcik, M.; Wright, A.; Wurm, M.; Xu, J.; Zaimidoroga, O.; Zavatarelli, S.; Zuzel, G.

    2011-09-01

    The rate of neutrino-electron elastic scattering interactions from 862 keV Be7 solar neutrinos in Borexino is determined to be 46.0±1.5(stat)-1.6+1.5(syst)counts/(day·100ton). This corresponds to a νe-equivalent Be7 solar neutrino flux of (3.10±0.15)×109cm-2s-1 and, under the assumption of νe transition to other active neutrino flavours, yields an electron neutrino survival probability of 0.51±0.07 at 862 keV. The no flavor change hypothesis is ruled out at 5.0σ. A global solar neutrino analysis with free fluxes determines Φpp=6.06-0.06+0.02×1010cm-2s-1 and ΦCNO<1.3×109cm-2s-1 (95% C.L.). These results significantly improve the precision with which the Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein large mixing angle neutrino oscillation model is experimentally tested at low energy.

  6. Final NPDES Electronic Reporting Rule Fact Sheet

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Fact sheet explaining the National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Electronic Reporting Rule. The fact sheet provides information on the purpose of the rule, benefits and implementation.

  7. Marketing/Sales Students' Understanding of What Counts as Sales

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hoshower, Leon; Gupta, Ashok K.

    2009-01-01

    Improper sales revenue recognition is the single largest issue contributing to financial restatements. Understanding and applying the rules of sales revenue recognition is not just an accounting problem; it is a marketing problem, too. Thus, it is important that the sales force has a basic understanding of the rules of sales recognition and be…

  8. Mapping the layer count of few-layer hexagonal boron nitride at high lateral spatial resolutions

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Mohsin, Ali; Cross, Nicholas G.; Liu, Lei; Watanabe, Kenji; Taniguchi, Takashi; Duscher, Gerd; Gu, Gong

    2018-01-01

    Layer count control and uniformity of two dimensional (2D) layered materials are critical to the investigation of their properties and to their electronic device applications, but methods to map 2D material layer count at nanometer-level lateral spatial resolutions have been lacking. Here, we demonstrate a method based on two complementary techniques widely available in transmission electron microscopes (TEMs) to map the layer count of multilayer hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) films. The mass-thickness contrast in high-angle annular dark-field (HAADF) imaging in the scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) mode allows for thickness determination in atomically clean regions with high spatial resolution (sub-nanometer), but is limited by surface contamination. To complement, another technique based on the boron K ionization edge in the electron energy loss spectroscopy spectrum (EELS) of h-BN is developed to quantify the layer count so that surface contamination does not cause an overestimate, albeit at a lower spatial resolution (nanometers). The two techniques agree remarkably well in atomically clean regions with discrepancies within  ±1 layer. For the first time, the layer count uniformity on the scale of nanometers is quantified for a 2D material. The methodology is applicable to layer count mapping of other 2D layered materials, paving the way toward the synthesis of multilayer 2D materials with homogeneous layer count.

  9. 29 CFR 4006.5 - Exemptions and special rules.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... the last day of the prior plan year. (d) Participant count date; new and newly-covered plans. The participant count date of a new plan or a newly-covered plan for a plan year is the first day of the plan year. For this purpose, a new plan's first plan year begins on the plan's effective date. (e) Participant...

  10. 29 CFR 4006.5 - Exemptions and special rules.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... the last day of the prior plan year. (d) Participant count date; new and newly-covered plans. The participant count date of a new plan or a newly-covered plan for a plan year is the first day of the plan year. For this purpose, a new plan's first plan year begins on the plan's effective date. (e) Participant...

  11. 29 CFR 4006.5 - Exemptions and special rules.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... the last day of the prior plan year. (d) Participant count date; new and newly-covered plans. The participant count date of a new plan or a newly-covered plan for a plan year is the first day of the plan year. For this purpose, a new plan's first plan year begins on the plan's effective date. (e) Participant...

  12. 29 CFR 4006.5 - Exemptions and special rules.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... the last day of the prior plan year. (d) Participant count date; new and newly-covered plans. The participant count date of a new plan or a newly-covered plan for a plan year is the first day of the plan year. For this purpose, a new plan's first plan year begins on the plan's effective date. (e) Participant...

  13. When Practice Doesn't Lead to Retrieval: An Analysis of Children's Errors with Simple Addition

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    de Villiers, Celéste; Hopkins, Sarah

    2013-01-01

    Counting strategies initially used by young children to perform simple addition are often replaced by more efficient counting strategies, decomposition strategies and rule-based strategies until most answers are encoded in memory and can be directly retrieved. Practice is thought to be the key to developing fluent retrieval of addition facts. This…

  14. 75 FR 3463 - Cross-Media Electronic Reporting Rule State Authorized Program Revision Approval: State of North...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-01-21

    ... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY [FRL-9104-9] Cross-Media Electronic Reporting Rule State...). ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: This notice announces EPA's approval, under regulations for Cross-Media... INFORMATION: On October 13, 2005, the final Cross-Media Electronic Reporting Rule (CROMERR) was published in...

  15. NEMA count-rate evaluation of the first and second generation of the Ecat Exact and Ecat Exact HR family of scanners

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Eriksson, L.; Wienhard, K.; Eriksson, M.; Casey, M. E.; Knoess, C.; Bruckbauer, T.; Hamill, J.; Mulnix, T.; Vollmar, S.; Bendriem, B.; Heiss, W. D.; Nutt, R.

    2002-06-01

    The first and second generation of the Exact and Exact HR family of scanners has been evaluated in terms of noise equivalent count rate (NEC) and count-rate capabilities. The new National Electrical Manufacturers Association standard was used for the evaluation. In spite of improved electronics and improved count-rate capabilities, the peak NEC was found to be fairly constant between the generations. The results are discussed in terms of the different electronic solutions for the two generations and its implications on system dead time and NEC count-rate capability.

  16. Non-Markovian full counting statistics in quantum dot molecules

    PubMed Central

    Xue, Hai-Bin; Jiao, Hu-Jun; Liang, Jiu-Qing; Liu, Wu-Ming

    2015-01-01

    Full counting statistics of electron transport is a powerful diagnostic tool for probing the nature of quantum transport beyond what is obtainable from the average current or conductance measurement alone. In particular, the non-Markovian dynamics of quantum dot molecule plays an important role in the nonequilibrium electron tunneling processes. It is thus necessary to understand the non-Markovian full counting statistics in a quantum dot molecule. Here we study the non-Markovian full counting statistics in two typical quantum dot molecules, namely, serially coupled and side-coupled double quantum dots with high quantum coherence in a certain parameter regime. We demonstrate that the non-Markovian effect manifests itself through the quantum coherence of the quantum dot molecule system, and has a significant impact on the full counting statistics in the high quantum-coherent quantum dot molecule system, which depends on the coupling of the quantum dot molecule system with the source and drain electrodes. The results indicated that the influence of the non-Markovian effect on the full counting statistics of electron transport, which should be considered in a high quantum-coherent quantum dot molecule system, can provide a better understanding of electron transport through quantum dot molecules. PMID:25752245

  17. Final rules relating to use of electronic communication and recordkeeping technologies by employee pension and welfare benefit plans. Notice of final rulemaking.

    PubMed

    2002-04-09

    This document contains final rules under Title I of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (ERISA), concerning the disclosure of certain employee benefit plan information through electronic media, and the maintenance and retention of employee benefit plan records in electronic form. The rules establish a safe harbor pursuant to which all pension and welfare benefit plans covered by Title I of ERISA may use electronic media to satisfy disclosure obligations under Title I of ERISA. The rules also provide standards concerning the use of electronic media in the maintenance and retention of records required by sections 107 and 209 of ERISA. The rules affect employee pension and welfare benefit plans, including group health plans, plan sponsors, administrators and fiduciaries, and plan participants and beneficiaries.

  18. 78 FR 16749 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; BOX Options Exchange LLC; Notice of Filing of Proposed Rule Change...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-03-18

    ...). The Limit Up-Limit Down Plan is designed to prevent executions from occurring outside of dynamic price... count for purposes of calculating whether a Market Maker is fulfilling its obligations for continuous... Organizations; BOX Options Exchange LLC; Notice of Filing of Proposed Rule Change To Clarify How the Exchange...

  19. 29 CFR 825.603 - Special rules for school employees, duration of FMLA leave.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF LABOR OTHER LAWS THE FAMILY AND MEDICAL LEAVE ACT OF 1993 Special Rules Applicable to Employees... counted as FMLA leave; however, the employer shall be required to maintain the employee's group health insurance and restore the employee to the same or equivalent job including other benefits at the conclusion...

  20. 78 FR 62862 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc.; Notice of Filing of...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-10-22

    ... count information for equity securities publicly available on its Web site. The text of the proposed rule change is available on FINRA's Web site at http://www.finra.org , at the principal office of FINRA... basis.\\15\\ Under the proposed rule change, FINRA would publish on its Web site the reported information...

  1. Direct Detection Electron Energy-Loss Spectroscopy: A Method to Push the Limits of Resolution and Sensitivity.

    PubMed

    Hart, James L; Lang, Andrew C; Leff, Asher C; Longo, Paolo; Trevor, Colin; Twesten, Ray D; Taheri, Mitra L

    2017-08-15

    In many cases, electron counting with direct detection sensors offers improved resolution, lower noise, and higher pixel density compared to conventional, indirect detection sensors for electron microscopy applications. Direct detection technology has previously been utilized, with great success, for imaging and diffraction, but potential advantages for spectroscopy remain unexplored. Here we compare the performance of a direct detection sensor operated in counting mode and an indirect detection sensor (scintillator/fiber-optic/CCD) for electron energy-loss spectroscopy. Clear improvements in measured detective quantum efficiency and combined energy resolution/energy field-of-view are offered by counting mode direct detection, showing promise for efficient spectrum imaging, low-dose mapping of beam-sensitive specimens, trace element analysis, and time-resolved spectroscopy. Despite the limited counting rate imposed by the readout electronics, we show that both core-loss and low-loss spectral acquisition are practical. These developments will benefit biologists, chemists, physicists, and materials scientists alike.

  2. Software electron counting for low-dose scanning transmission electron microscopy.

    PubMed

    Mittelberger, Andreas; Kramberger, Christian; Meyer, Jannik C

    2018-05-01

    The performance of the detector is of key importance for low-dose imaging in transmission electron microscopy, and counting every single electron can be considered as the ultimate goal. In scanning transmission electron microscopy, low-dose imaging can be realized by very fast scanning, however, this also introduces artifacts and a loss of resolution in the scan direction. We have developed a software approach to correct for artifacts introduced by fast scans, making use of a scintillator and photomultiplier response that extends over several pixels. The parameters for this correction can be directly extracted from the raw image. Finally, the images can be converted into electron counts. This approach enables low-dose imaging in the scanning transmission electron microscope via high scan speeds while retaining the image quality of artifact-free slower scans. Copyright © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  3. Better Than Counting: Density Profiles from Force Sampling

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    de las Heras, Daniel; Schmidt, Matthias

    2018-05-01

    Calculating one-body density profiles in equilibrium via particle-based simulation methods involves counting of events of particle occurrences at (histogram-resolved) space points. Here, we investigate an alternative method based on a histogram of the local force density. Via an exact sum rule, the density profile is obtained with a simple spatial integration. The method circumvents the inherent ideal gas fluctuations. We have tested the method in Monte Carlo, Brownian dynamics, and molecular dynamics simulations. The results carry a statistical uncertainty smaller than that of the standard counting method, reducing therefore the computation time.

  4. 78 FR 14835 - Investigations: Terminations, Modifications and Rulings: Certain Consumer Electronics and Display...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-03-07

    ..., Modifications and Rulings: Certain Consumer Electronics and Display Devices and Products Containing Same AGENCY... the sale within the United States after importation of certain consumer electronics devices and..., Washington; LG Electronics, Inc. of Seoul, South Korea; LG Electronics, Mobilecomm U.S.A., Inc. of San Diego...

  5. Means and method for calibrating a photon detector utilizing electron-photon coincidence

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Srivastava, S. K. (Inventor)

    1984-01-01

    An arrangement for calibrating a photon detector particularly applicable for the ultraviolet and vacuum ultraviolet regions is based on electron photon coincidence utilizing crossed electron beam atom beam collisions. Atoms are excited by electrons which lose a known amount of energy and scatter with a known remaining energy, while the excited atoms emit photons of known radiation. Electrons of the known remaining energy are separated from other electrons and are counted. Photons emitted in a direction related to the particular direction of scattered electrons are detected to serve as a standard. Each of the electrons is used to initiate the measurements of a time interval which terminates with the arrival of a photon exciting the photon detector. Only the number of time intervals related to the coincidence correlation and of electrons scattered in the particular direction with the known remaining energy and photons of a particular radiation level emitted due to the collisions of such scattered electrons are counted. The detector calibration is related to the number of counted electrons and photons.

  6. 75 FR 21378 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE Arca, Inc.; Notice of Filing of Proposed Rule Change To...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-04-23

    ... unit-of-count methodology for the NYSE Arca Trades and BBO Services. The text of the proposed rule... change. The text of those statements may be examined at the places specified in Item IV below. The... type of NYSE Arca ``Market Data'' (i.e., NYSE Arca Last Sale Information or NYSE Arca BBO Information...

  7. The research of selection model based on LOD in multi-scale display of electronic map

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhang, Jinming; You, Xiong; Liu, Yingzhen

    2008-10-01

    This paper proposes a selection model based on LOD to aid the display of electronic map. The ratio of display scale to map scale is regarded as a LOD operator. The categorization rule, classification rule, elementary rule and spatial geometry character rule of LOD operator setting are also concluded.

  8. Counting conformal correlators

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kravchuk, Petr; Simmons-Duffin, David

    2018-02-01

    We introduce simple group-theoretic techniques for classifying conformallyinvariant tensor structures. With them, we classify tensor structures of general n-point functions of non-conserved operators, and n ≥ 4-point functions of general conserved currents, with or without permutation symmetries, and in any spacetime dimension d. Our techniques are useful for bootstrap applications. The rules we derive simultaneously count tensor structures for flat-space scattering amplitudes in d + 1 dimensions.

  9. Where Occupation and Environment Overlap: US Forest Service Worker Exposure to Libby Amphibole Fibers

    PubMed Central

    Harper, Martin; Butler, Corey; Berry, David; Wroble, Julie

    2015-01-01

    The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) conducted an evaluation of exposures to asbestiform amphibole, known as Libby Amphibole (LA), to personnel from the US Department of Agriculture-Forest Service (USFS) working in the Kootenai National Forest near a former vermiculite mine close to Libby, Montana. LA is associated with vermiculite that was obtained from this mine; mining and processing over many years have resulted in the spread of LA into the surrounding Kootenai Forest where it has been found in tree bark, soil, and forest floor litter. As a result of this and other contamination, Libby and surrounding areas have been designated a “Superfund” site by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). This article describes the application of EPA methods for assessing cancer risks to NIOSH sampling results. Phase-contrast microscopy for airborne asbestos fiber evaluation was found to be less useful than transmission electron microscopy in the presence of interfering organic (plant) fibers. NIOSH Method 7402 was extended by examination of larger areas of the filter, but fiber counts remained low. There are differences between counting rules in NIOSH 7402 and the ISO method used by EPA but these are minor in the context of the uncertainty in concentration estimates from the low counts. Estimates for cancer risk are generally compatible with those previously estimated by the EPA. However, there are limitations to extrapolating these findings of low risk throughout the entire area and to tasks that were not evaluated. PMID:25715191

  10. Where occupation and environment overlap: US Forest Service worker exposure to Libby Amphibole fibers.

    PubMed

    Harper, Martin; Butler, Corey; Berry, David; Wroble, Julie

    2015-01-01

    The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) conducted an evaluation of exposures to asbestiform amphibole, known as Libby Amphibole (LA), to personnel from the US Department of Agriculture-Forest Service (USFS) working in the Kootenai National Forest near a former vermiculite mine close to Libby, Montana. LA is associated with vermiculite that was obtained from this mine; mining and processing over many years have resulted in the spread of LA into the surrounding Kootenai Forest where it has been found in tree bark, soil, and forest floor litter. As a result of this and other contamination, Libby and surrounding areas have been designated a "Superfund" site by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). This article describes the application of EPA methods for assessing cancer risks to NIOSH sampling results. Phase-contrast microscopy for airborne asbestos fiber evaluation was found to be less useful than transmission electron microscopy in the presence of interfering organic (plant) fibers. NIOSH Method 7402 was extended by examination of larger areas of the filter, but fiber counts remained low. There are differences between counting rules in NIOSH 7402 and the ISO method used by EPA but these are minor in the context of the uncertainty in concentration estimates from the low counts. Estimates for cancer risk are generally compatible with those previously estimated by the EPA. However, there are limitations to extrapolating these findings of low risk throughout the entire area and to tasks that were not evaluated.

  11. The Hole-Count Test Revisited: Effects of Test Specimen Thickness

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Lyman, C. E.; Ackland, D. W.; Williams, D. B.; Goldstein, J. I.

    1989-01-01

    For historical reasons the hole count, an important performance test for the Analytical Electron Microscope (AEM), is somewhat arbitrary yielding different numbers for different investigators. This was not a problem a decade ago when AEM specimens were often bathed with large fluxes of stray electrons and hard x rays. At that time the presence or absence of a thick Pt second condenser (C2) aperture could be detected by a simple comparison of the x-ray spectrum taken 'somewhere in the hole' with a spectrum collected on a 'typical thickness' of Mo or Ag foil. A high hole count of about 10-20% indicated that the electron column needed modifications; whereas a hole count of 1-2% was accepted for most AEM work. The absolute level of the hole count is a function of test specimen atomic number, overall specimen shape, and thin-foil thickness. In order that equivalent results may be obtained for any AEM in any laboratory in the world, this test must become standardized. The hole-count test we seek must be as simpl and as nonsubjective as the graphite 0.344nm lattice-line-resolution test. This lattice-resolution test spurred manufacturers to improve the image resolution of the TEM significantly in the 1970s and led to the even more stringent resolution tests of today. A similar phenomenon for AEM instruments would be welcome. The hole-count test can also indicate whether the spurious x-ray signal is generated by high-energy continuum x rays (bremsstrahlung) generated in the electron column (high K-line to L-line ratio) or uncollimated electrons passing through or around the C2 aperture (low K/L ratio).

  12. 77 FR 40459 - Electronic Fund Transfers (Regulation E); Correction

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-07-10

    ... Electronic Fund Transfers (Regulation E); Correction AGENCY: Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection. ACTION... published the Final Rule (77 FR 6194), which implements the Electronic Fund Transfer Act, and the official... Sec. 1005.3(a) in the interim final rule, Electronic Fund Transfers (Regulation E), published on...

  13. Unified Description of Inelastic Propensity Rules for Electron Transport through Nanoscale Junctions

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Paulsson, Magnus; Frederiksen, Thomas; Ueba, Hiromu; Lorente, Nicolás; Brandbyge, Mads

    2008-06-01

    We present a method to analyze the results of first-principles based calculations of electronic currents including inelastic electron-phonon effects. This method allows us to determine the electronic and vibrational symmetries in play, and hence to obtain the so-called propensity rules for the studied systems. We show that only a few scattering states—namely those belonging to the most transmitting eigenchannels—need to be considered for a complete description of the electron transport. We apply the method on first-principles calculations of four different systems and obtain the propensity rules in each case.

  14. In-medium Chiral Perturbation Theory beyond the Mean-Field Approximation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Meißner, Ulf-G.; Oller, José A.; Wirzba, Andreas

    2002-04-01

    An explicit expression for the generating functional of two-flavor low-energy QCD with external sources in the presence of nonvanishing nucleon densities was derived recently (J. A. Oller, Phys. Rev. C65 (2002) 025204). Within this approach we derive power counting rules for the calculation of in-medium pion properties. We develop the so-called standard rules for residual nucleon energies of the order of the pion mass and a modified scheme (nonstandard counting) for vanishing residual nucleon energies. We also establish the different scales for the range of applicability of this perturbative expansion, which are 6πfπ≃0.7 GeV for standard and 6π2fπ2/2mN≃0.27 GeV for nonstandard counting, respectively. We have performed a systematic analysis of n-point in-medium Green functions up to and including next-to-leading order when the standard rules apply. These include the in-medium contributions to quark condensates, pion propagators, pion masses, and couplings of the axial-vector, vector, and pseudoscalar currents to pions. In particular, we find a mass shift for negatively charged pions in heavy nuclei, ΔMπ-=(18±m 5) MeV, that agrees with recent determinations from deeply bound pionic 207Pb. We have also established the absence of in-medium renormalization in the π0→γγ decay amplitude up to the same order. The study of ππ scattering requires the use of the nonstandard counting and the calculation is done at leading order. Even at that order we establish new contributions not considered so far. We also point toward further possible improvements of this scheme and touch upon its relation to more conventional many-body approaches.

  15. Intrinsic quantum anomalous hall effect in a two-dimensional anilato-based lattice.

    PubMed

    Ni, Xiaojuan; Jiang, Wei; Huang, Huaqing; Jin, Kyung-Hwan; Liu, Feng

    2018-06-13

    Using first-principles calculations, we predict an intrinsic quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) state in a monolayer anilato-based metal-organic framework M2(C6O4X2)3 (M = Mn and Tc, X = F, Cl, Br and I). The spin-orbit coupling of M d orbitals opens a nontrivial band gap up to 18 meV at the Dirac point. The electron counting rule is used to explain the intrinsic nature of the QAH state. The calculated nonzero Chern number, gapless edge states and quantized Hall conductance all confirm the nontrivial topological properties in the anilato-based lattice. Our findings provide an organic materials platform for the realization of the QAH effect without the need for magnetic and charge doping, which are highly desirable for the development of low-energy-consumption spintronic devices.

  16. Precision measurement of the (7)Be solar neutrino interaction rate in Borexino.

    PubMed

    Bellini, G; Benziger, J; Bick, D; Bonetti, S; Bonfini, G; Buizza Avanzini, M; Caccianiga, B; Cadonati, L; Calaprice, F; Carraro, C; Cavalcante, P; Chavarria, A; D'Angelo, D; Davini, S; Derbin, A; Etenko, A; Fomenko, K; Franco, D; Galbiati, C; Gazzana, S; Ghiano, C; Giammarchi, M; Goeger-Neff, M; Goretti, A; Grandi, L; Guardincerri, E; Hardy, S; Ianni, Aldo; Ianni, Andrea; Kobychev, V; Korablev, D; Korga, G; Koshio, Y; Kryn, D; Laubenstein, M; Lewke, T; Litvinovich, E; Loer, B; Lombardi, F; Lombardi, P; Ludhova, L; Machulin, I; Manecki, S; Maneschg, W; Manuzio, G; Meindl, Q; Meroni, E; Miramonti, L; Misiaszek, M; Montanari, D; Mosteiro, P; Muratova, V; Oberauer, L; Obolensky, M; Ortica, F; Pallavicini, M; Papp, L; Peña-Garay, C; Perasso, L; Perasso, S; Pocar, A; Raghavan, R S; Ranucci, G; Razeto, A; Re, A; Romani, A; Sabelnikov, A; Saldanha, R; Salvo, C; Schönert, S; Simgen, H; Skorokhvatov, M; Smirnov, O; Sotnikov, A; Sukhotin, S; Suvorov, Y; Tartaglia, R; Testera, G; Vignaud, D; Vogelaar, R B; von Feilitzsch, F; Winter, J; Wojcik, M; Wright, A; Wurm, M; Xu, J; Zaimidoroga, O; Zavatarelli, S; Zuzel, G

    2011-09-30

    The rate of neutrino-electron elastic scattering interactions from 862 keV (7)Be solar neutrinos in Borexino is determined to be 46.0±1.5(stat)(-1.6)(+1.5)(syst) counts/(day·100  ton). This corresponds to a ν(e)-equivalent (7)Be solar neutrino flux of (3.10±0.15)×10(9)  cm(-2) s(-1) and, under the assumption of ν(e) transition to other active neutrino flavours, yields an electron neutrino survival probability of 0.51±0.07 at 862 keV. The no flavor change hypothesis is ruled out at 5.0 σ. A global solar neutrino analysis with free fluxes determines Φ(pp)=6.06(-0.06)(+0.02)×10(10)  cm(-2) s(-1) and Φ(CNO)<1.3×10(9)  cm(-2) s(-1) (95% C.L.). These results significantly improve the precision with which the Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein large mixing angle neutrino oscillation model is experimentally tested at low energy.

  17. 77 FR 10373 - Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program: Electronics Manufacturing: Revisions to Heat Transfer Fluid...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-02-22

    ... Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program: Electronics Manufacturing: Revisions to Heat Transfer Fluid Provisions... technical revisions to the electronics manufacturing source category of the Greenhouse Gas Reporting Rule... related to the electronics manufacturing source category. DATES: This rule will be effective on March 23...

  18. Evaluation of Pulse Counting for the Mars Organic Mass Analyzer (MOMA) Ion Trap Detection Scheme

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Van Amerom, Friso H.; Short, Tim; Brinckerhoff, William; Mahaffy, Paul; Kleyner, Igor; Cotter, Robert J.; Pinnick, Veronica; Hoffman, Lars; Danell, Ryan M.; Lyness, Eric I.

    2011-01-01

    The Mars Organic Mass Analyzer is being developed at Goddard Space Flight Center to identify organics and possible biological compounds on Mars. In the process of characterizing mass spectrometer size, weight, and power consumption, the use of pulse counting was considered for ion detection. Pulse counting has advantages over analog-mode amplification of the electron multiplier signal. Some advantages are reduced size of electronic components, low power consumption, ability to remotely characterize detector performance, and avoidance of analog circuit noise. The use of pulse counting as a detection method with ion trap instruments is relatively rare. However, with the recent development of high performance electrical components, this detection method is quite suitable and can demonstrate significant advantages over analog methods. Methods A prototype quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer with an internal electron ionization source was used as a test setup to develop and evaluate the pulse-counting method. The anode signal from the electron multiplier was preamplified. The an1plified signal was fed into a fast comparator for pulse-level discrimination. The output of the comparator was fed directly into a Xilinx FPGA development board. Verilog HDL software was written to bin the counts at user-selectable intervals. This system was able to count pulses at rates in the GHz range. The stored ion count nun1ber per bin was transferred to custom ion trap control software. Pulse-counting mass spectra were compared with mass spectra obtained using the standard analog-mode ion detection. Prelin1inary Data Preliminary mass spectra have been obtained for both analog mode and pulse-counting mode under several sets of instrument operating conditions. Comparison of the spectra revealed better peak shapes for pulse-counting mode. Noise levels are as good as, or better than, analog-mode detection noise levels. To artificially force ion pile-up conditions, the ion trap was overfilled and ions were ejected at very high scan rates. Pile-up of ions was not significant for the ion trap under investigation even though the ions are ejected in so-called 'ion-micro packets'. It was found that pulse counting mode had higher dynamic range than analog mode, and that the first amplification stage in analog mode can distort mass peaks. The inherent speed of the pulse counting method also proved to be beneficial to ion trap operation and ion ejection characterization. Very high scan rates were possible with pulse counting since the digital circuitry response time is so much smaller than with the analog method. Careful investigation of the pulse-counting data also allowed observation of the applied resonant ejection frequency during mass analysis. Ejection of ion micro packets could be clearly observed in the binned data. A second oscillation frequency, much lower than the secular frequency, was also observed. Such an effect was earlier attributed to the oscillation of the total plasma cloud in the ion trap. While the components used to implement pulse counting are quite advanced, due to their prevalence in consumer electronics, the cost of this detection system is no more than that of an analog mode system. Total pulse-counting detection system electronics cost is under $250

  19. Uncertainties in internal gas counting

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Unterweger, M.; Johansson, L.; Karam, L.; Rodrigues, M.; Yunoki, A.

    2015-06-01

    The uncertainties in internal gas counting will be broken down into counting uncertainties and gas handling uncertainties. Counting statistics, spectrum analysis, and electronic uncertainties will be discussed with respect to the actual counting of the activity. The effects of the gas handling and quantities of counting and sample gases on the uncertainty in the determination of the activity will be included when describing the uncertainties arising in the sample preparation.

  20. [A practical method of numerical evaluation applicable to miniaturized technics of plaque assay].

    PubMed

    Beytout, D; Laveran, H; Reynaud, M P

    1975-01-01

    When one wishes to titrate viruses by counting the number of infective foci on small surfaces of observation, one is rapidly limited by confluences which render counting impossible. Between the use of an all or nothing system which is not accurate and a total field of count, often impossible, there is an intermediate method already described and studied by Tippett, which is very little used in practice. We have performed the calculations again, drawn up reference values and given rules for choice of the field. Two examples show their practical use.

  1. Implementation of data security and data privacy provisions will bring sweeping changes to laboratory service providers.

    PubMed

    Boothe, J F

    2000-01-01

    The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act included substantial changes involving handling of health information by establishing national standards for electronic transactions, data privacy, and data security. The first final rule for electronic transaction standards was published August 17, 2000. The remaining final rules are expected to be published in Winter 2000. Providers, such as clinical laboratories, will have 26 months from the data of publication to comply. The civil monetary fines for noncompliance are substantial. This article will review the key provisions of the data security and data privacy proposed rules. These provisions will touch virtually every aspect of electronic claims submissions, electronic data transactions, and the electronic storage of medical information. The proposed rules will require a coordinated approach by providers to develop the policies and procedures, and the technical and physical infrastructure to protect health information. Moreover, providers will need to identify a privacy officer, to review existing privacy policies to compare the proposed rule with any existing state laws to determine which may be more stringent, and to develop new policies to address the particular requirements of the final rule.

  2. Hund's Rule in Two-Electron Atomic Systems

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Harriman, John E.

    2008-01-01

    A model proposed by Rioux to explain Hund's rule is investigated. Although the largest contribution to the singlet-triplet splitting in the two-electron atomic systems is the nuclear attraction term, this arises from different optimum scale factors in the two states and that difference is driven by the electron-electron exchange term. The…

  3. UIC at TREC 2008 Blog Track

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2008-11-01

    T or more words, where T is a threshold that is empirically set to 300 in the experiment. The second rule aims to remove pornographic documents...Some blog documents are embedded with pornographic words to attract search traffic. We identify a list of pornographic words. Given a blog document, all...document, this document is considered pornographic spam, and is discarded. The third rule removes documents written in foreign languages. We count the

  4. Calendar methods of fertility regulation: a rule of thumb.

    PubMed

    Colombo, B; Scarpa, B

    1996-01-01

    "[Many] illiterate women, particularly in the third world, find [it] difficult to apply usual calendar methods for the regulation of fertility. Some of them are even unable to make simple subtractions. In this paper we are therefore trying to evaluate the applicability and the efficiency of an extremely simple rule which entails only [the ability to count] a number of days, and always the same way." (SUMMARY IN ITA) excerpt

  5. Computer measurement of particle sizes in electron microscope images

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Hall, E. L.; Thompson, W. B.; Varsi, G.; Gauldin, R.

    1976-01-01

    Computer image processing techniques have been applied to particle counting and sizing in electron microscope images. Distributions of particle sizes were computed for several images and compared to manually computed distributions. The results of these experiments indicate that automatic particle counting within a reasonable error and computer processing time is feasible. The significance of the results is that the tedious task of manually counting a large number of particles can be eliminated while still providing the scientist with accurate results.

  6. SURVIVAL OF SALMONELLA SPECIES IN RIVER WATER.

    EPA Science Inventory

    The survival of four Salmonella strains in river water microcosms was monitored using culturing techniques, direct counts, whole cell hybridization, scanning electron microscopy, and resuscitation techniques via the direct viable count method and flow cytrometry. Plate counts of...

  7. The Eighteen-Electron Rule

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Mitchell, P. R.; Parish, R. V.

    1969-01-01

    Discusses the stability of the structures of transition metal complexes (primarily carbonyls and organometallic compounds) having 18 electrons or less in their valence shell. Presents molecular orbital diagrams for various structures involving alpha and pi bonding and describes the conditions under which the 18 electron rule applies. (RR)

  8. 49 CFR 220.309 - Permitted uses; exceptions to other restrictions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ...) FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION RAILROAD COMMUNICATIONS Electronic Devices... an electronic device to refer to a railroad rule, special instruction, timetable, or other directive, if such use is authorized under a railroad operating rule or instruction. (b) An electronic device as...

  9. 4 CFR 22.14 - Production of Documents, Electronically Stored Information, Other Tangible Things, or Entry Onto...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Information, Other Tangible Things, or Entry Onto Land [Rule 14]. 22.14 Section 22.14 Accounts GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE GENERAL PROCEDURES RULES OF PROCEDURE OF THE GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE CONTRACT..., or Entry Onto Land [Rule 14]. (a) When documents, electronically stored information, other tangible...

  10. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Kawano, T.; Tanaka, M.; Isozumi, S.

    Air exerts a negative effect on radiation detection using a gas counter because oxygen contained in air has a high electron attachment coefficient and can trap electrons from electron-ion pairs created by ionization from incident radiation in counting gas. This reduces radiation counts. The present study examined the influence of air on energy and rise-time spectra measurements using a proportional gas counter. In addition, a decompression procedure method was proposed to reduce the influence of air and its effectiveness was investigated. For the decompression procedure, the counting gas inside the gas counter was decompressed below atmospheric pressure before radiation detection.more » For the spectrum measurement, methane as well as various methane and air mixtures were used as the counting gas to determine the effect of air on energy and rise-time spectra. Results showed that the decompression procedure was effective for reducing or eliminating the influence of air on spectra measurement using a proportional gas counter. (authors)« less

  11. Can the oscillator strength of the quantum dot bandgap transition exceed unity?

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hens, Z.

    2008-10-01

    We discuss the apparent contradiction between the Thomas-Reiche-Kuhn sum rule for oscillator strengths and recent experimental data on the oscillator strength of the band gap transition of quantum dots. Starting from two simple single electron model systems, we show that the sum rule does not limit this oscillator strength to values below unity, or below the number of electrons in the highest occupied single electron state. The only upper limit the sum rule imposes on the oscillator strength of the quantum dot band gap transition is the total number of electrons in the quantum dot.

  12. Measuring the Electron’s Charge and the Fine-Structure Constant by Counting Electrons on a Capacitor

    PubMed Central

    Williams, E. R.; Ghosh, Ruby N.; Martinis, John M.

    1992-01-01

    The charge of the electron can be determined by simply placing a known number of electrons on one electrode of a capacitor and measuring the voltage, Vs, across the capacitor. If Vs is measured in terms of the Josephson volt and the capacitor is measured in SI units then the fine-structure constant is the quantity determined. Recent developments involving single electron tunneling, SET, have shown bow to count the electrons as well as how to make an electrometer with sufficient sensitivity to measure the charge. PMID:28053434

  13. SURVIVAL OF SALMONELLA SPECIES IN RIVER WATER

    EPA Science Inventory

    The survival of four Salmonella strains in river water microcosms was monitored by culturing techniques, direct counts, whole-cell hybridization, scanning electron microscopy, and resuscitation techniques via the direct viable count method and flow cytometry. Plate counts of bact...

  14. 75 FR 65627 - Cross-Media Electronic Reporting Rule State Authorized Program Revision Approval: State of Arkansas

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-10-26

    ... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY [FRL-9217-6] Cross-Media Electronic Reporting Rule State...: Notice. SUMMARY: This notice announces EPA's approval, under regulations for Cross-Media Electronic..., NW., Washington, DC 20460. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: On October 13, 2005, the final Cross-Media...

  15. 75 FR 983 - Cross-Media Electronic Reporting Rule State Approved Program Revision/Modification Approvals...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-01-07

    ... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY [FRL-9099-3] Cross-Media Electronic Reporting Rule State Approved...). ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: This notice announces EPA's approval, under regulations for Cross-Media..., [email protected] . SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: On October 13, 2005, the final Cross-Media Electronic...

  16. 75 FR 69660 - Cross-Media Electronic Reporting Rule State Authorized Program Revision Approval: State of Hawaii

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-11-15

    ... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY [FRL-9226-9] Cross-Media Electronic Reporting Rule State...: Notice. SUMMARY: This notice announces EPA's approval, under regulations for Cross-Media Electronic..., NW., Washington, DC 20460. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: On October 13, 2005, the final Cross-Media...

  17. Rapid classification of hairtail fish and pork freshness using an electronic nose based on the PCA method.

    PubMed

    Tian, Xiu-Ying; Cai, Qiang; Zhang, Yong-Ming

    2012-01-01

    We report a method for building a simple and reproducible electronic nose based on commercially available metal oxide sensors (MOS) to monitor the freshness of hairtail fish and pork stored at 15, 10, and 5 °C. After assembly in the laboratory, the proposed product was tested by a manufacturer. Sample delivery was based on the dynamic headspace method, and two features were extracted from the transient response of each sensor using an unsupervised principal component analysis (PCA) method. The compensation method and pattern recognition based on PCA are discussed in the current paper. PCA compensation can be used for all storage temperatures, however, pattern recognition differs according to storage conditions. Total volatile basic nitrogen (TVBN) and aerobic bacterial counts of the samples were measured simultaneously with the standard indicators of hairtail fish and pork freshness. The PCA models based on TVBN and aerobic bacterial counts were used to classify hairtail fish samples as "fresh" (TVBN ≤ 25 g and microbial counts ≤ 10(6) cfu/g) or "spoiled" (TVBN ≥ 25 g and microbial counts ≥ 10(6) cfu/g) and pork samples also as "fresh" (TVBN ≤ 15 g and microbial counts ≤ 10(6) cfu/g) or "spoiled" (TVBN ≥ 15 g and microbial counts ≥ 10(6) cfu/g). Good correlation coefficients between the responses of the electronic nose and the TVBN and aerobic bacterial counts of the samples were obtained. For hairtail fish, correlation coefficients were 0.97 and 0.91, and for pork, correlation coefficients were 0.81 and 0.88, respectively. Through laboratory simulation and field application, we were able to determine that the electronic nose could help ensure the shelf life of hairtail fish and pork, especially when an instrument is needed to take measurements rapidly. The results also showed that the electronic nose could analyze the process and level of spoilage for hairtail fish and pork.

  18. Psychopaths are impaired in social exchange and precautionary reasoning.

    PubMed

    Ermer, Elsa; Kiehl, Kent A

    2010-10-01

    Psychopaths show a profound lack of morality and behavioral controls in the presence of intact general intellectual functioning. Two hallmarks of psychopathy are the persistent violation of social contracts (i.e., cheating) and chronic, impulsive risky behavior. These behaviors present a puzzle: Can psychopaths understand and reason about what counts as cheating or risky behavior in a particular situation? We tested incarcerated psychopaths' and incarcerated nonpsychopaths' reasoning about social contract rules, precautionary rules, and descriptive rules using the Wason selection task. Results were consistent with our hypotheses: Psychopaths (compared with matched nonpsychopaths) showed significant impairment on social contract rules and precautionary rules, but not on descriptive rules. These results cannot be accounted for by differences in intelligence, motivation, or general antisocial tendency. These findings suggest that examination of evolutionarily identified reasoning processes can be a fruitful research approach for identifying which specific mechanisms are impaired in psychopathy.

  19. Population and hierarchy of active species in gold iron oxide catalysts for carbon monoxide oxidation.

    PubMed

    He, Qian; Freakley, Simon J; Edwards, Jennifer K; Carley, Albert F; Borisevich, Albina Y; Mineo, Yuki; Haruta, Masatake; Hutchings, Graham J; Kiely, Christopher J

    2016-09-27

    The identity of active species in supported gold catalysts for low temperature carbon monoxide oxidation remains an unsettled debate. With large amounts of experimental evidence supporting theories of either gold nanoparticles or sub-nm gold species being active, it was recently proposed that a size-dependent activity hierarchy should exist. Here we study the diverging catalytic behaviours after heat treatment of Au/FeO x materials prepared via co-precipitation and deposition precipitation methods. After ruling out any support effects, the gold particle size distributions in different catalysts are quantitatively studied using aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). A counting protocol is developed to reveal the true particle size distribution from HAADF-STEM images, which reliably includes all the gold species present. Correlation of the populations of the various gold species present with catalysis results demonstrate that a size-dependent activity hierarchy must exist in the Au/FeO x catalyst.

  20. 76 FR 36339 - Mandatory Reporting of Greenhouse Gases: Additional Sources of Fluorinated GHGs: Extension of...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-06-22

    ... Monitoring Provisions for Electronics Manufacturing AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ACTION... monitoring methods in Subpart I: Electronics Manufacturing of the Mandatory Greenhouse Gas Reporting Rule...: Electronics Manufacturing of the Greenhouse Gas Reporting Rule on December 1, 2010 (75 FR 74774). This subpart...

  1. 78 FR 49365 - Electronic Fund Transfers (Regulation E); Correction

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-08-14

    ... BUREAU OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION 12 CFR Part 1005 [Docket No. CFPB-2012-0050] RIN 3170-AA33 Electronic Fund Transfers (Regulation E); Correction AGENCY: Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection. ACTION... 2013 Final Rule, which along with three other final rules \\1\\ implements the Electronic Fund Transfer...

