40 CFR 59.105 - Reporting requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Volatile Organic Compound Emission Standards for Automobile Refinish Coatings § 59.105 Reporting... 180 days of the date that the regulated entity first manufactures or imports automobile refinish... States that is producing, packaging, or importing automobile refinish coatings or coating components...

40 CFR 59.105 - Reporting requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Volatile Organic Compound Emission Standards for Automobile Refinish Coatings § 59.105 Reporting... 180 days of the date that the regulated entity first manufactures or imports automobile refinish... States that is producing, packaging, or importing automobile refinish coatings or coating components...

40 CFR 59.105 - Reporting requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Volatile Organic Compound Emission Standards for Automobile Refinish Coatings § 59.105 Reporting... 180 days of the date that the regulated entity first manufactures or imports automobile refinish... States that is producing, packaging, or importing automobile refinish coatings or coating components...

Magnetic properties and tunable magneto-caloric effect in La0.8Ce0.2Fe11.5-xCoxSi1.5C0.2 (x = 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7) compounds

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, Qiming; Wang, Xiangjie; Ding, Zan; Li, Lingwei

2018-05-01

The magnetic and magneto-caloric properties in the ternary elementals doped La0.8Ce0.2Fe11.5-xCoxSi1.5C0.2 (x = 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7) compounds were studied. With the increases of Co content x, the Curie temperature TC increases and the thermal hysteresis decreases. All the compounds undergo a second-order magnetic phase transition and exhibit a considerable reversible tunable magneto-caloric effect. The values of maximum magnetic entropy change (-ΔSMmax) and the Relative Cooling Power (RCP) are kept at same high level with different Co content. Under a magnetic field change of 0-5 T, the values of -ΔSMmax for La0.8Ce0.2Fe11.5-xCoxSi1.5C0.2 are 10.5, 10.7, and 9.8 J/kg K for x = 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7, respectively. The corresponding values of RCP are 267.1, 289.9, and 290.2 J/kg.

Influence of the anti-inflammatory compound flosulide on granulocyte function.

PubMed

Zimmerli, W; Sansano, S; Wiesenberg-Böttcher, I

1991-10-24

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) are involved in inflammatory reactions. It is thought that oxygen-derived free radicals released from activated PMN may participate in tissue damage during inflammation. We have shown that flosulide (6-(2,4-difluorophenoxy)-5-methylsulfonylamino-1-indanone ), a novel highly potent anti-inflammatory compound, inhibits superoxide production induced by N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (FMLP), C5a and PMA without impairing bacterial killing or chemotaxis. Flosulide (10(-5)-10(-7) M) was more potent in inhibiting the FMLP-induced respiratory burst of PMN than the structurally related compound nimesulide. FMLP-induced superoxide generation was also inhibited by two human flosulide metabolites. A good correlation between this in vitro effect and in vivo anti-inflammatory potency in rat adjuvant arthritis was found for flosulide and its metabolites. Indomethacin, piroxicam and ibuprofen did not inhibit the respiratory burst at 10(-5) M. FMLP receptor number was decreased by 36% in the presence of 10(-5) M flosulide. However, a 250-fold molar excess of flosulide could not displace labeled FMLP from the receptor. Inhibition of degranulation of primary and secondary granules was a common effect of all anti-inflammatory compounds tested. At a concentration of 10(-5) M, all drugs inhibited degranulation to about the same degree, independent of their in vivo anti-inflammatory activity.

Student Misconceptions in Writing Balanced Equations for Dissolving Ionic Compounds in Water

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Naah, Basil M.; Sanger, Michael J.

2012-01-01

The goal of this study was to identify student misconceptions and difficulties in writing symbolic-level balanced equations for dissolving ionic compounds in water. A sample of 105 college students were asked to provide balanced equations for dissolving four ionic compounds in water. Another 37 college students participated in semi-structured…

Anti-inflammatory and PPAR transactivational properties of flavonoids from the roots of Sophora flavescens.

PubMed

Quang, Tran Hong; Ngan, Nguyen Thi Thanh; Minh, Chau Van; Kiem, Phan Van; Tai, Bui Huu; Nhiem, Nguyen Xuan; Thao, Nguyen Phuong; Luyen, Bui Thi Thuy; Yang, Seo Young; Kim, Young Ho

2013-09-01

Anti-inflammatory and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) transactivational effects of nine compounds (1 - 9) from the roots of Sophora flavescens were evaluated using NF-κB-luciferase, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, peroxisome proliferator response element (PPRE)-luciferase, and GAL-4-PPAR chimera assays. Compounds 4 and 8 significantly inhibited TNFα-induced NF-κB transcriptional activity in HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner, with IC₅₀ values of 4.0 and 4.4 μM, respectively. Furthermore, the transcriptional inhibitory function of these compounds was confirmed by a decrease in cyclooxgenase 2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase gene expression levels in HepG2 cells. Compounds 1, 3, 5, 6, 8, and 9 significantly activated the transcription of PPARs in a dose-dependent manner, with EC₅₀ values ranging from 1.1 to 13.0 μM. Compounds 1, 3, 5, 6, 8, and 9 exhibited dose-dependent PPARα transactivational activity, with EC₅₀ values in a range of 0.9 - 16.0 μM. Compounds 1, 3, 8, and 9 also significantly upregulated PPARγ activity in a dose-dependent manner, with EC₅₀ values of 10.5, 6.6, 15.7, and 1.6 μM, whereas compounds 1, 8, and 9 demonstrated transactivational PPARβ(δ) effects with EC₅₀ values of 11.4, 10.3, and 1.5 μM, respectively. These results provide a scientific rationale for the use of the roots of S. flavescens and warrant further studies to develop new agents for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory and metabolic diseases. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Physiological role of phenolic biostimulants isolated from brown seaweed Ecklonia maxima on plant growth and development.

PubMed

Aremu, Adeyemi O; Masondo, Nqobile A; Rengasamy, Kannan R R; Amoo, Stephen O; Gruz, Jiří; Bíba, Ondřej; Šubrtová, Michaela; Pěnčík, Aleš; Novák, Ondřej; Doležal, Karel; Van Staden, Johannes

2015-06-01

Eckol, a major phenolic compound isolated from brown seaweed significantly enhanced the bulb size and bioactive compounds in greenhouse-grown Eucomis autumnalis. We investigated the effect of eckol and phloroglucinol (PG) (phenolic compounds) isolated from the brown seaweed, Ecklonia maxima (Osbeck) Papenfuss on the growth, phytochemical and auxin content in Eucomis autumnalis (Mill.) Chitt. The model plant is a popular medicinal species with increasing conservation concern. Eckol and PG were tested at 10(-5), 10(-6) and 10(-7) M using soil drench applications. After 4 months, growth parameters, phytochemical and auxin content were recorded. When compared to the control, eckol (10(-6) M) significantly improved bulb size, fresh weight and root production while the application of PG (10(-6) M) significantly increased the bulb numbers. However, both compounds had no significant stimulatory effect on aerial organs. Bioactive phytochemicals such as p-hydroxybenzoic and ferulic acids were significantly increased in eckol (10(-5) M) and PG (10(-6) M) treatments, compared to the control. Aerial (1,357 pmol/g DW) and underground (1,474 pmol/g DW) parts of eckol-treated (10(-5) M) plants yielded the highest concentration of indole-3-acetic acid. Overall, eckol and PG elicited a significant influence on the growth and physiological response in E. autumnalis. Considering the medicinal importance of E. autumnalis and the increasing strains on its wild populations, these compounds are potential tools to enhance their cultivation and growth.

Long interspersed element-1 is differentially regulated by food-borne carcinogens via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor

PubMed Central

Okudaira, N; Okamura, T; Tamura, M; Iijma, K; Goto, M; Matsunaga, A; Ochiai, M; Nakagama, H; Kano, S; Fujii-Kuriyama, Y; Ishizaka, Y

2013-01-01

A single human cell contains more than 5.0 × 105 copies of long interspersed element-1 (L1), 80–100 of which are competent for retrotransposition (L1-RTP). Recent observations have revealed the presence of de novo L1 insertions in various tumors, but little is known about its mechanism. Here, we found that 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) and 2-amino-3,8-dimethyl-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx), food-borne carcinogens that are present in broiled meats, induced L1-RTP. This induction was dependent on a cellular cascade comprising the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a mitogen-activated protein kinase, and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β. Notably, these compounds exhibited differential induction of L1-RTP. MeIQx-induced L1-RTP was dependent on AhR nuclear translocator 1 (ARNT1), a counterpart of AhR required for gene expression in response to environmental pollutants. By contrast, PhIP-induced L1-RTP did not require ARNT1 but was dependent on estrogen receptor α (ERα) and AhR repressor. In vivo studies using transgenic mice harboring the human L1 gene indicated that PhIP-induced L1-RTP was reproducibly detected in the mammary gland, which is a target organ of PhIP-induced carcinoma. Moreover, picomolar levels of each compound induced L1-RTP, which is comparable to the PhIP concentration detected in human breast milk. Data suggest that somatic cells possess machineries that induce L1-RTP in response to the carcinogenic compounds. Together with data showing that micromolar levels of heterocyclic amines (HCAs) were non-genotoxic, our observations indicate that L1-RTP by environmental compounds is a novel type of genomic instability, further suggesting that analysis of L1-RTP by HCAs is a novel approach to clarification of modes of carcinogenesis. PMID:23208499

Long interspersed element-1 is differentially regulated by food-borne carcinogens via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor.

PubMed

Okudaira, N; Okamura, T; Tamura, M; Iijma, K; Goto, M; Matsunaga, A; Ochiai, M; Nakagama, H; Kano, S; Fujii-Kuriyama, Y; Ishizaka, Y

2013-10-10

A single human cell contains more than 5.0 × 10(5) copies of long interspersed element-1 (L1), 80-100 of which are competent for retrotransposition (L1-RTP). Recent observations have revealed the presence of de novo L1 insertions in various tumors, but little is known about its mechanism. Here, we found that 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) and 2-amino-3,8-dimethyl-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx), food-borne carcinogens that are present in broiled meats, induced L1-RTP. This induction was dependent on a cellular cascade comprising the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a mitogen-activated protein kinase, and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β. Notably, these compounds exhibited differential induction of L1-RTP. MeIQx-induced L1-RTP was dependent on AhR nuclear translocator 1 (ARNT1), a counterpart of AhR required for gene expression in response to environmental pollutants. By contrast, PhIP-induced L1-RTP did not require ARNT1 but was dependent on estrogen receptor α (ERα) and AhR repressor. In vivo studies using transgenic mice harboring the human L1 gene indicated that PhIP-induced L1-RTP was reproducibly detected in the mammary gland, which is a target organ of PhIP-induced carcinoma. Moreover, picomolar levels of each compound induced L1-RTP, which is comparable to the PhIP concentration detected in human breast milk. Data suggest that somatic cells possess machineries that induce L1-RTP in response to the carcinogenic compounds. Together with data showing that micromolar levels of heterocyclic amines (HCAs) were non-genotoxic, our observations indicate that L1-RTP by environmental compounds is a novel type of genomic instability, further suggesting that analysis of L1-RTP by HCAs is a novel approach to clarification of modes of carcinogenesis.

Impact of androstane A- and D-ring inversion on 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3 inhibitory activity, androgenic effect and metabolic stability.

PubMed

Cortés-Benítez, Francisco; Roy, Jenny; Maltais, René; Poirier, Donald

2017-04-01

17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3 (17β-HSD3) is a major player in human endocrinology, being one of the most important enzymes involved in testosterone production. To capitalize on the discovery of RM-532-105, a steroidal 17β-HSD3 inhibitor, we explored the effect of its backbone configuration on inhibitory activity, androgenic profile, and metabolic stability. Two modifications that greatly alter the natural shape of steroids, i.e. inversion of the methyl on carbon 13 (13α-CH 3 instead of 13β-CH 3 ) and inversion of the hydrogen on carbon 5 (5β-H instead of 5α-H), were tested after the syntheses in 6 steps of 2 isomeric forms (5α/13α-RM-532-105 (6a) and 5β/13β-RM-532-105 (6b), respectively) of the 17β-HSD3 inhibitor RM-532-105 (5α/13β-configurations). For compound 6b, a cis/trans junction of the A/B rings did not significantly alter the inhibitory activity on 17β-HSD3 (IC 50 =0.15μM) as well as the liver microsomal stability (16.6% of 6b remaining after 1h incubation) compared to RM-532-105 (IC 50 =0.11μM and 14.1% remaining). In contrast, a trans/cis junction of C/D rings reduced the inhibitory activity on 17β-HSD3 (IC 50 =1.09μM) but increased the metabolic stability with 29.4% of compound 6a remaining after incubation. The structural modifications represented by compounds 6a and 6b did not change the non-androgenicity profile of an androsterone derivative such as RM-532-105, but slightly increased its cytotoxic activity. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Development and validation of real-time PCR screening methods for detection of cry1A.105 and cry2Ab2 genes in genetically modified organisms.

PubMed

Dinon, Andréia Z; Prins, Theo W; van Dijk, Jeroen P; Arisi, Ana Carolina M; Scholtens, Ingrid M J; Kok, Esther J

2011-05-01

Primers and probes were developed for the element-specific detection of cry1A.105 and cry2Ab2 genes, based on their DNA sequence as present in GM maize MON89034. Cry genes are present in many genetically modified (GM) plants and they are important targets for developing GMO element-specific detection methods. Element-specific methods can be of use to screen for the presence of GMOs in food and feed supply chains. Moreover, a combination of GMO elements may indicate the potential presence of unapproved GMOs (UGMs). Primer-probe combinations were evaluated in terms of specificity, efficiency and limit of detection. Except for specificity, the complete experiment was performed in 9 PCR runs, on 9 different days and by testing 8 DNA concentrations. The results showed a high specificity and efficiency for cry1A.105 and cry2Ab2 detection. The limit of detection was between 0.05 and 0.01 ng DNA per PCR reaction for both assays. These data confirm the applicability of these new primer-probe combinations for element detection that can contribute to the screening for GM and UGM crops in food and feed samples.

48 CFR 2845.105 - Records of Government property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Records of Government... MANAGEMENT GOVERNMENT PROPERTY General 2845.105 Records of Government property. If departmental elements maintain the Government's official property management records, the contract records may be kept as a...

48 CFR 2845.105 - Records of Government property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Records of Government... MANAGEMENT GOVERNMENT PROPERTY General 2845.105 Records of Government property. If departmental elements maintain the Government's official property management records, the contract records may be kept as a...

Synthesis, Crystal Chemistry, and Physical Properties of Ternary Intermetallic Compounds An2T2X( An=Pu, Am; X=ln, Sn; T=Co, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt, Rh)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pereira, L. C. J.; Wastin, F.; Winand, J. M.; Kanellakopoulos, B.; Rebizant, J.; Spirlet, J. C.; Almeida, M.

1997-11-01

The synthesis, structural, and physical characterization of nine new ternary intermetallic compounds belonging to the isostructural An2T2Xfamily with the transuranium Pu and Am elements, namely, Pu 2Ni 2In, Pu 2Pd 2In, Pu 2Pt 2In, Pu 2Rh 2In, Pu 2Ni 2Sn, Pu 2Pd 2Sn, Pu 2Pt 2Sn, Am 2Ni 2Sn, and Am 2Pd 2Sn, are reported. From these compounds only Pu 2Rh 2In, Am 2Ni 2Sn, and Am 2Pd 2Sn melt incongruently. All of these compounds crystallize in a tetragonal U 3Si 2-type structure, with the space group P4/ mbm, ( Z=2) as most of the U and Np 2-2-1 compounds already found. In this structure, Anatoms occupy the 4 h( x1, x1+0.5, 0.5), Tthe 4 g( x2, x2+0.5, 0), and Xthe 2 a(0, 0, 0) positions. The average values of x1and x2are, respectively, 0.17 and 0.37. Single-crystal X-ray data were refined to R/ RW=0.045/0.066, 0.043/0.072, 0.066/0.080, 0.070/0.098, 0.029/0.048, 0.055/0.080, 0.073/0.096, 0.048/0.086, 0.048/0.065 for Pu 2Ni 2In, Pu 2Pd 2In, Pu 2Pt 2In, Pu 2Rh 2In, Pu 2Ni 2Sn, Pu 2Pd 2Sn, Pu 2Pt 2Sn, Am 2Ni 2Sn, and Am 2Pd 2Sn, respectively, for seven variables. The variation of the lattice parameters and the range of stability of the 2-2-1 phase are discussed in terms of the substitution of different An(actinide), T(transition metal), and X( p-electron) elements in their crystal structure. The possible role of spin fluctuations in the low-temperature behavior of the Pu samples is indicated by magnetic and electrical resistivity measurements.

Trace elements contamination and human health risk assessment in drinking water from Shenzhen, China.

PubMed

Lu, Shao-You; Zhang, Hui-Min; Sojinu, Samuel O; Liu, Gui-Hua; Zhang, Jian-Qing; Ni, Hong-Gang

2015-01-01

The levels of seven essential trace elements (Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Se, and Mo) and six non-essential trace elements (Cr, As, Cd, Sb, Hg, and Pb) in a total of 89 drinking water samples collected in Shenzhen, China were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in the present study. Both the essential and non-essential trace elements were frequently detectable in the different kinds of drinking waters assessed. Remarkable temporal and spatial variations were observed among most of the trace elements in the tap water collected from two tap water treatment plants. Meanwhile, potential human health risk from these non-essential trace elements in the drinking water for local residents was also assessed. The median values of cancer risks associated with exposure to carcinogenic metals via drinking water consumption were estimated to be 6.1 × 10(-7), 2.1 × 10(-8), and 2.5 × 10(-7) for As, Cd, and Cr, respectively; the median values of incremental lifetime for non-cancer risks were estimated to be 6.1 × 10(-6), 4.4 × 10(-5), and 2.2 × 10(-5) for Hg, Pb, and Sb, respectively. The median value of total incremental lifetime health risk induced by the six non-essential trace elements for the population was 3.5 × 10(-5), indicating that the potential health risks from non-carcinogenic trace elements in drinking water also require some attention. Sensitivity analysis indicates that the most important factor for health risk assessment should be the levels of heavy metal in drinking water.

PINS chemical identification software

DOEpatents

Caffrey, Augustine J.; Krebs, Kennth M.

2004-09-14

An apparatus and method for identifying a chemical compound. A neutron source delivers neutrons into the chemical compound. The nuclei of chemical elements constituting the chemical compound emit gamma rays upon interaction with the neutrons. The gamma rays are characteristic of the chemical elements constituting the chemical compound. A spectrum of the gamma rays is generated having a detection count and an energy scale. The energy scale is calibrated by comparing peaks in the spectrum to energies of pre-selected chemical elements in the spectrum. A least-squares fit completes the calibration. The chemical elements constituting the chemical compound can be readily determined, which then allows for identification of the chemical compound.

41 CFR 105-62.103 - Access to GSA-originated materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Administration 62-DOCUMENT SECURITY AND DECLASSIFICATION 62.1-Classified Materials § 105-62.103 Access to GSA..., provided that: (1) A written determination is made by the Administrator of General Services that such... element having classification jurisdiction for such information or material makes a written determination...

5 CFR 831.105 - Computation of interest.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... thereafter, compounded annually, is charged. Interest is charged on the outstanding balance of a deposit from... outstanding balance of a refund from the date the refund was paid. Interest is charged to the date of deposit... Secretary of Treasury, compounded annually. Interest is charged on the outstanding balance of a deposit from...

Preclinical and first-in-human evaluation of PRX-105, a PEGylated, plant-derived, recombinant human acetylcholinesterase-R

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Atsmon, Jacob; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University; Brill-Almon, Einat

PRX-105 is a plant-derived recombinant version of the human ‘read-through’ acetylcholinesterase splice variant (AChE-R). Its active site structure is similar to that of the synaptic variant, and it displays the same affinity towards organophosphorus (OP) compounds. As such, PRX-105 may serve as a bio-scavenger for OP pesticides and chemical warfare agents. To assess its potential use in prophylaxis and treatment of OP poisoning we conducted several preliminary tests, reported in this paper. Intravenous (IV) PRX-105 was administered to mice either before or after exposure to an OP toxin. All mice who received an IV dose of 50 nmol/kg PRX-105, 2more » min before being exposed to 1.33 × LD{sub 50} and 1.5 × LD{sub 50} of toxin and 10 min after exposure to 1.5 × LD{sub 50} survived. The pharmacokinetic and toxicity profiles of PRX-105 were evaluated in mice and mini-pigs. Following single and multiple IV doses (50 to 200 mg/kg) no deaths occurred and no significant laboratory and histopathological changes were observed. The overall elimination half-life (t{sub ½}) in mice was 994 (± 173) min. Additionally, a first-in-human study, to assess the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of the compound, was conducted in healthy volunteers. The t{sub ½} in humans was substantially longer than in mice (average 26.7 h). Despite the small number of animals and human subjects who were assessed, the fact that PRX-105 exerts a protective and therapeutic effect following exposure to lethal doses of OP, its favorable safety profile and its relatively long half-life, renders it a promising candidate for treatment and prophylaxis against OP poisoning and warrants further investigation. - Highlights: • PRX-105 is a PEGylated plant-derived recombinant human acetylcholinesterase-R. • PRX-105 is a promising bio-scavenger for organophosphorous toxins at lethal doses. • PRX-105 was shown to protect animals both prophylactically and post-poisoning. • First-in-human study exhibited its safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics. • Toxicokinetic animal studies have shown a favorable safety profile.« less

Process for synthesizing compounds from elemental powders and product

DOEpatents

Rabin, B.H.; Wright, R.N.

1993-12-14

A process for synthesizing intermetallic compounds from elemental powders is described. The elemental powders are initially combined in a ratio which approximates the stoichiometric composition of the intermetallic compound. The mixed powders are then formed into a compact which is heat treated at a controlled rate of heating such that an exothermic reaction between the elements is initiated. The heat treatment may be performed under controlled conditions ranging from a vacuum (pressureless sintering) to compression (hot pressing) to produce a desired densification of the intermetallic compound. In a preferred form of the invention, elemental powders of Fe and Al are combined to form aluminide compounds of Fe[sub 3] Al and FeAl. 25 figures.

Process for synthesizing compounds from elemental powders and product

DOEpatents

Rabin, Barry H.; Wright, Richard N.

1993-01-01

A process for synthesizing intermetallic compounds from elemental powders. The elemental powders are initially combined in a ratio which approximates the stoichiometric composition of the intermetallic compound. The mixed powders are then formed into a compact which is heat treated at a controlled rate of heating such that an exothermic reaction between the elements is initiated. The heat treatment may be performed under controlled conditions ranging from a vacuum (pressureless sintering) to compression (hot pressing) to produce a desired densification of the intermetallic compound. In a preferred form of the invention, elemental powders of Fe and Al are combined to form aluminide compounds of Fe.sub.3 Al and FeAl.

Application of Purpald® for determination of 3-cyclohexene-1-carboxaldehyde and hydroxyisohexyl 3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde.

PubMed

Zakrzewski, Robert; Skowron, Monika; Rembisz, Zaneta; Ciesielski, Witold

2013-01-01

A spectrophotometric method for determination of 3-cyclohexene-1-carboxaldehyde and hydroxyisohexyl 3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde was developed. This procedure is based on the reaction of carbonyl compounds with the selective derivatization reagent Purpald® in alkaline solution. The product of reaction is a colored compound with maximum absorption at 538 nm. The linear relationship is in the range of (2.5-30) × 10-5 mol·l-1 for 3-cyclohexene-1-carboxaldehyde and (2.0-20) × 10-5 mol·l-1 for hydroxyisohexyl 3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde. The proposed method was successfully used for determination of hydroxyisohexyl 3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde in a cosmetic product.

Screening the efficient biological prospects of triazole allied mixed ligand metal complexes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Utthra, Ponnukalai Ponya; Kumaravel, Ganesan; Raman, Natarajan

2017-12-01

Triazole appended mixed ligand complexes (1-8) of the general formula [ML (bpy/phen)2]Cl2, where M = Cu(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II), L = triazole appended Schiff base (E)sbnd N-(4-nitrobenzylidene)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-amine and bpy/phen = 2,2‧-bipyridine/1,10-phenanthroline, have been synthesized. The design and synthesis of this elaborate ligand has been performed with the aim of increasing stability and conjugation of 1,2,4 triazole, whose Schiff base derivatives are known as biologically active compounds thereby exploring their DNA binding affinity and other biological applications. The compounds have been comprehensively characterized by elemental analysis, spectroscopic methods (IR, UV-Vis, EPR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy), ESI mass spectrometry and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The complexes were found to exhibit octahedral geometry. The complexes 1-8 were subjected to DNA binding techniques evaluated using UV-Vis absorption, CV, CD, Fluorescence spectroscopy and hydrodynamic measurements. Complex 5 showed a Kb value of 3.9 × 105 M-1. The DNA damaging efficacy for the complexes was observed to be high compared to the ligand. The antimicrobial screening of the compounds against bacterial and fungal strains indicates that the complexes possess excellent antimicrobial activity than the ligand. The overall biological activity of the complexes with phen as a co-ligand possessed superior potential than the ligand.

Synthesis, structure and electrochemical behavior of a 3D crystalline copper(II) metal-organic framework

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bai, Hong-Ye; Fan, Wei-Qiang; Liu, Chun-Bo; Shi, Wei-Dong; Yan, Yong-Sheng

2014-05-01

Using an flexible amide-type tripodal ligand N,N‧,N″-tris(3-pyridyl)-1,3,5-benzenetricarboxamide (L) and 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid (H2bdc), a three-dimensional copper(II) metal-organic framework (MOF) formulated as [Cu(bdc)(L)]n has been hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized by IR, elemental, X-ray single-crystal diffraction and thermal analysis. The complex crystallizes in the triclinic, space group P - 1, a = 8.891(2) Å, b = 11.760(2) Å, c = 15.348(3) Å, α = 96.73(3)°, β = 105.96(3)°, γ = 106.47(3)°, V = 1446.2(5) Å3, Mr = 666.10, Dc = 1.530 g/cm3, Z = 2, F(000) = 682, GOOF = 1.0560, μ(MoKα) = 0.817 mm-1, R = 0.0366 and wR = 0.0885. The structural analyses reveal that the title compound consists of one Cu(II) atom, two halves of bdc, and one L ligand. Each Cu(II) atom is linked by two bdc ligands and three L ligands to form a three-dimensional network. In addition, the electrochemical behavior of title compound has been studied. CCDC No. 990526.

Methods for synthesizing semiconductor quality chalcopyrite crystals for nonlinear optical and radiation detection applications and the like

DOEpatents

Stowe, Ashley; Burger, Arnold

2016-05-10

A method for synthesizing I-III-VI.sub.2 compounds, including: melting a Group III element; adding a Group I element to the melted Group III element at a rate that allows the Group I and Group III elements to react thereby providing a single phase I-III compound; and adding a Group VI element to the single phase I-III compound under heat, with mixing, and/or via vapor transport. The Group III element is melted at a temperature of between about 200 degrees C. and about 700 degrees C. Preferably, the Group I element consists of a neutron absorber and the group III element consists of In or Ga. The Group VI element and the single phase I-III compound are heated to a temperature of between about 700 degrees C. and about 1000 degrees C. Preferably, the Group VI element consists of S, Se, or Te. Optionally, the method also includes doping with a Group IV element activator.

Growth and characterization of chalcostibite CuSbSe2 thin films for photovoltaic application

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tiwari, Kunal J.; Vinod, Vijay; Subrahmanyam, A.; Malar, P.

2017-10-01

Bulk copper antimony selenide was synthesized using mechanical alloying from the elemental precursors. Phase formation in milled powders was studied using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy studies. The synthesized bulk source after cold compaction was used as source material for thin film deposition by e-beam evaporation. Thin film deposition was carried out at various e-beam current values (Ib ∼30, 40 and 50 mA) and at a substrate temperature of 200 °C. Near stoichiometric CuSbSe2 thin films were obtained for Ib values closer to 50 mA and post annealing at a temperature of 380 °C for 1 h. Thin films deposited using above conditions were found to exhibit an absorption coefficient (α) values of >105 cm-1 and a band gap value ∼1.18 eV that is closer to the reported band gap for CuSbSe2 compound.

Relationship between lysosomal membrane destabilization and chemical body burden in eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) from Galveston Bay, Texas, USA.

PubMed

Hwang, Hyun-Min; Wade, Terry L; Sericano, Jose L

2002-06-01

Lysosomal destabilization was measured by using hemocytes of eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) collected along a chemical concentration gradient in Galveston Bay, Texas, USA. Results of the lysosomal response were compared to concentrations of organic compounds and trace elements in oyster tissue. Concentrations (on a dry-wt basis) ranged from 288 to 2,390 ng/g for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 38 to 877 ng Sn/g for tri-n-butyltin (TBT), 60 to 562 ng/g for polyclorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and 7 to 71 ng/g for total DDT. Trace element concentrations (on a dry-wt basis) ranged from 1.1 to 4.0 microg/g for Cd, 105 to 229 microg/g for Cu, 212 to 868 microg/g for Al, and 1,200 to 8,180 microg/g for Zn. The percentage of destabilized lysosomes ranged from 34 to 81%. A significant positive correlation (p < 0.05) was observed between lysosomal destabilization and body burden of organic compounds (PAHs, PCBs, TBT, and chlorinated pesticides). No significant correlation was found between metal concentrations and lysosomal destabilization. Based on lysosomal destabilization, the study sites in Galveston Bay can be placed in one of three groups: healthy (Hanna Reef and Confederate Bay), moderately damaged (Offats Bayou and Todd's Dump), and highly damaged (Yacht Club and Ship Channel). Lysosomal destabilization that is consistent with toxic chemical body burdens supports previous observations that lysosomal membranes are damaged by toxic chemicals and indicates that this method can serve as an early screening tool to assess overall ecosystem health by using oysters.

Naphthalenemethyl ester derivative of dihydroxyhydrocinnamic acid, a component of cinnamon, increases glucose disposal by enhancing translocation of glucose transporter 4.

PubMed

Kim, W; Khil, L Y; Clark, R; Bok, S H; Kim, E E; Lee, S; Jun, H S; Yoon, J W

2006-10-01

Cinnamon extracts have anti-diabetic effects. Phenolic acids, including hydrocinnamic acids, were identified as major components of cinnamon extracts. Against this background we sought to develop a new anti-diabetic compound using derivatives of hydroxycinnamic acids purified from cinnamon. We purified hydroxycinnamic acids from cinnamon, synthesised a series of derivatives, and screened them for glucose transport activity in vitro. We then selected the compound with the highest glucose transport activity in epididymal adipocytes isolated from male Sprague-Dawley rats in vitro, tested it for glucose-lowering activity in vivo, and studied the mechanisms involved. A naphthalenemethyl ester of 3,4-dihydroxyhydrocinnamic acid (DHH105) showed the highest glucose transport activity in vitro. Treatment of streptozotocin-induced diabetic C57BL/6 mice and spontaneously diabetic ob/ob mice with DHH105 decreased blood glucose levels to near normoglycaemia. Further studies revealed that DHH105 increased the maximum speed of glucose transport and the translocation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4, now known as solute carrier family 2 [facilitated glucose transporter], member 4 [SLC2A4]) in adipocytes, resulting in increased glucose uptake. In addition, DHH105 enhanced phosphorylation of the insulin receptor-beta subunit and insulin receptor substrate-1 in adipocytes, both in vitro and in vivo. This resulted in the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and Akt/protein kinase B, contributing to the translocation of GLUT4 to the plasma membrane. We conclude that DHH105 lowers blood glucose levels through the enhancement of glucose transport, mediated by an increase in insulin-receptor signalling. DHH105 may be a valuable candidate for a new anti-diabetic drug.

A visual assay and spectrophotometric determination of LLM-105 explosive using detection of gold nanoparticle aggregation at two pH values.

PubMed

He, Yi; Cheng, Yang

2016-08-01

We report a simple, rapid, and sensitive assay for visual and spectrophotometric detection of the 2,6-diamino-3,5-dinitropyrazine-1-oxide (LLM-105) explosive. The assay is based on different interactions between LLM-105 and gold nanoparticle (AuNP) dispersions at two pH values, leading to the formation of dispersed or aggregated AuNPs. Two AuNP dispersions at two pH values were applied to recognize and detect LLM-105 instead of traditional AuNP dispersion under an aptotic pH to improve the anti-interference ability. The developed assay showed excellent sensitivity with a detection limit of 3 ng/mL, and the presence of as low as 0.2 μg/mL LLM-105 can be directly detected with the bare eye. This sensitivity is about six orders of magnitude higher than that of the reported traditional assays. Additionally, the assay exhibited good selectivity toward LLM-105 over other explosives, sulfur-containing compounds, and amines. Graphical abstract A simple, sensitive, and selective assay for LLM-105 was developed based on the pH-dependent interaction between the LLM-105 explosive and gold nanoparticle dispersion.

Performance benefits and limitations of a camera network

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Carr, Peter; Thomas, Paul J.; Hornsey, Richard

2005-06-01

Visual information is of vital significance to both animals and artificial systems. The majority of mammals rely on two images, each with a resolution of 107-108 'pixels' per image. At the other extreme are insect eyes where the field of view is segmented into 103-105 images, each comprising effectively one pixel/image. The great majority of artificial imaging systems lie nearer to the mammalian characteristics in this parameter space, although electronic compound eyes have been developed in this laboratory and elsewhere. If the definition of a vision system is expanded to include networks or swarms of sensor elements, then schools of fish, flocks of birds and ant or termite colonies occupy a region where the number of images and the pixels/image may be comparable. A useful system might then have 105 imagers, each with about 104-105 pixels. Artificial analogs to these situations include sensor webs, smart dust and co-ordinated robot clusters. As an extreme example, we might consider the collective vision system represented by the imminent existence of ~109 cellular telephones, each with a one-megapixel camera. Unoccupied regions in this resolution-segmentation parameter space suggest opportunities for innovative artificial sensor network systems. Essential for the full exploitation of these opportunities is the availability of custom CMOS image sensor chips whose characteristics can be tailored to the application. Key attributes of such a chip set might include integrated image processing and control, low cost, and low power. This paper compares selected experimentally determined system specifications for an inward-looking array of 12 cameras with the aid of a camera-network model developed to explore the tradeoff between camera resolution and the number of cameras.

40 CFR 419.56 - Standards of performance for new sources (NSPS).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Phenolic compounds 0.30 0.14 Ammonia as N 23.4 10.7 Sulfide 0.26 0.12 Total chromium 0.64 0.37 Hexavalent... COD 1 104.0 54.0 Oil and grease 4.5 2.4 Phenolic compounds 0.105 0.051 Ammonia as N 8.3 3.8 Sulfide 0...

Comparative proteomics and protein profile related to phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in germinated Oryza sativa 'KDML105' and Thai brown rice 'Mali Daeng' for better nutritional value.

PubMed

Maksup, Sarunyaporn; Pongpakpian, Sarintip; Roytrakul, Sittiruk; Cha-Um, Suriyan; Supaibulwatana, Kanyaratt

2018-01-01

Brown rice (BR) and germinated brown rice (GBR) are considered as prime sources of carbohydrate and bioactive compounds for more than half of the populations worldwide. Several studies have reported on the proteomics of BR and GBR; however, the proteomic profiles related to the synthesis of bioactive compounds are less well documented. In the present study, BR and GBR were used in a comparative analysis of the proteomic and bioactive compound profiles for two famous Thai rice varieties: Khao Dawk Mali 105 (KDML) and Mali Daeng (MD). The proteomes of KDML and MD revealed differences in the expression patterns of proteins after germination. Total phenolic compound content, anthocyanin contents and antioxidant activity of red rice MD was approximately 2.6-, 2.2- and 9.2-fold higher, respectively, compared to that of the white rice KDML. Moreover, GBR of MD showed higher total anthocyanin content and greater antioxidant activity, which is consistent with the increase expression of several proteins involved in the biosynthesis of phenolic compounds and protection against oxidative stress. Red rice MD exhibits higher nutrient values compared to white rice KDML and the appropriate germination of brown rice could represent a method for improving health-related benefits. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.

Pregnancy interceptive efficacy and biological profile of 3-amino-6,7-dimethoxy-1H-pyrazolo [3,4-b] quinoline (compound 85/83) in rodents.

PubMed

Mehrotra, P K; Shukla, R; Dwivedi, A; Srivastava, R P; Bhat, N; Seth, M; Bhaduri, A P; Kamboj, V P

1991-05-01

Administration of compound 85/83 during the peri- and post-implantation period intercepted pregnancy in hamster and guinea pig by parenteral route and in hamster by oral route also. The m.e.d. for hamster and guinea pig was 10 and 20 mg/kg, respectively; lower doses were less effective. Restricting the administration to early post-implantation schedule interrupted pregnancy partially in both species. The compound was, however, ineffective in rat and in the pre-implantation schedule (days 1-4 post-coitum) in hamster. When tested in vitro on growing trophoblasts at 13.8 x 10(-5) M concentration, it prevented growth and caused degeneration of the cells within 24 h; lower concentration (9.2 x 10(-5) M) was less effective. The compound was found to be devoid of estrogenic, antiestrogenic, progestational and antiprogestational properties in conventional bioassays. In hormone competition assays, its relative binding affinity (RBA) to estrogen receptor was negligible (0.002% of estradiol-17 beta), while for uterine cytosol progesterone receptors in rabbit and hamster was 0.06 and 0.08% of progesterone, respectively. The compound 85/83 appears to intercept pregnancy by interfering with development of trophoblast cells.

STS-105 Crew Training in VR Lab

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-03-15

JSC2001-00751 (15 March 2001) --- Astronaut Scott J. Horowitz, STS-105 mission commander, uses the virtual reality lab at the Johnson Space Center (JSC) to train for his duties aboard the Space Shuttle Discovery. This type of computer interface paired with virtual reality training hardware and software helps to prepare the entire team for dealing with International Space Station (ISS) elements.

STS-105 Crew Training in VR Lab

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-03-15

JSC2001-00758 (15 March 2001) --- Astronaut Frederick W. Sturckow, STS-105 pilot, uses the virtual reality lab at the Johnson Space Center (JSC) to train for his duties aboard the Space Shuttle Discovery. This type of computer interface paired with virtual reality training hardware and software helps to prepare the entire team for dealing with International Space Station (ISS) elements.

Synthesis and electrochemical characterization of Li 1.05RE xCr yMn 2- x- yO 4 spinel as cathode material for rechargeable Li-battery

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xie, Yanting; Yang, Rudong; Yan, Lan; Qi, Lu; Dai, Kehua; He, Ping

The spinel phases of Li 1.05RE xCr yMn 2- x- yO 4 (RE = Sc, Ce, Pr, Tb; 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.05; 0 ≤ y ≤ 0.1) were prepared by a soft chemical method. The structural and electrochemical properties of Li 1.05RE xCr yMn 2- x- yO 4 were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and charge-discharge experiments. Rare earth element-Sc and transition metal-Cr as co-substituents stabilize the spinel framework and improve charge-discharge performance. For Li 1.05Sc 0.01Cr 0.03Mn 1.96O 4, the capacity of the cell maintained 95% of the initial capacity at the 80th cycle. The rare earth elements of the variable valent metals such as Ce 3+/4+, Pr 3+/4+, Tb 3+/4+ with transition metal Cr 3+ as co-substituent do not stable framework of spinel or improve the cycling performance. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) were measured to provide clues for the improved cycling performance of cathode electrodes.

Oxide-based method of making compound semiconductor films and making related electronic devices

DOEpatents

Kapur, Vijay K.; Basol, Bulent M.; Leidholm, Craig R.; Roe, Robert A.

2000-01-01

A method for forming a compound film includes the steps of preparing a source material, depositing the source material on a base and forming a preparatory film from the source material, heating the preparatory film in a suitable atmosphere to form a precursor film, and providing suitable material to said precursor film to form the compound film. The source material includes oxide-containing particles including Group IB and IIIA elements. The precursor film includes non-oxide Group IB and IIIA elements. The compound film includes a Group IB-IIIA-VIA compound. The oxides may constitute greater than about 95 molar percent of the Group IB elements and greater than about 95 molar percent of the Group IIIA elements in the source material. Similarly, non-oxides may constitute greater than about 95 molar percent of the Group IB elements and greater than about 95 molar percent of the Group IIIA elements in the precursor film. The molar ratio of Group IB to Group IIIA elements in the source material may be greater than about 0.6 and less than about 1.0, or substantially greater that 1.0, in which case this ratio in the compound film may be reduced to greater than about 0.6 and less than about 1.0. The source material may be prepared as an ink from particles in powder form. The oxide-containing particles may include a dopant, as may the compound film. Compound films including a Group IIB-IVA-VA compound may be substituted using appropriate substitutions in the method. The method, also, is applicable to fabrication of solar cells and other electronic devices.

Moving beyond the van Krevelen Diagram: A New Stoichiometric Approach for Compound Classification in Organisms

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rivas-Ubach, Albert; Liu, Yina; Bianchi, Thomas S.

van Krevelen diagrams (O:C vs H:C ratios of elemental formulas) have been widely used in studies to obtain an estimation of the main compound categories present in environmental samples. However, the limits defining a specific compound category based solely on O:C and H:C ratios of elemental formulas have never been accurately listed or proposed to classify metabolites in biological samples. Furthermore, while O:C vs. H:C ratios of elemental formulas can provide an overview of the compound categories, such classification is inefficient because of the large overlap among different compound categories along both axes. We propose a more accurate compound classificationmore » for biological samples analyzed by high-resolution mass spectrometry-based on an assessment of the C:H:O:N:P stoichiometric ratios of over 130,000 elemental formulas of compounds classified in 6 main categories: lipids, peptides, amino-sugars, carbohydrates, nucleotides and phytochemical compounds (oxy-aromatic compounds). Our multidimensional stoichiometric compound classification (MSCC) constraints showed a highly accurate categorization of elemental formulas to the main compound categories in biological samples with over 98% of accuracy representing a substantial improvement over any classification based on the classic van Krevelen diagram. This method represents a significant step forward in environmental research, especially ecological stoichiometry and eco-metabolomics studies, by providing a novel and robust tool to further our understanding the ecosystem structure and function through the chemical characterization of different biological samples.« less

Photochemical degradation of Corexit components in ocean water.

PubMed

Glover, Caitlin M; Mezyk, Stephen P; Linden, Karl G; Rosario-Ortiz, Fernando L

2014-09-01

Due to the large quantities of dispersants used during the Deepwater Horizon spill in 2010, there were immediate concerns with regards to the fate and transport of the mixture in ocean waters. Direct and sensitized photolysis experiments were carried out for two compounds chosen as surrogates for the Corexit mixture (9500 and 9527) that were applied to surface waters during the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. The results showed that direct photolysis did not contribute significantly to the overall degradation (max ∼30%), therefore the focus shifted to sensitized photolysis, specifically the degradation stemming from the reaction rate with hydroxyl radical (HO). The direct photochemical degradation rates for two of the compounds, dioctyl sulfosuccinate (DOSS) and dipropylene glycol butyl ether (DGBE) were measured as 4.29×10(-6)s(-1) and 5.95×10(-6)s(-1), respectively; whereas the overall degradation rate in ocean water was 1.56×10(-5)s(-1) and 2.23×10(-5)s(-1). The formation rates and apparent quantum yields for HO formation were determined for six ocean water samples. The values ranged from 1.81×10(-5) near shore to 0.061×10(-5) for the open ocean. These degradation rates suggest the possibility for photolysis to play a role in the overall fate of Corexit. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Organochlorine compounds and trace elements in fish tissue and ancillary data for the Connecticut, Housatonic, and Thames river basins study unit, 1992-94

USGS Publications Warehouse

Coles, J.F.

1996-01-01

Concentrations of organochlorine compounds and trace elements were assayed in fish tissue collected from the Connecticut, Housatonic, and Thames River Basins Study Unit, 1992-94. These data were collected to determine the occurrence and distribution of organochlorine compounds and trace elements in the study unit. Ancillary data included are land-use categories by percentage of the sampling-site basins and the size, gender, and age of the individual fish collected for this study. Concentrations of 28 organochlorine compounds in composited whole fish samples were measured at 32 sites, and concentrations of 22 trace elements in composited fish liver samples were measured at 14 of the 32 sites. Most frequently detected organochlorines were DDT related compounds at 31 sites, total PCBs at 28 sites, and chlordane related compounds at 25 sites. Concentrations of total PCBs in fish tissue were generally higher at the large river sites than at the smaller tributary sites. Concentrations of chlordane-related compounds in fish tissue were higher at sites from more urbanized basins than at sites from predominately agriculture and forested basins. Concentrations of the DDT related compounds were undifferentiated among sites comprising different land uses. Trace elements detected at all 14 sites included boron, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, and zinc. Trace elements detected at 10 or more sites included arsenic, mercury, silver, strontium, and vanadium. Antimony, beryllium, and uranium were not detected at any site.

Method for producing nanocrystalline multicomponent and multiphase materials

DOEpatents

Eastman, Jeffrey A.; Rittner, Mindy N.; Youngdahl, Carl J.; Weertman, Julia R.

1998-01-01

A process for producing multi-component and multiphase nanophase materials is provided wherein a plurality of elements are vaporized in a controlled atmosphere, so as to facilitate thorough mixing, and then condensing and consolidating the elements. The invention also provides for a multicomponent and multiphase nanocrystalline material of specified elemental and phase composition having component grain sizes of between approximately 1 nm and 100 nm. This material is a single element in combination with a binary compound. In more specific embodiments, the single element in this material can be a transition metal element, a non-transition metal element, a semiconductor, or a semi-metal, and the binary compound in this material can be an intermetallic, an oxide, a nitride, a hydride, a chloride, or other compound.

Energy gap formation mechanism through the interference phenomena of electrons in face-centered cubic elements and compounds with the emphasis on half-Heusler and Heusler compounds

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mizutani, U.; Sato, H.

2018-05-01

Many face-centred cubic elements and compounds with the number of atoms per unit cell N equal to 8, 12 and 16 are known to be stabilised by forming either a band gap or a pseudogap at the Fermi level. They are conveniently expressed as cF8, cF12 and cF16, respectively, in the Pearson symbol. From the cF8 family, we worked on three tetravalent elements C (diamond), Si and Ge, SZn-type AsGa compound and NaCl-type compounds like BiLu, AsSc, etc. From the cF12 family, more than 80 compounds were selected, with a particular emphasis on ABC- and half-Heusler-type ternary equiatomic compounds. Among cF16 compounds, both the Heusler compounds ABC2 and Zintl compounds were studied. We revealed that, regardless of whether or not the transition metal (TM) and/or rare-earth (RE) elements are involved as constituent elements, the energy gap formation mechanism for cF8, cF12 and cF16 compounds can be universally discussed in terms of interference phenomenon of itinerant electrons with set of reciprocal lattice planes with ? = 8, 11 and 12, where ? refers to square of the critical reciprocal of lattice vector of an fcc lattice. The number of itinerant electrons per unit cell, e/uc, for all these band gap/pseudogap-bearing compounds is found to fall on a universal line called "3/2-power law" when plotted against ? on a logarithmic scale. This proves the validity of the fulfilment of the interference condition ? in conformity with other pseudogap compounds with different crystal symmetries and different sizes of the unit cell reported in literature.

Solid-phase extraction element based on epoxy polymer monolith for determination of polar organic compounds in aqueous media.

PubMed

Takahashi, Tadashi; Odagiri, Kayo; Watanabe, Atsushi; Watanabe, Chuichi; Kubo, Takuya; Hosoya, Ken

2011-10-01

A solid-phase extraction element based on epoxy polymer monolith was fabricated for sorptive enrichment of polar compounds from liquid and gaseous samples. After ultrasonication of the element in an aqueous solution for a given period of time, the thermal desorption (TD) using a pyrolyzer with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), in which TD temperature was programmed from 50 to 250 °C for the analytes absorbed in the element, was used to evaluate the element for basic extraction performance using the aqueous standard mixtures consisting of compounds having varied polarities such as hexanol, isoamyl acetate, linalool, furfural and decanoic acid, in concentrations ranging from 10 μg/L to 1 mg/L. Excellent linear relationships were observed for all compounds in the standard mixture, except decanoic acid. In the extraction of beverages such as red wine, the extraction element showed stronger adsorption characteristics for polar compounds such as alcohols and acids than a non-polar polydimethylsiloxane-based element. This feature is derived from the main polymer structure along with hydroxyl and amino groups present in the epoxy-based monolith polymer matrix. Copyright © 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Synthesis, structural characterization and luminescence properties of 1-carboxymethyl-3-ethylimidazolium chloride

DOE PAGES

Prodius, Denis; Wilk-Kozubek, Magdalena; Mudring, Anja -Verena

2018-05-08

A microcrystalline carboxyl-functionalized imidazolium chloride, namely 1-carboxymethyl-3-ethylimidazolium chloride, C 7H 11N 2O 2 +·Cl –, has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform IR spectroscopy (ATR-FT-IR), single-crystal X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis (TGA/DSC), and photoluminescence spectroscopy. In the crystal structure, cations and anions are linked by C—H...Cl and C—H...O hydrogen bonds to create a helix along the [010] direction. Adjacent helical chains are further interconnected through O—H...Cl and C—H...O hydrogen bonds to form a (101¯) layer. Finally, neighboring layers are joined together via C—H...Cl contacts to generate a three-dimensional supramolecular architecture. Thermal analyses reveal that themore » compound melts at 449.7 K and is stable up to 560.0 K under a dynamic air atmosphere. Photoluminescence measurements show that the compound exhibits a blue fluorescence and a green phosphorescence associated with spin-allowed ( 1π← 1π*) and spin-forbidden ( 1π← 3π*) transitions, respectively. As a result, the average luminescence lifetime was determined to be 1.40 ns for the short-lived ( 1π← 1π*) transition and 105 ms for the long-lived ( 1π← 3π*) transition.« less

Synthesis, structural characterization and luminescence properties of 1-carboxymethyl-3-ethylimidazolium chloride

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Prodius, Denis; Wilk-Kozubek, Magdalena; Mudring, Anja -Verena

A microcrystalline carboxyl-functionalized imidazolium chloride, namely 1-carboxymethyl-3-ethylimidazolium chloride, C 7H 11N 2O 2 +·Cl –, has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform IR spectroscopy (ATR-FT-IR), single-crystal X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis (TGA/DSC), and photoluminescence spectroscopy. In the crystal structure, cations and anions are linked by C—H...Cl and C—H...O hydrogen bonds to create a helix along the [010] direction. Adjacent helical chains are further interconnected through O—H...Cl and C—H...O hydrogen bonds to form a (101¯) layer. Finally, neighboring layers are joined together via C—H...Cl contacts to generate a three-dimensional supramolecular architecture. Thermal analyses reveal that themore » compound melts at 449.7 K and is stable up to 560.0 K under a dynamic air atmosphere. Photoluminescence measurements show that the compound exhibits a blue fluorescence and a green phosphorescence associated with spin-allowed ( 1π← 1π*) and spin-forbidden ( 1π← 3π*) transitions, respectively. As a result, the average luminescence lifetime was determined to be 1.40 ns for the short-lived ( 1π← 1π*) transition and 105 ms for the long-lived ( 1π← 3π*) transition.« less

Water-Soluble Phosphine-Protected Au₁₁ Clusters: Synthesis, Electronic Structure, and Chiral Phase Transfer in a Synergistic Fashion.

PubMed

Yao, Hiroshi; Iwatsu, Mana

2016-04-05

Synthesis of atomically precise, water-soluble phosphine-protected gold clusters is still currently limited probably due to a stability issue. We here present the synthesis, magic-number isolation, and exploration of the electronic structures as well as the asymmetric conversion of triphenylphosphine monosulfonate (TPPS)-protected gold clusters. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and elemental analysis result in the primary formation of Au11(TPPS)9Cl undecagold cluster compound. Magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectroscopy clarifies that extremely weak transitions are present in the low-energy region unresolved in the UV-vis absorption, which can be due to the Faraday B-terms based on the magnetically allowed transitions in the cluster. Asymmetric conversion without changing the nuclearity is remarkable by the chiral phase transfer in a synergistic fashion, which yields a rather small anisotropy factor (g-factor) of at most (2.5-7.0) × 10(-5). Quantum chemical calculations for model undecagold cluster compounds are then used to evaluate the optical and chiroptical responses induced by the chiral phase transfer. On this basis, we find that the Au core distortion is ignorable, and the chiral ion-pairing causes a slight increase in the CD response of the Au11 cluster.

Synthesis, structure and topological analysis of glycine templated highly stable cadmium sulfate framework: A New Lewis Acid catalyst

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Paul, Avijit Kumar

2018-04-01

One new open-framework two-dimensional layer, [Cd(NH3CH2COO)(SO4)], I, has been synthesized using amino acid as templating agent. Single crystal structural analysis shows that the compound crystallizes in monoclinic cell with non-centrosymmetric space group P21, a = 4.9513(1) Å, b = 7.9763(2) Å, c = 8.0967(2) Å, β = 105.917(1)° and V = 307.504(12) Å3. The compound has connectivity between the Cd-centers and the sulfate units forming a two-dimensional layer structure. Sulfate unit is coordinated to metal center with η3, μ4 mode possessing a coordination free oxygen atom. The zwitterionic form of glycine molecule is present in the structure bridging with two metal centers through μ2-mode by carboxylate oxygens. The topological analysis reveals that the two-dimensional network is formed with a novel 4- and 6-connected binodal net of (32,42,52)(34,44,54,63) topology. Although one end of the glycine molecule is free from coordination, the structure is highly stable up to 350 °C. Strong N-H⋯ O hydrogen bonding interactions play an important role in the stabilization and formation of three-dimensional supramolecular structure. The cyanosilylation of imines using the present compounds as heterogeneous catalyst indicates good catalytic behavior. The present study illustrates the usefulness of the amino acid for the structure building in less studied sulfate based framework materials as well as designing of new heterogeneous catalysts for the broad application. The compound has also been characterized through elemental analysis, PXRD, IR, SEM and TG-DT studies.

Method for producing nanocrystalline multicomponent and multiphase materials

DOEpatents

Eastman, J.A.; Rittner, M.N.; Youngdahl, C.J.; Weertman, J.R.

1998-03-17

A process for producing multi-component and multiphase nanophase materials is provided wherein a plurality of elements are vaporized in a controlled atmosphere, so as to facilitate thorough mixing, and then condensing and consolidating the elements. The invention also provides for a multicomponent and multiphase nanocrystalline material of specified elemental and phase composition having component grain sizes of between approximately 1 nm and 100 nm. This material is a single element in combination with a binary compound. In more specific embodiments, the single element in this material can be a transition metal element, a non-transition metal element, a semiconductor, or a semi-metal, and the binary compound in this material can be an intermetallic, an oxide, a nitride, a hydride, a chloride, or other compound. 6 figs.

Extraction, characterization and antioxidant activities of Se-enriched tea polysaccharides.

PubMed

Wang, Yuanfeng; Li, Yongfu; Liu, Yangyang; Chen, Xueqing; Wei, Xinlin

2015-01-01

Se-polysaccharides from Se-enriched tea leaves were purified by DEAE-sepharose fast flow gel column (2.5×60cm) and three polysaccharide fractions (Se-TPS1, Se-TPS2, and Se-TPS3) were isolated and purified with yields of 6.5, 37.14, and 8.57%, respectively. The average sizes of Se-TPS1 and Se-TPS2 were determined by HPGPC system, with molecular weights of 1.1×10(5) and 2.4×10(5)Da, respectively. Se-TPS3 was a polysaccharide polymer with two peaks with molecular weights of 9.2×10(5) and 2.5×10(5)Da. Monosaccharide components analysis by ion chromatography revealed Se-polysaccharides were acidic polysaccharoses and different from each other in monosaccharide kinds and molar ratio. Elements of Se, C, H, N, S, and 14 kinds of mineral elements were analyzed by AFS, EA, and ICP-AES, respectively. Spectral analysis (IR and UV) indicated Se-polysaccharides were typical glycoproteins. Morphological analyses of the samples were determined by SEM and AFM. In addition, the DPPH and superoxide radicals scavenging activities were also discussed to assess antioxidant activities of the samples, and Se-polysaccharides showed higher antioxidant activities compared to the ordinary polysaccharides. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Human Exposure and Health Effects of Inorganic and Elemental Mercury

PubMed Central

Zheng, Wei

2012-01-01

Mercury is a toxic and non-essential metal in the human body. Mercury is ubiquitously distributed in the environment, present in natural products, and exists extensively in items encountered in daily life. There are three forms of mercury, i.e., elemental (or metallic) mercury, inorganic mercury compounds, and organic mercury compounds. This review examines the toxicity of elemental mercury and inorganic mercury compounds. Inorganic mercury compounds are water soluble with a bioavailability of 7% to 15% after ingestion; they are also irritants and cause gastrointestinal symptoms. Upon entering the body, inorganic mercury compounds are accumulated mainly in the kidneys and produce kidney damage. In contrast, human exposure to elemental mercury is mainly by inhalation, followed by rapid absorption and distribution in all major organs. Elemental mercury from ingestion is poorly absorbed with a bioavailability of less than 0.01%. The primary target organs of elemental mercury are the brain and kidney. Elemental mercury is lipid soluble and can cross the blood-brain barrier, while inorganic mercury compounds are not lipid soluble, rendering them unable to cross the blood-brain barrier. Elemental mercury may also enter the brain from the nasal cavity through the olfactory pathway. The blood mercury is a useful biomarker after short-term and high-level exposure, whereas the urine mercury is the ideal biomarker for long-term exposure to both elemental and inorganic mercury, and also as a good indicator of body burden. This review discusses the common sources of mercury exposure, skin lightening products containing mercury and mercury release from dental amalgam filling, two issues that happen in daily life, bear significant public health importance, and yet undergo extensive debate on their safety. PMID:23230464

Human exposure and health effects of inorganic and elemental mercury.

PubMed

Park, Jung-Duck; Zheng, Wei

2012-11-01

Mercury is a toxic and non-essential metal in the human body. Mercury is ubiquitously distributed in the environment, present in natural products, and exists extensively in items encountered in daily life. There are three forms of mercury, i.e., elemental (or metallic) mercury, inorganic mercury compounds, and organic mercury compounds. This review examines the toxicity of elemental mercury and inorganic mercury compounds. Inorganic mercury compounds are water soluble with a bioavailability of 7% to 15% after ingestion; they are also irritants and cause gastrointestinal symptoms. Upon entering the body, inorganic mercury compounds are accumulated mainly in the kidneys and produce kidney damage. In contrast, human exposure to elemental mercury is mainly by inhalation, followed by rapid absorption and distribution in all major organs. Elemental mercury from ingestion is poorly absorbed with a bioavailability of less than 0.01%. The primary target organs of elemental mercury are the brain and kidney. Elemental mercury is lipid soluble and can cross the blood-brain barrier, while inorganic mercury compounds are not lipid soluble, rendering them unable to cross the blood-brain barrier. Elemental mercury may also enter the brain from the nasal cavity through the olfactory pathway. The blood mercury is a useful biomarker after short-term and high-level exposure, whereas the urine mercury is the ideal biomarker for long-term exposure to both elemental and inorganic mercury, and also as a good indicator of body burden. This review discusses the common sources of mercury exposure, skin lightening products containing mercury and mercury release from dental amalgam filling, two issues that happen in daily life, bear significant public health importance, and yet undergo extensive debate on their safety.

Halogens as tracers of protosolar nebula material in comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dhooghe, Frederik; De Keyser, Johan; Altwegg, Kathrin; Briois, Christelle; Balsiger, Hans; Berthelier, Jean-Jacques; Calmonte, Ursina; Cessateur, Gaël; Combi, Michael R.; Equeter, Eddy; Fiethe, Björn; Fray, Nicolas; Fuselier, Stephen; Gasc, Sébastien; Gibbons, Andrew; Gombosi, Tamas; Gunell, Herbert; Hässig, Myrtha; Hilchenbach, Martin; Le Roy, Léna; Maggiolo, Romain; Mall, Urs; Marty, Bernard; Neefs, Eddy; Rème, Henri; Rubin, Martin; Sémon, Thierry; Tzou, Chia-Yu; Wurz, Peter

2017-12-01

We report the first in situ detection of halogens in a cometary coma, that of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. Neutral gas mass spectra collected by the European Space Agency's Rosetta spacecraft during four periods of interest from the first comet encounter up to perihelion indicate that the main halogen-bearing compounds are HF, HCl and HBr. The bulk elemental abundances relative to oxygen are ∼8.9 × 10-5 for F/O, ∼1.2 × 10-4 for Cl/O and ∼2.5 × 10-6 for Br/O, for the volatile fraction of the comet. The cometary isotopic ratios for 37Cl/35Cl and 81Br/79Br match the Solar system values within the error margins. The observations point to an origin of the hydrogen halides in molecular cloud chemistry, with frozen hydrogen halides on dust grains, and a subsequent incorporation into comets as the cloud condensed and the Solar system formed.

Synthesis and characterization of thermally evaporated Cu2SnSe3 ternary semiconductor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hamdani, K.; Chaouche, M.; Benabdeslem, M.; Bechiri, L.; Benslim, N.; Amara, A.; Portier, X.; Bououdina, M.; Otmani, A.; Marie, P.

2014-11-01

Copper Tin Selenide (CuSnSe) powder was mechanically alloyed by high energy planetary ball milling, starting from elemental powders. Synthesis time and velocity have been optimized to produce Cu2SnSe3 materials. Thin films were prepared by thermal evaporation on Corning glass substrate at Ts = 300 °C. The structural, compositional, morphological and optical properties of the synthesized semiconductor have been analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy. The analyzed powder exhibited a cubic crystal structure, with the presence of Cu2Se as a secondary phase. On the other hand, the deposited films showed a cubic Cu2SnSe3 ternary phase and extra peaks belonging to some binary compounds. Furthermore, optical measurements showed that the deposited layers have a relatively high absorption coefficient of 105 cm-1 and present a band gap of 0.94 eV.

Requirement of Hsp105 in CoCl{sub 2}-induced HIF-1α accumulation and transcriptional activation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mikami, Hiroki; Saito, Youhei, E-mail: ysaito@mb.kyoto-phu.ac.jp; Okamoto, Namiko

The mammalian stress protein Hsp105α protects cells from stress conditions. Several studies have indicated that Hsp105α is overexpressed in many types of solid tumors, which contain hypoxic microenvironments. However, the role of Hsp105α in hypoxic tumors remains largely unknown. We herein demonstrated the involvement of Hsp105α in HIF-1 functions induced by the hypoxia-mimetic agent CoCl{sub 2}. While Hsp105α is mainly localized in the cytoplasm under normal conditions, a treatment with CoCl{sub 2} induces the nuclear localization of Hsp105α, which correlated with HIF-1α expression levels. The overexpression of degradation-resistant HIF-1α enhances the nuclear localization of Hsp105α without the CoCl{sub 2} treatment.more » The CoCl{sub 2}-dependent transcriptional activation of HIF-1, which is measured using a reporter gene containing a HIF-responsive element, is reduced by the knockdown of Hsp105α. Furthermore, the CoCl{sub 2}-induced accumulation of HIF-1α is enhanced by heat shock, which results in the nuclear localization of Hsp105, and is suppressed by the knockdown of Hsp105. Hsp105 associates with HIF-1α in CoCl{sub 2}-treated cells. These results suggest that Hsp105α plays an important role in the functions of HIF-1 under hypoxic conditions, in which Hsp105α enhances the accumulation and transcriptional activity of HIF-1 through the HIF-1α-mediated nuclear localization of Hsp105α. - Highlights: • Hsp105α is required for the CoCl{sub 2}-induced transcriptional activation and accumulation of HIF-1. • Hsp105α localizes to the nucleus and interacts with HIF-1α in CoCl{sub 2}-treated cells. • Hsp105 enhances the CoCl{sub 2}-induced accumulation of HIF-1α under heat shock conditions.« less

Surgical smoke may be a biohazard to surgeons performing laparoscopic surgery.

PubMed

Choi, Seock Hwan; Kwon, Tae Gyun; Chung, Sung Kwang; Kim, Tae-Hwan

2014-08-01

Surgical smoke production is inevitable during surgical procedures. Although many workplaces have adopted smoke-free environments, healthcare workers, especially surgeons, continue to be exposed to surgical smoke. From February 2013 to March 2013, a total of 20 patients underwent transperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma. A 5-L gas sample was collected 30 min after the electrocautery device was first used and was analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Cancer risk was calculated for carcinogenic compounds and hazard quotient was calculated for noncarcinogenic compounds using US Environmental Protection Agency guidelines. Twenty patients with a median age of 57.5 years were enrolled in the study. Eighteen volatile organic compounds were detected by Japanese indoor air standards mix analysis. The cancer risks were ethanol, 5.10 × 10(-5) ± 6.35 × 10(-5); 1,2-dichloroethane, 4.75 × 10(-3) ± 7.42 × 10(-4); benzene, 1.09 × 10(-3) ± 4.33 × 10(-4); ethylbenzene, 2.87 × 10(-5) ± 1.32 × 10(-5); and styrene, 2.94 × 10(-6) ± 1.16 × 10(-6). The hazard quotients were acetone, 1.88 × 10(-2) ± 7.63 × 10(-3); hexane, 1.48 × 10(-1) ± 8.70 × 10(-2); benzene, 4.66 ± 1.85; toluene, 2.61 × 10(-2) ± 7.23 × 10(-3); p-xylene, 1.81 × 10(-1) ± 6.45 × 10(-2); o-xylene, 2.40 × 10(-2) ± 3.33 × 10(-2); and styrene, 5.15 × 10(-3) ± 2.03 × 10(-3). For five carcinogenic compounds detected, the cancer risk was greater than negligible. For 1,2-dichloroethane and benzene, the risk was classified as unacceptable. Analysis of noncarcinogenic compounds showed that risk reduction measures are needed for benzene. Even though surgical smoke is not an immediate health hazard, operating room personnel should be aware of the potential long-term health risks associated with exposure.

Emergy Evaluations of the Global Biogeochemical Cycles of Six Biologically Active Elements and Two Compounds

EPA Science Inventory

Estimates of the emergy carried by the flows of biologically active elements (BAE) and compounds are needed to accurately evaluate the near and far field effects of anthropogenic wastes. The transformities and specific emergies of these elements and of their different chemical sp...

Evaluation of ADINA. Part I. Theory and Programing Descriptions.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-06-08

Problem," Numerical and Computer Methods in Structural Mechanics, S. J. Feaves, N. Pe-rone, J. Robinson and W.C. Schnobrich, eds., Academic Press, New...connectivity array N102 ’NDM*NlJME-ITW0 YL Element nodal coordinates N103 ---- NUME IELT Element number of nodes N104 NUME IPST Stress printing flag N105 NUME

Testing a Model of Diabetes Self-Care Management: A Causal Model Analysis with LISREL.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nowacek, George A.; And Others

1990-01-01

A diabetes-management model is presented, which includes an attitudinal element and depicts relationships among causal elements. LISREL-VI was used to analyze data from 115 Type-I and 105 Type-II patients. The data did not closely fit the model. Results support the importance of the personal meaning of diabetes. (TJH)

Water-quality assessment of the Rio Grande Valley, Colorado, New Mexico and Texas; organic compounds and trace elements in bed sediment and fish tissue, 1992-93

USGS Publications Warehouse

Carter, L.F.; Anderholm, S.K.

1997-01-01

The occurrence and distribution of contaminants in aquatic systems are major components of the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program. Bed-sediment samples were collected at 18 sites in the Rio Grande Valley study unit between September 1992 and March 1993 to characterize the geographic distribution of organic compounds, including chlorinated insecticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's), and other chlorinated hydrocarbons, and also trace elements. Two-millimeter-size- fraction sediment was analyzed for organic compounds and less than 63-micron-size-fraction sediment was analyzed for trace elements. Concentrations of p,p'-DDE were detected in 33 percent of the bed-sediment samples. With the exception of DDT-related compounds, no other organochlorine insecticides or polychlorinated biphenyls were detected in samples of bed sediment. Whole-body fish samples were collected at 11 of the bed- sediment sites and analyzed for organic compounds. Organic compounds were reported more frequently in samples of fish, and more types of organic compounds were found in whole-body fish samples than in bed-sediment samples. Concentrations of p,p'-DDE were detected in 91 percent of whole-body fish samples. Polychlorinated biphenyls, cis-chlordane, trans-chlordane, trans- nonachlor, and hexachlorobenzene were other organic compounds detected in whole-body samples of fish from at least one site. Because of the extent of mineralized areas in the Rio Grande Basin arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, mercury, selenium, and zinc concentrations in bed-sediment samples could represent natural conditions at most sites. However, a combination of natural conditions and human activities appears to be associated with elevated trace-element concentrations in the bed-sediment sample from the site Rio Grande near Creede, Colorado, because this sample exceeded the background trace-element concentrations calculated for this study. Fish-liver samples were collected at 12 of the bed-sediment sites and analyzed for trace elements. Certain trace elements were detected at higher concentrations in fish-liver samples than in bed-sediment samples from the same site. Both bed-sediment and fish-tissue samples are necessary for a complete environmental assessment of the occurrence and distribution of trace elements.

Development of Synthesis and Large Scale Production Technology for Ultrahigh Energy and Density Fluoro-Organic Compounds

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-12-01

M-I (H2C=CHSF5). To 3.5 g potassium hydroxide in 4 mL of water was added 10.5 mL of isopropanol in a 50 mL three-necked flask equipped with an...S- 5 2006 Ne Tech New Era Technology, Inc. 3720 NW 4 3rd Street, Suite 105, Gainesville, Florida 32606-6190, USA Final Report TITLE: Development of ...Senior Scientist, NeTech Research Institute (Subcontractor): University of Florida Dr. William R. Dolbier, Jr., P1 - University of Florida, Crow

Thermal neutron detector and gamma-ray spectrometer utilizing a single material

DOEpatents

Stowe, Ashley; Burger, Arnold; Lukosi, Eric

2017-05-02

A combined thermal neutron detector and gamma-ray spectrometer system, including: a detection medium including a lithium chalcopyrite crystal operable for detecting thermal neutrons in a semiconductor mode and gamma-rays in a scintillator mode; and a photodetector coupled to the detection medium also operable for detecting the gamma rays. Optionally, the detection medium includes a .sup.6LiInSe.sub.2 crystal. Optionally, the detection medium comprises a compound formed by the process of: melting a Group III element; adding a Group I element to the melted Group III element at a rate that allows the Group I and Group III elements to react thereby providing a single phase I-III compound; and adding a Group VI element to the single phase I-III compound and heating; wherein the Group I element includes lithium.

Boiler-turbine life extension

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Natzkov, S.; Nikolov, M.

1995-12-01

The design life of the main power equipment-boilers and turbines is about 105 working hours. The possibilities for life extension are after normatively regulated control tests. The diagnostics and methodology for Boilers and Turbines Elements Remaining Life Assessment using up to date computer programs, destructive and nondestructive control of metal of key elements of units equipment, metal creep and low cycle fatigue calculations. As well as data for most common damages and some technical decisions for elements life extension are presented.

A comparison of the structural strength between fiberglass and jute fiber in the Acehnese Traditional Boat Jalo Kayoh using finite element method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Akram; Hasanuddin, Iskandar; Nazaruddin; Syahril Anwar, M.; Zulfan; Ahmad, Norhafizan

2018-05-01

The Acehnese traditional boat, known as Jalo Kayoh, is a mean of transportation used by Acehnese fishermen. The main constituent of the boat is wood. However, due to the decline of high-quality wood supply and as a preventative measure of illegal logging, fiberglass and jute fiber are used instead of wood. This study compares the strength of the two materials using finite element method. The Jalo Kayoh model plan stands at 4m in length, 0.6 m in width, and 0.4 m in height. A 2500 N static load is applied to the surface, using a C3D10 quadratic tetrahedron 0.02 mesh. The result of the simulation to the fiberglass is a maximum displacement of 7.123 x 10-5m, while the jute fiber has a maximum displacement of 2.255 x 10-4 m. The maximum stress stands at 1.612 x 106 Pa for the fiberglass and 1.523 x 106 Pa for the jute fiber. The maximum strain occurs at 1.654 x 10-5 for the fiberglass and 4.581 x 10-5 for the jute fiber. To conclude, fiber glass has more stress 1.05 % and less strain 2.76 % than jute fiber and both the materials can sustain the load given.

Trace element geochemistry of volcanic gases and particles from 1983-1984 eruptive episodes of Kilauea Volcano

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Crowe, Bruce M.; Finnegan, David L.; Zoller, William H.; Boynton, William V.

1987-12-01

Compositional data have been obtained for volcanic gases and particles collected from fume emitted at the Pu'u O'o vent on the east rift zone of Kilauea volcano. The samples were collected by pumping fume through a filter pack system consisting of a front stage particulate filter followed by four base-treated filters (7LiOH). Particles and condensed phases are trapped on the particulate filter, and acidic gases are collected on the treated filters. The filters are analyzed for 30 elements by instrumental neutron activation analysis. Fume samples were collected from the Pu'u O'o vent for two eruptive episodes: (1) 7 days after episode 11 (cooling vent samples) and (2) the waning stage of episode 13 (active vent samples). Additional samples were collected by aircraft from the gas plume released during the lava fountaining phase of episode 17 (aircraft samples). Element concentrations in the vent gases were > 104 μg m-3 for S, Cl, and F. Enrichment factors (EFs) for the volcanic fume versus the source magma were calculated using the volatile element Br as the reference element for normalization and the U.S. Geological Survey standard BHVO-1 as the magma standard. This removes the ash dilution effect obtained by using an ash constituent (Al, Sc, or Mg) as the reference element. Bromine-normalized EFs (× 105) range from 101 to 102 for Na, K, and Cu; 102 to 105 for Zn, W, Sb, In, Ir, Ag, F, and As; and > 105 for Au, Cd, Re, Cl, Se, and S. The highest enrichment factors are for aircraft samples collected during the most gas-rich phase of an eruption cycle. Metal and volatile-element data form two groups: (1) elements showing little or no variation in abundance ratios with sample type (group 1: Cl, Br, and Re) and (2) elements that show significant variation in abundance ratios by sample type (group 2: Zn, W, Sb, In, Ir, Au, and Cd). Bivariate plots of elements of the first group versus elements of the second group separate by sample type. The separation corresponds to samples collected during eruptive activity versus samples collected during repose periods. Monitoring trace metal ratios in volcanic fume could provide an additional tool for predicting volcanic eruptions. The F/Cl ratio of cooling vent samples is higher than those of active vent or aircraft samples, and the ratio is inversely correlated with EFs for most volatile metals.

The Use of Sparse Direct Solver in Vector Finite Element Modeling for Calculating Two Dimensional (2-D) Magnetotelluric Responses in Transverse Electric (TE) Mode

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yihaa Roodhiyah, Lisa’; Tjong, Tiffany; Nurhasan; Sutarno, D.

2018-04-01

The late research, linear matrices of vector finite element in two dimensional(2-D) magnetotelluric (MT) responses modeling was solved by non-sparse direct solver in TE mode. Nevertheless, there is some weakness which have to be improved especially accuracy in the low frequency (10-3 Hz-10-5 Hz) which is not achieved yet and high cost computation in dense mesh. In this work, the solver which is used is sparse direct solver instead of non-sparse direct solverto overcome the weaknesses of solving linear matrices of vector finite element metod using non-sparse direct solver. Sparse direct solver will be advantageous in solving linear matrices of vector finite element method because of the matrix properties which is symmetrical and sparse. The validation of sparse direct solver in solving linear matrices of vector finite element has been done for a homogen half-space model and vertical contact model by analytical solution. Thevalidation result of sparse direct solver in solving linear matrices of vector finite element shows that sparse direct solver is more stable than non-sparse direct solver in computing linear problem of vector finite element method especially in low frequency. In the end, the accuracy of 2D MT responses modelling in low frequency (10-3 Hz-10-5 Hz) has been reached out under the efficient allocation memory of array and less computational time consuming.

Nonaqueous method for dissolving lanthanide and actinide metals

DOEpatents

Crisler, L.R.

1975-11-11

Lanthanide and actinide beta-diketonate complex molecular compounds are produced by reacting a beta-diketone compound with a lanthanide or actinide element in the elemental metallic state in a mixture of carbon tetrachloride and methanol.

Growth of Interfacial Intermetallic Compound Layer in Diffusion-Bonded SAC-Cu Solder Joints During Different Types of Thermomechanical Excursion

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kanjilal, Anwesha; Kumar, Praveen

2018-01-01

The effects of mechanical strain on the growth kinetics of interfacial intermetallic compounds (IMCs) sandwiched between Cu substrate and Sn-1.0 wt.%Ag-0.5 wt.%Cu (SAC105) solder have been investigated. Isothermal aging (IA) at 70°C and 125°C, and thermal cycling (TC) as well as thermomechanical cycling (TMC) with shear strain of 12.8% per cycle between -25°C and 125°C were applied to diffusion-bonded solder joints to study the growth behavior of the interfacial IMC layer under various types of thermomechanical excursion (TME). The microstructure of the solder joint tested under each TME was observed at regular intervals. It was observed that the growth rate of the IMC layer was higher in the case of TMC compared with TC or IA. This increased growth rate of the IMC layer in the presence of mechanical strain suggests an additional driving force that enhances the growth kinetics of the IMC. Finite element analysis was performed to gain insight into the effect of TC and TMC on the stress field in the solder joint, especially near the interface between the solder and the substrate. Finally, an analytical model was developed to quantify the effect of strain on the effective diffusivity and express the growth kinetics for all three types of TME using a single expression.

Pstl repeat: a family of short interspersed nucleotide element (SINE)-like sequences in the genomes of cattle, goat, and buffalo.

PubMed

Sheikh, Faruk G; Mukhopadhyay, Sudit S; Gupta, Prabhakar

2002-02-01

The PstI family of elements are short, highly repetitive DNA sequences interspersed throughout the genome of the Bovidae. We have cloned and sequenced some members of the PstI family from cattle, goat, and buffalo. These elements are approximately 500 bp, have a copy number of 2 x 10(5) - 4 x 10(5), and comprise about 4% of the haploid genome. Studies of nucleotide sequence homology indicate that the buffalo and goat PstI repeats (type II) are similar types of short interspersed nucleotide element (SINE) sequences, but the cattle PstI repeat (type I) is considerably more divergent. Additionally, the goat PstI sequence showed significant sequence homology with bovine serine tRNA, and is therefore likely derived from serine tRNA. Interestingly, Southern hybridization suggests that both types of SINEs (I and II) are present in all the species of Bovidae. Dendrogram analysis indicates that cattle PstI SINE is similar to bovine Alu-like SINEs. Goat and buffalo SINEs formed a separate cluster, suggesting that these two types of SINEs evolved separately in the genome of the Bovidae.

Method for the removal of elemental mercury from a gas stream

DOEpatents

Mendelsohn, Marshall H.; Huang, Hann-Sheng

1999-01-01

A method is provided to remove elemental mercury from a gas stream by reacting the gas stream with an oxidizing solution to convert the elemental mercury to soluble mercury compounds. Other constituents are also oxidized. The gas stream is then passed through a wet scrubber to remove the mercuric compounds and oxidized constituents.

Method for the removal of elemental mercury from a gas stream

DOEpatents

Mendelsohn, M.H.; Huang, H.S.

1999-05-04

A method is provided to remove elemental mercury from a gas stream by reacting the gas stream with an oxidizing solution to convert the elemental mercury to soluble mercury compounds. Other constituents are also oxidized. The gas stream is then passed through a wet scrubber to remove the mercuric compounds and oxidized constituents. 7 figs.

40 CFR 129.105 - Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... dielectric. (3) Electrical transformer manufacturer means a manufacturer who produces or assembles electrical transformers in which PCB or PCB-containing compounds are part of the dielectric. (4) The ambient water... manufacturer. (d) Electrical transformer manufacturer—(1) Applicability. (i) These standards or prohibitions...

40 CFR 129.105 - Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... dielectric. (3) Electrical transformer manufacturer means a manufacturer who produces or assembles electrical transformers in which PCB or PCB-containing compounds are part of the dielectric. (4) The ambient water... manufacturer. (d) Electrical transformer manufacturer—(1) Applicability. (i) These standards or prohibitions...

40 CFR 129.105 - Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... dielectric. (3) Electrical transformer manufacturer means a manufacturer who produces or assembles electrical transformers in which PCB or PCB-containing compounds are part of the dielectric. (4) The ambient water... manufacturer. (d) Electrical transformer manufacturer—(1) Applicability. (i) These standards or prohibitions...

40 CFR 129.105 - Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... dielectric. (3) Electrical transformer manufacturer means a manufacturer who produces or assembles electrical transformers in which PCB or PCB-containing compounds are part of the dielectric. (4) The ambient water... manufacturer. (d) Electrical transformer manufacturer—(1) Applicability. (i) These standards or prohibitions...

40 CFR 129.105 - Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... dielectric. (3) Electrical transformer manufacturer means a manufacturer who produces or assembles electrical transformers in which PCB or PCB-containing compounds are part of the dielectric. (4) The ambient water... manufacturer. (d) Electrical transformer manufacturer—(1) Applicability. (i) These standards or prohibitions...

Atmosphere purification of radon and radon daughter elements

DOEpatents

Stein, L.

1974-01-01

A method of removing radon and radon daughter elements from an atmosphere containing these elements by passing the atmosphere through a bed of fluorinating compound whereby the radon and radon daughters are oxidized to their respective fluorides is discussed. These fluorides adhere to the fluorinating compound and are thus removed from the atmosphere which may then be recirculated. A method for recovering radon and separating radon from its daughter elements is also described. (Official Gazette)

9 CFR 130.17 - User fees for other veterinary diagnostic laboratory tests performed at NVSL (excluding FADDL) or...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Nitrate/nitrite Test 66.00 67.00 68.00 70.00 72.00 Organic compound confirmation Test 88.00 90.00 92.00 94.00 96.00 Organic compound screen Test 151.00 155.00 158.00 161.00 165.00 Parasitology Test 29.00 29....00 103.00 105.00 107.00 Selenium Test 44.00 45.00 46.00 47.00 48.00 Silicate/carbonate disinfectant...

9 CFR 130.17 - User fees for other veterinary diagnostic laboratory tests performed at NVSL (excluding FADDL) or...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Nitrate/nitrite Test 66.00 67.00 68.00 70.00 72.00 Organic compound confirmation Test 88.00 90.00 92.00 94.00 96.00 Organic compound screen Test 151.00 155.00 158.00 161.00 165.00 Parasitology Test 29.00 29....00 103.00 105.00 107.00 Selenium Test 44.00 45.00 46.00 47.00 48.00 Silicate/carbonate disinfectant...

9 CFR 130.17 - User fees for other veterinary diagnostic laboratory tests performed at NVSL (excluding FADDL) or...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... Nitrate/nitrite Test 66.00 67.00 68.00 70.00 72.00 Organic compound confirmation Test 88.00 90.00 92.00 94.00 96.00 Organic compound screen Test 151.00 155.00 158.00 161.00 165.00 Parasitology Test 29.00 29....00 103.00 105.00 107.00 Selenium Test 44.00 45.00 46.00 47.00 48.00 Silicate/carbonate disinfectant...

New Fragment Separation Technology for Superheavy Element Research

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Shaughnessy, D A; Moody, K J; Henderson, R A

2008-01-28

This project consisted of three major research areas: (1) development of a solid Pu ceramic target for the MASHA separator, (2) chemical separation of nuclear decay products, and (3) production of new isotopes and elements through nuclear reactions. There have been 16 publications as a result of this project, and this collection of papers summarizes our accomplishments in each of the three areas of research listed above. The MASHA (Mass Analyzer for Super-Heavy Atoms) separator is being constructed at the U400 Cyclotron at the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions in Dubna, Russia. The purpose of the separator is to physicallymore » separate the products from nuclear reactions based on their isotopic masses rather than their decay characteristics. The separator was designed to have a separation between isotopic masses of {+-}0.25 amu, which would enable the mass of element 114 isotopes to be measured with outstanding resolution, thereby confirming their discovery. In order to increase the production rate of element 114 nuclides produced via the {sup 244}Pu+{sup 48}Ca reaction, a new target technology was required. Instead of a traditional thin actinide target, the MASHA separator required a thick, ceramic-based Pu target that was thick enough to increase element 114 production while still being porous enough to allow reaction products to migrate out of the target and travel through the separator to the detector array located at the back end. In collaboration with UNLV, we began work on development of the Pu target for MASHA. Using waste-form synthesis technology, we began by creating zirconia-based matrices that would form a ceramic with plutonium oxide. We used samarium oxide as a surrogate for Pu and created ceramics that had varying amounts of the starting materials in order to establish trends in material density and porosity. The results from this work are described in more detail in Refs. [1,4,10]. Unfortunately, work on MASHA was delayed in Russia because it was found that the efficiency of transporting products from the target chamber to the detector array was much too low for applications in heavy element experiments where production rates are on the order of one atom per day or less. Work continues on the MASHA separator, and once the efficiency has been improved, we plan to continue our work on the Pu target for future element 114 experiments. Due to the delays of the MASHA separator, work on establishing the identity of heavy element species produced through nuclear reactions focused instead on chemical separations. In particular, element 115 decays through a series of alpha decays, terminating with an element 105 isotope with a long half-life ({approx} 1 day). By chemically separating the element 105 daughter and observing its subsequent fission decay, the identity of the original parent nucleus can be established through the genetic correlation of the initial series of alpha decays. Chemical separations of element 105 were developed in Switzerland, Russia, and at LLNL. Over the course of two experiments, reaction products from the {sup 243}Am+{sup 48}Ca reaction were collected in a copper block and subsequently processed for chemical separation of the Group Five elements [8,9,13,15]. The Group Five elements were initially separated from the Group Four species, and then the samples were sub-divided into tantalum and niobium fractions. All of the fission events were observed in the tantalum fractions, which implied that element 105 behaved more like tantalum under the chemical conditions of these experiments. These experiments were very successful, and not only demonstrated that chemical separation could be performed on single atoms of interest, but also lent proof to the identity of the parent nucleus as element 115. Subsequent analysis of the alpha spectra taken during the experiment further prove that the fission events observed during the two experiments came from element 105 as the decay daughter of element 115 and could not attributed to interference from other background species [16]. The final aspect of this project was the production of new isotopes and elements. All of the experiments were performed in Dubna at the U400 Cyclotron and the results are described in more detail in Refs. [2,3,5-8,11,12,14]. The first experiments were designed to establish the decay properties of isotopes of elements 112, 114, and 116 [5]. Because these isotopic signatures were established through these initial experiments, the discovery of element 118 [11] was possible, since the 118 nuclides decayed into these previously studied isotopes. This was the first successful report of the discovery of element 118, which was reported by the media to a large extent. The last experiment that was performed for this project was the production and detection of a new isotope of element 113 [14].« less

Clinical Trial of AC105 (Mg/PEG) for Treatment of Acute Spinal Cord Injury (SCI). Phase 2

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-10-01

glycol with a molecular weight of 3350 Daltons ( PEG 3350 ), is manufactured by Dow Chemical Company and complies with NF, FCC and EurPh requirements...Mg/ PEG ) for Treatment of Acute Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Andrew Blight, PhD RECIPIENT: Acorda Therapeutics...of AC105 (Mg/ PEG ) for Treatment of Acute Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) 5b. GRANT NUMBER W81XWH-12-2 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d

Organophosphate poisoning in Rhodesia. A study of the clinical features and management of 105 patients.

PubMed

Hayes, M M; van der Westhuizen, N G; Gelfand, M

1978-08-05

A series of 105 patients with organophosphate poisoning admitted to Harari Hospital during the past 4 years is described. Poisoning with organophosphate compounds is being seen more frequently in hospital practice in Rhodesia. Many of the cases are attempted suicides, but frequently there is no positive history of contact with the poison. The majority of patients exhibit the classic clinical features of parasympathetic overactivity, but diagnosis may be obscured by atypical presentation. Rapid diagnosis and utilization of the treatment regimen outlined in this article should reduce the mortality to less than 15%.

Liquid electrolyte-free, solid-state solar cells with inorganic hole transport materials

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kanatzidis, Mercouri G.; Chung, In; Lee, Byunghong

Photovoltaic cells incorporating the compounds A/M/X compounds as hole transport materials are provide. The A/M/X compounds comprise one or more A moieties, one or more M atoms and one or more X atoms. The A moieties are selected from organic cations and elements from Group 1 of the periodic table, the M atoms are selected from elements from at least one of Groups 3, 4, 5, 13, 14 or 15 of the periodic table, and the X atoms are selected from elements from Group 17 of the periodic table.

Organic compounds and trace elements in the Pocomoke River and its tributaries

USGS Publications Warehouse

Miller, Cherie V.; Foster, Gregory D.; Huff, Thomas B.; Garbarino, John R.

1999-01-01

In response to concern about recent blooms of the dinoflagellate, Pfiesteria piscicida, samples of sediment and water were collected from the lower Pocomoke River Basin and were screened for trace elements, pesticides, and other organic compounds. A large group of steroid and fatty acid methyl-ester compounds was detected in streamwater using gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy in scan mode. Some of these steroid compounds have been identified and further quantified in bed-sediment extracts. Spatial patterns of the concentrations of cholesterol suggest that these compounds are linked to the runoff of animal wastes into the river. Many of the organic compounds found in the Pocomoke River sediments have not yet been identified, but at least several are in the class of hormone compounds related to estradiols and have the potential to promote endocrine-disrupting effects in aquatic life. Particulate forms of arsenic and zinc are slightly elevated above normal levels for streams, but the sources for these elements are still undetermined. Several pesticides were found in low, parts-per-trillion concentrations, but were within the ranges commonly found in streams of this region.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel quinazoline-4-piperidinesulfamide derivatives as inhibitors of NPP1.

PubMed

Forcellini, Elsa; Boutin, Sophie; Lefebvre, Carole-Anne; Shayhidin, Elnur Elyar; Boulanger, Marie-Chloé; Rhéaume, Gabrielle; Barbeau, Xavier; Lagüe, Patrick; Mathieu, Patrick; Paquin, Jean-François

2018-03-10

The ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase-1 (NPP1) was recently shown to promote mineralization of the aortic valve, hence, its inhibition represents a significant target. A quinazoline-4-piperidine sulfamide compound (QPS1) has been described as a specific and non-competitive inhibitor of NPP1. We report herein the synthesis and in vitro inhibition studies of novel quinazoline-4-piperidine sulfamide analogues using QPS1 as the lead compound. Of the 26 derivatives prepared, four compounds were found to have K i  < 105 nM against human NPP1. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Synthesis, spectroscopic studies, DFT calculations, electrochemical evaluation, BSA binding and molecular docking of an aroylhydrazone -based cis-dioxido Mo(VI) complex

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mohamadi, Maryam; Faghih-Mirzaei, Ehsan; Ebrahimipour, S. Yousef; Sheikhshoaie, Iran; Haase, Wolfgang; Foro, Sabine

2017-07-01

A cis-dioxido Mo(VI) complex, [MoO2(L)(MeOH)], [L2-: (3-methoxy-2-oxidobenzylidene) benzohydrazonate], has been synthesized and characterized using physicochemical and spectroscopic techniques including elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1HNMR, UV-Vis spectroscopy, molar conductivity and single crystal X-ray diffraction. DFT calculations in the ground state of the complex were carried out using hybrid functional B3LYP with DGDZVP as basis set. Non-linear optical properties including electric dipole moment (μ), polarizability (α) and molecular first hyperpolarizability (β) of the compound were also computed. The values of linear polarizability and first hyperpolarizability obtained for the studied molecule indicated that the compound could be a good candidate of nonlinear optical materials. TD-DFT calculation and molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) were also performed. The thermodynamic properties (heat capacity, entropy, and enthalpy) of the complex at different temperatures have been calculated. The interaction of a synthesized complex, with bovine serum albumin was also thoroughly investigated using experimental and theoretical studies. UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence quenching techniques were used to determine the binding parameters as well as the mechanism of the interaction. The values of binding constants were in the range of 104-105 M-1 demonstrating a moderate interaction between the synthesized complex and BSA making the protein suitable for transportation and delivery of the compound. Thermodynamic parameters were also indicating a binding through van der Waals force or hydrogen bond of [MoO2(L)(MeOH)] to BSA. The results obtained from docking studies were consistent to those obtained from experimental studies.

Targeting radiosensitizers to DNA by attachment of an intercalating group: Nitroimidazole-linked phenanthridines

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cowan, D.S.; Panicucci, R.; McClelland, R.A.

The nitroimidazole-linked phenanthridine series of compounds (NLP-1, 2, and 3) were synthesized under the assumption that it should be possible to enhance the molar efficiency of 2-nitroimidazoles as hypoxic cell radiosensitizers and cytotoxins by targeting them to their likely site of action, DNA. The targeting group chosen was the phenanthridine moiety, the major component of the classical DNA intercalating compound, ethidium bromide. The sole difference between the compounds is the length of the hydrocarbon chain linking the nitroimidazole to the phenanthridine. The phenanthridine group with a three-carbon side chain, P-1, was also synthesized to allow studies on the effect ofmore » the targeting group by itself. The ability of the compounds to bind to DNA is inversely proportional to their linker chain length with binding constant values ranging from approximately 1 {times} 10(5) mol-1 for NLP-2 to 6 {times} 10(5) mol-1 for NLP-3. The NLP compounds show selective toxicity to hypoxic cells at 37 degrees C at external drug concentrations 10-40 times lower than would be required for untargeted 2-nitroimidazoles such as misonidazole in vitro. Toxicity to both hypoxic and aerobic cells is dependent on the linker chain: the shorter the chain, the greater the toxicity. In addition, the NLP compounds radiosensitize hypoxic cells at external drug concentrations as low as 0.05 mM with almost the full oxygen effect being observed at a concentration of 0.5 mM. These concentrations are 10-100 times lower than would be required for similar radiosensitization using misonidazole. Radiosensitizing ability is independent of linker chain length. The present compounds represent prototypes for further studies of the efficacy and mechanism of action of 2-nitroimidazoles targeted to DNA by linkage to an intercalating group.« less

Preparation of cermets

DOEpatents

Morgan, Chester S.