  2. Feasibility of a high-speed gamma-camera design using the high-yield-pileup-event-recovery method.

    PubMed

    Wong, W H; Li, H; Uribe, J; Baghaei, H; Wang, Y; Yokoyama, S

    2001-04-01

    Higher count-rate gamma cameras than are currently used are needed if the technology is to fulfill its promise in positron coincidence imaging, radionuclide therapy dosimetry imaging, and cardiac first-pass imaging. The present single-crystal design coupled with conventional detector electronics and the traditional Anger-positioning algorithm hinder higher count-rate imaging because of the pileup of gamma-ray signals in the detector and electronics. At an interaction rate of 2 million events per second, the fraction of nonpileup events is < 20% of the total incident events. Hence, the recovery of pileup events can significantly increase the count-rate capability, increase the yield of imaging photons, and minimize image artifacts associated with pileups. A new technology to significantly enhance the performance of gamma cameras in this area is introduced. We introduce a new electronic design called high-yield-pileup-event-recovery (HYPER) electronics for processing the detector signal in gamma cameras so that the individual gamma energies and positions of pileup events, including multiple pileups, can be resolved and recovered despite the mixing of signals. To illustrate the feasibility of the design concept, we have developed a small gamma-camera prototype with the HYPER-Anger electronics. The camera has a 10 x 10 x 1 cm NaI(Tl) crystal with four photomultipliers. Hot-spot and line sources with very high 99mTc activities were imaged. The phantoms were imaged continuously from 60,000 to 3,500,000 counts per second to illustrate the efficacy of the method as a function of counting rates. At 2-3 million events per second, all phantoms were imaged with little distortion, pileup, and dead-time loss. At these counting rates, multiple pileup events (> or = 3 events piling together) were the predominate occurrences, and the HYPER circuit functioned well to resolve and recover these events. The full width at half maximum of the line-spread function at 3,000,000 counts per second was 1.6 times that at 60,000 counts per second. This feasibility study showed that the HYPER electronic concept works; it can significantly increase the count-rate capability and dose efficiency of gamma cameras. In a larger clinical camera, multiple HYPER-Anger circuits may be implemented to further improve the imaging counting rates that we have shown by multiple times. This technology would facilitate the use of gamma cameras for radionuclide therapy dosimetry imaging, cardiac first-pass imaging, and positron coincidence imaging and the simultaneous acquisition of transmission and emission data using different isotopes with less cross-contamination between transmission and emission data.

  3. Evaluation of Potential Continuation Rules for Mepolizumab Treatment of Severe Eosinophilic Asthma.

    PubMed

    Gunsoy, Necdet B; Cockle, Sarah M; Yancey, Steven W; Keene, Oliver N; Bradford, Eric S; Albers, Frank C; Pavord, Ian D

    Mepolizumab significantly reduces exacerbations in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma. The early identification of patients likely to receive long-term benefit from treatment could ensure effective resource allocation. To assess potential continuation rules for mepolizumab in addition to initiation criteria defined as 2 or more exacerbations in the previous year and blood eosinophil counts of 150 cells/μL or more at initiation or 300 cells/μL or more in the previous year. This post hoc analysis included data from 2 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies (NCT01000506 and NCT01691521) of mepolizumab in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma (N = 1,192). Rules based on blood eosinophils, physician-rated response to treatment, FEV 1 , Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ-5) score, and exacerbation reduction were assessed at week 16. To assess these rules, 2 key metrics accounting for the effects observed in the placebo arm were developed. Patients not meeting continuation rules based on physician-rated response, FEV 1 , and the ACQ-5 score still derived long-term benefit from mepolizumab. Nearly all patients failing to reduce blood eosinophils had counts of 150 cells/μL or less at baseline. For exacerbations, assessment after 16 weeks was potentially premature for predicting future exacerbations. There was no evidence of a reliable physician-rated response, ACQ-5 score, or lung function-based continuation rule. The added value of changes in blood eosinophils at week 16 over baseline was marginal. Initiation criteria for mepolizumab treatment provide the best method for assessing patient benefit from mepolizumab treatment, and treatment continuation should be reviewed on the basis of a predefined reduction in long-term exacerbation frequency and/or oral corticosteroid dose. Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  4. Electronic strain-level counter

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Pitts, F. L.; Spencer, J. L. (Inventor)

    1973-01-01

    An electronic strain level counter for obtaining structural strain data on in-flight aircraft is described. The device counts the number of times the strain at a point on an aircraft structural member exceeds each of several preset levels. A dead band is provided at each level to prohibit the counting of small strain variations around a given preset level.

  5. Demonstration of fundamental statistics by studying timing of electronics signals in a physics-based laboratory

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Beach, Shaun E.; Semkow, Thomas M.; Remling, David J.; Bradt, Clayton J.

    2017-07-01

    We have developed accessible methods to demonstrate fundamental statistics in several phenomena, in the context of teaching electronic signal processing in a physics-based college-level curriculum. A relationship between the exponential time-interval distribution and Poisson counting distribution for a Markov process with constant rate is derived in a novel way and demonstrated using nuclear counting. Negative binomial statistics is demonstrated as a model for overdispersion and justified by the effect of electronic noise in nuclear counting. The statistics of digital packets on a computer network are shown to be compatible with the fractal-point stochastic process leading to a power-law as well as generalized inverse Gaussian density distributions of time intervals between packets.

  6. Electron-ion coupling in semiconductors beyond Fermi's Golden Rule [On the electron-ion coupling in semiconductors beyond Fermi's Golden Rule

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Medvedev, Nikita; Li, Zheng; Tkachenko, Victor

    2017-01-31

    In the present study, a theoretical study of electron-phonon (electron-ion) coupling rates in semiconductors driven out of equilibrium is performed. Transient change of optical coefficients reflects the band gap shrinkage in covalently bonded materials, and thus, the heating of atomic lattice. Utilizing this dependence, we test various models of electron-ion coupling. The simulation technique is based on tight-binding molecular dynamics. Our simulations with the dedicated hybrid approach (XTANT) indicate that the widely used Fermi's golden rule can break down describing material excitation on femtosecond time scales. In contrast, dynamical coupling proposed in this work yields a reasonably good agreement ofmore » simulation results with available experimental data.« less

  7. 76 FR 16019 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; New York Stock Exchange LLC; Notice of Filing and Immediate...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-03-22

    ... written communications to be sent electronically between the Designated Market Maker (``DMM'') unit's post... review of the written electronic communications sent to and from the DMM unit's post location on the... Proposed Rule Change Amending NYSE Rule 36 To Permit Written Communications To Be Sent Electronically...

  8. 78 FR 62923 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE Arca, Inc.; Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness of...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-10-22

    ... Change Adding a New Rule To Adopt Price Protection Filters for Electronic Complex Orders October 11, 2013... a new rule to adopt price protection filters for Electronic Complex Orders. The text of the proposed... Commentary .04 [sic] governing price protections filters applicable to electronically entered Complex Orders...

  9. 78 FR 62917 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE MKT LLC; Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness of...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-10-22

    ... Adding a New Rule To Adopt Price Protection Filters for Electronic Complex Orders October 11, 2013... to adopt price protection filters for Electronic Complex Orders. The text of the proposed rule change... Commentary .05 governing price protections filters applicable to electronically entered Complex Orders.\\4\\ \\4...

  10. Economic Analysis of the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Electronic Reporting Final Rule

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    This Economic Analysis (EA) quantifies the costs and savings of the proposed NPDES Electronic Reporting Rule, while acknowledging many of the qualitative benefits that will result from its implementation.

  11. Significance of Maternal and Cord Blood Nucleated Red Blood Cell Count in Pregnancies Complicated by Preeclampsia

    PubMed Central

    Misha, Mehak; Rai, Lavanya

    2014-01-01

    Objectives. To evaluate the effect of preeclampsia on the cord blood and maternal NRBC count and to correlate NRBC count and neonatal outcome in preeclampsia and control groups. Study Design. This is a prospective case control observational study. Patients and Methods. Maternal and cord blood NRBC counts were studied in 50 preeclamptic women and 50 healthy pregnant women. Using automated cell counter total leucocyte count was obtained and peripheral smear was prepared to obtain NRBC count. Corrected WBC count and NRBC count/100 leucocytes in maternal venous blood and in cord blood were compared between the 2 groups. Results. No significant differences were found in corrected WBC count in maternal and cord blood in cases and controls. Significant differences were found in mean cord blood NRBC count in preeclampsia and control groups (40.0 ± 85.1 and 5.9 ± 6.3, P = 0.006). The mean maternal NRBC count in two groups was 2.4 ± 9.0 and 0.8 ± 1.5, respectively (P = 0.214). Cord blood NRBC count cut off value ≤13 could rule out adverse neonatal outcome with a sensitivity of 63% and specificity of 89%. Conclusion. Cord blood NRBC are significantly raised in preeclampsia. Neonates with elevated cord blood NRBC counts are more likely to have IUGR, low birth weight, neonatal ICU admission, respiratory distress syndrome, and assisted ventilation. Below the count of 13/100 leucocytes, adverse neonatal outcome is quite less likely. PMID:24734183

  12. Color Counts, Too!

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Sewell, Julia H.

    1983-01-01

    Students with undetected color blindness can have problems with specific teaching methods and materials. The problem should be ruled out in children with suspected learning disabilities and taken into account in career counseling. Nine examples of simple classroom modifications are described. (CL)

  13. 76 FR 27755 - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Withdrawal of the Proposed Rule To List the...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-05-12

    ..., low precipitation, and wind scour, features they predicted would persist over time, especially on... Christmas Bird Count (CBC), suffer from a variety of problems, including the inherent difficulties...

  14. METHOD FOR THE ANALYSIS OF ASBESTOS IN WATER USING MCE FILTERS

    EPA Science Inventory

    The current Federal Drinking Water Standard makes possible the use of methyl cellulose ester filters rather than the previously proposed Nuclepore™ filter. Updating of the previous counting rules brings them closer to AHERA specifications.

  15. A Flight Photon Counting Camera for the WFIRST Coronagraph

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Morrissey, Patrick

    2018-01-01

    A photon counting camera based on the Teledyne-e2v CCD201-20 electron multiplying CCD (EMCCD) is being developed for the NASA WFIRST coronagraph, an exoplanet imaging technology development of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (Pasadena, CA) that is scheduled to launch in 2026. The coronagraph is designed to directly image planets around nearby stars, and to characterize their spectra. The planets are exceedingly faint, providing signals similar to the detector dark current, and require the use of photon counting detectors. Red sensitivity (600-980nm) is preferred to capture spectral features of interest. Since radiation in space affects the ability of the EMCCD to transfer the required single electron signals, care has been taken to develop appropriate shielding that will protect the cameras during a five year mission. In this poster, consideration of the effects of space radiation on photon counting observations will be described with the mitigating features of the camera design. An overview of the current camera flight system electronics requirements and design will also be described.

  16. Atom-counting in High Resolution Electron Microscopy:TEM or STEM - That's the question.

    PubMed

    Gonnissen, J; De Backer, A; den Dekker, A J; Sijbers, J; Van Aert, S

    2017-03-01

    In this work, a recently developed quantitative approach based on the principles of detection theory is used in order to determine the possibilities and limitations of High Resolution Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR STEM) and HR TEM for atom-counting. So far, HR STEM has been shown to be an appropriate imaging mode to count the number of atoms in a projected atomic column. Recently, it has been demonstrated that HR TEM, when using negative spherical aberration imaging, is suitable for atom-counting as well. The capabilities of both imaging techniques are investigated and compared using the probability of error as a criterion. It is shown that for the same incoming electron dose, HR STEM outperforms HR TEM under common practice standards, i.e. when the decision is based on the probability function of the peak intensities in HR TEM and of the scattering cross-sections in HR STEM. If the atom-counting decision is based on the joint probability function of the image pixel values, the dependence of all image pixel intensities as a function of thickness should be known accurately. Under this assumption, the probability of error may decrease significantly for atom-counting in HR TEM and may, in theory, become lower as compared to HR STEM under the predicted optimal experimental settings. However, the commonly used standard for atom-counting in HR STEM leads to a high performance and has been shown to work in practice. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  17. Multianode cylindrical proportional counter for high count rates

    DOEpatents

    Hanson, J.A.; Kopp, M.K.

    1980-05-23

    A cylindrical, multiple-anode proportional counter is provided for counting of low-energy photons (< 60 keV) at count rates of greater than 10/sup 5/ counts/sec. A gas-filled proportional counter cylinder forming an outer cathode is provided with a central coaxially disposed inner cathode and a plurality of anode wires disposed in a cylindrical array in coaxial alignment with and between the inner and outer cathodes to form a virtual cylindrical anode coaxial with the inner and outer cathodes. The virtual cylindrical anode configuration improves the electron drift velocity by providing a more uniform field strength throughout the counter gas volume, thus decreasing the electron collection time following the detection of an ionizing event. This avoids pulse pile-up and coincidence losses at these high count rates. Conventional RC position encoding detection circuitry may be employed to extract the spatial information from the counter anodes.

  18. Multianode cylindrical proportional counter for high count rates

    DOEpatents

    Hanson, James A.; Kopp, Manfred K.

    1981-01-01

    A cylindrical, multiple-anode proportional counter is provided for counting of low-energy photons (<60 keV) at count rates of greater than 10.sup.5 counts/sec. A gas-filled proportional counter cylinder forming an outer cathode is provided with a central coaxially disposed inner cathode and a plurality of anode wires disposed in a cylindrical array in coaxial alignment with and between the inner and outer cathodes to form a virtual cylindrical anode coaxial with the inner and outer cathodes. The virtual cylindrical anode configuration improves the electron drift velocity by providing a more uniform field strength throughout the counter gas volume, thus decreasing the electron collection time following the detection of an ionizing event. This avoids pulse pile-up and coincidence losses at these high count rates. Conventional RC position encoding detection circuitry may be employed to extract the spatial information from the counter anodes.

  19. Rule Based Expert System for Monitoring Real Time Drug Supply in Hospital Using Radio Frequency Identification Technology

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Driandanu, Galih; Surarso, Bayu; Suryono

    2018-02-01

    A radio frequency identification (RFID) has obtained increasing attention with the emergence of various applications. This study aims to examine the implementation of rule based expert system supported by RFID technology into a monitoring information system of drug supply in a hospital. This research facilitates in monitoring the real time drug supply by using data sample from the hospital pharmacy. This system able to identify and count the number of drug and provide warning and report in real time. the conclusion is the rule based expert system and RFID technology can facilitate the performance in monitoring the drug supply quickly and precisely.

  20. 75 FR 70335 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Municipal Securities Rulemaking Board; Notice of Filing and...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-11-17

    ... Mail Contacts, and Form G-40, on Electronic Mail Contacts November 12, 2010. Pursuant to Section 19(b... agency''); (iv) amendments to Rule G-40, on electronic mail contacts, by municipal advisors; and (v) amendments to Form G-40, on electronic mail contacts. The proposed rule change is effective immediately upon...

  1. [Validation of a clinical prediction rule to distinguish bacterial from aseptic meningitis].

    PubMed

    Agüero, Gonzalo; Davenport, María C; Del Valle, María de la P; Gallegos, Paulina; Kannemann, Ana L; Bokser, Vivian; Ferrero, Fernando

    2010-02-01

    Despite most meningitis are not bacterial, antibiotics are usually administered on admission because bacterial meningitis is difficult to be rule-out. Distinguishing bacterial from aseptic meningitis on admission could avoid inappropriate antibiotic use and hospitalization. We aimed to validate a clinical prediction rule to distinguish bacterial from aseptic meningitis in children, on arriving to the emergency room. This prospective study included patients aged < 19 years with meningitis. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and peripheral blood neutrophil count were obtained from all patients. The BMS (Bacterial Meningitis Score) described by Nigrovic (Pediatrics 2002; 110: 712), was calculated: positive CSF Gram stain= 2 points, CSF absolute neutrophil count > or = 1000 cells/mm(3), CSF protein > or = 80 mg/dl, peripheral blood absolute neutrophil count > or = 10.000/mm(3), seizure = 1 point each. Sensitivity (S), specificity (E), positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV), positive and negative likelihood ratios (PLR and NLR) of the BMS to predict bacterial meningitis were calculated. Seventy patients with meningitis were included (14 bacterial meningitis). When BMS was calculated, 25 patients showed a BMS= 0 points, 11 BMS= 1 point, and 34 BMS > or = 2 points. A BMS = 0 showed S: 100%, E: 44%, VPP: 31%, VPN: 100%, RVP: 1,81 RVN: 0. A BMS > or = 2 predicted bacterial meningitis with S: 100%, E: 64%, VPP: 41%, VPN: 100%, PLR: 2.8, NLR:0. Using BMS was simple, and allowed identifying children with very low risk of bacterial meningitis. It could be a useful tool to assist clinical decision making.

  2. Amateur boxing in the last 59 years. Impact of rules changes on the type of verdicts recorded and implications on boxers' health.

    PubMed

    Bianco, Massimiliano; Loosemore, Mike; Daniele, Gianlorenzo; Palmieri, Vincenzo; Faina, Marcello; Zeppilli, Paolo

    2013-05-01

    Several changes have occurred in Olympic boxing (OB) in the last few decades, influencing the results in official competitions. The aim of this study was to assess how the evolution of rules changed the rate of the results that can influence boxers' health. From a web-research, the results of OB tournaments from 1952 to 2011 were reviewed (29,357 bouts). For each event, rate of knockout (KO), referee-stop contest (RSC), RSC-Head (RSCH), RSC-Injury (RSCI), RSC-Outclassed (RSCO), abandon, disqualification and points decisions were recorded. In our analysis we investigated the changes that occurred after the introduction of the standing-count rule (1964), mandatory head guard (1984), computerised scoring system (1992), RSCO (2000-2009) and modification of bout formula 3×3 min rounds (3×3, until 1997, 5×2 min rounds (5×2) until 1999, 4×2 min rounds (4×2) until 2008, 3×3 from 2009). The most important results were: (1) an RSCI rate increase (0.72-2.42%, p<0.03) after the standing-count rule; (2) a lower RSCI (0.60%, p<0.001) and higher RSCH (1.31-4.92%, p<0.001) and RSC (9.71-13.05%, p<0.03) rate with mandatory head guard; (3) a KO rate reduction (6.44-2.09%, p<0.001) with the computerised scoring system; (4) an RSC (13.15-5.91%, p<0.05) and RSCH (4.23-1.41%, p<0.001) rate reduction comparing 5×2-4×2 bouts. In the last six decades, along with rule changes in OB, a clear reduction of health challenging results was observed. In the near future, older rules will be adopted (no head guard and a manual scoring system). Continued medical surveillance is important to ensure that new rule changes do not result in poor medical outcomes for the boxers.

  3. Modeling of full-Heusler alloys within tight-binding approximation: Case study of Fe2MnAl

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Azhar, A.; Majidi, M. A.; Nanto, D.

    2017-07-01

    Heusler alloys have been known for about a century, and predictions of magnetic moment values using Slater-Pauling rule have been successful for many such materials. However, such a simple counting rule has been found not to always work for all Heusler alloys. For instance, Fe2CuAl has been found to have magnetic moment of 3.30 µB per formula unit although the Slater-Pauling rule suggests the value of 2 µB. On the other hand, a recent experiment shows that a non-stoichiometric Heusler compound Fe2Mn0.5Cu0.5Al possesses magnetic moment of 4 µB, closer to the Slater-Pauling prediction for the stoichiometric compound. Such discrepancies signify that the theory to predict the magnetic moment of Heusler alloys in general is still far from being complete. Motivated by this issue, we propose to do a theoretical study on a full-Heusler alloy Fe2MnAl to understand the formation of magnetic moment microscopically. We model the system by constructing a density-functional-theory-based tight-binding Hamiltonian and incorporating Hubbard repulsive as well as spin-spin interactions for the electrons occupying the d-orbitals. Then, we solve the model using Green's function approach, and treat the interaction terms within the mean-field approximation. At this stage, we aim to formulate the computational algorithm for the overall calculation process. Our final goal is to compute the total magnetic moment per unit cell of this system and compare it with the experimental data.

  4. Low-energy particle experiments-electron analyzer (LEPe) onboard the Arase spacecraft

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kazama, Yoichi; Wang, Bo-Jhou; Wang, Shiang-Yu; Ho, Paul T. P.; Tam, Sunny W. Y.; Chang, Tzu-Fang; Chiang, Chih-Yu; Asamura, Kazushi

    2017-12-01

    In this report, we describe the low-energy electron instrument LEPe (low-energy particle experiments-electron analyzer) onboard the Arase (ERG) spacecraft. The instrument measures a three-dimensional distribution function of electrons with energies of ˜ 19 eV-19 keV. Electrons in this energy range dominate in the inner magnetosphere, and measurement of such electrons is important in terms of understanding the magnetospheric dynamics and wave-particle interaction. The instrument employs a toroidal tophat electrostatic energy analyzer with a passive 6-mm aluminum shield. To minimize background radiation effects, the analyzer has a background channel, which monitors counts produced by background radiation. Background counts are then subtracted from measured counts. Electronic components are radiation tolerant, and 5-mm-thick shielding of the electronics housing ensures that the total dose is less than 100 kRad for the one-year nominal mission lifetime. The first in-space measurement test was done on February 12, 2017, showing that the instrument functions well. On February 27, the first all-instrument run test was done, and the LEPe instrument measured an energy dispersion event probably related to a substorm injection occurring immediately before the instrument turn-on. These initial results indicate that the instrument works fine in space, and the measurement performance is good for science purposes.[Figure not available: see fulltext.

  5. Digital computing cardiotachometer

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Smith, H. E.; Rasquin, J. R.; Taylor, R. A. (Inventor)

    1973-01-01

    A tachometer is described which instantaneously measures heart rate. During the two intervals between three succeeding heart beats, the electronic system: (1) measures the interval by counting cycles from a fixed frequency source occurring between the two beats; and (2) computes heat rate during the interval between the next two beats by counting the number of times that the interval count must be counted to zero in order to equal a total count of sixty times (to convert to beats per minute) the frequency of the fixed frequency source.

  6. 14 CFR 221.203 - Unique rule numbers required.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 4 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Unique rule numbers required. 221.203... PROCEEDINGS) ECONOMIC REGULATIONS TARIFFS Electronically Filed Tariffs § 221.203 Unique rule numbers required... bear a unique rule number. (b) The unique rule numbers for the fares specified in this section shall be...

  7. 78 FR 60381 - Amendments to the 2013 Mortgage Rules Under the Equal Credit Opportunity Act (Regulation B), Real...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-10-01

    ...This final rule amends some of the final mortgage rules issued by the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection (Bureau) in January 2013. These amendments focus primarily on loss mitigation procedures under Regulation X's servicing provisions, amounts counted as loan originator compensation to retailers of manufactured homes and their employees for purposes of applying points and fees thresholds under the Home Ownership and Equity Protection Act and the Ability-to-Repay rules in Regulation Z, exemptions available to creditors that operate predominantly in ``rural or underserved'' areas for various purposes under the mortgage regulations, application of the loan originator compensation rules to bank tellers and similar staff, and the prohibition on creditor-financed credit insurance. The Bureau also is adjusting the effective dates for certain provisions of the loan originator compensation rules. In addition, the Bureau is adopting technical and wording changes for clarification purposes to Regulations B, X, and Z.

  8. Status of the Top and Bottom Counting Detectors for the ISS-CREAM Experiment

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Park, J. M.; ISS-CREAM Collaboration

    2017-11-01

    It is important to measure the cosmic ray spectra to study the origin, acceleration and propagation mechanisms of high-energy cosmic rays. A payload of the Cosmic Ray Energetics And Mass experiment is scheduled to be launched in 2017 to the International Space Station for measuring cosmic ray elemental spectra at energies beyond the reach of balloon instruments. Top Counting Detector and Bottom Counting Detector (T/BCD) as a two-dimensional detector are to separate electrons from protons for electron/gamma-ray physics. The T/BCD each consists of a plastic scintillator read out by 20 by 20 photodiodes and is placed before and after the Calorimeter, respectively. Energy and hit information of the T/BCD can distinguish shower profiles of electrons and protons, which show narrower and shorter showers from electrons at a given energy. The T/BCD performance has been studied with the Silicon Charge Detector and the calorimeter by using a GEANT3 + FLUKA 3.21 simulation package. By comparing the number of hits and shower width distributions between electrons and protons, we have studied optimal parameters for the e/p separation.

  9. Classroom Capsules.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Page, Warren, Ed.

    1988-01-01

    Presents ideas that are intended to convey new insights on familiar topics and to enhance pedagogy. The mathematical topics addressed are applications of transformations to numerical integration, the golden ratio, Cramer's rule, a counting problem, and the general form of the arithmetic-geometric mean inequality. (PK)

  10. Numerically exact full counting statistics of the nonequilibrium Anderson impurity model

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ridley, Michael; Singh, Viveka N.; Gull, Emanuel; Cohen, Guy

    2018-03-01

    The time-dependent full counting statistics of charge transport through an interacting quantum junction is evaluated from its generating function, controllably computed with the inchworm Monte Carlo method. Exact noninteracting results are reproduced; then, we continue to explore the effect of electron-electron interactions on the time-dependent charge cumulants, first-passage time distributions, and n -electron transfer distributions. We observe a crossover in the noise from Coulomb blockade to Kondo-dominated physics as the temperature is decreased. In addition, we uncover long-tailed spin distributions in the Kondo regime and analyze queuing behavior caused by correlations between single-electron transfer events.

  11. Numerically exact full counting statistics of the nonequilibrium Anderson impurity model

    DOE PAGES

    Ridley, Michael; Singh, Viveka N.; Gull, Emanuel; ...

    2018-03-06

    The time-dependent full counting statistics of charge transport through an interacting quantum junction is evaluated from its generating function, controllably computed with the inchworm Monte Carlo method. Exact noninteracting results are reproduced; then, we continue to explore the effect of electron-electron interactions on the time-dependent charge cumulants, first-passage time distributions, and n-electron transfer distributions. We observe a crossover in the noise from Coulomb blockade to Kondo-dominated physics as the temperature is decreased. In addition, we uncover long-tailed spin distributions in the Kondo regime and analyze queuing behavior caused by correlations between single-electron transfer events

  12. Numerically exact full counting statistics of the nonequilibrium Anderson impurity model

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Ridley, Michael; Singh, Viveka N.; Gull, Emanuel

    The time-dependent full counting statistics of charge transport through an interacting quantum junction is evaluated from its generating function, controllably computed with the inchworm Monte Carlo method. Exact noninteracting results are reproduced; then, we continue to explore the effect of electron-electron interactions on the time-dependent charge cumulants, first-passage time distributions, and n-electron transfer distributions. We observe a crossover in the noise from Coulomb blockade to Kondo-dominated physics as the temperature is decreased. In addition, we uncover long-tailed spin distributions in the Kondo regime and analyze queuing behavior caused by correlations between single-electron transfer events

  13. Evaluation of large format electron bombarded virtual phase CCDs as ultraviolet imaging detectors

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Opal, Chet B.; Carruthers, George R.

    1989-01-01

    In conjunction with an external UV-sensitive cathode, an electron-bombarded CCD may be used as a high quantum efficiency/wide dynamic range photon-counting UV detector. Results are presented for the case of a 1024 x 1024, 18-micron square pixel virtual phase CCD used with an electromagnetically focused f/2 Schmidt camera, which yields excellent simgle-photoevent discrimination and counting efficiency. Attention is given to the vacuum-chamber arrangement used to conduct system tests and the CCD electronics and data-acquisition systems employed.

  14. 76 FR 73677 - Investigations: Terminations, Modifications and Rulings: Certain Electronic Devices With Image...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-11-29

    ... INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION [Investigation No. 337-TA-724] Investigations: Terminations, Modifications and Rulings: Certain Electronic Devices With Image Processing Systems, Components Thereof, and Associated Software AGENCY: U.S. International Trade Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: Notice is hereby...

  15. Dose limited reliability of quantitative annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy for nano-particle atom-counting.

    PubMed

    De Backer, A; Martinez, G T; MacArthur, K E; Jones, L; Béché, A; Nellist, P D; Van Aert, S

    2015-04-01

    Quantitative annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (ADF STEM) has become a powerful technique to characterise nano-particles on an atomic scale. Because of their limited size and beam sensitivity, the atomic structure of such particles may become extremely challenging to determine. Therefore keeping the incoming electron dose to a minimum is important. However, this may reduce the reliability of quantitative ADF STEM which will here be demonstrated for nano-particle atom-counting. Based on experimental ADF STEM images of a real industrial catalyst, we discuss the limits for counting the number of atoms in a projected atomic column with single atom sensitivity. We diagnose these limits by combining a thorough statistical method and detailed image simulations. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  16. Which button will I press? Preference for correctly ordered counting sequences in 18-month-olds.

    PubMed

    Ip, Martin Ho Kwan; Imuta, Kana; Slaughter, Virginia

    2018-04-16

    Correct counting respects the stable order principle whereby the count terms are recited in a fixed order every time. The 4 experiments reported here tested whether precounting infants recognize and prefer correct stable-ordered counting. The authors introduced a novel preference paradigm in which infants could freely press two buttons to activate videos of counting events. In the "correct" counting video, number words were always recited in the canonical order ("1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6"). The "incorrect" counting video was identical except that the number words were recited in a random order (e.g., "5, 3, 1, 6, 4, 2"). In Experiment 1, 18-month-olds (n = 21), but not 15-month-olds (n = 24), significantly preferred to press the button that activated correct counting events. Experiment 2 revealed that English-learning 18-month-olds' (n = 21) preference for stable-ordered counting disappeared when the counting was done in Japanese. By contrast, Experiment 3 showed that multilingual 18-month-olds (n = 24) preferred correct stable-ordered counting in an unfamiliar foreign language. In Experiment 4, multilingual 18-month-olds (N = 21) showed no preference for stable-ordered alphabet sequences, ruling out some alternative explanations for the Experiment 3 results. Overall these findings are consistent with the idea that implicit recognition of the stable order principle of counting is acquired by 18 months of age, and that learning more than one language may accelerate infants' understanding of abstract counting principles. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).

  17. New York City's fight over calorie labeling.

    PubMed

    Farley, Thomas A; Caffarelli, Anna; Bassett, Mary T; Silver, Lynn; Frieden, Thomas R

    2009-01-01

    In 2006, New York City's Health Department amended the city Health Code to require the posting of calorie counts by chain restaurants on menus, menu boards, and item tags. This was one element of the city's response to rising obesity rates. Drafting the rule involved many decisions that affected its impact and its legal viability. The restaurant industry argued against the rule and twice sued to prevent its implementation. An initial version of the rule was found to be preempted by federal law, but a revised version was implemented in January 2008. The experience shows that state and local health departments can use their existing authority over restaurants to combat obesity and, indirectly, chronic diseases.

  18. Counting supersymmetric branes

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kleinschmidt, Axel

    2011-10-01

    Maximal supergravity solutions are revisited and classified, with particular emphasis on objects of co-dimension at most two. This class of solutions includes branes whose tension scales with xxxx. We present a group theory derivation of the counting of these objects based on the corresponding tensor hierarchies derived from E 11 and discrete T- and U-duality transformations. This provides a rationale for the wrapping rules that were recently discussed for σ ≤ 3 in the literature and extends them. Explicit supergravity solutions that give rise to co-dimension two branes are constructed and analysed.

  19. Efficient volume computation for three-dimensional hexahedral cells

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Dukowicz, J.K.

    1988-02-01

    Currently, algorithms for computing the volume of hexahedral cells with ''ruled'' surfaces require a minimum of 122 FLOPs (floating point operations) per cell. A new algorithm is described which reduces the operation count to 57 FLOPs per cell. copyright 1988 Academic Press, Inc.

  20. Sum rules and other properties involving resonance projection operators. [for optical potential description of electron scattering from atoms and ions

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Berk, A.; Temkin, A.

    1985-01-01

    A sum rule is derived for the auxiliary eigenvalues of an equation whose eigenspectrum pertains to projection operators which describe electron scattering from multielectron atoms and ions. The sum rule's right-hand side depends on an integral involving the target system eigenfunctions. The sum rule is checked for several approximations of the two-electron target. It is shown that target functions which have a unit eigenvalue in their auxiliary eigenspectrum do not give rise to well-defined projection operators except through a limiting process. For Hylleraas target approximations, the auxiliary equations are shown to contain an infinite spectrum. However, using a Rayleigh-Ritz variational principle, it is shown that a comparatively simple aproximation can exhaust the sum rule to better than five significant figures. The auxiliary Hylleraas equation is greatly simplified by conversion to a square root equation containing the same eigenfunction spectrum and from which the required eigenvalues are trivially recovered by squaring.

  1. HIPAA brings new requirements, new opportunities.

    PubMed

    Moynihan, J J; McLure, M L

    2000-03-01

    The passage of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) brought with it the need for Federal rules to implement the act's simplification and cost-reduction efforts. HHS has published proposed rules related to security for the electronic transmission of health information, privacy of individually identifiable health information, transactions and code sets, and national provider and employer identifiers. Additional proposed rules will be published this year for claims attachments and health plan identifiers. Although HIPAA does not require providers to conduct business electronically, the new standards give providers the opportunity to reduce healthcare administrative costs significantly and undertake electronic commerce efficiently and cost-effectively.

  2. Insufficient sensitivity of joint aspiration during the two-stage exchange of the hip with spacers.

    PubMed

    Boelch, Sebastian Philipp; Weissenberger, Manuel; Spohn, Frederik; Rudert, Maximilian; Luedemann, Martin

    2018-01-10

    Evaluation of infection persistence during the two-stage exchange of the hip is challenging. Joint aspiration before reconstruction is supposed to rule out infection persistence. Sensitivity and specificity of synovial fluid culture and synovial leucocyte count for detecting infection persistence during the two-stage exchange of the hip were evaluated. Ninety-two aspirations before planned joint reconstruction during the two-stage exchange with spacers of the hip were retrospectively analyzed. The sensitivity and specificity of synovial fluid culture was 4.6 and 94.3%. The sensitivity and specificity of synovial leucocyte count at a cut-off value of 2000 cells/μl was 25.0 and 96.9%. C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) values were significantly higher before prosthesis removal and reconstruction or spacer exchange (p = 0.00; p = 0.013 and p = 0.039; p = 0.002) in the infection persistence group. Receiver operating characteristic area under the curve values before prosthesis removal and reconstruction or spacer exchange for ESR were lower (0.516 and 0.635) than for CRP (0.720 and 0.671). Synovial fluid culture and leucocyte count cannot rule out infection persistence during the two-stage exchange of the hip.

  3. Development of clinical decision rules to predict recurrent shock in dengue

    PubMed Central

    2013-01-01

    Introduction Mortality from dengue infection is mostly due to shock. Among dengue patients with shock, approximately 30% have recurrent shock that requires a treatment change. Here, we report development of a clinical rule for use during a patient’s first shock episode to predict a recurrent shock episode. Methods The study was conducted in Center for Preventive Medicine in Vinh Long province and the Children’s Hospital No. 2 in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. We included 444 dengue patients with shock, 126 of whom had recurrent shock (28%). Univariate and multivariate analyses and a preprocessing method were used to evaluate and select 14 clinical and laboratory signs recorded at shock onset. Five variables (admission day, purpura/ecchymosis, ascites/pleural effusion, blood platelet count and pulse pressure) were finally trained and validated by a 10-fold validation strategy with 10 times of repetition, using a logistic regression model. Results The results showed that shorter admission day (fewer days prior to admission), purpura/ecchymosis, ascites/pleural effusion, low platelet count and narrow pulse pressure were independently associated with recurrent shock. Our logistic prediction model was capable of predicting recurrent shock when compared to the null method (P < 0.05) and was not outperformed by other prediction models. Our final scoring rule provided relatively good accuracy (AUC, 0.73; sensitivity and specificity, 68%). Score points derived from the logistic prediction model revealed identical accuracy with AUCs at 0.73. Using a cutoff value greater than −154.5, our simple scoring rule showed a sensitivity of 68.3% and a specificity of 68.2%. Conclusions Our simple clinical rule is not to replace clinical judgment, but to help clinicians predict recurrent shock during a patient’s first dengue shock episode. PMID:24295509

  4. Hybrid statistics-simulations based method for atom-counting from ADF STEM images.

    PubMed

    De Wael, Annelies; De Backer, Annick; Jones, Lewys; Nellist, Peter D; Van Aert, Sandra

    2017-06-01

    A hybrid statistics-simulations based method for atom-counting from annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (ADF STEM) images of monotype crystalline nanostructures is presented. Different atom-counting methods already exist for model-like systems. However, the increasing relevance of radiation damage in the study of nanostructures demands a method that allows atom-counting from low dose images with a low signal-to-noise ratio. Therefore, the hybrid method directly includes prior knowledge from image simulations into the existing statistics-based method for atom-counting, and accounts in this manner for possible discrepancies between actual and simulated experimental conditions. It is shown by means of simulations and experiments that this hybrid method outperforms the statistics-based method, especially for low electron doses and small nanoparticles. The analysis of a simulated low dose image of a small nanoparticle suggests that this method allows for far more reliable quantitative analysis of beam-sensitive materials. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  5. Particle precipitation prior to large earthquakes of both the Sumatra and Philippine Regions: A statistical analysis

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Fidani, Cristiano

    2015-12-01

    A study of statistical correlation between low L-shell electrons precipitating into the atmosphere and strong earthquakes is presented. More than 11 years of the Medium Energy Protons Electrons Detector data from the NOAA-15 Sun-synchronous polar orbiting satellite were analysed. Electron fluxes were analysed using a set of adiabatic coordinates. From this, significant electron counting rate fluctuations were evidenced during geomagnetic quiet periods. Electron counting rates were compared to earthquakes by defining a seismic event L-shell obtained radially projecting the epicentre geographical positions to a given altitude towards the zenith. Counting rates were grouped in every satellite semi-orbit together with strong seismic events and these were chosen with the L-shell coordinates close to each other. NOAA-15 electron data from July 1998 to December 2011 were compared for nearly 1800 earthquakes with magnitudes larger than or equal to 6, occurring worldwide. When considering 30-100 keV precipitating electrons detected by the vertical NOAA-15 telescope and earthquake epicentre projections at altitudes greater that 1300 km, a significant correlation appeared where a 2-3 h electron precipitation was detected prior to large events in the Sumatra and Philippine Regions. This was in physical agreement with different correlation times obtained from past studies that considered particles with greater energies. The Discussion below of satellite orbits and detectors is useful for future satellite missions for earthquake mitigation.

  6. National School Lunch Program and School Breakfast Program: Eliminating Applications Through Community Eligibility as Required by the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010. Final rule.

    PubMed

    2016-07-29

    This final rule establishes requirements for State agencies, local educational agencies, and schools operating the Community Eligibility Provision, a reimbursement option that allows the service of school meals to all children at no-cost in high poverty schools without collecting household applications. By eliminating the household application process and streamlining meal counting and claiming procedures through the Community Eligibility Provision, local educational agencies may substantially reduce administrative burden related to operating the National School Lunch and School Breakfast Programs. This rule codifies many requirements that were implemented through policy guidance following enactment of the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010, as well as provisions of the proposed rule. These requirements will result in consistent, national implementation of the Community Eligibility Provision.

  7. Medicare program; inpatient rehabilitation facility prospective payment system for federal fiscal year 2014. Final rule.

    PubMed

    2013-08-06

    This final rule updates the prospective payment rates for inpatient rehabilitation facilities (IRFs) for federal fiscal year (FY) 2014 (for discharges occurring on or after October 1, 2013 and on or before September 30, 2014) as required by the statute. This final rule also revised the list of diagnosis codes that may be counted toward an IRF's "60 percent rule'' compliance calculation to determine "presumptive compliance,'' update the IRF facility-level adjustment factors using an enhanced estimation methodology, revise sections of the Inpatient Rehabilitation Facility-Patient Assessment Instrument, revise requirements for acute care hospitals that have IRF units, clarify the IRF regulation text regarding limitation of review, update references to previously changed sections in the regulations text, and revise and update quality measures and reporting requirements under the IRF quality reporting program.

  8. Dynamic pulse difference circuit

    DOEpatents

    Erickson, Gerald L.

    1978-01-01

    A digital electronic circuit of especial use for subtracting background activity pulses in gamma spectrometry comprises an up-down counter connected to count up with signal-channel pulses and to count down with background-channel pulses. A detector responsive to the count position of the up-down counter provides a signal when the up-down counter has completed one scaling sequence cycle of counts in the up direction. In an alternate embodiment, a detector responsive to the count position of the up-down counter provides a signal upon overflow of the counter.

  9. 17 CFR 240.14a-17 - Electronic shareholder forums.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Electronic shareholder forums. 240.14a-17 Section 240.14a-17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION (CONTINUED) GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS, SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 Rules and Regulations Under the...

  10. Elastography methods for the non-invasive assessment of portal hypertension.

    PubMed

    Roccarina, Davide; Rosselli, Matteo; Genesca, Joan; Tsochatzis, Emmanuel A

    2018-02-01

    The gold standard to assess the presence and severity of portal hypertension remains the hepatic vein pressure gradient, however the recent development of non-invasive assessment using elastography techniques offers valuable alternatives. In this review, we discuss the diagnostic accuracy and utility of such techniques in patients with portal hypertension due to cirrhosis. Areas covered: A literature search focused on liver and spleen stiffness measurement with different elastographic techniques for the assessment of the presence and severity of portal hypertension and oesophageal varices in people with chronic liver disease. The combination of elastography with parameters such as platelet count and spleen size is also discussed. Expert commentary: Non-invasive assessment of liver fibrosis and portal hypertension is a validated tool for the diagnosis and follow-up of patients. Baveno VI recommended the combination of transient elastography and platelet count for ruling out varices needing treatment in patients with compensated advanced chronic liver disease. Assessment of aetiology specific cut-offs for ruling in and ruling out clinically significant portal hypertension is an unmet clinical need. The incorporation of spleen stiffness measurements in non-invasive algorithms using validated software and improved measuring scales might enhance the non-invasive diagnosis of portal hypertension in the next 5 years.

  11. 75 FR 2445 - Chemical Facility Anti-Terrorism Standards

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-01-15

    ... Homeland Security EPA--Environmental Protection Agency RMP--Risk Management Program SSP--Site Security Plan...) under the Clean Air Act's Risk Management Program (RMP) for counting-- or excluding--flammable chemicals... of flammable chemicals in gasoline from the RMP rules was mandated by the Chemical Safety...

  12. Insights into the crystal chemistry of Earth materials rendered by electron density distributions: Pauling's rules revisited

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Gibbs, Gerald V.; Ross, Nancy L.; Cox, David F.

    2014-05-20

    Pauling's first two rules are examined in terms of the accumulation of the electron density between bonded pairs of atoms for a relatively large number of oxide and silicate crystals and siloxane molecules. The distribution of the electron density shows that the radius of the oxygen atom is not fixed, but that it actually decreases systematically from ~1.40 Å to ~ 0.65 Å as the polarizing power and the electronegativity of the bonded metal atoms increase and the distribution of the O atom is progressively polarized and contracted along the bond vectors by the impact of the bonded interactions. Themore » contractions result in an aspherical oxygen atom that displays as many different bonded “radii” as it has bonded interactions. The bonded radii for the metal atoms match the Shannon and Prewitt ionic radii for the more electropositive atoms like potassium and sodium, but they are systematically larger for the more electronegative atoms like aluminum, silicon and phosphorous. Pauling's first rule is based on the assumption that the radius of the oxide anion is fixed and that the radii of the cations are such that radius sum of the spherical oxide anion and a cation necessarily equals the separation between the cation-anion bonded pair with the coordination number of the cation being determined by the ratio of the radii of the cation and anion. In the case of the bonded radii, the sum of the bonded radii for the metal atoms and the oxide anion necessarily equals the bond lengths by virtue of the way that the bonded radii were determined in the partitioning of the electron density along the bond path into metal and O atom parts. But, the radius ratio for the O and M atoms is an unsatisfactory rule for determining the coordination number of the metal atom inasmuch as a bonded O atom is not, in general, spherical, and its size varies substantially along its bonded directions. But by counting the number of bond paths that radiate from a bonded atom, the coordination number of the atom is determined uniquely independent of the asphericity and sizes of the atom. A power law connection established between the bond lengths and bond strengths for crystals and molecules is mirrored by a comparable power law connection between bond length and the accumulation of the electron density between bonded pairs of atoms, a connection that is consistent with Pauling's electroneutrality postulate that the charges of the atoms in an oxide are negligibly small. The connection indicates that a one-to-one correspondence exists between the accumulation between a pair of bonded atoms and the Pauling bond strength for M-O bonded interaction for all atoms of the periodic table. The connection provides a common basis for understanding the success of the manifold applications that have been made with the bond valence theory model together with the modeling of crystal structures, chemical zoning, leaching and cation transport in batteries and the like. We believe that the wide spread applications of the model in mineralogy and material science owes much of its success to the direct connection between bond strength and the quantum mechanical observable, the electron density distribution. Comparable power law expressions established for the bonded interactions for both crystals and molecules support Pauling's assertion that his second rule has significance for molecules as well as for crystals. A simple expression is found that provides a one to one connection between the accumulation of the electron density between bonded M and O atoms and the Pauling bond strength for all M atoms of the periodic table with ~ 95 % of the variation of the bond strength being explained in terms of a linear dependence on the accumulated electron density. Compelling evidence is presented that supports the argument that the Si-O bonded interactions for tiny siloxane molecules and silicate crystals are chemically equivalent.« less

  13. The asymptotic behaviour of parton distributions at small and large x.

    PubMed

    Ball, Richard D; Nocera, Emanuele R; Rojo, Juan

    2016-01-01

    It has been argued from the earliest days of quantum chromodynamics that at asymptotically small values of x the parton distribution functions (PDFs) of the proton behave as [Formula: see text], where the values of [Formula: see text] can be deduced from Regge theory, while at asymptotically large values of x the PDFs behave as [Formula: see text], where the values of [Formula: see text] can be deduced from the Brodsky-Farrar quark counting rules. We critically examine these claims by extracting the exponents [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] from various global fits of parton distributions, analysing their scale dependence, and comparing their values to the naive expectations. We find that for valence distributions both Regge theory and counting rules are confirmed, at least within uncertainties, while for sea quarks and gluons the results are less conclusive. We also compare results from various PDF fits for the structure function ratio [Formula: see text] at large x , and caution against unrealistic uncertainty estimates due to overconstrained parametrisations.

  14. Ten rules for asset protection planning.

    PubMed

    Adkisson, Jay D; Keller, Lawrence B

    2013-12-01

    Asset protection planning is a highly technical area of legal planning. Because of the fraudulent transfer laws, asset protection planning must be done in advance of any claim, be technically sound, not rely upon secrecy, and avoid any number of critical mistakes including keeping personal and business assets separate. Physicians who engage in asset protection planning must avoid critical mistakes, and not count on bankruptcy to provide relief from creditors. General rules and cautions for those who are considering the creation of an asset protection plan for their personal assets.

  15. Population and hierarchy of active species in gold iron oxide catalysts for carbon monoxide oxidation

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    He, Qian; Freakley, Simon J.; Edwards, Jennifer K.

    The identity of active species in supported gold catalysts for low temperature carbon monoxide oxidation remains an unsettled debate. With large amounts of experimental evidence supporting theories of either gold nanoparticles or sub-nm gold species being active, it was recently proposed that a size-dependent activity hierarchy should exist. Here we study the diverging catalytic behaviors after heat treatment of Au/FeO x materials prepared via co-precipitation and deposition precipitation methods. After ruling out any support effects, the gold particle size distributions in different catalysts are quantitatively studied using aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). A counting protocol is developed tomore » reveal the true particle size distribution from HAADF-STEM images, which reliably includes all the gold species present. As a result, correlation of the populations of the various gold species present with catalysis results demonstrate that a size-dependent activity hierarchy must exist in the Au/FeO x catalyst.« less

  16. Population and hierarchy of active species in gold iron oxide catalysts for carbon monoxide oxidation

    DOE PAGES

    He, Qian; Freakley, Simon J.; Edwards, Jennifer K.; ...

    2016-09-27

    The identity of active species in supported gold catalysts for low temperature carbon monoxide oxidation remains an unsettled debate. With large amounts of experimental evidence supporting theories of either gold nanoparticles or sub-nm gold species being active, it was recently proposed that a size-dependent activity hierarchy should exist. Here we study the diverging catalytic behaviors after heat treatment of Au/FeO x materials prepared via co-precipitation and deposition precipitation methods. After ruling out any support effects, the gold particle size distributions in different catalysts are quantitatively studied using aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). A counting protocol is developed tomore » reveal the true particle size distribution from HAADF-STEM images, which reliably includes all the gold species present. As a result, correlation of the populations of the various gold species present with catalysis results demonstrate that a size-dependent activity hierarchy must exist in the Au/FeO x catalyst.« less

  17. The re-flight of the Colorado high-resolution Echelle stellar spectrograph (CHESS): improvements, calibrations, and post-flight results

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hoadley, Keri; France, Kevin; Kruczek, Nicholas; Fleming, Brian; Nell, Nicholas; Kane, Robert; Swanson, Jack; Green, James; Erickson, Nicholas; Wilson, Jacob

    2016-07-01

    In this proceeding, we describe the scientific motivation and technical development of the Colorado High- resolution Echelle Stellar Spectrograph (CHESS), focusing on the hardware advancements and testing supporting the second flight of the payload (CHESS-2). CHESS is a far ultraviolet (FUV) rocket-borne instrument designed to study the atomic-to-molecular transitions within translucent cloud regions in the interstellar medium (ISM). CHESS is an objective f/12.4 echelle spectrograph with resolving power > 100,000 over the band pass 1000 - 1600 Å. The spectrograph was designed to employ an R2 echelle grating with "low" line density. We compare the FUV performance of experimental echelle etching processes (lithographically by LightSmyth, Inc. and etching via electron-beam technology by JPL Microdevices Laboratory) with traditional, mechanically-ruled gratings (Bach Research, Inc. and Richardson Gratings). The cross-dispersing grating, developed and ruled by Horiba Jobin-Yvon, is a holographically-ruled, "low" line density, powered optic with a toroidal surface curvature. Both gratings were coated with aluminum and lithium fluoride (Al+LiF) at Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). Results from final efficiency and reflectivity measurements for the optical components of CHESS-2 are presented. CHESS-2 utilizes a 40mm-diameter cross-strip anode readout microchannel plate (MCP) detector fabricated by Sensor Sciences, Inc., to achieve high spatial resolution with high count rate capabilities (global rates 1 MHz). We present pre-flight laboratory spectra and calibration results. CHESS-2 launched on 21 February 2016 aboard NASA/CU sounding rocket mission 36.297 UG. We observed the intervening ISM material along the sightline to epsilon Per and present initial characterization of the column densities, temperature, and kinematics of atomic and molecular species in the observation.

  18. Optimization of high count rate event counting detector with Microchannel Plates and quad Timepix readout

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Tremsin, A. S.; Vallerga, J. V.; McPhate, J. B.; Siegmund, O. H. W.

    2015-07-01

    Many high resolution event counting devices process one event at a time and cannot register simultaneous events. In this article a frame-based readout event counting detector consisting of a pair of Microchannel Plates and a quad Timepix readout is described. More than 104 simultaneous events can be detected with a spatial resolution of 55 μm, while >103 simultaneous events can be detected with <10 μm spatial resolution when event centroiding is implemented. The fast readout electronics is capable of processing >1200 frames/sec, while the global count rate of the detector can exceed 5×108 particles/s when no timing information on every particle is required. For the first generation Timepix readout, the timing resolution is limited by the Timepix clock to 10-20 ns. Optimization of the MCP gain, rear field voltage and Timepix threshold levels are crucial for the device performance and that is the main subject of this article. These devices can be very attractive for applications where the photon/electron/ion/neutron counting with high spatial and temporal resolution is required, such as energy resolved neutron imaging, Time of Flight experiments in lidar applications, experiments on photoelectron spectroscopy and many others.

  19. 7 CFR 275.24 - High performance bonuses.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... to persons with incomes below 125 percent of poverty, as calculated in accordance with paragraph (b... administrative annual counts of participants minus new participants certified under special disaster program rules by State averaged over the calendar year. For the number of people below 125 percent of poverty...

  20. A STUDY OF VARIOUS RADIATIONS DURING SPACE FLIGHTS OF SPUTNIKS, SPACE SHIPS AND ROCKETS (in Russian)

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Vakulov, P.V.; Vernov, S.N.; Gorchakov, E.V.

    1962-06-01

    Data are presented on various radiation zones observed during the flights of the 3rd sputnik (launched May 15th, ship (Aug. 19 to 20, 1960, 339 km apogee and a 306 km perigee), the 3rd space ship (Dec. 1 to 2, 1960, 265 km apogee and a 187.3 km perigee), and the space rocket launched toward Venus on Feb. 12th, 1961. A radiation belt of electrons was detected at a height of 320 km above the earth's surface from the bremsstrahlung radiation determined on Geiger- Mueller and scintillation counters. Conjugate zones in the Northern hemisphere were linked with corresponding zones inmore » the Southern hemisphere. The position of the electron belt has remained relatively constant for about two years. The electron spectrum does not vary significantly. A count rate of >3.6 counts cm/ sup -2/ sec/sup -1/ was obtained in a Geiger-Mueller counter in the South Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Brazil. This high count rate was due to a magnetic anomaly in this region. An accurate distribution of cosmic ray intensity as a function of latitute was obtained from a comparison of the counts of the scintillation counter and the count of the STS-5 gas-discharge counter. Thirty references are included. (TTT)« less

  1. 75 FR 65393 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; BATS Exchange, Inc.; Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-10-22

    ... application, BATS Rules include provisions that permitted current or former subscribers to the electronic communications network formerly operated by BATS Trading, Inc. to apply to become a Member of the Exchange by...: Electronic Comments Use the Commission's Internet comment form ( http://www.sec.gov/rules/sro.shtml ); or...

  2. 75 FR 20016 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Notice of Filing of Proposed Rule Change by NASDAQ OMX PHLX, Inc...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-04-16

    ...)(i)(A) a provision relating to $5 wide bid-ask differentials for electronic quotes in equity, index... believes that these changes are appropriate because quoting has become entirely electronic; most Streaming... as one single offense, for purposes of initiating disciplinary action under Exchange rules, or...

  3. Association of Parathyroid Gland Biopsy Excision Technique With Ex Vivo Radiation Counts During Radioguided Parathyroid Surgery

    PubMed Central

    Hinson, Andrew M.; Lawson, Bradley R.; Franco, Aime T.

    2017-01-01

    Importance Parathyroid biopsy represents a means for normal and hyperfunctional glands to be distinguished intraoperatively. However, no data exist to guide surgeons regarding how much of a parathyroid gland must be biopsied to satisfy the 20% rule. Objective To quantify the relative proportion of a hyperfunctional parathyroid gland that must be evaluated with the gamma probe to satisfy the 20% rule. Design, Setting, and Participants A retrospective review of surgical data for 24 consecutive patients (16 women, 18 men; mean [SD] age, 66.6 [10] years; range, 51-83 years) who underwent surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism between May and October, 2015, in a tertieary academic medical center. Main Outcomes and Measures Extirpated parathyroid glands were sectioned into parallel or pie-shaped biopsies and evaluated ex vivo with a gamma probe to determine what percentage of a hyperfunctional gland must be sampled to meet the Norman 20% rule. The hypothesis was formulated during data collection. Results In total, 253 ex vivo biopsy specimens were obtained from 33 surgically removed parathyroid glands. Parathyroid biopsies satisfied the 20% rule with an accuracy that depended on the relative proportion of the parent gland represented: half or more (96.6%; 95% CI, 91.7%-100.0%), a quarter to one-half (87.0%; 95% CI, 79.3%-94.7%), less than a quarter (63.6%; 95% CI, 54.5%-72.8%). When less than a quarter of the gland was removed, pie-shaped biopsies were more likely to satisfy the 20% rule compared with parallel biopsies of the same weight (78.4% vs 56.2%; absolute difference, 22.2%; 95% CI, 4.7%-39.7%). Conclusions and Relevance Unless half of a parathyroid gland is biopsied during radioguided parathyroidectomy, the 20% rule cannot reliably rule out the presence of a hyperfunctional parathyroid lesion. Pie-shaped biopsies originating from the center of the gland are associated with a lower rate of false-negative results compared with peripheral biopsies of similar size. Pie-shaped biopsies and biopsy of half or more of each nonexcised parathyroid gland for ex vivo counts may increase the risk of remnant devascularization and resultant hypoparathyroidism. PMID:28358958

  4. Association of Parathyroid Gland Biopsy Excision Technique With Ex Vivo Radiation Counts During Radioguided Parathyroid Surgery.

    PubMed

    Hinson, Andrew M; Lawson, Bradley R; Franco, Aime T; Stack, Brendan C

    2017-06-01

    Parathyroid biopsy represents a means for normal and hyperfunctional glands to be distinguished intraoperatively. However, no data exist to guide surgeons regarding how much of a parathyroid gland must be biopsied to satisfy the 20% rule. To quantify the relative proportion of a hyperfunctional parathyroid gland that must be evaluated with the gamma probe to satisfy the 20% rule. A retrospective review of surgical data for 24 consecutive patients (16 women, 18 men; mean [SD] age, 66.6 [10] years; range, 51-83 years) who underwent surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism between May and October, 2015, in a tertieary academic medical center. Extirpated parathyroid glands were sectioned into parallel or pie-shaped biopsies and evaluated ex vivo with a gamma probe to determine what percentage of a hyperfunctional gland must be sampled to meet the Norman 20% rule. The hypothesis was formulated during data collection. In total, 253 ex vivo biopsy specimens were obtained from 33 surgically removed parathyroid glands. Parathyroid biopsies satisfied the 20% rule with an accuracy that depended on the relative proportion of the parent gland represented: half or more (96.6%; 95% CI, 91.7%-100.0%), a quarter to one-half (87.0%; 95% CI, 79.3%-94.7%), less than a quarter (63.6%; 95% CI, 54.5%-72.8%). When less than a quarter of the gland was removed, pie-shaped biopsies were more likely to satisfy the 20% rule compared with parallel biopsies of the same weight (78.4% vs 56.2%; absolute difference, 22.2%; 95% CI, 4.7%-39.7%). Unless half of a parathyroid gland is biopsied during radioguided parathyroidectomy, the 20% rule cannot reliably rule out the presence of a hyperfunctional parathyroid lesion. Pie-shaped biopsies originating from the center of the gland are associated with a lower rate of false-negative results compared with peripheral biopsies of similar size. Pie-shaped biopsies and biopsy of half or more of each nonexcised parathyroid gland for ex vivo counts may increase the risk of remnant devascularization and resultant hypoparathyroidism.

  5. High event rate ROICs (HEROICs) for astronomical UV photon counting detectors

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Harwit, Alex; France, Kevin; Argabright, Vic; Franka, Steve; Freymiller, Ed; Ebbets, Dennis

    2014-07-01

    The next generation of astronomical photocathode / microchannel plate based UV photon counting detectors will overcome existing count rate limitations by replacing the anode arrays and external cabled electronics with anode arrays integrated into imaging Read Out Integrated Circuits (ROICs). We have fabricated a High Event Rate ROIC (HEROIC) consisting of a 32 by 32 array of 55 μm square pixels on a 60 μm pitch. The pixel sensitivity (threshold) has been designed to be globally programmable between 1 × 103 and 1 × 106 electrons. To achieve the sensitivity of 1 × 103 electrons, parasitic capacitances had to be minimized and this was achieved by fabricating the ROIC in a 65 nm CMOS process. The ROIC has been designed to support pixel counts up to 4096 events per integration period at rates up to 1 MHz per pixel. Integration time periods can be controlled via an external signal with a time resolution of less than 1 microsecond enabling temporally resolved imaging and spectroscopy of astronomical sources. An electrical injection port is provided to verify functionality and performance of each ROIC prior to vacuum integration with a photocathode and microchannel plate amplifier. Test results on the first ROICs using the electrical injection port demonstrate sensitivities between 3 × 103 and 4 × 105 electrons are achieved. A number of fixes are identified for a re-spin of this ROIC.

  6. Multiplicity Counting

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Geist, William H.

    2015-12-01

    This set of slides begins by giving background and a review of neutron counting; three attributes of a verification item are discussed: 240Pu eff mass; α, the ratio of (α,n) neutrons to spontaneous fission neutrons; and leakage multiplication. It then takes up neutron detector systems – theory & concepts (coincidence counting, moderation, die-away time); detector systems – some important details (deadtime, corrections); introduction to multiplicity counting; multiplicity electronics and example distributions; singles, doubles, and triples from measured multiplicity distributions; and the point model: multiplicity mathematics.

  7. Nonadiabatic Dynamics May Be Probed through Electronic Coherence in Time-Resolved Photoelectron Spectroscopy.

    PubMed

    Bennett, Kochise; Kowalewski, Markus; Mukamel, Shaul

    2016-02-09

    We present a hierarchy of Fermi golden rules (FGRs) that incorporate strongly coupled electronic/nuclear dynamics in time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (TRPES) signals at different levels of theory. Expansion in the joint electronic and nuclear eigenbasis yields the numerically most challenging exact FGR (eFGR). The quasistatic Fermi Golden Rule (qsFGR) neglects nuclear motion during the photoionization process but takes into account electronic coherences as well as populations initially present in the pumped matter as well as those generated internally by coupling between electronic surfaces. The standard semiclassical Fermi Golden Rule (scFGR) neglects the electronic coherences and the nuclear kinetic energy during the ionizing pulse altogether, yielding the classical Condon approximation. The coherence contributions depend on the phase-profile of the ionizing field, allowing coherent control of TRPES signals. The photoelectron spectrum from model systems is simulated using these three levels of theory. The eFGR and the qsFGR show temporal oscillations originating from the electronic or vibrational coherences generated as the nuclear wave packet traverses a conical intersection. These oscillations, which are missed by the scFGR, directly reveal the time-evolving splitting between electronic states of the neutral molecule in the curve-crossing regime.

  8. Mimicking the magnetic properties of rare earth elements using superatoms.

    PubMed

    Cheng, Shi-Bo; Berkdemir, Cuneyt; Castleman, A W

    2015-04-21

    Rare earth elements (REs) consist of a very important group in the periodic table that is vital to many modern technologies. The mining process, however, is extremely damaging to the environment, making them low yield and very expensive. Therefore, mimicking the properties of REs in a superatom framework is especially valuable but at the same time, technically challenging and requiring advanced concepts about manipulating properties of atom/molecular complexes. Herein, by using photoelectron imaging spectroscopy, we provide original idea and direct experimental evidence that chosen boron-doped clusters could mimic the magnetic characteristics of REs. Specifically, the neutral LaB and NdB clusters are found to have similar unpaired electrons and magnetic moments as their isovalent REs (namely Nd and Eu, respectively), opening up the great possibility in accomplishing rare earth mimicry. Extension of the superatom concept into the rare earth group not only further shows the power and advance of this concept but also, will stimulate more efforts to explore new superatomic clusters to mimic the chemistry of these heavy atoms, which will be of great importance in designing novel building blocks in the application of cluster-assembled nanomaterials. Additionally, based on these experimental findings, a novel "magic boron" counting rule is proposed to estimate the numbers of unpaired electrons in diatomic LnB clusters.

  9. Automated food microbiology: potential for the hydrophobic grid-membrane filter.

    PubMed Central

    Sharpe, A N; Diotte, M P; Dudas, I; Michaud, G L

    1978-01-01

    Bacterial counts obtained on hydrophobic grid-membrane filters were comparable to conventional plate counts for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus in homogenates from a range of foods. The wide numerical operating range of the hydrophobic grid-membrane filters allowed sequential diluting to be reduced or even eliminated, making them attractive as components in automated systems of analysis. Food debris could be rinsed completely from the unincubated hydrophobic grid-membrane filter surface without affecting the subsequent count, thus eliminating the possibility of counting food particles, a common source of error in electronic counting systems. PMID:100054

  10. Cryogenic, high-resolution x-ray detector with high count rate capability

    DOEpatents

    Frank, Matthias; Mears, Carl A.; Labov, Simon E.; Hiller, Larry J.; Barfknecht, Andrew T.

    2003-03-04

    A cryogenic, high-resolution X-ray detector with high count rate capability has been invented. The new X-ray detector is based on superconducting tunnel junctions (STJs), and operates without thermal stabilization at or below 500 mK. The X-ray detector exhibits good resolution (.about.5-20 eV FWHM) for soft X-rays in the keV region, and is capable of counting at count rates of more than 20,000 counts per second (cps). Simple, FET-based charge amplifiers, current amplifiers, or conventional spectroscopy shaping amplifiers can provide the electronic readout of this X-ray detector.

  11. Apparatus for processing electromagnetic radiation and method

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Gatewood, George D. (Inventor)

    1983-01-01

    Measuring apparatus including a ruled member having alternate transparent and opaque zones. An optical coupler connecting the ruled member with electromagnetic radiation-conversion apparatus. The conversion apparatus may include a photomultiplier and a discriminator. Radiation impinging on the ruled member will, in part, be converted to electrical pulses which correspond to the intensity of the radiation. A method of processing electromagnetic radiation includes providing a member having alternating dark and light zones, establishing movement of the member through the beam of electromagnetic radiation with the dark zones interrupting passage of radiation through the rule, providing an optical coupler to connect a portion of the radiation with a conversion station where the radiation portion is converted into an electrical pulse which is related to the intensity of the radiation received at the conversion station. The electrical pulses may be counted and the digitized signals stored or permanently recorded to produce positional information.

  12. The European Court of Human Rights’ Ruling on Unproven Stem Cell Therapies: A Missed Opportunity?

    PubMed Central

    Rial-Sebbag, Emmanuelle; Blasimme, Alessandro

    2014-01-01

    Abstract On May 6th 2014, the European Court of Human Rights added yet a new element to the judicial history of stem cells as it ruled in Durisotto v. Italy [appeal n. 62804/13]. The ruling rejected a patient claim to access an unproven cell therapy—an outcome that is certainly to be welcomed. However, this ruling is a missed occasion to clarify and reaffirm some important legal distinctions that could have greatly benefited the whole field of regenerative medicine. We claim that the ethical and political assumptions that sustain the regulation of expanded access programs to new therapies should be carefully scrutinized, with particular attention to the justifications for the risks connected to unconventional therapies. A clear legal definition of what counts as compassionate cure as distinct from unregulated and untested therapies cannot be provided unless those points are previously addressed. PMID:25457960

  13. Photon Counting Imaging with an Electron-Bombarded Pixel Image Sensor

    PubMed Central

    Hirvonen, Liisa M.; Suhling, Klaus

    2016-01-01

    Electron-bombarded pixel image sensors, where a single photoelectron is accelerated directly into a CCD or CMOS sensor, allow wide-field imaging at extremely low light levels as they are sensitive enough to detect single photons. This technology allows the detection of up to hundreds or thousands of photon events per frame, depending on the sensor size, and photon event centroiding can be employed to recover resolution lost in the detection process. Unlike photon events from electron-multiplying sensors, the photon events from electron-bombarded sensors have a narrow, acceleration-voltage-dependent pulse height distribution. Thus a gain voltage sweep during exposure in an electron-bombarded sensor could allow photon arrival time determination from the pulse height with sub-frame exposure time resolution. We give a brief overview of our work with electron-bombarded pixel image sensor technology and recent developments in this field for single photon counting imaging, and examples of some applications. PMID:27136556

  14. Electron screening and its effects on big-bang nucleosynthesis

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Wang Biao; Bertulani, C. A.; Balantekin, A. B.

    We study the effects of electron screening on nuclear reaction rates occurring during the big-bang nucleosynthesis epoch. The sensitivity of the predicted elemental abundances on electron screening is studied in detail. It is shown that electron screening does not produce noticeable results in the abundances unless the traditional Debye-Hueckel model for the treatment of electron screening in stellar environments is enhanced by several orders of magnitude. This work rules out electron screening as a relevant ingredient to big-bang nucleosynthesis, confirming a previous study [see Itoh et al., Astrophys. J. 488, 507 (1997)] and ruling out exotic possibilities for the treatmentmore » of screening beyond the mean-field theoretical approach.« less

  15. 77 FR 56905 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE MKT LLC; Order Approving Proposed Rule Change Amending Rule...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-09-14

    ... SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION [Release No. 34-67811; File No. SR-NYSEMKT-2012-26] Self... Add Supplementary Material Relating to a Cross Function That Provides a Regulation NMS Rule 611... 611 of Regulation NMS (``Rule 611'').\\5\\ The Exchange contends that, in today's fast-moving electronic...

  16. 38 CFR 20.3 - Rule 3. Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... VETERANS' APPEALS: RULES OF PRACTICE General § 20.3 Rule 3. Definitions. As used in these Rules: (a) Agency...) Appellant means a claimant who has initiated an appeal to the Board of Veterans' Appeals by filing a Notice.... (h) Electronic hearing means a hearing on appeal in which an appellant or a representative...

  17. Experimental Evaluation of Textbooks and Multimedia.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Mikk, Jaan

    This paper begins by providing an overview of three types of textbook research methods: asking teachers, parents, or students about the different aspects of textbook quality; textbook analysis, i.e. counting some characteristics of a textbook using strictly fixed rules; and the experimental evaluation of textbooks, usually carried out in schools.…

  18. 45 CFR 261.42 - Which reductions count in determining the caseload reduction credit?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... AND HUMAN SERVICES ENSURING THAT RECIPIENTS WORK How Will We Determine Caseload Reduction Credit for... requirements or State changes in eligibility rules since FY 2005 that directly affect a family's eligibility..., time limits, full family sanctions, and other new requirements that deny families assistance when an...

  19. 78 FR 14053 - Vessel Documentation Renewal Fees

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-03-04

    ... fee of $26 per documented vessel. This proposed rule impacts a diverse set of industry sectors with a wide range of fleet sizes and revenues. Table 4 provides example data for three affected small..., Vessel Count, and Cost for Three Affected Small Entities Small entity Small entity Category representing...

  20. Reliability of Multi-Category Rating Scales

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Parker, Richard I.; Vannest, Kimberly J.; Davis, John L.

    2013-01-01

    The use of multi-category scales is increasing for the monitoring of IEP goals, classroom and school rules, and Behavior Improvement Plans (BIPs). Although they require greater inference than traditional data counting, little is known about the inter-rater reliability of these scales. This simulation study examined the performance of nine…

  1. Image Processing

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1993-01-01

    Electronic Imagery, Inc.'s ImageScale Plus software, developed through a Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) contract with Kennedy Space Flight Center for use on space shuttle Orbiter in 1991, enables astronauts to conduct image processing, prepare electronic still camera images in orbit, display them and downlink images to ground based scientists for evaluation. Electronic Imagery, Inc.'s ImageCount, a spin-off product of ImageScale Plus, is used to count trees in Florida orange groves. Other applications include x-ray and MRI imagery, textile designs and special effects for movies. As of 1/28/98, company could not be located, therefore contact/product information is no longer valid.

  2. Medicare and state health care programs: fraud and abuse; safe harbors for certain electronic prescribing and electronic health records arrangements under the anti-kickback statute. Final rule.

    PubMed

    2006-08-08

    As required by the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 (MMA), Public Law 108-173, this final rule establishes a new safe harbor under the Federal anti-kickback statute for certain arrangements involving the provision of electronic prescribing technology. Specifically, the safe harbor would protect certain arrangements involving hospitals, group practices, and prescription drug plan (PDP) sponsors and Medicare Advantage (MA) organizations that provide to specified recipients certain nonmonetary remuneration in the form of hardware, software, or information technology and training services necessary and used solely to receive and transmit electronic prescription information. In addition, in accordance with section 1128B(b)(3)(E) of the Social Security Act (the Act), this final rule creates a separate new safe harbor for certain arrangements involving the provision of nonmonetary remuneration in the form of electronic health records software or information technology and training services necessary and used predominantly to create, maintain, transmit, or receive electronic health records.

  3. Accuracy of Automated Flow Cytometry-Based Leukocyte Counts To Rule Out Urinary Tract Infection in Febrile Children: a Prospective Cross-Sectional Study

    PubMed Central

    Duong, Hong Phuoc; Wissing, Karl Martin; Tram, Nathalie; Mascart, Georges; Lepage, Philippe

    2016-01-01

    Automated flow cytometry of urine remains an incompletely validated method to rule out urinary tract infection (UTI) in children. This cross-sectional analytical study was performed to compare the predictive values of flow cytometry and a dipstick test as initial diagnostic tests for UTI in febrile children and prospectively included 1,106 children (1,247 episodes). Urine culture was used as the gold standard test for diagnosing UTI. The performance of screening tests to diagnose UTI were established using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Among these 1,247 febrile episodes, 221 UTIs were diagnosed (17.7% [95% confidence interval {CI}, 15.6 to 19.8%]). The area under the ROC curve for flow cytometry white blood cell (WBC) counts (0.99 [95% CI, 0.98 to 0.99]) was significantly superior to that for red blood cell (0.74 [95% CI, 0.70 to 0.78]) and bacterial counts (0.89 [95% CI, 0.87 to 0.92]) (P < 0.001). Urinary WBC counts also had a significantly higher area under the ROC curve than that of the leukocyte esterase (LE) dipstick (0.92 [95% CI, 0.90 to 0.94]), nitrite dipstick (0.83 [95% CI, 0.80 to 0.87]), or the combination of positive LE and/or nitrite dipstick (0.91 [95% CI, 0.89 to 0.93]) test (P < 0.001). The presence of ≥35 WBC/μl of urine was the best cutoff point, yielding both a high sensitivity (99.5% [95% CI, 99 to 100%]) and an acceptable specificity (80.6% [95% CI, 78 to 83%]). Using this cutoff point would have reduced the number of samples sent to the laboratory for culture by 67%. In conclusion, the determination of urinary WBC counts by flow cytometry provides optimal performance as an initial diagnostic test for UTI in febrile children. PMID:27682127

  4. Frequency, pattern, and extent of skin diseases in relation to CD4+ cell count among adults with human immunodeficiency virus infection or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in Osogbo, southwestern Nigeria.

    PubMed

    Akinboro, Adeolu Oladayo; Onayemi, Olaniyi; Mejiuni, Ayodele D

    2014-04-01

    Skin diseases characterize all stages of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and contribute significantly to associated morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to document the prevalences, patterns, and extents (severity) of skin diseases and their relationships with immunologic status in HIV/AIDS patients. A total of 140 HIV/AIDS patients in different stages of HIV infection and 140 controls were recruited. Skin diseases were documented and CD4+ cell counts determined in all subjects. Severity was assessed according to the body surface area affected (using the Wallace rule of nines and the rule of palm) for lesions that tended to be widespread. The number of digits involved was counted for lesions involving the nails. Intensity of pain was graded for specific conditions such as herpes zoster. Chi-squared statistics and Pearson correlations were determined. Mean±standard deviation age was 35.04±8.83 years in the patient group and 32.21±8.30 years in the control group. The prevalences and patterns of skin diseases in HIV/AIDS patients were similar to those reported in previous studies. Most commonly found dermatoses were oral candidiasis (n=28, 20.0%), pruritic papular eruption (n=27, 19.3%), xeroderma (n=23, 16.4%), dermatophytosis (n=22, 15.7%), and fluffy hair (n=19, 13.6%). The presence of specific skin lesions represented a better correlate with immunosuppression than cutaneous extents. However, the extents of viral warts and multiple blue–black nails correlated significantly with CD4+ cell count. The presence of a lighter hair color phenotype signifies a lower CD4+ cell count than a softer hair phenotype. The presence of specific skin lesions correlates more strongly with a low CD4+ cell count than does the extent of their distribution, except in cases of viral warts. The presence of and higher numbers of nails affected with blue–black nail hyperpigmentation suggest severe immunosuppression.

  5. Tunneling Statistics for Analysis of Spin-Readout Fidelity

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gorman, S. K.; He, Y.; House, M. G.; Keizer, J. G.; Keith, D.; Fricke, L.; Hile, S. J.; Broome, M. A.; Simmons, M. Y.

    2017-09-01

    We investigate spin and charge dynamics of a quantum dot of phosphorus atoms coupled to a radio-frequency single-electron transistor (SET) using full counting statistics. We show how the magnetic field plays a role in determining the bunching or antibunching tunneling statistics of the donor dot and SET system. Using the counting statistics, we show how to determine the lowest magnetic field where spin readout is possible. We then show how such a measurement can be used to investigate and optimize single-electron spin-readout fidelity.

  6. A comparative study of different methods for calculating electronic transition rates

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kananenka, Alexei A.; Sun, Xiang; Schubert, Alexander; Dunietz, Barry D.; Geva, Eitan

    2018-03-01

    We present a comprehensive comparison of the following mixed quantum-classical methods for calculating electronic transition rates: (1) nonequilibrium Fermi's golden rule, (2) mixed quantum-classical Liouville method, (3) mean-field (Ehrenfest) mixed quantum-classical method, and (4) fewest switches surface-hopping method (in diabatic and adiabatic representations). The comparison is performed on the Garg-Onuchic-Ambegaokar benchmark charge-transfer model, over a broad range of temperatures and electronic coupling strengths, with different nonequilibrium initial states, in the normal and inverted regimes. Under weak to moderate electronic coupling, the nonequilibrium Fermi's golden rule rates are found to be in good agreement with the rates obtained via the mixed quantum-classical Liouville method that coincides with the fully quantum-mechanically exact results for the model system under study. Our results suggest that the nonequilibrium Fermi's golden rule can serve as an inexpensive yet accurate alternative to Ehrenfest and the fewest switches surface-hopping methods.

  7. Managing the life cycle of electronic clinical documents.

    PubMed

    Payne, Thomas H; Graham, Gail

    2006-01-01

    To develop a model of the life cycle of clinical documents from inception to use in a person's medical record, including workflow requirements from clinical practice, local policy, and regulation. We propose a model for the life cycle of clinical documents as a framework for research on documentation within electronic medical record (EMR) systems. Our proposed model includes three axes: the stages of the document, the roles of those involved with the document, and the actions those involved may take on the document at each stage. The model includes the rules to describe who (in what role) can perform what actions on the document, and at what stages they can perform them. Rules are derived from needs of clinicians, and requirements of hospital bylaws and regulators. Our model encompasses current practices for paper medical records and workflow in some EMR systems. Commercial EMR systems include methods for implementing document workflow rules. Workflow rules that are part of this model mirror functionality in the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) EMR system where the Authorization/ Subscription Utility permits document life cycle rules to be written in English-like fashion. Creating a model of the life cycle of clinical documents serves as a framework for discussion of document workflow, how rules governing workflow can be implemented in EMR systems, and future research of electronic documentation.

  8. Auroral, Polar Cap, and Polar Cusp Modeling and Data Analysis for the IMAGE Mission and LENA Instrument

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Wilson, Gordon R.

    2001-01-01

    One of the chief mysteries in the LENA perigee pass data is the lack of an apparent auroral oval in the images. Another is that in some cases ENA are seen from any direction near the Earth regardless of the latitude of the spacecraft. These facts lead one to ask a fundamental question: Is the instrument responding to ENA primarily? One possible way to get out of the "ambiguity" of the data is to assume that at least part of the signal is produced by something other than ENA. The two main candidates for this "something else" are UV light and energetic charged particles. UV light could only effect the instrument when its fan shaped aperture points toward the source. The most intense of which will be the sun, with day glow being the second strongest and the auroral zone, the third. We can rule out UV light as a prime source of counts in the perigee pass data for the following reasons: 1) The perigee pass signal is different in form and much stronger than the sun pulse signal seen just before or just after perigee; 2) There is no indication of the auroral zone, which would produce at least two peaks in the counts versus spin phase curve; 3) Mike Colliers' analysis of the sun pulse signal shows that it varies with the flux of the solar wind and not with variations in the solar UV flux. Charge particles that enter the aperture of the instrument and produce counts would show up when the instrument looks in the direction from which they come. In all of the data I am analyzing voltages were being applied to the collimators so that most charged particles should have been excluded from the instrument but this effect could still show up where the flux of energetic particles is high enough. The most likely place would be in the auroral zone where energetic electrons and protons precipitate. If these particles are producing counts then they should be seen when the instrument looks in and near the zenith direction. In nearly all of the perigee passes the zenith direction is devoid of counts.

  9. A multi-purpose readout electronics for CdTe and CZT detectors for x-ray imaging applications

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yue, X. B.; Deng, Z.; Xing, Y. X.; Liu, Y. N.

    2017-09-01

    A multi-purpose readout electronics based on the DPLMS digital filter has been developed for CdTe and CZT detectors for X-ray imaging applications. Different filter coefficients can be synthesized optimized either for high energy resolution at relatively low counting rate or for high rate photon-counting with reduced energy resolution. The effects of signal width constraints, sampling rate and length were numerical studied by Mento Carlo simulation with simple CRRC shaper input signals. The signal width constraint had minor effect and the ENC was only increased by 6.5% when the signal width was shortened down to 2 τc. The sampling rate and length depended on the characteristic time constants of both input and output signals. For simple CR-RC input signals, the minimum number of the filter coefficients was 12 with 10% increase in ENC when the output time constant was close to the input shaping time. A prototype readout electronics was developed for demonstration, using a previously designed analog front ASIC and a commercial ADC card. Two different DPLMS filters were successfully synthesized and applied for high resolution and high counting rate applications respectively. The readout electronics was also tested with a linear array CdTe detector. The energy resolutions of Am-241 59.5 keV peak were measured to be 6.41% in FWHM for the high resolution filter and to be 13.58% in FWHM for the high counting rate filter with 160 ns signal width constraint.

  10. A new n-type half-Heusler thermoelectric material NbCoSb

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Huang, Lihong; Department of Physics and TcSUH, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204; He, Ran

    2015-10-15

    Highlights: • Half-Heusler alloy NbCoSb with 19 valence electron count was studied as TE material. • It is surprising that NbCoSb is n-type. • A maximum ZT of ∼0.4 is achieved at 700 °C without optimization. • It opens up a new route to develop new half-Heusler thermoelectric materials. • It is very interesting that a traditionally thought of VEC of 18 is not required. - Abstract: We surprisingly made a new n-type thermoelectric compound NbCoSb with half-Heusler (HH) structure having valence electron count of 19, different from the traditional 18, which opens up a new route to develop newmore » half-Heusler thermoelectric materials not following the traditional valence electron count of 18. The samples are made by arc melting followed by ball milling and hot pressing. The effect of hot pressing temperature on the thermoelectric properties of NbCoSb samples has been studied. A maximum thermoelectric figure-of-merit (ZT) of ∼0.4 is achieved at 700 °C in NbCoSb sample that is hot pressed at 1000 °C. This work add a new member to HH compounds for thermoelectric applications, although the peak ZT of ∼0.4 is still lower than that of the traditional HHs. Moreover, it is very interesting to see that a traditionally thought of valence electron counts of 18 is not required.« less

  11. Isoelectronic substitutions and aluminium alloying in the Ta-Nb-Hf-Zr-Ti high-entropy alloy superconductor

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    von Rohr, Fabian O.; Cava, Robert J.