1978-01-01

Cermets are produced by the process of forming a physical mixture of a ceramic powder material with an elemental metal precursor compound and by decomposing the elemental metal precursor compound within the mixture. The decomposition step may be carried out either prior to or during a forming and densification step.

Reconnaissance of Soil, Ground Water, and Plant Contamination at an Abandoned Oilfield-Service Site near Shawnee, Oklahoma, 2005-2006

USGS Publications Warehouse

Mashburn, Shana L.; Smith, S. Jerrod

2007-01-01

The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Absentee Shawnee Tribe of Oklahoma, began a reconnaissance study of a site in Pottawatomie County, Oklahoma, in 2005 by testing soil, shallow ground water, and plant material for the presence of trace elements and semivolatile organic compounds. Chemical analysis of plant material at the site was investigated as a preliminary tool to determine the extent of contamination at the site. Thirty soil samples were collected from 15 soil cores during October 2005 and analyzed for trace elements and semivolatile organic compounds. Five small-diameter, polyvinyl-chloride-cased wells were installed and ground-water samples were collected during December 2005 and May 2006 and analyzed for trace elements and semivolatile organic compounds. Thirty Johnsongrass samples and 16 Coralberry samples were collected during September 2005 and analyzed for 53 constituents, including trace elements. Results of the soil, ground-water, and plant data indicate that the areas of trace element and semivolatile organic compound contamination are located in the shallow (A-horizon) soils near the threading barn. Most of the trace-element concentrations in the soils on the study site were either similar to or less than trace-element concentrations in background soils. Several trace elements and semivolatile organic compounds exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 6, Human Health Medium-Specific Screening Levels 2007 for Tap Water, Residential Soils, Industrial Indoor Soils, and Industrial Outdoor Soils. There was little or no correlation between the plant and soil sample concentrations and the plant and ground-water concentrations based on the current sample size and study design. The lack of correlation between trace-element concentrations in plants and soils, and plants and ground water indicate that plant sampling was not useful as a preliminary tool to assess contamination at the study site.

A single amino acid substitution makes ERK2 susceptible to pyridinyl imidazole inhibitors of p38 MAP kinase.

PubMed Central

Fox, T.; Coll, J. T.; Xie, X.; Ford, P. J.; Germann, U. A.; Porter, M. D.; Pazhanisamy, S.; Fleming, M. A.; Galullo, V.; Su, M. S.; Wilson, K. P.

1998-01-01

Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases are serine/threonine kinases that mediate intracellular signal transduction pathways. Pyridinyl imidazole compounds block pro-inflammatory cytokine production and are specific p38 kinase inhibitors. ERK2 is related to p38 in sequence and structure, but is not inhibited by pyridinyl imidazole inhibitors. Crystal structures of two pyridinyl imidazoles complexed with p38 revealed these compounds bind in the ATP site. Mutagenesis data suggested a single residue difference at threonine 106 between p38 and other MAP kinases is sufficient to confer selectivity of pyridinyl imidazoles. We have changed the equivalent residue in human ERK2, Q105, into threonine and alanine, and substituted four additional ATP binding site residues. The single residue change Q105A in ERK2 enhances the binding of SB202190 at least 25,000-fold compared to wild-type ERK2. We report enzymatic analyses of wild-type ERK2 and the mutant proteins, and the crystal structure of a pyridinyl imidazole, SB203580, bound to an ERK2 pentamutant, I103L, Q105T, D106H, E109G. T110A. These ATP binding site substitutions induce low nanomolar sensitivity to pyridinyl imidazoles. Furthermore, we identified 5-iodotubercidin as a potent ERK2 inhibitor, which may help reveal the role of ERK2 in cell proliferation. PMID:9827991

Theoretical predictions of properties and gas-phase chromatography behaviour of bromides of group-5 elements Nb, Ta, and element 105, Db.

PubMed

Pershina, V; Anton, J

2012-01-21

Fully relativistic, four-component density functional theory electronic structure calculations were performed for MBr(5), MOBr(3), MBr(6)(-), KMBr(6), and MBr(5)Cl(-) of group-5 elements Nb, Ta, and element 105, Db, with the aim to predict adsorption behaviour of the bromides in gas-phase chromatography experiments. It was shown that in the atmosphere of HBr/BBr(3), the pentabromides are rather stable, and their stability should increase in the row Nb < Db < Ta. Several mechanisms of adsorption were considered. In the case of adsorption by van der Waals forces, the sequence in volatility of the pentabromides should be Nb < Ta < Db, being in agreement with the sublimation enthalpies of the Nb and Ta pentabromides. In the case of adsorption by chemical forces (on a quartz surface modified with KBr∕KCl), formation of the MBr(5)L(-) (L = Cl, Br) complex should occur, so that the volatility should change in an opposite way, i.e., Nb > Ta > Db. This sequence is in agreement with the one observed in the "one-atom-at-a-time" chromatography experiments. Some other scenarios, such as surface oxide formation were also considered but found to be irrelevant. © 2012 American Institute of Physics

Electronic Transmutation (ET): Chemically Turning One Element into Another.

PubMed

Zhang, Xinxing; Lundell, Katie A; Olson, Jared K; Bowen, Kit H; Boldyrev, Alexander I

2018-03-08

The concept of electronic transmutation (ET) depicts the processes that by acquiring an extra electron, an element with the atomic number Z begins to have properties that were known to only belong to its neighboring element with the atomic number Z+1. Based on ET, signature compounds and chemical bonds that are composed of certain elements can now be designed and formed by other electronically transmutated elements. This Minireview summarizes the recent developments and applications of ET on both the theoretical and experimental fronts. Examples on the ET of Group 13 elements into Group 14 elements, Group 14 elements into Group 15 elements, and Group 15 elements into Group 16 elements are discussed. Compounds and chemical bonding composed of carbon, silicon, germanium, phosphorous, oxygen and sulfur now have analogues using transmutated boron, aluminum, gallium, silicon, nitrogen, and phosphorous. © 2018 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Finite element fatigue analysis of rectangular clutch spring of automatic slack adjuster

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xu, Chen-jie; Luo, Zai; Hu, Xiao-feng; Jiang, Wen-song

2015-02-01

The failure of rectangular clutch spring of automatic slack adjuster directly affects the work of automatic slack adjuster. We establish the structural mechanics model of automatic slack adjuster rectangular clutch spring based on its working principle and mechanical structure. In addition, we upload such structural mechanics model to ANSYS Workbench FEA system to predict the fatigue life of rectangular clutch spring. FEA results show that the fatigue life of rectangular clutch spring is 2.0403×105 cycle under the effect of braking loads. In the meantime, fatigue tests of 20 automatic slack adjusters are carried out on the fatigue test bench to verify the conclusion of the structural mechanics model. The experimental results show that the mean fatigue life of rectangular clutch spring is 1.9101×105, which meets the results based on the finite element analysis using ANSYS Workbench FEA system.

Global and local approaches to population analysis: Bonding patterns in superheavy element compounds

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Oleynichenko, Alexander; Zaitsevskii, Andréi; Romanov, Stepan; Skripnikov, Leonid V.; Titov, Anatoly V.

2018-03-01

Relativistic effective atomic configurations of superheavy elements Cn, Nh and Fl and their lighter homologues (Hg, Tl and Pb) in their simple compounds with fluorine and oxygen are determined using the analysis of local properties of molecular Kohn-Sham density matrices in the vicinity of heavy nuclei. The difference in populations of atomic spinors with the same orbital angular momentum and different total angular momenta is demonstrated to be essential for understanding the peculiarities of chemical bonding in superheavy element compounds. The results are fully compatible with those obtained by the relativistic iterative version of conventional projection analysis of global density matrices.

Chemistry of peroxide compounds

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Volnov, I. I.

1981-01-01

The history of Soviet research from 1866 to 1967 on peroxide compounds is reviewed. This research dealt mainly with peroxide kinetics, reactivity and characteristics, peroxide production processes, and more recently with superoxides and ozonides and emphasis on the higher oxides of group 1 and 2 elements. Solid state fluidized bed synthesis and production of high purity products based on the relative solubilities of the initial, intermediate, and final compounds and elements in liquid ammonia are discussed.

Method for purifying bidentate organophosphorus compounds

DOEpatents

Schulz, Wallace W.

1977-01-01

Bidentate organophosphorus compounds useful for extracting actinide elements from acidic nuclear waste solutions are purified of undesirable acidic impurities by contacting the compounds with ethylene glycol which preferentially extracts the impurities found in technical grade bidentate compounds.

Identification of novel antilipogenic agents targeting fatty acid biosynthesis through structure-based virtual screening.

PubMed

Soulère, Laurent; Alix, Pascaline M; Croze, Marine L; Soulage, Christophe O

2018-04-10

An Asinex Gold Platinium chemical library subset of 12 055 compounds was screened employing docking simulations in the active site of the human FAS KS domain. Among them, 13 compounds were further evaluated for their ability to inhibit fatty acid biosynthesis. Four compounds were found to be active in particular ASN05064661 and ASN05374526 with IC50 values of 6.6 and 10.5 μm, respectively. A binding mode study was further conducted with these two compounds structurally related to benzene sulfonamide and aromatic polyamide. This study showed that they fit tightly with the active site with several interactions, notably with the key residues Cys161, His293, and His331. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons A/S.

Stability of compounded trilostane suspension in cod liver oil.

PubMed

Crosby, Jesse; Brown, Stacy

2017-10-01

Trilostane is a synthetic steroid analog used to treat canine hyperadrenocorticism. For small dogs, the dose found in commercially available dosage forms of trilostane is sometimes too high. Compounding trilostane in a liquid diluent provides an option for more precise dosing and adjustments, and can be easier to administer, versus a tablet or capsule. Trilostane suspends well in cod liver oil, which is generally palatable to dogs. The stability of a compounded trilostane suspension in cod liver oil stored at room temperature was investigated for 90 days. Compounded trilostane retained stability, defined as maintaining 90-105% labeled value, for 60 days when stored in amber glass bottles. However, drug potency fell >10% below the labeled value when stored in amber plastic bottles after 7 days. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Process for oxidation of hydrogen halides to elemental halogens

DOEpatents

Lyke, Stephen E.

1992-01-01

An improved process for generating an elemental halogen selected from chlorine, bromine or iodine, from a corresponding hydrogen halide by absorbing a molten salt mixture, which includes sulfur, alkali metals and oxygen with a sulfur to metal molar ratio between 0.9 and 1.1 and includes a dissolved oxygen compound capable of reacting with hydrogen halide to produce elemental halogen, into a porous, relatively inert substrate to produce a substrate-supported salt mixture. Thereafter, the substrate-supported salt mixture is contacted (stage 1) with a hydrogen halide while maintaining the substrate-supported salt mixture during the contacting at an elevated temperature sufficient to sustain a reaction between the oxygen compound and the hydrogen halide to produce a gaseous elemental halogen product. This is followed by purging the substrate-supported salt mixture with steam (stage 2) thereby recovering any unreacted hydrogen halide and additional elemental halogen for recycle to stage 1. The dissolved oxygen compound is regenerated in a high temperature (stage 3) and an optical intermediate temperature stage (stage 4) by contacting the substrate-supported salt mixture with a gas containing oxygen whereby the dissolved oxygen compound in the substrate-supported salt mixture is regenerated by being oxidized to a higher valence state.

Micromachining Techniques in Developing High-Frequency Piezoelectric Composite Ultrasonic Array Transducers

PubMed Central

Liu, Changgeng; Djuth, Frank T.; Zhou, Qifa; Shung, K. Kirk

2014-01-01

Several micromachining techniques for the fabrication of high-frequency piezoelectric composite ultrasonic array transducers are described in this paper. A variety of different techniques are used in patterning the active piezoelectric material, attaching backing material to the transducer, and assembling an electronic interconnection board for transmission and reception from the array. To establish the feasibility of the process flow, a hybrid test ultrasound array transducer consisting of a 2-D array having an 8 × 8 element pattern and a 5-element annular array was designed, fabricated, and assessed. The arrays are designed for a center frequency of ~60 MHz. The 2-D array elements are 105 × 105 μm in size with 5-μm kerfs between elements. The annular array surrounds the square 2-D array and provides the option of transmitting from the annular array and receiving with the 2-D array. Each annular array element has an area of 0.71 mm2 with a 16-μm kerf between elements. The active piezoelectric material is (1 − x) Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3−xPbTiO3 (PMN-PT)/epoxy 1–3 composite with a PMN-PT pillar lateral dimension of 8 μm and an average gap width of ~4 μm, which was produced by deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) dry etching techniques. A novel electric interconnection strategy for high-density, small-size array elements was proposed. After assembly, the array transducer was tested and characterized. The capacitance, pulse–echo responses, and crosstalk were measured for each array element. The desired center frequency of ~60 MHz was achieved and the −6-dB bandwidth of the received signal was ~50%. At the center frequency, the crosstalk between adjacent 2-D array elements was about −33 dB. The techniques described herein can be used to build larger arrays containing smaller elements. PMID:24297027

Production of pure metals

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Philipp, W. H.; Marsik, S. J.; May, C. E. (Inventor)

1974-01-01

A process for depositing elements by irradiating liquids is reported. Ultra pure elements are precipitated from aqueous solutions or suspensions of compounds. A solution of a salt of a metal to be prepared is irradiated, and the insoluble reaction product settles out. Some chemical compounds may also be prepared in this manner.

Electronegativity and the Bond Triangle

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Meek, Terry L.; Garner, Leah D.

2005-01-01

The usefulness of the bond triangle for categorizing compounds of the main-group elements may be extended by the use of weighted average electronegativities to allow distinction between compounds of the same elements with different stoichiometries. In such cases a higher valency for the central atom leads to greater covalent character and the…

A Multilayer Network Approach for Guiding Drug Repositioning in Neglected Diseases

PubMed Central

Chernomoretz, Ariel; Agüero, Fernán

2016-01-01

Drug development for neglected diseases has been historically hampered due to lack of market incentives. The advent of public domain resources containing chemical information from high throughput screenings is changing the landscape of drug discovery for these diseases. In this work we took advantage of data from extensively studied organisms like human, mouse, E. coli and yeast, among others, to develop a novel integrative network model to prioritize and identify candidate drug targets in neglected pathogen proteomes, and bioactive drug-like molecules. We modeled genomic (proteins) and chemical (bioactive compounds) data as a multilayer weighted network graph that takes advantage of bioactivity data across 221 species, chemical similarities between 1.7 105 compounds and several functional relations among 1.67 105 proteins. These relations comprised orthology, sharing of protein domains, and shared participation in defined biochemical pathways. We showcase the application of this network graph to the problem of prioritization of new candidate targets, based on the information available in the graph for known compound-target associations. We validated this strategy by performing a cross validation procedure for known mouse and Trypanosoma cruzi targets and showed that our approach outperforms classic alignment-based approaches. Moreover, our model provides additional flexibility as two different network definitions could be considered, finding in both cases qualitatively different but sensible candidate targets. We also showcase the application of the network to suggest targets for orphan compounds that are active against Plasmodium falciparum in high-throughput screens. In this case our approach provided a reduced prioritization list of target proteins for the query molecules and showed the ability to propose new testable hypotheses for each compound. Moreover, we found that some predictions highlighted by our network model were supported by independent experimental validations as found post-facto in the literature. PMID:26735851

A Multilayer Network Approach for Guiding Drug Repositioning in Neglected Diseases.

PubMed

Berenstein, Ariel José; Magariños, María Paula; Chernomoretz, Ariel; Agüero, Fernán

2016-01-01

Drug development for neglected diseases has been historically hampered due to lack of market incentives. The advent of public domain resources containing chemical information from high throughput screenings is changing the landscape of drug discovery for these diseases. In this work we took advantage of data from extensively studied organisms like human, mouse, E. coli and yeast, among others, to develop a novel integrative network model to prioritize and identify candidate drug targets in neglected pathogen proteomes, and bioactive drug-like molecules. We modeled genomic (proteins) and chemical (bioactive compounds) data as a multilayer weighted network graph that takes advantage of bioactivity data across 221 species, chemical similarities between 1.7 105 compounds and several functional relations among 1.67 105 proteins. These relations comprised orthology, sharing of protein domains, and shared participation in defined biochemical pathways. We showcase the application of this network graph to the problem of prioritization of new candidate targets, based on the information available in the graph for known compound-target associations. We validated this strategy by performing a cross validation procedure for known mouse and Trypanosoma cruzi targets and showed that our approach outperforms classic alignment-based approaches. Moreover, our model provides additional flexibility as two different network definitions could be considered, finding in both cases qualitatively different but sensible candidate targets. We also showcase the application of the network to suggest targets for orphan compounds that are active against Plasmodium falciparum in high-throughput screens. In this case our approach provided a reduced prioritization list of target proteins for the query molecules and showed the ability to propose new testable hypotheses for each compound. Moreover, we found that some predictions highlighted by our network model were supported by independent experimental validations as found post-facto in the literature.

Bulk semiconducting scintillator device for radiation detection

DOEpatents

Stowe, Ashley C.; Burger, Arnold; Groza, Michael

2016-08-30

A bulk semiconducting scintillator device, including: a Li-containing semiconductor compound of general composition Li-III-VI.sub.2, wherein III is a Group III element and VI is a Group VI element; wherein the Li-containing semiconductor compound is used in one or more of a first mode and a second mode, wherein: in the first mode, the Li-containing semiconductor compound is coupled to an electrical circuit under bias operable for measuring electron-hole pairs in the Li-containing semiconductor compound in the presence of neutrons and the Li-containing semiconductor compound is also coupled to current detection electronics operable for detecting a corresponding current in the Li-containing semiconductor compound; and, in the second mode, the Li-containing semiconductor compound is coupled to a photodetector operable for detecting photons generated in the Li-containing semiconductor compound in the presence of the neutrons.

78 FR 58601 - Notice of Request for the Extension of a Currently Approved Information Collection

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-24

... (TEA-21), Public Law 105-85, as amended by the Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient, Transportation.... These services are an important element of the U.S. transportation system. TEA-21 authorized FTA's OTRB...

Organochlorine compounds and trace elements in fish tissue and streambed sediment in the Mobile River Basin, Alabama, Mississippi, and Georgia, 1998

USGS Publications Warehouse

Zappia, Humbert

2002-01-01

During the summer of 1998, as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program, a survey was conducted to determine which organochlorine compounds and trace elements occur in fish tissues and streambed sediments in the Mobile River Basin, which includes parts of Alabama, Mississippi, Georgia, and Tennessee. The data collected were compared to guidelines related to wildlife, land use, and to 1991 and 1994 National Water-Quality Assessment Program Study-Unit data.Twenty-one sites were sampled in subbasins of the Mobile River Basin. The subbasins ranged in size from about 9 to 22,000 square miles and were dominated by either a single land use or a combination of land uses. The major land-use categories were urban, agriculture, and forest.Organochlorine compounds were widespread spatially in the Mobile River Basin. At least one organochlorine compound was reported at the majority of sampling sites (84 percent) and in a majority of whole-fish (80 percent) and streambed-sediment (52 percent) samples. Multiple organochlorine compounds were reported at 75 percent of the sites where fish tissues were collected and were reported at many of the streambed-sediment sampling sites (45 percent). The majority of concentrations reported, however, were less than 5 micrograms per kilogram in fish-tissue samples and less than 1 microgram per kilogram in streambed-sediment samples.The majority of trace elements analyzed in fish-liver tissue (86 percent) and streambed-sediment (98 percent) samples were reported during this study. Multiple trace elements were reported in all samples and at all sites.Based on comparisons of concentrations of organochlorine compounds and trace elements in fish-tissue and streambed-sediment samples in relation to National Academy of Science and National Academy of Engineering and Canadian tissue guidelines, probable-effects concentrations, and mean probable-effects concentration quotients for streambed sediment, the potential exists for adverse effects to wildlife at 15 (72 percent) of the sites sampled. The potential for adverse effects at these sites is because of the presence of residues or breakdown products related to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB?s), chlordane, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), chromium, lead, and zinc.The majority of compounds reported (65 percent) were chlordane, DDT, and PCB?s, or their breakdown products. Concentrations of chlordane and heptachlor epoxide in whole-fish tissue were positively correlated to the amount of urban land use in a basin. Total DDT concentrations in whole-fish tissues were positively correlated to agriculture.The relation of trace elements to land use is not as clear as the relation of organochlorine compounds to land use. This lack of clarity may be due to the possibility of geologic sources of trace elements in the Mobile River Basin and to the ubiquitous nature of many of these trace elements. However, there may be a correlation between the amount of urban land use and concentrations of antimony, cadmium, lead, and zinc in streambed-sediment samples from the Mobile River Basin.Fewer organochlorine compounds and trace elements were reported in samples from the Mobile River Basin than in samples collected during the 1991 and 1994 National Water-Quality Assessment Program studies. Of the organochlorine compounds analyzed nationally, 57 percent were reported in whole-fish tissue samples collected locally and 41 percent were reported in streambed-sediment samples collected locally, whereas 96 percent and 86 percent, respectively, were reported nationally. Of trace elements analyzed nationally, 86 percent were reported in fish-liver tissue locally and 95 percent were reported in streambed-sediment samples locally, whereas 95 percent and 98 percent, respectively, were reported nationally.In general, concentrations of organochlorine compounds and trace elements and the frequency with which they were reported in the Mobile River Basin are similar to or less than t

Reactions of yttria-stabilized zirconia with oxides and sulfates of various elements

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zaplatynsky, I.

1978-01-01

The reactions between partially stabilized zirconia, containing 8 weight-percent yttria, and oxides and sulfates of various elements were studied at 1200, 1300, and 1400 C for times to 800, 400, and 200 hours, respectively. These oxides and sulfates represent impurities and additives potentially present in gas turbine fuels or impurities in the turbine combustion air as well as the elements of the substrate alloys in contact with zirconia. Based on the results, these compounds can be classified in four groups: (1) compounds which did not react with zirconia (Na2SO4, K2SO4, Cr2O3, Al2O3 and NiO); (2) compounds that reached completely with both zirconia phases (CaO, BaO, and BaSO4); (3) compounds that reacted preferentially with monoclinic zirconia (Na2O, K2O, CoO, Fe2O3, MgO, SiO2, and ZnO); and (4) compounds that reacted preferentially with cubic zirconia (V2O5, P2O5).

Effects of urbanization and long-term rainfall on the occurrence of organic compounds and trace elements in reservoir sediment cores, streambed sediment, and fish tissue from the Santa Ana River basin, California, 1998

USGS Publications Warehouse

Burton, Carmen A.

2002-01-01

Organcochlorine compounds, semivolatile-organic compounds (SVOC), and trace elements were analyzed in reservoir sediment cores, streambed sediment, and fish tissue in the Santa Ana River Basin as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program. Three reservoirs were sampled in areas that have different degrees of urbanization. Streambed sediment and fish tissue collected at 12 sites were divided into two groups, urban and nonurban. More organochlorine compounds were detected in reservoir sediment cores, streambed sediment and fish tissue, and at higher concentrations at urban sites than at nonurban sites. At all sites, except West Street Basin, concentrations of organochlorine compounds were lower than the probable-effect concentration (PEC). At the highly urbanized West Street Basin, chlordane and p,p'-DDE exceeded the PEC throughout the historical record. The less stringent threshold-effect concentration (TEC) was exceeded for six compounds at eight sites. Most of the organochlorine compounds detected in streambed sediment and fish tissue were at urban sites on the Santa Ana River as opposed to its tributaries, suggesting accumulation and persistence in the river. More SVOCs were detected in reservoir sediment cores and streambed sediment, and at higher concentrations, at urban sites than at nonurban sites. At all the sites, except West Street Basin, concentrations of SVOCs were lower than the PEC. At West Street Basin, chrysene, pyrene, and total polycyclic-aromatic hydrocarbons exceeded the PEC throughout the historical record. The TEC was exceeded for 10 compounds at 3 sites. Most of the SVOCs were detected in streambed sediment at urban sites on tributaries to the Santa Ana River rather than the mainstem itself. The less frequent occurrence and lower concentrations in the Santa Ana River suggest that SVOCs are less persistent than organochlorine compounds, possibly as a result of volatization, gradation, or dilution. Most trace-element detections in reservoir sediment cores and streambed sediment were at urban sites, and the concentrations were generally higher than at nonurban sites. Lead and zinc exceeded their PECs at West Street Basin throughout the historical record; copper exceeded its PEC at Canyon Lake, an area of urban growth. The TEC was exceeded for 10 compounds at 11 sites. Frequency of detection and concentration did not differ between tributary and Santa Ana River sites, which may be attributed to the fact that trace elements occur naturally. Four trace elements (arsenic, copper, mercury, and selenium) had higher concentrations in fish tissue at nonurban sites than at urban sites. Concentrations decreased over time for organochlorine compounds at all three reservoirs, probably a result of the discontinued use of many of the compounds. Decreasing trends in SVOCs and trace elements were observed at West Street Basin, but increasing trends were observed at Canyon Lake. Concentrations of organochlorine compounds, SVOCs, and trace elements were higher during periods of above average rainfall at both West Street Basin and Canyon Lake.

Production method for making rare earth compounds

DOEpatents

McCallum, R.W.; Ellis, T.W.; Dennis, K.W.; Hofer, R.J.; Branagan, D.J.

1997-11-25

A method of making a rare earth compound, such as a earth-transition metal permanent magnet compound, without the need for producing rare earth metal as a process step, comprises carbothermically reacting a rare earth oxide to form a rare earth carbide and heating the rare earth carbide, a compound-forming reactant (e.g., a transition metal and optional boron), and a carbide-forming element (e.g., a refractory metal) that forms a carbide that is more thermodynamically favorable than the rare earth carbide whereby the rare earth compound (e.g., Nd{sub 2}Fe{sub 14}B or LaNi{sub 5}) and a carbide of the carbide-forming element are formed.

Production method for making rare earth compounds

DOEpatents

McCallum, R. William; Ellis, Timothy W.; Dennis, Kevin W.; Hofer, Robert J.; Branagan, Daniel J.

1997-11-25

A method of making a rare earth compound, such as a earth-transition metal permanent magnet compound, without the need for producing rare earth metal as a process step, comprises carbothermically reacting a rare earth oxide to form a rare earth carbide and heating the rare earth carbide, a compound-forming reactant (e.g. a transition metal and optional boron), and a carbide-forming element (e.g. a refractory metal) that forms a carbide that is more thermodynamically favorable than the rare earth carbide whereby the rare earth compound (e.g. Nd.sub.2 Fe.sub.14 B or LaNi.sub.5) and a carbide of the carbide-forming element are formed.

Concentrations of trace elements and compounds in the airborne suspended particulate matter in Cleveland, Ohio, from August 1971 to August 1972 and their dependence on wind direction: Complete data listing and concentration roses

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

King, R. B.; Neustadter, H. E.

1976-01-01

Concentrations of 75 chemical constituents in the airborne particulate matter were measured in Cleveland, Ohio during 1971 and 1972. Daily values, maxima, geometric means and their standard deviations covering a 1-year period (45 to 50 sampling days) at each of 16 sites are presented on microfiche for 60 elements, and for a lesser number of days for 10 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds (PAH), the aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds (AH) as a group and carbon. In addition, concentration roses showing directional properties are presented for 39 elements, 10 PAH and the AH as a group. The elements (except carbon) are shown both in terms of concentration and percentage of the suspended particulate matter.

Continued improvement in reduced-mode (REM) diodes enable 272 W from 105 μm 0.15 NA beam

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kanskar, M.; Bao, L.; Chen, Z.; Dawson, D.; DeVito, M.; Dong, W.; Grimshaw, M.; Guan, X.; Hemenway, M.; Martinsen, R.; Urbanek, W.; Zhang, S.

2017-02-01

High-power, high-brightness diode lasers from 8xx nm to 9xx nm have been pursued in many applications including fiber laser pumping, materials processing, solid-state laser pumping, and consumer electronics manufacturing. In particular, 915 nm - 976 nm diodes are of interest as diode pumps for the kilowatt CW fiber lasers. Thus, there have been many technical efforts on driving the diode lasers to have both high power and high brightness to achieve high-performance and reduced manufacturing costs. This paper presents our continued progress in the development of high brightness fiber-coupled product platform, elementTM. In the past decade, the amount of power coupled into a single 105 μm and 0.15 NA fiber has increased by over a factor of ten through improved diode laser brilliance and the development of techniques for efficiently coupling multiple emitters into a single fiber. In this paper, we demonstrate the further brightness improvement and power-scaling enabled by both the rise in chip brightness/power and the increase in number of chips coupled into a given numerical aperture. We report a new x-REM design with brightness as high as 4.3 W/mm-mrad at a BPP of 3 mm-mrad. We also report the record 272W from a 2×9 elementTM with 105 μm/0.15 NA beam using x-REM diodes and a new product introduction at 200W output power from 105 μm/0.15 NA beam at 915 nm.

Improvement in reduced-mode (REM) diodes enable 315 W from 105-μm 0.15-NA fiber-coupled modules

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kanskar, M.; Bao, L.; Chen, Z.; Dawson, D.; DeVito, M.; Dong, W.; Grimshaw, M.; Guan, X.; Hemenway, M.; Martinsen, R.; Urbanek, W.; Zhang, S.

2018-02-01

High-power, high-brightness diode lasers have been pursued for many applications including fiber laser pumping, materials processing, solid-state laser pumping, and consumer electronics manufacturing. In particular, 915 nm - and 976 nm diodes are of interest as diode pumps for the kilowatt CW fiber lasers. As a result, there have been many technical thrusts for driving the diode lasers to have both high power and high brightness to achieve high-performance and reduced manufacturing costs. This paper presents our continued progress in the development of high brightness fiber-coupled product platform, nLIGHT element®. In the past decade, the power coupled into a single 105 μm and 0.15 NA fiber has increased by over a factor of ten through improved diode laser brightness and the development of techniques for efficiently coupling multiple emitters. In this paper, we demonstrate further brightness improvement and power-scaling enabled by both the rise in chip brightness/power and the increase in number of chips coupled into a given numerical aperture. We report a new chip technology using x-REM design with brightness as high as 4.3 W/mm-mrad at a BPP of 3 mm-mrad. We also report record 315 W output from a 2×12 nLIGHT element with 105 μm diameter fiber using x-REM diodes and these diodes will allow next generation of fiber-coupled product capable of 250W output power from 105 μm/0.15 NA beam at 915 nm.

Neutron imaging systems utilizing lithium-containing semiconductor crystals

DOEpatents

Stowe, Ashley C.; Burger, Arnold

2017-04-25

A neutron imaging system, including: a plurality of Li-III-VI.sub.2 semiconductor crystals arranged in an array, wherein III represents a Group III element and VI represents a Group VI element; and electronics operable for detecting and a charge in each of the plurality of crystals in the presence of neutrons and for imaging the neutrons. Each of the crystals is formed by: melting the Group III element; adding the Li to the melted Group III element at a rate that allows the Li and Group III element to react, thereby providing a single phase Li-III compound; and adding the Group VI element to the single phase Li-III compound and heating. Optionally, each of the crystals is also formed by doping with a Group IV element activator.

Toward imaging the body at 10.5 tesla.

PubMed

Ertürk, M Arcan; Wu, Xiaoping; Eryaman, Yiğitcan; Van de Moortele, Pierre-François; Auerbach, Edward J; Lagore, Russell L; DelaBarre, Lance; Vaughan, J Thomas; Uğurbil, Kâmil; Adriany, Gregor; Metzger, Gregory J

2017-01-01

To explore the potential of performing body imaging at 10.5 Tesla (T) compared with 7.0T through evaluating the transmit/receive performance of similarly configured dipole antenna arrays. Fractionated dipole antenna elements for 10.5T body imaging were designed and evaluated using numerical simulations. Transmit performance of antenna arrays inside the prostate, kidneys and heart were investigated and compared with those at 7.0T using both phase-only radiofrequency (RF) shimming and multi-spoke pulses. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) comparisons were also performed. A 10-channel antenna array was constructed to image the abdomen of a swine at 10.5T. Numerical methods were validated with phantom studies at both field strengths. Similar power efficiencies were observed inside target organs with phase-only shimming, but RF nonuniformity was significantly higher at 10.5T. Spokes RF pulses allowed similar transmit performance with accompanying local specific absorption rate increases of 25-90% compared with 7.0T. Relative SNR gains inside the target anatomies were calculated to be >two-fold higher at 10.5T, and 2.2-fold SNR gain was measured in a phantom. Gradient echo and fast spin echo imaging demonstrated the feasibility of body imaging at 10.5T with the designed array. While comparable power efficiencies can be achieved using dipole antenna arrays with static shimming at 10.5T; increasing RF nonuniformities underscore the need for efficient, robust, and safe parallel transmission methods. Magn Reson Med 77:434-443, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.

Preliminary analysis of an extensive one year survey of trace elements and compounds in the suspended particulate matter in Cleveland, Ohio

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

King, R. B.; Fordyce, J. S.; Antoine, A. C.; Leibecki, H. F.; Neustadter, H. E.; Sidik, S. M.; Burr, J. C.; Craig, G. T.; Cornett, C. L.

1974-01-01

Beginning in 1971 a cooperative program has been carried on by the City of Cleveland Division of Air Pollution Control and NASA Lewis Research Center to study the trace element and compound concentrations in the ambient suspended particulate matter in Cleveland Ohio as a function of source, monitoring location and meteorological conditions. The major objectives were to determine the ambient concentration levels at representative urban sites and to develop a technique using trace element and compound data in conjunction with meteorological conditions to identify specific pollution sources which could be developed into a practical system that could be readily utilized by an enforcement agency.

Hydrogen atom donor compounds as contrast enhancers for black-and-white photothermographic and thermographic elements

DOEpatents

Harring, Lori S.; Simpson, Sharon M.; Sansbury, Francis H.

1997-01-01

Hydrogen atom donor compounds are useful as contrast enhancers when used in combination with (i) hindered phenol developers, and (ii) trityl hydrazide and/or formyl-phenyl hydrazine co-developers, to produce ultra-high contrast black-and-white photothermographic and thermographic elements. The photothermographic and thermographic elements may be used as a photomask in a process where there is a subsequent exposure of an ultraviolet or short wavelength visible radiation-sensitive imageable medium.

[Determination of 24 metal elements and their compounds in air of workplace by ICP-AES].

PubMed

Wang, Xiang; Qiu, Jianguo; Zhao, Zhonglin; Guo, Ying

2014-06-01

To establish a method for determination of the levels of 24 metal elements and their compounds in the air of workplace by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP- AES). Sampling filters were digested by microwave, and diluted to 25 ml. Twenty-four elements (Mg, Ni, K, Mo, Zn, Ca, Ba, Pb, Mn, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Sr, Bi, Tl, Sn, Li, Sb, Zr, In, V, Y, and Be) were simultaneously measured by ICP-AES. The detection limits for 24 elements were 0.001∼0.029 mg/L; liner correlation coefficient r values were all equal to or above 0.9994; the relative standard derivations were less than 5%; the recovery rates were 91.2%∼103.9%; the degradation rates in 7 days were less than 9.7%. ICP-AES technique is a simple, rapid, accurate, and reliable method, which can be used to measure 24 metal elements and their compounds in the air of workplace.

Synthesis of isatin thiosemicarbazones derivatives: in vitro anti-cancer, DNA binding and cleavage activities.

PubMed

Ali, Amna Qasem; Teoh, Siang Guan; Salhin, Abdussalam; Eltayeb, Naser Eltaher; Khadeer Ahamed, Mohamed B; Abdul Majid, A M S

2014-05-05

New derivatives of thiosemicarbazone Schiff base with isatin moiety were synthesized L1-L6. The structures of these compounds were characterized based on the spectroscopic techniques. Compound L6 was further characterized by XRD single crystal. The interaction of these compounds with calf thymus (CT-DNA) exhibited high intrinsic binding constant (k(b)=5.03-33.00×10(5) M(-1)) for L1-L3 and L5 and (6.14-9.47×10(4) M(-1)) for L4 and L6 which reflect intercalative activity of these compounds toward CT-DNA. This result was also confirmed by the viscosity data. The electrophoresis studies reveal the higher cleavage activity of L1-L3 than L4-L6. The in vitro anti-proliferative activity of these compounds against human colon cancer cell line (HCT 116) revealed that the synthesized compounds (L3, L6 and L2) exhibited good anticancer potency. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The organic analysis and carbon chemistry of lunar samples: Their significance for exobiology; Proceedings of the Conference, University of Maryland, College Park, Md., October 26-28, 1971.

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1972-01-01

Various methods used in the organic analysis of lunar samples are reviewed. The scope, advantages, and limitations of these methods are discussed, with particular emphasis on possible sources of contamination and experimental artifacts inherent in their use. A broad survey of the organogenic elements and compounds found in lunar samples covers the search for biogenic structures and viable organisms; the abundance and isotopic composition of various elements and compounds; the search for porphyrins, amino acids, or amino acid precursors; and the presence of heterocylics, aromatic hydrocarbons, and other organic compounds. The sources of the organogenic elements and compounds detected in lunar samples are discussed. The significance of the lunar organic analysis for exobiology is discussed in terms of its relevance to and implications for the studies of chemical evolution and terrestrial organic geochemistry. Individual items are announced in this issue.

Multi-element compound specific stable isotope analysis of chlorinated aliphatic contaminants derived from chlorinated pitches.

PubMed

Filippini, Maria; Nijenhuis, Ivonne; Kümmel, Steffen; Chiarini, Veronica; Crosta, Giovanni; Richnow, Hans H; Gargini, Alessandro

2018-05-30

Tetrachloroethene and trichloroethene are typical by-products of the industrial production of chloromethanes. These by-products are known as "chlorinated pitches" and were often dumped in un-contained waste disposal sites causing groundwater contaminations. Previous research showed that a strongly depleted stable carbon isotope signature characterizes chlorinated compounds associated with chlorinated pitches whereas manufactured commercial compounds have more enriched carbon isotope ratios. The findings were restricted to a single case study and one element (i.e. carbon). This paper presents a multi-element Compound-Specific Stable Isotope Analysis (CSIA, including carbon, chlorine and hydrogen) of chlorinated aliphatic contaminants originated from chlorinated pitches at two sites with different hydrogeology and different producers of chloromethanes. The results show strongly depleted carbon signatures at both sites whereas the chlorine and the hydrogen signatures are comparable to those presented in the literature for manufactured commercial compounds. Multi-element CSIA allowed the identification of sources and site-specific processes affecting chloroethene transformation in groundwater as a result of emergency remediation measures. CSIA turned out to be an effective forensic tool to address the liability for the contamination, leading to a conviction for the crimes of unintentional aggravated public water supply poisoning and environmental disaster. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Reactive codoping of GaAlInP compound semiconductors

DOEpatents

Hanna, Mark Cooper [Boulder, CO; Reedy, Robert [Golden, CO

2008-02-12

A GaAlInP compound semiconductor and a method of producing a GaAlInP compound semiconductor are provided. The apparatus and method comprises a GaAs crystal substrate in a metal organic vapor deposition reactor. Al, Ga, In vapors are prepared by thermally decomposing organometallic compounds. P vapors are prepared by thermally decomposing phospine gas, group II vapors are prepared by thermally decomposing an organometallic group IIA or IIB compound. Group VIB vapors are prepared by thermally decomposing a gaseous compound of group VIB. The Al, Ga, In, P, group II, and group VIB vapors grow a GaAlInP crystal doped with group IIA or IIB and group VIB elements on the substrate wherein the group IIA or IIB and a group VIB vapors produced a codoped GaAlInP compound semiconductor with a group IIA or IIB element serving as a p-type dopant having low group II atomic diffusion.

Carbon nanotubes based vacuum gauge

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rudyk, N. N.; Il'in, O. I.; Il'ina, M. V.; Fedotov, A. A.; Klimin, V. S.; Ageev, O. A.

2017-11-01

We have created an ionization type Vacuum gauge with sensor element based on an array of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes. Obtained asymmetrical current-voltage characteristics at different voltage polarity on the electrode with the CNTs. It was found that when applying a negative potential on an electrode with the CNTs, the current in the gap is higher than at a positive potential. In the pressure range of 1 ÷ 103 Torr vacuum gauge sensitivity was 6 mV/Torr (at a current of 4.5·10-5 A) and in the range of 10-5 ÷ 1 Torr was 10 mV/Torr (at a current of 1.3·10-5 A). It is shown that the energy efficiency of vacuum gauge can be increased in the case where electrode with CNT operates as an emitter of electrons.

Volatile organic compounds and trace metal level in some beers collected from Romanian market

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Voica, Cezara; Kovacs, Melinda; Vadan, Marius

2013-11-01

Beer is one of the most popular beverages at worldwide level. Through this study fifteen different types of beer collected from Romanian market were analysed in order to evaluate their mineral, trace element as well the their organic content. Importance of such characterization of beer samples is supported by the fact that their chemical composition can affect both taste and stability of beer, as well the consumer health. Minerals and trace elements analysis were performed on ICP-MS while organic compounds analysis was done through GC-MS. Through ICP-MS analysis, elements as Ca, Na, K and Mg were evidenced at mgṡkg-1 order while elements as Cr, Ba, Co, Ni were detected at lower level. After GC-MS analysis the major volatile compounds that were detected belong to alcohols namely ethanol, propanol, isobutanol, isoamyl alcohol and linalool. Selected fatty acids and esters were evidenced also in the studied beer samples.

Method of making compound semiconductor films and making related electronic devices

DOEpatents

Basol, Bulent M.; Kapur, Vijay K.; Halani, Arvind T.; Leidholm, Craig R.; Roe, Robert A.

1999-01-01

A method of forming a compound film includes the steps of preparing a source material, depositing the source material on a base to form a precursor film, and heating the precursor film in a suitable atmosphere to form a film. The source material includes Group IB-IIIA alloy-containing particles having at least one Group IB-IIIA alloy phase, with Group IB-IIIA alloys constituting greater than about 50 molar percent of the Group IB elements and greater than about 50 molar percent of the Group IIIA elements in the source material. The film, then, includes a Group IB-IIIA-VIA compound. The molar ratio of Group IB to Group IIIA elements in the source material may be greater than about 0.80 and less than about 1.0, or substantially greater than 1.0, in which case this ratio in the compound film may be reduced to greater than about 0.80 and less than about 1.0. The source material may be prepared as an ink from particles in powder form. The alloy phase may include a dopant. Compound films including a Group IIB-IVA-VA compound or a Group IB-VA-VIA compound may be substituted using appropriate substitutions in the method. The method, also, is applicable to fabrication of solar cells and other electronic devices.

Synthesis and Chemistry of Organic Geminal Di- and Triazides.

PubMed

Häring, Andreas P; Kirsch, Stefan F

2015-11-06

This review recapitulates all available literature dealing with the synthesis and reactivity of geminal organic di- and triazides. These compound classes are, to a large extent, unexplored despite their promising chemical properties and their simple preparation. In addition, the chemistry of carbonyl diazide (2) and tetraazidomethane (105) is described in separate sections.

Process and apparatus for formation of photovoltaic compounds

DOEpatents

Hall, Robert B.; Rocheleau, Richard E.

1985-01-01

The invention relates to a process and apparatus for formation and deposition of thin films on a substrate, in a vacuum, by evaporation of the elements to form a Zn.sub.x Cd.sub.1-x S compound having a preselected fixed ratio of cadmium to zinc, characterized by the evaporation of cadmium and zinc at a rate the ratio of which is proportional to the stoichiometric ratio of those elements in the intended compound and evaporation of sulfur at a rate at least twice the combined rates of cadmium and zinc, and at least twice that required by the stoichiometry of the intended compound.

Identification of "Known Unknowns" Utilizing Accurate Mass Data and ChemSpider

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Little, James L.; Williams, Antony J.; Pshenichnov, Alexey; Tkachenko, Valery

2012-01-01

In many cases, an unknown to an investigator is actually known in the chemical literature, a reference database, or an internet resource. We refer to these types of compounds as "known unknowns." ChemSpider is a very valuable internet database of known compounds useful in the identification of these types of compounds in commercial, environmental, forensic, and natural product samples. The database contains over 26 million entries from hundreds of data sources and is provided as a free resource to the community. Accurate mass mass spectrometry data is used to query the database by either elemental composition or a monoisotopic mass. Searching by elemental composition is the preferred approach. However, it is often difficult to determine a unique elemental composition for compounds with molecular weights greater than 600 Da. In these cases, searching by the monoisotopic mass is advantageous. In either case, the search results are refined by sorting the number of references associated with each compound in descending order. This raises the most useful candidates to the top of the list for further evaluation. These approaches were shown to be successful in identifying "known unknowns" noted in our laboratory and for compounds of interest to others.

Curriculum Design Issues in Developing a Doctor of Philosophy Program in Aeronology.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Johnson, Jeffrey A.

1997-01-01

Aviation education institutions (75 of 105 surveyed) expressed their preferences for the elements of a Ph.D. program in aeronology (nonengineering aerospace/aeronautical sciences). A research/practitioner model, core curriculum, and second area of specialization were supported. (SK)

Synthesis and structure determination of new open-framework chromium carboxylate MIL-105 or Cr{sup III}(OH).{l_brace}O{sub 2}C-C{sub 6}(CH{sub 3}){sub 4}-CO{sub 2}{r_brace}.nH{sub 2}O

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Serre, Christian; Millange, Franck; Devic, Thomas

2006-08-10

Two new three-dimensional chromium(III) dicarboxylate, MIL-105 or Cr{sup III}(OH).{l_brace}O{sub 2}C-C{sub 6}(CH{sub 3}){sub 4}-CO{sub 2}{r_brace}.nH{sub 2}O, have been obtained under hydrothermal conditions, and their structures solved using X-ray powder diffraction data. Both solids are structural analogs of the known Cr benzenedicarboxylate compound (MIL-53). Both contain trans corner-sharing CrO{sub 4}(OH){sub 2} octahedral chains connected by tetramethylterephthalate di-anions. Each chain is linked by the ligands to four other chains to form a three-dimensional framework with an array of 1D pores channels. The pores of the high temperature form of the solid, MIL-105ht, are empty. However, MIL-105ht re-hydrates at room temperature to finally givemore » MIL-105lt with pores channels filled with free water molecules (lt: low temperature form; ht: high temperature form). The thermal behaviour of the two solids has been investigated using TGA. Crystal data for MIL-105ht: monoclinic space group C2/c with a = 19.653(1) A, b = 9.984(1) A, c = 6.970(1) A, {beta} = 110.67(1){sup o} and Z = 4. Crystal data for MIL-105lt: orthorhombic space group Pnam with a = 17.892(1) A, b = 11.165(1) A, c = 6.916(1) A and Z = 4.« less

The effect of melt composition on the partitioning of trace elements between titanite and silicate melt

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Prowatke, S.; Klemme, S.

2003-04-01

The aim of this study is to systematically investigate the influence of melt composition on the partitioning of trace elements between titanite and different silicate melts. Titanite was chosen because of its important role as an accessory mineral, particularly with regard to intermediate to silicic alkaline and calc-alkaline magmas [e.g. 1] and of its relative constant mineral composition over a wide range of bulk compositions. Experiments at atmospheric pressure were performed at temperatures between 1150°C and 1050°C. Bulk compositions were chosen to represent a basaltic andesite (SH3 - 53% SiO2), a dacite (SH2 - 65 SiO2) and a rhyolite (SH1 - 71% SiO2). Furthermore, two additional experimental series were conducted to investigate the effect of Al-Na and the Na-K ratio of melts on partitioning. Starting materials consisted of glasses that were doped with 23 trace elements including some selected rare earth elements (La, Ce, Pr, Sm, Gd, Lu), high field strength elements (Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta) and large ion lithophile elements (Cs, Rb, Ba) and Th and U. The experimental run products were analysed for trace elements using secondary ion mass spectrometry at Heidelberg University. Preliminary results indicate a strong effect of melt composition on trace element partition coefficients. Partition coefficients for rare-earth elements uniformly show a convex-upward shape [2, 3], since titanite accommodates the middle rare-earth elements more readily than the light rare-earth elements or the heavy rare-earth elements. Partition coefficients for the rare-earth elements follow a parabolic trend when plotted against ionic radius. The shape of the parabola is very similar for all studied bulk compositions, the position of the parabola, however, is strongly dependent on bulk composition. For example, isothermal rare-earth element partition coefficients (such as La) are incompatible (D<1) in alkali-rich silicate melts and strongly compatible (D>>1) in alkali-poor melt compositions. From our experimental data we present an model that combines the influence of the crystal lattice on partitioning with the effect of melt composition on trace element partition coefficients. [1] Nakada, S. (1991) Am. Mineral. 76: 548-560 [2] Green, T.H. and Pearson, N.J. (1986) Chem. Geol. 55: 105-119 [3] Tiepolo, M.; Oberti, R. and Vannucci, R. (2002) Chem. Geol. 191: 105-119

What does a compound letter tell the psychologist's mind?

PubMed

Navon, David

2003-11-01

The paradigm based on using compound stimuli for studying global and local processing is revisited. Noting that not all researchers employ compound stimuli for the same purpose, the issue of its purpose is discussed. It is argued that the paradigm is pertinent for examining at least three notions--formation preference, global addressability, and within-object global precedence. It is suggested that findings in the paradigm are accommodated well by a disjunction of those three perceptual dispositions. A number of further issues associated with the interpretation of findings obtained with it are examined as well. An experimental study is reported that is meant to examine one such issue--a possible artifact putatively introduced by the special attribute of element homogeneity characteristic of compound stimuli. Seven experiments were used to examine to what extent, if at all, global advantage observed in compound stimulus paradigms depends on element heterogeneity. Across those experiments, heterogeneity did not have any effect that could be interpreted as suggesting that the paradigm is biased in favor of the global structure due to element homogeneity.

48 CFR 9.105-2 - Determinations and documentation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... a responsive small business lacks certain elements of responsibility, the contracting officer shall... business concern (see subpart 19.6), the contracting officer shall accept the Small Business Administration... integrity and business ethics; and (C) The Small Business Administration does not issue a Certificate of...

48 CFR 9.105-2 - Determinations and documentation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... a responsive small business lacks certain elements of responsibility, the contracting officer shall... business concern (see subpart 19.6), the contracting officer shall accept the Small Business Administration... integrity and business ethics; and (C) The Small Business Administration does not issue a Certificate of...

48 CFR 9.105-2 - Determinations and documentation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... a responsive small business lacks certain elements of responsibility, the contracting officer shall... business concern (see subpart 19.6), the contracting officer shall accept the Small Business Administration... integrity and business ethics; and (C) The Small Business Administration does not issue a Certificate of...

Optical sensing elements for nitrogen dioxide (NO.sub.2) gas detection, a sol-gel method for making the sensing elements and fiber optic sensors incorporating nitrogen dioxide gas optical sensing elements

DOEpatents

Mechery, Shelly John [Mississippi State, MS; Singh, Jagdish P [Starkville, MS

2007-07-03

A sensing element, a method of making a sensing element, and a fiber optic sensor incorporating the sensing element are described. The sensor can be used for the quantitative detection of NO.sub.2 in a mixture of gases. The sensing element can be made by incorporating a diazotizing reagent which reacts with nitrous ions to produce a diazo compound and a coupling reagent which couples with the diazo compound to produce an azo dye into a sol and allowing the sol to form an optically transparent gel. The sensing element changes color in the presence of NO.sub.2 gas. The temporal response of the absorption spectrum at various NO.sub.2 concentrations has also been recorded and analyzed. Sensors having different design configurations are described. The sensing element can detect NO.sub.2 gas at levels of parts per billion.

Beta cell device using icosahedral boride compounds

DOEpatents

Aselage, Terrence L.; Emin, David

2002-01-01

A beta cell for converting beta-particle energies into electrical energy having a semiconductor junction that incorporates an icosahedral boride compound selected from B.sub.12 As.sub.2, B.sub.12 P.sub.2, elemental boron having an .alpha.-rhombohedral structure, elemental boron having a .beta.-rhombohedral structure, and boron carbides of the chemical formula B.sub.12-x C.sub.3-x, where 0.15

Trace elements and organic compounds in streambed sediment and aquatic biota from the Sacramento River Basin, California, October and November 1995

USGS Publications Warehouse

MacCoy, Dorene E.; Domagalski, Joseph L.

1999-01-01

Elevated levels of trace elements and hydrophobic organic compounds were detected in streambed sediments and aquatic biota [Asiatic clam (Corbicula fluminea) or bottom-feeding fish] of the Sacramento River Basin, California, during October and November 1995. Trace elements detected included cadmium, copper, mercury, lead, and zinc. Elevated levels of cadmium, copper, and zinc in the upper Sacramento River are attributed to a mining land use, and elevated levels of zinc and lead in an urban stream, and possibly in the lower Sacramento River, are attributed to urban runoff processes. Elevated levels of mercury in streambed sediment are attributed to either past mercury mining or to the use of mercury in past gold mining operations. Mercury mining was an important land use within the Coast Ranges in the past and gold mining was an important land use of the Sierra Nevada in the past. Mercury was the only trace element found in elevated levels in the tissue of aquatic biota, and those levels also could be attributed to either mining or urban runoff. Hydrophobic organic compounds also were detected in streambed sediments and aquatic biota. The most frequently detected compounds were DDT and its breakdown products, dieldrin, oxychlordane, and toxaphene. Differences were found in the types of compounds detected at agricultural sites and the urban site. Although both types of sites had measurable concentrations of DDT or its breakdown products, the urban site also had measurable concentrations of pesticides used for household pest control. Few semivolatile compounds were detected in the streambed sediments of any site. The semivolatile compound p-cresol, a coal-tar derivative associated with road maintenance, was found in the highest concentration.

Frequency Compounded Imaging with a High-Frequency Dual Element Transducer

PubMed Central

Chang, Jin Ho; Kim, Hyung Ham; Lee, Jungwoo; Shung, K. Kirk

2014-01-01

This paper proposes a frequency compounding method to reduce speckle interferences, where a concentric annular type high-frequency dual element transducer is used to broaden the bandwidth of an imaging system. In frequency compounding methods, frequency division is carried out to obtain sub-band images containing uncorrelated speckles, which sacrifices axial resolution. Therefore, frequency compounding often deteriorates the target-detecting capability, quantified by the total signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), when the speckle’s SNR (SSNR) is not improved as much as the degraded axial resolution. However, this could be avoided if the effective bandwidth required for frequency compounding is increased. The primary goal of the proposed approach, hence, is to improve SSNR by a factor of two under the condition where axial resolution is degraded by a factor of less than two, which indicates the total SNR improvement to higher than 40% compared to that of an original image. Since the method here employs a dual element transducer operating at 20 and 40 MHz, the effective bandwidth necessary for frequency compounding becomes broadened. By dividing each spectrum of RF samples from both elements into two sub-bands, this method eventually enables four sets of the sub-band samples to contain uncorrelated speckles. This causes the axial resolution to be reduced by a factor of as low as 1.85, which means that this method would improve total SNR by at least 47 %. An in vitro experiment on an excised pig eye was performed to validate the proposed approach, and the results showed that the SSNR was improved from 2.081±0.365 in the original image to 4.206±0.635 in the final compounding image. PMID:19914674

Frequency compounded imaging with a high-frequency dual element transducer.

PubMed

Chang, Jin Ho; Kim, Hyung Ham; Lee, Jungwoo; Shung, K Kirk

2010-04-01

This paper proposes a frequency compounding method to reduce speckle interferences, where a concentric annular type high-frequency dual element transducer is used to broaden the bandwidth of an imaging system. In frequency compounding methods, frequency division is carried out to obtain sub-band images containing uncorrelated speckles, which sacrifices axial resolution. Therefore, frequency compounding often deteriorates the target-detecting capability, quantified by the total signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), when the speckle's SNR (SSNR) is not improved as much as the degraded axial resolution. However, this could be avoided if the effective bandwidth required for frequency compounding is increased. The primary goal of the proposed approach, hence, is to improve SSNR by a factor of two under the condition where axial resolution is degraded by a factor of less than two, which indicates the total SNR improvement to higher than 40% compared to that of an original image. Since the method here employs a dual element transducer operating at 20 and 40MHz, the effective bandwidth necessary for frequency compounding becomes broadened. By dividing each spectrum of RF samples from both elements into two sub-bands, this method eventually enables four sets of the sub-band samples to contain uncorrelated speckles. This causes the axial resolution to be reduced by a factor of as low as 1.85, which means that this method would improve total SNR by at least 47%. An in vitro experiment on an excised pig eye was performed to validate the proposed approach, and the results showed that the SSNR was improved from 2.081+/-0.365 in the original image to 4.206+/-0.635 in the final compounding image. Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Ni/metal hydride secondary element

DOEpatents

Bauerlein, Peter

2005-04-19

A Ni/metal hydride secondary element having a positive nickel hydroxide electrode, a negative electrode having a hydrogen storage alloy, and an alkaline electrolyte, the positive electrode, provided with a three-dimensional metallic conductive structure, also contains an aluminum compound which is soluble in the electrolyte, in addition to nickel hydroxide and cobalt oxide. The aluminum compound is aluminum hydroxide and/or aluminum oxide, and the mass of the aluminum compound which is present in the positive bulk material mixture is 0.1 to 2% by weight relative to the mass of the nickel hydroxide which is present. In combination with aluminum hydroxide or aluminum oxide, the positive electrode further contains lanthanoid oxidic compounds Y.sub.2 O.sub.3, La.sub.2 O.sub.3 and Ca(OH).sub.2, as well as mixtures of these compounds.

[Flotation and extraction spectrophotometric determination of trace silicate in water].

PubMed

Di, J; Liu, Q; Li, W

2000-12-01

In HCl solution, silicate reacted with molybdate ammonium to produce silicomolibdic, then a yellow compound which was produced from the oxidation of TMB was simultaneously isolated to benzene phase by flotation and then isolated to dimethylsulfoxideformic acid by extraction. The compound gives a high absorption at 458 nm. The apparent molar absorptivity is 1.26 x 10(5) L.mol-1.cm-1. In the range of 0.02-1 mg.L-1 Si obeys Beer's law. The proposed method which combines with enrichment and measurement is simple, rapid, selective and convenient to determine silicate in water with satisfied results.

Structure Diversity, Synthesis, and Biological Activity of Cyathane Diterpenoids in Higher Fungi.

PubMed

Tang, Hao-Yu; Yin, Xia; Zhang, Cheng-Chen; Jia, Qian; Gao, Jin-Ming

2015-01-01

Cyathane diterpenoids, occurring exclusively in higher basidiomycete (mushrooms), represent a structurally diverse class of natural products based on a characteristic 5-6-7 tricyclic carbon scaffold, including 105 members reported to date. These compounds show a diverse range of biological activities, such as antimicrobial, anti-MRSA, agonistic toward the kappa-opioid receptor, antiinflammatory, anti-proliferative and nerve growth factor (NGF)-like properties. The present review focuses on the structure diversity, structure elucidation and biological studies of these compounds, including mechanisms of actions and structure-activity relationships (SARs). In addition, new progress in chemical synthesis of cyathane diterpenoids is discussed.

Grid Effect on Spherical Shallow Water Jets Using Continuous and Discontinuous Galerkin Methods

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-01-01

The high-order Legendre -Gauss-Lobatto (LGL) points are added to the linear grid by projecting the linear elements onto the auxiliary gnomonic space...mapping, the triangles are subdivided into smaller ones by a Lagrange polynomial of order nI . The number of quadrilateral elements and grid points of...of the acceleration of gravity and the vertical height of the fluid), ν∇2 is the artificial viscosity term of viscous coefficient ν = 1× 105 m2 s−1

A positive immunoselection method to isolate villous cytotrophoblast cells from first trimester and term placenta to high purity.

PubMed

Pötgens, A J G; Kataoka, H; Ferstl, S; Frank, H-G; Kaufmann, P

2003-04-01

We developed a method for isolating highly pure villous cytotrophoblast cells from first trimester and term placenta that excludes extravillous trophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast fragments. The method is based on positive immunoselection using an antibody (mAb C76/18) reacting with hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor 1, HAI-1, a membrane antigen on villous cytotrophoblast. As a comparison, we also immunopurified cells using an antibody against CD105, present on syncytiotrophoblast and some extravillous trophoblast cells. The isolates were characterized by flow cytometry. HAI-1-positive cells from first trimester and term placentae were highly pure (>98 per cent cytokeratin 7-positive) mononuclear trophoblast cells. These isolations were contaminated with only very small percentages of vimentin and CD45-positive cells. HAI-1-positive trophoblast cells lacked CD105 and also HLA class I, a marker for extravillous trophoblast. In culture HAI-1-positive cells adhered, displayed an epithelial morphology, and survived for more than three days. In contrast, CD105-positive cell fractions from first trimester placenta were a heterogeneous mixture of mononuclear and multinuclear elements consisting of syncytiotrophoblast fragments, extravillous trophoblast cells, as well as around 5 per cent non-trophoblastic contaminants. In conclusion, the positive immunoselection method using antibody C76/18 yielded highly pure villous cytotrophoblast cells devoid of elements derived from syncytiotrophoblast or extravillous trophoblast.

Method For Growth of Crystal Surfaces and Growth of Heteroepitaxial Single Crystal Films Thereon

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Powell, J. Anthony (Inventor); Larkin, David J. (Inventor); Neudeck, Philip G. (Inventor); Matus, Lawrence G. (Inventor)

2000-01-01

A method of growing atomically-flat surfaces and high quality low-defect crystal films of semiconductor materials and fabricating improved devices thereon is discussed. The method is also suitable for growing films heteroepitaxially on substrates that are different than the film. The method is particularly suited for growth of elemental semiconductors (such as Si), compounds of Groups III and V elements of the Periodic Table (such as GaN), and compounds and alloys of Group IV elements of the Periodic Table (such as SiC).

Progress in the field of physiologically active lanosterol compounds

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Reshetova, I. G.; Tkhaper, R. K.; Kamernitskii, Alexey V.

1992-08-01

This review correlates the studies (up to 1991) on the isolation, structural determination, biological activity, and synthesis of physiologically active polyoxidised lanosterol derivatives of vegetable (inotodiol, ganoderic acids) and animal (seychellogenin) origin. The cytotoxic, cardiovascular, and other forms of activity of compounds of this type are of considerable interest in relation to their medical use. It is noted that the functionalised side chain (in an open form or containing lactones, lactols, etc.) is generally responsible for the activity exhibited by lanosterol derivatives. Two basic approaches to the derivation of these structures are defined: either by complete reconstruction of the side chain of lanosterol (degradation and rebuilding with oxygen-containing residues) or by progressive functionalisation of the Δ24-side chain of lanosterol. The synthesis of the known anticancer compound "inotodiol", seychellogenins, ganoderic acids, and other compounds are described. The bibliography includes 105 references.

Gel-free/label-free proteomic analysis of developing rice grains under heat stress.

PubMed

Timabud, Tarinee; Yin, Xiaojian; Pongdontri, Paweena; Komatsu, Setsuko

2016-02-05

High temperature markedly reduces the yields and quality of rice grains. To identify the mechanisms underlying heat stress-induced responses in rice grains, proteomic technique was used. Developing Khao Dawk Mali 105 rice grains at the milky, dough, and mature stages were treated at 40 °C for 3 days. Aromatic compounds were decreased in rice grains under heat stress. The protein abundance involved in glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle, including glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase and citrate synthase, was changed in milky and dough grains after heat treatment; however, none changes in mature grains. The abundance involved in amino acid metabolism was increased in dough grains, but decreased in milky grains. In addition, the abundance involved in starch and sucrose metabolism, such as starch synthase, ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, granule-bound starch synthase, and alpha amylase, was decreased in milky grains, but increased in dough grains. A number of redox homeostasis-related proteins, such as ascorbate peroxidase and peroxiredoxin, were increased in developing rice grains treated with heat stress. These results suggest that in response to heat stress, the abundance of numerous proteins involved in redox homeostasis and carbohydrate biosynthetic pathways may play a major role in the development of KDML105 rice grains. Yield of Khao Dawk Mali 105 rice, which is an economical aromatic rice, was disrupted by environmental stress. Rice grains developed under heat stress caused loss of aroma compound. To identify the mechanism of heat response in rice grain, gel-free/label-free proteomic technique was used. The abundance of proteins involved in glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle was disrupted by heat stress. High temperature limited starch biosynthesis; however, it enhanced sugar biosynthesis in developing rice grains. Redox homeostasis related proteins were disrupted by heat stress. These results suggest that proteins involved in redox homeostasis and carbohydrate pathway might play a major role in developing grains in Khao Dawk Mali 105 rice under heat stress. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

GSTP1 Polymorphisms and their Association with Glutathione Transferase and Peroxidase Activities in Patients with Motor Neuron Disease.

PubMed

Gajewska, Beata; Kaźmierczak, Beata; Kuźma-Kozakiewicz, Magdalena; Jamrozik, Zygmunt; Barańczyk-Kuźma, Anna

2015-01-01

Glutathione S-transferase pi (GSTP1) is a crucial enzyme in detoxification of electrophilic compounds and organic peroxides. Together with Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase (Se-GSHPx) it protects cells against oxidative stress which may be a primary factor implicated in motor neuron disease (MND) pathogenesis. We investigated GSTP1 polymorphisms and their relationship with GST and Se-GSTPx activities in a cohort of Polish patients with MND. Results were correlated with clinical phenotypes. The frequency of genetic variants for GSTP1 exon 5 (I105V) and exon 6 (A114V) was studied in 104 patients and 100 healthy controls using real-time polymerase chain reaction. GST transferase activity was determined in serum with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, its peroxidase activity with cumene hydroperoxide, and Se-GSHPx activity with hydrogen peroxide. There were no differences in the prevalence of GSTP1 polymorphism I105V and A114V between MND and controls, however the occurrence of CT variant in codon 114 was associated with a higher risk for MND. GSTP1 polymorphisms were less frequent in classic ALS than in progressive bulbar palsy. In classic ALS C* (heterozygous I /V and A /V) all studied activities were significantly lower than in classic ALS A* (homozygous I /I and A/A). GST peroxidase activity and Se-GSHPx activity were lower in classic ALS C* than in control C*, but in classic ALS A* Se-GSHPx activity was significantly higher than in control A*. It can be concluded that the presence of GSTP1 A114V but not I105V variant increases the risk of MND, and combined GSTP1 polymorphisms in codon 105 and 114 may result in lower protection of MND patients against the toxicity of electrophilic compounds, organic and inorganic hydroperoxides.

An elemental model of retrospective revaluation without within-compound associations.

PubMed

Connor, Patrick C; Lolordo, Vincent M; Trappenberg, Thomas P

2014-03-01

When retrospective revaluation phenomena (e.g., unovershadowing: AB+, then A-, then test B) were discovered, simple elemental models were at a disadvantage because they could not explain such phenomena. Extensions of these models and novel models appealed to within-compound associations to accommodate these new data. Here, we present an elemental, neural network model of conditioning that explains retrospective revaluation apart from within-compound associations. In the model, previously paired stimuli (say, A and B, after AB+) come to activate similar ensembles of neurons, so that revaluation of one stimulus (A-) has the opposite effect on the other stimulus (B) through changes (decreases) in the strength of the inhibitory connections between neurons activated by B. The ventral striatum is discussed as a possible home for the structure and function of the present model.

Trace element, semivolatile organic, and chlorinated organic compound concentrations in bed sediments of selected streams at Fort Gordon, Georgia, February-April 2010

USGS Publications Warehouse

Thomas, Lashun K.; Journey, Celeste A.; Stringfield, Whitney J.; Clark, Jimmy M.; Bradley, Paul M.; Wellborn, John B.; Ratliff, Hagan; Abrahamsen, Thomas A.

2011-01-01

A spatial survey of streams was conducted from February to April 2010 to assess the concentrations of major ions, selected trace elements, semivolatile organic compounds, organochlorine pesticides, and polychlorinated biphenyls associated with the bed sediments of surface waters at Fort Gordon military installation near Augusta, Georgia. This investigation expanded a previous study conducted in May 1998 by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of the Army Environmental and Natural Resources Management Office of the U.S. Army Signal Center and Fort Gordon, that evaluated the streambed sediment quality of selected surface waters at Fort Gordon. The data presented in this report are intended to help evaluate bed sediment quality in relation to guidelines for the protection of aquatic life, and identify temporal trends in trace elements and semivolatile organic compound concentrations at streambed sites previously sampled. Concentrations of 34 major ions and trace elements and 102 semivolatile organic, organochlorine pesticide, and polychlorinated biphenyl compounds were determined in the fine-grained fraction of bed sediment samples collected from 13 of the original 29 sites in the previous study, and 22 additional sites at Fort Gordon. Three of the sites were considered reference sites as they were presumed to be located away from potential sources of contaminants and were selected to represent surface waters flowing onto the fort, and the remaining 32 nonreference sites were presumed to be located within the contamination area at the fort. Temporal trends in trace elements and semivolatile organic compound concentrations also were evaluated at 13 of the 32 nonreference sites to provide an assessment of the variability in the number of detections and concentrations of constituents in bed sediment associated with potential sources, accumulation, and attenuation processes. Major ion and trace element concentrations in fine-grained bed sediment samples from most nonreference sites exceeded concentrations in samples from reference sites at Fort Gordon. Bed sediments from one of the nonreference sites sampled contained the highest concentrations of copper and lead with elevated levels of zinc and chromium relative to reference sites. The percentage change of major ions, trace elements, and total organic carbon that had been detected at sites previously sampled in May 1998 and current bed sediment sites ranged from -4 to 8 percent with an average percentage change of less than 1 percent. Concentrations of major ions and trace elements in bed sediments exceeded probable effect levels for aquatic life (based on the amphipod Hyalella azteca) established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency at 46 and 69 percent of the current and previously sampled locations, respectively. The greatest frequency of exceedances for major ions and trace elements in bed sediments was observed for lead. Concentrations of semivolatile organic compounds, organochlorine pesticides, and polychlorinated biphenyls were detected in bed sediment samples at 94 percent of the sites currently sampled. Detections of these organic compounds were reported with greater frequency in bed sediments at upstream sampling locations, when compared to downstream locations. The greatest number of detections of these compounds was reported for bed sediment samples collected from two creeks above a lake. The percentage change of semivolatile organic compounds detected at previously sampled and current bed sediment sites ranged from -68 to 100 percent with the greatest percentage increase reported for one of the creeks above the lake. Concentrations of semivolatile organic compounds and polychlorinated biphenyls in bed sediments exceeded aquatic life criteria established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency at three sites. Contaminant compounds exceeding aquatic life criteria included fluoranthene, phenanthrene, anthracene, benzo(a)anthracene

Basic distinctions between cold- and hot-fusion reactions in the synthesis of superheavy elements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nasirov, A. K.; Muminov, A. I.; Giardina, G.; Mandaglio, G.

2014-07-01

Superheavy elements (SHE) of charge number in the range of Z = 106-112 were synthesized in so-called cold-fusion reactions. The smallness of the excitation energy of compound nuclei is the main advantage of cold-fusion reactions. However, the synthesis of SHEs of charge number in the region of Z ≥ 112 is strongly complicated in cold-fusion reactions by a sharp decrease in the cross section of a compound nucleus formation in the entrance channel because of superiority of quasifission in the competition with complete fusion. Two favorable circumstances contributed to the success of the experiments aimed at the synthesis of the Z = 113-118 elements and performed at the Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research: large cross sections for the production of a compound nucleus, which are characteristic of hot-fusion reactions, and an increase in the fission barrier for nuclei toward the stability island. The factor that complicates the formation of a compound nucleus in cold-fusion reactions is discussed.

33 CFR 127.1205 - Emergency shutdown.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) WATERFRONT FACILITIES WATERFRONT FACILITIES HANDLING LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS AND LIQUEFIED HAZARDOUS GAS Waterfront Facilities Handling Liquefied Hazardous Gas Equipment § 127.1205 Emergency shutdown. (a) Each... elements that melt at less than 105 °C (221 °F) and activate the emergency shutdown, or have a sensor that...

33 CFR 127.1205 - Emergency shutdown.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) WATERFRONT FACILITIES WATERFRONT FACILITIES HANDLING LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS AND LIQUEFIED HAZARDOUS GAS Waterfront Facilities Handling Liquefied Hazardous Gas Equipment § 127.1205 Emergency shutdown. (a) Each... elements that melt at less than 105 °C (221 °F) and activate the emergency shutdown, or have a sensor that...

31 CFR 215.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... OF THE TREASURY FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT SERVICE WITHHOLDING OF DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, STATE, CITY AND....S.C. 105 and 102, respectively) and the United States Postal Service; and in addition, for city or county withholding purposes only, all elements of the judicial branch. (b) City means any unit of general...

31 CFR 215.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT SERVICE WITHHOLDING OF DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, STATE, CITY AND....S.C. 105 and 102, respectively) and the United States Postal Service; and in addition, for city or county withholding purposes only, all elements of the judicial branch. (b) City means any unit of general...

Evaluation of organic compounds and trace elements in Amazon Creek Basin, Oregon, September 1990

USGS Publications Warehouse

Rinella, F.A.

1993-01-01

Water and bottom sediment were collected from Amazon Creek, Oregon during a summer low-flow condition and analyzed for different classes of organic compounds, including many from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's priority pollutant list. Bottom sediment also was analyzed for trace elements typically associated with urban runoff. Trace-element concentrations in the less than 63 micrometer fraction of Amazon Creek bottom-sediment samples were compared with baseline concentrations (expected 95 percent confidence range) for soils from the Western United States and with concen- trations found in bottom sediment from the Willamette River Basin. Total-digestion concentrations of antimony, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, lead, manganese, mercury, nickel, silver, titanium, and zinc were enriched at some or all sites sampled. Whole-water samples from some sites contained concentrations of several chlorophenoxy-acid herbicides, the organophosphorus insecticide diazinon, and several semivolatile priority pollutants. Classes of compounds not detected in whole-water samples included carbamate insecticides, triazine and other nitrogen-containing herbicides, and purgeable organic compounds. Bottom-sediment samples contained many organochlorine compounds, including chlordane, DDT plus metabolites, dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor epoxide (a metabolite of heptachlor), and PCBs at some or all sites sampled. Twenty-four of 54 semivolatile compounds were detected in bottom- sediment samples at some or all sites sampled.

A ratiometric strategy -based electrochemical sensing interface for the sensitive and reliable detection of imidacloprid.

PubMed

Li, Xueyan; Kan, Xianwen

2018-04-30

In this study, a ratiometric strategy-based electrochemical sensor was developed by electropolymerization of thionine (THI) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) composite films on a glassy carbon electrode surface for imidacloprid (IMI) detection. THI played the role of an inner reference element to provide a built-in correction. In addition, the modified β-CD showed good selective enrichment for IMI to improve the sensitivity and anti-interference ability of the sensor. The current ratio between IMI and THI was calculated as the detected signal for IMI sensing. Compared with common single-signal sensing, the proposed ratiometric strategy showed a higher linear range and a lower limit of detection of 4.0 × 10-8-1.0 × 10-5 mol L-1 and 1.7 × 10-8 mol L-1, respectively, for IMI detection. On the other hand, the ratiometric strategy endowed the sensor with good accuracy, reproducibility, and stability. The sensor was also used for IMI determination in real samples with satisfactory results. The simple, effective, and reliable way reported in this study can be further used to prepare ratiometric strategy-based electrochemical sensors for the selective and sensitive detection of other compounds with good accuracy and stability.

Seven Golden Rules for heuristic filtering of molecular formulas obtained by accurate mass spectrometry

PubMed Central

Kind, Tobias; Fiehn, Oliver

2007-01-01

Background Structure elucidation of unknown small molecules by mass spectrometry is a challenge despite advances in instrumentation. The first crucial step is to obtain correct elemental compositions. In order to automatically constrain the thousands of possible candidate structures, rules need to be developed to select the most likely and chemically correct molecular formulas. Results An algorithm for filtering molecular formulas is derived from seven heuristic rules: (1) restrictions for the number of elements, (2) LEWIS and SENIOR chemical rules, (3) isotopic patterns, (4) hydrogen/carbon ratios, (5) element ratio of nitrogen, oxygen, phosphor, and sulphur versus carbon, (6) element ratio probabilities and (7) presence of trimethylsilylated compounds. Formulas are ranked according to their isotopic patterns and subsequently constrained by presence in public chemical databases. The seven rules were developed on 68,237 existing molecular formulas and were validated in four experiments. First, 432,968 formulas covering five million PubChem database entries were checked for consistency. Only 0.6% of these compounds did not pass all rules. Next, the rules were shown to effectively reducing the complement all eight billion theoretically possible C, H, N, S, O, P-formulas up to 2000 Da to only 623 million most probable elemental compositions. Thirdly 6,000 pharmaceutical, toxic and natural compounds were selected from DrugBank, TSCA and DNP databases. The correct formulas were retrieved as top hit at 80–99% probability when assuming data acquisition with complete resolution of unique compounds and 5% absolute isotope ratio deviation and 3 ppm mass accuracy. Last, some exemplary compounds were analyzed by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry and by gas chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry. In each case, the correct formula was ranked as top hit when combining the seven rules with database queries. Conclusion The seven rules enable an automatic exclusion of molecular formulas which are either wrong or which contain unlikely high or low number of elements. The correct molecular formula is assigned with a probability of 98% if the formula exists in a compound database. For truly novel compounds that are not present in databases, the correct formula is found in the first three hits with a probability of 65–81%. Corresponding software and supplemental data are available for downloads from the authors' website. PMID:17389044

Design and control of a decoupled two degree of freedom translational parallel micro-positioning stage.

PubMed

Lai, Lei-Jie; Gu, Guo-Ying; Zhu, Li-Min

2012-04-01

This paper presents a novel decoupled two degrees of freedom (2-DOF) translational parallel micro-positioning stage. The stage consists of a monolithic compliant mechanism driven by two piezoelectric actuators. The end-effector of the stage is connected to the base by four independent kinematic limbs. Two types of compound flexure module are serially connected to provide 2-DOF for each limb. The compound flexure modules and mirror symmetric distribution of the four limbs significantly reduce the input and output cross couplings and the parasitic motions. Based on the stiffness matrix method, static and dynamic models are constructed and optimal design is performed under certain constraints. The finite element analysis results are then given to validate the design model and a prototype of the XY stage is fabricated for performance tests. Open-loop tests show that maximum static and dynamic cross couplings between the two linear motions are below 0.5% and -45 dB, which are low enough to utilize the single-input-single-out control strategies. Finally, according to the identified dynamic model, an inversion-based feedforward controller in conjunction with a proportional-integral-derivative controller is applied to compensate for the nonlinearities and uncertainties. The experimental results show that good positioning and tracking performances are achieved, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed mechanism and controller design. The resonant frequencies of the loaded stage at 2 kg and 5 kg are 105 Hz and 68 Hz, respectively. Therefore, the performance of the stage is reasonably good in term of a 200 N load capacity. © 2012 American Institute of Physics

Method for combined removal of mercury and nitrogen oxides from off-gas streams

DOEpatents

Mendelsohn, Marshall H [Downers Grove, IL; Livengood, C David [Lockport, IL

2006-10-10

A method for removing elemental Hg and nitric oxide simultaneously from a gas stream is provided whereby the gas stream is reacted with gaseous chlorinated compound to convert the elemental mercury to soluble mercury compounds and the nitric oxide to nitrogen dioxide. The method works to remove either mercury or nitrogen oxide in the absence or presence of each other.

Synthesis and Thermoelectric Properties of Charge-Compensated SyPdxCo4-xSb12 Skutterudites.

PubMed

Wan, Shun; Qiu, Pengfei; Huang, Xiangyang; Song, Qingfeng; Bai, Shengqiang; Shi, Xun; Chen, Lidong

2018-01-10

Recently, the electronegative elements (e.g., S, Se, Cl, and Br) filled skutterudites have attracted great attention in thermoelectric community. Via doping of some electron donors at the Sb sites, these electronegative elements can be filled into the voids of CoSb 3 forming thermodynamically stable compounds, which greatly extends the scope of filled skutterudites. In this study, we show that doping appropriate elements at the Co sites can also stabilize the electronegative elements in the voids of CoSb 3 . A series of S y Pd x Co 4-x Sb 12 compounds were successfully fabricated by a traditional solid state reaction method combined with a spark plasma sintering technique. The phase composition and electrical and thermal transport properties were systematically characterized, and the related mechanisms were deeply discussed. It is found that the charge compensation between Pd doping and S filling is the main reason for the formation of thermodynamically stable S y Pd x Co 4-x Sb 12 compounds. Filling S element in the voids of CoSb 3 provides additional holes to reduce the carrier concentration while scarcely affecting the carrier mobility. However, doping Pd at the Co sites not only changes the carrier scattering mechanism but also deteriorates the carrier mobility. Low lattice thermal conductivities are observed in these S y Pd x Co 4-x Sb 12 compounds, which are attributed to the low resonant frequency of the S element. Finally, a maximal figure of merit of 0.85 is obtained for S 0.05 Pd 0.25 Co 3.75 Sb 12 at 700 K.

Biodegradation of Organofluorine Compounds

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-02-01

BIODEGRADATION OF ORGANOFLUORINE COMPOUNDS ECBC-TR-1347 Melissa M. Dixon Steve P. Harvey RESEARCH AND...2011 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Biodegradation of Organofluorine Compounds 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR...compounds as sole carbon sources. This work will be continued in future studies. 15. SUBJECT TERMS Organofluorine Biodegradation Defluorination

Air quality in urban parking garages (PM10, major and trace elements, PAHs): Instrumental measurements vs. active moss biomonitoring

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vuković, Gordana; Aničić Urošević, Mira; Razumenić, Ivana; Kuzmanoski, Maja; Pergal, Miodrag; Škrivanj, Sandra; Popović, Aleksandar

2014-03-01

This study was performed in four parking garages in downtown of Belgrade with the aim to provide multi-pollutant assessment. Concentrations of 16 US EPA priority PAHs and Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Sr and Zn were determined in PM10 samples. The carcinogenic health risk of employees' occupational exposure to heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb) and PAHs (B[a]A, Cry, B[b]F, B[k]F, B[a]P and DB[ah]A) was estimated. A possibility of using Sphagnum girgensohnii moss bags for monitoring of trace element air pollution in semi-enclosed spaces was evaluated as well. The results showed that concentrations of PM10, Cd, Ni and B[a]P exceeded the EU Directive target values. Concentration of Zn, Ba and Cu were two orders of magnitude higher than those measured at different urban sites in European cities. Cumulative cancer risk obtained for heavy metals and PAHs was 4.51 × 10-5 and 3.75 × 10-5 in M and PP, respectively; upper limit of the acceptable US EPA range is 10-4. In the moss, higher post-exposure than pre-exposure (background) element concentrations was observed. In comparison with instrumental monitoring data, similar order of abundances of the most elements in PM10 and moss samples was found. However, using of the S. girgensohnii moss bag technique in indoor environments needs further justification.

Synthesis of two-dimensional TlxBi1−x compounds and Archimedean encoding of their atomic structure

PubMed Central

Gruznev, Dimitry V.; Bondarenko, Leonid V.; Matetskiy, Andrey V.; Mihalyuk, Alexey N.; Tupchaya, Alexandra Y.; Utas, Oleg A.; Eremeev, Sergey V.; Hsing, Cheng-Rong; Chou, Jyh-Pin; Wei, Ching-Ming; Zotov, Andrey V.; Saranin, Alexander A.

2016-01-01

Crystalline atomic layers on solid surfaces are composed of a single building block, unit cell, that is copied and stacked together to form the entire two-dimensional crystal structure. However, it appears that this is not an unique possibility. We report here on synthesis and characterization of the one-atomic-layer-thick TlxBi1−x compounds which display quite a different arrangement. It represents a quasi-periodic tiling structures that are built by a set of tiling elements as building blocks. Though the layer is lacking strict periodicity, it shows up as an ideally-packed tiling of basic elements without any skips or halting. The two-dimensional TlxBi1−x compounds were formed by depositing Bi onto the Tl-covered Si(111) surface where Bi atoms substitute appropriate amount of Tl atoms. Atomic structure of each tiling element as well as arrangement of TlxBi1−x compounds were established in a detail. Electronic properties and spin texture of the selected compounds having periodic structures were characterized. The shown example demonstrates possibility for the formation of the exotic low-dimensional materials via unusual growth mechanisms. PMID:26781340

76 FR 41323 - Over-the-Road Bus Accessibility Program Grants

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-13

..., authorized by Section 3038 of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21). The OTRB... (TEA-21), Public Law 105-85 as amended by the Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient, Transportation... bus services. These services are an important element of the U.S. transportation system. TEA-21...

Isotope-abundance variations and atomic weights of selected elements: 2016 (IUPAC Technical Report)

USGS Publications Warehouse

Coplen, Tyler B.; Shrestha, Yesha

2016-01-01

There are 63 chemical elements that have two or more isotopes that are used to determine their standard atomic weights. The isotopic abundances and atomic weights of these elements can vary in normal materials due to physical and chemical fractionation processes (not due to radioactive decay). These variations are well known for 12 elements (hydrogen, lithium, boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, magnesium, silicon, sulfur, chlorine, bromine, and thallium), and the standard atomic weight of each of these elements is given by IUPAC as an interval with lower and upper bounds. Graphical plots of selected materials and compounds of each of these elements have been published previously. Herein and at the URL http://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7GF0RN2, we provide isotopic abundances, isotope-delta values, and atomic weights for each of the upper and lower bounds of these materials and compounds.

[Crosslinking sodium hyaluronate gel with different ratio of molecular weight for subcutaneous injection: animal experimental study and clinical trials subcutaneous injection].

PubMed

Ran, Weizhi; Wang, Xiaoli; Hu, Yuefei; Gao, Songying; Yang, Yahong; Sun, Jian; Sun, Shuming; Liu, Zhongmei; Wang, Jiangling

2015-05-01

To investigate the biocompatibility and degradation rate of crosslinking sodium hyaluronate gel with different ratio of molecular weight, so as to choose the effective, safe and totally degraded hyaluronate gel for aesthetic injection. (1) Compound colloid was formed by cross-linking the divinyl sulphone and sodium hyaluronate with different molecular weight (4 x 10(5), 8 x 10(5), 10 x 10(5), 12 x 10(5)). (2) Healthy level KM mice was randomly divided into two groups to receive hyaluronic acid gel or liquid injection. Each group was subdivided into three subgroup to receive hyaluronic acid with different molecular weight. The biocompatibility and degradation rate, of hyaluronate were observed at 7, 90, 180 days after injection. At the same time, different molecular weight of sodium hyaluronate gel is sealed or exposed respectively under the low temperature preservation to observe its natural degradation rate. (3) The most stable colloid was selected as aesthetic injector for volunteers to observe the aesthetic effect. The sodium hyaluronate gel with molecular of 4 x 10(5) was completely degraded 90 days later. The sodium hyaluronate gel with molecular of 8 x 10(5) was completely degraded 180 days later. The sodium hyaluronate gel with molecular of 10 x 10(5) was degraded to 90.0% after 180 days. The sodium hyaluronate liquid can be degraded completely within 7 days. The colloid could be kept for at least 12 months when sealed under low temperature, but was totally degraded when exposed for I d. Sodium hyaluronate gel with molecular 10 x 10(5) was confirmed to be kept for at least 6 months in animal experiment and clinical trials. Under the same condition of material ratio, the higher the molecular weight is, the lower the degradation rate is. But the liquidity of gel is not good for injection when molecular weight is too large. It suggests that Sodium hyaluronate gel with molecular 10 x 10(5) maybe the best choice in cosmetic injections.

Magnetic properties and magnetocaloric effects of RNiSi2 (R= Gd, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm) compounds

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, B.; Zheng, X. Q.; Zhang, Y.; Zhao, X.; Xiong, J. F.; Zuo, S. L.; Liu, D.; Zhao, T. Y.; Hu, F. X.; Shen, B. G.

2018-05-01

Orthorhombic CeNiSi2-type polycrystalline RNiSi2 (R=Gd, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm) compounds were synthesized and the magnetic and magnetocaloric properties were investigated in detail. The transition temperatures of RNiSi2 compounds are all in a very low temperature range (<30 K). As temperature increases, all of the compounds undergo an AFM to PM transition (GdNiSi2 at 18 K, DyNiSi2 at 25 K, HoNiSi2 at 10.5 K, ErNiSi2 at 3 K and TmNiSi2 at 3.5 K, respectively). ErNiSi2 compound shows the largest (ΔSM) m a x (maximal magnetic entropy change) among these compounds. The value of (ΔSM) m a x is 27.9 J/kgK under a field change of 0-5 T, which indicates that ErNiSi2 compound is very competitive for practical applications in low-temperature magnetic refrigeration in the future. DyNiSi2 compound shows large inverse MCE (almost equals to the normal MCE) below the TN which results from metamagenitic transition under magnetic field. Considering of the normal and inverse MCE, DyNiSi2 compound also has potential applications in low-temperature multistage refrigeration.

Low-valent group 14 element hydride chemistry: towards catalysis.

PubMed

Hadlington, Terrance J; Driess, Matthias; Jones, Cameron

2018-06-05

The chemistry of group 14 element(ii) hydride complexes has rapidly expanded since the first stable example of such a compound was reported in 2000. Since that time it has become apparent that these systems display remarkable reactivity patterns, in some cases mimicking those of late transition-metal (TM) hydride compounds. This is especially so for the hydroelementation of unsaturated organic substrates. Recently, this aspect of their reactivity has been extended to the use of group 14 element(ii) hydrides as efficient, "TM-like" catalysts in organic synthesis. This review will detail how the chemistry of these hydride compounds has advanced since their early development. Throughout, there is a focus on the importance of ligand effects in these systems, and how ligand design can greatly modify a coordinated complex's electronic structure, reactivity, and catalytic efficiency.

Phloroglucinol derivatives from Hypericum species trigger mitochondrial dysfunction in Leishmania amazonensis.

PubMed

Dagnino, Ana Paula Aquistapase; Mesquita, Camila Saporiti; Dorneles, Gilson Pires; Teixeira, Vivian de Oliveira Nunes; de Barros, Francisco Maikon Corrêa; Vidal Ccana-Ccapatinta, Gari; Fonseca, Simone Gonçalves; Monteiro, Marta Chagas; Júnior, Luiz Carlos Rodrigues; Peres, Alessandra; von Poser, Gilsane Lino; Romão, Pedro Roosevelt Torres

2018-02-27

Bioactive molecules isolated from plants are promising sources for the development of new therapies against leishmaniasis. We investigated the leishmanicidal activity of cariphenone A (1), isouliginosin B (2) and uliginosin B (3) isolated from Hypericum species. Promastigotes and amastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis were incubated with compounds 1-3 at concentrations 1-100 µ m for 48 h. The anti-promastigote effect of compounds was also tested in combinations. The cytotoxicity against macrophages and human erythrocytes were determined using the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method and hemolysis assay, respectively. The compounds 1-3 showed high leishmanicidal activity against promastigotes, IC50 values of 10.5, 17.5 and 11.3 µ m, respectively. Synergistic interactions were found to the associations of compounds 1 and 2 [Σ fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) = 0.41], and 2 and 3 (ΣFIC = 0.28) on promastigotes. All Hypericum compounds induced mitochondrial hyperpolarization and reactive oxygen species production in promastigotes. The compounds showed low cytotoxicity toward mammalian cells, high selectivity index and killed intracellular amastigotes probably mediated by oxidative stress. These results indicate that these compounds are promising candidates for the development of drugs against leishmaniasis.

Preparation of Mo-Re-C samples containing Mo{sub 7}Re{sub 13}C with the β-Mn-type structure by solid state reaction of planetary-ball-milled powder mixtures of Mo, Re and C, and their crystal structures and superconductivity

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Oh-ishi, Katsuyoshi, E-mail: oh-ishi@kc.chuo-u.ac.jp; Nagumo, Kenta; Tateishi, Kazuya

Mo-Re-C compounds containing Mo{sub 7}Re{sub 13}C with the β-Mn structure were synthesized with high-melting-temperature metals Mo, Re, and C powders using a conventional solid state method with a planetary ball milling machine instead of the arc melting method. Use of the ball milling machine was necessary to obtain Mo{sub 7}Re{sub 13}C with the β-Mn structure using the solid state method. Almost single-phase Mo{sub 7}Re{sub 13}C with a trace of impurity were obtained using the synthesis method. By XRF and lattice parameter measurements on the samples, Fe element existed in the compound synthesized using the planetary ball milling machine with amore » pot and balls made of steel, though Fe element was not detected in the compound synthesized using a pot and balls made of tungsten carbide. The former compound containg the Fe atom did not show superconductivity but the latter compound without the Fe atom showed superconductivity at 6.1 K. - Graphical abstract: Temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility measured under 10 Oe for the superconducting PBM-T samples without Fe element and non-superconducting PBM-S with Fe element. The inset is the enlarged view of the data for the PBM-S sample.« less

Determination of alkylphenols and bisphenol A in seawater samples by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for compliance with environmental quality standards (Directive 2008/105/EC).