    2018-03-01

    High-entropy alloys (HEAs) are a new class of materials constructed from multiple principal elements statistically arranged on simple crystallographic lattices. Due to the large amount of disorder present, they are excellent model systems for investigating the properties of materials intermediate between crystalline and amorphous states. Here we report the effects of systematic isoelectronic replacements, using Mo-Y, Mo-Sc, and Cr-Sc mixtures, for the valence electron count 4 and 5 elements in the body-centered cubic (BCC) Ta-Nb-Zr-Hf-Ti high-entropy alloy (HEA) superconductor. We find that the superconducting transition temperature Tc strongly depends on the elemental makeup of the alloy, and not exclusively its electron count. The replacement of niobium or tantalum by an isoelectronic mixture lowers the transition temperature by more than 60%, while the isoelectronic replacement of hafnium, zirconium, or titanium has a limited impact on Tc. We further explore the alloying of aluminium into the nearly optimal electron count [TaNb] 0.67(ZrHfTi) 0.33 HEA superconductor. The electron count dependence of the superconducting Tc for (HEA)Al x is found to be more crystallinelike than for the [TaNb] 1 -x(ZrHfTi) x HEA solid solution. For an aluminum content of x =0.4 the high-entropy stabilization of the simple BCC lattice breaks down. This material crystallizes in the tetragonal β -uranium structure type and superconductivity is not observed above 1.8 K.

  12. 77 FR 4591 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Chicago Board Options Exchange, Incorporated; Notice of Filing and...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-01-30

    ... Effectiveness of Proposed Rule Change Related to the Appointments in Hybrid 3.0 Classes January 23, 2012...'') appointments in Hybrid 3.0 classes.\\5\\ The text of the proposed rule change is available on the Exchange's Web... electronic quotes in their appointed classes. ``Hybrid 3.0 Platform'' is an electronic trading platform on...

  13. Inequalities for frequency-moment sum rules of electron liquids

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Iwamoto, N.

    1986-01-01

    The relations between the various frequency-moment sum rules of electron liquids, which include even-power moments, are systematically examined by using the Cauchy-Schwarz and Hoelder inequalities. A relation involving the isothermal sound velocity and the kinetic and potential energies is obtained from one of the inequalities in the long-wavelength limit, and is generalized to arbitrary spatial dimensions.

  14. Learn about the Cross-Media Electronic Reporting Rule

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    The Cross-Media Electronic Reporting Regulation (CROMERR) provides the legal framework for electronic reporting (ER) under all of the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) environmental regulations.

  15. Evaluating the Effectiveness of Auditing Rules for Electronic Health Record Systems

    PubMed Central

    Hedda, Monica; Malin, Bradley A.; Yan, Chao; Fabbri, Daniel

    2017-01-01

    Healthcare organizations (HCOs) often deploy rule-based auditing systems to detect insider threats to sensitive patient health information in electronic health record (EHR) systems. These rule-based systems define behavior deemed to be high-risk a priori (e.g., family member, co-worker access). While such rules seem logical, there has been little scientific investigation into the effectiveness of these auditing rules in identifying inappropriate behavior. Thus, in this paper, we introduce an approach to evaluate the effectiveness of individual high-risk rules and rank them according to their potential risk. We investigate the rate of high-risk access patterns and minimum rate of high-risk accesses that can be explained with appropriate clinical reasons in a large EHR system. An analysis of 8M accesses from one-week of data shows that specific high-risk flags occur more frequently than theoretically expected and the rate at which accesses can be explained away with five simple reasons is 16 - 43%. PMID:29854153

  16. Evaluating the Effectiveness of Auditing Rules for Electronic Health Record Systems.

    PubMed

    Hedda, Monica; Malin, Bradley A; Yan, Chao; Fabbri, Daniel

    2017-01-01

    Healthcare organizations (HCOs) often deploy rule-based auditing systems to detect insider threats to sensitive patient health information in electronic health record (EHR) systems. These rule-based systems define behavior deemed to be high-risk a priori (e.g., family member, co-worker access). While such rules seem logical, there has been little scientific investigation into the effectiveness of these auditing rules in identifying inappropriate behavior. Thus, in this paper, we introduce an approach to evaluate the effectiveness of individual high-risk rules and rank them according to their potential risk. We investigate the rate of high-risk access patterns and minimum rate of high-risk accesses that can be explained with appropriate clinical reasons in a large EHR system. An analysis of 8M accesses from one-week of data shows that specific high-risk flags occur more frequently than theoretically expected and the rate at which accesses can be explained away with five simple reasons is 16 - 43%.

  17. Direct Observations of ULF and Whistler-Mode Chorus Modulation of 500eV EDI Electrons by MMS

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Paulson, K. W.; Argall, M. R.; Ahmadi, N.; Torbert, R. B.; Le Contel, O.; Ergun, R.; Khotyaintsev, Y. V.; Strangeway, R. J.; Magnes, W.; Russell, C. T.

    2016-12-01

    We present here direct observations of chorus-wave modulated field-aligned 500 eV electrons using the Electron Drift Instrument (EDI) on board the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission. These periods of wave activity were additionally observed to be modulated by Pc5-frequency magnetic perturbations, some of which have been identified as drifting mirror-mode structures. The spacecraft encountered these mirror-mode structures just inside of the duskside magnetopause. Using the high sampling rate provided by EDI in burst sampling mode, we are able to observe the individual count fluctuations of field-aligned electrons in this region up to 512 Hz. We use the multiple look directions of EDI to generate both pitch angle and gyrophase plots of the fluctuating counts. Our observations often show unidirectional flow of these modulated electrons along the background field, and in some cases demonstrate gyrophase bunching in the wave region.

  18. Enhancing the Linear Dynamic Range in Multi-Channel Single Photon Detector beyond 7OD

    PubMed Central

    Gudkov, Dmytro; Gudkov, George; Gorbovitski, Boris; Gorfinkel, Vera

    2015-01-01

    We present design, implementation, and characterization of a single photon detector based on 32-channel PMT sensor [model H7260-20, Hamamatsu]. The developed high speed electronics enables the photon counting with linear dynamic range (LDR) up to 108count/s per detector's channel. The experimental characterization and Monte-Carlo simulations showed that in the single photon counting mode the LDR of the PMT sensor is limited by (i) “photon” pulse width (current pulse) of 900ps and (ii) substantial decrease of amplitudes of current pulses for count rates exceeding 108 count/s. The multi-channel architecture of the detector and the developed firm/software allow further expansion of the dynamic range of the device by 32-fold by using appropriate beam shaping. The developed single photon counting detector was tested for the detection of fluorescence labeled microbeads in capillary flow. PMID:27087788

  19. A high-throughput, multi-channel photon-counting detector with picosecond timing

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lapington, J. S.; Fraser, G. W.; Miller, G. M.; Ashton, T. J. R.; Jarron, P.; Despeisse, M.; Powolny, F.; Howorth, J.; Milnes, J.

    2009-06-01

    High-throughput photon counting with high time resolution is a niche application area where vacuum tubes can still outperform solid-state devices. Applications in the life sciences utilizing time-resolved spectroscopies, particularly in the growing field of proteomics, will benefit greatly from performance enhancements in event timing and detector throughput. The HiContent project is a collaboration between the University of Leicester Space Research Centre, the Microelectronics Group at CERN, Photek Ltd., and end-users at the Gray Cancer Institute and the University of Manchester. The goal is to develop a detector system specifically designed for optical proteomics, capable of high content (multi-parametric) analysis at high throughput. The HiContent detector system is being developed to exploit this niche market. It combines multi-channel, high time resolution photon counting in a single miniaturized detector system with integrated electronics. The combination of enabling technologies; small pore microchannel plate devices with very high time resolution, and high-speed multi-channel ASIC electronics developed for the LHC at CERN, provides the necessary building blocks for a high-throughput detector system with up to 1024 parallel counting channels and 20 ps time resolution. We describe the detector and electronic design, discuss the current status of the HiContent project and present the results from a 64-channel prototype system. In the absence of an operational detector, we present measurements of the electronics performance using a pulse generator to simulate detector events. Event timing results from the NINO high-speed front-end ASIC captured using a fast digital oscilloscope are compared with data taken with the proposed electronic configuration which uses the multi-channel HPTDC timing ASIC.

  20. 78 FR 23474 - Rules of General Application and Adjudication and Enforcement

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-04-19

    ...)(4)(iii) and (c)(4)(iv). Seventh, with regard to Sec. 210.28, relating to depositions, the Commission has clarified that each notice for corporate designations would only count as one deposition... need to respond to a notice of deposition other than to make objections. Eighth, with regard to Sec...

  1. The Future of Humanities Labor

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Bauerlein, Mark

    2008-01-01

    "Publish or perish" has long been the formula of academic labor at research universities, but for many humanities professors that imperative has decayed into a simple rule of production. The publish-or-perish model assumed a peer-review process that maintained quality, but more and more it is the bare volume of printed words that counts. When…

  2. The Ruling Relation of Evidence-Based Practice: The Case of Documentary Governance in a Social Welfare Service

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Pilerot, Ola

    2016-01-01

    Introduction: Evidence-based practice has broadened and spread into new areas including librarianship. This reorientation has resulted in increased uncertainty regarding what counts as evidence and has caused a tension between formalised procedures and professional judgment. This theoretical paper aims to extend the knowledge about how…

  3. 77 FR 48188 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; EDGA Exchange, Inc.; Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-08-13

    ... excessive. The proposed rule change reflects a competitive pricing structure designed to incent market... HA counts towards achieving the tiered pricing in Footnote 4 and the rate for Flag HA does not change... pricing changes in the PSX's pending filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission, which is...

  4. 7 CFR 275.24 - High performance bonuses.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... to persons with incomes below 125 percent of poverty, as calculated in accordance with paragraph (b... rules by State averaged over the calendar year. For the number of people below 125 percent of poverty... of people below 125 percent of poverty for the same calendar year. FNS will reduce the count in each...

  5. 7 CFR 275.24 - High performance bonuses.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... to persons with incomes below 125 percent of poverty, as calculated in accordance with paragraph (b... rules by State averaged over the calendar year. For the number of people below 125 percent of poverty... of people below 125 percent of poverty for the same calendar year. FNS will reduce the count in each...

  6. 7 CFR 275.24 - High performance bonuses.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... to persons with incomes below 125 percent of poverty, as calculated in accordance with paragraph (b... rules by State averaged over the calendar year. For the number of people below 125 percent of poverty... of people below 125 percent of poverty for the same calendar year. FNS will reduce the count in each...

  7. 7 CFR 275.24 - High performance bonuses.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... to persons with incomes below 125 percent of poverty, as calculated in accordance with paragraph (b... rules by State averaged over the calendar year. For the number of people below 125 percent of poverty... of people below 125 percent of poverty for the same calendar year. FNS will reduce the count in each...

  8. 42 CFR 415.206 - Services of residents in nonprovider settings.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... PHYSICIANS IN TEACHING SETTINGS, AND RESIDENTS IN CERTAIN SETTINGS Services of Residents § 415.206 Services... equivalency residents in the calculation of a teaching hospital's resident count. The teaching physician rules on carrier payments in §§ 415.170 through 415.184 apply in these teaching settings. (b) Physician fee...

  9. Absorption and backscatter of internal conversion electrons in the measurements of surface contamination of ¹³⁷Cs.

    PubMed

    Yunoki, A; Kawada, Y; Yamada, T; Unno, Y; Sato, Y; Hino, Y

    2013-11-01

    We measured 4π and 2π counting efficiencies for internal conversion electrons (ICEs), gross β-particles and also β-rays alone with various source conditions regarding absorber and backing foil thickness using e-X coincidence technique. Dominant differences regarding the penetration, attenuation and backscattering properties among ICEs and β-rays were revealed. Although the abundance of internal conversion electrons of (137)Cs-(137)Ba is only 9.35%, 60% of gross counts may be attributed to ICEs in worse source conditions. This information will be useful for radionuclide metrology and for surface contamination monitoring. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  10. A heuristic statistical stopping rule for iterative reconstruction in emission tomography.

    PubMed

    Ben Bouallègue, F; Crouzet, J F; Mariano-Goulart, D

    2013-01-01

    We propose a statistical stopping criterion for iterative reconstruction in emission tomography based on a heuristic statistical description of the reconstruction process. The method was assessed for MLEM reconstruction. Based on Monte-Carlo numerical simulations and using a perfectly modeled system matrix, our method was compared with classical iterative reconstruction followed by low-pass filtering in terms of Euclidian distance to the exact object, noise, and resolution. The stopping criterion was then evaluated with realistic PET data of a Hoffman brain phantom produced using the GATE platform for different count levels. The numerical experiments showed that compared with the classical method, our technique yielded significant improvement of the noise-resolution tradeoff for a wide range of counting statistics compatible with routine clinical settings. When working with realistic data, the stopping rule allowed a qualitatively and quantitatively efficient determination of the optimal image. Our method appears to give a reliable estimation of the optimal stopping point for iterative reconstruction. It should thus be of practical interest as it produces images with similar or better quality than classical post-filtered iterative reconstruction with a mastered computation time.

  11. TH-EF-207A-03: Photon Counting Implementation Challenges Using An Electron Multiplying Charged-Coupled Device Based Micro-CT System

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Podgorsak, A; Bednarek, D; Rudin, S

    2016-06-15

    Purpose: To successfully implement and operate a photon counting scheme on an electron multiplying charged-coupled device (EMCCD) based micro-CT system. Methods: We built an EMCCD based micro-CT system and implemented a photon counting scheme. EMCCD detectors use avalanche transfer registries to multiply the input signal far above the readout noise floor. Due to intrinsic differences in the pixel array, using a global threshold for photon counting is not optimal. To address this shortcoming, we generated a threshold array based on sixty dark fields (no x-ray exposure). We calculated an average matrix and a variance matrix of the dark field sequence.more » The average matrix was used for the offset correction while the variance matrix was used to set individual pixel thresholds for the photon counting scheme. Three hundred photon counting frames were added for each projection and 360 projections were acquired for each object. The system was used to scan various objects followed by reconstruction using an FDK algorithm. Results: Examination of the projection images and reconstructed slices of the objects indicated clear interior detail free of beam hardening artifacts. This suggests successful implementation of the photon counting scheme on our EMCCD based micro-CT system. Conclusion: This work indicates that it is possible to implement and operate a photon counting scheme on an EMCCD based micro-CT system, suggesting that these devices might be able to operate at very low x-ray exposures in a photon counting mode. Such devices could have future implications in clinical CT protocols. NIH Grant R01EB002873; Toshiba Medical Systems Corp.« less

  12. 17 CFR 232.101 - Mandated electronic submissions and exceptions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Mandated electronic... COMMISSION REGULATION S-T-GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS FOR ELECTRONIC FILINGS Electronic Filing Requirements § 232.101 Mandated electronic submissions and exceptions. (a) Mandated electronic submissions. (1) The...

  13. 17 CFR 232.101 - Mandated electronic submissions and exceptions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Mandated electronic... COMMISSION REGULATION S-T-GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS FOR ELECTRONIC FILINGS Electronic Filing Requirements § 232.101 Mandated electronic submissions and exceptions. (a) Mandated electronic submissions. (1) The...

  14. Correlation Functions Quantify Super-Resolution Images and Estimate Apparent Clustering Due to Over-Counting

    PubMed Central

    Veatch, Sarah L.; Machta, Benjamin B.; Shelby, Sarah A.; Chiang, Ethan N.; Holowka, David A.; Baird, Barbara A.

    2012-01-01

    We present an analytical method using correlation functions to quantify clustering in super-resolution fluorescence localization images and electron microscopy images of static surfaces in two dimensions. We use this method to quantify how over-counting of labeled molecules contributes to apparent self-clustering and to calculate the effective lateral resolution of an image. This treatment applies to distributions of proteins and lipids in cell membranes, where there is significant interest in using electron microscopy and super-resolution fluorescence localization techniques to probe membrane heterogeneity. When images are quantified using pair auto-correlation functions, the magnitude of apparent clustering arising from over-counting varies inversely with the surface density of labeled molecules and does not depend on the number of times an average molecule is counted. In contrast, we demonstrate that over-counting does not give rise to apparent co-clustering in double label experiments when pair cross-correlation functions are measured. We apply our analytical method to quantify the distribution of the IgE receptor (FcεRI) on the plasma membranes of chemically fixed RBL-2H3 mast cells from images acquired using stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM/dSTORM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We find that apparent clustering of FcεRI-bound IgE is dominated by over-counting labels on individual complexes when IgE is directly conjugated to organic fluorophores. We verify this observation by measuring pair cross-correlation functions between two distinguishably labeled pools of IgE-FcεRI on the cell surface using both imaging methods. After correcting for over-counting, we observe weak but significant self-clustering of IgE-FcεRI in fluorescence localization measurements, and no residual self-clustering as detected with SEM. We also apply this method to quantify IgE-FcεRI redistribution after deliberate clustering by crosslinking with two distinct trivalent ligands of defined architectures, and we evaluate contributions from both over-counting of labels and redistribution of proteins. PMID:22384026

  15. Characterization of Sphinx1 ASIC X-ray detector using photon counting and charge integration

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Habib, A.; Arques, M.; Moro, J.-L.; Accensi, M.; Stanchina, S.; Dupont, B.; Rohr, P.; Sicard, G.; Tchagaspanian, M.; Verger, L.

    2018-01-01

    Sphinx1 is a novel pixel architecture adapted for X-ray imaging, it detects radiation by photon counting and charge integration. In photon counting mode, each photon is compensated by one or more counter-charges typically consisting of 100 electrons (e-) each. The number of counter-charges required gives a measure of the incoming photon energy, thus allowing spectrometric detection. Pixels can also detect radiation by integrating the charges deposited by all incoming photons during one image frame and converting this analog value into a digital response with a 100 electrons least significant bit (LSB), based on the counter-charge concept. A proof of concept test chip measuring 5 mm × 5 mm, with 200 μm × 200 μm pixels has been produced and characterized. This paper provides details on the architecture and the counter-charge design; it also describes the two modes of operation: photon counting and charge integration. The first performance measurements for this test chip are presented. Noise was found to be ~80 e-rms in photon counting mode with a power consumption of only 0.9 μW/pixel for the static analog part and 0.3 μW/pixel for the static digital part.

  16. Identifying Emergency Department Patients at Low Risk for a Variceal Source of Upper Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage.

    PubMed

    Klein, Lauren R; Money, Joel; Maharaj, Kaveesh; Robinson, Aaron; Lai, Tarissa; Driver, Brian E

    2017-11-01

    Assessing the likelihood of a variceal versus nonvariceal source of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) guides therapy, but can be difficult to determine on clinical grounds. The objective of this study was to determine if there are easily ascertainable clinical and laboratory findings that can identify a patient as low risk for a variceal source of hemorrhage. This was a retrospective cohort study of adult ED patients with UGIB between January 2008 and December 2014 who had upper endoscopy performed during hospitalization. Clinical and laboratory data were abstracted from the medical record. The source of the UGIB was defined as variceal or nonvariceal based on endoscopic reports. Binary recursive partitioning was utilized to create a clinical decision rule. The rule was internally validated and test characteristics were calculated with 1,000 bootstrap replications. A total of 719 patients were identified; mean age was 55 years and 61% were male. There were 71 (10%) patients with a variceal UGIB identified on endoscopy. Binary recursive partitioning yielded a two-step decision rule (platelet count > 200 × 10 9 /L and an international normalized ratio [INR] < 1.3), which identified patients who were low risk for a variceal source of hemorrhage. For the bootstrapped samples, the rule performed with 97% sensitivity (95% confidence interval [CI] = 91%-100%) and 49% specificity (95% CI = 44%-53%). Although this derivation study must be externally validated before widespread use, patients presenting to the ED with an acute UGIB with platelet count of >200 × 10 9 /L and an INR of <1.3 may be at very low risk for a variceal source of their upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. © 2017 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine.

  17. Core List of Astronomy and Physics Journals

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bryson, Liz; Fortner, Diane; Yorks, Pamela

    This is a list of highly-used and highly-cited physics and astronomy journals. "Use" is measured largely on paper-journal counts from selective academic research-level libraries. Citation count titles are drawn from Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) data. Recognition is given to entrepreneurial electronic-only or new-style electronic journals. Selective news, magazine, and general science journals are omitted. The compilers welcome questions, suggestions for additions, or other advice. Comments may be sent c/o Diane Fortner, Physics Library, University of California, Berkeley. Dfortner@library.berkeley.edu

  18. Study of runaway electrons in TUMAN-3M tokamak plasmas

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Shevelev, A.; Khilkevitch, E.; Tukachinsky, A.; Pandya, S.; Askinazi, L.; Belokurov, A.; Chugunov, I.; Doinikov, D.; Gin, D.; Iliasova, M.; Kiptily, V.; Kornev, V.; Lebedev, S.; Naidenov, V.; Plyusnin, V.; Polunovsky, I.; Zhubr, N.

    2018-07-01

    Studies of runaway electrons in present day tokamaks are essential to improve theoretical models and to support possible avoidance or suppression mechanisms in future large-scale plasma devices. Some of the phenomena associated with the runaway electrons take place at faster time scales, and thus it is essential to probe the runaway electrons to investigate underlying physics. The present article reports a few experimental observations of runaway electron associated events, at fast time scales, using a state-of-the-art multi-detector system developed at the Ioffe Institute and recently deployed on the TUMAN-3M tokamak. The system is based on the high-performance scintillation gamma-ray spectrometers for measurements of bremsstrahlung generated during the interaction of accelerated electrons with plasma and materials of the tokamak chamber. It includes a total three detectors configured in the spectroscopic mode having different lines of sight. Along with this hardware, dedicated algorithms were developed and validated that enables the separation of piled-up pulses, maximize the dynamic range of the detector and provides a counting rate as high as 107 counts per second. The inversion code, DeGaSum, has been used for the reconstruction of a runaway electron energy distribution function from the measured gamma-ray spectra. Using this tool, experimental analysis of the runaway electron beam generation and evolution of their energy distribution in the TUMAN-3M representative plasma discharges is performed. The effect on gamma-ray count rate during the magnetohydrodynamic activities and possible changes in the runaway electron energy distribution function during sawtooth oscillations is discussed in detail. Possible maximum limit of the runaway electron energy in TUMAN-3M is investigated and compared with the numerical analysis. In addition, the probability of the runaway electron generation throughout the plasma discharge is estimated analytically and compared with the experimental observation that suggests a balance between production and loss of the runaway electrons.

  19. Validating and updating a prediction rule for serious bacterial infection in patients with fever without source.

    PubMed

    Bleeker, S E; Derksen-Lubsen, G; Grobbee, D E; Donders, A R T; Moons, K G M; Moll, H A

    2007-01-01

    To externally validate and update a previously developed rule for predicting the presence of serious bacterial infections in children with fever without apparent source. Patients, 1-36 mo, presenting with fever without source, were prospectively enrolled. Serious bacterial infection included bacterial meningitis, sepsis, bacteraemia, pneumonia, urinary tract infection, bacterial gastroenteritis, osteomyelitis/ethmoiditis. The generalizability of the original rule was determined. Subsequently, the prediction rule was updated using all available data of the patients with fever without source (1996-1998 and 2000-2001, n = 381) using multivariable logistic regression. the generalizability of the rule appeared insufficient in the new patients (n = 150). In the updated rule, independent predictors from history and examination were duration of fever, vomiting, ill clinical appearance, chest-wall retractions and poor peripheral circulation (ROC area (95%CI): 0.69 (0.63-0.75)). Additional independent predictors from laboratory were serum white blood cell count and C-reactive protein, and in urinalysis > or = 70 white bloods (ROC area (95%CI): 0.83 (0.78-0.88). A previously developed prediction rule for predicting the presence of serious bacterial infection in children with fever without apparent source was updated. Its clinical score can be used as a first screening tool. Additional laboratory testing may specify the individual risk estimate (range: 4-54%) further.

  20. 75 FR 9120 - Electronic Fund Transfers

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-03-01

    ...), 17(b)(4)--General Rule and Scope of Opt-In; Notice and Opt-In Requirements Section 205.17(b)(1) of the Regulation E final rule sets forth the general rule prohibiting an account-holding financial... have imperfect account balance information, the Board stated that financial institutions are in a...

  1. 75 FR 856 - Sunshine Act Meetings

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-01-06

    ... Matters: (a) Lead in Electronic Devices--Final Rule; (b) Mandatory Recall Notice--Final Rule. A live... recorded message containing the latest agenda information, call (301) 504-7948. FOR MORE INFORMATION...

  2. Submillimeter Schottky Diodes with Electron Beam Lithography.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1979-12-01

    Timer 2: external clock, oneshot , 0’ sixteen bit counting modes are .,selected, no data is entered; interrupts are disabled. Timer 3: external clock and...CLOCK, ONESHOT MODE, NO INTERRUPTS, 00031* 16 BIT COUNTING MODE, OUTPUT IS EN- 00032 * ABLED; NO DATA IS ENTERED, 00033 00034 * TIMER3: EXT CLOCK

  3. The application of data mining to explore association rules between metabolic syndrome and lifestyles.

    PubMed

    Huang, Yi Chao

    This study used an efficient data mining algorithm, called DCIP (the data cutting and inner product method), to explore association rules between the lifestyles of factory workers in Taiwan and the metabolic syndrome. A total of 1,216 workers in four companies completed a lifestyle questionnaire. Results of the questionnaire survey were integrated into the workers' health examination reports to form an attribute database of the metabolic syndrome. Among the association rules derived by DCIP, 80% of those on the list of the top 15 highest support counts are corroborated by medical literature or by healthcare professionals. These findings prove that data mining is a valid and effective research method, and that larger sample sizes will likely produce more accurate associations connecting the metabolic syndrome to specific lifestyles. The rules already verified can serve as a reference guide for the health management of factory workers. The remaining 20%, while still lacking hard evidence, provide fertile ground for future research.

  4. Cross-Media Electronic Reporting Rule

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Cross-Media Electronic Reporting Regulation (CROMERR) sets performance-based, technology-neutral standards for systems that states, tribes, and local governments use to receive electronic reports from facilities they regulate under EPA-authorized programs.

  5. 18 CFR 35.7 - Electronic filing requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Electronic filing... § 35.7 Electronic filing requirements. (a) General rule. All filings made in proceedings initiated... declarations or statements and electronic signatures. (c) Format requirements for electronic filing. The...

  6. 18 CFR 35.7 - Electronic filing requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Electronic filing... § 35.7 Electronic filing requirements. (a) General rule. All filings made in proceedings initiated... declarations or statements and electronic signatures. (c) Format requirements for electronic filing. The...

  7. 18 CFR 35.7 - Electronic filing requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Electronic filing... § 35.7 Electronic filing requirements. (a) General rule. All filings made in proceedings initiated... declarations or statements and electronic signatures. (c) Format requirements for electronic filing. The...

  8. 18 CFR 35.7 - Electronic filing requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Electronic filing... § 35.7 Electronic filing requirements. (a) General rule. All filings made in proceedings initiated... declarations or statements and electronic signatures. (c) Format requirements for electronic filing. The...

  9. SPECTRA. September 2011

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2011-09-01

    Spots 2000th Comet 14 LASCO: 13,587 CMEs and Counting 15 Viewing the Sun in 3-D with STEREO 18 NRL Launches Nanosatellite Experimental Platforms...specifically count the most abundant particles in the solar wind — electrons, protons, and helium ions — and measure their proper- ties. The...and Counting NRL FEATURES S O L A R P H Y S IC S Total mass injection in the solar wind by CMEs over the last 14 years as observed by the LASCO

  10. 78 FR 47859 - Medicare Program; Inpatient Rehabilitation Facility Prospective Payment System for Federal Fiscal...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-08-06

    ...This final rule updates the prospective payment rates for inpatient rehabilitation facilities (IRFs) for federal fiscal year (FY) 2014 (for discharges occurring on or after October 1, 2013 and on or before September 30, 2014) as required by the statute. This final rule also revised the list of diagnosis codes that may be counted toward an IRF's ``60 percent rule'' compliance calculation to determine ``presumptive compliance,'' update the IRF facility-level adjustment factors using an enhanced estimation methodology, revise sections of the Inpatient Rehabilitation Facility-Patient Assessment Instrument, revise requirements for acute care hospitals that have IRF units, clarify the IRF regulation text regarding limitation of review, update references to previously changed sections in the regulations text, and revise and update quality measures and reporting requirements under the IRF quality reporting program.

  11. Medicare and Medicaid programs: Hospital Outpatient Prospective Payment and Ambulatory Surgical Center Payment Systems and Quality Reporting Programs; electronic reporting pilot; Inpatient Rehabilitation Facilities Quality Reporting Program; revision to Quality Improvement Organization regulations. Final rule with comment period.

    PubMed

    2012-11-15

    This final rule with comment period revises the Medicare hospital outpatient prospective payment system (OPPS) and the Medicare ambulatory surgical center (ASC) payment system for CY 2013 to implement applicable statutory requirements and changes arising from our continuing experience with these systems. In this final rule with comment period, we describe the changes to the amounts and factors used to determine the payment rates for Medicare services paid under the OPPS and those paid under the ASC payment system. In addition, this final rule with comment period updates and refines the requirements for the Hospital Outpatient Quality Reporting (OQR) Program, the ASC Quality Reporting (ASCQR) Program, and the Inpatient Rehabilitation Facility (IRF) Quality Reporting Program. We are continuing the electronic reporting pilot for the Electronic Health Record (EHR) Incentive Program, and revising the various regulations governing Quality Improvement Organizations (QIOs), including the secure transmittal of electronic medical information, beneficiary complaint resolution and notification processes, and technical changes. The technical changes to the QIO regulations reflect CMS' commitment to the general principles of the President's Executive Order on Regulatory Reform, Executive Order 13563 (January 18, 2011).

  12. Determination of nitrogen in coal macerals using electron microprobe technique-experimental procedure

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Mastalerz, Maria; Gurba, L.W.

    2001-01-01

    This paper discusses nitrogen determination with the Cameca SX50 electron microprobe using PCO as an analyzing crystal. A set of conditions using differing accelerating voltages, beam currents, beam sizes, and counting times were tested to determine parameters that would give the most reliable nitrogen determination. The results suggest that, for the instrumentation used, 10 kV, current 20 nA, and a counting time of 20 s provides the most reliable nitrogen determination, with a much lower detection limit than the typical concentration of this element in coal. The study demonstrates that the electron microprobe technique can be used to determine the nitrogen content of coal macerals successfully and accurately. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

  13. Counting statistics of tunneling current

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Levitov, L. S.; Reznikov, M.

    2004-09-01

    The form of electron counting statistics of the tunneling current noise in a generic many-body interacting electron system is obtained and universal relations between its different moments are derived. A generalized fluctuation-dissipation theorem providing a relation between current and noise at arbitrary bias-to-temperature ratio eV/kBT is established in the tunneling Hamiltonian approximation. The third correlator of current fluctuations S3 (the skewness of the charge counting distribution) has a universal Schottky-type relation with the current and quasiparticle charge that holds in a wide bias voltage range, both at large and small eV/kBT . The insensitivity of S3 to the Nyquist-Schottky crossover represents an advantage compared to the Schottky formula for the noise power. We discuss the possibility of using the correlator S3 for detecting quasiparticle charge at high temperatures.

  14. 49 CFR 26.47 - Can recipients be penalized for failing to meet overall goals?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Can recipients be penalized for failing to meet... Goals, Good Faith Efforts, and Counting § 26.47 Can recipients be penalized for failing to meet overall... rule, because your DBE participation falls short of your overall goal, unless you have failed to...

  15. 76 FR 64983 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE Amex LLC; Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness of...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-10-19

    ...-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE Amex LLC; Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness of Proposed Rule Change... currently count toward both the $350,000 cap and the 3,500,000 thresholds, but are not themselves capped... standard fee schedule, with the exception of transactions that exceed the fee cap threshold for Specialists...

  16. 77 FR 18875 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE Arca, Inc.; Notice of Filing of Proposed Rule Change To Amend...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-03-28

    ... floor trades executed by Floor Market Makers [sic] a designated Trading Zone, not just those to which... Makers are not appointed to a designated Trading Zone, they are subject to certain Market Maker... effected on the Trading Floor to count toward the Market Maker's appointment trading requirement and to...

  17. 42 CFR 422.103 - Benefits under an MA MSA plan.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Benefits under an MA MSA plan. 422.103 Section 422... Benefits under an MA MSA plan. (a) General rule. An MA organization offering an MA MSA plan must make...) Countable expenses. An MA organization offering an MA MSA plan must count toward the annual deductible at...

  18. 42 CFR 422.103 - Benefits under an MA MSA plan.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Benefits under an MA MSA plan. 422.103 Section 422... Benefits under an MA MSA plan. (a) General rule. An MA organization offering an MA MSA plan must make...) Countable expenses. An MA organization offering an MA MSA plan must count toward the annual deductible at...

  19. 29 CFR 4006.5 - Exemptions and special rules.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... year. (4) Certain small new and newly covered plans. A plan is described in this paragraph if— (i) It is a small plan other than a continuation plan, and (ii) It is a new plan or a newly covered plan. (b... the plan year preceding the premium payment year. (d) Participant count date; new and newly covered...

  20. 75 FR 38574 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness of Proposed Rule...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-07-02

    ... any ``against'' votes if that option were to be made available on the proxy card) must immediately... with contested elections for directors. Under the proposed amendment to the Bylaws, the proxy card... counted as a vote cast either ``for'' or ``against'' such director's election). In the event that any...

  1. 75 FR 26825 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; New York Stock Exchange, LLC; Order Approving Proposed Rule Change...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-05-12

    ... Permanent a Unit-of-Count Metric Alternative for NYSE OpenBook Products May 5, 2010. I. Introduction On... Vendors use NYSE OpenBook data in their display services. In fact, the Exchange believes that proposal could encourage Vendors to create and promote innovative uses of NYSE OpenBook information. For instance...

  2. MATS E-Reporting Final Action

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    This page describes the interim final rule that will allow owners or operators of electric generating units to submit to EPA electronic emissions and compliance reports for the Mercury and Air Toxics rule.

  3. 77 FR 53967 - Medicare and Medicaid Programs; Electronic Health Record Incentive Program-Stage 2

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-09-04

    ...This final rule specifies the Stage 2 criteria that eligible professionals (EPs), eligible hospitals, and critical access hospitals (CAHs) must meet in order to qualify for Medicare and/or Medicaid electronic health record (EHR) incentive payments. In addition, it specifies payment adjustments under Medicare for covered professional services and hospital services provided by EPs, eligible hospitals, and CAHs failing to demonstrate meaningful use of certified EHR technology (CEHRT) and other program participation requirements. This final rule revises certain Stage 1 criteria, as finalized in the July 28, 2010 final rule, as well as criteria that apply regardless of Stage.

  4. 76 FR 53763 - Immigration Benefits Business Transformation, Increment I

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-08-29

    ...The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is amending its regulations to enable U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) to migrate from a paper file-based, non-integrated systems environment to an electronic customer-focused, centralized case management environment for benefit processing. This transformation process will allow USCIS to streamline benefit processing, eliminate the capture and processing of redundant data, and reduce the number of and automate its forms. This transformation process will be a phased multi-year initiative to restructure USCIS business processes and related information technology systems. DHS is removing references to form numbers, form titles, expired regulatory provisions, and descriptions of internal procedures, many of which will change during transformation. DHS is also finalizing interim rules that permitted submission of benefit requests with an electronic signature when such requests are submitted in an electronic format rather than on a paper form and that removed references to filing locations for immigration benefits. In addition, in this rule DHS is publishing the final rule for six other interim rules published during the past several years, most of which received no public comments.

  5. An automated method of quantifying ferrite microstructures using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) data.

    PubMed

    Shrestha, Sachin L; Breen, Andrew J; Trimby, Patrick; Proust, Gwénaëlle; Ringer, Simon P; Cairney, Julie M

    2014-02-01

    The identification and quantification of the different ferrite microconstituents in steels has long been a major challenge for metallurgists. Manual point counting from images obtained by optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is commonly used for this purpose. While classification systems exist, the complexity of steel microstructures means that identifying and quantifying these phases is still a great challenge. Moreover, point counting is extremely tedious, time consuming, and subject to operator bias. This paper presents a new automated identification and quantification technique for the characterisation of complex ferrite microstructures by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). This technique takes advantage of the fact that different classes of ferrite exhibit preferential grain boundary misorientations, aspect ratios and mean misorientation, all of which can be detected using current EBSD software. These characteristics are set as criteria for identification and linked to grain size to determine the area fractions. The results of this method were evaluated by comparing the new automated technique with point counting results. The technique could easily be applied to a range of other steel microstructures. © 2013 Published by Elsevier B.V.

  6. Air and smear sample calculational tool for Fluor Hanford Radiological control

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    BAUMANN, B.L.

    2003-07-11

    A spreadsheet calculation tool was developed to automate the calculations performed for determining the concentration of airborne radioactivity and smear counting as outlined in HNF-13536, Section 5.2.7, ''Analyzing Air and Smear Samples''. This document reports on the design and testing of the calculation tool. Radiological Control Technicians (RCTs) will save time and reduce hand written and calculation errors by using an electronic form for documenting and calculating work place air samples. Current expectations are RCTs will perform an air sample and collect the filter or perform a smear for surface contamination. RCTs will then survey the filter for gross alphamore » and beta/gamma radioactivity and with the gross counts utilize either hand calculation method or a calculator to determine activity on the filter. The electronic form will allow the RCT with a few key strokes to document the individual's name, payroll, gross counts, instrument identifiers; produce an error free record. This productivity gain is realized by the enhanced ability to perform mathematical calculations electronically (reducing errors) and at the same time, documenting the air sample.« less

  7. A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF ACUTE APPENDICITIS, RUPTURED APPENDICITIS AND THE LEVEL OF LEUKOCYTOSIS IN PAEDIATRIC SURGICAL PATIENTS OF NELSON MANDELA CENTRAL HOSPITAL.

    PubMed

    Mtimba, L; Dhaffala, A; Molaoa, S Z

    2017-06-01

    Appendicectomy is the most commonly performed operation worldwide. The diagnosis is predominantly based on clinical findings. Some patients will clinically be unclear if ruptured or acute inflamed appendicitis; the level of white cell count has been used as the predictor for ruptured appendicitis. This was a retrospective chart review of paediatric surgical patients admitted at Nelson Mandela Central Hospital, Mthatha South Africa. A total of 214 patients with a diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Overall, the ruptured appendicitis was 62% and 38% were inflamed appendicitis. Nature of the acute appendicitis: White cell count, Inflamed, Ruptured, Total p-value < 9.9 21 30 51 0.075, 10-14.9 28 54 82 0.0, 15-19.9 17 29 46 0.012, 20-29.9 5 26 31 0.0 > 30 0 4 4. This study has demonstrated that in patients who are diagnosed with acute appendicitis clinically, the normal white cell count does not necessarily rule out ruptured acute appendicitis. But the risks of ruptured acute appendicitis increase with the increase level of white cell count.

  8. 78 FR 46563 - Endangered and Threatened Species: Proposed Rule To Designate Critical Habitat for the Northwest...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-08-01

    ... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 50 CFR Part 226 [Docket No...), Commerce. ACTION: Proposed rule; request for comments; correction. SUMMARY: In the proposed rule that we... electronic public comments via the Federal e-Rulemaking Portal. Go to www.regulations.gov/#!docketDetail ;D...

  9. 12 CFR 5.2 - Rules of general applicability.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Rules of general applicability. 5.2 Section 5.2 Banks and Banking COMPTROLLER OF THE CURRENCY, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY RULES, POLICIES, AND... the Currency, 250 E Street, SW., Washington, DC 20219-0001. (d) Electronic filing. The OCC may permit...

  10. 12 CFR 5.2 - Rules of general applicability.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Rules of general applicability. 5.2 Section 5.2 Banks and Banking COMPTROLLER OF THE CURRENCY, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY RULES, POLICIES, AND... the Currency, 250 E Street, SW., Washington, DC 20219-0001. (d) Electronic filing. The OCC may permit...

  11. 75 FR 29792 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NASDAQ OMX PHLX, Inc.; Order Approving a Proposed Rule Change...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-05-27

    ... administered pursuant to the Exchange's minor rule plan (``MRP''). As amended, the fine schedule would now..., the Commission believes that the proposed changes to the MRP should strengthen the Exchange's ability... quote spread parameter rule, under the MRP, reasonably addresses quoting violations on an electronic...

  12. 77 FR 22022 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; C2 Options Exchange, Incorporated; Order Approving a Proposed Rule...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-04-12

    ... Organizations; C2 Options Exchange, Incorporated; Order Approving a Proposed Rule Change Relating To Stock-Option Orders April 6, 2012. I. Introduction On February 7, 2012, the C2 Options Exchange, Incorporated...'s procedures for electronically executing stock-option orders. The proposed rule change was...

  13. 76 FR 81549 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc.; Notice of Filing...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-12-28

    ... securities. \\5\\ The exemption in FINRA Rule 6730(e)(4) is conditioned, among other things, upon a data... the Act,\\6\\ which requires, among other things, that FINRA rules must be designed to prevent... following methods: Electronic Comments Use the Commission's Internet comment form ( http://www.sec.gov/rules...

  14. Thermoelectric Properties of Complex Zintl Phases

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Snyder, G. Jeffrey

    2008-03-01

    Complex Zintl phases make ideal thermoelectric materials because they can exhibit the necessary ``electron-crystal, phonon-glass'' properties required for high thermoelectric efficiency. Complex crystal structures can lead to high thermoelectric figure of merit (zT) by having extraordinarily low lattice thermal conductivity. A recent example is the discovery that Yb14MnSb11, a complex Zintl compound, has twice the zT as the SiGe based material currently in use at NASA. The high temperature (300K - 1300K) electronic properties of Yb14MnSb11 can be understood using models for heavily doped semiconductors. The free hole concentration, confirmed by Hall effect measurements, is set by the electron counting rules of Zintl and the valence of the transition metal (Mn^+2). Substitution of nonmagnetic Zn^+2 for the magnetic Mn^+2 reduces the spin-disorder scattering and leads to increased zT (10%). The reduction of spin-disorder scattering is consistent with the picture of Yb14MnSb11 as an underscreened Kondo lattice as derived from low temperature measurements. The hole concentration can be reduced by the substitution of Al^+3 for Mn^+2, which leads to an increase in the Seebeck coefficient and electrical resistivity consistent with models for degenerate semiconductors. This leads to further improvements (about 25%) in zT and a reduction in the temperature where the zT peaks. The peak in zT is due to the onset of minority carrier conduction and can be correlated with reduction in Seebeck coefficient, increase in electrical conductivity and increase in thermal conductivity due to bipolar thermal conduction.

  15. 17 CFR 232.100 - Persons and entities subject to mandated electronic filing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... to mandated electronic filing. 232.100 Section 232.100 Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION REGULATION S-T-GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS FOR ELECTRONIC FILINGS Electronic Filing Requirements § 232.100 Persons and entities subject to mandated electronic filing. The following...

  16. 17 CFR 232.100 - Persons and entities subject to mandated electronic filing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... to mandated electronic filing. 232.100 Section 232.100 Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION REGULATION S-T-GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS FOR ELECTRONIC FILINGS Electronic Filing Requirements § 232.100 Persons and entities subject to mandated electronic filing. The following...

  17. 17 CFR 232.100 - Persons and entities subject to mandated electronic filing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... to mandated electronic filing. 232.100 Section 232.100 Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION REGULATION S-T-GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS FOR ELECTRONIC FILINGS Electronic Filing Requirements § 232.100 Persons and entities subject to mandated electronic filing. The following...

  18. 17 CFR 232.100 - Persons and entities subject to mandated electronic filing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... to mandated electronic filing. 232.100 Section 232.100 Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION REGULATION S-T-GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS FOR ELECTRONIC FILINGS Electronic Filing Requirements § 232.100 Persons and entities subject to mandated electronic filing. The following...

  19. 17 CFR 232.100 - Persons and entities subject to mandated electronic filing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... to mandated electronic filing. 232.100 Section 232.100 Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION REGULATION S-T-GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS FOR ELECTRONIC FILINGS Electronic Filing Requirements § 232.100 Persons and entities subject to mandated electronic filing. The following...

  20. Surface Stability and Growth Kinetics of Compound Semiconductors: An Ab Initio-Based Approach

    PubMed Central

    Kangawa, Yoshihiro; Akiyama, Toru; Ito, Tomonori; Shiraishi, Kenji; Nakayama, Takashi

    2013-01-01

    We review the surface stability and growth kinetics of III-V and III-nitride semiconductors. The theoretical approach used in these studies is based on ab initio calculations and includes gas-phase free energy. With this method, we can investigate the influence of growth conditions, such as partial pressure and temperature, on the surface stability and growth kinetics. First, we examine the feasibility of this approach by comparing calculated surface phase diagrams of GaAs(001) with experimental results. In addition, the Ga diffusion length on GaAs(001) during molecular beam epitaxy is discussed. Next, this approach is systematically applied to the reconstruction, adsorption and incorporation on various nitride semiconductor surfaces. The calculated results for nitride semiconductor surface reconstructions with polar, nonpolar, and semipolar orientations suggest that adlayer reconstructions generally appear on the polar and the semipolar surfaces. However, the stable ideal surface without adsorption is found on the nonpolar surfaces because the ideal surface satisfies the electron counting rule. Finally, the stability of hydrogen and the incorporation mechanisms of Mg and C during metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy are discussed. PMID:28811438

  1. Reionization and the cosmic microwave background in an open universe

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Persi, Fred M.

    1995-01-01

    If the universe was reionized at high reshift (z greater than or approximately equal to 30) or never recombined, then photon-electron scattering can erase fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background at scales less than or approximately equal to 1 deg. Peculiar motion at the surface of last scattering will then have given rise to new anisotropy at the 1 min level through the Vishniac effect. Here the observed fluctuations in galaxy counts are extrapolated to high redshifts using linear theory, and the expected anisotropy is computed. The predicted level of anisotropies is a function of Omega(sub 0) and the ratio of the density in ionized baryons to the critical density and is shown to depend strongly on the large- and small-scale power. It is not possible to make general statements about the viability of all reionized models based on current observations, but it is possible to rule out specific models for structure formation, particularly those with high baryonic content or small-scale power. The induced fluctuations are shown to scale with cosmological parameters and optical depth.

  2. Monitoring Butterfly Abundance: Beyond Pollard Walks

    PubMed Central

    Pellet, Jérôme; Bried, Jason T.; Parietti, David; Gander, Antoine; Heer, Patrick O.; Cherix, Daniel; Arlettaz, Raphaël

    2012-01-01

    Most butterfly monitoring protocols rely on counts along transects (Pollard walks) to generate species abundance indices and track population trends. It is still too often ignored that a population count results from two processes: the biological process (true abundance) and the statistical process (our ability to properly quantify abundance). Because individual detectability tends to vary in space (e.g., among sites) and time (e.g., among years), it remains unclear whether index counts truly reflect population sizes and trends. This study compares capture-mark-recapture (absolute abundance) and count-index (relative abundance) monitoring methods in three species (Maculinea nausithous and Iolana iolas: Lycaenidae; Minois dryas: Satyridae) in contrasted habitat types. We demonstrate that intraspecific variability in individual detectability under standard monitoring conditions is probably the rule rather than the exception, which questions the reliability of count-based indices to estimate and compare specific population abundance. Our results suggest that the accuracy of count-based methods depends heavily on the ecology and behavior of the target species, as well as on the type of habitat in which surveys take place. Monitoring programs designed to assess the abundance and trends in butterfly populations should incorporate a measure of detectability. We discuss the relative advantages and inconveniences of current monitoring methods and analytical approaches with respect to the characteristics of the species under scrutiny and resources availability. PMID:22859980

  3. Electronic stopping in oxides beyond Bragg additivity

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sigmund, P.; Schinner, A.

    2018-01-01

    We present stopping cross sections calculated by our PASS code for several ions in metal oxides and SiO2 over a wide energy range. Input takes into account changes in the valence structure by assigning two additional electrons to the 2p shell of oxygen and removing the appropriate number of electrons from the outer shells of the metal atom. Results are compared with tabulated experimental values and with two versions of Bragg's additivity rule. Calculated stopping cross sections are applied in testing a recently-proposed scaling rule, which relates the stopping cross section to the number of oxygen atoms per molecule.

  4. Electronic propensity rules in Li-H+ collisions involving initial and/or final oriented states

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Salas, P. J.

    2000-12-01

    Electronic excitation and capture processes are studied in collisions involving systems with only one active electron such as the alkaline (Li)-proton in the medium-energy region (0.1-15 keV). Using the semiclassical impact parameter method, the probabilities and the orientation parameter are calculated for transitions between initial and/or final oriented states. The results show a strong asymmetry in the probabilities depending on the orientation of the initial and/or final states. An intuitive view of the processes, by means of the concepts of propensity and velocity matching rules, is provided.

  5. Simple and accurate sum rules for highly relativistic systems

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Cohen, Scott M.

    2005-03-01

    In this paper, I consider the Bethe and Thomas-Reiche-Kuhn sum rules, which together form the foundation of Bethe's theory of energy loss from fast charged particles to matter. For nonrelativistic target systems, the use of closure leads directly to simple expressions for these quantities. In the case of relativistic systems, on the other hand, the calculation of sum rules is fraught with difficulties. Various perturbative approaches have been used over the years to obtain relativistic corrections, but these methods fail badly when the system in question is very strongly bound. Here, I present an approach that leads to relatively simple expressions yielding accurate sums, even for highly relativistic many-electron systems. I also offer an explanation for the difference between relativistic and nonrelativistic sum rules in terms of the Zitterbewegung of the electrons.

  6. A compact 7-cell Si-drift detector module for high-count rate X-ray spectroscopy.

    PubMed

    Hansen, K; Reckleben, C; Diehl, I; Klär, H

    2008-05-01

    A new Si-drift detector module for fast X-ray spectroscopy experiments was developed and realized. The Peltier-cooled module comprises a sensor with 7 × 7-mm 2 active area, an integrated circuit for amplification, shaping and detection, storage, and derandomized readout of signal pulses in parallel, and amplifiers for line driving. The compactness and hexagonal shape of the module with a wrench size of 16mm allow very short distances to the specimen and multi-module arrangements. The power dissipation is 186mW. At a shaper peaking time of 190 ns and an integration time of 450 ns an electronic rms noise of ~11 electrons was achieved. When operated at 7 °C, FWHM line widths around 260 and 460 eV (Cu-K α ) were obtained at low rates and at sum-count rates of 1.7 MHz, respectively. The peak shift is below 1% for a broad range of count rates. At 1.7-MHz sum-count rate the throughput loss amounts to 30%.

  7. A General Design Rule to Manipulate Photocarrier Transport Path in Solar Cells and Its Realization by the Plasmonic-Electrical Effect

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sha, Wei E. I.; Zhu, Hugh L.; Chen, Luzhou; Chew, Weng Cho; Choy, Wallace C. H.

    2015-02-01

    It is well known that transport paths of photocarriers (electrons and holes) before collected by electrodes strongly affect bulk recombination and thus electrical properties of solar cells, including open-circuit voltage and fill factor. For boosting device performance, a general design rule, tailored to arbitrary electron to hole mobility ratio, is proposed to decide the transport paths of photocarriers. Due to a unique ability to localize and concentrate light, plasmonics is explored to manipulate photocarrier transport through spatially redistributing light absorption at the active layer of devices. Without changing the active materials, we conceive a plasmonic-electrical concept, which tunes electrical properties of solar cells via the plasmon-modified optical field distribution, to realize the design rule. Incorporating spectrally and spatially configurable metallic nanostructures, thin-film solar cells are theoretically modelled and experimentally fabricated to validate the design rule and verify the plasmonic-tunable electrical properties. The general design rule, together with the plasmonic-electrical effect, contributes to the evolution of emerging photovoltaics.

  8. Splitting of electrons and violation of the Luttinger sum rule

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Quinn, Eoin

    2018-03-01

    We obtain a controlled description of a strongly correlated regime of electronic behavior. We begin by arguing that there are two ways to characterize the electronic degree of freedom, either by the canonical fermion algebra or the graded Lie algebra su (2 |2 ) . The first underlies the Fermi liquid description of correlated matter, and we identify a regime governed by the latter. We exploit an exceptional central extension of su (2 |2 ) to employ a perturbative scheme recently developed by Shastry and obtain a series of successive approximations for the electronic Green's function. We then focus on the leading approximation, which reveals a splitting in two of the electronic dispersion. The Luttinger sum rule is violated, and a Mott metal-insulator transition is exhibited. We offer a perspective.

  9. A Statistical Correlation Between Low L-shell Electrons Measured by NOAA Satellites and Strong Earthquakes

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Fidani, C.

    2015-12-01

    More than 11 years of the Medium Energy Protons Electrons Detector data from the NOAA polar orbiting satellites were analyzed. Significant electron counting rate fluctuations were evidenced during geomagnetic quiet periods by using a set of adiabatic coordinates. Electron counting rates were compared to earthquakes by defining a seismic event L-shell obtained radially projecting the epicenter geographical positions to a given altitude. Counting rate fluctuations were grouped in every satellite semi-orbit together with strong seismic events and these were chosen with the L-shell coordinates close to each other. Electron data from July 1998 to December 2011 were compared for nearly 1,800 earthquakes with magnitudes larger than or equal to 6, occurring worldwide. When considering 30 - 100 keV energy channels by the vertical NOAA telescopes and earthquake epicenter projections at altitudes greater that 1,300 km, a 4 sigma correlation appeared where time of particle precipitations Tpp occurred 2 - 3 hour prior time of large seismic events Teq. This was in physical agreement with different correlation times obtained from past studies that considered particles with greater energies. The correlation suggested a 4-8 hour advance in preparedness of strong earthquakes influencing the ionosphere. Considering this strong correlation between earthquakes and electron rate fluctuations, and the hypothesis that such fluctuations originated with magnetic disturbances generated underground, a small scale experiment with low cost at ground level is advisable. Plans exists to perform one or more unconventional experiments around an earthquake affected area by private investor in Italy.

  10. 77 FR 76139 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE Arca, Inc.; Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness of...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-12-26

    ... happen because of a temporary systems outage, a communications issue between the electronic and floor... Commission's Internet comment form ( http://www.sec.gov/rules/sro.shtml ); or Send an email to rule-comments... Commission will post all comments on the Commission's Internet Web site ( http://www.sec.gov/rules/sro.shtml...

  11. 75 FR 39081 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Notice of Filing of a Proposed Rule Change by The NASDAQ Stock...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-07-07

    ... 1000'') and specified Exchange Traded Products (``ETP'') to the pilot rule. The text of the proposed...\\ Changes are marked to the rule text that appears in the electronic manual of NASDAQ found at http... last-sale price disseminated by a network processor over a five minute rolling period measured...

  12. Module Six: Parallel Circuits; Basic Electricity and Electronics Individualized Learning System.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Bureau of Naval Personnel, Washington, DC.

    In this module the student will learn the rules that govern the characteristics of parallel circuits; the relationships between voltage, current, resistance and power; and the results of common troubles in parallel circuits. The module is divided into four lessons: rules of voltage and current, rules for resistance and power, variational analysis,…

  13. 77 FR 57173 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; C2 Options Exchange, Incorporated; Notice of Filing of a Proposed...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-09-17

    ... Organizations; C2 Options Exchange, Incorporated; Notice of Filing of a Proposed Rule Change Relating to Complex... its Rules regarding complex order auctions. The text of the proposed rule change is available on the... basis, the Exchange may activate the electronic complex order request for responses (``RFR'') auction...

  14. 77 FR 60000 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Chicago Mercantile Exchange Inc.; Notice of Filing and Order...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-10-01

    ... recently amended Rule 971 to, among other things, add new subsection D, which requires the chief executive...: Electronic Comments Use the Commission's Internet comment form ( http://www.sec.gov/rules/sro.shtml ); or... Commission will post all comments on the Commission's Internet Web site ( http://www.sec.gov/rules/sro.shtml...

  15. 77 FR 74719 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE Arca, Inc.; Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness of...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-12-17

    ... for Electronic Complex Order executions, and (vii) include days when the Exchange closes early in the... combined thresholds in contracts from Customer posted orders in Penny Pilot issues and Electronic Complex Orders.\\5\\ The Exchange proposes not to count Electronic Complex Orders toward the Customer monthly...

  16. [A Generator of Mono-energetic Electrons for Response Test of Charged Particle Detectors.].

    PubMed

    Matsubayashi, Fumiyasu; Yoshida, Katsuhide; Maruyama, Koichi

    2005-01-01

    We designed and fabricated a generator of mono-energetic electrons for the response test of charged particle detectors, which is used to measure fragmented particles of the carbon beam for cancer therapy. Mono-energetic electrons are extracted from (90)Sr by analyzing the energy of beta rays in the generator with a magnetic field. We evaluated performance parameters of the generator such as the absolute energy, the energy resolution and the counting rates of extracted electrons. The generator supplies mono-energetic electrons from 0.5MeV to 1.7MeV with the energy resolution of 20% in FWHM at higher energies than 1.0MeV. The counting rate of electrons is 400cpm at the maximum when the activity of (90)Sr is 298kBq. The generator was used to measure responses of fragmented-particle detectors and to determine the threshold energy of the detectors. We evaluated the dependence of pulse height variation on the detector position and the threshold energy by using the generator. We concluded this generator is useful for the response test of general charged particle detectors.

  17. Precision Measurement of the Beryllium-7 Solar Neutrino Interaction Rate in Borexino

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Saldanha, Richard Nigel

    Solar neutrinos, since their first detection nearly forty years ago, have revealed valuable information regarding the source of energy production in the Sun, and have demonstrated that neutrino oscillations are well described by the Large Mixing Angle (LMA) oscillation parameters with matter interactions due to the Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein (MSW) effect. This thesis presents a precision measurement of the 7Be solar neutrino interaction rate within Borexino, an underground liquid scintillator detector that is designed to measure solar neutrino interactions through neutrino-electron elastic scattering. The thesis includes a detailed description of the analysis techniques developed and used for this measurement as well as an evaluation of the relevant systematic uncertainties that affect the precision of the result. The rate of neutrino-electron elastic scattering from 0.862 MeV 7Be neutrinos is determined to be 45.4 +/- 1.6 (stat) +/- 1.5 (sys) counts/day/100 ton. Due to extensive detector calibrations and improved analysis methods, the systematic uncertainty in the interaction rate has been reduced by more than a factor of two from the previous evaluation. In the no-oscillation hypothesis, the interaction rate corresponds to a 0.862 MeV 7Be electron neutrino flux of (2.75 +/- 0.13) x 10 9 cm-2 sec-1. Including the predicted neutrino flux from the Standard Solar Model yields an electron neutrino survival probability of Pee 0.51 +/- 0.07 and rules out the no-oscillation hypothesis at 5.1sigma The LMA-MSW neutrino oscillation model predicts a transition in the solar Pee value between low (< 1 MeV) and high (> 10 MeV) energies which has not yet been experimentally confirmed. This result, in conjunction with the Standard Solar Model, represents the most precise measurement of the electron neutrino survival probability for solar neutrinos at sub-MeV energies.

  18. Structural and electronic properties of AlN(0001) surface under partial N coverage as determined by ab initio approach

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Strak, Pawel; Sakowski, Konrad; Kempisty, Pawel

    2015-09-07

    Properties of bare and nitrogen-covered Al-terminated AlN(0001) surface were determined using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. At a low nitrogen coverage, the Fermi level is pinned by Al broken bond states located below conduction band minimum. Adsorption of nitrogen is dissociative with an energy gain of 6.05 eV/molecule at a H3 site creating an overlap with states of three neighboring Al surface atoms. During this adsorption, electrons are transferred from Al broken bond to topmost N adatom states. Accompanying charge transfer depends on the Fermi level. In accordance with electron counting rule (ECR), the DFT results confirm the Fermi levelmore » is not pinned at the critical value of nitrogen coverage θ{sub N}(1) = 1/4 monolayer (ML), but it is shifted from an Al-broken bond state to Np{sub z} state. The equilibrium thermodynamic potential of nitrogen in vapor depends drastically on the Fermi level pinning being shifted by about 4 eV for an ECR state at 1/4 ML coverage. For coverage above 1/4 ML, adsorption is molecular with an energy gain of 1.5 eV at a skewed on-top position above an Al surface atom. Electronic states of the admolecule are occupied as in the free molecule, no electron transfer occurs and adsorption of a N{sub 2} molecule does not depend on the Fermi level. The equilibrium pressure of molecular nitrogen above an AlN(0001) surface depends critically on the Fermi level position, being very low and very high for low and high coverage, respectively. From this fact, one can conclude that at typical growth conditions, the Fermi level is not pinned, and the adsorption and incorporation of impurities depend on the position of Fermi level in the bulk.« less

  19. 18 CFR 390.1 - Electronic registration.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Electronic registration. 390.1 Section 390.1 Conservation of Power and Water Resources FEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY PROCEDURAL RULES ELECTRONIC REGISTRATION § 390.1 Electronic registration. Any person who...

  20. 18 CFR 390.1 - Electronic registration.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Electronic registration. 390.1 Section 390.1 Conservation of Power and Water Resources FEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY PROCEDURAL RULES ELECTRONIC REGISTRATION § 390.1 Electronic registration. Any person who...

  1. 18 CFR 390.1 - Electronic registration.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Electronic registration. 390.1 Section 390.1 Conservation of Power and Water Resources FEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY PROCEDURAL RULES ELECTRONIC REGISTRATION § 390.1 Electronic registration. Any person who...

  2. 18 CFR 390.1 - Electronic registration.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Electronic registration. 390.1 Section 390.1 Conservation of Power and Water Resources FEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY PROCEDURAL RULES ELECTRONIC REGISTRATION § 390.1 Electronic registration. Any person who...

  3. 18 CFR 390.1 - Electronic registration.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Electronic registration. 390.1 Section 390.1 Conservation of Power and Water Resources FEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY PROCEDURAL RULES ELECTRONIC REGISTRATION § 390.1 Electronic registration. Any person who...

  4. Why you cannot transform your way out of trouble for small counts.

    PubMed

    Warton, David I

    2018-03-01

    While data transformation is a common strategy to satisfy linear modeling assumptions, a theoretical result is used to show that transformation cannot reasonably be expected to stabilize variances for small counts. Under broad assumptions, as counts get smaller, it is shown that the variance becomes proportional to the mean under monotonic transformations g(·) that satisfy g(0)=0, excepting a few pathological cases. A suggested rule-of-thumb is that if many predicted counts are less than one then data transformation cannot reasonably be expected to stabilize variances, even for a well-chosen transformation. This result has clear implications for the analysis of counts as often implemented in the applied sciences, but particularly for multivariate analysis in ecology. Multivariate discrete data are often collected in ecology, typically with a large proportion of zeros, and it is currently widespread to use methods of analysis that do not account for differences in variance across observations nor across responses. Simulations demonstrate that failure to account for the mean-variance relationship can have particularly severe consequences in this context, and also in the univariate context if the sampling design is unbalanced. © 2017 The Authors. Biometrics published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Biometric Society.

  5. Electrochemical detection device. [for use in microbiology

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Young, R. N.; Wilkins, J. R. (Inventor)

    1979-01-01

    A standard pH reference electrode and a platinum cathodic electrode are positioned in a container with suitable nutrient medium for microbial growth plus the sample to be tested. The two electrodes are connected to electronic circuitry including an up/down counter whicn counts up for the first 80 minutes after a test has initiated. Then the potential between the two electrodes is tracked by the electronic circuitry and after there is a change of 10 mv a signal is sent to the up/down counter to cause it to reverse its count. When there is a additional 20 mv change in the potential between the two electrodes another signal is sent to the up/down counter, signalling it to stop. The resulting count on the counter is equal to the length of time for the inoculum to begin the production of measurable amounts of H2 after inoculation.

  6. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Guinn, I.; Buuck, M.; Cuesta, C.

    The MAJORANA Collaboration will seek neutrinoless double beta decay (0νββ) in {sup 76}Ge using isotopically enriched p-type point contact (PPC) high purity Germanium (HPGe) detectors. A tonne-scale array of HPGe detectors would require background levels below 1 count/ROI-tonne-year in the 4 keV region of interest (ROI) around the 2039 keV Q-value of the decay. In order to demonstrate the feasibility of such an experiment, the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR, a 40 kg HPGe detector array, is being constructed with a background goal of < 3 count/ROI-tonne-year, which is expected to scale down to < 1 count/ROI-tonne-year for a tonne-scale experiment. The signalmore » readout electronics, which must be placed in close proximity to the detectors, present a challenge toward reaching this background goal. This talk will discuss the materials and design used to construct signal readout electronics with low enough backgrounds for the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR.« less

  7. High spatial resolution detection of low-energy electrons using an event-counting method, application to point projection microscopy

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Salançon, Evelyne; Degiovanni, Alain; Lapena, Laurent; Morin, Roger

    2018-04-01

    An event-counting method using a two-microchannel plate stack in a low-energy electron point projection microscope is implemented. 15 μm detector spatial resolution, i.e., the distance between first-neighbor microchannels, is demonstrated. This leads to a 7 times better microscope resolution. Compared to previous work with neutrons [Tremsin et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 592, 374 (2008)], the large number of detection events achieved with electrons shows that the local response of the detector is mainly governed by the angle between the hexagonal structures of the two microchannel plates. Using this method in point projection microscopy offers the prospect of working with a greater source-object distance (350 nm instead of 50 nm), advancing toward atomic resolution.

  8. SPAD electronics for high-speed quantum communications

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bienfang, Joshua C.; Restelli, Alessandro; Migdall, Alan

    2011-01-01

    We discuss high-speed electronics that support the use of single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) in gigahertz singlephoton communications systems. For InGaAs/InP SPADs, recent work has demonstrated reduced afterpulsing and count rates approaching 500 MHz can be achieved with gigahertz periodic-gating techniques designed to minimize the total avalanche charge to less than 100 fC. We investigate afterpulsing in this regime and establish a connection to observations using more conventional techniques. For Si SPADs, we report the benefits of improved timing electronics that enhance the temporal resolution of Si SPADs used in a free-space quantum key distribution (QKD) system operating in the GHz regime. We establish that the effects of count-rate fluctuations induced by daytime turbulent scintillation are significantly reduced, benefitting the performance of the QKD system.

  9. Empirical study on voting power in participatory forest planning.

    PubMed

    Vainikainen, N; Kangas, A; Kangas, J

    2008-07-01

    Multicriteria decision support systems are applied in natural resource management in order to clarify the planning process for the stakeholders, to make all available information usable and all objectives manageable. Especially when the public is involved in planning, the decision support system should be easy to comprehend, transparent and fair. Social choice theory has recently been applied to group decision-making in natural resources management to accomplish these objectives. Although voting forms the basis of democracy, and is usually taken as a fair method, the influence of voters over the outcome may vary. It is also possible to vote strategically to improve the results from each stakeholder's point of view. This study examines the use of social choice theory in revealing stakeholders' preferences in participatory forest planning, and the influence of different voters on the outcome. The positional voting rules examined were approval voting and Borda count, but both rules were slightly modified for the purposes of this study. The third rule examined, cumulative rule, resembles utilitarian voting rules. The voting rules were tested in a real participatory forest planning situation in eastern Lapland, Finland. All voting rules resulted in a different joint order of importance of the criteria. Yet, the preference orders produced had also a lot in common and the criteria could be divided into three quite distinct groups according to their importance. The influence of individual voters varied between the voting rules, and in each case different voter was the most influential.

  10. Feasibility of automatic evaluation of clinical rules in general practice.

    PubMed

    Opondo, Dedan; Visscher, Stefan; Eslami, Saied; Medlock, Stephanie; Verheij, Robert; Korevaar, Joke C; Abu-Hanna, Ameen

    2017-04-01

    To assess the extent to which clinical rules (CRs) can be implemented for automatic evaluation of quality of care in general practice. We assessed 81 clinical rules (CRs) adapted from a subset of Assessing Care of Vulnerable Elders (ACOVE) clinical rules, against Dutch College of General Practitioners (NHG) data model. Each CR was analyzed using the Logical Elements Rule METHOD: (LERM). LERM is a stepwise method of assessing and formalizing clinical rules for decision support. Clinical rules that satisfied the criteria outlined in the LERM method were judged to be implementable in automatic evaluation in general practice. Thirty-three out of 81 (40.7%) Dutch-translated ACOVE clinical rules can be automatically evaluated in electronic medical record systems. Seven out of 7 CRs (100%) in the domain of diabetes can be automatically evaluated, 9/17 (52.9%) in medication use, 5/10 (50%) in depression care, 3/6 (50%) in nutrition care, 6/13 (46.1%) in dementia care, 1/6 (16.6%) in end of life care, 2/13 (15.3%) in continuity of care, and 0/9 (0%) in the fall-related care. Lack of documentation of care activities between primary and secondary health facilities and ambiguous formulation of clinical rules were the main reasons for the inability to automate the clinical rules. Approximately two-fifths of the primary care Dutch ACOVE-based clinical rules can be automatically evaluated. Clear definition of clinical rules, improved GP database design and electronic linkage of primary and secondary healthcare facilities can improve prospects of automatic assessment of quality of care. These findings are relevant especially because the Netherlands has very high automation of primary care. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  11. Sum rules for the uniform-background model of an atomic-sharp metal corner

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Streitenberger, P.

    1994-04-01

    Analytical results are derived for the electrostatic potential of an atomic-sharp 90° metal corner in the uniform-background model. The electrostatic potential at a free jellium edge and the jellium corner, respectively, is determined exactly in terms of the energy per electron of the uniform electron gas integrated over the background density. The surface energy, the edge formation energy and the derivative of the corner formation energy with respect to the background density are given as integrals over the electrostatic potential. The present approach represents a novel approach to such sum rules, inclusive of the Budd-Vannimenus sum rules for a free jellium surface, based on general properties of linear response functions.

  12. 42 CFR 422.103 - Benefits under an MA MSA plan.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 3 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Benefits under an MA MSA plan. 422.103 Section 422... § 422.103 Benefits under an MA MSA plan. (a) General rule. An MA organization offering an MA MSA plan... deductible. (b) Countable expenses. An MA organization offering an MA MSA plan must count toward the annual...

  13. 42 CFR 422.103 - Benefits under an MA MSA plan.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 3 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Benefits under an MA MSA plan. 422.103 Section 422... § 422.103 Benefits under an MA MSA plan. (a) General rule. An MA organization offering an MA MSA plan... deductible. (b) Countable expenses. An MA organization offering an MA MSA plan must count toward the annual...

  14. 42 CFR 422.103 - Benefits under an MA MSA plan.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 3 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Benefits under an MA MSA plan. 422.103 Section 422... § 422.103 Benefits under an MA MSA plan. (a) General rule. An MA organization offering an MA MSA plan... deductible. (b) Countable expenses. An MA organization offering an MA MSA plan must count toward the annual...

  15. Research Reporting Sections, Annual Meeting of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (59th, St. Louis, Missouri, April 22-25, 1981).

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Higgins, Jon L., Ed.

    Presented are abstracts of 18 research reports. Topics covered include: (1) The effect of a numeration learning hierarchy on mathematics attitudes in kindergarten children; (2) Children's acquisition and production of mathematical rules; (3) Preschoolers' abilities to recognize counting errors; (4) Young children's solution processes for verbal…

  16. 29 CFR 2530.200b-7 - Day of service for employees in the maritime industry.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 9 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Day of service for employees in the maritime industry. 2530.200b-7 Section 2530.200b-7 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) EMPLOYEE BENEFITS SECURITY... industry. (a) General rule. A day of service in the maritime industry which must, as a minimum, be counted...

  17. 29 CFR 2530.200b-7 - Day of service for employees in the maritime industry.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 9 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Day of service for employees in the maritime industry. 2530.200b-7 Section 2530.200b-7 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) EMPLOYEE BENEFITS SECURITY... industry. (a) General rule. A day of service in the maritime industry which must, as a minimum, be counted...

  18. 29 CFR 2530.200b-7 - Day of service for employees in the maritime industry.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 9 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Day of service for employees in the maritime industry. 2530.200b-7 Section 2530.200b-7 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) EMPLOYEE BENEFITS SECURITY... industry. (a) General rule. A day of service in the maritime industry which must, as a minimum, be counted...

  19. 29 CFR 2530.200b-7 - Day of service for employees in the maritime industry.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 9 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Day of service for employees in the maritime industry. 2530.200b-7 Section 2530.200b-7 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) EMPLOYEE BENEFITS SECURITY... industry. (a) General rule. A day of service in the maritime industry which must, as a minimum, be counted...

  20. Preserving Precious Instruments in Mathematics History: The Educational Museum of Teachers College and David Eugene Smith's Collection

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Murray, Diane R.

    2011-01-01

    A history is given of the Educational Museum of Teachers College, which began in 1886, and David Eugene Smith's extensive collection of mathematical tools used in the Museum's exhibits is discussed. Historic mathematical instruments including, the astrolabe, abacus and counting rods, and the slide rule are examined. The author uses digitized…

  1. 75 FR 38576 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Notice of Filing of Proposed Rule Change by NYSE Arca, Inc. To...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-07-02

    ... were to be made available on the proxy card) must immediately tender his or her resignation from the.... Under the proposed amendment to the Bylaws, the proxy card would change for an uncontested election, and... director's election (with ``abstentions'' not counted as a vote cast either ``for'' or ``against'' such...

  2. 75 FR 16537 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; New York Stock Exchange LLC; Notice of Filing of Proposed Rule...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-04-01

    ... Permanent a Unit-of- Count Metric Alternative for NYSE OpenBook March 25, 2010. Pursuant to Section 19(b)(1... its NYSE OpenBook product packages. Under the Pilot Program, the Exchange no longer defines the Vendor.... The Exchange recognizes that each Vendor and Subscriber will use NYSE OpenBook data differently and...

  3. 75 FR 42575 - Electronic Signature and Storage of Form I-9, Employment Eligibility Verification

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-07-22

    ... Electronic Signature and Storage of Form I-9, Employment Eligibility Verification AGENCY: U.S. Immigration... published an interim final rule to permit electronic signature and storage of the Form I-9. 71 FR 34510..., or a combination of paper and electronic systems; Employers may change electronic storage systems as...

  4. Medicare and state health care programs: fraud and abuse; electronic health records safe harbor under the anti-kickback statute. Final rule.

    PubMed

    2013-12-27

    In this final rule, the Office of Inspector General (OIG) amends the safe harbor regulation concerning electronic health records items and services, which defines certain conduct that is protected from liability under the Federal anti-kickback statute, section 1128B(b) of the Social Security Act (the Act). Amendments include updating the provision under which electronic health records software is deemed interoperable; removing the electronic prescribing capability requirement; extending the sunset provision until December 31, 2021; limiting the scope of protected donors to exclude laboratory companies; and clarifying the condition that prohibits a donor from taking any action to limit or restrict the use, compatibility, or interoperability of the donated items or services.

  5. An alternative mechanism for spin-forbidden photo-ionization of diatomic molecules and its rotation-electronic selection rules

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chiu, Ying-Nan; Chiu, Lue-Yung Chow

    1990-02-01

    The spin-forbidden photo-ionization of diatomic molecules is proposed. Spin orbit interaction is invoked, resulting in the correction and mixing of the wave functions of different multiplicities. The rotation-electronic selection rules given by Dixit and McKoy (1986) for Hund's case a based on the conventional mechanism of electric dipole transition are rederived and expressed in a different format. This new format permits the generalization of the selection rules to other photoionization transitions caused by the magnetic dipole, the electric quadrupole, and the two- and three-photon operators. These selection rules, which are for transitions from one specific rotational level of a given Kronig reflection symmetry to another, will help understand rotational branching and the dynamics of interaction in the excited state. They will also help in the selective preparation of well-defined rovibronic states in resonant-enhanced multi-photon ionization processes.

  6. The ADE scorecards: a tool for adverse drug event detection in electronic health records.

    PubMed

    Chazard, Emmanuel; Băceanu, Adrian; Ferret, Laurie; Ficheur, Grégoire

    2011-01-01

    Although several methods exist for Adverse Drug events (ADE) detection due to past hospitalizations, a tool that could display those ADEs to the physicians does not exist yet. This article presents the ADE Scorecards, a Web tool that enables to screen past hospitalizations extracted from Electronic Health Records (EHR), using a set of ADE detection rules, presently rules discovered by data mining. The tool enables the physicians to (1) get contextualized statistics about the ADEs that happen in their medical department, (2) see the rules that are useful in their department, i.e. the rules that could have enabled to prevent those ADEs and (3) review in detail the ADE cases, through a comprehensive interface displaying the diagnoses, procedures, lab results, administered drugs and anonymized records. The article shows a demonstration of the tool through a use case.

  7. Evaluating the Rule of 10s in Cleft Lip Repair: Do Data Support Dogma?

    PubMed

    Chow, Ian; Purnell, Chad A; Hanwright, Philip J; Gosain, Arun K

    2016-09-01

    Cleft lip represents one of the most common birth defects in the world. Although the timing of cleft lip repair is contingent on a number of factors, the "rule of 10s" remains a frequently quoted safety benchmark. Initially reported by Wilhelmsen and Musgrave in 1966 and modified by Millard in 1976, this rule referred to performing surgery once patients had reached cutoffs in weight, hemoglobin, and age/leukocyte count. Despite significant advances in both surgical and anesthetic technique, the oft-quoted "rule of 10s" has not been systematically investigated since its inception. Patients who underwent primary cleft lip repair were identified from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Pediatric database. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to determine the independent effect of each rule of 10 metric or violation of the rule of 10s as a whole on postoperative complications, and to determine independent risk factors for complications in cleft lip surgery. One thousand three hundred thirteen patients met inclusion criteria, with a 3.6 percent complication rate. Of the included patients, 151 (11.5 percent) violated at least one facet of the rule of 10s. Other than patient weight, neither the rule of 10s nor any individual metric was significantly predictive of postoperative complications. Since its introduction nearly a half century ago, the risks associated with performing surgery in patients who violate the rule of 10s has undergone dramatic reductions. This analysis highlights the need to continually validate and evaluate dogma as the field continues to advance. Risk, III.

  8. Clinical Prediction and Diagnosis of Neurosyphilis in HIV-Infected Patients with Early Syphilis

    PubMed Central

    Langevin, Stéphanie; Gagnon, Simon; Serhir, Bouchra; Deligne, Benoît; Tremblay, Cécile; Tsang, Raymond S. W.; Fortin, Claude; Coutlée, François; Roger, Michel

    2013-01-01

    The diagnosis of neurosyphilis (NS) is a challenge, especially in HIV-infected patients, and the criteria for deciding when to perform a lumbar puncture (LP) in HIV-infected patients with syphilis are controversial. We retrospectively reviewed demographic, clinical, and laboratory data from 122 cases of HIV-infected patients with documented early syphilis who underwent an LP to rule out NS, and we evaluated 3 laboratory-developed validated real-time PCR assays, the Treponema pallidum particle agglutination (TPPA) assay, the fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA-ABS) assay, and the line immunoassay INNO-LIA Syphilis, for the diagnosis of NS from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples of these patients. NS was defined by a reactive CSF-VDRL test result and/or a CSF white blood cell (WBC) count of >20 cells/μl. Thirty of the 122 patients (24.6%) had early NS. Headache, visual symptoms, a CD4 cell count of <500 cells/μl, and viremia, as defined by an HIV-1 RNA count of ≥50 copies/ml, were associated with NS in multivariate analysis (P = <0.001 for each factor). Blood serum rapid plasma reagin (RPR) titers were not associated with early NS (P = 0.575). For the diagnosis of NS, the PCR, FTA-ABS, TPPA, and INNO-LIA assays had sensitivities of 58%, 100%, 68%, and 100%, specificities of 67%, 12%, 49%, and 13%, and negative predictive values of 85%, 100%, 84%, and 100%, respectively. Visual disturbances, headache, uncontrolled HIV-1 viremia, and a CD4 cell count of <500 cells/μl were predictors of NS in HIV-infected patients with early syphilis, while blood serum RPR titers were not; therefore, RPR titers should not be used as the sole criterion for deciding whether to perform an LP in early syphilis. When applied to CSF samples, the INNO-LIA Syphilis assay easily helped rule out NS. PMID:24088852

  9. Clinical prediction and diagnosis of neurosyphilis in HIV-infected patients with early Syphilis.

    PubMed

    Dumaresq, Jeannot; Langevin, Stéphanie; Gagnon, Simon; Serhir, Bouchra; Deligne, Benoît; Tremblay, Cécile; Tsang, Raymond S W; Fortin, Claude; Coutlée, François; Roger, Michel

    2013-12-01

    The diagnosis of neurosyphilis (NS) is a challenge, especially in HIV-infected patients, and the criteria for deciding when to perform a lumbar puncture (LP) in HIV-infected patients with syphilis are controversial. We retrospectively reviewed demographic, clinical, and laboratory data from 122 cases of HIV-infected patients with documented early syphilis who underwent an LP to rule out NS, and we evaluated 3 laboratory-developed validated real-time PCR assays, the Treponema pallidum particle agglutination (TPPA) assay, the fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA-ABS) assay, and the line immunoassay INNO-LIA Syphilis, for the diagnosis of NS from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples of these patients. NS was defined by a reactive CSF-VDRL test result and/or a CSF white blood cell (WBC) count of >20 cells/μl. Thirty of the 122 patients (24.6%) had early NS. Headache, visual symptoms, a CD4 cell count of <500 cells/μl, and viremia, as defined by an HIV-1 RNA count of ≥50 copies/ml, were associated with NS in multivariate analysis (P = <0.001 for each factor). Blood serum rapid plasma reagin (RPR) titers were not associated with early NS (P = 0.575). For the diagnosis of NS, the PCR, FTA-ABS, TPPA, and INNO-LIA assays had sensitivities of 58%, 100%, 68%, and 100%, specificities of 67%, 12%, 49%, and 13%, and negative predictive values of 85%, 100%, 84%, and 100%, respectively. Visual disturbances, headache, uncontrolled HIV-1 viremia, and a CD4 cell count of <500 cells/μl were predictors of NS in HIV-infected patients with early syphilis, while blood serum RPR titers were not; therefore, RPR titers should not be used as the sole criterion for deciding whether to perform an LP in early syphilis. When applied to CSF samples, the INNO-LIA Syphilis assay easily helped rule out NS.