PubMed

Salgueiro-González, N; Concha-Graña, E; Turnes-Carou, I; Muniategui-Lorenzo, S; López-Mahía, P; Prada-Rodríguez, D

2012-02-03

A fast, simple, sensitive and green analytical chemistry method for the simultaneous determination of alkylphenols (4-tert-octylphenol, 4-octylphenol, 4-n-nonylphenol, nonylphenol) and bisphenol A in seawater was developed and validated. The procedure was based on a dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) of a small volume of seawater sample (30 mL) using only 100 μL of 1-octanol, combined with liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry in negative mode (LC-ESI-MS/MS). The matrix effect was studied and compensated using deuterated labelled standards as surrogate standards for the quantitation of target compounds. The analytical features of the proposed method were satisfactory: repeatability and intermediate precision were <10% and recoveries were around 84-104% for all compounds. Uncertainty assessment of measurement was estimated on the basis of an in-house validation according to EURACHEM/CITAC guide. Quantitation limits of the method (MQL) ranged between 0.005 and 0.03 μg L⁻¹, therefore the levels established in the Directive 2008/105/EC were achieved. The applicability of the proposed method was demonstrated analyzing seawater samples from different sites of A Coruña (Northwest of Spain). The analyses showed the presence of all compounds at levels between 0.035 (bisphenol A) and 0.14 μg L⁻¹ (nonylphenol). Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Photoeffect cross sections of some rare-earth elements at 145.4 keV

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Umesh, T. K.; Ranganathaiah, C.; Sanjeevaiah, B.

1985-08-01

Total attenuation cross sections in the elements La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Dy, Ho, and Er were derived from the measured total cross sections of their simple oxide compounds, by employing the mixture rule at 145.4-keV photon energy. The compound cross sections have been measured by performing transmission experiments in a good geometry setup. From the derived total cross sections of elements, photoeffect cross sections have been obtained by subtracting the theoretical scattering cross sections. A good agreement is observed between the present data of photoeffect cross sections and Scofield's theoretical data.

Blockade of the inotropic effect of Bay K 8644 by cytochalasin-B and phloretin.

PubMed Central

Dresel, P. E.; Ogbaghebriel, A.

1988-01-01

1. The positive inotropic effect in rabbit atria and papillary muscles of Bay K 8644 is blocked by cytochalasin-B (Cyto-B) and phloretin, two compounds known to block the facilitated diffusion of glucose. These compounds do not change the concentration-response curve of calcium. 2. Cyto-B is more potent in atria than in papillary muscles, 10(-7) M having a maximal effect in atria whereas 2 x 10(-5) M was required for a maximal effect in papillary muscles. Phloretin was fully effective at 10(-4) M, the only concentration tested. 3. The inotropic effect of Bay K 8644 was virtually abolished in atria bathed in a glucose-free medium or one containing 5 mM pyruvate. The contractile response to Bay K 8644 of papillary muscles was not changed significantly in glucose-free or in pyruvate-containing medium. 4. Cyto-B (2 x 10(-5) M) caused a slight but significant increase in the KD for the binding of nitrendipine to a crude sarcolemnal preparation from rabbit ventricles. The Bmax was unchanged. 5. These results may best be explained by the hypothesis that there is a metabolic requirement for the inotropic effect of Bay K 8644. PMID:2456118

Investigation of the In Vitro and In Vivo efficiency of RM-532-105, a 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3 inhibitor, in LAPC-4 prostate cancer cell and tumor models

PubMed Central

Kenmogne, Lucie Carolle; Roy, Jenny; Maltais, René; Rouleau, Mélanie; Neveu, Bertrand; Pouliot, Frédéric; Poirier, Donald

2017-01-01

In the fight against androgen-sensitive prostate cancer, the enzyme 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3 (17β-HSD3) is an attractive therapeutic target considering its key role in the formation of androgenic steroids. In this study, we attempted to assess the in vivo efficacy of the compound RM-532-105, an androsterone derivative developed as an inhibitor of 17β-HSD3, in the prostate cancer model of androgen-sensitive LAPC-4 cells xenografted in nude mice. RM-532-105 did not inhibit the tumor growth induced by 4-androstene-3,17-dione (4-dione); rather, the levels of the androgens testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) increased within the tumors. In plasma, however, DHT levels increased but T levels did not. In troubleshooting experiments, the non-androgenic potential of RM-532-105 was confirmed by two different assays (LAPC-4 proliferation and androgen receptor transcriptional activity assays). The enzyme 5α-reductase was also revealed to be the predominant enzyme metabolizing 4-dione in LAPC-4 cells, yielding 5α-androstane-3,17-dione and not T. Other 17β-HSDs than 17β-HSD3 seem responsible in the androgen synthesis. From experiments with LAPC-4 cells, we fortuitously came across the interesting finding that 17β-HSD3 inhibitor RM-532-105 is concentrated inside tumors. PMID:28182747

The utility of rat jejunal permeability for biopharmaceutics classification system.

PubMed

Zakeri-Milani, Parvin; Valizadeh, Hadi; Tajerzadeh, Hosnieh; Islambulchilar, Ziba

2009-12-01

The biopharmaceutical classification system has been developed to provide a scientific approach for classifying drug compounds based on their dose/solubility ratio and human intestinal permeability. Therefore in this study a new classification is presented, which is based on a correlation between rat and human intestinal permeability values. In situ technique in rat jejunum was used to determine the effective intestinal permeability of tested drugs. Then three dimensionless parameters--dose number, absorption number, and dissolution number (D(o), A(n), and D(n))--were calculated for each drug. Four classes of drugs were defined, that is, class I, D(0) < 0.5, P(eff(rat)) > 5.09 x 10(-5) cm/s; class II, D(o) > 1, P(eff(rat)) > 5.09 x 10( -5) cm/s; class III, D(0) < 0.5, P(eff(rat)) < 4.2 x 10(-5) cm/s; and class IV, D(o) > 1, P(eff(rat)) < 4.2 x 10(-5) cm/s. A region of borderline drugs (0.5 < D(o) < 1, 4.2 x 10(-5) < P(eff(rat)) < 5.09 x 10(-5) cm/s) was also defined. According to obtained results and proposed classification for drugs, it is concluded that drugs could be categorized correctly based on dose number and their intestinal permeability values in rat model using single-pass intestinal perfusion technique. This classification enables us to remark defined characteristics for intestinal absorption of all four classes using suitable cutoff points for both dose number and rat effective intestinal permeability values.

Low resistance ohmic contacts to n-GaN and n-AlGaN using NiAl

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ingerly, D. B.; Chen, Y.; William, R. S.; Takeuchi, T.; Chang, Y. A.

2000-07-01

The intermetallic compound NiAl (50:50 at. %) has been shown to be a low-resistance ohmic contact to n-GaN and n-AlGaN. NiAl contacts on n-GaN (n=2.5×1017cm-3) had a specific contact resistance of 9.4×10-6 Ω cm2 upon annealing at 850 °C for 5 min. NiAl contacts annealed at 900 °C for 5 min in n-Al0.12Ga0.88N (n=2.4×1018cm-3) and n-Al0.18Ga0.82N (n=2.7×1018cm-3) had specific contact resistances of 2.1×10-5 Ω cm2 and 4.7×10-5 Ω cm2, respectively. Additionally, these contacts were subjected to long-term annealing at 600 °C for 100 h. On n-GaN, the contact specific contact resistance degraded from 9.4×10-6 Ω cm2 to 5.3×10-5 Ω cm2 after the long-term anneal. Contacts to n-Al0.18Ga0.82N showed only slight degradation with a change in contact resistance, from 4.7×10-5 Ω cm2 to 9.2×10-5 Ω cm2. These results demonstrate the NiAl has great promise as a stable, low-resistance contact, particularly to n-AlGaN used in high-temperature applications.

Organochlorine compounds and trace elements in fish tissue and bed sediments in the lower Snake River basin, Idaho and Oregon

USGS Publications Warehouse

Clark, Gregory M.; Maret, Terry R.

1998-01-01

Fish-tissue and bed-sediment samples were collected to determine the occurrence and distribution of organochlorine compounds and trace elements in the lower Snake River Basin. Whole-body composite samples of suckers and carp from seven sites were analyzed for organochlorine compounds; liver samples were analyzed for trace elements. Fillets from selected sportfish were analyzed for organochlorine compounds and trace elements. Bed-sediment samples from three sites were analyzed for organochlorine compounds and trace elements. Twelve different organochlorine compounds were detected in 14 fish-tissue samples. All fish-tissue samples contained DDT or its metabolites. Concentrations of total DDT ranged from 11 micrograms per kilogram wet weight in fillets of yellow perch from C.J. Strike Reservoir to 3,633 micrograms per kilogram wet weight in a whole-body sample of carp from Brownlee Reservoir at Burnt River. Total DDT concentrations in whole-body samples of sucker and carp from the Snake River at C.J. Strike Reservoir, Snake River at Swan Falls, Snake River at Nyssa, and Brownlee Reservoir at Burnt River exceeded criteria established for the protection of fish-eating wildlife. Total PCB concentrations in a whole-body sample of carp from Brownlee Reservoir at Burnt River also exceeded fish-eating wildlife criteria. Concentrations of organochlorine compounds in whole-body samples, in general, were larger than concentrations in sportfish fillets. However, concentrations of dieldrin and total DDT in fillets of channel catfish from the Snake River at Nyssa and Brownlee Reservoir at Burnt River, and concentrations of total DDT in fillets of smallmouth bass and white crappie from Brownlee Reservoir at Burnt River exceeded a cancer risk screening value of 10-6 established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Concentrations of organochlorine compounds in bed sediment were smaller than concentrations in fish tissue. Concentrations of p,p'DDE, the only compound detected in all three bed-sediment samples, ranged from 1.1 micrograms per kilogram dry weight in C.J. Strike Reservoir to 11 micrograms per kilogram dry weight in Brownlee Reservoir at Burnt River. Data from this study, compared with data collected in the upper Snake River Basin from 1992 to 1994, indicates that, in general, organochlorine concentrations in fish tissue and bed sediment increased from the headwaters of the Snake River in Wyoming downstream to Brownlee Reservoir. The largest trace-element concentrations in fish tissue were in liver samples from carp from Brownlee Reservoir at Burnt River and suckers from the Boise River near Twin Springs. Concentrations of most trace elements were larger in livers than in the sport- fish fillets. However, mercury concentrations were generally larger in the sportfish fillets; they ranged from 0.08 microgram per gram wet weight in yellow perch from C.J. Strike Reservoir to 0.32 microgram per gram wet weight in channel catfish from Brownlee Reservoir at Burnt River. None of the trace-element concentrations in fillets exceeded median international standards or U.S. Food and Drug Administration action levels. Large trace-element concentrations in the upper Snake River Basin were reported in liver samples from suckers from headwater streams, probably a result of historical mining and weathering of metal-rich rocks. Concentrations of most trace elements in the bed-sediment samples were largest in Brownlee Reservoir at Mountain Man Lodge. Concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel, and zinc in bed sediment from the Mountain Man Lodge site exceeded either the threshold effect level or probable effect level established by the Canadian Government for the protection of benthic life. Arsenic, chromium, copper, and nickel concentrations in bed sediment from Brownlee Reservoir at Burnt River and chromium, copper, and nickel in bed sediment from C.J. Strike Reservoir also exceeded the threshold effect level.

Organic Compounds and Trace Elements in Fish Tissue and Bed Sediment in the Delaware River Basin, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, New York, and Delaware, 1998-2000

USGS Publications Warehouse

Romanok, Kristin M.; Fischer, Jeffrey M.; Riva-Murray, Karen; Brightbill, Robin; Bilger, Michael

2006-01-01

As part of the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program activities in the Delaware River Basin (DELR), samples of fish tissue from 21 sites and samples of bed sediment from 35 sites were analyzed for a suite of organic compounds and trace elements. The sampling sites, within subbasins ranging in size from 11 to 600 square miles, were selected to represent 5 main land-use categories in the DELR -forest, low-agricultural, agricultural, urban, and mixed use. Samples of both fish tissue and bed sediment were also collected from 4 'large-river' sites that represented drainage areas ranging from 1,300 to 6,800 square miles, areas in which the land is used for a variety of purposes. One or more of the organochlorine compounds-DDT and chlordane metabolites, polychlorinated biphenyls (total PCBs), and dieldrin- were detected frequently in samples collected over a wide geographic area. One or more of these compounds were detected in fish-tissue samples from 92 percent of the sites and in bed-sediment samples from 82 percent of the sites. Concentrations of total DDT, total chlordanes, total PCBs, and dieldrin in whole white suckers and in bed sediment were significantly related to urban/industrial basin characteristics, such as percentage of urban land use and population density. Semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs)-total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), total phthalates, and phenols- were detected frequently in bed-sediment samples. All three types of SVOCs were detected in samples from at least one site in each land-use category. The highest detection rates and concentrations typically were in samples from sites in the urban and mixed land-use categories, as well as from the large-river sites. Concentrations of total PAHs and total phthalates in bed-sediment samples were found to be statistically related to percentages of urban land use and to population density in the drainage areas represented by the sampling sites. The samples of fish tissue and bed sediment collected throughout the DELR were analyzed for a large suite of trace elements, but results of the analyses for eight elements-arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, nickel, mercury, and zinc- that are considered contaminants of concern are described in this report. One or more of the eight trace elements were detected in samples from every fish tissue and bed-sediment sampling site, and all of the trace elements were detected in samples from 97 percent of the bed-sediment sites. The concentrations of organic compounds and trace elements in the DELR samples were compared to applicable guidelines for the protection of wildlife and other biological organisms. Concentrations of total DDT, total chlordanes, total PCBs, and dieldrin in fish-tissue samples from 14 sites exceeded one or more of the Wildlife Protective Guidelines established by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. Concentrations of one or more organic compounds in samples from 16 bed-sediment sites exceeded the Threshold Effects Concentrations (TEC) of the Canadian Sediment Quality Guidelines, and concentrations of one or more of the eight trace elements in samples from 38 bed-sediment sites exceeded the TEC. (The TEC is the concentration below which adverse biological effects in freshwater ecosystems are expected to be rare.) Concentrations of organic compounds in samples from some bed-sediment sites exceeded the Canadian Probable Effects Concentrations (PEC), and concentrations of trace elements in samples from 18 sites exceeded the PEC. (The PEC is the concentration above which adverse effects to biological organisms are expected to occur frequently). Concentrations of organic compounds and trace elements in samples from the DELR were compared to similar data from other NAWQA study units in the northeastern United States and also data from the Mobile River (Alabama) Basin and the Northern Rockies Intermontane Basin study units. Median concentrations of to

Trace elements and organic compounds in bed sediment from selected streams in southern Louisiana, 1998

USGS Publications Warehouse

Skrobialowski, Stanley C.

2002-01-01

Bed-sediment samples from 21 selected streams in southern Louisiana were collected and analyzed for the presence of trace elements and organic compounds during 1998 as part of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program. Concentrations of selected trace elements and organic compounds were compared on the basis of sediment-quality criteria, land use, and grain size; concentrations of selected trace elements also were compared with concentrations from previous studies. Concentrations of seven selected trace elements and 21 organic compounds were evaluated with sediment-quality criteria established by the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment. Concentrations of selected trace elements and organic compounds were highest at sites draining urban and agricultural areas and may result from cumulative effects of relatively high percentages of fine-grained material, iron, and organic material. Concentrations exceeding sediment-quality criteria for the protection of aquatic life occurred most frequently at Bayou Grosse Tete at Rosedale and Bayou Lafourche below weir at Thibodaux. Exceedance of Interim Sediment Quality Guidelines occurred most frequently for arsenic and chromium. Trace-element concentrations in fine-grained samples were compared with concentrations in bulk samples and were determined to be significantly different, and concentrations were generally higher in finegrained sediment. Shapiro-Wilk, paired t-test, and Wilcoxon rank sum statistical procedures, with an alpha of 0.05, were used to compare concentrations of 21 trace elements, total organic carbon, and total carbon in finegrained and bulk sediment samples for 19 sites. Significant differences were determined between fine-grained and bulk sediment samples for aluminum, barium, beryllium, chromium, copper, iron, lithium, nickel, phosphorus, selenium, titanium, and zinc concentrations. Of 133 paired concentrations, 69 percent were greater in fine-grained samples, and 23 percent were greater in bulk samples. Comparisons with data from previous studies indicate increases by more than 20 percent in concentrations of antimony at Bayou Lafourche below weir at Thibodaux, arsenic and chromium at Tickfaw River at Liverpool, lead at Bayou Lafourche below weir at Thibodaux, and zinc at Bayou Lafourche below weir at Thibodaux and Vermilion River at Perry. Historic comparisons also indicate decreases by more than 20 percent in concentrations of chromium at Bayou des Cannes near Eunice and mercury at Mermentau River at Mermentau.

New p-methylsulfonamido phenylethylamine analogues as class III antiarrhythmic agents: design, synthesis, biological assay, and 3D-QSAR analysis.

PubMed

Liu, Hong; Ji, Ming; Luo, Xiaomin; Shen, Jianhua; Huang, Xiaoqin; Hua, Weiyi; Jiang, Hualiang; Chen, Kaixian

2002-07-04

Class III antiarrhythmic agents selectively delay the effective refractory period (ERP) and increase the transmembrane action potential duration (APD). Using dofetilide (2) as a template of class III antiarrhythmic agents, we designed and synthesized 16 methylsulfonamido phenylethylamine analogues (4a-d and 5a-l). Pharmacological assay indicated that all of these compounds showed activity for increasing the ERP in isolated animal atrium; among them, the effective concentration of compound 4a is 1.6 x 10(-8) mol/L in increasing ERP by 10 ms, slightly less potent than that of 2, 1.1 x 10(-8) mol/L. Compound 4a also produced a slightly lower change in ERP at 10(-5) M, DeltaERP% = 17.5% (DeltaERP% = 24.0% for dofetilide). On the basis of this bioassay result, these 16 compounds together with dofetilide were investigated by the three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) techniques of comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA), comparative molecular similarity index analysis (CoMSIA), and the hologram QSAR (HQSAR). The 3D-QSAR models were tested with another 11 compounds (4e-h and 5m-s) that we synthesized later. Results revealed that the CoMFA, CoMSIA, and HQSAR predicted activities for the 11 newly synthesized compounds that have a good correlation with their experimental value, r(2) = 0.943, 0.891, and 0.809 for the three QSAR models, respectively. This indicates that the 3D-QSAR models proved a good predictive ability and could describe the steric, electrostatic, and hydrophobic requirements for recognition forces of the receptor site. On the basis of these results, we designed and synthesized another eight new analogues of methanesulfonamido phenylethyamine (6a-h) according to the clues provided by the 3D-QSAR analyses. Pharmacological assay indicated that the effective concentrations of delaying the ERP by 10 ms of these newly designed compounds correlated well with the 3D-QSAR predicted values. It is remarkable that the percent change of delaying ERP at 10(-5) M compound 6c is much higher than that of dofetilide; the effective concentration of compound 6c is 5.0 x 10(-8)mol/L in increasing the ERP by 10 ms, which is slightly lower than that of 2. The results showed that the 3D-QSAR models are reliable and can be extended to design new antiarrhythmic agents.

Compound lens

DOEpatents

Brixner, B.B.; Klein, M.M.; Winkler, M.A.

1980-05-21

The disclosure relates to at least one calcium fluoride optical element used in combination with at least two ordinary crown glass lens elements to greatly reduce secondary spectrum in optical systems.

Compound lens

DOEpatents

Brixner, Berlyn B.; Klein, Morris M.; Winkler, Max A.

1982-01-01

The disclosure relates to at least one calcium fluoride optical element used in combination with at least two ordinary crown glass lens elements to greatly reduce secondary spectrum in optical systems.

Formularity: Software for Automated Formula Assignment of Natural and Other Organic Matter from Ultrahigh-Resolution Mass Spectra.

PubMed

Tolić, Nikola; Liu, Yina; Liyu, Andrey; Shen, Yufeng; Tfaily, Malak M; Kujawinski, Elizabeth B; Longnecker, Krista; Kuo, Li-Jung; Robinson, Errol W; Paša-Tolić, Ljiljana; Hess, Nancy J

2017-12-05

Ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry, such as Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT ICR MS), can resolve thousands of molecular ions in complex organic matrices. A Compound Identification Algorithm (CIA) was previously developed for automated elemental formula assignment for natural organic matter (NOM). In this work, we describe software Formularity with a user-friendly interface for CIA function and newly developed search function Isotopic Pattern Algorithm (IPA). While CIA assigns elemental formulas for compounds containing C, H, O, N, S, and P, IPA is capable of assigning formulas for compounds containing other elements. We used halogenated organic compounds (HOC), a chemical class that is ubiquitous in nature as well as anthropogenic systems, as an example to demonstrate the capability of Formularity with IPA. A HOC standard mix was used to evaluate the identification confidence of IPA. Tap water and HOC spike in Suwannee River NOM were used to assess HOC identification in complex environmental samples. Strategies for reconciliation of CIA and IPA assignments were discussed. Software and sample databases with documentation are freely available.

Fact Sheet on Arsenic

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Arsenic is a naturally occurring element that is found in combination with either inorganic or organic substances to form many different compounds. Inorganic arsenic compounds are found in soils, sediments, and groundwater.

Recent advance to 3 × 10(-5) rad near diffraction-limited beam divergence of dye laser with transverse-discharge flash-lamp pumping.

PubMed

Trusov, K K

1994-02-20

A new experimental setup of a Rhodamine 6G dye laser with a transverse-discharge flash-lamp-pumping system is presented. It differs from a previous setup [Sov. J. Quantum Electron. 16, 468-471 (1989)] in that it has a larger laser beam aperture (32 mm) and higher pumping energy (1 kJ), which made it possible to test the scalability and reach near diffraction-limited laser beam divergence of 3 × 10(-5) rad FWHM at beam energy 1.4 J. The effect of spectral dispersion in the active medium and of other optical elements on the beam divergence is also discussed.

Deposition and chemistry of bottom sediments in Cochiti Lake, north-central New Mexico

USGS Publications Warehouse

Wilson, Jennifer T.; Van Metre, Peter C.

2000-01-01

Bottom sediments were sampled at seven sites in Cochiti Lake in September 1996. Sediment cores penetrating the entire lacustrine sediment sequence were collected at one site near the dam. Surficial sediments were sampled at the near-dam site and six other sites located along the length of the reservoir. Analyses included grain size, major and trace elements, organochlorine compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH's), and radionuclides. Concentrations of trace elements, organic compounds, and radionuclides are similar to those in other Rio Grande reservoirs and are low compared to published sediment-quality guidelines. Most elements and compounds that were detected did not show trends in the age estimated sediment cores with the exception of a decreasing trend in total DDT concentrations from about 1980 to 1992. The mixture of PAH's suggests that the increase is caused by inputs of fuel-related PAH and not combustion- related PAH.

Water-quality assessment of part of the upper Mississippi River basin, Minnesota and Wisconsin: Design and implementation of water-quality studies, 1995-98

USGS Publications Warehouse

Stark, James R.; Fallon, J.D.; Fong, A.L.; Goldstein, R.M.; Hanson, P.E.; Kroening, S.E.; Lee, K.E.

1999-01-01

This report describes the design, site-selection, and implementation of the study. Methods used to collect, process, and analyze samples; characterize sites; and assess habitat are described. A comprehensive list of sample sites is provided. Sample analyses for water-quality studies included chlorophyll a, major inorganic constituents, nutrients, trace elements, tritium, radon, environmental isotopes, organic carbon, pesticides, volatile organic compounds, and other synthetic and naturallyoccurring organic compounds. Aquatic-biological samples included fish, benthic macroinvertebrates, and algal enumeration and identification, as well as synthetic-organic compounds and trace elements in fish tissue.

Trace elements and organic compounds in sediment and fish tissue from the Great Salt Lake basins, Utah, Idaho, and Wyoming, 1998-99

USGS Publications Warehouse

Waddell, Kidd M.; Giddings, Elise M.

2004-01-01

A study to determine the occurrence and distribution of trace elements, organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and semivolatile organic compounds in sediment and in fish tissue was conducted in the Great Salt Lake Basins study unit of the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program during 1998-99. Streambed-sediment and fish-tissue samples were collected concurrently at 11 sites and analyzed for trace-element concentration. An additional four sites were sampled for streambed sediment only and one site for fish tissue only. Organic compounds were analyzed from streambed-sediment and fish-tissue samples at 15 sites concurrently.Bed-sediment cores from lakes, reservoirs, and Farmington Bay collected by the NAWQA program in 1998 and by other researchers in 1982 were used to examine historical trends in trace-element concentration and to determine anthropogenic sources of contaminants. Cores collected in 1982 from Mirror Lake, a high-mountain reference location, showed an enrichment of arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, tin, and zinc in the surface sediments relative to the deeper sediments, indicating that enrichment likely began after about 1900. This enrichment was attributed to atmospheric deposition during the period of metal-ore mining and smelting. A core from Echo Reservoir, in the Weber River Basin, however, showed a different pattern of trace-element concentration that was attributed to a local source. This site is located downstream from the Park City mining district, which is the most likely historical source of trace elements. Cores collected in 1998 from Farmington Bay show that the concentration of lead began to increase after 1842 and peaked during the mid-1980s and has been in decline since. Recent sediments deposited during 1996-98 indicate a 41- to 62-percent reduction since the peak in the mid-1980s.The concentration of trace elements in streambed sediment was greatest at sites that have been affected by historic mining, including sites on Little Cottonwood Creek in the Jordan River basin, Silver Creek in the Weber River basin, and the Weber River below the confluence with Silver Creek. There was significant correlation of lead concentrations in streambed sediment and fish tissue, but other trace elements did not correlate well. Streambed sediment and fish tissue collected from sites in the Bear River basin, which is predominantly rangeland and agriculture, generally had low concentrations of most elements.Sediment-quality guidelines were used to assess the relative toxicity of streambed-sediment sites to aquatic communities. Sites affected by mining exceeded the Probable Effect Concentration (PEC), the concentration at which it is likely there will be a negative effect on the aquatic community, for arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, silver, mercury, and zinc. Sites that were not affected by mining did not exceed these criteria. Concentrations of trace elements in samples collected from the Great Salt Lake Basins study unit (GRSL) are high compared to those of samples collected nationally with the NAWQA program. Nine of 15 streambed-sediment samples and 11 of 14 fish-tissue samples had concentrations of at least one trace element greater than the concentration of 90 percent of the samples collected nationally during 1993-2000.Organic compounds that were examined in streambed sediment and fish-tissue samples also were examined in bed-sediment cores. A bed-sediment core from Farmington Bay of Great Salt Lake showed an increase in total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations coincident with the increase in population in Salt Lake Valley, which drains into this bay. Analysis of streambed-sediment samples showed that the highest concentrations of PAHs were detected at urban sites, including two sites in the lower Jordan River (the Jordan River flows into Farmington Bay), the Weber River at Ogden Bay, and the Provo River near Provo. Other organic compounds detected in streambed sediment in the lower Jordan River were PCBs, DDT compounds, and chlordane compounds.Organic compounds were detected more frequently in fish tissue than in streambed sediment. Chlordane compounds and PCBs were detected more frequently at urban sites. DDT compounds were detected at 13 of 15 sites including urban and agricultural sites. Concentrations of total DDT in fish tissue exceeded the guideline for protection of fish-eating wildlife at two urban sites. The concentration of organic compounds in the GRSL study unit is low compared with that of samples collected nationally.

48 CFR 53.105 - Computer generation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... Data Interchange or a format that can be translated into one of those standards. (b) The standards listed in paragraph (a)(2) of this section may also be used for submission of data set forth in other..., content, or sequence of the data elements, and the form carries the Standard or Optional Form number and...

48 CFR 53.105 - Computer generation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Data Interchange or a format that can be translated into one of those standards. (b) The standards listed in paragraph (a)(2) of this section may also be used for submission of data set forth in other..., content, or sequence of the data elements, and the form carries the Standard or Optional Form number and...

48 CFR 53.105 - Computer generation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... Data Interchange or a format that can be translated into one of those standards. (b) The standards listed in paragraph (a)(2) of this section may also be used for submission of data set forth in other..., content, or sequence of the data elements, and the form carries the Standard or Optional Form number and...

Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP MS): a versatile tool.

PubMed

Ammann, Adrian A

2007-04-01

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) mass spectrometry (MS) is routinely used in many diverse research fields such as earth, environmental, life and forensic sciences and in food, material, chemical, semiconductor and nuclear industries. The high ion density and the high temperature in a plasma provide an ideal atomizer and element ionizer for all types of samples and matrices introduced by a variety of specialized devices. Outstanding properties such as high sensitivity (ppt-ppq), relative salt tolerance, compound-independent element response and highest quantitation accuracy lead to the unchallenged performance of ICP MS in efficiently detecting, identifying and reliably quantifying trace elements. The increasing availability of relevant reference compounds and high separation selectivity extend the molecular identification capability of ICP MS hyphenated to species-specific separation techniques. While molecular ion source MS is specialized in determining the structure of unknown molecules, ICP MS is an efficient and highly sensitive tool for target-element orientated discoveries of relevant and unknown compounds. This special-feature, tutorial article presents the principle and advantages of ICP MS, highlighting these using examples from recently published investigations. Copyright 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Preparation of uranium compounds

DOEpatents

Kiplinger, Jaqueline L; Montreal, Marisa J; Thomson, Robert K; Cantat, Thibault; Travia, Nicholas E

2013-02-19

UI.sub.3(1,4-dioxane).sub.1.5 and UI.sub.4(1,4-dioxane).sub.2, were synthesized in high yield by reacting turnings of elemental uranium with iodine dissolved in 1,4-dioxane under mild conditions. These molecular compounds of uranium are thermally stable and excellent precursor materials for synthesizing other molecular compounds of uranium including alkoxide, amide, organometallic, and halide compounds.

Intermetallic compounds of the heaviest elements and their homologs: the electronic structure and bonding of MM', where M=Ge, Sn, Pb, and element 114, and M'=Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Sn, Pb, and element 114.

PubMed

Pershina, V; Anton, J; Fricke, B

2007-10-07

Fully relativistic (four-component) density-functional theory calculations were performed for intermetallic dimers MM', where M=Ge, Sn, Pb, and element 114, and MM'=group 10 elements (Ni, Pd, and Pt) and group 11 elements (Cu, Ag, and Au). PbM and 114M, where M are group 14 elements, were also considered. The results have shown that trends in spectroscopic properties-atomization energies D(e), vibrational frequencies omega(e), and bond lengths R(e), as a function of MM', are similar for compounds of Ge, Sn, Pb, and element 114, except for D(e) of PbNi and 114Ni. They were shown to be determined by trends in the energies and space distribution of the valence ns(MM')atomic orbitals (AOs). According to the results, element 114 should form the weakest bonding with Ni and Ag, while the strongest with Pt due to the largest involvement of the 5d(Pt) AOs. In turn, trends in the spectroscopic properties of MM' as a function of M were shown to be determined by the behavior of the np(1/2)(M) AOs. Overall, D(e) of the element 114 dimers are about 1 eV smaller and R(e) are about 0.2 a.u. larger than those of the corresponding Pb compounds. Such a decrease in bonding of the element 114 dimers is caused by the large SO splitting of the 7p orbitals and a decreasing contribution of the relativistically stabilized 7p(1/2)(114) AO. On the basis of the calculated D(e) for the dimers, adsorption enthalpies of element 114 on the corresponding metal surfaces were estimated: They were shown to be about 100-150 kJ/mol smaller than those of Pb.

Assessment of Energetic Compounds, Semi-volatile Organic Compounds, and Trace Elements in Streambed Sediment and Stream Water from Streams Draining Munitions Firing Points and Impact Areas, Fort Riley, Kansas, 2007-08

USGS Publications Warehouse

Coiner, R.L.; Pope, L.M.; Mehl, H.E.

2010-01-01

An assessment of energetic compounds (explosive and propellant residues) and associated semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) and trace elements in streambed sediment and stream water from streams draining munitions firing points and impact areas at Fort Riley, northeast Kansas, was performed during 2007-08 by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the U.S. Army. Streambed sediment from 16 sampling sites and stream-water samples from 5 sites were collected at or near Fort Riley and analyzed for as many as 17 energetic compounds, 65 SVOCs, and 27 trace elements. None of the energetic compounds or SVOCs were detected in streambed sediment collected from sites within the Fort Riley Military Reservation. This may indicate that these compounds either are not transported from dispersal areas or that analytical methods are not sensitive enough to detect the small concentrations that may be transported. Concentrations of munitions-associated trace elements did not exceed sediment-quality guidelines recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and are not indicative of contamination of streambed sediment at selected streambed sampling sites, at least in regards to movement from dispersal areas. Analytical results of stream-water samples provided little evidence of contamination by energetic compounds, SVOCs, or associated trace elements. Perchlorate was detected in 19 of 20 stream-water samples at concentrations ranging from an estimated 0.057 to an estimated 0.236 ug/L (micrograms per liter) with a median concentration of an estimated 0.114 ug/L, substantially less than the USEPA Interim Health Advisory criterion (15 ug/L), and is in the range of documented background concentrations. Because of these small concentrations and possible natural sources (precipitation and groundwater), it is likely that the occurrence of perchlorate in stream water is naturally occurring, although a definitive identification of the source of perchlorate in stream water at Fort Riley is difficult. The only SVOCs detected in stream-water samples were bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and di-n-butyl phthalate but at concentrations substantially less than the most stringent aquatic-life criteria established by the Kansas Department of Health and Environment. All trace element concentrations in stream-water samples were less than the most stringent aquatic-life criteria. The implication of these stream-water results is that contamination arising from firing-range activities, if it exists, is so small as to be nondetectable with current analytical methods or is not distinguishable from background concentrations for constituents that also are naturally occurring. Overall, the munitions-related constituents analyzed in streambed sediment and stream water, when detected, were at concentrations that were less than regulatory criteria

Curcumin-I Knoevenagel's condensates and their Schiff's bases as anticancer agents: synthesis, pharmacological and simulation studies.

PubMed

Ali, Imran; Haque, Ashanul; Saleem, Kishwar; Hsieh, Ming Fa

2013-07-01

Pyrazolealdehydes (4a-d), Knoevenagel's condensates (5a-d) and Schiff's bases (6a-d) of curcumin-I were synthesized, purified and characterized. Hemolysis assays, cell line activities, DNA bindings and docking studies were carried out. These compounds were lesser hemolytic than standard drug doxorubicin. Minimum cell viability (MCF-7; wild) observed was 59% (1.0 μg/mL) whereas the DNA binding constants ranged from 1.4×10(3) to 8.1×10(5) M(-1). The docking energies varied from -7.30 to -13.4 kcal/mol. It has been observed that DNA-compound adducts were stabilized by three governing forces (Van der Wall's, H-bonding and electrostatic attractions). It has also been observed that compounds 4a-d preferred to enter minor groove while 5a-d and 6a-d interacted with major grooves of DNA. The anticancer activities of the reported compounds might be due to their interactions with DNA. These results indicated the bright future of the reported compounds as anticancer agents. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

19 CFR 191.26 - Recordkeeping for manufacturing drawback.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... is applicable to the imported material. If the material is a compound with other constituents, including impurities, and the purity of the compound in the imported material is shown by satisfactory... entered amount of the material to establish the amount of pure compound. The amount of the element in the...

Pharmacokinetic Modeling of JP-8 Jet Fuel Components: II. A Conceptual Framework

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-12-01

example, a single type of (simple) binary interaction between 300 components would require the specification of some 105 interaction coefficients . One...individual substances, via binary mechanisms, is enough to predict the interactions present in the mixture. Secondly, complex mixtures can often be...approximated as pseudo- binary systems, consisting of the compound of interest plus a single interacting complex vehicle with well-defined, composite

Polarization transfer NMR imaging

DOEpatents

Sillerud, Laurel O.; van Hulsteyn, David B.

1990-01-01

A nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) image is obtained with spatial information modulated by chemical information. The modulation is obtained through polarization transfer from a first element representing the desired chemical, or functional, information, which is covalently bonded and spin-spin coupled with a second element effective to provide the imaging data. First and second rf pulses are provided at first and second frequencies for exciting the imaging and functional elements, with imaging gradients applied therebetween to spatially separate the nuclei response for imaging. The second rf pulse is applied at a time after the first pulse which is the inverse of the spin coupling constant to select the transfer element nuclei which are spin coupled to the functional element nuclei for imaging. In a particular application, compounds such as glucose, lactate, or lactose, can be labeled with .sup.13 C and metabolic processes involving the compounds can be imaged with the sensitivity of .sup.1 H and the selectivity of .sup.13 C.

Comprehensive laboratory measurements of biomass-burning emissions: 1. Emissions from Indonesian, African, and other fuels

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Christian, T. J.; Kleiss, B.; Yokelson, R. J.; Holzinger, R.; Crutzen, P. J.; Hao, W. M.; Saharjo, B. H.; Ward, D. E.

2003-12-01

Trace gas and particle emissions were measured from 47 laboratory fires burning 16 regionally to globally significant fuel types. Instrumentation included the following: open-path Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry; filter sampling with subsequent analysis of particles with diameter <2.5 μm for organic and elemental carbon and other elements; and canister sampling with subsequent analysis by gas chromatography (GC)/flame ionization detector, GC/electron capture detector, and GC/mass spectrometry. The emissions of 26 compounds are reported by fuel type. The results include the first detailed measurements of the emissions from Indonesian fuels. Carbon dioxide, CO, CH4, NH3, HCN, methanol, and acetic acid were the seven most abundant emissions (in order) from burning Indonesian peat. Acetol (hydroxyacetone) was a major, previously unobserved emission from burning rice straw (21-34 g/kg). The emission factors for our simulated African fires are consistent with field data for African fires for compounds measured in both the laboratory and the field. However, the higher concentrations and more extensive instrumentation in this work allowed quantification of at least 10 species not previously quantified for African field fires (in order of abundance): acetaldehyde, phenol, acetol, glycolaldehyde, methylvinylether, furan, acetone, acetonitrile, propenenitrile, and propanenitrile. Most of these new compounds are oxygenated organic compounds, which further reinforces the importance of these reactive compounds as initial emissions from global biomass burning. A few high-combustion-efficiency fires emitted very high levels of elemental (black) carbon, suggesting that biomass burning may produce more elemental carbon than previously estimated.

An efficient separation and method development for the quantifying of two basic impurities of Nicergoline by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography using ion-pairing counter ions.

PubMed

Yalçin, Güler; Yüktaş, Nüray

2006-10-11

A quantification method was developed for the two basic impurities, one of which is also a metabolite, of Nicergoline (NIC), by using reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and diode array detector (DAD). One of these compounds,10-methoxy-6-methylergoline-8beta-methanol-5-bromo-3-pyridinecarboxylate (1-DN) is the metabolite as well as the impurity whereas, the other 10-methoxy-1,6-dimethylergoline-8beta-methanol-5-chloro-3-pyridinecarboxylate (5-CN) is only an impurity. The chromatographic column was Phenomenex, Luna, 5 microm, C18 (2), 250 mm x 4.6 mm. Mobile phase was 0.1 M ammonium acetate (NH4Ac) solution containing 4 mM 1-octanesulfonicacid sodium salt (OSASS) and 6 mM tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulphate (TBAHS) (pH: 5.9)/acetonitrile (ACN) (62:38) for 1-DN and (64:36) for 5-CN. Flow rate was 1.0 mL min-1. The diode array detector was operated at 285 nm, band width: 4 nm. Linearity was obtained in the concentration range of 0.032 x 10-5 to 3.828 x 10-5 M, y = 116.88x + 0.2773 (r2 = 0.99989); the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were determined as 0.012 x 10-5 and 0.041 x 10-5 M for 1-DN, respectively. Linearity was obtained in the concentration range of 0.034 x 10-5 to 4.092 x 10-5 M, y = 104.24x + 0.7486 (r2 = 0.99996); (LOD) and (LOQ) were determined as 0.014 x 10-5 and 0.046 x 10-5 M for 5-CN, respectively. The recovery was 100.65% for 1-DN and 100.32% for 5-CN. The amount of 1-DN in 30 mg NIC was found as 209.65 microg (0.70%) and the amount of 5-CN in 30 mg NIC was found as 27.62 microg (0.09%).

Application of chitooligosaccharides as antioxidants in beer to improve the flavour stability by protecting against beer staling during storage.

PubMed

Yang, Fan; Luan, Bo; Sun, Zhen; Yang, Chao; Yu, Zhimin; Li, Xianzhen

2017-02-01

To improve beer flavour stability by adding chitooligosaccharides that prevent formation of staling compounds and also scavenge radicals in stale beer. Chitooligosaccharides, at 0.001-0.01%, inhibited the formation of staling compounds in forced aged beer. The formation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, trans-2-nonenal and phenylacetaldehyde were decreased by 105, 360 and 27%, respectively, when compared with those in stale beer without chitooligosaccharide addition. The capability of chitooligosaccharides to prevent staling compound formation depended on their molecular size (2 or 3 kDa). The DPPH/hydroxyl radical scavenging activity in fresh beer significantly lower than that in forced aged beer in the presence of chitooligosaccharides. When compared with stale beer without added chitooligosaccharides, the radical scavenging activity could be increased by adding chitooligosaccharides to forced aged beer. Chitooligosaccharides play an active part in the prevention of beer flavour deterioration by inhibiting the formation of staling compounds and increasing radical scavenging activity.

2,4,6-Trichlorophenylhydrazine Schiff bases as DPPH radical and super oxide anion scavengers.

PubMed

Khan, Khalid Mohammed; Shah, Zarbad; Ahmad, Viqar Uddin; Khan, Momin; Taha, Muhammad; Rahim, Fazal; Ali, Sajjad; Ambreen, Nida; Perveen, Shahnaz; Choudhary, M Iqbal; Voelter, Wolfgang

2012-05-01

Syntheses of thirty 2,4,6-trichlorophenylhydrazine Schiff bases 1-30 were carried out and evaluated for their in vitro DPPH radical and super oxide anion scavenging activities. Compounds 1-30 have shown a varying degree of DPPH radical scavenging activity and their IC50 values range between 4.05-369.30 µM. The compounds 17, 28, 18, 14, 8, 15, 12, 2, 29, and 7 exhibited IC50 values ranging between 4.05±0.06-24.42±0.86 µM which are superior to standard n-propylgallate (IC50=30.12±0.27 µM). Selected compounds have shown a varying degree of superoxide anion radical scavenger activity and their IC50 values range between 91.23-406.90 µM. The compounds 28, 8, 17, 15, and 14, showed IC50 values between 91.23±1.2-105.31±2.29 µM which are superior to standard n-propylgallate (IC50=106.34±1.6 µM).

Effects of lead, molybdenum, rubidium, arsenic and organochlorines on spermatogenesis in fish: monitoring at Mekong Delta area and in vitro experiment.

PubMed

Yamaguchi, Sonoko; Miura, Chiemi; Ito, Aki; Agusa, Tetsuro; Iwata, Hisato; Tanabe, Shinsuke; Tuyen, Bui Cach; Miura, Takeshi

2007-06-05

To estimate the influence of water contaminants on fish reproduction in the Mekong Delta area, we sampled cultivated male catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus), investigated testicular development, and measured persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and trace element levels in muscle and liver, respectively. Various testes sizes were observed although sampling took place during a short period. Histological analysis revealed that all developmental stages of germ cells were observed in catfish with large testis, whereas only necrotic spermatogonia but no other germ cells were observed in catfish with small testis. In small testis, furthermore, vacuolization and hypertrophy of Sertoli cells were observed. Measurement of POPs in muscle and trace elements in liver demonstrated that there were negative correlations between GSI and the concentrations of Pb, Mo, Rb and As. To clarify possible direct effects of Pb, Mo, Rb and As on spermatogenesis in fish, we investigated the effects of these trace elements on spermatogenesis using in vitro testicular organ culture of Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica). Treatment with each of the trace elements alone did not affect spermatogenesis. However, treatment with 10(-7)M of Pb, 10(-5) and 10(-4)M of Mo, 10(-5)-10(-3)M of Rb or 10(-5)M of As inhibited the spermatogenesis induced by 11-ketotestosterone (11KT). Furthermore, treatment with 10(-4)M of As in combination with 11KT caused necrosis of testicular fragments. Taken together, these results are consistent with the hypothesis that Pb, Mo, Rb and As can exert inhibitory effects on spermatogenesis in catfish inhabiting the Mekong Delta area.

Assessment of health risk from organochlorine pesticides residues in high-fat spreadable foods produced in Poland.

PubMed

Witczak, Agata; Abdel-Gawad, Hassan

2014-01-01

Currently, butter and margarine are food products attracting wide customer interest. Every day, consumers around the world buy these products for human consumption. Butter is obtained from milk fat, while margarine is derived from vegetable oils. The content of organochlorine pesticide (OCP) residues was examined in both types of these high fatty products. A gas chromatograph with MSD (HP 5973) detector was used for the determination of pesticides such as α-HCH, β-HCH, γ-HCH, DDT, DDD, DDE, aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide. The examined products had diverse concentrations of the analyzed compounds. Visible was the division based on the origin of the product, which might be composed of animal or vegetable fats. The research has revealed the presence of OCP residues in all examined spreads. Quantities of organochlorine compounds did not pose an immediate danger to the consumers' health. Human and environmental health risk assessment was carried out by the estimation of lifetime average daily dose (LADD) and non-carcinogenic health hazard quotient (HQ). Total estimated LADD ranged between 1.3 × 10(-5) and 3.1 × 10(-5) mg kg(-1) d(-1) for butter, and 1.9 × 10(-6) and 4.6 × 10(-6) mg kg(-1) d(-1) for margarine and mix spread. The HQ ranged between 1.1 × 10(-4) and 3.7 × 10(-4) for butter, and 1.4 × 10(-5) and 9.0 × 10(-6) for margarine and mix spread for adults. These estimated HQs were within the safe acceptable limits, indicating a negligible risk to the residents of the study area.

Preliminary analysis of an extensive one year survey of trace elements and compounds in the suspended particulate matter in Cleveland, Ohio

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

King, R. B.; Fordyce, J. S.; Antoine, A. C.; Leibecki, H. F.; Neustadter, H. E.; Sidik, S. M.; Burr, J. C.; Craig, G. T.; Cornett, C. L.

1974-01-01

Preliminary review of a study of trace elements and compound concentrations in the ambient suspended particulate matter in Cleveland, Ohio, measured from August 1971 through June 1973, as a function of source, monitoring location, and meteorological conditions. The study is aimed at the development of techniques for identifying specific pollution sources which could be integrated into a practical system readily usable by an enforcement agency.

Fabrication and Characterization of Single-Aperture 3.5-MHz BNT-Based Ultrasonic Transducer for Therapeutic Application.

PubMed

Taghaddos, Elaheh; Ma, T; Zhong, Hui; Zhou, Qifa; Wan, M X; Safari, Ahmad

2018-04-01

This paper discusses the fabrication and characterization of 3.5-MHz single-element transducers for therapeutic applications in which the active elements are made of hard lead-free BNT-based and hard commercial PZT (PZT-841) piezoceramics. Composition of (BiNa 0.88 K 0.08 Li 0.04 ) 0.5 (Ti 0.985 Mn 0.015 )O 3 (BNKLT88-1.5Mn) was used to develop lead-free piezoelectric ceramic. Mn-doped samples exhibited high mechanical quality factor ( ) of 970, thickness coupling coefficient ( ) of 0.48, a dielectric constant ( ) of 310 (at 1 kHz), depolarization temperature ( ) of 200 °C, and coercive field ( ) of 52.5 kV/cm. Two different unfocused single-element transducers using BNKLT88-1.5Mn and PZT-841 with the same center frequency of 3.5 MHz and similar aperture size of 10.7 and 10.5 mm were fabricated. Pulse-echo response, acoustic frequency spectrum, acoustic pressure field, and acoustic intensity field of transducers were characterized. The BNT-based transducer shows linear response up to the peak-to-peak voltage of 105 V in which the maximum rarefactional acoustic pressure of 1.1 MPa, and acoustic intensity of 43 W/cm 2 were achieved. Natural focal point of this transducer was at 60 mm from the surface of the transducer.

Thermodynamic stability of boron: the role of defects and zero point motion.

PubMed

van Setten, Michiel J; Uijttewaal, Matthé A; de Wijs, Gilles A; de Groot, Robert A

2007-03-07

Its low weight, high melting point, and large degree of hardness make elemental boron a technologically interesting material. The large number of allotropes, mostly containing over a hundred atoms in the unit cell, and their difficult characterization challenge both experimentalists and theoreticians. Even the ground state of this element is still under discussion. For over 30 years, scientists have attempted to determine the relative stability of alpha- and beta-rhombohedral boron. We use density functional calculations in the generalized gradient approximation to study a broad range of possible beta-rhombohedral structures containing interstitial atoms and partially occupied sites within a 105 atoms framework. The two most stable structures are practically degenerate in energy and semiconducting. One contains the experimental 320 atoms in the hexagonal unit cell, and the other contains 106 atoms in the triclinic unit cell. When populated with the experimental 320 electrons, the 106 atom structure exhibits a band gap of 1.4 eV and an in-gap hole trap at 0.35 eV above the valence band, consistent with known experiments. The total energy of these two structures is 23 meV/B lower than the original 105 atom framework, but it is still 1 meV/B above the alpha phase. Adding zero point energies finally makes the beta phase the ground state of elemental boron by 3 meV/B. At finite temperatures, the difference becomes even larger.

Alloy Design Data Generated for B2-Ordered Compounds

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Noebe, Ronald D.; Bozzolo, Guillermo; Abel, Phillip B.

2003-01-01

Developing alloys based on ordered compounds is significantly more complicated than developing designs based on disordered materials. In ordered compounds, the major constituent elements reside on particular sublattices. Therefore, the addition of a ternary element to a binary-ordered compound is complicated by the manner in which the ternary addition is made (at the expense of which binary component). When ternary additions are substituted for the wrong constituent, the physical and mechanical properties usually degrade. In some cases the resulting degradation in properties can be quite severe. For example, adding alloying additions to NiAl in the wrong combination (i.e., alloying additions that prefer the Al sublattice but are added at the expense of Ni) will severely embrittle the alloy to the point that it can literally fall apart during processing on cooling from the molten state. Consequently, alloying additions that strongly prefer one sublattice over another should always be added at the expense of that component during alloy development. Elements that have a very weak preference for a sublattice can usually be safely added at the expense of either element and will accommodate any deviation from stoichiometry by filling in for the deficient component. Unfortunately, this type of information is not known beforehand for most ordered systems. Therefore, a computational survey study, using a recently developed quantum approximate method, was undertaken at the NASA Glenn Research Center to determine the preferred site occupancy of ternary alloying additions to 12 different B2-ordered compounds including NiAl, FeAl, CoAl, CoFe, CoHf, CoTi, FeTi, RuAl, RuSi, RuHf, RuTi, and RuZr. Some of these compounds are potential high temperature structural alloys; others are used in thin-film magnetic and other electronic applications. The results are summarized. The italicized elements represent the previous sum total alloying information known and verify the computational method used to establish the table. Details of the computational procedures used to determine the preferred site occupancy can be found in reference 2. As further substantiation of the validity of the technique, and its extension to even more complicated systems, it was applied to two simultaneous alloying additions in an ordered alloy.

Thin film heterojunction photovoltaic cells and methods of making the same

DOEpatents

Basol, Bulent M.; Tseng, Eric S.; Rod, Robert L.

1983-06-14

A method of fabricating a thin film heterojunction photovoltaic cell which comprises depositing a film of a near intrinsic or n-type semiconductor compound formed of at least one of the metal elements of Class II B of the Periodic Table of Elements and at least tellurium and then heating said film at a temperature between about 250.degree. C. and 500.degree. C. for a time sufficient to convert said film to a suitably low resistivity p-type semiconductor compound. Such film may be deposited initially on the surface of an n-type semiconductor substrate. Alternatively, there may be deposited on the converted film a layer of n-type semiconductor compound different from the film semiconductor compound. The resulting photovoltaic cell exhibits a substantially increased power output over similar cells not subjected to the method of the present invention.

The First Row Anomaly and Recoupled Pair Bonding in the Halides of the Late p-Block Elements

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

The dramatic differences between the properties of molecules formed from the late p-block elements of the first row of the periodic table (N–F) and those of the corresponding elements in subsequent rows is well recognized as the first row anomaly. Certain properties of the atoms, such as the relative energies and spatial extents of the ns and np orbitals, can explain some of these differences, but not others. In this Account, we summarize the results of our recent computational studies of the halides of the late p-block elements. Our studies point to a single underlying cause for many of these differences: the ability of the late p-block elements in the second and subsequent rows of the periodic table to form recoupled pair bonds and recoupled pair bond dyads with very electronegative ligands. Recoupled pair bonds form when an electron in a singly occupied ligand orbital recouples the pair of electrons in a doubly occupied lone pair orbital on the central atom, leading to a central atom-ligand bond. Recoupled pair bond dyads occur when a second ligand forms a bond with the orbital left over from the initial recoupled pair bond. Recoupled pair bonds and recoupled pair bond dyads enable the late p-block elements to form remarkably stable hypervalent compounds such as PF5 and SF6 and lead to unexpected excited states in smaller halides of the late p-block elements such as SF and SF2. Recoupled pair bonding also causes the Fn–1X–F bond energies to oscillate dramatically once the normal valences of the central atoms have been satisfied. In addition, recoupled pair bonding provides a lower-energy pathway for inversion in heavily fluorinated compounds (PF3 and PF2H, but not PH2F and PH3) and leads to unusual intermediates and products in reactions involving halogens and late p-block element compounds, such as (CH3)2S + F2. Although this Account focuses on the halides of the second row, late p-block elements, recoupled pair bonds and recoupled pair bond dyads are important in the chemistry of p-block elements beyond the second row (As, Se, and Br) and for compounds of these elements with other very electronegative ligands, such as OH and O. Knowledge of recoupled pair bonding is thus critical to understanding the properties and reactivity of molecules containing the late p-block elements beyond the first row. PMID:23151313

The first row anomaly and recoupled pair bonding in the halides of the late p-block elements.

PubMed

Dunning, Thom H; Woon, David E; Leiding, Jeff; Chen, Lina

2013-02-19

The dramatic differences between the properties of molecules formed from the late p-block elements of the first row of the periodic table (N-F) and those of the corresponding elements in subsequent rows is well recognized as the first row anomaly. Certain properties of the atoms, such as the relative energies and spatial extents of the ns and np orbitals, can explain some of these differences, but not others. In this Account, we summarize the results of our recent computational studies of the halides of the late p-block elements. Our studies point to a single underlying cause for many of these differences: the ability of the late p-block elements in the second and subsequent rows of the periodic table to form recoupled pair bonds and recoupled pair bond dyads with very electronegative ligands. Recoupled pair bonds form when an electron in a singly occupied ligand orbital recouples the pair of electrons in a doubly occupied lone pair orbital on the central atom, leading to a central atom-ligand bond. Recoupled pair bond dyads occur when a second ligand forms a bond with the orbital left over from the initial recoupled pair bond. Recoupled pair bonds and recoupled pair bond dyads enable the late p-block elements to form remarkably stable hypervalent compounds such as PF(5) and SF(6) and lead to unexpected excited states in smaller halides of the late p-block elements such as SF and SF(2). Recoupled pair bonding also causes the F(n-1)X-F bond energies to oscillate dramatically once the normal valences of the central atoms have been satisfied. In addition, recoupled pair bonding provides a lower-energy pathway for inversion in heavily fluorinated compounds (PF(3) and PF(2)H, but not PH(2)F and PH(3)) and leads to unusual intermediates and products in reactions involving halogens and late p-block element compounds, such as (CH(3))(2)S + F(2). Although this Account focuses on the halides of the second row, late p-block elements, recoupled pair bonds and recoupled pair bond dyads are important in the chemistry of p-block elements beyond the second row (As, Se, and Br) and for compounds of these elements with other very electronegative ligands, such as OH and O. Knowledge of recoupled pair bonding is thus critical to understanding the properties and reactivity of molecules containing the late p-block elements beyond the first row.

Speciation analysis and bioaccessibility evaluation of trace elements in goji berries (Lycium Barbarum, L.).

PubMed

Wojcieszek, Justyna; Kwiatkowski, Piotr; Ruzik, Lena

2017-04-07

Goji berries (Lycium Barbarum, L.) are known for their nutritional potential as a great source of trace metals (e.g., copper, zinc and manganese) which are present in the form of highly bioaccessible compounds. In order to assess the bioaccessibility of trace elements and to identify compounds responsible for better bioaccessibility of copper and zinc, an in vitro simulation of gastrointestinal digestion was used in this study. The total content of trace metals was evaluated using sample digestion followed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Bioaccessibility of trace elements was estimated by size exclusion chromatography coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. These analytical methods were used to analyse samples of goji berries to determine the highest amount of elements. For total trace metal content in goji berries, Zn had the highest level of the three studied (10.6μgg -1 ), while the total content of manganese and copper was 9.9μgg -1 and 6.1μgg -1 , respectively. Additionally, the analysed metals were found to be highly bioaccessible to the human body (about 56% for Mn, 72% for Cu and 64% for Zn in the gastric extract and approximately 35% for Mn, 23% for Cu and 31% for Zn in the case of gastrointestinal extract). To obtain information about metal complexes present in goji berries, extraction treatment using different solutions (ionic liquid, HEPES, SDS, Tris-HCl, ammonium acetate, water) was performed. Enzymatic treatment using pectinase and hemicellulase was also checked. Extracts of berries were analysed by SEC-ICP-MS and μHPLC-ESI-MS/MS techniques. The ionic liquid and pectinase extraction helped efficiently extract copper (seven compounds) and zinc (four compounds) complexes. Compounds identified in goji berries are most likely to be responsible for better bioaccessibility of those elements to the human organism. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Endocrine activity in an urban river system and the biodegradation of estrogen-like endocrine disrupting chemicals through a bio-analytical approach using DRE- and ERE-CALUX bioassays.

PubMed

Vandermarken, T; Croes, K; Van Langenhove, K; Boonen, I; Servais, P; Garcia-Armisen, T; Brion, N; Denison, M S; Goeyens, L; Elskens, M

2018-06-01

The Zenne River, crossing the Brussels region (Belgium) is an extremely urbanized river impacted by both domestic and industrial effluents. The objective of this study was to monitor the occurrence and activity of Endocrine Active Substances (EAS) in river water and sediments in the framework of the Environmental Quality Standards Directive (2008/105/EC and 2013/39/EU). Activities were determined using Estrogen and Dioxin Responsive Elements (ERE and DRE) Chemical Activated Luciferase Gene Expression (CALUX) bioassays. A potential contamination source of estrogen active compounds was identified in the river at an industrial area downstream from Brussels with a peak value of 938 pg E2 eq./L water (above the EQS of 0.4 ng/L) and 195 pg E2 eq./g sediment. Estrogens are more abundantly present in the sediments than in the dissolved phase. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed high correlations between Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM), Particulate (POC) and Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) and estrogenic EAS. The dioxin fractions comply with previous data and all were above the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) low-level risk, with one (42 pg TCDD eq./g sediment) exceeding the high-level risk value for mammals. The self-purifying ability of the Zenne River regarding estrogens was examined with an in vitro biodegradation experiment using the bacterial community naturally present in the river. Hill coefficient and EC 50 values (Effective Concentration at 50%) revealed a process of biodegradation in particulate and dissolved phase. The estrogenic activity was decreased by 80%, demonstrating the ability of self-purification of estrogenic compounds in the Zenne River. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Biology-oriented drug synthesis (BIODS): In vitro β-glucuronidase inhibitory and in silico studies on 2-(2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethyl aryl carboxylate derivatives.

PubMed

Salar, Uzma; Khan, Khalid Mohammed; Taha, Muhammad; Ismail, Nor Hadiani; Ali, Basharat; Qurat-Ul-Ain; Perveen, Shahnaz; Ghufran, Mehreen; Wadood, Abdul

2017-01-05

Current study is based on the biology-oriented drug synthesis (BIODS) of 2-(2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethyl aryl carboxylate derivatives 1-26, by treating metronidazole with different aryl and hetero-aryl carboxylic acids in the presence of 1,1'-carbonyl diimidazole (CDI) as a coupling agent. Structures of all synthetic derivatives were confirmed with the help of various spectroscopic techniques such as EI-MS, 1 H -NMR and 13 C NMR. CHN elemental analyses were also found in agreement with the calculated values. Synthetic derivatives were evaluated to check their β-glucuronidase inhibitory activity which revealed that except few derivatives, all demonstrated good inhibition in the range of IC 50  = 1.20 ± 0.01-60.30 ± 1.40 μM as compared to the standard d-saccharic acid 1,4-lactone (IC 50  = 48.38 ± 1.05 μM). Compounds 1, 3, 4, 6, 9-19, and 21-24 were found to be potent analogs and showed superior activity than standard. Limited structure-activity relationship is suggested that the molecules having electron withdrawing groups like NO 2 , F, Cl, and Br, were displayed better activity than the compounds with electron donating groups such as Me, OMe and BuO. To verify these interpretations, in silico study was also performed, a good correlation was observed between bioactivities and docking studies. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Multi-component intermetallic electrodes for lithium batteries

DOEpatents

Thackeray, Michael M; Trahey, Lynn; Vaughey, John T

2015-03-10

Multi-component intermetallic negative electrodes prepared by electrochemical deposition for non-aqueous lithium cells and batteries are disclosed. More specifically, the invention relates to composite intermetallic electrodes comprising two or more compounds containing metallic or metaloid elements, at least one element of which can react with lithium to form binary, ternary, quaternary or higher order compounds, these compounds being in combination with one or more other metals that are essentially inactive toward lithium and act predominantly, but not necessarily exclusively, to the electronic conductivity of, and as current collection agent for, the electrode. The invention relates more specifically to negative electrode materials that provide an operating potential between 0.05 and 2.0 V vs. metallic lithium.

Thermodynamic Properties of Actinides and Actinide Compounds

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Konings, Rudy J. M.; Morss, Lester R.; Fuger, Jean

The necessity of obtaining accurate thermodynamic quantities for the actinide elements and their compounds was recognized at the outset of the Manhattan Project, when a dedicated team of scientists and engineers initiated the program to exploit nuclear energy for military purposes. Since the end of World War II, both fundamental and applied objectives have motivated a great deal of further study of actinide thermodynamics. This chapter brings together many research papers and critical reviews on this subject. It also seeks to assess, to systematize, and to predict important properties of the actinide elements, ions, and compounds, especially for species in which there is significant interest and for which there is an experimental basis for the prediction.

Synthesis, structural characterization and mobility measurement of electron accepting pyrazine derivatives

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lai, William W.

Several pyrazine based cyano aza derivatives have been synthesized and electronic devices made from them. Hole and electron mobilities were measured using a time of flight (TOF) method with silicon wafers as both the substrate and charge carrier generation layer. The high density of charge carriers generated from silicon allowed for film layers as thin as 100nm and up to 250nm. Two compounds, 2,3,6,7-tetracyano-1,4,5,8-tetraazanapthalene (TCNN) and 2,3,6,7-tetracyano-9,10-dioctyl-1,4,5,6,9,10-hexaazaanthracene (DOA) were shown to be good electron acceptors. The potentials at which TCNN and DOA are reduced was -0.03 and -1.5 volts respectively. Electron mobilities of both compounds were found to be 2x10-5 cm2V˙s . The previously unreported oxidation potential of 2,3,6,7-tetracyano-9,10-dioctyl 1,4,5,6,9,10-hexaazaanthracene was measured and the hole mobility was determined to be 2x10-5 cm2V˙s . In the case of DOA, the charge carrier density of the electron carriers was comparable to that of the charge carrier density of the hole carriers. In contrast, the electron TOF signal of TCNN, which does not exhibit an oxidation, is greater than the hole TOF signal by roughly 200 fold. The inability for TCNN to act as a hole carrier was remedied by combining it with tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) as an electron donor. Crystals of the 1:1 complex were grown and the solved structure revealed segregated stacking. Conductivity measurements, by both two and four point methods determined the range of conductivity ranging from 10-5 to 10-6 Scm . The electron and hole mobility of the material was determined to be 2x10-5 and 2x10-6 cm2V˙s respectively. With the complementary TTF:TCNN system, the electron V-s and hole TOF signals were comparable, indicating a material that can equally conduct electrons or holes.

UTILITY OF THREE TYPES OF MASS SPECTROMETERS FOR DETERMINING ELEMENTAL COMPOSITIONS OF IONS FORMED FROM CHROMATOGRAPHICALLY SEPARATED COMPOUNDS

EPA Science Inventory

Sponsor Referee: Douglas F. Barofsky, Oregon State University Concentration factors of 1000 and more reveal dozens of compounds in extracts of water supplies. Library mass spectra for most of these compounds are not available, and alternative means of identification are needed. D...

Experimental formation enthalpies for intermetallic phases and other inorganic compounds

PubMed Central

Kim, George; Meschel, S. V.; Nash, Philip; Chen, Wei

2017-01-01

The standard enthalpy of formation of a compound is the energy associated with the reaction to form the compound from its component elements. The standard enthalpy of formation is a fundamental thermodynamic property that determines its phase stability, which can be coupled with other thermodynamic data to calculate phase diagrams. Calorimetry provides the only direct method by which the standard enthalpy of formation is experimentally measured. However, the measurement is often a time and energy intensive process. We present a dataset of enthalpies of formation measured by high-temperature calorimetry. The phases measured in this dataset include intermetallic compounds with transition metal and rare-earth elements, metal borides, metal carbides, and metallic silicides. These measurements were collected from over 50 years of calorimetric experiments. The dataset contains 1,276 entries on experimental enthalpy of formation values and structural information. Most of the entries are for binary compounds but ternary and quaternary compounds are being added as they become available. The dataset also contains predictions of enthalpy of formation from first-principles calculations for comparison. PMID:29064466

Impact of the addition of chicken litter on mercury speciation and emissions from coal combustion in a laboratory-scale fluidized bed combustor

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Songgeng Li; Shuang Deng; Andy Wu

Co-combustion of chicken litter with coal was performed in a laboratory-scale fluidized bed combustor to investigate the effect of chicken litter addition on the partitioning behavior of mercury. Gaseous total and elemental mercury concentrations in the flue gas were measured online, and ash was analyzed for particle-bound mercury along with other elemental and surface properties. The mercury mass balance was between 85 and 105%. The experimental results show that co-combustion of chicken litter decreases the amount of elemental and total mercury in the gas phase. Mercury content in fly ash increases with an increasing chicken litter share. 22 refs., 6more » figs., 5 tabs.« less

41 CFR 105-62.202 - Review of classified materials for declassification purposes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... particularity or narrow the scope of the request, the element that received the request shall notify the... referral, it shall process the request in accordance with the requirements of this paragraph and, if so...) Based upon the outcome of the appeal, a reply shall be made to the person making the appeal that either...

Influence of Element Substitution on Corrosion Behavior of Bi2Te3-Based Compounds

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kohri, Hitoshi; Yagasaki, Takayoshi

2018-02-01

Atmospheric water may condense on the surface of Bi2Te3-based compounds constituting the Peltier module, depending on the operating environment used. In the stage of disposal, Bi2Te3-based compounds may come into contact with water in waste disposal sites. There are very few publications about the influence of condensed water on Peltier modules. Bi2Te3-Sb2Te3 or Bi2Te3-Bi2Se3 pseudo binary system compounds are used as p-type material or n-type material, respectively. The lattice distortion will be induced in the crystal of Bi2Te3-based compounds by element substitution due to the reduction in their thermal conductivity. However, the influence of element substitution on the corrosion behavior of Bi2Te3-based compounds remains unclear. In this study, the influence of element substitution on the corrosion behavior of Bi2Te3-based compounds with practical compositions has been investigated. Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 or Bi2Te2.85Se0.15 was prepared by the vertical Bridgman method. The electrochemical properties at room temperature were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry in a standard three-electrode cell. The working electrolyte was a naturally aerated 0.6 or 3.0 mass% NaCl solution. From the tendency for corrosion potential for all the samples, the corrosion sensitivity of ternary compounds was slightly higher than that of binary compounds. From the trend of current density, it was found that Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 had a corrosion resistance intermediate between Bi2Te3 and Sb2Te3. On the other hand, corrosion resistance was affected despite a small amount of Se substitution, and the corrosion resistance of Bi2Te2.85Se0.15 was close to or lower than that of Bi2Se3. From the observation results of the corrosion products, the trends of morphology and composition of corrosion products for Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 or Bi2Te2.85Se0.15 were consistent with those of Sb2Te3 or Bi2Se3, respectively. From the results of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy for the electrolyte after testing, the possibility that a corrosion product diffuses to the environment including the salt was suggested in Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3. However, the amount of dissolved corrosion product was very low, and the chemical stability of the corrosion product was not changed or improved by element substitution.

Influence of Element Substitution on Corrosion Behavior of Bi2Te3-Based Compounds

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kohri, Hitoshi; Yagasaki, Takayoshi

2018-06-01

Atmospheric water may condense on the surface of Bi2Te3-based compounds constituting the Peltier module, depending on the operating environment used. In the stage of disposal, Bi2Te3-based compounds may come into contact with water in waste disposal sites. There are very few publications about the influence of condensed water on Peltier modules. Bi2Te3-Sb2Te3 or Bi2Te3-Bi2Se3 pseudo binary system compounds are used as p-type material or n-type material, respectively. The lattice distortion will be induced in the crystal of Bi2Te3-based compounds by element substitution due to the reduction in their thermal conductivity. However, the influence of element substitution on the corrosion behavior of Bi2Te3-based compounds remains unclear. In this study, the influence of element substitution on the corrosion behavior of Bi2Te3-based compounds with practical compositions has been investigated. Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 or Bi2Te2.85Se0.15 was prepared by the vertical Bridgman method. The electrochemical properties at room temperature were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry in a standard three-electrode cell. The working electrolyte was a naturally aerated 0.6 or 3.0 mass% NaCl solution. From the tendency for corrosion potential for all the samples, the corrosion sensitivity of ternary compounds was slightly higher than that of binary compounds. From the trend of current density, it was found that Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 had a corrosion resistance intermediate between Bi2Te3 and Sb2Te3. On the other hand, corrosion resistance was affected despite a small amount of Se substitution, and the corrosion resistance of Bi2Te2.85Se0.15 was close to or lower than that of Bi2Se3. From the observation results of the corrosion products, the trends of morphology and composition of corrosion products for Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 or Bi2Te2.85Se0.15 were consistent with those of Sb2Te3 or Bi2Se3, respectively. From the results of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy for the electrolyte after testing, the possibility that a corrosion product diffuses to the environment including the salt was suggested in Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3. However, the amount of dissolved corrosion product was very low, and the chemical stability of the corrosion product was not changed or improved by element substitution.

Semiconductor neutron detector

DOEpatents

Ianakiev, Kiril D [Los Alamos, NM; Littlewood, Peter B [Cambridge, GB; Blagoev, Krastan B [Arlington, VA; Swinhoe, Martyn T [Los Alamos, NM; Smith, James L [Los Alamos, NM; Sullivan, Clair J [Los Alamos, NM; Alexandrov, Boian S [Los Alamos, NM; Lashley, Jason Charles [Santa Fe, NM

2011-03-08

A neutron detector has a compound of lithium in a single crystal form as a neutron sensor element. The lithium compound, containing improved charge transport properties, is either lithium niobate or lithium tantalate. The sensor element is in direct contact with a monitor that detects an electric current. A signal proportional to the electric current is produced and is calibrated to indicate the neutrons sensed. The neutron detector is particularly useful for detecting neutrons in a radiation environment. Such radiation environment may, e.g. include gamma radiation and noise.

SEPARATION OF PLUTONIUM FROM ELEMENTS HAVING AN ATOMIC NUMBER NOT LESS THAN 92

DOEpatents

Fitch, F.T.; Russell, D.S.

1958-09-16

other elements having atomic numbers nnt less than 92, It has been proposed in the past to so separate plutonium by solvent extraction iato an organic solvent using triglycoldichlcride as the organic solvent. The improvement lies in the discovery that triglycoldichloride performs far more efflciently as an extractant, wher certain second organie compounds are added to it. Mentioned as satisfactory additive compounds are benzaldehyde, saturated aliphatic aldehydes containtng at least twc carbon atoms, and certain polyhydric phenols.

Elements, Compounds & Mixtures. Physical Science in Action[TM]. Schlessinger Science Library. [Videotape].

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

2000

The world contains a limited number of elements--the purest form of matter. But when these elements are combined, the possibilities are limitless! Water, carbon dioxide and salt are just a few examples of how elements can be combined to form entirely new substances. Many of these combinations occur naturally, while others are man-made. Students…

Controlling the stoichiometry and doping of semiconductor materials

DOEpatents

Albin, David; Burst, James; Metzger, Wyatt; Duenow, Joel; Farrell, Stuart; Colegrove, Eric

2016-08-16

Methods for treating a semiconductor material are provided. According to an aspect of the invention, the method includes annealing the semiconductor material in the presence of a compound that includes a first element and a second element. The first element provides an overpressure to achieve a desired stoichiometry of the semiconductor material, and the second element provides a dopant to the semiconductor material.

Formularity: Software for Automated Formula Assignment of Natural and Other Organic Matter from Ultrahigh-Resolution Mass Spectra

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tolić, Nikola; Liu, Yina; Liyu, Andrey

Ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry, such as Fourier transform ion-cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS), can resolve thousands of molecular ions in complex organic matrices. A Compound Identification Algorithm (CIA) was previously developed for automated elemental formula assignment for natural organic matter (NOM). In this work we describe a user friendly interface for CIA, titled Formularity, which includes an additional functionality to perform search of formulas based on an Isotopic Pattern Algorithm (IPA). While CIA assigns elemental formulas for compounds containing C, H, O, N, S, and P, IPA is capable of assigning formulas for compounds containing other elements. We used halogenatedmore » organic compounds (HOC), a chemical class that is ubiquitous in nature as well as anthropogenic systems, as an example to demonstrate the capability of Formularity with IPA. A HOC standard mix was used to evaluate the identification confidence of IPA. The HOC spike in NOM and tap water were used to assess HOC identification in natural and anthropogenic matrices. Strategies for reconciliation of CIA and IPA assignments are discussed. Software and sample databases with documentation are freely available from the PNNL OMICS software repository https://omics.pnl.gov/software/formularity.« less

REDUCTION OF INORGANIC COMPOUNDS WITH MOLECULAR HYDROGEN BY MICROCOCCUS LACTILYTICUS I.

PubMed Central

Woolfolk, C. A.; Whiteley, H. R.

1962-01-01

Woolfolk, C. A. (University of Washington, Seattle) and H. R. Whiteley. Reduction of inorganic compounds with molecular hydrogen by Micrococcus lactilyticus. I. Stoichiometry with compounds of arsenic, selenium, tellurium, transition and other elements. J. Bacteriol. 84:647–658. 1962.—Extracts of Micrococcus lactilyticus (Veillonella alcalescens) oxidize molecular hydrogen at the expense of certain compounds of arsenic, bismuth, selenium, tellurium, lead, thallium, vanadium, manganese, iron, copper, molybdenum, tungsten, osmium, ruthenium, gold, silver, and uranium, as well as molecular oxygen. Chemical and manometric data indicate that the following reductions are essentially quantitative: arsenate to arsenite, pentavalent and trivalent bismuth to the free element, selenite via elemental selenium to selenide, tellurate and tellurite to tellurium, lead dioxide and manganese dioxide to the divalent state, ferric to ferrous iron, osmium tetroxide to osmate ion, osmium dioxide and trivalent osmium to the metal, uranyl uranium to the tetravalent state, vanadate to the level of vanadyl, and polymolybdate ions to molybdenum blues with an average valence for molybdenum of +5. The results of a study of certain other hydrogenase-containing bacteria with respect to their ability to carry out some of the same reactions are also presented. PMID:14001842

A Summary Report on the NPH Evaluation of 105-L Disassembly Basin

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Joshi, J.R.

2002-04-30

The L Area Disassembly Basin (LDB) is evaluated for the natural phenomena hazards (NPH) effects due to earthquake, wind, and tornado in accordance with DOE Order 420.1 and DOE-STD-1020. The deterministic analysis is performed for a Performance Category 3 (PC3) level of loads. Savannah River Site (SRS) specific NPH loads and design criteria are obtained from Engineering Standard 01060. It is demonstrated that the demand to capacity (D/C) ratios for primary and significant structural elements are acceptable (equal to or less than 1.0). Thus, 105-L Disassembly Basin building structure is qualified for the PC3 NPH effects in accordance with DOEmore » Order 420.1.« less

Chemical transitions of Areca semen during the thermal processing revealed by temperature-resolved ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and two-dimensional correlation analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Zhibiao; Wang, Xu; Pei, Wenxuan; Li, Sen; Sun, Suqin; Zhou, Qun; Chen, Jianbo

2018-03-01

Areca semen is a common herb used in traditional Chinese medicine, but alkaloids in this herb are categorized as Group I carcinogens by IARC. It has been proven that the stir-baking process can reduce alkaloids in Areca semen while keep the activity for promoting digestion. However, the changes of compositions other than alkaloids during the thermal processing are unclear. Understanding the thermal chemical transitions of Areca semen is necessary to explore the processing mechanisms and optimize the procedures. In this research, FTIR spectroscopy with a temperature-controlled ATR accessory is employed to study the heating process of Areca semen. Principal component analysis and two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy are used to interpret the spectra to reveal the chemical transitions of Areca semen in different temperature ranges. The loss of a few volatile compounds in the testa and sperm happens below 105 °C, while some esters in the sperm decreases above 105 °C. As the heating temperature is close to 210 °C, Areca semen begins to be scorched and the decomposition of many compounds can be observed. This research shows the potential of the temperature-resolved ATR-FTIR spectroscopy in exploring the chemical transitions of the thermal processing of herbal materials.

Kinetic control of intralayer cobalt coordination in layered hydroxides: Co(1-0.5x)(oct) Co(x)(tet) (OH)2 (Cl)x (H2O)n.

PubMed

Neilson, James R; Schwenzer, Birgit; Seshadri, Ram; Morse, Daniel E

2009-12-07

We report the synthesis and characterization of new structural variants of the isotypic compound with the generic chemical formula, Co(1-0.5x)(oct) Co(x)(tet) (OH)2 (Cl)x (H2O)n, all modifications of an alpha-Co(OH)2 lattice. We show that the occupancy of tetrahedrally coordinated cobalt sites and associated chloride ligands, x, is modulated by the rate of formation of the respective layered hydroxide salts from kinetically controlled aqueous hydrolysis at an air-water interface. This new level of structural control is uniquely enabled by the slow diffusion of a hydrolytic catalyst, a simple technique. Independent structural characterizations of the compounds separately describe various attributes of the materials on different length scales, revealing details hidden by the disordered average structures. The precise control over the population of distinct octahedrally and tetrahedrally coordinated cobalt ions in the lattice provides a gentle, generic method for modulating the coordination geometry of cobalt in the material without disturbing the lattice or using additional reagents. A mechanism is proposed to reconcile the observation of the kinetic control of the structure with competing interactions during the initial stages of hydrolysis and condensation.

Magnetic phase transitions and magnetic structures in RTxX2, RSn1+xGe1-x and RSn2 compounds

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gil, Alina

2018-02-01

The work presents the review of magnetic properties of the RTxX2, RSn1+xGe1-x and RSn2 compounds. The RTxX2 (where R - rare earth, T - 3d-metal, X - p-electron element: Si, Ge, Sn, and 1 ≥ x > 0) and RSn1+xGe1-x compounds (where x ≈ 0.1) crystallize in the orthorhombic crystal structure of CeNiSi2-type and RSn2 compounds crystallize in ZrSi2-type structure. Both structures are described by the space group Cmcm. The RSn1+xGe1-x compounds seem to be interesting due to the replacement of d-metal to p-electron element. The non-stoichiometric CeNiSi2-type of RTxX2 compounds may be regarded as partially filled ZrSi2-type compounds. The transitions from paramagnetic to antiferromagnetic or ferromagnetic states are observed at low temperatures and there are lots of variants of magnetic structures ranging from simple collinear to the sine-modulated structures with commensurate or incommensurate propagation vector. The comparison of magnetic properties of these compounds may help to find answers to questions concerning mechanisms of interaction between the magnetic moments.

Analysis of Taiwan patents for the medicinal mushroom "Niu-Chang- Chih".

PubMed

Chen, Yu-Fen; Lu, Wen-Ling; Wu, Ming-Der; Yuan, Gwo-Fang

2013-04-01

"Niu-Chang-Chih" (Antrodia cinnanomea) is a medicinal mushroom that has only been collected from the aromatic tree, Cinnamomum kanehirai, which is native to Taiwan. A total of 105 Taiwan patent applications and patents for "Niu-Chang-Chih" were collected and analyzed. Patent applications and granted patents claiming newly identified functional components from "Niu-Chang-Chih," biologically pure cultures of the mushroom strain, and cultivation of "Niu-Chang-Chih" were examined. Several applications and patents claim identified active compounds from "Niu-Chang- Chih," which provide better patent protection. These newly identified functional compounds include cyclohexanones, maleic and succinic acid derivatives, labdane diterpenoids, and benzenoids. Newly identified functional proteins include a glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase (GFD), a glycoprotein named ACA1, and a laccase. Newly identified functional polysaccharides include ACP1, ACP2, and ACP3. The number of patents for newly identified compounds and their uses are expected to continue growing.

Mossbauer investigation of some layered Fe(II)Cl compounds

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mostafa, M. F.; Atallah, A. S.; Emrick, R.

1997-04-01

Mossbauer effect studies (ME) for members of the alkylene-diammonium series, (CH2)n(NH3)2Fe(II)Cl4, where n=3, 4, 5, and 6 are presented. At 78 K the ME spectra reveal similar general features showing an 8 line well split hyperfine spectra; the effective magnetic field is in the range 18.5-20 T. Fitting the magnetization curves to the theoretical models showed that all compounds are best fitted to a 2d Ising system with β values in the range of 0.124-0.151, D=1.05-1.12, and TN=102.2-105.2 K for n=3 to n=6, respectively. Structural phase transitions have been found for the n=3 and 6 compounds at Ts=230 and 242 K, respectively. Electric permittivity of two members of the series is presented and related to the ME results.

Hepatoprotective activity of twelve novel 7'-hydroxy lignan glucosides from Arctii Fructus.

PubMed

Yang, Ya-Nan; Huang, Xiao-Ying; Feng, Zi-Ming; Jiang, Jian-Shuang; Zhang, Pei-Cheng

2014-09-17

Twelve novel 7'-hydroxy lignan glucosides (1-12), including two benzofuran-type neolignans, two 8-O-4' neolignans, two dibenzylbutyrolactone lignans, and six tetrahydrofuranoid lignans, together with six known lignan glucosides (13-18), were isolated from the fruit of Arctium lappa L. (Asteraceae), commonly known as Arctii Fructus. Their structures were elucidated using spectroscopy (1D and 2D NMR, MS, IR, ORD, and UV) and on the basis of chemical evidence. The absolute configurations of compounds 1-12 were confirmed using rotating frame nuclear overhauser effect spectroscopy (ROESY), the circular dichroic (CD) exciton chirality method, and Rh2(OCOCF3)4-induced CD spectrum analysis. All of the isolated compounds were tested for hepatoprotective effects against D-galactosamine-induced cytotoxicity in HL-7702 hepatic cells. Compounds 1, 2, 7-12, and 17 showed significantly stronger hepatoprotective activity than the positive control bicyclol at a concentration of 1 × 10(-5) M.

Finite Element Analysis of Walking Beam of a New Compound Adjustment Balance Pumping Unit

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, Jufei; Wang, Qian; Han, Yunfei

2017-12-01

In this paper, taking the designer of the new compound balance pumping unit beam as our research target, the three-dimensional model is established by Solid Works, the load and the constraint are determined. ANSYS Workbench is used to analyze the tail and the whole of the beam, the stress and deformation are obtained to meet the strength requirements. The finite element simulation and theoretical calculation of the moment of the center axis beam are carried out. The finite element simulation results are compared with the calculated results of the theoretical mechanics model to verify the correctness of the theoretical calculation. Finally, the finite element analysis is consistent with the theoretical calculation results. The theoretical calculation results are preferable, and the bending moment value provides the theoretical reference for the follow-up optimization and research design.

The chemistry of the superheavy elements. II. The stability of high oxidation states in group 11 elements: Relativistic coupled cluster calculations for the di-, tetra- and hexafluoro metallates of Cu, Ag, Au, and element 111

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Seth, Michael; Cooke, Fiona; Schwerdtfeger, Peter; Heully, Jean-Louis; Pelissier, Michel

1998-09-01

The stability of the high oxidation states +3 and +5 in Group 11 fluorides is studied by relativistic Møller-Plesset (MP) and coupled cluster methods. Higher metal oxidation states are stabilized by relativistic effects. As a result, the hexafluoro complex of the Group 11 element with nuclear charge 111 and oxidation state +5 is the most stable compared to the other congeners. The results also suggest that AgF6- is thermodynamically stable and, therefore, it might be feasable to synthesize this compound. For the copper fluorides we observe very large oscillations in the Møller-Plesset series up to the fourth order. Nonrelativistic calculations lead to the expected trend in the metal-fluorine bond distances for the MF2- compounds, CuF2-

Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and electrospray mass spectrometry for speciation analysis: applications and instrumentation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rosen, Amy L.; Hieftje, Gary M.

2004-02-01

To gain an understanding of the function, toxicity and distribution of trace elements, it is necessary to determine not only the presence and concentration of the elements of interest, but also their speciation, by identifying and characterizing the compounds within which each is present. For sensitive detection of compounds containing elements of interest, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is a popular method, and for identification of compounds via determination of molecular weight, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) is gaining increasing use. ICP-MS and ESI-MS, usually coupled to a separation technique such as chromatography or capillary electrophoresis, have already been applied to a large number of research problems in such diverse fields as environmental chemistry, nutritional science, and bioinorganic chemistry, but a great deal of work remains to be completed. Current areas of research to which ICP-MS and ESI-MS have been applied are discussed, and the existing instrumentation used to solve speciation problems is described.

Design a 10 kJ IS Mather Type Plasma Focus for Solid Target Activation to Produce Short-Lived Radioisotopes 12C(d,n)13N

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sadat Kiai, S. M.; Adlparvar, S.; Sheibani, S.; Elahi, M.; Safarien, A.; Farhangi, S.; Zirak, A. R.; Alhooie, S.; Mortazavi, B. N.; Khalaj, M. M.; Khanchi, A. R.; Dabirzadeh, A. A.; Kashani, A.; Zahedi, F.

2010-10-01

A 10 kJ (15 kV, 88 μF) IS (Iranian Sun) Mather type plasma focus device has been studied to determine the activity of a compound exogenous carbon solid target through 12C(d,n)13N nuclear reaction. The produced 13N is a short-lived radioisotope with a half-life of 9.97 min and threshold energy of 0.28 MeV. The results indicate that energetic deuterons impinging on the solid target can produce yield of = 6.7 × 10-5 with an activity of A = 6.8 × 104 Bq for one plasma focus shut and A ν = 4 × 105 Bq for 6 shut per mint when the projectile maximum deuterons energy is E max = 3 MeV.

Organoelement chemistry: promising growth areas and challenges

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Abakumov, G. A.; Piskunov, A. V.; Cherkasov, V. K.; Fedushkin, I. L.; Ananikov, V. P.; Eremin, D. B.; Gordeev, E. G.; Beletskaya, I. P.; Averin, A. D.; Bochkarev, M. N.; Trifonov, A. A.; Dzhemilev, U. M.; D'yakonov, V. A.; Egorov, M. P.; Vereshchagin, A. N.; Syroeshkin, M. A.; Jouikov, V. V.; Muzafarov, A. M.; Anisimov, A. A.; Arzumanyan, A. V.; Kononevich, Yu N.; Temnikov, M. N.; Sinyashin, O. G.; Budnikova, Yu H.; Burilov, A. R.; Karasik, A. A.; Mironov, V. F.; Storozhenko, P. A.; Shcherbakova, G. I.; Trofimov, B. A.; Amosova, S. V.; Gusarova, N. K.; Potapov, V. A.; Shur, V. B.; Burlakov, V. V.; Bogdanov, V. S.; Andreev, M. V.

2018-05-01

The chemistry of organoelement compounds is now one of the most rapidly developing fields of research, regarding both fundamental science and solution of applied problems. This review covers a variety of classes of organoelement compounds, ranging from molecules with highly labile carbon–element bonds to compounds with stable bonds that form the basis of novel structural materials and demonstrates their role in scientific research and industrial production. The use of Grignard reagents in modern organic synthesis and application of catalytic cyclomagnesiation and cycloalumination reactions for the preparation of difficult-to-access metallacycles are considered. The electron transfer processes in redox-active derivatives of Group 14 elements and the role of radical ions in these processes are discussed. Considerable attention is paid to organometallic compounds, first of all, as catalysts; the dynamic nature of catalysis with these compounds is noted. Unusual strained metallacycles of high thermal stability, zirconacyclocumulenes, which also exhibit catalytic activity, are described. Complexes with redox-active ligands that substantially affect the reactivity of the metal centre and directly participate in reactions with various substrates as well as organometallic compounds of lanthanides are considered. Modern environmentally benign methods for the synthesis of organosilicon compounds and production of unique materials based on them are discussed. Particular Sections are devoted to organophosphorus compounds, including those exhibiting therapeutic properties and possessing unusual optical characteristics, and organic chalcogen compounds, which find use as ligands and biologically active molecules. The bibliography includes 1045 references.

Assessment of Metabolome Annotation Quality: A Method for Evaluating the False Discovery Rate of Elemental Composition Searches

PubMed Central

Matsuda, Fumio; Shinbo, Yoko; Oikawa, Akira; Hirai, Masami Yokota; Fiehn, Oliver; Kanaya, Shigehiko; Saito, Kazuki

2009-01-01

Background In metabolomics researches using mass spectrometry (MS), systematic searching of high-resolution mass data against compound databases is often the first step of metabolite annotation to determine elemental compositions possessing similar theoretical mass numbers. However, incorrect hits derived from errors in mass analyses will be included in the results of elemental composition searches. To assess the quality of peak annotation information, a novel methodology for false discovery rates (FDR) evaluation is presented in this study. Based on the FDR analyses, several aspects of an elemental composition search, including setting a threshold, estimating FDR, and the types of elemental composition databases most reliable for searching are discussed. Methodology/Principal Findings The FDR can be determined from one measured value (i.e., the hit rate for search queries) and four parameters determined by Monte Carlo simulation. The results indicate that relatively high FDR values (30–50%) were obtained when searching time-of-flight (TOF)/MS data using the KNApSAcK and KEGG databases. In addition, searches against large all-in-one databases (e.g., PubChem) always produced unacceptable results (FDR >70%). The estimated FDRs suggest that the quality of search results can be improved not only by performing more accurate mass analysis but also by modifying the properties of the compound database. A theoretical analysis indicates that FDR could be improved by using compound database with smaller but higher completeness entries. Conclusions/Significance High accuracy mass analysis, such as Fourier transform (FT)-MS, is needed for reliable annotation (FDR <10%). In addition, a small, customized compound database is preferable for high-quality annotation of metabolome data. PMID:19847304

Magnetically induced electrical transport and dielectric properties of 3d transition elemental substitution at the Mn-site in Nd0.67Ba0.33MnO3 manganites

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sudakshina, B.; Arun, B.; Chandrasekhar, K. Devi; Yang, H. D.; Vasundhara, M.

2018-05-01

We have investigated the temperature dependence of electrical transport and dielectric properties along with magnetoresistance and magneto dielectric behavior in Nd0.67Ba0.33Mn0.9TR0.1O3 (TR= Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu) manganites. All the compounds crystallized into an orthorhombic structure with Imma space group. Nd0.67Ba0.33MnO3 shows insulating to metallic behavior at intermediate temperatures, but, with the substitution of transitional elements it shows insulating in nature, down to lowest temperature measured for all the compounds. Dielectric measurement shows the intrinsic behavior of these lossy materials. A large value of magneto resistance is obtained for all the compounds and considerable amount of magneto-dielectric effect is shown for all the substituted compounds at lower temperatures.

Colorimetric chemosensor of symmetrical benzoylthiourea derivatives as for detection of Cu2+ in aqueous solution

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hamedan, N. A.; Hasan, S.; Zaki, H. M.; Alias, N. Z.

2017-02-01

A novel receptor, designed with a combination of oxygen (O), nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) -binding sites for metal ions was synthesized. Ortho (A), meta (B) and para (C) bearing benzoyl thiourea were designed and synthesized with triamine group to apply as colorimetric chemosensors for detection of Cu2+. The structure was confirmed by characterized the compound using Elemental analysis, Fourier Infrared (FTIR) and proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy. Functional groups of C=O, N-H, C=N and C=S were found at 1677 cm-1, 3240 cm-1, 1591 cm-1, 1024 cm-1 respectively while 1H NMR shows peaks of alkane (CH2), benzene (Ar-H), CONH, CSNH at 3.68 - 4.14, 7.16 - 7.86, 8.74, and 9.2 respectively. Elemental analysis for A, B and C C20H21N5O2S2Br2 found was compatible with the expected theoretical calculation. For an application, all of these three sensors showed excellent colorimetric specific selectivity and high sensitivity for Cu2+ in acetonitrile/water binary solutions, so only A was selected for further studies towards sensitivity. When Cu2+ was added to the solution of A, a dramatic color change from yellow to green, while other cations Fe2+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Co2+, Cr3+ and Mn2+ did not interfere with the recognition process for Cu2+. The detection limit of the sensor C toward Cu2+ was 1.15 x 10-5 M, which is less sensitive that sensor A and B with a detection limit of 6.2 x 10-6 M and 1.5 x 10-6 M respectively. This indicated that the sensor A and B might be useful as an efficient chemical sensor.

A factor influence study of trace element bioaccumulation in moss bags.