  10. Study on the E-commerce platform based on the agent

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Fu, Ruixue; Qin, Lishuan; Gao, Yinmin

    2011-10-01

    To solve problem of dynamic integration in e-commerce, the Multi-Agent architecture of electronic commerce platform system based on Agent and Ontology has been introduced, which includes three major types of agent, Ontology and rule collection. In this architecture, service agent and rule are used to realize the business process reengineering, the reuse of software component, and agility of the electronic commerce platform. To illustrate the architecture, a simulation work has been done and the results imply that the architecture provides a very efficient method to design and implement the flexible, distributed, open and intelligent electronic commerce platform system to solve problem of dynamic integration in ecommerce. The objective of this paper is to illustrate the architecture of electronic commerce platform system, and the approach how Agent and Ontology support the electronic commerce platform system.

  11. 75 FR 16222 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness of Proposed Rule...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-03-31

    ... liability for system outages. The text of the proposed rule change is attached as Exhibit 5 to the 19b-4...: Electronic Comments Use the Commission's Internet comment form ( http://www.sec.gov/rules/sro.shtml ); or... method. The Commission will post all comments on the Commission's Internet Web site ( http://www.sec.gov...

  12. 76 FR 52572 - Rules Governing Hearings Before the Agency of Original Jurisdiction and the Board of Veterans...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-08-23

    ...-1 Adjudication Procedures Manual, Sec. 18.17g (1991) (``A formal hearing on appeal at a regional... rule pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 553(b)(A), which excepts procedural rules from the APA's notice-and-comment... Office of the Federal Register for publication electronically as an official document of the Department...

  13. 17 CFR 249.819 - Form 19b-4, for electronic filing with respect to proposed rule changes by all self-regulatory...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... filing with respect to proposed rule changes by all self-regulatory organizations. 249.819 Section 249..., SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 Forms for Self-Regulatory Organization Rule Changes and Forms for... organizations. This form shall be used by all self-regulatory organizations, as defined in section 3(a)(26) of...

  14. 17 CFR 249.819 - Form 19b-4, for electronic filing with respect to proposed rule changes by all self-regulatory...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... filing with respect to proposed rule changes by all self-regulatory organizations. 249.819 Section 249..., SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 Forms for Self-Regulatory Organization Rule Changes and Forms for... organizations. This form shall be used by all self-regulatory organizations, as defined in section 3(a)(26) of...

  15. 17 CFR 249.819 - Form 19b-4, for electronic filing with respect to proposed rule changes by all self-regulatory...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... filing with respect to proposed rule changes by all self-regulatory organizations. 249.819 Section 249..., SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 Forms for Self-Regulatory Organization Rule Changes and Forms for... organizations. This form shall be used by all self-regulatory organizations, as defined in section 3(a)(26) of...

  16. The Impact of Acceptance of Electronic Evidence before and after the 2006 Federal Rules of Evidence on Criminal Cases

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Borrego, Jesus

    2010-01-01

    Legal scholars have established that the U.S. Department of Justice's 2004 Federal Rules of Evidence (FRE) has created confusion in legal rulings on criminal cases involving digital evidence, resulting in conflicting verdicts. With the 2006 FRE update, the Department of Justice attempted to correct the problem. The conceptual framework for this…

  17. 77 FR 39558 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; ICE Clear Credit LLC; Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-07-03

    ... Rules. Section 17A(b)(3)(F) of the Act \\5\\ requires, among other things, that the rules of a clearing... following methods: Electronic Comments Use the Commission's Internet comment form ( http://www.sec.gov/rules... use only one method. The Commission will post all comments on the Commission's Internet Web site...

  18. Liver stiffness and platelet count for identifying patients with compensated liver disease at low risk of variceal bleeding.

    PubMed

    Marot, Astrid; Trépo, Eric; Doerig, Christopher; Schoepfer, Alain; Moreno, Christophe; Deltenre, Pierre

    2017-05-01

    The 2015 Baveno VI guidelines recommend against performing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in patients with compensated cirrhosis who have a liver stiffness <20 kPa and a platelet count >150 000/mm³ because of a low prevalence of varices at risk of bleeding in this population. The aim was to synthesize the available evidence on the usefulness of the combined use of liver stiffness and platelet count to identify patients without oesophageal varices. Meta-analysis of trials evaluating the usefulness of a given cut-off for liver stiffness and platelet count to rule out the presence of oesophageal varices. Fifteen studies were included. All studies excepting five used the Baveno VI criteria. Compared to patients with either high liver stiffness or low platelet count, those with low liver stiffness and normal platelet count had a lower risk of varices at risk of bleeding (OR=0.22, 95% CI=0.13-0.39, P<.001) with low heterogeneity between studies (I 2 =21%). They also had a lower risk of varices (OR=0.23, 95% CI=0.17-0.32, P<.001) with moderate heterogeneity between studies (I 2 =28%). In patients with low liver stiffness and normal platelet count, the pooled estimate rates for varices at risk of bleeding was 0.040 (95% CI=0.027-0.059) with low heterogeneity between studies (I 2 =3%). Patients with low liver stiffness and normal platelet count have a lower risk of varices than those with either high liver stiffness or low platelet count. Varices at risk of bleeding are found in no more than 4% of patients when liver stiffness is <20 kPa and platelet count is normal. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  19. Honoring Dental Patients' Privacy Rule Right of Access in the Context of Electronic Health Records.

    PubMed

    Ramoni, Rachel B; Asher, Sheetal R; White, Joel M; Vaderhobli, Ram; Ogunbodede, Eyitope O; Walji, Muhammad F; Riedy, Christine; Kalenderian, Elsbeth

    2016-06-01

    A person's right to access his or her protected health information is a core feature of the U.S. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) Privacy Rule. If the information is stored electronically, covered entities must be able to provide patients with some type of machine-readable, electronic copy of their data. The aim of this study was to understand how academic dental institutions execute the Privacy Rule's right of access in the context of electronic health records (EHRs). A validated electronic survey was distributed to the clinical deans of 62 U.S. dental schools during a two-month period in 2014. The response rate to the survey was 53.2% (N=33). However, three surveys were partially completed, and of the 30 completed surveys, the 24 respondents who reported using axiUm as the EHR at their dental school clinic were the ones on which the results were based (38.7% of total schools at the time). Of the responses analyzed, 86% agreed that clinical modules should be considered part of a patient's dental record, and all agreed that student teaching-related modules should not. Great variability existed among these clinical deans as to whether administrative and financial modules should be considered part of a patient record. When patients request their records, close to 50% of responding schools provide the information exclusively on paper. This study found variation among dental schools in their implementation of the Privacy Rule right of access, and although all the respondents had adopted EHRs, a large number return records in paper format.

  20. STEM VQ Method, Using Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) for Accurate Virus Quantification

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2017-02-02

    Corresponding Author Abstract Accurate virus quantification is sought, but a perfect method still eludes the scientific community. Electron...unlimited. UNCLASSIFIED 2 provides morphology data and counts all viral particles, including partial or noninfectious particles; however, EM methods ...consistent, reproducible virus quantification method called Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy – Virus Quantification (STEM-VQ) which simplifies

  1. 77 FR 72993 - Atlantic Highly Migratory Species; Electronic Dealer Reporting Requirements; Correction

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-12-07

    .... 110208116-2233-02] RIN 0648-BA75 Atlantic Highly Migratory Species; Electronic Dealer Reporting Requirements... rule not yet in effect. It contains a correction to the final regulations regarding electronic dealer... things, require electronic dealer reporting for all federal Atlantic HMS dealers. On August 8, 2012 (77...

  2. 77 FR 5470 - Periodicals-Recognition of Distribution of Periodicals via Electronic Copies

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-02-03

    ... Electronic Copies AGENCY: Postal Service TM . ACTION: Proposed rule. SUMMARY: The Postal Service proposes to....6, to allow publishers who use electronic distribution methods to report such circulation as paid or... publications through various electronic media channels. According to the standards that govern the Periodicals...

  3. 77 FR 27125 - Periodicals-Recognition of Distribution of Periodicals via Electronic Copies

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-05-09

    ... Electronic Copies AGENCY: Postal Service\\TM\\. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: The Postal Service will revise the... limited reporting of electronic copies of Periodicals publications to satisfy the circulation standards...--Recognition of Distribution of Periodicals via Electronic Copies (77 FR 5470-5471) revising DMM 707.6 by...

  4. Math for Electronics; Industrial Electronics 1: 9323.04.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Dade County Public Schools, Miami, FL.

    This curriculum guide is designed for the student interested in preparing for vocational electronics and related fields of electricity, emphasizing the mathematics necessary for an indepth study of electronics. Included in the course content are goals, specific block objectives, basic algebra, powers of 10, the slide rule, basic trigonometry…

  5. Automated vehicle counting using image processing and machine learning

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Meany, Sean; Eskew, Edward; Martinez-Castro, Rosana; Jang, Shinae

    2017-04-01

    Vehicle counting is used by the government to improve roadways and the flow of traffic, and by private businesses for purposes such as determining the value of locating a new store in an area. A vehicle count can be performed manually or automatically. Manual counting requires an individual to be on-site and tally the traffic electronically or by hand. However, this can lead to miscounts due to factors such as human error A common form of automatic counting involves pneumatic tubes, but pneumatic tubes disrupt traffic during installation and removal, and can be damaged by passing vehicles. Vehicle counting can also be performed via the use of a camera at the count site recording video of the traffic, with counting being performed manually post-recording or using automatic algorithms. This paper presents a low-cost procedure to perform automatic vehicle counting using remote video cameras with an automatic counting algorithm. The procedure would utilize a Raspberry Pi micro-computer to detect when a car is in a lane, and generate an accurate count of vehicle movements. The method utilized in this paper would use background subtraction to process the images and a machine learning algorithm to provide the count. This method avoids fatigue issues that are encountered in manual video counting and prevents the disruption of roadways that occurs when installing pneumatic tubes

  6. Quantitative secondary electron detection

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Agrawal, Jyoti; Joy, David C.; Nayak, Subuhadarshi

    Quantitative Secondary Electron Detection (QSED) using the array of solid state devices (SSD) based electron-counters enable critical dimension metrology measurements in materials such as semiconductors, nanomaterials, and biological samples (FIG. 3). Methods and devices effect a quantitative detection of secondary electrons with the array of solid state detectors comprising a number of solid state detectors. An array senses the number of secondary electrons with a plurality of solid state detectors, counting the number of secondary electrons with a time to digital converter circuit in counter mode.

  7. The effect of deadtime and electronic transients on the predelay bias in neutron coincidence counting

    DOE PAGES

    Croft, Stephen; Favalli, Andrea; Swinhoe, Martyn T.; ...

    2016-01-13

    In neutron coincidence counting using the shift register autocorrelation technique, a predelay is inserted before the opening of the (R+A)-gate. Operationally the purpose of the predelay is to ensure that the (R+A)- and A-gates have matched effectiveness, otherwise a bias will result when the difference between the gates is used to calculate the accidentals corrected net reals coincidence rate. The necessity for the predelay was established experimentally in the early practical development and deployment of the coincidence counting method. The choice of predelay for a given detection system is usually made experimentally, but even today long standing traditional values (e.g.,more » 4.5 µs) are often used. This, at least in part, reflects the fact that a deep understanding of why a finite predelay setting is needed and how to control the underlying influences has not been fully worked out. We attempt, in this paper, to gain some insight into the problem. One aspect we consider is the slowing down, thermalization, and diffusion of neutrons in the detector moderator. The other is the influence of deadtime and electronic transients. These may be classified as non-ideal detector behaviors because they are not included in the conventional model used to interpret measurement data. From improved understanding of the effect of deadtime and electronic transients on the predelay bias in neutron coincidence counting, the performance of both future and current coincidence counters may be improved.« less

  8. The effect of deadtime and electronic transients on the predelay bias in neutron coincidence counting

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Croft, Stephen; Favalli, Andrea; Swinhoe, Martyn T.; Goddard, Braden; Stewart, Scott

    2016-04-01

    In neutron coincidence counting using the shift register autocorrelation technique, a predelay is inserted before the opening of the (R+A)-gate. Operationally the purpose of the predelay is to ensure that the (R+A)- and A-gates have matched effectiveness, otherwise a bias will result when the difference between the gates is used to calculate the accidentals corrected net reals coincidence rate. The necessity for the predelay was established experimentally in the early practical development and deployment of the coincidence counting method. The choice of predelay for a given detection system is usually made experimentally, but even today long standing traditional values (e.g., 4.5 μs) are often used. This, at least in part, reflects the fact that a deep understanding of why a finite predelay setting is needed and how to control the underlying influences has not been fully worked out. In this paper we attempt to gain some insight into the problem. One aspect we consider is the slowing down, thermalization, and diffusion of neutrons in the detector moderator. The other is the influence of deadtime and electronic transients. These may be classified as non-ideal detector behaviors because they are not included in the conventional model used to interpret measurement data. From improved understanding of the effect of deadtime and electronic transients on the predelay bias in neutron coincidence counting, the performance of both future and current coincidence counters may be improved.

  9. Method and system for analyzing and classifying electronic information

    DOEpatents

    McGaffey, Robert W.; Bell, Michael Allen; Kortman, Peter J.; Wilson, Charles H.

    2003-04-29

    A data analysis and classification system that reads the electronic information, analyzes the electronic information according to a user-defined set of logical rules, and returns a classification result. The data analysis and classification system may accept any form of computer-readable electronic information. The system creates a hash table wherein each entry of the hash table contains a concept corresponding to a word or phrase which the system has previously encountered. The system creates an object model based on the user-defined logical associations, used for reviewing each concept contained in the electronic information in order to determine whether the electronic information is classified. The data analysis and classification system extracts each concept in turn from the electronic information, locates it in the hash table, and propagates it through the object model. In the event that the system can not find the electronic information token in the hash table, that token is added to a missing terms list. If any rule is satisfied during propagation of the concept through the object model, the electronic information is classified.

  10. Personnel electronic neutron dosimeter

    DOEpatents

    Falk, R.B.; Tyree, W.H.

    1982-03-03

    A personnel electronic dosimeter includes a neutron-proton and neutron-alpha converter for providing an electrical signal having a magnitude proportional to the energy of a detected proton or alpha particle produced from the converter, a pulse generator circuit for generating a pulse having a duration controlled by the weighed effect of the amplitude of the electrical signal, an oscillator enabled by the pulse for generating a train of clock pulses for a time dependent upon the pulse length, a counter for counting the clock pulses, and an indicator for providing a direct reading and aural alarm when the count indicates that the wearer has been exposed to a selected level of neutron dose equivalent.

  11. A low-noise current-sensitive amplifier-discriminator system for beta particle counting.

    PubMed

    Sephton, J P; Johansson, L C; Williams, J M

    2008-01-01

    NPL has developed a low-noise current amplifier/discriminator system for radionuclides that emit low-energy electrons and X-rays. The new beta amplifier is based on the low-noise Amptek A-250 operational amplifier. The design has been configured for optimum signal to noise ratio. The new amplifier is described and results obtained using primarily electron-capture decaying radionuclides are presented. The new amplifier gives rise to higher particle detection efficiency than the previously used Atomic Energy of Canada Limited-designed amplifier. This is shown by measurements of (54)Mn and (65)Zn. The counting plateaux are significantly longer and have reduced gradients.

  12. Personnel electronic neutron dosimeter

    DOEpatents

    Falk, Roger B.; Tyree, William H.

    1984-12-18

    A personnel electronic dosimeter includes a neutron-proton and neutron-alpha converter for providing an electrical signal having a magnitude proportional to the energy of a detected proton or alpha particle produced from the converter, a pulse generator circuit for generating a pulse having a duration controlled by the weighed effect of the amplitude of the electrical signal, an oscillator enabled by the pulse for generating a train of clock pulses for a time dependent upon the pulse length, a counter for counting the clock pulses, and an indicator for providing a direct reading and aural alarm when the count indicates that the wearer has been exposed to a selected level of neutron dose equivalent.

  13. 45 CFR 164.306 - Security standards: General rules.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... RELATED REQUIREMENTS SECURITY AND PRIVACY Security Standards for the Protection of Electronic Protected Health Information § 164.306 Security standards: General rules. (a) General requirements. Covered... covered entity to reasonably and appropriately implement the standards and implementation specifications...

  14. 45 CFR 164.306 - Security standards: General rules.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... RELATED REQUIREMENTS SECURITY AND PRIVACY Security Standards for the Protection of Electronic Protected Health Information § 164.306 Security standards: General rules. (a) General requirements. Covered... and appropriately implement the standards and implementation specifications as specified in this...

  15. 17 CFR 260.0-2 - Definitions of terms used in the rules and regulations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ...) Electronic filing. The term electronic filing means a document under the federal securities laws that is... “control” means the power to direct the management and policies of a person, directly or through one or...) Electronic filer. The term electronic filer means a person or an entity that submits filings electronically...

  16. 17 CFR 260.0-2 - Definitions of terms used in the rules and regulations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ...) Electronic filing. The term electronic filing means a document under the federal securities laws that is... “control” means the power to direct the management and policies of a person, directly or through one or...) Electronic filer. The term electronic filer means a person or an entity that submits filings electronically...

  17. 17 CFR 260.0-2 - Definitions of terms used in the rules and regulations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ...) Electronic filing. The term electronic filing means a document under the federal securities laws that is... “control” means the power to direct the management and policies of a person, directly or through one or...) Electronic filer. The term electronic filer means a person or an entity that submits filings electronically...

  18. 17 CFR 260.0-2 - Definitions of terms used in the rules and regulations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ...) Electronic filing. The term electronic filing means a document under the federal securities laws that is... “control” means the power to direct the management and policies of a person, directly or through one or...) Electronic filer. The term electronic filer means a person or an entity that submits filings electronically...

  19. 17 CFR 260.0-2 - Definitions of terms used in the rules and regulations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ...) Electronic filing. The term electronic filing means a document under the federal securities laws that is... “control” means the power to direct the management and policies of a person, directly or through one or...) Electronic filer. The term electronic filer means a person or an entity that submits filings electronically...

  20. Analysis and hit filtering of a very large library of compounds screened against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

    PubMed

    Ekins, Sean; Kaneko, Takushi; Lipinski, Christopher A; Bradford, Justin; Dole, Krishna; Spektor, Anna; Gregory, Kellan; Blondeau, David; Ernst, Sylvia; Yang, Jeremy; Goncharoff, Nicko; Hohman, Moses M; Bunin, Barry A

    2010-11-01

    There is an urgent need for new drugs against tuberculosis which annually claims 1.7-1.8 million lives. One approach to identify potential leads is to screen in vitro small molecules against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Until recently there was no central repository to collect information on compounds screened. Consequently, it has been difficult to analyze molecular properties of compounds that inhibit the growth of Mtb in vitro. We have collected data from publically available sources on over 300 000 small molecules deposited in the Collaborative Drug Discovery TB Database. A cheminformatics analysis on these compounds indicates that inhibitors of the growth of Mtb have statistically higher mean logP, rule of 5 alerts, while also having lower HBD count, atom count and lower PSA (ChemAxon descriptors), compared to compounds that are classed as inactive. Additionally, Bayesian models for selecting Mtb active compounds were evaluated with over 100 000 compounds and, they demonstrated 10 fold enrichment over random for the top ranked 600 compounds. This represents a promising approach for finding compounds active against Mtb in whole cells screened under the same in vitro conditions. Various sets of Mtb hit molecules were also examined by various filtering rules used widely in the pharmaceutical industry to identify compounds with potentially reactive moieties. We found differences between the number of compounds flagged by these rules in Mtb datasets, malaria hits, FDA approved drugs and antibiotics. Combining these approaches may enable selection of compounds with increased probability of inhibition of whole cell Mtb activity.

  1. Novel flowcytometry-based approach of malignant cell detection in body fluids using an automated hematology analyzer

    PubMed Central

    Tabe, Yoko; Takemura, Hiroyuki; Kimura, Konobu; Takahashi, Toshihiro; Yang, Haeun; Tsuchiya, Koji; Konishi, Aya; Uchihashi, Kinya; Horii, Takashi; Ohsaka, Akimichi

    2018-01-01

    Morphological microscopic examinations of nucleated cells in body fluid (BF) samples are performed to screen malignancy. However, the morphological differentiation is time-consuming and labor-intensive. This study aimed to develop a new flowcytometry-based gating analysis mode “XN-BF gating algorithm” to detect malignant cells using an automated hematology analyzer, Sysmex XN-1000. XN-BF mode was equipped with WDF white blood cell (WBC) differential channel. We added two algorithms to the WDF channel: Rule 1 detects larger and clumped cell signals compared to the leukocytes, targeting the clustered malignant cells; Rule 2 detects middle sized mononuclear cells containing less granules than neutrophils with similar fluorescence signal to monocytes, targeting hematological malignant cells and solid tumor cells. BF samples that meet, at least, one rule were detected as malignant. To evaluate this novel gating algorithm, 92 various BF samples were collected. Manual microscopic differentiation with the May-Grunwald Giemsa stain and WBC count with hemocytometer were also performed. The performance of these three methods were evaluated by comparing with the cytological diagnosis. The XN-BF gating algorithm achieved sensitivity of 63.0% and specificity of 87.8% with 68.0% for positive predictive value and 85.1% for negative predictive value in detecting malignant-cell positive samples. Manual microscopic WBC differentiation and WBC count demonstrated 70.4% and 66.7% of sensitivities, and 96.9% and 92.3% of specificities, respectively. The XN-BF gating algorithm can be a feasible tool in hematology laboratories for prompt screening of malignant cells in various BF samples. PMID:29425230

  2. Novel flowcytometry-based approach of malignant cell detection in body fluids using an automated hematology analyzer.

    PubMed

    Ai, Tomohiko; Tabe, Yoko; Takemura, Hiroyuki; Kimura, Konobu; Takahashi, Toshihiro; Yang, Haeun; Tsuchiya, Koji; Konishi, Aya; Uchihashi, Kinya; Horii, Takashi; Ohsaka, Akimichi

    2018-01-01

    Morphological microscopic examinations of nucleated cells in body fluid (BF) samples are performed to screen malignancy. However, the morphological differentiation is time-consuming and labor-intensive. This study aimed to develop a new flowcytometry-based gating analysis mode "XN-BF gating algorithm" to detect malignant cells using an automated hematology analyzer, Sysmex XN-1000. XN-BF mode was equipped with WDF white blood cell (WBC) differential channel. We added two algorithms to the WDF channel: Rule 1 detects larger and clumped cell signals compared to the leukocytes, targeting the clustered malignant cells; Rule 2 detects middle sized mononuclear cells containing less granules than neutrophils with similar fluorescence signal to monocytes, targeting hematological malignant cells and solid tumor cells. BF samples that meet, at least, one rule were detected as malignant. To evaluate this novel gating algorithm, 92 various BF samples were collected. Manual microscopic differentiation with the May-Grunwald Giemsa stain and WBC count with hemocytometer were also performed. The performance of these three methods were evaluated by comparing with the cytological diagnosis. The XN-BF gating algorithm achieved sensitivity of 63.0% and specificity of 87.8% with 68.0% for positive predictive value and 85.1% for negative predictive value in detecting malignant-cell positive samples. Manual microscopic WBC differentiation and WBC count demonstrated 70.4% and 66.7% of sensitivities, and 96.9% and 92.3% of specificities, respectively. The XN-BF gating algorithm can be a feasible tool in hematology laboratories for prompt screening of malignant cells in various BF samples.

  3. Investigation of ultra low-dose scans in the context of quantum-counting clinical CT

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Weidinger, T.; Buzug, T. M.; Flohr, T.; Fung, G. S. K.; Kappler, S.; Stierstorfer, K.; Tsui, B. M. W.

    2012-03-01

    In clinical computed tomography (CT), images from patient examinations taken with conventional scanners exhibit noise characteristics governed by electronics noise, when scanning strongly attenuating obese patients or with an ultra-low X-ray dose. Unlike CT systems based on energy integrating detectors, a system with a quantum counting detector does not suffer from this drawback. Instead, the noise from the electronics mainly affects the spectral resolution of these detectors. Therefore, it does not contribute to the image noise in spectrally non-resolved CT images. This promises improved image quality due to image noise reduction in scans obtained from clinical CT examinations with lowest X-ray tube currents or obese patients. To quantify the benefits of quantum counting detectors in clinical CT we have carried out an extensive simulation study of the complete scanning and reconstruction process for both kinds of detectors. The simulation chain encompasses modeling of the X-ray source, beam attenuation in the patient, and calculation of the detector response. Moreover, in each case the subsequent image preprocessing and reconstruction is modeled as well. The simulation-based, theoretical evaluation is validated by experiments with a novel prototype quantum counting system and a Siemens Definition Flash scanner with a conventional energy integrating CT detector. We demonstrate and quantify the improvement from image noise reduction achievable with quantum counting techniques in CT examinations with ultra-low X-ray dose and strong attenuation.

  4. Single-photon counting multicolor multiphoton fluorescence microscope.

    PubMed

    Buehler, Christof; Kim, Ki H; Greuter, Urs; Schlumpf, Nick; So, Peter T C

    2005-01-01

    We present a multicolor multiphoton fluorescence microscope with single-photon counting sensitivity. The system integrates a standard multiphoton fluorescence microscope, an optical grating spectrograph operating in the UV-Vis wavelength region, and a 16-anode photomultiplier tube (PMT). The major technical innovation is in the development of a multichannel photon counting card (mC-PhCC) for direct signal collection from multi-anode PMTs. The electronic design of the mC-PhCC employs a high-throughput, fully-parallel, single-photon counting scheme along with a high-speed electrical or fiber-optical link interface to the data acquisition computer. There is no electronic crosstalk among the detection channels of the mC-PhCC. The collected signal remains linear up to an incident photon rate of 10(8) counts per second. The high-speed data interface offers ample bandwidth for real-time readout: 2 MByte lambda-stacks composed of 16 spectral channels, 256 x 256 pixel image with 12-bit dynamic range can be transferred at 30 frames per second. The modular design of the mC-PhCC can be readily extended to accommodate PMTs of more anodes. Data acquisition from a 64-anode PMT has been verified. As a demonstration of system performance, spectrally resolved images of fluorescent latex spheres and ex-vivo human skin are reported. The multicolor multiphoton microscope is suitable for highly sensitive, real-time, spectrally-resolved three-dimensional imaging in biomedical applications.

  5. Health information technology: standards, implementation specifications, and certification criteria for electronic health record technology, 2014 edition; revisions to the permanent certification program for health information technology. Final rule.

    PubMed

    2012-09-04

    With this final rule, the Secretary of Health and Human Services adopts certification criteria that establish the technical capabilities and specify the related standards and implementation specifications that Certified Electronic Health Record (EHR) Technology will need to include to, at a minimum, support the achievement of meaningful use by eligible professionals, eligible hospitals, and critical access hospitals under the Medicare and Medicaid EHR Incentive Programs beginning with the EHR reporting periods in fiscal year and calendar year 2014. This final rule also makes changes to the permanent certification program for health information technology, including changing the program's name to the ONC HIT Certification Program.

  6. Evaluation of procalcitonin and neopterin level in serum of patients with acute bacterial infection.

    PubMed

    Pourakbari, Babak; Mamishi, Setareh; Zafari, Javid; Khairkhah, Hanieh; Ashtiani, Mohammad H; Abedini, Masomeh; Afsharpaiman, Shahla; Rad, Soroush Seifi

    2010-01-01

    Fever as a common presenting complaint in pediatric patients can be due to various causes. Differentiating bacterial infection from other causes is important because the prompt use of antibiotics is critical in bacterial infection. Traditional markers of infection such as BT and WBC count may be unspecific and culture may be late or absent. CRP and Procalcitonin (PCT) have been considered to evaluate the evolution of infections and sepsis in patients presenting with SIRS. Neopterin has also been proposed to aid in the diagnosis of bacterial infection. In this study, we compared the value of the serum PCT, neopterin level, and WBC count for predicting bacterial infection and outcome in children with fever. 158 pediatric (2-120-month-old) patients suspected to have acute bacterial infection, based on clinical judgment in which other causes of SIRS were ruled out were included in the study. WBC count with differential was determined and PCT and neopterin levels were measured. PCT level was higher in bacterial infection and patients who were complicated or expired. Rapid PCT test is superior to neopterin and WBC count for anticipating bacterial infection, especially in ED where prompt decision making is critical.

  7. 29 CFR 2530.200b-7 - Day of service for employees in the maritime industry.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 9 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Day of service for employees in the maritime industry. 2530... BENEFIT PLANS Scope and General Provisions § 2530.200b-7 Day of service for employees in the maritime industry. (a) General rule. A day of service in the maritime industry which must, as a minimum, be counted...

  8. Economic Impacts of Prison Growth

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2010-04-13

    allow collective bargaining for public sector correctional workers, proposals to alter rules for the 2010 Census count, and rural development efforts...number of rural areas have chosen to tie their economies to prisons, viewing the institutions as recession-proof development engines. Though many local...correctional authorities. 80 Beale, Calvin L., “ Rural Prisons: An Update”, Rural Development Perspectives, vol. 11, no. 2, March 2001, p. 25. http

  9. When lightning strikes: bolting down the facts & fiction.

    PubMed

    Usatch, Ben

    2009-04-01

    MYTH: There's no danger from lightning until the rain starts. FACT: Lightning often precedes the storm by up to 10 miles. A reasonable guideline is the "30-30 rule," by which you count the seconds between the flash and the thunder. If the time span is less than 30 seconds, seek shelter. Additionally, wait a full 30 minutes from last lightning flash to resume outdoor activities.

  10. 17 CFR 249.822 - Form 19b-7, for electronic filing with respect to proposed rule changes by self-regulatory...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... filing with respect to proposed rule changes by self-regulatory organizations under Section 19(b)(7)(A... proposed rule changes by self-regulatory organizations under Section 19(b)(7)(A) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. This form shall be used by self-regulatory organizations, as defined in section 3(a)(25...

  11. 17 CFR 249.822 - Form 19b-7, for electronic filing with respect to proposed rule changes by self-regulatory...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... filing with respect to proposed rule changes by self-regulatory organizations under Section 19(b)(7)(A... proposed rule changes by self-regulatory organizations under Section 19(b)(7)(A) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. This form shall be used by self-regulatory organizations, as defined in section 3(a)(25...

  12. 17 CFR 249.822 - Form 19b-7, for electronic filing with respect to proposed rule changes by self-regulatory...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... filing with respect to proposed rule changes by self-regulatory organizations under Section 19(b)(7)(A... proposed rule changes by self-regulatory organizations under Section 19(b)(7)(A) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. This form shall be used by self-regulatory organizations, as defined in section 3(a)(25...

  13. 17 CFR 249.822 - Form 19b-7, for electronic filing with respect to proposed rule changes by self-regulatory...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... filing with respect to proposed rule changes by self-regulatory organizations under Section 19(b)(7)(A... proposed rule changes by self-regulatory organizations under Section 19(b)(7)(A) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. This form shall be used by self-regulatory organizations, as defined in section 3(a)(25...

  14. 17 CFR 249.822 - Form 19b-7, for electronic filing with respect to proposed rule changes by self-regulatory...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... filing with respect to proposed rule changes by self-regulatory organizations under Section 19(b)(7)(A... proposed rule changes by self-regulatory organizations under Section 19(b)(7)(A) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. This form shall be used by self-regulatory organizations, as defined in section 3(a)(25...

  15. Supplemental Notice to the Proposed NPDES Electronic Reporting Rule Fact Sheet

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    This notice allows EPA to identify the issues raised by commenters during the public comment period, clarify any misunderstandings about the proposal, and discuss possibilities for how EPA might modify the rule to address issues raised by stakeholders.

  16. Hund's Multiplicity Rule Revisited

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Rioux, Frank

    2007-01-01

    The plausible and frequently used explanation of the singlet and triplet wave functions for a two-electron system is presented. Its findings reveal that the antisymmetric triplet spatial wave function keeps electrons apart, while the symmetric singlet spatial wave function permits electrons to be close together.

  17. Clinical Assistant Diagnosis for Electronic Medical Record Based on Convolutional Neural Network.

    PubMed

    Yang, Zhongliang; Huang, Yongfeng; Jiang, Yiran; Sun, Yuxi; Zhang, Yu-Jin; Luo, Pengcheng

    2018-04-20

    Automatically extracting useful information from electronic medical records along with conducting disease diagnoses is a promising task for both clinical decision support(CDS) and neural language processing(NLP). Most of the existing systems are based on artificially constructed knowledge bases, and then auxiliary diagnosis is done by rule matching. In this study, we present a clinical intelligent decision approach based on Convolutional Neural Networks(CNN), which can automatically extract high-level semantic information of electronic medical records and then perform automatic diagnosis without artificial construction of rules or knowledge bases. We use collected 18,590 copies of the real-world clinical electronic medical records to train and test the proposed model. Experimental results show that the proposed model can achieve 98.67% accuracy and 96.02% recall, which strongly supports that using convolutional neural network to automatically learn high-level semantic features of electronic medical records and then conduct assist diagnosis is feasible and effective.

  18. Study of optical and electronic properties of nickel from reflection electron energy loss spectra

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Xu, H.; Yang, L. H.; Da, B.; Tóth, J.; Tőkési, K.; Ding, Z. J.

    2017-09-01

    We use the classical Monte Carlo transport model of electrons moving near the surface and inside solids to reproduce the measured reflection electron energy-loss spectroscopy (REELS) spectra. With the combination of the classical transport model and the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling of oscillator parameters the so-called reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) method was developed, and used to obtain optical constants of Ni in this work. A systematic study of the electronic and optical properties of Ni has been performed in an energy loss range of 0-200 eV from the measured REELS spectra at primary energies of 1000 eV, 2000 eV and 3000 eV. The reliability of our method was tested by comparing our results with the previous data. Moreover, the accuracy of our optical data has been confirmed by applying oscillator strength-sum rule and perfect-screening-sum rule.

  19. Quasi-chemical theory of F-(aq): The "no split occupancies rule" revisited

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chaudhari, Mangesh I.; Rempe, Susan B.; Pratt, Lawrence R.

    2017-10-01

    We use ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) calculations and quasi-chemical theory (QCT) to study the inner-shell structure of F-(aq) and to evaluate that single-ion free energy under standard conditions. Following the "no split occupancies" rule, QCT calculations yield a free energy value of -101 kcal/mol under these conditions, in encouraging agreement with tabulated values (-111 kcal/mol). The AIMD calculations served only to guide the definition of an effective inner-shell constraint. QCT naturally includes quantum mechanical effects that can be concerning in more primitive calculations, including electronic polarizability and induction, electron density transfer, electron correlation, molecular/atomic cooperative interactions generally, molecular flexibility, and zero-point motion. No direct assessment of the contribution of dispersion contributions to the internal energies has been attempted here, however. We anticipate that other aqueous halide ions might be treated successfully with QCT, provided that the structure of the underlying statistical mechanical theory is absorbed, i.e., that the "no split occupancies" rule is recognized.

  20. Excitation transfer and trapping kinetics in plant photosystem I probed by two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy.

    PubMed

    Akhtar, Parveen; Zhang, Cheng; Liu, Zhengtang; Tan, Howe-Siang; Lambrev, Petar H

    2018-03-01

    Photosystem I is a robust and highly efficient biological solar engine. Its capacity to utilize virtually every absorbed photon's energy in a photochemical reaction generates great interest in the kinetics and mechanisms of excitation energy transfer and charge separation. In this work, we have employed room-temperature coherent two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy to follow exciton equilibration and excitation trapping in intact Photosystem I complexes as well as core complexes isolated from Pisum sativum. We performed two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy measurements with low excitation pulse energies to record excited-state kinetics free from singlet-singlet annihilation. Global lifetime analysis resolved energy transfer and trapping lifetimes closely matches the time-correlated single-photon counting data. Exciton energy equilibration in the core antenna occurred on a timescale of 0.5 ps. We further observed spectral equilibration component in the core complex with a 3-4 ps lifetime between the bulk Chl states and a state absorbing at 700 nm. Trapping in the core complex occurred with a 20 ps lifetime, which in the supercomplex split into two lifetimes, 16 ps and 67-75 ps. The experimental data could be modelled with two alternative models resulting in equally good fits-a transfer-to-trap-limited model and a trap-limited model. However, the former model is only possible if the 3-4 ps component is ascribed to equilibration with a "red" core antenna pool absorbing at 700 nm. Conversely, if these low-energy states are identified with the P 700 reaction centre, the transfer-to-trap-model is ruled out in favour of a trap-limited model.

  1. HAADF-STEM atom counting in atom probe tomography specimens: Towards quantitative correlative microscopy.

    PubMed

    Lefebvre, W; Hernandez-Maldonado, D; Moyon, F; Cuvilly, F; Vaudolon, C; Shinde, D; Vurpillot, F

    2015-12-01

    The geometry of atom probe tomography tips strongly differs from standard scanning transmission electron microscopy foils. Whereas the later are rather flat and thin (<20 nm), tips display a curved surface and a significantly larger thickness. As far as a correlative approach aims at analysing the same specimen by both techniques, it is mandatory to explore the limits and advantages imposed by the particular geometry of atom probe tomography specimens. Based on simulations (electron probe propagation and image simulations), the possibility to apply quantitative high angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy to of atom probe tomography specimens has been tested. The influence of electron probe convergence and the benefice of deconvolution of electron probe point spread function electron have been established. Atom counting in atom probe tomography specimens is for the first time reported in this present work. It is demonstrated that, based on single projections of high angle annular dark field imaging, significant quantitative information can be used as additional input for refining the data obtained by correlative analysis of the specimen in APT, therefore opening new perspectives in the field of atomic scale tomography. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  2. Work schedules of long-distance truck drivers before and after 2004 hours-of-service rule change.

    PubMed

    McCartt, Anne T; Hellinga, Laurie A; Solomon, Mark G

    2008-01-01

    Federal rules regulate work hours of interstate commercial truck drivers. On January 4, 2004, a new work rule was implemented, increasing daily and weekly maximum driving limits and daily off-duty requirements. The present study assessed changes in long-distance truck drivers' reported work schedules and reported fatigued driving after the rule change. Associations between reported rule violations, fatigued driving, and schedule as well as other characteristics were examined. Samples of long-distance truck drivers were interviewed face-to-face in two states immediately before the rule change (November-December 2003) and about 1 year (November-December 2004) and 2 years (November-December 2005) after the change. Drivers reported substantially more hours of driving after the rule change. Most drivers reported regularly using a new restart provision, which permits a substantial increase in weekly driving. Reported daily off-duty and sleep time increased. Reported incidents of falling asleep at the wheel of the truck increased between 2003 (before the rule change) and 2004 and 2005 (after the change); in 2005 about one fifth of drivers reported falling asleep at the wheel in the past month. The frequency of reported rule violations under the old and new rules was similar. The percentage of trucks with electronic on-board recorders increased significantly to almost half the fleet; only a few drivers were using automated recorders to report rule compliance. More than half of drivers said that requiring automated recorders on all large trucks to enforce driving-hour limits would improve compliance with work rules. Based on the 2004-2005 survey data, drivers who reported more frequent rule violations were significantly more likely to report fatigued driving. Predictors of reported violations included having unrealistic delivery schedules, longer wait times to drop off or pick up loads, difficulty finding a legal place to stop or rest, and driving a refrigerated trailer. Reported truck driver fatigue increased after the new rule was implemented, suggesting that the rule change may not have achieved the goal of reducing fatigued driving. Reported violations of the work rules remain common. Because many trucks already have electronic recorders, requiring them as a means of monitoring driving hours appears feasible.