PubMed

Cesa, M; Campisi, B; Bizzotto, A; Ferraro, C; Fumagalli, F; Nimis, P L

2008-10-01

Moss bags of Rhynchostegium riparioides were exposed to different water concentrations of 11 trace elements under laboratory conditions, according to a saturated fractional factorial design (67 treated combinations), with the aim of measuring (1) element uptake and (2) the main effects and first-order interactions of influent factors. Bioaccumulation was directly proportional to water concentration, but the uptake ratio (ranging from 10(2) to 10(5)) also depended on the concentration of other metals. The highest uptake ratios were observed for Al, Cu, Cr, Hg, and Pb. The multiple regression model showed that interactions among elements exist and induce both antagonism (Fe is the most frequent competitor) and synergism (Cr exerts a great influence on Pb and Zn uptake). Interactions might be relatively strong (as for As, Cr, and Pb) or weak (Cd and Hg). This evidence should be taken into consideration in biomonitoring surveys of industrial sites, where effluents release more than one contaminant.

Multifaceted processes controlling the distribution of hazardous compounds in the spontaneous combustion of coal and the effect of these compounds on human health.

PubMed

Oliveira, Marcos L S; da Boit, Kátia; Pacheco, Fernanda; Teixeira, Elba C; Schneider, Ismael L; Crissien, Tito J; Pinto, Diana C; Oyaga, Rafael M; Silva, Luis F O

2018-01-01

Pollution generated by hazardous elements and persistent organic compounds that affect coal fire is a major environmental concern because of its toxic nature, persistence, and potential risk to human health. The coal mining activities are growing in the state of Santa Catarina in Brazil, thus the collateral impacts on the health and economy are yet to be analyzed. In addition, the environment is also enduring the collateral damage as the waste materials directly influence the coal by-products applied in civil constructions. This study was aimed to establish the relationships between the composition, morphology, and structural characteristics of ultrafine particles emitted by coal mine fires. In Brazil, the self-combustions produced by Al-Ca-Fe-Mg-Si coal spheres are rich in chalcophile elements (As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, and Zn), lithophile elements (Ce, Hf, In, La, Th, and U), and siderophile elements (Co, Cr, Mo, Fe, Ni, and V). The relationship between nanomineralogy and the production of hazardous elements as analyzed by advanced methods for the geochemical analysis of different materials were also delineated. The information obtained by the mineral substance analysis may provide a better idea for the understanding of coal-fire development and assessing the response of particular coal in different combustion processes. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Thermal Stability Characteristics of Nitroaromatic Compounds.

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-09-15

of a methyl ortho to the nitro group in nitroaromatic compounds introduces a new element into the decomposition behavior of such compounds. Inasmuch...thus without the aid of acid, base or photon catalysis. It is clear that the presence of a methyl ortho to the nitro group in nitroaromatic compounds...particular interest in terms of the substance of this work is the drastic change in reaction product when a methyl group is ortho to the nitro . Furthermore

77 FR 18987 - Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; Pennsylvania; Nonattainment New...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-29

... sulfate (SO 4 ); nitrate (NO 3 ); ammonium; elemental carbon; a great variety of organic compounds; and inorganic material (including metals, dust, sea salt, and other trace elements) generally referred to as... the air as a solid or liquid particle (e.g., elemental carbon from diesel engines or fire activities...

Synergistic effect of alloying elements doping and external pressure on the elastic property of Ni{sub 3}Al: A first-principles study

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Li, C., E-mail: lichun@nwpu.edu.cn; Shang, J.; Yue, Z.

2015-07-15

In this paper, the basic electronic structures and elastic properties of Ni{sub 3}Al doping with alloying elements (Re, Cr, and Mo) under different pressures have been investigated using first-principles calculations based on density functional theory. It is shown that both alloying elements and external applied pressure contribute positively to the elastic properties of Ni{sub 3}Al, and the configurations of the compounds remain almost unchanged. The calculated elastic constants and moduli increase linearly with the pressure increasing from 0 and 40 GPa. Among the alloying elements studied in the present work, Re exhibits the most significant effect compared with the othermore » elements, showing its practical importance. Especially, if both alloying elements doping and pressure effects are considered simultaneously, which has not been considered previously, the studied compounds exhibit an even better elastic property than the simple superposition of the two influences. Such synergistic effect demonstrates promising applications of Ni-based single crystal superalloys in possible extreme mechanical environments.« less

WELDING PROCESS

DOEpatents

Zambrow, J.; Hausner, H.

1957-09-24

A method of joining metal parts for the preparation of relatively long, thin fuel element cores of uranium or alloys thereof for nuclear reactors is described. The process includes the steps of cleaning the surfaces to be jointed, placing the sunfaces together, and providing between and in contact with them, a layer of a compound in finely divided form that is decomposable to metal by heat. The fuel element members are then heated at the contact zone and maintained under pressure during the heating to decompose the compound to metal and sinter the members and reduced metal together producing a weld. The preferred class of decomposable compounds are the metal hydrides such as uranium hydride, which release hydrogen thus providing a reducing atmosphere in the vicinity of the welding operation.

Determination of sixteen elements and arsenic species in brown, polished and milled rice.

PubMed

Narukawa, Tomohiro; Matsumoto, Eri; Nishimura, Tsutomu; Hioki, Akiharu

2014-01-01

The concentrations of 16 elements in 10 rice flour samples and the distribution of the elements in the rice grains from which the flour were made were determined by ICP-MS and ICP-OES after microwave-assisted digestion of the samples. Arsenic speciation analysis was carried out by HPLC-ICP-MS following heat-assisted extraction of the sample. The concentrations of inorganic As (As(III) and As(V)), monomethylarsonic acid (MMAA) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMAA) and their distribution in the rice grains were determined. Portions of the brown rice were polished/milled to different degrees to yield milled off samples and polished rice samples. All samples were powdered and analyzed for 16 elements and for As species. The recoveries and mass balances for all elements in all samples showed good agreements with the starting materials. As(III), As(V), MMAA and DMAA were detected, and the sums of the concentrations of all species in the extract were 86-105% of the total As concentration in each case.

Tested Demonstrations.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gilbert, George L., Ed.

1979-01-01

Presents two demonstrations for classroom use related to precipitation of ferrous hydroxide and to variation of vapor pressure with temperature. The former demonstration is simple and useful when discussing solubility of ionic compounds electrode potential of transition elements, and mixed valence compounds. (Author/SA)

cis-fumagillin, a new methionine aminopeptidase (type 2) inhibitor produced by Penicillium sp. F2757.

PubMed

Kwon, J Y; Jeong, H W; Kim, H K; Kang, K H; Chang, Y H; Bae, K S; Choi, J D; Lee, U C; Son, K H; Kwon, B M

2000-08-01

Selective inhibition against the yeast MetAP2 (methionine aminopeptidase type 2) was detected in the fermentation broth of a fungus F2757 that was later identified as Penicillium janczewskii. A new compound cis-fumagillin methyl ester (1) was isolated from the diazomethane treated fermentation extracts together with the known compound fumagillin methyl ester (2). The cis-fumagillin methyl ester, a stereoisomer of fumagillin methyl ester at the C2'-C3' position of the aliphatic side chain, selectively inhibited growth of the map1 mutant yeast strain (MetAP1 deletion strain) at a concentration as low as 1 ng. However, the wild type yeast w303 and the mutant map2 (MetAP2 deleted) strains were resistant up to 10 microg of the compound. In enzyme experiments, compound 1 inhibited the MetAP2 with an IC50 value of 6.3 nM, but it did not inhibit the MetAP1 (IC50 >200 microM). Compound 2 also inhibited the MetAP2 with an IC50 value of 9.2 nM and 105 microM against MetAP1.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of 3-thiazolocoumarinyl Schiff-base derivatives as cholinesterase inhibitors.

PubMed

Raza, Rabia; Saeed, Aamer; Arif, Mubeen; Mahmood, Shamsul; Muddassar, Muhammad; Raza, Ahsan; Iqbal, Jamshed

2012-10-01

On the basis of the observed biological activity of the coumarins, a new set of 3-thiazolocoumarinyl Schiff-base derivatives with chlorine, hydroxy and methoxy functional group substitutions were designed and synthesized. These compounds were tested against acetylcholinesterase from Electrophorus electricus and butyrylcholinesterase from horse serum and their structure-activity relationship was established. Studies revealed them as the potential inhibitors of cholinesterase (acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase). The 3f was found to be most potent against acetylcholinesterase with K(i) value of 1.05 ± 0.3 μM and 3l showed excellent inhibitory action against butyrylcholinesterase with K(i) value of 0.041 ± 0.002 μM. The synthesized compounds were also docked into the active sites of the homology models of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase to predict the binding modes of these compounds. It was predicted that most of the compounds have similar binding modes with reasonable binding affinities. Our docking studies have also shown that these synthesized compounds have better interaction patterns with butyrylcholinesterase over acetylcholinesterase. The main objective of the study was to develop new potent and selective compounds, which might be further optimized to prevent the progression of the Alzheimer's disease and could provide symptomatic treatment. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S.

Characterization and content of flavonol derivatives of Allium ursinum L. plant.

PubMed

Oszmiański, J; Kolniak-Ostek, J; Wojdyło, A

2013-01-09

The phenolic compounds were extracted from green and yellow leaves, stalks, and seeds of garlic ( Allium ursinum L.). The extracts were analyzed by liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-PDA-ESI-MS/MS). In total, 21 compounds were detected. The flavonol derivatives were identified on the basis of their ultraviolet (UV) spectra and fragmentation patterns in collision-induced dissociation experiments. On the basis of accurate MS and MS/MS data, six compounds were newly identified in bear's garlic, mainly the kaempferol derivatives. As far as the investigated parts of garlic are concerned, the kaempferol derivatives were found to be predominant in yellow leaves [2362.96 mg/100 g of dry matter (dm)], followed by green leaves (1856.31 mg/100 g of dm). Seeds contained the minimal phenolic compounds, less than stalks. The yellow leaves of A. ursinum possessed a much larger content of compounds acylated with p-coumaric acid than green leaves (1299.97 versus 855.67 mg/100 g of dm, respectively). The stalks and seeds contained much more non-acetylated than acetylated flavonoid glycosides with p-coumaric acid compounds (162.4 versus 62.82 mg/100 g of dm and 105.49 versus 24.18 mg/100 g of dm, respectively).

NUCLEAR REACTOR FUEL ELEMENT AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURE

DOEpatents

Brooks, H.

1960-04-26

A description is given for a fuel element comprising a body of uranium metal or an uranium compound dispersed in a matrix material made from magnesium, calcium, or barium and a stainless steel jacket enclosing the body.

Organic compounds and trace elements in fish tissue and bed sediment from streams in the Yellowstone River basin, Montana and Wyoming, 1998

USGS Publications Warehouse

Peterson, David A.; Boughton, Gregory K.

2000-01-01

A comprehensive water-quality investigation of the Yellowstone River Basin began in 1997, under the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program. Twenty-four sampling sites were selected for sampling of fish tissue and bed sediment during 1998. Organic compounds analyzed included organochlorine insecticides and their metabolites and total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from fish-tissue and bed-sediment samples, and semivolatile organic compounds from bed-sediment samples. A broad suite of trace elements was analyzed from both fish-tissue and bed-sediment samples, and a special study related to mercury also was conducted. Of the 12 organochlorine insecticides and metabolites detected in the fish-tissue samples, the most compounds per site were detected in samples from integrator sites which represent a mixture of land uses. The presence of DDT, and its metabolites DDD and DDE, in fish collected in the Yellowstone Park area likely reflects long-term residual effects from historical DDT-spraying programs for spruce budworm. Dieldrin, chlordane, and other organic compounds also were detected in the fish-tissue samples. The compound p, p'-DDE was detected at 71 percent of the sampling sites, more than any other compound. The concentrations of total DDT in fish samples were low, however, compared to concentrations from historical data from the study area, other NAWQA studies in the Rocky Mountains, and national baseline concentrations. Only 2 of the 27 organochlorine insecticides and metabolites and total PCBs analyzed in bed sediment were detected. Given that 12 of the compounds were detected in fish-tissue samples, fish appeared to be more sensitive indicators of contamination than bed sediment.Concentrations of some trace elements in fish and bed sediment were higher at sites in mineralized areas than at other sites. Concentrations of selenium in fish tissue from some sites were above background levels. Concentrations of arsenic, chromium, copper, and lead in some of the bed-sediment samples potentially exceeded criteria for the protection of aquatic life.

Mass spectra of heavy ions near comet Halley

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Korth, A.; Richter, A. K.; Loidl, A.; Anderson, K. A.; Carlson, C. W.; Curtis, D. W.; Lin, R. P.; Reme, H.; Sauvaud, J. A.; D'Uston, C.; Cotin, F.; Cros, A.; Mendis, D. A.

1986-05-01

The heavy-ion analyser aboard the Giotto spacecraft, detected the first cometary ions at a distance of ≡1.05x106km from the nucleus of comet Halley. In the inner coma the major ions identified are associated with the H2O, CO and CO2 groups. Ions of larger atomic mass unit are also present, corresponding possibly to various hydrocarbons, heavy metals of the iron-group or to sulphur compounds.

Mass spectra of heavy ions near comet Halley

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Korth, A.; Richter, A. K.; Loidl, A.; Anderson, K. A.; Carlson, C. W.

1986-01-01

The heavy-ion analyzer, RPA2-PICCA, aboard the Giotto spacecraft, detected the first cometary ions at a distance of about 1.05 million km from the nucleus of comet Halley. In the inner coma the major ions identified are associated with the H2O, CO and CO2 groups. Ions of larger atomic mass unit are also present, corresponding possibly to various hydrocarbons, heavy metals of the iron-group or to sulphur compounds.

Application of α- and β-naphthoflavones as monooxygenase inhibitors of Absidia coerulea KCh 93, Syncephalastrum racemosum KCh 105 and Chaetomium sp. KCh 6651 in transformation of 17α-methyltestosterone.

PubMed

Janeczko, Tomasz; Popłoński, Jarosław; Kozłowska, Ewa; Dymarska, Monika; Huszcza, Ewa; Kostrzewa-Susłow, Edyta

2018-08-01

In this work, 17α-methyltestosterone was effectively hydroxylated by Absidia coerulea KCh 93, Syncephalastrum racemosum KCh 105 and Chaetomium sp. KCh 6651. A. coerulea KCh 93 afforded 6β-, 12β-, 7α-, 11α-, 15α-hydroxy derivatives with 44%, 29%, 6%, 5% and 9% yields, respectively. S. racemosum KCh 105 afforded 7α-, 15α- and 11α-hydroxy derivatives with yields of 45%, 19% and 17%, respectively. Chaetomium sp. KCh 6651 afforded 15α-, 11α-, 7α-, 6β-, 9α-, 14α-hydroxy and 6β,14α-dihydroxy derivatives with yields of 31%, 20%, 16%, 7%, 5%, 7% and 4%, respectively. 14α-Hydroxy and 6β,14α-dihydroxy derivatives were determined as new compounds. Effect of various sources of nitrogen and carbon in the media on biotransformations were tested, however did not affect the degree of substrate conversion or the composition of the products formed. The addition of α- or β-naphthoflavones inhibited 17α-methyltestosterone hydroxylation but did not change the percentage composition of the resulting products. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Methylobacterium gossipiicola sp. nov., a pink-pigmented, facultatively methylotrophic bacterium isolated from the cotton phyllosphere.

PubMed

Madhaiyan, Munusamy; Poonguzhali, Selvaraj; Senthilkumar, Murugaiyan; Lee, Jung-Sook; Lee, Keun-Chul

2012-01-01

A pink, aerobic, facultatively methylotrophic, motile, Gram-negative rod, designated Gh-105(T), was isolated from the phyllosphere of cotton from Coimbatore (Tamilnadu, India). 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed clearly that the isolate belonged to the Methylobacterium cluster. Strain Gh-105(T) was most closely related to Methylobacterium adhaesivum AR27(T) (99% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Methylobacterium iners 5317S-33(T) (97.5%). The isolate grew with C(1) compounds such as methanol and dichloromethane, but not with formaldehyde, formate, methylamine, trimethylamine or methane, as sole carbon sources and carried mxaF, which encodes methanol dehydrogenase and supports methylotrophic metabolism. The major fatty acid was C(18:1)ω7c and the G+C content of the genomic DNA was 64.2 mol%. Physiological and biochemical data and DNA-DNA relatedness with M. adhaesivum KACC 12195(T) and M. iners KACC 11765(T) revealed clear phenotypic and genotypic differences. For this reason, we propose that strain Gh-105(T) (=CCM 7572(T) =NRRL B-51692(T)) represents the type strain of a novel species, with the name Methylobacterium gossipiicola sp. nov.

Lattice thermal expansion for normal tetrahedral compound semiconductors

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Omar, M.S.

2007-02-15

The cubic root of the deviation of the lattice thermal expansion from that of the expected value of diamond for group IV semiconductors, binary compounds of III-V and II-VI, as well as several ternary compounds from groups I-III-VI{sub 2}, II-IV-V{sub 2} and I-IV{sub 2}V{sub 3} semiconductors versus their bonding length are given straight lines. Their slopes were found to be 0.0256, 0.0210, 0.0170, 0.0259, 0.0196, and 0.02840 for the groups above, respectively. Depending on the valence electrons of the elements forming these groups, a formula was found to correlate all the values of the slopes mentioned above to that ofmore » group IV. This new formula which depends on the melting point and the bonding length as well as the number of valence electrons for the elements forming the compounds, will gives best calculated values for lattice thermal expansion for all compounds forming the groups mentioned above. An empirical relation is also found between the mean ionicity of the compounds forming the groups and their slopes mentioned above and that gave the mean ionicity for the compound CuGe{sub 2}P{sub 3} in the range of 0.442.« less

Synthesis of Xenon and Iron-Nickel Intermetallic Compounds at Earth's Core Thermodynamic Conditions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stavrou, Elissaios; Yao, Yansun; Goncharov, Alexander F.; Lobanov, Sergey S.; Zaug, Joseph M.; Liu, Hanyu; Greenberg, Eran; Prakapenka, Vitali B.

2018-03-01

Using in situ synchrotron x-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy in concert with first principles calculations we demonstrate the synthesis of stable Xe (Fe ,Fe /Ni )3 and XeNi3 compounds at thermodynamic conditions representative of Earth's core. Surprisingly, in the case of both the Xe-Fe and Xe-Ni systems Fe and Ni become highly electronegative and can act as oxidants. The results indicate the changing chemical properties of elements under extreme conditions by documenting that electropositive at ambient pressure elements could gain electrons and form anions.

Mechanism of Prophylaxis by Silver Compounds against Infection of Burns

PubMed Central

Ricketts, C. R.; Lowbury, E. J. L.; Lawrence, J. C.; Hall, M.; Wilkins, M. D.

1970-01-01

To clarify tthe mechanism by which local application of silver compounds protects burns against infection, an ion-specific electrode was used to measùre the concentration of silver ions in solutions. By this method it was shown that in burn dressings silver ions were reduced to a very low level by precipitation as silver chloride. The antibacterial effect was found to depend on the availability of silver ions from solution in contact with precipitate. Between 10-5 and 10-6 molar silver nitrate solution in water was rapidly bactericidal. The minimal amount of silver nitrate causing inhibition of respiration of skin in tissue culture was about 25 times the minimal concentration of silver nitrate that inhibited growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PMID:4986877

L-Asparaginase Production by the Rumen Anaerobe Vibrio succinogenes

PubMed Central

Kafkewitz, David; Goodman, David

1974-01-01

The rumen anaerobe Vibrio succinogenes possesses a constitutive L-asparaginase. The amount of enzyme produced is affected by the compound supplied to the organism to generate the fumaric acid it requires as a terminal electron acceptor. When nitrate is provided as the terminal electron acceptor, the amount of enzyme produced is affected by the compound provided to satisfy the nutritional requirement of the organism for succinic acid. Specific activities of up to 8.4 IU/mg of protein in cell-free extracts have been obtained. This specific activity is higher than has been previously reported for any organism. The enzyme has an apparent Km of 1.7 × 10-5 M and low activity towards L-glutamine when assayed at pH 8.5. PMID:4855647

A literature survey of information on well installation and sample collection procedures used in investigations of ground-water contamination by organic compounds

USGS Publications Warehouse

Dumouchelle, D.H.; Lynch, E.A.; Cummings, T.R.

1990-01-01

A survey of literature on well installation and water-quality sampling, particularly as they relate to investigations of ground-water contamination by organic compounds, has been conducted. Library card files and computerized data bases were searched to identify journal articles, conference proceedings, technical reports, books, and other publications. Pertinent information has been extracted from 105 references; each reference is listed in a bibliography. Material contained in the report is organized by topical categories that include drilling methods and equipment, well construction, well development, sampling materials and equipment, decontamination of equipment, and sampling techniques and procedures. Unpublished data of the U.S. Geological Survey on sample collection are briefly cited also.

Determination of quaternary ammonium compounds in seawater samples by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.

PubMed

Bassarab, P; Williams, D; Dean, J R; Ludkin, E; Perry, J J

2011-02-04

A method for the simultaneous determination of two biocidal quaternary ammonium compounds; didecyldimethylammonium chloride (didecyldimethyl quat) and dodecylbenzyldimethylammonium chloride (benzyl quat), in seawater by solid phase extraction (SPE) followed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was developed. The optimised procedure utilised off-line extraction of the analytes from seawater using polymeric (Strata-X) SPE cartridges. Recoveries ranged from 80 to 105%, with detection limits at the low parts-per-trillion (ng/l) level for both analytes. To demonstrate sensitivity, environmental concentrations were measured at three different locations along the North East coast of England with measured values in the range 120-270ng/l. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Ent-7α-acetoxytrachyloban-18-oic acid and ent-7α-hydroxytrachyloban-18-oic acid from Xylopia langsdorfiana A. St-Hil. & Tul. modulate K(+) and Ca(2+) channels to reduce cytosolic calcium concentration on guinea pig ileum.

PubMed

Santos, Rosimeire F; Martins, Italo R R; Travassos, Rafael A; Tavares, Josean F; Silva, Marcelo S; Paredes-Gamero, Edgar J; Ferreira, Alice T; Nouailhetas, Viviane L A; Aboulafia, Jeannine; Rigoni, Vera L S; da Silva, Bagnólia A

2012-03-05

In this study we investigated the mechanism underlying the spasmolytic action of ent-7α-acetoxytrachyloban-18-oic acid (trachylobane-360) and ent-7α-hydroxytrachyloban-18-oic acid (trachylobane-318), diterpenes obtained from Xylopia langsdorfiana, on guinea pig ileum. Both compounds inhibited histamine-induced cumulative contractions (slope=3.5±0.9 and 4.4±0.7) that suggests a noncompetitive antagonism to histaminergic receptors. CaCl(2)-induced contractions were nonparallelly and concentration-dependently reduced by both diterpenes, indicating blockade of calcium influx through voltage-dependent calcium channels (Ca(v)). The Ca(v) participation was confirmed since both trachylobanes equipotently relaxed ileum pre-contracted with S-(-)-Bay K8644 (EC(50)=3.5±0.7×10-(5) and 1.1±0.2×10-(5)M) and KCl (EC(50)=5.5±0.3×10-(5) and 1.4±0.2×10-(5)M). K(+) channels participation was confirmed since diterpene-induced relaxation curves were significantly shifted to right in the presence of 5mM tetraethylammonium (TEA(+)) (EC(50)=0.5±0.04×10-(4) and 2.0±0.5×10-(5)M). ATP-sensitive K(+) channel (K(ATP)), voltage activated K(+) channels (K(V)), small conductance calcium-activated K(+) channels (SK(Ca)) or big conductance calcium-activated K(+) channels (BK(Ca)) did not seem to participate of trachylobane-360 spasmolytic action. However trachylobane-318 modulated positively K(ATP), K(V) and SK(Ca) (EC(50)=1.1±0.3×10-(5), 0.7±0.2×10-(5) and 0.7±0.2×10-(5)M), but not BK(Ca). A fluorescence analysis technique confirmed the decrease of cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](c)) induced by both trachylobanes in ileal myocytes. In conclusion, trachylobane-360 and trachylobane-318 induced spasmolytic activity by K(+) channel positive modulation and Ca(2+) channel blockade, which results in [Ca(2+)](c) reduction at cellular level leading to smooth muscle relaxation. Copyright © 2011. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Mutagenicity of burnt gun propellants

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Felton, J.S.; Lewis, P.; Knize, M.G.

1989-08-02

The use of the Ames/Salmonella assay as a workplace monitoring method is a long-standing practice at LLNL. This practice has led to the discovery of very mutagenic soot in and around a 4 inch test gun. To the authors' knowledge this is the first finding of mutagenic components in the residue from gun propellants, although there have been numerous reports of mutagenic compounds associated with high explosives -- compounds of entirely different chemical composition (Won et al., 1976). In addition, Ase et al., 1985, analyzed the propellant combustion products of both a M16 rifle and a 105 mm caliber gunmore » with HPLC and GC/MS methods, and found a number of PAHs with known toxicological effects. No biological analysis was done on the residues. Further investigation in our laboratory found that direct acting mutagens where produced upon open burning of the propellants. Small gauge firearms when tested also showed mutagenic residue. Preliminary efforts to identify the mutagenic components estimate that 2-3 compounds are responsible for the biological activity. The identity of these compounds is under investigation. 8 refs., 4 tabs.« less

Observation of magnetization reversal behavior in Sm0.9Gd0.1Cr0.85Mn0.15O3 orthochromites

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Panwar, Neeraj; Joby, Jostin P.; Kumar, Surendra; Coondoo, Indrani; Vasundhara, M.; Kumar, Nitu; Palai, Ratnakar; Singhal, Rahul; Katiyar, Ram S.

2018-05-01

Impact of co-doping (Gd and Mn) on the magnetic properties has been systematically investigated in SmCrO3 compound. For the synthesized compound Sm0.9Gd0.1Cr0.85Mn0.15O3 (SGCMO), below the Neel transition temperature and under low applied magnetic field, temperature induced magnetization reversal at 105 K (crossover temperature) was noticed in the field cooled magnetization curve. Magnetization reversal attained maximum value of -1.03 emu/g at 17 K where spin reorientation occurred. The magnetization reversal disappeared under higher applied field. From the M-H plots an enhancement in the magnetization was observed due to Gd doping. Magnetocaloric effect at low temperatures measured through the magnetic entropy change was found sixteen times higher for this compound as compared to pristine SmCrO3 and twice to that of SmCr0.85Mn0.15O3 compound. The study reveals the importance of co-doping in tailoring the magnetic properties of rare-earth chromites.

Dietary N-nitroso compounds, endogenous nitrosation, and the risk of esophageal and gastric cancer subtypes in the Netherlands Cohort Study.

PubMed

Keszei, András P; Goldbohm, R Alexandra; Schouten, Leo J; Jakszyn, Paula; van den Brandt, Piet A

2013-01-01

Dietary N-nitroso compounds and endogenous nitrosation are important carcinogenic factors, but human evidence of their role is scarce for esophageal cancer and inconsistent for gastric cancer. We studied the relation between risks of esophageal and gastric cancer subtypes and dietary intake of N-nitrosodimethylamine, heme iron, nitrite, and nitrate in the Netherlands Cohort Study. A total of 120,852 men and women aged 55-69 y were recruited in 1986, and diet, based on a 150-item food-frequency questionnaire, and other risk factors were assessed. The cohort was followed for 16.3 y, and 110 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), 151 esophageal adenocarcinoma, 166 gastric cardia adenocarcinoma, and 497 gastric noncardia adenocarcinoma (GNCA) cases were analyzed along with 4032 subcohort members in a case-cohort analysis. Positive associations were observed between N-nitrosodimethylamine intake and ESCC risk (HR for 0.1-μg/d increase in intake: 1.15; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.25; P-trend = 0.01 based on tertiles of intake) and GNCA risk (1.06; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.10; P-trend = 0.09) in men. ESCC risk was associated with nitrite intake (HR for 0.1-mg/d increase: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.36; P-trend = 0.06) and heme-iron intake (HR for 1-mg/d increase: 1.83; 95% CI: 0.98, 3.39; P-trend = 0.03). Among women, exposure levels were lower, and we found no convincing positive associations. These results suggest that N-nitroso compounds may influence the risk of ESCC in men, but there are no clear associations for other esophageal and gastric subtypes.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zhou, Chen; Pinkerton, Frederick E.; Herbst, Jan F.

New magnetic materials containing cerium, iron, and small additions of a third element are disclosed. These materials comprise compounds Ce(Fe.sub.12-xM.sub.x) where x=1-4, having the ThMn.sub.12 tetragonal crystal structure (space group I4/mmm, #139). Compounds with M=B, Al, Si, P, S, Sc, Co, Ni, Zn, Ga, Ge, Zr, Nb, Hf, Ta, and W are identified theoretically, and one class of compounds based on M=Si has been synthesized. The Si cognates are characterized by large magnetic moments (4.pi.M.sub.s greater than 1.27 Tesla) and high Curie temperatures (264.ltoreq.T.sub.c.ltoreq.305.degree. C.). The Ce(Fe.sub.12-xM.sub.x) compound may contain one or more of Ti, V, Cr, and Mo inmore » combination with an M element. Further enhancement in T.sub.c is obtained by nitriding the Ce compounds through heat treatment in N.sub.2 gas while retaining the ThMn.sub.12 tetragonal crystal structure; for example CeFe.sub.10Si.sub.2N.sub.1.29 has T.sub.c=426.degree. C.« less

Nearly ferromagnetic Fermi-liquid behaviour in YFe2Zn20 and high-temperature ferromagnetism of GdFe2Zn20

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jia, S.; Bud'Ko, S. L.; Samolyuk, G. D.; Canfield, P. C.

2007-05-01

One of the historic goals of alchemy was to turn base elements into precious ones. Although the practice of alchemy has been superseded by chemistry and solid-state physics, the desire to dramatically change or tune the properties of a compound, preferably through small changes in stoichiometry or composition, remains. This desire becomes even more compelling for compounds that can be tuned to extremes in behaviour. Here, we report that the RT2Zn20 (R=rare earth and T=transition metal) family of compounds manifests exactly this type of versatility, even though they are more than 85% Zn. By tuning T, we find that YFe2Zn20 is closer to ferromagnetism than elemental Pd, the classic example of a nearly ferromagnetic Fermi liquid. By submerging Gd in this highly polarizable Fermi liquid, we tune the system to a remarkably high-temperature ferromagnetic (TC=86K) state for a compound with less than 5% Gd. Although this is not quite turning lead into gold, it is essentially tuning Zn to become a variety of model compounds.

Bitumoids in the crystalline rocks of the Kola superdeep drillhole

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Belokon, V.G.

1987-04-01

The genetic regularities in the distribution of organic fuels of various elemental compositions and molecular structures and their relationship to the processes of formation of regional structures present some of the most pressing and complicated problems of modern fossil-fuel geology. Regardless of the difference in molecular structure of the final products of these reactions and the phase state in nature (gases, petroleums, bitumens, lignite, bituminous coal or anthracite), fossil fuels manifest the property of carbon and hydrogen to yield a vast number of compounds with different extents of ordering of the structure, from simple linear compounds (methane and its homologs)more » to cyclic compounds of the graphite series. Karavayev worked out a classification diagram for solid fuels, based on calculation of the variation in the elemental composition of the organic matter. The ratio of hydrogen to carbon atoms, as a reflection of the extent of aromatization of the structure, is taken as a classification criterion. In investigating the earth's crust in the Baltic shield, the Kola superdeep drillhole found organic matter in the form of bitumoids, in the extractable part of which a broad spectrum of compounds was identified. Bitumoids are similar to humites in molecular structure, only somewhat more ordered. This paper applies Karavayev's principle to this type of compound. It was found that the elemental compositions of the organic matter from basement depths down to 10 km show patterns analogous to those from sedimentary basins. 9 references.« less

Process and apparatus for generating elemental sulfur and re-usable metal oxide from spent metal sulfide sorbents

DOEpatents

Ayala, Raul E.; Gal, Eli

1995-01-01

A process and apparatus for generating elemental sulfur and re-usable metal oxide from spent metal-sulfur compound. Spent metal-sulfur compound is regenerated to re-usable metal oxide by moving a bed of spent metal-sulfur compound progressively through a single regeneration vessel having a first and second regeneration stage and a third cooling and purging stage. The regeneration is carried out and elemental sulfur is generated in the first stage by introducing a first gas of sulfur dioxide which contains oxygen at a concentration less than the stoichiometric amount required for complete oxidation of the spent metal-sulfur compound. A second gas containing sulfur dioxide and excess oxygen at a concentration sufficient for complete oxidation of the partially spent metal-sulfur compound, is introduced into the second regeneration stage. Gaseous sulfur formed in the first regeneration stage is removed prior to introducing the second gas into the second regeneration stage. An oxygen-containing gas is introduced into the third cooling and purging stage. Except for the gaseous sulfur removed from the first stage, the combined gases derived from the regeneration stages which are generally rich in sulfur dioxide and lean in oxygen, are removed from the regenerator as an off-gas and recycled as the first and second gas into the regenerator. Oxygen concentration is controlled by adding air, oxygen-enriched air or pure oxygen to the recycled off-gas.

Finite element analysis and simulation of rheological properties of bulk molding compound (BMC)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ergin, M. Fatih; Aydin, Ismail

2013-12-01

Bulk molding compound (BMC) is one of the important composite materials with various engineering applications. BMC is a thermoset plastic resin blend of various inert fillers, fiber reinforcements, catalysts, stabilizers and pigments that form a viscous, molding compound. Depending on the end-use application, bulk molding compounds are formulated to achieve close dimensional control, flame and scratch resistance, electrical insulation, corrosion and stain resistance, superior mechanical properties, low shrink and color stability. Its excellent flow characteristics, dielectric properties, and flame resistance make this thermoset material well-suited to a wide variety of applications requiring precision in detail and dimensions as well as high performance. When a BMC is used for these purposes, the rheological behavior and properties of the BMC is the main concern. In this paper, finite element analysis of rheological properties of bulk molding composite material was studied. For this purpose, standard samples of composite material were obtained by means of uniaxial hot pressing. 3 point flexural tests were then carried out by using a universal testing machine. Finite element analyses were then performed with defined material properties within a specific constitutive material behavior. Experimental and numerical results were then compared. Good correlation between the numerical simulation and the experimental results was obtained. It was expected with this study that effects of various process parameters and boundary conditions on the rheological behavior of bulk molding compounds could be determined by means of numerical analysis without detailed experimental work.

Alchemical and structural distribution based representation for universal quantum machine learning

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Faber, Felix A.; Christensen, Anders S.; Huang, Bing; von Lilienfeld, O. Anatole

2018-06-01

We introduce a representation of any atom in any chemical environment for the automatized generation of universal kernel ridge regression-based quantum machine learning (QML) models of electronic properties, trained throughout chemical compound space. The representation is based on Gaussian distribution functions, scaled by power laws and explicitly accounting for structural as well as elemental degrees of freedom. The elemental components help us to lower the QML model's learning curve, and, through interpolation across the periodic table, even enable "alchemical extrapolation" to covalent bonding between elements not part of training. This point is demonstrated for the prediction of covalent binding in single, double, and triple bonds among main-group elements as well as for atomization energies in organic molecules. We present numerical evidence that resulting QML energy models, after training on a few thousand random training instances, reach chemical accuracy for out-of-sample compounds. Compound datasets studied include thousands of structurally and compositionally diverse organic molecules, non-covalently bonded protein side-chains, (H2O)40-clusters, and crystalline solids. Learning curves for QML models also indicate competitive predictive power for various other electronic ground state properties of organic molecules, calculated with hybrid density functional theory, including polarizability, heat-capacity, HOMO-LUMO eigenvalues and gap, zero point vibrational energy, dipole moment, and highest vibrational fundamental frequency.

Chlorinated, brominated, and perfluorinated compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and trace elements in livers of sea otters from California, Washington, and Alaska (USA), and Kamchatka (Russia)

USGS Publications Warehouse

Kannan, K.; Moon, H.-B.; Yun, S.-H.; Agusa, T.; Thomas, N.J.; Tanabe, S.

2008-01-01

Concentrations of organochlorine pesticides (DDTs, HCHs, and chlordanes), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), and 20 trace elements were determined in livers of 3- to 5-year old stranded sea otters collected from the coastal waters of California, Washington, and Alaska (USA) and from Kamchatka (Russia). Concentrations of organochlorine pesticides, PCBs, and PBDEs were high in sea otters collected from the California coast. Concentrations of DDTs were 10-fold higher in California sea otters than in otters from other locations; PCB concentrations were 5-fold higher, and PBDE concentrations were 2-fold higher, in California sea otters than in otters from other locations. Concentrations of PAHs were higher in sea otters from Prince William Sound than in sea otters from other locations. Concentrations of several trace elements were elevated in sea otters collected from California and Prince William Sound. Elevated concentrations of Mn and Zn in sea otters from California and Prince William Sound were indicative of oxidative stress-related injuries in these two populations. Concentrations of all of the target compounds, including trace elements, that were analyzed in sea otters from Kamchatka were lower than those found from the US coastal locations. ?? The Royal Society of Chemistry.

Construction of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene Biosensors with Novel Sensing Elements from Escherichia coli K-12 MG1655.

PubMed

Tan, Junjie; Kan, Naipeng; Wang, Wei; Ling, Jingyi; Qu, Guolong; Jin, Jing; Shao, Yu; Liu, Gang; Chen, Huipeng

2015-06-01

Detection of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) has been extensively studied since it is a common explosive filling for landmines, posing significant threats to the environment and human safety. The rapid advances in synthetic biology give new hope to detect such toxic and hazardous compounds in a more sensitive and safe way. Biosensor construction anticipates finding sensing elements able to detect TNT. As TNT can induce some physiological responses in E. coli, it may be useful to define the sensing elements from E. coli to detect TNT. An E. coli MG1655 genomic promoter library containing nearly 5,400 elements was constructed. Five elements, yadG, yqgC, aspC, recE, and topA, displayed high sensing specificity to TNT and its indicator compounds 1,3-DNB and 2,4-DNT. Based on this, a whole cell biosensor was constructed using E. coli, in which green fluorescent protein was positioned downstream of the five sensing elements via genetic fusion. The threshold value, detection time, EC200 value, and other aspects of five sensing elements were determined and the minimum responding concentration to TNT was 4.75 mg/L. According to the synthetic biology, the five sensing elements enriched the reservoir of TNT-sensing elements, and provided a more applicable toolkit to be applied in genetic routes and live systems of biosensors in future.

Changes in element accumulation, phenolic metabolism, and antioxidative enzyme activities in the red-skin roots of Panax ginseng.

PubMed

Zhou, Ying; Yang, Zhenming; Gao, Lingling; Liu, Wen; Liu, Rongkun; Zhao, Junting; You, Jiangfeng

2017-07-01

Red-skin root disease has seriously decreased the quality and production of Panax ginseng (ginseng). To explore the disease's origin, comparative analysis was performed in different parts of the plant, particularly the epidermis, cortex, and/or fibrous roots of 5-yr-old healthy and diseased red-skin ginseng. The inorganic element composition, phenolic compound concentration, reactive oxidation system, antioxidant concentrations such as ascorbate and glutathione, activities of enzymes related to phenolic metabolism and oxidation, and antioxidative system particularly the ascorbate-glutathione cycle were examined using conventional methods. Aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), magnesium, and phosphorus were increased, whereas manganese was unchanged and calcium was decreased in the epidermis and fibrous root of red-skin ginseng, which also contained higher levels of phenolic compounds, higher activities of the phenolic compound-synthesizing enzyme phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and the phenolic compound oxidation-related enzymes guaiacol peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase. As the substrate of guaiacol peroxidase, higher levels of H 2 O 2 and correspondingly higher activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase were found in red-skin ginseng. Increased levels of ascorbate and glutathione; increased activities of l-galactose 1-dehydrogenase, ascorbate peroxidase, ascorbic acid oxidase, and glutathione reductase; and lower activities of dehydroascorbate reductase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, and glutathione peroxidase were found in red-skin ginseng. Glutathione- S -transferase activity remained constant. Hence, higher element accumulation, particularly Al and Fe, activated multiple enzymes related to accumulation of phenolic compounds and their oxidation. This might contribute to red-skin symptoms in ginseng. It is proposed that antioxidant and antioxidative enzymes, especially those involved in ascorbate-glutathione cycles, are activated to protect against phenolic compound oxidation.

Metal-Element Compounds of Titanium, Zirconium, and Hafnium as Pyrotechnic Fuels

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-05-04

including ceramic materials in this role has been far less common. Following the development of boron carbide-based pyrotechnics in our laboratories, we...ameliorate these problems. Commercially available group 4 compounds containing hydrogen, boron , carbon, nitrogen, silicon, and phosphorus were obtained for...predicted behavior suggests that these compounds may be useful for a variety of pyrotechnic applications. 1. INTRODUCTION The recent use of boron

Improved Single-Source Precursors for Solar-Cell Absorbers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Banger, Kulbinder K.; Harris, Jerry; Hepp, Aloysius

2007-01-01

Improved single-source precursor compounds have been invented for use in spray chemical vapor deposition (spray CVD) of chalcopyrite semiconductor absorber layers of thin-film cells. A "single-source precursor compound" is a single molecular compound that contains all the required elements, which when used under the spray CVD conditions, thermally decomposes to form CuIn(x)Ga(1-x)S(y)Se(2-y).

Transcriptional regulation of human papillomavirus type 18 P105 promoter by the co-activator CBP.

PubMed

Valencia-Hernández, Armando; Cuevas-Bennett, Christian; Garrido, Efraín

2007-01-01

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are the etiological agents of cervical cancer, with HPV-16 and 18 being the representative types of the higher risk group. The expression of the viral genes with transforming activity (E6 and E7) is controlled by the upstream regulatory region (URR), a segment of the viral genome that contains elements recognized by several transcription factors. We have analyzed the participation of the cellular co-activator CBP on the transcriptional regulation of the HPV-18 URR. We generated mutants and 5' end deletion constructs derived from the HPV-18 URR and evaluated their transcriptional activity performing transient co-transfection assays on C-33A cells with a plasmid that over-expresses the co-activator CBP. We also performed quantitative chromatin immunoprecipitation assays to analyze the participation of the co-activator CBP on the HPV-18 P105 promoter. Our results demonstrate that in C-33A cells CBP acts as a strong activator of the HPV-18 P105 promoter by a mechanism that depends on the integrity of the SP1-binding site, directly correlating with the acetylation of the histone H3 that is involved in nucleosomal stability. We propose a mechanism of regulation of the HPV-18 P105 promoter by the cellular co-activator CBP, recruited by the transcription factor SP1. (c) 2008 S. Karger AG, Basel

Nanoengineering Testbed for Nanosolar Cell and Piezoelectric Compounds

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-02-29

element mesh. The third model was a 3D finite element mesh that included complete geometric representation of Berkovich tip. This model allows for a...height of the specimen. These simulations suggest the proper specimen size to approximate a body of semi-infinite extent for a given indentation depth...tip nanoindentation model was the third and final finite element mesh created for analysis and comparison. The material model and the finite element

Basics of Compounding: 3D Printing: Pharmacy Applications, Part 3: Compounding, Formulation Considerations, and the Future.

PubMed

Allen, Loyd V

2017-01-01

3D printing is a standard tool in the automotive, aerospace, and consumer goods in industry and is gaining traction in pharmaceutical manufacturing, which has introduced a new element into dosage form development. This article, which represents part 3 of a 3-part article on the topic of 3D printing, discusses the compounding, formulation considerations, and the future of 3D printing. Copyright© by International Journal of Pharmaceutical Compounding, Inc.

Production development of organic nonflammable spacecraft potting encapsulating and conformal coating compounds. Volume 2: Tables

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lieberman, S. L.

1974-01-01

Tables are presented which include: material properties; elemental analysis; silicone RTV formulations; polyester systems and processing; epoxy preblends and processing; urethane materials and processing; epoxy-urethanes elemental analysis; flammability test results, and vacuum effects.

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for quantitative spectrochemical analysis of geological materials: effects of the matrix and simultaneous determination.

PubMed

Anzano, Jesús M; Villoria, Mark A; Ruíz-Medina, Antonio; Lasheras, Roberto J

2006-08-11

A microscopic laser-induced breakdown spectrometer was used to evaluate the analytical matrix effect commonly observed in the analysis of geological materials. Samples were analyzed in either the powder or pressed pellet forms. Calibration curves of a number of iron and aluminum compounds showed a linear relationship between the elemental concentration and peak intensity. A direct determination of elemental content can thus be made from extrapolation on these calibration curves. To investigate matrix effects, synthetic model samples were prepared from various iron and aluminum compounds spiked with SiO2 and CaCO3. The addition of these matrices had a pronounced analytical effect on those compounds prepared as pressed pellets. However, results indicated the absence of matrix effects when the samples were presented to the laser as loose powders on tape and results were compared to certified values, indicating the reliability of this approach for accurate analysis, provided the sample particle diameters are greater than approximately 100 microm. Finally, the simultaneous analysis of two different elements was demonstrated using powders on tape.

The role of phosphorus in chemical evolution.

PubMed

Maciá, Enrique

2005-08-01

In this tutorial review we consider the role of phosphorus and its compounds within the context of chemical evolution in galaxies. Following an interdisciplinary approach we first discuss the position of P among the main biogenic elements by considering its relevance in most essential biochemical functions as well as its peculiar chemistry under different physicochemical conditions. Then we review the phosphorus distribution in different cosmic sites, such as terrestrial planets, interplanetary dust particles, cometary dust, planetary atmospheres and the interstellar medium (ISM). In this way we realize that this element is both scarce and ubiquitous in the universe. These features can be related to the complex nucleosynthesis of P nuclide in the cores of massive stars under explosive conditions favouring a wide distribution of this element through the ISM, where it would be ready to react with other available atoms. A general tendency towards more oxidized phosphorus compounds is clearly appreciated as chemical evolution proceeds from circumstellar and ISM materials to protoplanetary and planetary condensed matter phases. To conclude we discuss some possible routes allowing for the incorporation of phosphorus compounds of prebiotic interest during the earlier stages of solar system formation.

Chemistry of the superheavy elements.

PubMed

Schädel, Matthias

2015-03-13

The quest for superheavy elements (SHEs) is driven by the desire to find and explore one of the extreme limits of existence of matter. These elements exist solely due to their nuclear shell stabilization. All 15 presently 'known' SHEs (11 are officially 'discovered' and named) up to element 118 are short-lived and are man-made atom-at-a-time in heavy ion induced nuclear reactions. They are identical to the transactinide elements located in the seventh period of the periodic table beginning with rutherfordium (element 104), dubnium (element 105) and seaborgium (element 106) in groups 4, 5 and 6, respectively. Their chemical properties are often surprising and unexpected from simple extrapolations. After hassium (element 108), chemistry has now reached copernicium (element 112) and flerovium (element 114). For the later ones, the focus is on questions of their metallic or possibly noble gas-like character originating from interplay of most pronounced relativistic effects and electron-shell effects. SHEs provide unique opportunities to get insights into the influence of strong relativistic effects on the atomic electrons and to probe 'relativistically' influenced chemical properties and the architecture of the periodic table at its farthest reach. In addition, they establish a test bench to challenge the validity and predictive power of modern fully relativistic quantum chemical models. © 2015 The Author(s) Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved.