  3. A Multi-Contact, Low Capacitance HPGe Detector for High Rate Gamma Spectroscopy

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Cox, Christopher

    2014-12-04

    The detection, identification and non-destructive assay of special nuclear materials and nuclear fission by-products are critically important activities in support of nuclear non-proliferation programs. Both national and international nuclear safeguard agencies recognize that current accounting methods for spent nuclear fuel are inadequate from a safeguards perspective. Radiation detection and analysis by gamma-ray spectroscopy is a key tool in this field, but no instrument exists that can deliver the required performance (energy resolution and detection sensitivity) in the presence of very high background count rates encountered in the nuclear safeguards arena. The work of this project addresses this critical need bymore » developing a unique gamma-ray detector based on high purity germanium that has the previously unachievable property of operating in the 1 million counts-per-second range while achieving state-of-the-art energy resolution necessary to identify and analyze the isotopes of interest. The technical approach was to design and fabricate a germanium detector with multiple segmented electrodes coupled to multi-channel high rate spectroscopy electronics. Dividing the germanium detector’s signal electrode into smaller sections offers two advantages; firstly, the energy resolution of the detector is potentially improved, and secondly, the detector is able to operate at higher count rates. The design challenges included the following; determining the optimum electrode configuration to meet the stringent energy resolution and count rate requirements; determining the electronic noise (and therefore energy resolution) of the completed system after multiple signals are recombined; designing the germanium crystal housing and vacuum cryostat; and customizing electronics to perform the signal recombination function in real time. In this phase I work, commercial off-the-shelf electrostatic modeling software was used to develop the segmented germanium crystal geometry, which underwent several iterations before an optimal electrode configuration was found. The model was tested and validated against real-world measurements with existing germanium detectors. Extensive modeling of electronic noise was conducted using established formulae, and real-world measurements were performed on candidate front-end electronic components. This initial work proved the feasibility of the design with respect to expected high count rate and energy resolution performance. Phase I also delivered the mechanical design of the detector housing and vacuum cryostat to be built in Phase II. Finally, a Monte Carlo simulation was created to show the response of the complete design to a Cs-137 source. This development presents a significant advance for nuclear safeguards instrumentation with increased speed and accuracy of detection and identification of special nuclear materials. Other significant applications are foreseen for a gamma-ray detector that delivers high energy resolution (1keV FWHM noise) at high count rate (1 Mcps), especially in the areas of physics research and materials analysis.« less

  4. Survey on low-dose medical radiation exposure in occupational workers: the effect on hematological change

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ryu, J. K.; Cho, S. M.; Cho, J. H.; Dong, K. R.; Chung, W. K.; Lee, J. W.

    2013-03-01

    This study examined the changes in the hematological index caused by low-dose medical radiation exposure in workers in a medical radiation-exposed environment. The cumulative dose was obtained using thermoluminescent dosimeters over a 9-year period, and the changes in hematological index count (red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin, platelets, white blood cells (WBCs), monocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils) were examined in both the occupational workers and controls. In total, 370 occupational workers and 335 controls were compared. The analysis led to the following observations: (1) The average cumulative dose in males and females was 9.65±15.2 and 4.82±5.55 mSv, respectively. (2) In both males and females, there was a very low correlation between the occupation period and the cumulative dose (r<±0.25). (3) When the occupation period was longer, the WBC counts both decreased and increased in the male workers and the RBC counts were lower in the workers than in the control group (p<0.05). In females, the WBC counts both decreased and increased in the workers and the eosinophil counts were lower in the workers than in the control group (p<0.01). (4) When the cumulative dose was large, the lymphocyte counts decreased in male workers and the platelet count was lower in the workers than in the control group (p<0.05). In females, the lymphocyte count and RBC count were lower in the workers than in the control group (p<0.05). Abnormal distributions of some blood indices were observed in the occupational radiation workers compared with the controls. Attempts were made to limit radiation exposure to personnel, but the employees did not always follow the preset rules. Actually, the adverse effects of low-level radiation were attributed to probability. Overall, workers should obey the radiation protection regulations provided by the government and a national system of radiation protection is needed.

  5. 49 CFR 220.302 - Operating rules implementing the requirements of this subpart.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Operating rules implementing the requirements of this subpart. 220.302 Section 220.302 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION RAILROAD COMMUNICATIONS Electronic...

  6. CROMERR Program Fact Sheet

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    The Cross-Media Electronic Reporting Rule (CROMERR), published in the Federal Register under 40 CFR, Part 3 on October 13, 2005, provides the legal framework for electronic reporting under all of EPA's environmental regulations.

  7. 76 FR 16233 - Interpretive Rule Regarding Electronic Contributor Redesignations

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-03-23

    ... technological innovations * * * where such technology would not compromise the intent of the Act and regulations... Commission encourages the use of innovations in technology to effectuate electronic redesignations. In that...

  8. 77 FR 58131 - Cross-Media Electronic Reporting: Authorized Program Revision Approval, State of Mississippi

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-09-19

    ... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY [FRL-9730-1] Cross-Media Electronic Reporting: Authorized Program Revision Approval, State of Mississippi AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ACTION: Notice...-Media Electronic Reporting Rule (CROMERR) was published in the Federal Register (70 FR 59848) and...

  9. Nature of Bonding in Bowl-Like B36 Cluster Revisited: Concentric (6π+18π) Double Aromaticity and Reason for the Preference of a Hexagonal Hole in a Central Location.

    PubMed

    Li, Rui; You, Xue-Rui; Wang, Kang; Zhai, Hua-Jin

    2018-05-04

    The bowl-shaped C 6v B 36 cluster with a central hexagon hole is considered an ideal molecular model for low-dimensional boron-based nanosystems. Owing to the electron deficiency of boron, chemical bonding in the B 36 cluster is intriguing, complicated, and has remained elusive despite a couple of papers in the literature. Herein, a bonding analysis is given through canonical molecular orbitals (CMOs) and adaptive natural density partitioning (AdNDP), further aided by natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis and orbital composition calculations. The concerted computational data establish the idea of concentric double π aromaticity for the B 36 cluster, with inner 6π and outer 18π electron counting, which both conform to the (4n+2) Hückel rule. The updated bonding picture differs from existing knowledge of the system. A refined bonding model is also proposed for coronene, of which the B 36 cluster is an inorganic analogue. It is further shown that concentric double π aromaticity in the B 36 cluster is retained and spatially fixed, irrespective of the migration of the hexagonal hole; the latter process changes the system energetically. The hexagonal hole is a destabilizing factor for σ/π CMOs. The central hexagon hole affects substantially fewer CMOs, thus making the bowl-shaped C 6v B 36 cluster the global minimum. © 2018 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  10. Electronic media time and sedentary behaviors in children: Findings from the Built Environment and Active Play Study in the Washington DC area.

    PubMed

    Roberts, Jennifer D; Rodkey, Lindsey; Ray, Rashawn; Knight, Brandon; Saelens, Brian E

    2017-06-01

    An objective of the Built Environment and Active Play (BEAP) Study was to examine whether home built environment, bedroom electronic presence, parental rules and demographics predicted children's sedentary behavior (SB). In 2014, BEAP Study questionnaires were mailed to 2000 parents of children (7-12 years) within the Washington DC area. SB-Duration (hours/day) and SB-Frequency (days/week) were assessed by two questions with multiple subparts relating to SB activity type (e.g. car riding) and SB companionship (e.g. friends). Built environment, bedroom electronic presence, parental rules and demographic data were obtained through questionnaire items and ordered logistic regression models were used to examine whether these variables were associated with SB. Study sample included 144 children (female (50%); average age (9.7 years); White (56.3%); Black/African-American (23.7%); Asian-Americans (10.4%)). Nearly 40% of the sample reported daily solitary SB with car riding being the most frequently reported type of SB. Children living on streets without a dead-end/cul-de-sac exhibited a higher odds in SB-Duration using electric media [2.61 (CI: 1.31, 5.18)] and having no television in a child's bedroom was associated with a lower odds in SB-Frequency [0.048 (CI: 0.006, 0.393)] and SB-Duration [0.085 (CI: 0.018, 0.395)]. Non-Hispanic/Latino children were also found to have higher odds in solitary SB-Frequency when parental rules of electronic use were modeled [8.56 (CI: 1.11, 66.01)]. Based on results from this cross-sectional study, home neighborhood built environment, bedroom electronic presence and absence of parental rules can significantly predict children's SB.

  11. Non-Condon nonequilibrium Fermi’s golden rule rates from the linearized semiclassical method

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Sun, Xiang; Geva, Eitan

    2016-08-14

    The nonequilibrium Fermi’s golden rule describes the transition between a photoexcited bright donor electronic state and a dark acceptor electronic state, when the nuclear degrees of freedom start out in a nonequilibrium state. In a previous paper [X. Sun and E. Geva, J. Chem. Theory Comput. 12, 2926 (2016)], we proposed a new expression for the nonequilibrium Fermi’s golden rule within the framework of the linearized semiclassical approximation and based on the Condon approximation, according to which the electronic coupling between donor and acceptor is assumed constant. In this paper we propose a more general expression, which is applicable tomore » the case of non-Condon electronic coupling. We test the accuracy of the new non-Condon nonequilibrium Fermi’s golden rule linearized semiclassical expression on a model where the donor and acceptor potential energy surfaces are parabolic and identical except for shifts in the equilibrium energy and geometry, and the coupling between them is linear in the nuclear coordinates. Since non-Condon effects may or may not give rise to conical intersections, both possibilities are examined by considering the following: (1) A modified Garg-Onuchic-Ambegaokar model for charge transfer in the condensed phase, where the donor-acceptor coupling is linear in the primary-mode coordinate, and for which non-Condon effects do not give rise to a conical intersection; (2) the linear vibronic coupling model for electronic transitions in gas phase molecules, where non-Condon effects give rise to conical intersections. We also present a comprehensive comparison between the linearized semiclassical expression and a progression of more approximate expressions, in both normal and inverted regions, and over a wide range of initial nonequilibrium states, temperatures, and frictions.« less

  12. A pilot study to evaluate the magnitude of association of the use of electronic personal health records with patient activation and empowerment in HIV-infected veterans

    PubMed Central

    Rose, Carol Dawson; Johnson, Mallory; Janson, Susan L.

    2015-01-01

    The HITECH Act signed into law in 2009 requires hospitals to provide patients with electronic access to their health information through an electronic personal health record (ePHR) in order to receive Medicare/Medicaid incentive payments. Little is known about who uses these systems or the impact these systems will have on patient outcomes in HIV care. The health care empowerment model provides rationale for the hypothesis that knowledge from an electronic personal health record can lead to greater patient empowerment resulting in improved outcomes. The objective was to determine the patient characteristics and patient activation, empowerment, satisfaction, knowledge of their CD4, Viral Loads, and antiretroviral medication, and medication adherence outcomes associated with electronic personal health record use in Veterans living with HIV at the San Francisco VA Medical Center. The participants included HIV-Infected Veterans receiving care in a low volume HIV-clinic at the San Francisco VA Medical Center, divided into two groups of users and non-users of electronic personal health records. The research was conducted using in-person surveys either online or on paper and data abstraction from medical records for current anti-retroviral therapy (ART), CD4 count, and plasma HIV-1 viral load. The measures included the Patient Activation Measure, Health Care Empowerment Inventory, ART adherence, provider satisfaction, current CD4 count, current plasma viral load, knowledge of current ART, knowledge of CD4 counts, and knowledge of viral load. In all, 40 participants were recruited. The use of electronic personal health records was associated with significantly higher levels of patient activation and levels of patient satisfaction for getting timely appointments, care, and information. ePHR was also associated with greater proportions of undetectable plasma HIV-1 viral loads, of knowledge of current CD4 count, and of knowledge of current viral load. The two groups differed by race and computer access. There was no difference in the current CD4, provider satisfaction, Health Care Empowerment Inventory score, satisfaction with provider-patient communication, satisfaction with courteous and helpful staff, knowledge of ART, or ART adherence. The use of electronic personal health records is associated with positive clinical and behavioral characteristics. The use of these systems may play a role in improving the health of people with HIV. Larger studies are needed to further evaluate these associations. PMID:25802815

  13. Ab initio Studies of Magnetism in the Iron Chalcogenides FeTe and FeSe

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hirayama, Motoaki; Misawa, Takahiro; Miyake, Takashi; Imada, Masatoshi

    2015-09-01

    The iron chalcogenides FeTe and FeSe belong to the family of iron-based superconductors. We study the magnetism in these compounds in the normal state using the ab initio downfolding scheme developed for strongly correlated electron systems. In deriving ab initio low-energy effective models, we employ the constrained GW method to eliminate the double counting of electron correlations originating from the exchange correlations already taken into account in the density functional theory. By solving the derived ab initio effective models, we reveal that the elimination of the double counting is important in reproducing the bicollinear antiferromagnetic order in FeTe, as is observed in experiments. We also show that the elimination of the double counting induces a unique degeneracy of several magnetic orders in FeSe, which may explain the absence of the magnetic ordering. We discuss the relationship between the degeneracy and the recently found puzzling phenomena in FeSe as well as the magnetic ordering found under pressure.

  14. Probing Majorana bound states via counting statistics of a single electron transistor

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Li, Zeng-Zhao; Lam, Chi-Hang; You, J. Q.

    2015-06-01

    We propose an approach for probing Majorana bound states (MBSs) in a nanowire via counting statistics of a nearby charge detector in the form of a single-electron transistor (SET). We consider the impacts on the counting statistics by both the local coupling between the detector and an adjacent MBS at one end of a nanowire and the nonlocal coupling to the MBS at the other end. We show that the Fano factor and the skewness of the SET current are minimized for a symmetric SET configuration in the absence of the MBSs or when coupled to a fermionic state. However, the minimum points of operation are shifted appreciably in the presence of the MBSs to asymmetric SET configurations with a higher tunnel rate at the drain than at the source. This feature persists even when varying the nonlocal coupling and the pairing energy between the two MBSs. We expect that these MBS-induced shifts can be measured experimentally with available technologies and can serve as important signatures of the MBSs.

  15. Image charge multi-role and function detectors

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Milnes, James; Lapington, Jon S.; Jagutzki, Ottmar; Howorth, Jon

    2009-06-01

    The image charge technique used with microchannel plate imaging tubes provides several operational and practical benefits by serving to isolate the electronic image readout from the detector. The simple dielectric interface between detector and readout provides vacuum isolation and no vacuum electrical feed-throughs are required. Since the readout is mechanically separate from the detector, an image tube of generic design can be simply optimised for various applications by attaching it to different readout devices and electronics. We present imaging performance results using a single image tube with a variety of readout devices suited to differing applications: (a) A four electrode charge division tetra wedge anode, optimised for best spatial resolution in photon counting mode. (b) A cross delay line anode, enabling higher count rate, and the possibility of discriminating near co-incident events, and an event timing resolution of better than 1 ns. (c) A multi-anode readout connected, either to a multi-channel oscilloscope for analogue measurements of fast optical pulses, or alternately, to a multi-channel time correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) card.

  16. Quantum Key Distribution Using Polarized Single Photons

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2009-04-01

    liquid helium the SSPD with a low - noise , cryogenic high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) with high-input impedance. This arrangement allowed us...Sobolewski, IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercon., accepted (2009). 19. " Measurements of amplitude distributions of dark counts and photon counts in NbN ...75, 174507 (2007). 6. "Fiber-Coupled NbN Superconducting Single-Photon Detectors for Quantum Correlation Measurements ," W. Slysz, M. Wegrzecki, J

  17. Low cost digital electronics for isotope analysis with microcalorimeters - final report

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    W. Hennig

    2006-09-11

    The overall goal of the Phase I research was to demonstrate that the digital readout electronics and filter algorithms developed by XIA for use with HPGe detectors can be adapted to high precision, cryogenic gamma detectors (microcalorimeters) and not only match the current state of the art in terms of energy resolution, but do so at a significantly reduced cost. This would make it economically feasible to instrument large arrays of microcalorimeters and would also allow automation of the setup, calibration and operation of large numbers of channels through software. We expected, and have demonstrated, that this approach would furthermore » allow much higher count rates than the optimum filter algorithms currently used. In particular, in measurements with a microcalorimeter at LLNL, the adapted Pixie-16 spectrometer achieved an energy resolution of 0.062%, significantly better than the targeted resolution of 0.1% in the Phase I proposal and easily matching resolutions obtained with LLNL readout electronics and optimum filtering (0.066%). The theoretical maximum output count rate for the filter settings used to achieve this resolution is about 120cps. If the filter is adjusted for maximum throughput with an energy resolution of 0.1% or better, rates of 260cps are possible. This is 20-50 times higher than the maximum count rates of about 5cps with optimum filters for this detector. While microcalorimeter measurements were limited to count rates of ~1.3cps due to the strength of available sources, pulser measurements demonstrated that measured energy resolutions were independent of counting rate to output counting rates well in excess of 200cps or more.. We also developed a preliminary hardware design of a spectrometer module, consisting of a digital processing core and several input options that can be implemented on daughter boards. Depending upon the daughter board, the total parts cost per channel ranged between $12 and $27, resulting in projected product prices of $80 to $160 per channel. This demonstrates that a price of $100 per channel is economically very feasible for large microcalorimeter arrays.« less

  18. Evaluation of the platelet counting by Abbott CELL-DYN SAPPHIRE haematology analyser compared with flow cytometry.

    PubMed

    Grimaldi, E; Del Vecchio, L; Scopacasa, F; Lo Pardo, C; Capone, F; Pariante, S; Scalia, G; De Caterina, M

    2009-04-01

    The Abbot Cell-Dyn Sapphire is a new generation haematology analyser. The system uses optical/fluorescence flow cytometry in combination with electronic impedance to produce a full blood count. Optical and impedance are the default methods for platelet counting while automated CD61-immunoplatelet analysis can be run as selectable test. The aim of this study was to determine the platelet count performance of the three counting methods available on the instrument and to compare the results with those provided by Becton Dickinson FACSCalibur flow cytometer used as reference method. A lipid interference experiment was also performed. Linearity, carryover and precision were good, and satisfactory agreement with reference method was found for the impedance, optical and CD61-immunoplatelet analysis, although this latter provided the closest results in comparison with flow cytometry. In the lipid interference experiment, a moderate inaccuracy of optical and immunoplatelet counts was observed starting from a very high lipid value.

  19. Avalanche photodiode photon counting receivers for space-borne lidars

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Sun, Xiaoli; Davidson, Frederic M.

    1991-01-01

    Avalanche photodiodes (APD) are studied for uses as photon counting detectors in spaceborne lidars. Non-breakdown APD photon counters, in which the APD's are biased below the breakdown point, are shown to outperform: (1) conventional APD photon counters biased above the breakdown point; (2) conventional APD photon counters biased above the breakdown point; and (3) APD's in analog mode when the received optical signal is extremely weak. Non-breakdown APD photon counters were shown experimentally to achieve an effective photon counting quantum efficiency of 5.0 percent at lambda = 820 nm with a dead time of 15 ns and a dark count rate of 7000/s which agreed with the theoretically predicted values. The interarrival times of the counts followed an exponential distribution and the counting statistics appeared to follow a Poisson distribution with no after pulsing. It is predicted that the effective photon counting quantum efficiency can be improved to 18.7 percent at lambda = 820 nm and 1.46 percent at lambda = 1060 nm with a dead time of a few nanoseconds by using more advanced commercially available electronic components.

  20. Preliminary design report, Large Space Telescope OTA/SI Phase B study: High speed area photometer. [systems analysis

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1975-01-01

    A photometer is examined which combines several features from separate instruments into a single package. The design presented has both point and area photometry capability with provision for inserting filters to provide spectral discrimination. The electronics provide for photon counting mode for the point detectors and both photon counting and analog modes for the area detector. The area detector also serves as a target locating device for the point detectors. Topics discussed include: (1) electronic equipment requirements, (2) optical properties, (3) structural housing for the instrument, (4) motors and other mechanical components, (5) ground support equipment, and (6) environment control for the instrument. Engineering drawings and block diagrams are shown.

  1. The role of charged particles in the positive corona-generated photon count in a rod to plane air gap

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Bian, X. M.; Wang, Y. J.; MacAlpine, J. M. K.

    The relationship between the calculated charged-particle densities in positive corona, the rate of streamer production, and the photon count from the corona were investigated and found to be closely related. Both the densities of electrons and positive ions peaked at 11.8 kV, near the corona inception voltage; they then fell rapidly before slowly rising again. This behavior was exactly matched by the measured photon count. The calculation of the charged-particle density in a positive corona was achieved by means of a fluid model.

  2. 45 CFR 164.306 - Security standards: General rules.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Security standards: General rules. 164.306 Section 164.306 Public Welfare DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES ADMINISTRATIVE DATA STANDARDS AND RELATED REQUIREMENTS SECURITY AND PRIVACY Security Standards for the Protection of Electronic Protected...

  3. 77 FR 76146 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Municipal Securities Rulemaking Board; Order Approving a Proposed...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-12-26

    ...-Regulatory Organizations; Municipal Securities Rulemaking Board; Order Approving a Proposed Rule Change Consisting of Amendments To Streamline New Issue Information Submission Requirements Under MSRB Rules G-32..., and market information requirements); and the Electronic Municipal Market Access (``EMMA[supreg...

  4. 45 CFR 164.306 - Security standards: General rules.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Security standards: General rules. 164.306 Section 164.306 Public Welfare DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES ADMINISTRATIVE DATA STANDARDS AND RELATED REQUIREMENTS SECURITY AND PRIVACY Security Standards for the Protection of Electronic Protected...

  5. 45 CFR 164.306 - Security standards: General rules.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Security standards: General rules. 164.306 Section 164.306 Public Welfare Department of Health and Human Services ADMINISTRATIVE DATA STANDARDS AND RELATED REQUIREMENTS SECURITY AND PRIVACY Security Standards for the Protection of Electronic Protected...

  6. A Modified Rule of Thumb for Evaluating Scale Reproducibilities Determined by Electronic Computers

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hofmann, Richard J.

    1978-01-01

    The Goodenough technique for determining scale error is compared to the Guttman technique and demonstrated to be more conservative than the Guttman technique. Implications with regard to Guttman's evaluative rule of thumb for evaluating a reproducibility are noted. (Author)

  7. Method to integrate clinical guidelines into the electronic health record (EHR) by applying the archetypes approach.

    PubMed

    Garcia, Diego; Moro, Claudia Maria Cabral; Cicogna, Paulo Eduardo; Carvalho, Deborah Ribeiro

    2013-01-01

    Clinical guidelines are documents that assist healthcare professionals, facilitating and standardizing diagnosis, management, and treatment in specific areas. Computerized guidelines as decision support systems (DSS) attempt to increase the performance of tasks and facilitate the use of guidelines. Most DSS are not integrated into the electronic health record (EHR), ordering some degree of rework especially related to data collection. This study's objective was to present a method for integrating clinical guidelines into the EHR. The study developed first a way to identify data and rules contained in the guidelines, and then incorporate rules into an archetype-based EHR. The proposed method tested was anemia treatment in the Chronic Kidney Disease Guideline. The phases of the method are: data and rules identification; archetypes elaboration; rules definition and inclusion in inference engine; and DSS-EHR integration and validation. The main feature of the proposed method is that it is generic and can be applied toany type of guideline.

  8. 77 FR 68770 - Cross-Media Electronic Reporting: Authorized Program Revision Approval, State of Vermont

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-11-16

    ... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY [FRL9752-3] Cross-Media Electronic Reporting: Authorized Program Revision Approval, State of Vermont AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY... 13, 2005, the final Cross-Media Electronic Reporting Rule (CROMERR) was published in the Federal...

  9. 76 FR 25333 - Cross-Media Electronic Reporting: Authorized Program Revision/Modification Approvals, State of...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-05-04

    ... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY [FRL-9301-5] Cross-Media Electronic Reporting: Authorized Program Revision/ Modification Approvals, State of South Dakota AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA...: On October 13, 2005, the final Cross-Media Electronic Reporting Rule (CROMERR) was published in the...

  10. 76 FR 30342 - Cross-Media Electronic Reporting: Authorized Program Revision Approval, State of Ohio

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-05-25

    ... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY [FRL-9311-3] Cross-Media Electronic Reporting: Authorized Program Revision Approval, State of Ohio AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY... 13, 2005, the final Cross-Media Electronic Reporting Rule (CROMERR) was published in the Federal...

  11. 77 FR 13123 - Cross-Media Electronic Reporting: Authorized Program Revision Approval, State of Ohio

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-03-05

    ... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY [FRL-9642-8] Cross-Media Electronic Reporting: Authorized Program Revision Approval, State of Ohio AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY... . SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: On October 13, 2005, the final Cross-Media Electronic Reporting Rule (CROMERR) was...

  12. 76 FR 46798 - Cross-Media Electronic Reporting: Authorized Program Revision Approvals, Commonwealth of Kentucky

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-08-03

    ... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY [FRL-9447-2] Cross-Media Electronic Reporting: Authorized Program Revision Approvals, Commonwealth of Kentucky AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ACTION: Notice... October 13, 2005, the final Cross-Media Electronic Reporting Rule (CROMERR) was published in the Federal...

  13. 77 FR 71792 - Cross-Media Electronic Reporting: Authorized Program Revision Approval, State of Georgia

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-12-04

    ... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY [FRL-9757-6] Cross-Media Electronic Reporting: Authorized Program Revision Approval, State of Georgia AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY...-Media Electronic Reporting Rule (CROMERR) was published in the Federal Register (70 FR 59848) and...

  14. 77 FR 37038 - Cross-Media Electronic Reporting: Authorized Program Revision Approval, State of Illinois

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-06-20

    ... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY [FRL-9690-5] Cross-Media Electronic Reporting: Authorized Program Revision Approval, State of Illinois AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY... . SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: On October 13, 2005, the final Cross-Media Electronic Reporting Rule (CROMERR) was...

  15. 76 FR 24020 - Cross-Media Electronic Reporting: Authorized Program Revision Approval, State of Illinois

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-04-29

    ... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY [FRL-9293-7] Cross-Media Electronic Reporting: Authorized Program Revision Approval, State of Illinois AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY... final Cross-Media Electronic Reporting Rule (CROMERR) was published in the Federal Register (70 FR 59848...

  16. 78 FR 49510 - Cross-Media Electronic Reporting: Authorized Program Revision Approval, State of Montana

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-08-14

    ... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY [FRL-9900-04-OEI] Cross-Media Electronic Reporting: Authorized Program Revision Approval, State of Montana AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ACTION: Notice...-Media Electronic Reporting Rule (CROMERR) was published in the Federal Register (70 FR 59848) and...

  17. 78 FR 46005 - NPDES Electronic Reporting Rule

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-07-30

    ... reports, and enforcement responses is provided (i.e., electronic rather than paper-based), it does not... is proposing a regulation that would require electronic reporting for current paper-based NPDES....regulations.gov Web site is an ``anonymous access'' system, which means EPA will not know your identity or...

  18. 75 FR 33681 - Electronic Fund Transfers

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-06-15

    ... FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM 12 CFR Part 205 [Regulation E; Docket No. R-1343] Electronic Fund Transfers June 4, 2010. AGENCY: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. ACTION: Final rule; correction..., published on June 4, 2010 (75 FR 31665) make the following correction: PART 205--ELECTRONIC FUND TRANSFERS...

  19. Safety of railroad employees' use of personal electronic devices

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2014-06-01

    This report describes two studies sponsored by the Federal Railroad Administration that examined distraction from personal electronic device (PED) usage among safety-critical railroad employees. Study I considered railroad rules, railroad efficiency ...

  20. Characterization of spectrometric photon-counting X-ray detectors at different pitches

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Jurdit, M.; Brambilla, A.; Moulin, V.; Ouvrier-Buffet, P.; Radisson, P.; Verger, L.

    2017-09-01

    There is growing interest in energy-sensitive photon-counting detectors based on high flux X-ray imaging. Their potential applications include medical imaging, non-destructive testing and security. Innovative detectors of this type will need to count individual photons and sort them into selected energy bins, at several million counts per second and per mm2. Cd(Zn)Te detector grade materials with a thickness of 1.5 to 3 mm and pitches from 800 μm down to 200 μm were assembled onto interposer boards. These devices were tested using in-house-developed full-digital fast readout electronics. The 16-channel demonstrators, with 256 energy bins, were experimentally characterized by determining spectral resolution, count rate, and charge sharing, which becomes challenging at low pitch. Charge sharing correction was found to efficiently correct X-ray spectra up to 40 × 106 incident photons.s-1.mm-2.

  1. Come and get IT.

    PubMed

    Robeznieks, Andis; DoBias, Matthew

    2010-07-19

    With the release of final rules on meaningful use, the race is on for hospitals to invest in IT systems that meet the new criteria. But some, while praising the plan, see a big flaw: Some hospitals with multiple campuses that operate under one Medicare provider number will receive less money than multiple-hospital systems with a comparable bed count. "It's about a $25 million hit to Montefiore," says Montefiore Medical Center CEO Steven Safyer.

  2. 20 CFR 10.215 - How does OWCP compute the number of days of COP used?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... of days of COP used? COP is payable for a maximum of 45 calendar days, and every day used is counted toward this maximum. The following rules apply: (a) Time lost on the day or shift of the injury does not... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false How does OWCP compute the number of days of...

  3. Prevalence of eosinophilic esophagitis in patients with gastroesophageal reflux symptoms: A cross-sectional study from a tertiary care hospital in North India.

    PubMed

    Baruah, Bhaskarjyoti; Kumar, Tarun; Das, Prasenjit; Thakur, Bhaskar; Sreenivas, Vishnubatla; Ahuja, Vineet; Gupta, Siddhartha Datta; Makharia, Govind K

    2017-09-01

    Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is being recognized increasingly all over the globe; Indian data is however sparse. We screened patients with symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) for presence of EoE in them. Consecutive patients with symptoms suggestive of GERD underwent gastroduodenoscopy and esophageal biopsies, obtained from both the upper esophagus (5 cm below the upper esophageal sphincter) and lower esophagus (5 cm above gastroesophageal junction), as well as from any other endoscopically visible abnormal mucosa. Demographic and clinical characteristics, endoscopic findings, peripheral blood eosinophilic count, and history of use of proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) were analyzed. Stool examination was done to rule out parasitoids. EoE was diagnosed if number of mucosal eosinophil infiltrate was >20 per high-power field. In the latter, Warthin-Starry stain was performed to rule out presence of H elicobacter pylori. Of 190 consecutive patients with symptoms of GERD screened, esophageal biopsies were available in 185 cases. Of them, 6 had EoE, suggesting a prevalence of 3.2% among patients with GERD. On univariate analysis, history of allergy, non-response to PPI, and absolute eosinophil counts and on multivariable analysis, history of allergy and no response to PPIs were significant predictors of EoE. Presence of EOE did not correlate with severity of reflux symptoms. In this hospital-based study from northern part of India, prevalence of EoE in patients with GERD was 3.2%. EoE should be considered as a diagnostic possibility, especially in those with history of allergy, no-response to PPI, and absolute eosinophil count of ≥250/cumm.

  4. An experiment to verify that the weak interactions satisfy the strong equivalence principle. [electron capture and gravitational potential

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Eby, P. B.

    1978-01-01

    The construction of a clock based on the beta decay process is proposed to test for any violations by the weak interaction of the strong equivalence principle bu determining whether the weak interaction coupling constant beta is spatially constant or whether it is a function of gravitational potential (U). The clock can be constructed by simply counting the beta disintegrations of some suitable source. The total number of counts are to be taken a measure of elapsed time. The accuracy of the clock is limited by the statistical fluctuations in the number of counts, N, which is equal to the square root of N. Increasing N gives a corresponding increase in accuracy. A source based on the electron capture process can be used so as to avoid low energy electron discrimination problems. Solid state and gaseous detectors are being considered. While the accuracy of this type of beta decay clock is much less than clocks based on the electromagnetic interaction, there is a corresponding lack of knowledge of the behavior of beta as a function of gravitational potential. No predictions from nonmetric theories as to variations in beta are available as yet, but they may occur at the U/sg C level.

  5. The influence of voxel size on atom probe tomography data.

    PubMed

    Torres, K L; Daniil, M; Willard, M A; Thompson, G B

    2011-05-01

    A methodology for determining the optimal voxel size for phase thresholding in nanostructured materials was developed using an atom simulator and a model system of a fixed two-phase composition and volume fraction. The voxel size range was banded by the atom count within each voxel. Some voxel edge lengths were found to be too large, resulting in an averaging of compositional fluctuations; others were too small with concomitant decreases in the signal-to-noise ratio for phase identification. The simulated methodology was then applied to the more complex experimentally determined data set collected from a (Co(0.95)Fe(0.05))(88)Zr(6)Hf(1)B(4)Cu(1) two-phase nanocomposite alloy to validate the approach. In this alloy, Zr and Hf segregated to an intergranular amorphous phase while Fe preferentially segregated to a crystalline phase during the isothermal annealing step that promoted primary crystallization. The atom probe data analysis of the volume fraction was compared to transmission electron microscopy (TEM) dark-field imaging analysis and a lever rule analysis of the volume fraction within the amorphous and crystalline phases of the ribbon. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  6. Observation and characterization of the smallest borospherene, B{sub 28}{sup −} and B{sub 28}

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Wang, Ying-Jin; Chen, Qiang; You, Xue-Rui

    2016-02-14

    Free-standing boron nanocages or borospherenes have been observed recently for B{sub 40}{sup −} and B{sub 40}. There is evidence that a family of borospherenes may exist. However, the smallest borospherene is still not known. Here, we report experimental and computational evidence of a seashell-like borospherene cage for B{sub 28}{sup −} and B{sub 28}. Photoelectron spectrum of B{sub 28}{sup −} indicated contributions from different isomers. Theoretical calculations showed that the seashell-like B{sub 28}{sup −} borospherene is competing for the global minimum with a planar isomer and it is shown to be present in the cluster beam, contributing to the observed photoelectronmore » spectrum. The seashell structure is found to be the global minimum for neutral B{sub 28} and the B{sub 28}{sup −} cage represents the smallest borospherene observed to date. It is composed of two triangular close-packed B{sub 15} sheets, interconnected via the three corners by sharing two boron atoms. The B{sub 28} borospherene was found to obey the 2(n + 1){sup 2} electron-counting rule for spherical aromaticity.« less

  7. Can Baird's and Clar's Rules Combined Explain Triplet State Energies of Polycyclic Conjugated Hydrocarbons with Fused 4nπ- and (4n + 2)π-Rings?

    PubMed

    Ayub, Rabia; Bakouri, Ouissam El; Jorner, Kjell; Solà, Miquel; Ottosson, Henrik

    2017-06-16

    Compounds that can be labeled as "aromatic chameleons" are π-conjugated compounds that are able to adjust their π-electron distributions so as to comply with the different rules of aromaticity in different electronic states. We used quantum chemical calculations to explore how the fusion of benzene rings onto aromatic chameleonic units represented by biphenylene, dibenzocyclooctatetraene, and dibenzo[a,e]pentalene modifies the first triplet excited states (T 1 ) of the compounds. Decreases in T 1 energies are observed when going from isomers with linear connectivity of the fused benzene rings to those with cis- or trans-bent connectivities. The T 1 energies decreased down to those of the parent (isolated) 4nπ-electron units. Simultaneously, we observe an increased influence of triplet state aromaticity of the central 4n ring as given by Baird's rule and evidenced by geometric, magnetic, and electron density based aromaticity indices (HOMA, NICS-XY, ACID, and FLU). Because of an influence of triplet state aromaticity in the central 4nπ-electron units, the most stabilized compounds retain the triplet excitation in Baird π-quartets or octets, enabling the outer benzene rings to adapt closed-shell singlet Clar π-sextet character. Interestingly, the T 1 energies go down as the total number of aromatic cycles within a molecule in the T 1 state increases.

  8. 77 FR 54464 - Eliminating the Prohibition Against General Solicitation and General Advertising in Rule 506 and...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-09-05

    ... will post all comments on the Commission's Internet Web site ( http://www.sec.gov/rules/proposed.shtml..., Release No. 33-7233 (Oct. 6, 1995) [60 FR 53458] at Ex. 20; Use of Electronic Media, Release No. 33-7856...

  9. 'Ten Golden Rules' for Designing Software in Medical Education: Results from a Formative Evaluation of DIALOG.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Jha, Vikram; Duffy, Sean

    2002-01-01

    Reports the results of an evaluation of Distance Interactive Learning in Obstetrics and Gynecology (DIALOG) which is an electronic program for continuing education. Presents 10 golden rules for designing software for medical practitioners. (Contains 26 references.) (Author/YDS)

  10. 77 FR 47303 - Atlantic Highly Migratory Species; Electronic Dealer Reporting Requirements

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-08-08

    ...), Commerce. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This final rule will require that Federal Atlantic swordfish, shark, and tuna dealers report receipt of Atlantic sharks, swordfish, and bigeye, albacore, skipjack, and... commercially-harvested Atlantic sharks, swordfish, and BAYS tunas. Any delinquent reports will need to be...

  11. 78 FR 77121 - Cross-Media Electronic Reporting: Authorized Program Revision Approval, State of New York

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-12-20

    ... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY [FRL-9904-29-OEI] Cross-Media Electronic Reporting: Authorized Program Revision Approval, State of New York AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ACTION: Notice... INFORMATION: On October 13, 2005, the final Cross-Media Electronic Reporting Rule (CROMERR) was published in...

  12. 17 CFR 232.405 - Interactive Data File submissions and postings.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... COMMISSION REGULATION S-T-GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS FOR ELECTRONIC FILINGS Xbrl-Related Documents § 232... this section; or (ii) If the electronic filer is not an open-end management investment company...) If the electronic filer is an open-end management investment company registered under the Investment...

  13. 17 CFR 232.405 - Interactive Data File submissions and postings.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... COMMISSION REGULATION S-T-GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS FOR ELECTRONIC FILINGS Xbrl-Related Documents § 232... this section; or (ii) If the electronic filer is not an open-end management investment company...) If the electronic filer is an open-end management investment company registered under the Investment...

  14. 76 FR 708 - Electronic Funds Transfer of Depository Taxes; Correction

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-01-06

    ... DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY Internal Revenue Service 26 CFR Parts 1, 31, 40, and 301 [TD 9507] RIN 1545-BJ13 Electronic Funds Transfer of Depository Taxes; Correction AGENCY: Internal Revenue Service... Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT). The temporary and final regulations provide rules under which depositors...

  15. 12 CFR 617.7005 - When may electronic communications be used in the borrower rights process?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... borrower rights process? Qualified lenders may use, with the parties' agreement, electronic commerce (E-commerce), including electronic communications for borrower rights disclosures. Part 609 of this chapter addresses when a qualified lender may use E-commerce. Consistent with these rules, a qualified lender should...

  16. 12 CFR 617.7005 - When may electronic communications be used in the borrower rights process?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... borrower rights process? Qualified lenders may use, with the parties' agreement, electronic commerce (E-commerce), including electronic communications for borrower rights disclosures. Part 609 of this chapter addresses when a qualified lender may use E-commerce. Consistent with these rules, a qualified lender should...

  17. 12 CFR 617.7005 - When may electronic communications be used in the borrower rights process?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... borrower rights process? Qualified lenders may use, with the parties' agreement, electronic commerce (E-commerce), including electronic communications for borrower rights disclosures. Part 609 of this chapter addresses when a qualified lender may use E-commerce. Consistent with these rules, a qualified lender should...

  18. 12 CFR 617.7005 - When may electronic communications be used in the borrower rights process?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... borrower rights process? Qualified lenders may use, with the parties' agreement, electronic commerce (E-commerce), including electronic communications for borrower rights disclosures. Part 609 of this chapter addresses when a qualified lender may use E-commerce. Consistent with these rules, a qualified lender should...

  19. 12 CFR 617.7005 - When may electronic communications be used in the borrower rights process?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... borrower rights process? Qualified lenders may use, with the parties' agreement, electronic commerce (E-commerce), including electronic communications for borrower rights disclosures. Part 609 of this chapter addresses when a qualified lender may use E-commerce. Consistent with these rules, a qualified lender should...

  20. 19 CFR 181.93 - Submission of advance ruling requests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, or any court of appeal therefrom, or review by a judicial or... warrant and permit. Requests for special consideration made by telegram or electronic transmission will be... or electronic transmission. A telegram or electronic transmission must be followed up with a signed...

  1. 19 CFR 181.93 - Submission of advance ruling requests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, or any court of appeal therefrom, or review by a judicial or... warrant and permit. Requests for special consideration made by telegram or electronic transmission will be... or electronic transmission. A telegram or electronic transmission must be followed up with a signed...

  2. Learning of Alignment Rules between Concept Hierarchies

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ichise, Ryutaro; Takeda, Hideaki; Honiden, Shinichi

    With the rapid advances of information technology, we are acquiring much information than ever before. As a result, we need tools for organizing this data. Concept hierarchies such as ontologies and information categorizations are powerful and convenient methods for accomplishing this goal, which have gained wide spread acceptance. Although each concept hierarchy is useful, it is difficult to employ multiple concept hierarchies at the same time because it is hard to align their conceptual structures. This paper proposes a rule learning method that inputs information from a source concept hierarchy and finds suitable location for them in a target hierarchy. The key idea is to find the most similar categories in each hierarchy, where similarity is measured by the κ(kappa) statistic that counts instances belonging to both categories. In order to evaluate our method, we conducted experiments using two internet directories: Yahoo! and LYCOS. We map information instances from the source directory into the target directory, and show that our learned rules agree with a human-generated assignment 76% of the time.

  3. The Evolution of the Automated Continuous Evaluation System (ACES) for Personnel Security

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2013-11-12

    information. It applies business rules to the data, produces a report that flags issues of potential security concern, and electronically transmits...Form 86 (SF- 86) to check these data sources, verify what has been submitted, and collect more information. It applies business rules to the data...subject information. It applies business rules to analyze the data returned, produces a report that flags issues of potential security concern, and

  4. A SIRTF interdiciplinary scientist proposal

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Wright, E. L.

    1986-01-01

    Segal's chronometric cosmology provides an adequate fit to the radio source counts only for an unrealistic choice of spectral index. Since the typical observed spectral index of 0.75 gives a completely unacceptable X squared = 136 with 24 (or fewer) degrees of freedom, it is concluded that the actual Universe does not fit the chronometric model. Counts of ultraviolet excess quasistellar objects also show a steep N(S) curve that the chronometric cosmology cannot explain. Claims to the contrary by Segal, Loncaric, and Segal (1980) and Segal and Nicoll (1986) depend on a seemingly innocuous assumption that in fact destroys the power of the N(S) test. Even though the chronometric model gives a better fit that other non-evolving models it must be ruled out along with all non-evolving cosmologies.

  5. 47 CFR 61.13 - Scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES (CONTINUED) TARIFFS Rules for Electronic Filing § 61.13 Scope. (a) This applies to all tariff publications of carriers required to file... technical requirements of the Electronic Tariff Filing System. ...

  6. Convergent Validity of the Arab Teens Lifestyle Study (ATLS) Physical Activity Questionnaire

    PubMed Central

    Al-Hazzaa, Hazzaa M.; Al-Sobayel, Hana I.; Musaiger, Abdulrahman O.

    2011-01-01

    The Arab Teens Lifestyle Study (ATLS) is a multicenter project for assessing the lifestyle habits of Arab adolescents. This study reports on the convergent validity of the physical activity questionnaire used in ATLS against an electronic pedometer. Participants were 39 males and 36 females randomly selected from secondary schools, with a mean age of 16.1 ± 1.1 years. ATLS self-reported questionnaire was validated against the electronic pedometer for three consecutive weekdays. Mean steps counts were 6,866 ± 3,854 steps/day with no significant gender difference observed. Questionnaire results showed no significant gender differences in time spent on total or moderate-intensity activities. However, males spent significantly more time than females on vigorous-intensity activity. The correlation of steps counts with total time spent on all activities by the questionnaire was 0.369. Relationship of steps counts was higher with vigorous-intensity (r = 0.338) than with moderate-intensity activity (r = 0.265). Pedometer steps counts showed higher correlations with time spent on walking (r = 0.350) and jogging (r = 0.383) than with the time spent on other activities. Active participants, based on pedometer assessment, were also most active by the questionnaire. It appears that ATLS questionnaire is a valid instrument for assessing habitual physical activity among Arab adolescents. PMID:22016718

  7. Convergent validity of the Arab Teens Lifestyle Study (ATLS) physical activity questionnaire.

    PubMed

    Al-Hazzaa, Hazzaa M; Al-Sobayel, Hana I; Musaiger, Abdulrahman O

    2011-09-01

    The Arab Teens Lifestyle Study (ATLS) is a multicenter project for assessing the lifestyle habits of Arab adolescents. This study reports on the convergent validity of the physical activity questionnaire used in ATLS against an electronic pedometer. Participants were 39 males and 36 females randomly selected from secondary schools, with a mean age of 16.1 ± 1.1 years. ATLS self-reported questionnaire was validated against the electronic pedometer for three consecutive weekdays. Mean steps counts were 6,866 ± 3,854 steps/day with no significant gender difference observed. Questionnaire results showed no significant gender differences in time spent on total or moderate-intensity activities. However, males spent significantly more time than females on vigorous-intensity activity. The correlation of steps counts with total time spent on all activities by the questionnaire was 0.369. Relationship of steps counts was higher with vigorous-intensity (r = 0.338) than with moderate-intensity activity (r = 0.265). Pedometer steps counts showed higher correlations with time spent on walking (r = 0.350) and jogging (r = 0.383) than with the time spent on other activities. Active participants, based on pedometer assessment, were also most active by the questionnaire. It appears that ATLS questionnaire is a valid instrument for assessing habitual physical activity among Arab adolescents.

  8. 78 FR 29616 - Adoption of Updated EDGAR Filer Manual

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-05-21

    ... updated Filer Manual and the rule amendments is May 21, 2013. In accordance with the APA,\\7\\ we find that...-30515] Adoption of Updated EDGAR Filer Manual AGENCY: Securities and Exchange Commission. ACTION: Final... Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis, and Retrieval System (EDGAR) Filer Manual and related rules to reflect...

  9. 77 FR 15445 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc.; Notice of Filing...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-03-15

    ... Effectiveness of Proposed Rule Change To Amend Online Form NMA, the Standardized Membership Application Form... online Form NMA, the standardized membership application form applicants must file pursuant to NASD Rule...), each applicant for FINRA membership must complete and electronically file the standardized online Form...

  10. 77 FR 57566 - Announcement of Public Meeting on the Consumer Confidence Report (CCR) Rule Retrospective Review...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-09-18

    ... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY [EPA-HQ-OW-2012-0035; FRL-9730-7] Announcement of Public Meeting on the Consumer Confidence Report (CCR) Rule Retrospective Review and Request for Public Comment on Potential Approaches to Electronic Delivery of the CCR; Correction AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency...

  11. 76 FR 82279 - Electronic Delivery of Search Results From the United States Patent and Trademark Office to the...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-12-30

    ... 141 EPC and new Rule 70b EPC--utilisation scheme, OJ EPO 2010, 410. To assist U.S. applicants who... exemption under Rule 141(2) EPC from filing a copy of the search results--utilisation scheme, OJ EPO 2011...

  12. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Madanian, H.; Cravens, T. E.; Burch, J.

    The plasma environment near comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko (67P/CG) is dynamically affected by various factors, including the incident solar wind and outgassing from the nucleus. The Rosetta spacecraft MAGnetometer (MAG) instrument observations near perihelion showed crossing events into a magnetic field-free region at about 170 km from the nucleus in 2015 July at 1.26 au from the Sun. At each crossing, the magnitude of the magnetic field dropped by more than 20 nT to near zero. We compared the Ion and Electron Sensor (IES) electron differential flux energy spectrum inside and outside the crossing boundaries. The IES observations show a modest butmore » consistent drop in electron flux for energies between 40 eV and a few hundred eV at each cavity crossing event. This drop in the electron spectra might be due to the absence or attenuation of solar wind electrons inside the observed diamagnetic regions, which might or might not be a diamagnetic cavity. There is no apparent simple linear correlation between the electron count rate measured by the IES at different energies and the magnitude of the magnetic field, however; at all energies, the highest electron count rates are recorded at the highest magnetic field magnitudes. From model-data comparisons it seems that inside diamagnetic regions, pure coma photoelectrons are not sufficient to explain the observations and that a trapping mechanism and/or infused solar wind electrons are necessary to explain the observed electron fluxes.« less

  13. Development of a Photon Counting System for Differential Lidar Signal Detection

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Elsayed-Ali, Hani

    1997-01-01

    Photon counting has been chosen as a means to extend the detection range of current airborne DIAL ozone measurements. Lidar backscattered return signals from the on and off-line lasers experience a significant exponential decay. To extract further data from the decaying ozone return signals, photon counting will be used to measure the low light levels, thus extending the detection range. In this application, photon counting will extend signal measurement where the analog return signal is too weak. The current analog measurement range is limited to approximately 25 kilometers from an aircraft flying at 12 kilometers. Photon counting will be able to exceed the current measurement range so as to follow the mid-latitude model of ozone density as a function of height. This report describes the development of a photon counting system. The initial development phase begins with detailed evaluation of individual photomultiplier tubes. The PMT qualities investigated are noise count rates, single electron response peaks, voltage versus gain values, saturation effects, and output signal linearity. These evaluations are followed by analysis of two distinctive tube base gating schemes. The next phase is to construct and operate a photon counting system in a laboratory environment. The laboratory counting simulations are used to determine optimum discriminator setpoints and to continue further evaluations of PMT properties. The final step in the photon counting system evaluation process is the compiling of photon counting measurements on the existing ozone DIAL laser system.

  14. Levofloxacin-Induced Acute Immune-Mediated Thrombocytopenia of Rapid-Onset.

    PubMed

    Shih, Andrew W; Lam, Andy S; Warkentin, Theodore E

    2018-04-01

    Drug-induced immune thrombocytopenia (D-ITP) typically occurs after the patient has been receiving the implicated drug for at least 1 week, due to newly forming drug-dependent antibodies ("typical-onset" D-ITP). A "rapid-onset" form of D-ITP can occur when previous sensitization has occurred, where antibodies have thus already been formed, and a precipitous platelet count fall occurs upon reexposure. Typical-onset D-ITP has been reported after levofloxacin, but the rapid-onset form with a well-documented previous exposure has not been described. We report a 76-year-old male treated with levofloxacin for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. After a single 750 mg oral dose of levofloxacin, his platelet count fell from 187 to 5 × 10 9 /L (nadir) over 4 days. Other causes of thrombocytopenia were ruled out. He had received a previous course of levofloxacin 6 months earlier. Discontinuation of levofloxacin and treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin and dexamethasone resulted in platelet count recovery. Levofloxacin-dependent antibodies were not detectable, consistent with the known low sensitivity of laboratory tests for drug-dependent antibodies, presumably indicating antibodies against levofloxacin metabolites, as is indirectly supported by the abrupt but relatively slow platelet count decline observed. This case illustrates a rapid-onset presentation of levofloxacin-induced D-ITP in the setting of previous drug exposure.

  15. Some effects of electron channeling on electron energy loss spectroscopy.

    PubMed

    Kirkland, Earl J

    2005-02-01

    As an electron beam (of order 100 keV) travels through a crystalline solid it can be channeled down a zone axis of the crystal to form a channeling peak centered on the atomic columns. The channeling peak can be similar in size to the outer atomic orbitals. Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) measures the losses that the electron experiences as it passes through the solid yielding information about the unoccupied density of states in the solid. The interaction matrix element for this process typically produces dipole selection rules for small angle scattering. In this paper, a theoretical calculation of the EELS cross section in the presence of strong channeling is performed for the silicon L23 edge. The presence of channeling is found to alter both the intensity and selection rules for this EELS signal as a function of depth in the solid. At some depths in the specimen small but significant non-dipole transition components can be produced, which may influence measurements of the density of states in solids.

  16. 75 FR 6770 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness of Proposed Rule...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-02-10

    ... interface with AUTOM via an Exchange approved proprietary electronic quoting device in eligible options to... to generate and submit option quotations electronically through AUTOM in eligible options to which...

  17. Who Needs Lewis Structures to Get VSEPR Geometries?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Lindmark, Alan F.

    2010-01-01

    Teaching the VSEPR (valence shell electron-pair repulsion) model can be a tedious process. Traditionally, Lewis structures are drawn and the number of "electron clouds" (groups) around the central atom are counted and related to the standard VSEPR table of possible geometries. A simpler method to deduce the VSEPR structure without first drawing…

  18. Electron multiplier-ion detector system

    DOEpatents

    Dietz, L.A.

    1975-08-01

    This patent relates to an improved ion detector for use in mass spectrometers for pulse counting signal ions which may have a positive or a negative charge. The invention combines a novel electron multiplier with a scintillator type of ion detector. It is a high vacuum, high voltage device intended for use in ion microprobe mass spectrometers. (auth)

  19. Techniques for the correction of topographical effects in scanning Auger electron microscopy

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Prutton, M.; Larson, L. A.; Poppa, H.

    1983-01-01

    A number of ratioing methods for correcting Auger images and linescans for topographical contrast are tested using anisotropically etched silicon substrates covered with Au or Ag. Thirteen well-defined angles of incidence are present on each polyhedron produced on the Si by this etching. If N1 electrons are counted at the energy of an Auger peak and N2 are counted in the background above the peak, then N1, N1 - N2, (N1 - N2)/(N1 + N2) are measured and compared as methods of eliminating topographical contrast. The latter method gives the best compensation but can be further improved by using a measurement of the sample absorption current. Various other improvements are discussed.

  20. Three-dimensional reconstruction of glycosomes in trypanosomatids of the genus Phytomonas.

    PubMed

    Attias, M; de Souza, W

    1995-02-01

    Computer aided three dimensional (3-D) reconstruction of cells from two isolates of protozoa of the genus Phytomonas, trypanosomatids found in plants, were made from 0.3 microm thick sections, imaged on a Zeiss 902 electron microscope with a energy filter for in ellastically scattered electrons, in order to obtain information about glycosomal shape diversity. Direct counts of peroxisomes (glycosomes) from Phytomonas sp. from Chamaesyce thymifolia indicated that there were fewer glycosomes per cell than the simple count of ultrathin section profiles would suggest and that these organelles could be long and branched. On the other hand, the stacked glycosomes observed in the isolate from Euphorbia characias were small individual structures and no connection was seen between them.

  1. The effect of microchannel plate gain depression on PAPA photon counting cameras

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sams, Bruce J., III

    1991-03-01

    PAPA (precision analog photon address) cameras are photon counting imagers which employ microchannel plates (MCPs) for image intensification. They have been used extensively in astronomical speckle imaging. The PAPA camera can produce artifacts when light incident on its MCP is highly concentrated. The effect is exacerbated by adjusting the strobe detection level too low, so that the camera accepts very small MCP pulses. The artifacts can occur even at low total count rates if the image has highly a concentrated bright spot. This paper describes how to optimize PAPA camera electronics, and describes six techniques which can avoid or minimize addressing errors.

  2. Single Photon Counting Performance and Noise Analysis of CMOS SPAD-Based Image Sensors.

    PubMed

    Dutton, Neale A W; Gyongy, Istvan; Parmesan, Luca; Henderson, Robert K

    2016-07-20

    SPAD-based solid state CMOS image sensors utilising analogue integrators have attained deep sub-electron read noise (DSERN) permitting single photon counting (SPC) imaging. A new method is proposed to determine the read noise in DSERN image sensors by evaluating the peak separation and width (PSW) of single photon peaks in a photon counting histogram (PCH). The technique is used to identify and analyse cumulative noise in analogue integrating SPC SPAD-based pixels. The DSERN of our SPAD image sensor is exploited to confirm recent multi-photon threshold quanta image sensor (QIS) theory. Finally, various single and multiple photon spatio-temporal oversampling techniques are reviewed.

  3. Electronic structures of elements according to ionization energies.

    PubMed

    Zadeh, Dariush H

    2017-11-28

    The electronic structures of elements in the periodic table were analyzed using available experimental ionization energies. Two new parameters were defined to carry out the study. The first parameter-apparent nuclear charge (ANC)-quantified the overall charge of the nucleus and inner electrons observed by an outer electron during the ionization process. This parameter was utilized to define a second parameter, which presented the shielding ability of an electron against the nuclear charge. This second parameter-electron shielding effect (ESE)-provided an insight into the electronic structure of atoms. This article avoids any sort of approximation, interpolation or extrapolation. First experimental ionization energies were used to obtain the two aforementioned parameters. The second parameter (ESE) was then graphed against the electron number of each element, and was used to read the corresponding electronic structure. The ESE showed spikes/peaks at the end of each electronic shell, providing insight into when an electronic shell closes and a new one starts. The electronic structures of elements in the periodic table were mapped using this methodology. These graphs did not show complete agreement with the previously known "Aufbau" filling rule. A new filling rule was suggested based on the present observations. Finally, a new way to organize elements in the periodic table is suggested. Two earlier topics of effective nuclear charge, and shielding factor were also briefly discussed and compared numerically to demonstrate the capability of the new approach.

  4. 14 CFR 1206.200 - Types of records to be made available.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... instructions regarding the scope and contents of all papers, reports, or examinations; (4) Substantive rules of... instructions to staff that affect a member of the public; (iv) Copies of all records, regardless of form or... electronically, through an electronic reading room and in electronic forms or formats. (ii) In connection with...

  5. Cracking the Code of Electronic Games: Some Lessons for Educators

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Alexander, Gadi; Eaton, Isabelle; Egan, Kieran

    2010-01-01

    Background/Context: Students' ready engagement in electronic games and the relative ease with which they sometimes learn complex rules have intrigued some educators and learning researchers. There has been growing interest in studying electronic gaming with the aim of trying to work out how learning principles that are evident in games can be…

  6. 76 FR 61937 - Practice and Procedure: Rules of General Application, Safeguards, Antidumping and Countervailing...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-10-06

    ... System Web site at https://edis.usitc.gov . Failure to comply with the requirements of this chapter and... Electronic Document Information System (EDIS) already accepts electronic filing of certain documents, and..., regardless of whether the electronic docketing system is operational. The ITC TLA makes a similar comment...

  7. 78 FR 32581 - Tobacco Products, User Fees, Requirements for the Submission of Data Needed To Calculate User...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-05-31

    .... DATES: Submit either electronic or written comments on the proposed rule by August 14, 2013. Submit... Budget (OMB) (see the ``Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995'' section of this document). Electronic Submissions Submit electronic comments in the following way: Federal eRulemaking Portal: http://www...

  8. 17 CFR 232.401 - XBRL-Related Document submissions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... REGULATION S-T-GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS FOR ELECTRONIC FILINGS Xbrl-Related Documents § 232.401 XBRL-Related Document submissions. (a) Only an electronic filer that is an investment company registered under... XBRL-Related Documents relate; or, if the electronic filer is eligible to file a Form 8-K (§ 249.308 of...

  9. 17 CFR 232.401 - XBRL-Related Document submissions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... REGULATION S-T-GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS FOR ELECTRONIC FILINGS Xbrl-Related Documents § 232.401 XBRL-Related Document submissions. (a) Only an electronic filer that is an investment company registered under... XBRL-Related Documents relate; or, if the electronic filer is eligible to file a Form 8-K (§ 249.308 of...

  10. 17 CFR 232.401 - XBRL-Related Document submissions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... REGULATION S-T-GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS FOR ELECTRONIC FILINGS Xbrl-Related Documents § 232.401 XBRL-Related Document submissions. (a) Only an electronic filer that is an investment company registered under... XBRL-Related Documents relate; or, if the electronic filer is eligible to file a Form 8-K (§ 249.308 of...

  11. 17 CFR 232.401 - XBRL-Related Document submissions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... REGULATION S-T-GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS FOR ELECTRONIC FILINGS Xbrl-Related Documents § 232.401 XBRL-Related Document submissions. (a) Only an electronic filer that is an investment company registered under... XBRL-Related Documents relate; or, if the electronic filer is eligible to file a Form 8-K (§ 249.308 of...

  12. 17 CFR 232.401 - XBRL-Related Document submissions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... REGULATION S-T-GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS FOR ELECTRONIC FILINGS Xbrl-Related Documents § 232.401 XBRL-Related Document submissions. (a) Only an electronic filer that is an investment company registered under... XBRL-Related Documents relate; or, if the electronic filer is eligible to file a Form 8-K (§ 249.308 of...

  13. Comparison of the test characteristics of procalcitonin to C-reactive protein and leukocytosis for the detection of serious bacterial infections in children presenting with fever without source: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

    PubMed

    Yo, Chia-Hung; Hsieh, Pei-Shan; Lee, Si-Huei; Wu, Jiunn-Yih; Chang, Shy-Shin; Tasi, Kuang-Chau; Lee, Chien-Chang

    2012-11-01

    We determine the usefulness of the procalcitonin for early identification of young children at risk for severe bacterial infection among those presenting with fever without source. The design was a systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic studies. Data sources were searches of MEDLINE and EMBASE in April 2011. Included were diagnostic studies that evaluated the diagnostic value of procalcitonin alone or compared with other laboratory markers, such as C-reactive protein or leukocyte count, to detect severe bacterial infection in children with fever without source who were aged between 7 days and 36 months. Eight studies were included (1,883 patients) for procalcitonin analysis, 6 (1,265 patients) for C-reactive protein analysis, and 7 (1,649 patients) for leukocyte analysis. The markers differed in their ability to predict serious bacterial infection: procalcitonin (odds ratio [OR] 10.6; 95% confidence interval [CI] 6.9 to 16.0), C-reactive protein (OR 9.83; 95% CI 7.05 to 13.7), and leukocytosis (OR 4.26; 95% CI 3.22 to 5.63). The random-effect model was used for procalcitonin analysis because heterogeneity across studies existed. Overall sensitivity was 0.83 (95% CI 0.70 to 0.91) for procalcitonin, 0.74 (95% CI 0.65 to 0.82) for C-reactive protein, and 0.58 (95% CI 0.49 to 0.67) for leukocyte count. Overall specificity was 0.69 (95% CI 0.59 to 0.85) for procalcitonin, 0.76 (95% CI 0.70 to 0.81) for C-reactive protein, and 0.73 (95% CI 0.67 to 0.77) for leukocyte count. Procalcitonin performs better than leukocyte count and C-reactive protein for detecting serious bacterial infection among children with fever without source. Considering the poor pooled positive likelihood ratio and acceptable pooled negative likelihood ratio, procalcitonin is better for ruling out serious bacterial infection than for ruling it in. Existing studies do not define how best to combine procalcitonin with other clinical information. Copyright © 2012. Published by Mosby, Inc.

  14. Theory and practice of uncommon molecular electronic configurations.

    PubMed

    Gryn'ova, Ganna; Coote, Michelle L; Corminboeuf, Clemence

    2015-01-01

    The electronic configuration of the molecule is the foundation of its structure and reactivity. The spin state is one of the key characteristics arising from the ordering of electrons within the molecule's set of orbitals. Organic molecules that have open-shell ground states and interesting physicochemical properties, particularly those influencing their spin alignment, are of immense interest within the up-and-coming field of molecular electronics. In this advanced review, we scrutinize various qualitative rules of orbital occupation and spin alignment, viz., the aufbau principle, Hund's multiplicity rule, and dynamic spin polarization concept, through the prism of quantum mechanics. While such rules hold in selected simple cases, in general the spin state of a system depends on a combination of electronic factors that include Coulomb and Pauli repulsion, nuclear attraction, kinetic energy, orbital relaxation, and static correlation. A number of fascinating chemical systems with spin states that fluctuate between triplet and open-shell singlet, and are responsive to irradiation, pH, and other external stimuli, are highlighted. In addition, we outline a range of organic molecules with intriguing non-aufbau orbital configurations. In such quasi-closed-shell systems, the singly occupied molecular orbital (SOMO) is energetically lower than one or more doubly occupied orbitals. As a result, the SOMO is not affected by electron attachment to or removal from the molecule, and the products of such redox processes are polyradicals. These peculiar species possess attractive conductive and magnetic properties, and a number of them that have already been developed into molecular electronics applications are highlighted in this review. WIREs Comput Mol Sci 2015, 5:440-459. doi: 10.1002/wcms.1233 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.

  15. Dead-time correction for high-throughput fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (Conference Presentation)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Enderlein, Joerg; Ruhlandt, Daja; Chithik, Anna; Ebrecht, René; Wouters, Fred S.; Gregor, Ingo

    2016-02-01

    Fluorescence lifetime microscopy has become an important method of bioimaging, allowing not only to record intensity and spectral, but also lifetime information across an image. One of the most widely used methods of FLIM is based on Time-Correlated Single Photon Counting (TCSPC). In TCSPC, one determines this curve by exciting molecules with a periodic train of short laser pulses, and then measuring the time delay between the first recorded fluorescence photon after each exciting laser pulse. An important technical detail of TCSPC measurements is the fact that the delay times between excitation laser pulses and resulting fluorescence photons are always measured between a laser pulse and the first fluorescence photon which is detected after that pulse. At high count rates, this leads to so-called pile-up: ``early'' photons eclipse long-delay photons, resulting in heavily skewed TCSPC histograms. To avoid pile-up, a rule of thumb is to perform TCSPC measurements at photon count rates which are at least hundred times smaller than the laser-pulse excitation rate. The downside of this approach is that the fluorescence-photon count-rate is restricted to a value below one hundredth of the laser-pulse excitation-rate, reducing the overall speed with which a fluorescence signal can be measured. We present a new data evaluation method which provides pile-up corrected fluorescence decay estimates from TCSPC measurements at high count rates, and we demonstrate our method on FLIM of fluorescently labeled cells.

  16. Mathematics learning disability in girls with Turner syndrome or fragile X syndrome.

    PubMed

    Murphy, Melissa M; Mazzocco, Michèle M M; Gerner, Gwendolyn; Henry, Anne E

    2006-07-01

    Two studies were carried out to examine the persistence (Study 1) and characteristics (Study 2) of mathematics learning disability (MLD) in girls with Turner syndrome or fragile X during the primary school years (ages 5-9 years). In Study 1, the rate of MLD for each syndrome group exceeded the rate observed in a grade-matched comparison group, although the likelihood of MLD persisting through the primary school years was comparable for all three groups. In Study 2, formal and informal math skills were compared across the syndrome groups, a normative group, and children from the normative group who had MLD. Few differences were observed between the Turner syndrome and normative groups. Despite having rote counting and number representation skills comparable to those in the normative group, girls with fragile X had difficulty with counting rules (e.g., cardinality, number constancy). However, this difficulty did not distingush them from the MLD group. Overall, counting skills appear to distinguish the Turner syndrome and fragile X groups, suggesting that the specificity of math deficits emerges earlier for fragile X than Turner syndrome.

  17. Geometry at the aliphatic tertiary carbon atom: computational and experimental test of the Walsh rule.

    PubMed

    Böhm, Stanislav; Exner, Otto

    2004-02-01

    The geometrical parameters of molecules of 2-substituted 2-methylpropanes and 1-substituted bicyclo[2.2.2]octanes were calculated at the B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) level. They agreed reasonably well with the mean crystallographic values retrieved from the Cambridge Structural Database for a set of diverse non-cyclic structures with a tertiary C atom. The angle deformations at this C atom produced by the immediately bonded substituent are also closely related to those observed previously in benzene mono derivatives (either as calculated or as derived from crystallographic data). The calculated geometrical parameters were used to test the classical Walsh rule: It is evidently true that an electron-attracting substituent increases the proportion of C-atom p-electrons in the bond to the substituent and leaves more s-electrons to the remaining bonds; as a consequence the C-C-C angles at a tertiary carbon are widened and the C-C bonds shortened. However, this rule describes only part of the reality since the bond angles and lengths are controlled by other factors as well, for instance by steric crowding. Another imperfection of the Walsh rule is that the sequence of substituents does not correspond to their electronegativities, as measured by any known scale; more probably it is connected with the inductive effect, but then only very roughly.

  18. Medicare and Medicaid programs; modifications to the Medicare and Medicaid Electronic Health Record (EHR) Incentive Program for 2014 and other changes to EHR Incentive Program; and health information technology: revision to the certified EHR technology definition and EHR certification changes related to standards. Final rule.

    PubMed

    2014-09-04

    This final rule changes the meaningful use stage timeline and the definition of certified electronic health record technology (CEHRT) to allow options in the use of CEHRT for the EHR reporting period in 2014. It also sets the requirements for reporting on meaningful use objectives and measures as well as clinical quality measure (CQM) reporting in 2014 for providers who use one of the CEHRT options finalized in this rule for their EHR reporting period in 2014. In addition, it finalizes revisions to the Medicare and Medicaid EHR Incentive Programs to adopt an alternate measure for the Stage 2 meaningful use objective for hospitals to provide structured electronic laboratory results to ambulatory providers; to correct the regulation text for the measures associated with the objective for hospitals to provide patients the ability to view online, download, and transmit information about a hospital admission; and to set a case number threshold exemption for CQM reporting applicable for eligible hospitals and critical access hospitals (CAHs) beginning with FY 2013. Finally, this rule finalizes the provisionally adopted replacement of the Data Element Catalog (DEC) and the Quality Reporting Document Architecture (QRDA) Category III standards with updated versions of these standards.

  19. Searching for the rules that govern hadron construction

    DOE PAGES

    Shepherd, Matthew R.; Dudek, Jozef J.; Mitchell, Ryan E.

    2016-06-22

    Just as quantum electrodynamics describes how electrons are bound in atoms by the electromagnetic force, mediated by the exchange of photons, quantum chromodynamics (QCD) describes how quarks are bound inside hadrons by the strong force, mediated by the exchange of gluons. QCD seems to allow hadrons constructed from increasingly many quarks to exist, just as atoms with increasing numbers of electrons exist, yet such complex constructions seemed, until recently, not to be present in nature. In this paper, we describe advances in the spectroscopy of mesons that are refining our understanding of the rules for predicting hadron structure from QCD.

  20. Assessing consumption of bioactive micro-particles by filter-feeding Asian carp

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Jensen, Nathan R.; Amberg, Jon J.; Luoma, James A.; Walleser, Liza R.; Gaikowski, Mark P.

    2012-01-01

    Silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (SVC) and bighead carp H. nobilis (BHC) have impacted waters in the US since their escape. Current chemical controls for aquatic nuisance species are non-selective. Development of a bioactive micro-particle that exploits filter-feeding habits of SVC or BHC could result in a new control tool. It is not fully understood if SVC or BHC will consume bioactive micro-particles. Two discrete trials were performed to: 1) evaluate if SVC and BHC consume the candidate micro-particle formulation; 2) determine what size they consume; 3) establish methods to evaluate consumption of filter-feeders for future experiments. Both SVC and BHC were exposed to small (50-100 μm) and large (150-200 μm) micro-particles in two 24-h trials. Particles in water were counted electronically and manually (microscopy). Particles on gill rakers were counted manually and intestinal tracts inspected for the presence of micro-particles. In Trial 1, both manual and electronic count data confirmed reductions of both size particles; SVC appeared to remove more small particles than large; more BHC consumed particles; SVC had fewer overall particles in their gill rakers than BHC. In Trial 2, electronic counts confirmed reductions of both size particles; both SVC and BHC consumed particles, yet more SVC consumed micro-particles compared to BHC. Of the fish that ate micro-particles, SVC consumed more than BHC. It is recommended to use multiple metrics to assess consumption of candidate micro-particles by filter-feeders when attempting to distinguish differential particle consumption. This study has implications for developing micro-particles for species-specific delivery of bioactive controls to help fisheries, provides some methods for further experiments with bioactive micro-particles, and may also have applications in aquaculture.

  1. A Next Generation Digital Counting System For Low-Level Tritium Studies (Project Report)

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Bowman, P.

    2016-10-03

    Since the early seventies, SRNL has pioneered low-level tritium analysis using various nuclear counting technologies and techniques. Since 1999, SRNL has successfully performed routine low-level tritium analyses with counting systems based on digital signal processor (DSP) modules developed in the late 1990s. Each of these counting systems are complex, unique to SRNL, and fully dedicated to performing routine tritium analyses of low-level environmental samples. It is time to modernize these systems due to a variety of issues including (1) age, (2) lack of direct replacement electronics modules and (3) advances in digital signal processing and computer technology. There has beenmore » considerable development in many areas associated with the enterprise of performing low-level tritium analyses. The objective of this LDRD project was to design, build, and demonstrate a Next Generation Tritium Counting System (NGTCS), while not disrupting the routine low-level tritium analyses underway in the facility on the legacy counting systems. The work involved (1) developing a test bed for building and testing new counting system hardware that does not interfere with our routine analyses, (2) testing a new counting system based on a modern state of the art DSP module, and (3) evolving the low-level tritium counter design to reflect the state of the science.« less

  2. HealthSouth's most wanted. Founder and former chairman and CEO Richard Scrushy is indicted for 85 counts of conspiracy, fraud and money laundering.

    PubMed

    Piotrowski, Julie

    2003-11-10

    Wake-up call for the industry or an isolated case of corporate chicanery? Healthcare experts are divided on the import of Richard Scrushy's indictment on 85 counts last week in connection with the financial scandal at HealthSouth Corp. The indictment alleges the company founder relied on electronic and telephone surveillance, threats and intimidation to control his accomplices.

  3. 78 FR 77354 - Procedural Rules To Permit Parties To File and Serve Documents Electronically

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-12-23

    ... by handwriting his or her signature. For documents filed by electronic transmission, a party may sign... transmission. A party or representative of the party shall sign a document by handwriting his signature. (2...

  4. A Prescription for List-Mode Data Processing Conventions

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Beddingfield, David H.; Swinhoe, Martyn Thomas; Huszti, Jozsef

    There are a variety of algorithmic approaches available to process list-mode pulse streams to produce multiplicity histograms for subsequent analysis. In the development of the INCC v6.0 code to include the processing of this data format, we have noted inconsistencies in the “processed time” between the various approaches. The processed time, tp, is the time interval over which the recorded pulses are analyzed to construct multiplicity histograms. This is the time interval that is used to convert measured counts into count rates. The observed inconsistencies in tp impact the reported count rate information and the determination of the error-values associatedmore » with the derived singles, doubles, and triples counting rates. This issue is particularly important in low count-rate environments. In this report we will present a prescription for the processing of list-mode counting data that produces values that are both correct and consistent with traditional shift-register technologies. It is our objective to define conventions for list mode data processing to ensure that the results are physically valid and numerically aligned with the results from shift-register electronics.« less

  5. Combined blood cell counting and classification with fluorochrome stains and flow instrumentation.

    PubMed

    Shapiro, H M; Schildkraut, E R; Curbelo, R; Laird, C W; Turner, B; Hirschfeld, T

    1976-01-01

    A multiparameter flow cytophotometer was used to count and classify fixed human blood cells fluorochromed with a mixture of ethidium bromide (EB), brilliant sulfaflavine and a blue fluorescent stilbene disulfonic acid derivative (LN). The system measures light scattered by the cells and absorption at 420 nm for all cells. In addition, nuclear EB fluorescence (540 leads to 610 nm) and cytoplasmic fluorescence from LN (366 leads to 470 nm), brilliant sulfaflavine (420 leads to 520 nm) and EB exicted by energy transfer from LN (366 leads to 610 nm) are measured for all nucleated cells. This information is sufficient to perform red and white blood cell counts and to classify leukocytes as lymphocytes, monocytes, basophils, eosinophils or neutrophils. Light scattering and/or nuclear and cytoplasmic fluorescence values may be further analyzed to obtain the ratio of immature to mature neutrophils. Counts produced by the system are in reasonable agreement with those obtained by electronic cells counting and examination of Wright's-stained blood smears; some discrepancies appear to be due to systematic errors in the manual counting method.

  6. Cross-vendor evaluation of key user-defined clinical decision support capabilities: a scenario-based assessment of certified electronic health records with guidelines for future development

    PubMed Central

    Wright, Adam; Sittig, Dean F

    2015-01-01

    Objective Clinical decision support (CDS) is essential for delivery of high-quality, cost-effective, and safe healthcare. The authors sought to evaluate the CDS capabilities across electronic health record (EHR) systems. Methods We evaluated the CDS implementation capabilities of 8 Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology Authorized Certification Body (ONC-ACB)-certified EHRs. Within each EHR, the authors attempted to implement 3 user-defined rules that utilized the various data and logic elements expected of typical EHRs and that represented clinically important evidenced-based care. The rules were: 1) if a patient has amiodarone on his or her active medication list and does not have a thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) result recorded in the last 12 months, suggest ordering a TSH; 2) if a patient has a hemoglobin A1c result >7% and does not have diabetes on his or her problem list, suggest adding diabetes to the problem list; and 3) if a patient has coronary artery disease on his or her problem list and does not have aspirin on the active medication list, suggest ordering aspirin. Results Most evaluated EHRs lacked some CDS capabilities; 5 EHRs were able to implement all 3 rules, and the remaining 3 EHRs were unable to implement any of the rules. One of these did not allow users to customize CDS rules at all. The most frequently found shortcomings included the inability to use laboratory test results in rules, limit rules by time, use advanced Boolean logic, perform actions from the alert interface, and adequately test rules. Conclusion Significant improvements in the EHR certification and implementation procedures are necessary. PMID:26104739

  7. Dual-energy imaging using a photon counting detector with electronic spectrum-splitting

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bornefalk, Hans; Lundqvist, Mats

    2006-03-01

    This paper presents a dual-energy imaging technique optimized for contrast-enhanced mammography using a photon counting detector. Each photon pulse is processed separately in the detector and the addition of an electronic threshold near the middle of the energy range of the x-ray spectrum allows discrimination of high and low energy photons. This effectively makes the detector energy sensitive, and allows the acquisition of high- and low-energy images simultaneously. These high- and low-energy images can be combined to dual-energy images where the anatomical clutter has been suppressed. By setting the electronic threshold close to 33.2 keV (the k-edge of iodine) the system is optimized for dual-energy contrast-enhanced imaging of breast tumors. Compared to other approaches, this method not only eliminates the need for separate exposures that might lead to motion artifacts, it also eliminates the otherwise deteriorating overlap between high- and low-energy spectra. We present phantom dual-energy images acquired on a prototype system to illustrate that the technique is already operational, albeit in its infancy. We also present a theoretical estimation of the potential gain in tumor signal-difference-to-noise ratio when using this electronic spectrum-splitting method as opposed to acquiring the high- and low-energy images separately with double exposures with separate x-ray spectra. Assuming ideal energy sensitive photon counting detectors, we arrive at the conclusion that the signal-difference-to-noise ratio could be increased by 145% at constant dose. We also illustrate our results on synthetic images.

  8. 75 FR 4603 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NASDAQ OMX BX, Inc.; Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-01-28

    ... Protection and Locked/ Crossed Market Plan (``Decentralized Plan'').\\6\\ In particular, the Commission...: Electronic Comments Use the Commission's Internet comment form ( http://www.sec.gov/rules/sro.shtml ); or... Commission will post all comments on the Commission's Internet Web site ( http://www.sec.gov/rules/sro.shtml...

  9. 77 FR 2575 - Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-01-18

    ... the records specified in Rule 17Ad-6 in an easily accessible place for a period of six months to six... agent). The retention period for the recordkeeping requirements under Rule 17Ad-6 is six months to one... records may be maintained using electronic, microfilm, and microfiche storage methods. These recordkeeping...

  10. 76 FR 65783 - Registration of Security-Based Swap Dealers and Major Security-Based Swap Participants

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-10-24

    ... Act Rules and Forms A. Registration Application and Amendment 1. Proposed Rule 15Fb2-1 i. Form of Application ii. Senior Officer Certification iii. Electronic Filing iv. Standards for Granting or Denying Applications v. Request for Comment on Additional Registration Considerations 2. Amendments to Application...

  11. 77 FR 38362 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Chicago Board Options Exchange, Incorporated; Notice of Filing and...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-06-27

    ... Effectiveness of a Proposed Rule Change To Increase the Class Quoting Limit for Options on Facebook June 21... Limit (``CQL'') for options on Facebook. The text of the proposed rule change is available on the... the Exchange recently began electronically trading options on Facebook, trading volume and TPH...

  12. 12 CFR 335.801 - Inapplicable SEC regulations; FDIC substituted regulations; additional information.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... a continuing hardship exemption under these rules may file the forms with the FDIC in paper format... these rules may file the appropriate forms with the FDIC in paper format. Instructions for continuing...) Previously filed exhibits, whether in paper or electronic format, may be incorporated by reference into an...

  13. 12 CFR 335.801 - Inapplicable SEC regulations; FDIC substituted regulations; additional information.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... a continuing hardship exemption under these rules may file the forms with the FDIC in paper format... these rules may file the appropriate forms with the FDIC in paper format. Instructions for continuing...) Previously filed exhibits, whether in paper or electronic format, may be incorporated by reference into an...

  14. 12 CFR 335.801 - Inapplicable SEC regulations; FDIC substituted regulations; additional information.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... a continuing hardship exemption under these rules may file the forms with the FDIC in paper format... these rules may file the appropriate forms with the FDIC in paper format. Instructions for continuing...) Previously filed exhibits, whether in paper or electronic format, may be incorporated by reference into an...

  15. 12 CFR 335.801 - Inapplicable SEC regulations; FDIC substituted regulations; additional information.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... a continuing hardship exemption under these rules may file the forms with the FDIC in paper format... these rules may file the appropriate forms with the FDIC in paper format. Instructions for continuing...) Previously filed exhibits, whether in paper or electronic format, may be incorporated by reference into an...

  16. 12 CFR 202.4 - General rules.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false General rules. 202.4 Section 202.4 Banks and Banking FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM EQUAL CREDIT OPPORTUNITY... by §§ 202.5 and 202.13, in a form the applicant may retain. (2) Disclosures in electronic form. The...

  17. 75 FR 61793 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc.; Order Approving...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-10-06

    ... to Amend FINRA Rule 8210 to Require Information Provided via Portable Media Device be Encrypted... to require that information provided via a portable media device pursuant to a request under the rule..., persons often provide information in electronic format using a portable media device such as a CD-ROM, DVD...

  18. The Intranet: A Unique Opportunity if...Three Golden Rules for Developing an Information Management Strategy through an Intranet.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Garvey, Alan

    1997-01-01

    Outlines three rules to help companies plan for and implement intranets: (1) adopt a long-term vision for corporate Intranet usage; (2) create a culture of information usage; and (3) recognize, adapt to and take advantage of the inherent qualities of electronic information. (AEF)

  19. 75 FR 17799 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness of Proposed Rule...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-04-07

    ... threatened physical danger, severe climatic conditions, civil unrest, terrorism, acts of war, or loss or... June 2008 and June 2009. Those memos described (among other things) the Exchange's various contingency... following methods: Electronic Comments Use the Commission's Internet comment form ( http://www.sec.gov/rules...

  20. 77 FR 57171 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Chicago Board Options Exchange, Incorporated; Notice of Filing of...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-09-17

    ... Change Relating to Complex Order Auctions September 11, 2012. Pursuant to Section 19(b)(1) of the... of the Proposed Rule Change The Exchange proposed to amend its Rules regarding complex order auctions... Exchange may activate the electronic complex order request for responses (``RFR'') auction (``COA''), which...

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