Comparison of Sampling Probe and Thermal Desorber in Hazardous Air Pollutants on Site (HAPSITE) Extended Range (ER) for Analysis of Toxic Organic (TO)-15 Compounds

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-03-01

641,000 671,667 1,4‐dioxane  88  2.20 101 154,000 160,000 137,000 150,333 105,000  119,000 113,000 112,333 Trichloroethylene   130  2.20 87 412,000...Bromodichloromethane 14-dioxane Trichloroethylene Heptane (Z)-13-Dichloro-1-propene Methyl Isobutyl Ketone (E)-13-Dichloro-1-propene 112

Archeological Survey of the New House Site, Harlem Plantation, Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-10-05

LA R C GOODWIN ET AL. UNCLAssIFIED 05 OCT 83 PD-Rt-83-06 DACW29-83 II 8977 F/6 5/6 N 1.0 , jj8 IM-ff9 1.05 1111_1 MICROCOP RESLUIO TEST CH2.2NIOL BRA...uniits is shown in Table 9. Red colored earthenware has a distinctive paste color, due to the presence o5f i1ron compounds in the clay. Red- ware

Determination of total phenolics, flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity of different mBHT fractions: A polyherbal medicine.

PubMed

Parthasarathi, Shanmugam; Park, Yong-Ki

2015-11-01

In this study, antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoids content of four different fractions from the traditional Korean polyherbal medicine of Modified Bo-yang-Hwan-o-Tang (mBHT) was determined using spectrophotometric methods. Antioxidant activity of fractions was expressed as percentage of DPPH radicals inhibition and IC₅₀ values (μg/ml). Values in percentage ranged from 48.35 to 77.43%. The reducing powers of all the extracts were comparable with that of positive control sample of Butylated hydroxyl tolune (BHT) and ascorbic acid which was found to be dose dependent. Total phenolic content ranged from 106.83 ± 0.002 to 188.661 ± 0.002 mg/g, expressed as gallic acid equivalents. The total flavonoid contents varied from 28.44 ± 0.001 to 105.25 ± 0.001 mg/g, expressed as quarcetin equivalents. Ethyl acetate fractions of mBHT showed the highest phenolic (188.66 mg GAE/g) and flavonoids (105.25 mg QAE/g) contents and strong antioxidant activity. Total phenolics and flavonoid content of all the mBHT fractions were found reasonably correlated with IC₅₀ of DPPH (R²=0.980 and 0.932, respectively). The high contents of phenolic compounds indicated that these compounds responsible for antioxidant activity. Therefore, ethyl acetate fractions of mBHT can be regarded as promising candidates for natural plant sources of antioxidants.

Soldering Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of Sn-1.0Ag-0.5Cu Solder with Minor Aluminum Addition

PubMed Central

Leong, Yee Mei; Haseeb, A.S.M.A.

2016-01-01

Driven by the trends towards miniaturization in lead free electronic products, researchers are putting immense efforts to improve the properties and reliabilities of Sn based solders. Recently, much interest has been shown on low silver (Ag) content solder SAC105 (Sn-1.0Ag-0.5Cu) because of economic reasons and improvement of impact resistance as compared to SAC305 (Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu. The present work investigates the effect of minor aluminum (Al) addition (0.1–0.5 wt.%) to SAC105 on the interfacial structure between solder and copper substrate during reflow. The addition of minor Al promoted formation of small, equiaxed Cu-Al particle, which are identified as Cu3Al2. Cu3Al2 resided at the near surface/edges of the solder and exhibited higher hardness and modulus. Results show that the minor addition of Al does not alter the morphology of the interfacial intermetallic compounds, but they substantially suppress the growth of the interfacial Cu6Sn5 intermetallic compound (IMC) after reflow. During isothermal aging, minor alloying Al has reduced the thickness of interfacial Cu6Sn5 IMC but has no significant effect on the thickness of Cu3Sn. It is suggested that of atoms of Al exert their influence by hindering the flow of reacting species at the interface. PMID:28773645

Soldering Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of Sn-1.0Ag-0.5Cu Solder with Minor Aluminum Addition.

PubMed

Leong, Yee Mei; Haseeb, A S M A

2016-06-28

Driven by the trends towards miniaturization in lead free electronic products, researchers are putting immense efforts to improve the properties and reliabilities of Sn based solders. Recently, much interest has been shown on low silver (Ag) content solder SAC105 (Sn-1.0Ag-0.5Cu) because of economic reasons and improvement of impact resistance as compared to SAC305 (Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu. The present work investigates the effect of minor aluminum (Al) addition (0.1-0.5 wt.%) to SAC105 on the interfacial structure between solder and copper substrate during reflow. The addition of minor Al promoted formation of small, equiaxed Cu-Al particle, which are identified as Cu₃Al₂. Cu₃Al₂ resided at the near surface/edges of the solder and exhibited higher hardness and modulus. Results show that the minor addition of Al does not alter the morphology of the interfacial intermetallic compounds, but they substantially suppress the growth of the interfacial Cu₆Sn₅ intermetallic compound (IMC) after reflow. During isothermal aging, minor alloying Al has reduced the thickness of interfacial Cu₆Sn₅ IMC but has no significant effect on the thickness of Cu₃Sn. It is suggested that of atoms of Al exert their influence by hindering the flow of reacting species at the interface.

The presence and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and inorganic elements in water and lakebed materials and the potential for bioconcentration in biota at established sampling sites on Lake Powell, Utah and Arizona

USGS Publications Warehouse

Schonauer, Kurt T.; Hart, Robert J.; Antweiler, Ronald C.

2014-01-01

The National Park Service is responsible for monitoring the effects of visitor use on the quality of water, lakebed material (bottom sediments), and biota, in Lake Powell, Utah and Arizona. A sampling program was begun in 2010 to assess the presence, distribution, and concentrations of organic and inorganic compounds in the water column and bottom sediment. In response to an Environmental Impact Statement regarding personal watercraft and as a continuation from previous studies by the U.S. Geological Survey and the National Park Service, Glen Canyon National Recreation Area, water samples were collected and analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using semipermeable membrane devices and inorganic elements using a fixed-bottle sampler deployed at established monitoring sites during 2010 and 2011. Lakebed material samples were also analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and inorganic elements, some of which could be harmful to aquatic biota if present at concentrations above established aquatic life criteria. Of the 44 PAH compounds analyzed, 26 individual compounds were detected above the censoring limit in the water column by semipermeable membrane devices. The highest number of compounds detected were at Lone Rock Beach, Wahweap Marina, Rainbow Bridge National Monument, and Antelope Marina which are all located in the southern part of Lake Powell where visitation and boat use is high. Because PAHs can remain near their source, the potential for bioconcentration is highest near these sites. The PAH compound found in the highest concentration was phenol (5,902 nanograms per liter), which is included in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s priority pollutants list. The dissolved inorganic chemistry of water samples measured at the sampling sites in Lake Powell defined three different patterns of elements: (1) concentrations were similar between sites in the upper part of the lake near Farley Canyon downstream to Halls Crossing Marina, a distance of about 36 lake miles, (2) concentrations varied depending on the element between Halls Crossing Marina downstream to the mouth of the Escalante River, a distance of about 33 lake miles, and (3) concentrations were similar between sites from below the mouth of the Escalante River to Glen Canyon Dam, a distance of about 68 lake miles. Analysis of lakebed bottom sediment material samples detected PAH compounds at all sampling sites except at Halls Crossing Marina, Stanton Creek, and Forgotten Canyon. Twenty-four of 44 PAHs analyzed in lakebed material were detected above the reporting limit. Perylene was the most prevalent compound detected above the reporting limit in lakebed material and was detected at three sampling sites. Concentrations of perylene ranged from an estimate of 24.0 to 47.9 micrograms per kilogram (μg/kg). Fluoranthene had the highest concentration of any PAH and was detected at the Wahweap Marina with a concentration of 565 μg/kg. The highest sum of concentrations for all compounds found in lakebed material samples at one site was at the Wahweap Marina, which had concentrations five times higher than the next highest site. The three major tributaries to Lake Powell—the Colorado, Escalante, and San Juan Rivers—all showed elevated concentrations of inorganic elements in their delta sediments for most elements relative to the majority of the sediment samples taken from the lake itself. However, there were four lake sites that had concentrations for most inorganic elements that equaled or exceeded those of the tributaries. Two of these sites were at the northeast part of the lake, nearest to the Colorado River as it enters Lake Powell (Farley Canyon and Blue Notch Canyon), one was at the Escalante River below 50-Mile Canyon, and other was at Antelope Marina.

Increasing low frequency sound attenuation using compounded single layer of sonic crystal

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gulia, Preeti; Gupta, Arpan

2018-05-01

Sonic crystals (SC) are man-made periodic structures where sound hard scatterers are arranged in a crystalline manner. SC reduces noise in a particular range of frequencies called as band gap. Sonic crystals have a promising application in noise shielding; however, the application is limited due to the size of structure. Particularly for low frequencies, the structure becomes quite bulky, restricting its practical application. This paper presents a compounded model of SC, which has the same overall area and filling fraction but with increased low frequency sound attenuation. Two cases have been considered, a three layer SC and a compounded single layer SC. Both models have been analyzed using finite element simulation and plane wave expansion method. Band gaps for periodic structures have been obtained using both methods which are in good agreement. Further, sound transmission loss has been evaluated using finite element method. The results demonstrate the use of compounded model of Sonic Crystal for low frequency sound attenuation.

Chemical studies of elements with Z ⩾ 104 in gas phase

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Türler, Andreas; Eichler, Robert; Yakushev, Alexander

2015-12-01

Chemical investigations of superheavy elements in the gas-phase, i.e. elements with Z ≥ 104, allow assessing the influence of relativistic effects on their chemical properties. Furthermore, for some superheavy elements and their compounds quite unique gas-phase chemical properties were predicted. The experimental verification of these properties yields supporting evidence for a firm assignment of the atomic number. Prominent examples are the high volatility observed for HsO4 or the very weak interaction of Cn with gold surfaces. The unique properties of HsO4 were exploited to discover the doubly-magic even-even nucleus 270Hs and the new isotope 271Hs. The combination of kinematic pre-separation and gas-phase chemistry allowed gaining access to a new class of relatively fragile compounds, the carbonyl complexes of elements Sg through Mt. A not yet resolved issue concerns the interaction of Fl with gold surfaces. While competing experiments agree on the fact that Fl is a volatile element, there are discrepancies concerning its adsorption on gold surfaces with respect to its daughter Cn. The elucidation of these and other questions amounts to the fascination that gas-phase chemical investigations exert on current research at the extreme limits of chemistry today.

Dioxin-like compounds and bone quality in Cree women of Eastern James Bay (Canada): a cross-sectional study

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Background Aboriginal populations living in Canada’s northern regions are exposed to a number of persistent organic pollutants through their traditional diet which includes substantial amounts of predator fish species. Exposure to dioxin-like compounds (DLCs) can cause a variety of toxic effects including adverse effects on bone tissue. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the relationship between plasma concentrations of DLCs and bone quality parameters in Cree women of Eastern James Bay (Canada). Methods Two hundred and forty-nine Cree women from seven communities in Eastern James Bay (Canada), aged 35 to 74 years old, participated in the study. In order to determine the total DLC concentration in plasma samples of participants, we measured the aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated transcriptional activity elicited by plasma sample extracts using a luciferase reporter gene assay. Plasma concentrations of mono-ortho-substituted dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs) 105, 118 and 156 were measured by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Bone quality parameters (speed of sound, m/s; broadband ultrasound attenuation, dB/MHz; stiffness index, %) were assessed by quantitative ultrasound at the right calcaneus with the Achilles InSight system. Several factors known to be associated with osteoporosis were documented by questionnaire. Multiple linear regression models were constructed for the three ultrasound parameters. Results DL-PCBs 105 and 118 concentrations, but not the global DLC concentration, were inversely associated with the stiffness index, even after adjusting for several confounding factors. The stiffness index (log) decreased by −0.22% (p=0.0414) and −0.04% (p=0.0483) with an increase of one μg/L in plasma concentrations of DL-PCB 105 and DL-PCB 118, respectively. Other factors, including age, height, smoking status, menopausal status and the percentage of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in erythrocyte membranes were negatively associated with one of the ultrasound parameters, while the percentage of omega-3 PUFAs in these membranes and levels of physical activity and education were positively associated with them. Conclusions Our results show that an increase in plasma concentrations of DL-PCBs 105 and 118 was negatively associated with stiffness index, a measure of bone quality/strength, in women of this population. In addition to environmental contaminants, future studies should also consider PUFA intake as a factor influencing bone quality. PMID:23816203

Installation Restoration Program. Preliminary Assessment: Records Search for the 119th Fighter Interceptor Group, North Dakota Air National Guard, Hector Field , Fargo, North Dakota.

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-10-01

3𔃿 I, UNLSSflD r/ H : . ,_ .m 0 1 -8 111 . ! m m’" , L . I-~*211111220 MICROCOP RESOLUTICN TEST CHART NATIONAL BUREAU 0I SANDARD ’l l 4 AtJLLW i V...include, but not be limited to, any element, substance, compound , or mixture, including disease- causing agents, which after release into the environment...under: (a) any substance designated pursuant to Section 311(b)(2)(A) of the Fed-- eral Water Pollution Control Act, (b) any element, compound , mixture

Synthesis of Xenon and Iron-Nickel Intermetallic Compounds at Earth’s Core Thermodynamic Conditions

DOE PAGES

Stavrou, Elissaios; Yao, Yansun; Goncharov, Alexander F.; ...

2018-02-28

In this study, using in situ synchrotron x-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy in concert with first principles calculations we demonstrate the synthesis of stable Xe(Fe ,Fe/Ni) 3 and XeNi 3 compounds at thermodynamic conditions representative of Earth’s core. Surprisingly, in the case of both the Xe-Fe and Xe-Ni systems Fe and Ni become highly electronegative and can act as oxidants. In conclusion, the results indicate the changing chemical properties of elements under extreme conditions by documenting that electropositive at ambient pressure elements could gain electrons and form anions.

Recovery of mercury from mercury compounds via electrolytic methods

DOEpatents

Grossman, Mark W.; George, William A.

1991-01-01

A process for electrolytically recovering mercury from mercury compounds is provided. In one embodiment, Hg is recovered from Hg.sub.2 Cl.sub.2 employing as the electrolyte solution a mixture of HCl and H.sub.2 O. In another embodiment, Hg is electrolytically recovered from HgO wherein the electrolyte solution is comprised of glacial acetic acid and H.sub.2 O. Also provided is an apparatus for producing isotopically enriched mercury compounds in a reactor and then transporting the dissolved compounds into an electrolytic cell where mercury ions are electrolytically reduced and elemental mercury recovered from the mercury compounds.

X-ray spectra and electron structure of A15 compounds of transition metals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kurmaev, E. Z.; Iarmoshenko, Iu. M.

1988-01-01

Results of an X-ray emission spectroscopy study of the electron structure of A15 compounds are reported. In particular, attention is given to the X-ray spectra of A15 compounds of the A3B type with transition and nontransition elements, effect of alloying on the formation of the electron structure of ternary phases, and effect of atomic ordering in the X-ray spectra of A15 compounds with changes in heat treament and concentration. The X-ray spectra of A15 compounds irradiated by fast neutrons are also examined.

Recovery of mercury from mercury compounds via electrolytic methods

DOEpatents

Grossman, Mark W.; George, William A.

1988-01-01

A process for electrolytically recovering mercury from mercury compounds is provided. In one embodiment, Hg is recovered from Hg.sub.2 Cl.sub.2 employing as the electrolyte solution a mixture of HCl and H.sub.2 O. In another embodiment, Hg is electrolytically recovered from HgO wherein the electrolyte solution is comprised of glacial acetic acid and H.sub.2 O. Also provided is an apparatus for producing isotopically enriched mercury compounds in a reactor and then transporting the dissolved compounds into an electrolytic cell where mercury ions are electrolytically reduced and elemental mercury recovered from the mercury compounds.

Recovery of mercury from mercury compounds via electrolytic methods

DOEpatents

Grossman, Mark W.; George, William A.

1989-01-01

A process for electrolytically recovering mercury from mercury compounds is provided. In one embodiment, Hg is recovered from Hg.sub.2 Cl.sub.2 employing as the electrolyte solution a mixture of HCl and H.sub.2 O. In another embodiment, Hg is electrolytically recovered from HgO wherein the electrolyte solution is comprised of glacial acetic acid and H.sub.2 O. Also provided is an apparatus for producing isotopically enriched mercury compounds in a reactor and then transporting the dissolved compounds into an electrolytic cell where mercury ions are electrolytically reduced and elemental mercury recovered from the mercury compounds.

Evaluation of medicinal plant extracts and isolated compound epicatechin from Ricinus communis against Paramphistomum cervi.

PubMed

Zahir, Abdul Abduz; Rahuman, Abdul Abdul; Bagavan, Asokan; Geetha, Kannappan; Kamaraj, Chinnaperumal; Elango, Gandhi

2012-10-01

The purpose of this study is to determine the efficacies of hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone, and methanol leaf extracts of Euphorbia hirta L., Psidium guajava L., Ricinus communis L., Solanum trilobatum L., and Tridax procumbens L. against sheep fluke Paramphistomum cervi (Digenea: Paramphistomatidae). All plant extracts showed moderate effects after 24 h of exposure; however, the highest parasite mortality was found in the methanol extract of R. communis. In the present study, bioassay-guided fractionation of methanol extract of R. communis led to the separation and identification of epicatechin as a potential new compound (LC(50) = 31.2; LC(90) = 105.0 ppm) against P. cervi. The structures were established from infrared, ultraviolet, (1)H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), (13)C-NMR, and mass spectral data which confirmed the identification of the compound epicatechin from R. communis. Results of this study showed that the methanol extract of R. communis may be considered as a potent source and epicatechin as a new natural parasitic agent.

New PLS analysis approach to wine volatile compounds characterization by near infrared spectroscopy (NIR).

PubMed

Genisheva, Z; Quintelas, C; Mesquita, D P; Ferreira, E C; Oliveira, J M; Amaral, A L

2018-04-25

This work aims to explore the potential of near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to quantify volatile compounds in Vinho Verde wines, commonly determined by gas chromatography. For this purpose, 105 Vinho Verde wine samples were analyzed using Fourier transform near infrared (FT-NIR) transmission spectroscopy in the range of 5435 cm -1 to 6357 cm -1 . Boxplot and principal components analysis (PCA) were performed for clusters identification and outliers removal. A partial least square (PLS) regression was then applied to develop the calibration models, by a new iterative approach. The predictive ability of the models was confirmed by an external validation procedure with an independent sample set. The obtained results could be considered as quite good with coefficients of determination (R 2 ) varying from 0.94 to 0.97. The current methodology, using NIR spectroscopy and chemometrics, can be seen as a promising rapid tool to determine volatile compounds in Vinho Verde wines. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Superconductivity in Cage Compounds LaTr2Al20 with Tr = Ti, V, Nb, and Ta

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yamada, Akira; Higashinaka, Ryuji; Matsuda, Tatsuma D.; Aoki, Yuji

2018-03-01

Electrical resistivity, magnetic susceptibility, and specific heat measurements on single crystals of LaTr2Al20 (Tr = Ti, V, Nb, and Ta) revealed that these four compounds exhibit weak-coupling superconductivity with transition temperatures Tc = 0.46, 0.15, 1.05, and 1.03 K, respectively. LaTi2Al20 is most probably a type-I superconductor, which is quite rare among intermetallic compounds. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction suggests "rattling" anharmonic large-amplitude oscillations of Al ions (16c site) on the Al16 cage, while no such feature is suggested for the cage-center La ion. Using a parameter dGFS quantifying the "guest free space" of the cage-center ion, we demonstrate that nonmagnetic RTr2Al20 superconductors are classified into two groups, i.e., (A) dGFS ≠ 0 and Tc correlates with dGFS, and (B) dGFS ≃ 0 and Tc seems to be governed by other factors.

Innovation in the pharmaceutical industry: New estimates of R&D costs.

PubMed

DiMasi, Joseph A; Grabowski, Henry G; Hansen, Ronald W

2016-05-01

The research and development costs of 106 randomly selected new drugs were obtained from a survey of 10 pharmaceutical firms. These data were used to estimate the average pre-tax cost of new drug and biologics development. The costs of compounds abandoned during testing were linked to the costs of compounds that obtained marketing approval. The estimated average out-of-pocket cost per approved new compound is $1395 million (2013 dollars). Capitalizing out-of-pocket costs to the point of marketing approval at a real discount rate of 10.5% yields a total pre-approval cost estimate of $2558 million (2013 dollars). When compared to the results of the previous study in this series, total capitalized costs were shown to have increased at an annual rate of 8.5% above general price inflation. Adding an estimate of post-approval R&D costs increases the cost estimate to $2870 million (2013 dollars). Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Learning by Sorting

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lovrencic, Michael; Vena, Laurie

2014-01-01

A kinesthetic technique for learning to recognize elements and compounds is presented in this article. The current common pedagogy appears to merge recognition and implementation into one naming method. A separate recognition skill is critical to students being able to correctly name and write the formulas of compounds. This article focuses on…

Selected trace-element and synthetic-organic compound data for streambed sediment from the Clark Fork-Pend Oreille and Spokane River basins, Montana, Idaho, and Washington, 1998

USGS Publications Warehouse

Beckwith, Michael A.

2002-01-01

Most of the analytical results for synthetic organic compounds were reported as either estimated or non-detected values. Phthalates and polycyclic aro­matic hydrocarbons were the most frequently detected classes of synthetic organic compounds in streambed sediment. Organochlorine pesticide residues were detected at two sites. Polychlorinated biphenyls were detected at one site.

Determination of element levels in human serum: Total reflection X-ray fluorescence applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Majewska, U.; Łyżwa, P.; Łyżwa, K.; Banaś, D.; Kubala-Kukuś, A.; Wudarczyk-Moćko, J.; Stabrawa, I.; Braziewicz, J.; Pajek, M.; Antczak, G.; Borkowska, B.; Góźdź, S.

2016-08-01

Deficiency or excess of elements could disrupt proper functioning of the human body and could lead to several disorders. Determination of their concentrations in different biological human fluids and tissues should become a routine practice in medical treatment. Therefore the knowledge about appropriate element concentrations in human organism is required. The purpose of this study was to determine the concentration of several elements (P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn, Se, Br, Rb, Pb) in human serum and to define the reference values of element concentration. Samples of serum were obtained from 105 normal presumably healthy volunteers (66 women aged between 15 and 78 years old; 39 men aged between 15 and 77 years old). Analysis has been done for the whole studied population and for subgroups by sex and age. It is probably first so a wide study of elemental composition of serum performed in the case of Świętokrzyskie region. Total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) method was used to perform the elemental analysis. Spectrometer S2 Picofox (Bruker AXS Microanalysis GmbH) was used to identify and measure elemental composition of serum samples. Finally, 1st and 3rd quartiles were accepted as minimum and maximum values of concentration reference range.

Characterization of the quality of water, bed sediment, and fish in Mittry Lake, Arizona, 2014–15

USGS Publications Warehouse

Hermosillo, Edyth; Coes, Alissa L.

2017-03-01

Water, bed-sediment, and fish sampling was conducted in Mittry Lake, Arizona, in 2014–15 to establish current water-quality conditions of the lake. The parameters of temperature, dissolved-oxygen concentration, specific conductance, and alkalinity were measured in the field. Water samples were collected and analyzed for dissolved major ions, dissolved trace elements, dissolved nutrients, dissolved organic carbon, dissolved pesticides, bacteria, and suspended-sediment concentrations. Bed-sediment and fish samples were analyzed for trace elements, halogenated compounds, total mercury, and methylmercury.U.S. Environmental Protection Agency secondary maximum contaminant levels in drinking water were exceeded for sulfate, chloride, and manganese in the water samples. Trace-element concentrations were relatively similar between the inlet, middle, and outlet locations. Concentrations for nutrients in all water samples were below the Arizona Department of Environmental Quality’s water-quality standards for aquatic and wildlife uses, and all bacteria levels were below the Arizona Department of Environmental Quality’s recommended recreational water-quality criteria. Three out of 81 pesticides were detected in the water samples.Trace-element concentrations in bed sediment were relatively consistent between the inlet, middle, and outlet locations. Lead, manganese, nickel, and zinc concentrations, however, decreased from the inlet to outlet locations. Concentrations for lead, nickel, and zinc in some bed-sediment samples exceeded consensus-based sediment-quality guidelines probable effect concentrations. Eleven out of 61 halogenated compounds were detected in bed sediment at the inlet location, whereas three were detected at the middle location, and five were detected at the outlet location. No methylmercury was detected in bed sediment. Total mercury was detected in bed sediment at concentrations below the consensus-based sediment-quality guidelines probable effect concentration.Sixteen trace elements were detected in at least one of the fish-tissue samples, and trace-element concentrations were relatively consistent between the three fish-tissue samples. Seven halogenated compounds were detected in at least one of the whole-body fish samples; four to five compounds were detected in each fish. One fish-tissue sample exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency human health consumption criteria for methylmercury.

Remediation using trace element humate surfactant

DOEpatents

Riddle, Catherine Lynn; Taylor, Steven Cheney; Bruhn, Debra Fox

2016-08-30

A method of remediation at a remediation site having one or more undesirable conditions in which one or more soil characteristics, preferably soil pH and/or elemental concentrations, are measured at a remediation site. A trace element humate surfactant composition is prepared comprising a humate solution, element solution and at least one surfactant. The prepared trace element humate surfactant composition is then dispensed onto the remediation site whereby the trace element humate surfactant composition will reduce the amount of undesirable compounds by promoting growth of native species activity. By promoting native species activity, remediation occurs quickly and environmental impact is minimal.

Discovery of a Superconducting Cu-Bi Intermetallic Compound by High-Pressure Synthesis

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Clarke, Samantha M.; Walsh, James P. S.; Amsler, Maximilian

A new intermetallic compound, the first to be structurally identified in the Cu-Bi binary system, is reported. This compound is accessed by high-pressure reaction of the elements. Its detailed characterization, physical property measurements, and ab initio calculations are described. The commensurate crystal structure of Cu 11Bi 7 is a unique variation of the NiAs structure type. Temperature-dependent electrical resistivity and heat capacity measurements reveal a bulk superconducting transition at T c=1.36 K. Density functional theory calculations further demonstrate that Cu 11Bi 7 can be stabilized (relative to decomposition into the elements) at high pressure and temperature. These results highlight themore » ability of high-pressure syntheses to allow for inroads into heretofore-undiscovered intermetallic systems for which no thermodynamically stable binaries are known.« less

Entropy-driven loss of gas-phase Group 5 species from GOLD/3-5 compound semiconductor systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pugh, J. H.; Williams, R. S.

1986-02-01

Temperature dependent chemical interactions between Au and nine 3-5 compound semiconductors (3=A1, Ga, In and V=P, As, Sb) have been calculated using bulk thermodynamic properties. Enthalpic considerations alone are insufficient to predict metal/compound-semiconductor reactivities. The entropy of vaporization of the group 5 elements is shown to be an extremely important driving force for chemical reactions involving the 3-5's, since it enables several endothermic reactions to occur spontaneously under certain temperature and pressure conditions. Plots of either Gibb's free energies of reaction or equilibrium vapor pressure of the group 5 element versus temperature are used to predict critical reaction temperatures for each of the systems studied. These plots agree extremely well with previous experimental observations of thin film reactions of Au on GaAs.

ChemStable: a web server for rule-embedded naïve Bayesian learning approach to predict compound stability.

PubMed

Liu, Zhihong; Zheng, Minghao; Yan, Xin; Gu, Qiong; Gasteiger, Johann; Tijhuis, Johan; Maas, Peter; Li, Jiabo; Xu, Jun

2014-09-01

Predicting compound chemical stability is important because unstable compounds can lead to either false positive or to false negative conclusions in bioassays. Experimental data (COMDECOM) measured from DMSO/H2O solutions stored at 50 °C for 105 days were used to predicted stability by applying rule-embedded naïve Bayesian learning, based upon atom center fragment (ACF) features. To build the naïve Bayesian classifier, we derived ACF features from 9,746 compounds in the COMDECOM dataset. By recursively applying naïve Bayesian learning from the data set, each ACF is assigned with an expected stable probability (p(s)) and an unstable probability (p(uns)). 13,340 ACFs, together with their p(s) and p(uns) data, were stored in a knowledge base for use by the Bayesian classifier. For a given compound, its ACFs were derived from its structure connection table with the same protocol used to drive ACFs from the training data. Then, the Bayesian classifier assigned p(s) and p(uns) values to the compound ACFs by a structural pattern recognition algorithm, which was implemented in-house. Compound instability is calculated, with Bayes' theorem, based upon the p(s) and p(uns) values of the compound ACFs. We were able to achieve performance with an AUC value of 84% and a tenfold cross validation accuracy of 76.5%. To reduce false negatives, a rule-based approach has been embedded in the classifier. The rule-based module allows the program to improve its predictivity by expanding its compound instability knowledge base, thus further reducing the possibility of false negatives. To our knowledge, this is the first in silico prediction service for the prediction of the stabilities of organic compounds.

A selective optical sensor for picric acid assay based on photopolymerization of 3-(N-methacryloyl) amino-9-ethylcarbazole.

PubMed

Hu, Yan-Jun; Tan, Shu-Zhen; Shen, Guo-Li; Yu, Ru-Qin

2006-06-16

A novel optical sensor based on covalent immobilization for picric acid assay has been described. To improve the stability of the sensor, a terminal double bond was attached to the fluorescent compound, 3-amino-9-ethylcarbazole (AEC), via methacryloyl chloride. The resultant compound, 3-(N-methacryloyl) amino-9-ethylcarbazole (MAEC) was copolymerized with 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate on surface-modified quartz glass plates by UV irradiation. The resulting optical sensor (optode membrane) was used to determine picric acid based on fluorescence quenching. It shows a linear response toward picric acid in the concentration range of 9.33 x 10(-8) to 9.33 x 10(-5) mol l(-1), with rapid response, high stability and good selectivity to picric acid.

The New Element Americium (Atomic Number 95)

DOE R&D Accomplishments Database

Seaborg, G.T.; James, R.A.; Morgan, L.O.

1948-01-01

Several isotopes of the new element 95 have been produced and their radiations characterized. The chemical properties of this tripositive element are similar to those of the typical tripositive lanthanide rare-earth elements. Element 95 is different from the latter in the degree and rate of formation of certain compounds of the complex ion type, which makes possible the separation of element 95 from the lanthanide rare-earths. The name americium (after the Americas) and the symbol Am are suggested for the element on the basis of its position as the sixth member of the actinide rare-earth series, analogous to europium, Eu, of the lanthanide series.

Novel multichannel surface plasmon resonance photonic crystal fiber biosensor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hameed, Mohamed Farhat O.; Alrayk, Yassmin K. A.; Shaalan, A. A.; El Deeb, Walid S.; Obayya, S. S. A.

2016-04-01

In this paper, a novel design of highly sensitive biosensor based on photonic crystal fiber is presented and analyzed using full vectorial finite element method. The suggested design depends on using silver layer as a plasmonic active material coated by a gold layer to protect silver oxidation. The reported sensor is based on the detection using the quasi transverse electric (TE) and quasi transverse magnetic (TM) modes which offers the possibility of multi-channel/multi-analyte sensing. The sensor geometrical parameters are optimized to achieve high sensitivity for the two polarized modes. High refractive index sensitivity of about 4750 nm/RIU (refractive index unit) and 4300 nm/RIU with corresponding resolutions of 2.1×10-5 RIU, and 2.33×10-5 RIU can be obtained for the quasi TM and quasi TE modes, respectively.

Quartz-enhanced photoacoustic detection of ethylene using a 10.5 μm quantum cascade laser.

PubMed

Wang, Zhen; Li, Zhili; Ren, Wei

2016-02-22

A quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS) sensor has been developed for the sensitive detection of ethylene (C2H4) at 10.5 µm using a continuous-wave distributed-feedback quantum cascade laser. At this long-wavelength infrared, the key acoustic elements of quartz tuning fork and micro-resonators were optimized to improve the detection signal-to-noise ratio by a factor of >4. The sensor calibration demonstrated an excellent linear response (R2>0.999) to C2H4 concentration at the selected operating pressure of 500 and 760 Torr. With a minimum detection limit of 50 parts per billion (ppb) achieved at an averaging time of 70 s, the sensor has been deployed for measuring the C2H4 efflux during the respiration of biological samples in an agronomic environment.

A Full Dynamic Compound Inverse Method for output-only element-level system identification and input estimation from earthquake response signals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pioldi, Fabio; Rizzi, Egidio

2016-08-01

This paper proposes a new output-only element-level system identification and input estimation technique, towards the simultaneous identification of modal parameters, input excitation time history and structural features at the element-level by adopting earthquake-induced structural response signals. The method, named Full Dynamic Compound Inverse Method (FDCIM), releases strong assumptions of earlier element-level techniques, by working with a two-stage iterative algorithm. Jointly, a Statistical Average technique, a modification process and a parameter projection strategy are adopted at each stage to achieve stronger convergence for the identified estimates. The proposed method works in a deterministic way and is completely developed in State-Space form. Further, it does not require continuous- to discrete-time transformations and does not depend on initialization conditions. Synthetic earthquake-induced response signals from different shear-type buildings are generated to validate the implemented procedure, also with noise-corrupted cases. The achieved results provide a necessary condition to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed identification method.

Simultaneous analysis of 18 mineral elements in Cyclocarya paliurus polysaccharide by ICP-AES.

PubMed

Xie, Jian-Hua; Shen, Ming-Yue; Nie, Shao-Ping; Liu, Xin; Yin, Jun-Yi; Huang, Dan-Fei; Zhang, Hui; Xie, Ming-Yong

2013-04-15

The contents of 18 kinds of mineral elements in Cyclocarya paliurus polysaccharide samples were determined by ICP-AES. The limits of detection (LOD) of the method for 18 elements were in the range of 0.01-3.80 mg/kg. The average recoveries obtained by the standard addition method were found between 94.34% and 105.69% (RSD, 1.01-4.23%). The results showed that C. paliurus polysaccharides were abundant in major and trace elements which are healthy for human body. The contents of Ca, Al, Mg, K, Fe, Mn and P were very high, ranging from 274.5±10.3 to 5980.0±102.7 mg/kg, while the contents of Zn, Na, Se, Cr, Pb, Cu and As ranged from 0.9±0.1 to 37.1±4.2 mg/kg. Finally, the levels of Ni, Cd, V and Co were not detected in the samples. ICP-AES is a simple, precise and efficient method for the determination of many mineral elements in polysaccharide samples simultaneously. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Urban contribution of pharmaceuticals and other organic wastewater contaminants to streams during differing flow conditions

USGS Publications Warehouse

Kolpin, D.W.; Skopec, M.; Meyer, M.T.; Furlong, E.T.; Zaugg, S.D.

2004-01-01

During 2001, 76 water samples were collected upstream and downstream of select towns and cities in Iowa during high-, normal- and low-flow conditions to determine the contribution of urban centers to concentrations of pharmaceuticals and other organic wastewater contaminants (OWCs) in streams under varying flow conditions. The towns ranged in population from approximately 2000 to 200 000. Overall, one or more OWCs were detected in 98.7% of the samples collected, with 62 of the 105 compounds being found. The most frequently detected compounds were metolachlor (pesticide), cholesterol (plant and animal sterol), caffeine (stimulant), β-sitosterol (plant sterol) and 1,7-dimethylxanthine (caffeine degradate). The number of OWCs detected decreased as streamflow increased from low- (51 compounds detected) to normal- (28) to high-flow (24) conditions. Antibiotics and other prescription drugs were only frequently detected during low-flow conditions. During low-flow conditions, 15 compounds (out of the 23) and ten compound groups (out of 11) detected in more than 10% of the streams sampled had significantly greater concentrations in samples collected downstream than in those collected upstream of the urban centers. Conversely, no significant differences in the concentrations were found during high-flow conditions. Thus, the urban contribution of OWCs to streams became progressively muted as streamflow increased.

Coumarins with α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities from the flower of Edgeworthia gardneri.

PubMed

Zhao, Deng-Gao; Zhou, Ai-Yu; Du, Zhiyun; Zhang, Yu; Zhang, Kun; Ma, Yan-Yan

2015-12-01

The flower of Edgeworthia gardneri is consumed in beverages in Tibet and has potential health benefits for diabetes. As a part of our continuous studies on dietary supplements for diabetes, two monomers, five dimers and one trimer of coumarins were isolated from the flowers of E. gardneri. One dimer was a new compound (1) and its structure was determined by spectroscopic methods, including multiple NMR techniques and mass spectrometry. The inhibitory activities of all coumarins against α-amylase and α-glucosidase were evaluated. Compound 4 displayed potent inhibitory effect on both α-amylase and α-glucosidase, with an IC50 of 90 and 86μg/mL, respectively. The IC50 of compound 3 against α-glucosidase was 18.7μg/mL, and its inhibition mode was noncompetitive. Based on the fluorescence analysis, the binding constant and the number of binding sites of compound 3 were calculated as 2.05×10(5) and 1.24, respectively. Furthermore, the interaction between compound 3 and α-glucosidase was a spontaneous process that was driven mainly by hydrophobic force. This study could facilitate the utilization of E gardneri as functional food ingredient. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Looking for inhibitors of the dengue virus NS5 RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase using a molecular docking approach

PubMed Central

Galiano, Vicente; Garcia-Valtanen, Pablo; Micol, Vicente; Encinar, José Antonio

2016-01-01

The dengue virus (DENV) nonstructural protein 5 (NS5) contains both an N-terminal methyltransferase domain and a C-terminal RNA-dependent RNA polymerase domain. Polymerase activity is responsible for viral RNA synthesis by a de novo initiation mechanism and represents an attractive target for antiviral therapy. The incidence of DENV has grown rapidly and it is now estimated that half of the human population is at risk of becoming infected with this virus. Despite this, there are no effective drugs to treat DENV infections. The present in silico study aimed at finding new inhibitors of the NS5 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of the four serotypes of DENV. We used a chemical library comprising 372,792 nonnucleotide compounds (around 325,319 natural compounds) to perform molecular docking experiments against a binding site of the RNA template tunnel of the virus polymerase. Compounds with high negative free energy variation (ΔG <−10.5 kcal/mol) were selected as putative inhibitors. Additional filters for favorable druggability and good absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity were applied. Finally, after the screening process was completed, we identified 39 compounds as lead DENV polymerase inhibitor candidates. Potentially, these compounds could act as efficient DENV polymerase inhibitors in vitro and in vivo. PMID:27784988

Complete Genome Sequence of a Yersinia enterocolitica “Old World” (3/O:9) Strain and Comparison with the “New World” (1B/O:8) Strain▿†

PubMed Central

Wang, Xin; Li, Yang; Jing, Huaiqi; Ren, Yan; Zhou, Zhemin; Wang, Shaojing; Kan, Biao; Xu, Jianguo; Wang, Lei

2011-01-01

Yersinia enterocolitica is a heterogeneous bacterial species with a wide range of animal reservoirs through which human intestinal illness can be facilitated. In contrast to the epidemiological pattern observed in the United States, infections in China present a pattern similar to those in European countries and Japan, wherein “Old World” strains (biotypes 2 to 5) are prevalent. To gain insights into the evolution of Y. enterocolitica and pathogenic properties toward human hosts, we sequenced the genome of a biotype 3 strain, 105.5R(r) (O:9), obtained from a Chinese patient. Comparative genome sequence analysis with strain 8081 (1B/O:8) revealed new insights into Y. enterocolitica. Both strains have more than 14% specific genes. In strain 105.5R(r), putative virulence factors were found in strain-specific genomic pathogenicity islands that comprised a novel type III secretion system and rtx-like genes. Many of the loci representing ancestral clusters, which are believed to contribute to enteric survival and pathogenesis, are present in strain 105.5R(r) but lost in strain 8081. Insertion elements in 105.5R(r) have a pattern distinct from those in strain 8081 and were exclusively located in a strain-specific region. In summary, our comparative genome analysis indicates that these two strains may have attained their pathogenicity by completely separate evolutionary events, and the 105.5R(r) strain, a representative of the Old World biogroup, lies in a branch of Y. enterocolitica that is distinct from the “New World” 8081 strain. PMID:21325549

Risk assessment of soils contaminated by mercury mining, Northern Spain.

PubMed

Ordóñez, A; Alvarez, R; Charlesworth, S; De Miguel, E; Loredo, J

2011-01-01

Analytical results of soil samples taken in three different mercury mining sites in Northern Spain are studied to assess the potential adverse health effects of the exposure to trace elements associated with the mining process. Doses contacted through ingestion and inhalation and the dose absorbed through the skin were calculated using USEPA's exposure parameters and the US Department of Energy's toxicity values. The results of the risk assessment indicate that the highest risk is associated with ingestion of soil particles and that the trace element of major concern is arsenic, the exposure to which results in a high cancer risk value for all the sites ranging from 3.3 × 10(-5) to 3.6 × 10(-3), well above the 1 × 10(-5) probability level deemed unacceptable by most regulatory agencies. Regarding non-cancer effects, exposure to polluted soils yields an aggregate hazard index above the threshold value of 1 for all three sites, with As and Hg as the main contributors. Risk assessment has proven to be a very useful tool to identify the contaminants and exposure pathways of most concern in the soils from metal mining sites, as well as to categorize them in terms of action priority to ensure fitness for use.

Preparation of Mo-Re-C samples containing Mo7Re13C with the β-Mn-type structure by solid state reaction of planetary-ball-milled powder mixtures of Mo, Re and C, and their crystal structures and superconductivity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Oh-ishi, Katsuyoshi; Nagumo, Kenta; Tateishi, Kazuya; Takafumi, Ohnishi; Yoshikane, Kenta; Sugiyama, Machiko; Oka, Kengo; Kobayashi, Ryota

2017-01-01

Mo-Re-C compounds containing Mo7Re13C with the β-Mn structure were synthesized with high-melting-temperature metals Mo, Re, and C powders using a conventional solid state method with a planetary ball milling machine instead of the arc melting method. Use of the ball milling machine was necessary to obtain Mo7Re13C with the β-Mn structure using the solid state method. Almost single-phase Mo7Re13C with a trace of impurity were obtained using the synthesis method. By XRF and lattice parameter measurements on the samples, Fe element existed in the compound synthesized using the planetary ball milling machine with a pot and balls made of steel, though Fe element was not detected in the compound synthesized using a pot and balls made of tungsten carbide. The former compound containg the Fe atom did not show superconductivity but the latter compound without the Fe atom showed superconductivity at 6.1 K.

The Compositional HJ-Biplot—A New Approach to Identifying the Links among Bioactive Compounds of Tomatoes

PubMed Central

Hernández Suárez, Marcos; Molina Pérez, Daniel; Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Elena M.; Díaz Romero, Carlos; Espinosa Borreguero, Francisco; Galindo-Villardón, Purificación

2016-01-01

Tomatoes have been described as a functional food because of their particular composition of different bioactive compounds. In this study, the proximate composition, minerals and trace elements, and antioxidant compounds were determined in two tomato cultivars (Mariana and Dunkan) that were grown in Gran Canaria (Spain) either conventionally or hydroponically. Although compositional data of this type require being subjected to the specific statistical techniques of compositional analysis, this approach has not usually been considered in this context. In the present case, a compositional Mann–Whitney U test of the data showed significant differences for each factor (cultivar and cultivation system) in several of the compositional variables studied. For the differences between cultivars, these parameters were the protein, Mg, lycopene, ascorbic acid, citric acid, and fumaric acid contents. For the differences between cultivation systems, they were mainly those of the mineral and trace elements group. Although one-year data are insufficient to make clear relationship among compounds because more repetitions in several localities and years are necessary, the compositional HJ-biplot (in which the links provide estimates of the linear relationship among variables) results agreed with other scientific results about linear relationship among some compounds analyzed. PMID:27827839

Aspects of a Distinct Cytotoxicity of Selenium Salts and Organic Selenides in Living Cells with Possible Implications for Drug Design.

PubMed

Estevam, Ethiene Castellucci; Witek, Karolina; Faulstich, Lisa; Nasim, Muhammad Jawad; Latacz, Gniewomir; Domínguez-Álvarez, Enrique; Kieć-Kononowicz, Katarzyna; Demasi, Marilene; Handzlik, Jadwiga; Jacob, Claus

2015-07-31

Selenium is traditionally considered as an antioxidant element and selenium compounds are often discussed in the context of chemoprevention and therapy. Recent studies, however, have revealed a rather more colorful and diverse biological action of selenium-based compounds, including the modulation of the intracellular redox homeostasis and an often selective interference with regulatory cellular pathways. Our basic activity and mode of action studies with simple selenium and tellurium salts in different strains of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae indicate that such compounds are sometimes not particularly toxic on their own, yet enhance the antibacterial potential of known antibiotics, possibly via the bioreductive formation of insoluble elemental deposits. Whilst the selenium and tellurium compounds tested do not necessarily act via the generation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), they seem to interfere with various cellular pathways, including a possible inhibition of the proteasome and hindrance of DNA repair. Here, organic selenides are considerably more active compared to simple salts. The interference of selenium (and tellurium) compounds with multiple targets could provide new avenues for the development of effective antibiotic and anticancer agents which may go well beyond the traditional notion of selenium as a simple antioxidant.

In vitro microbiological evaluation of novel bis pyrazolones.

PubMed

Narayana Rao, D V; Raghavendra Guru Prasad, A; Spoorthy, Y N; Raghunatha Rao, D; Ravindranath, L K

2014-03-01

Two series of bis pyrazolones (one with 3-methyl substituent and the other one with 3-amino substituent on the pyrazolone ring) were synthesized by the cyclization reaction between various hydrazides with esters/cyano esters in ethanolic medium. Structures of newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by elemental analysis, IR, (1)H NMR and mass spectral data. These compounds were screened for antibacterial and antifungal activities. The compounds of series 3 with amino substituent demonstrated better activity than the compounds of series 2 with methyl substituent on the pyrazolone ring. Compounds "e, f, c and d" showed higher antimicrobial activity than the compounds "b and a". The antimicrobial potentials of the synthesized compounds were compared with that of standards. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Stress Placement on Phrases and Compounds in English

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yurtbasi, Metin

2017-01-01

The three types of stresses namely "word stress," "compound stress" and "phrasal stress" are the key elements to determine the exact means of conveying a specific intent in an utterance. Therefore during perception and production of such meaning-carrying codes, being able to use the right stress pattern is vitally…

Ternary rare earth-lanthanide sulfides

DOEpatents

Takeshita, Takuo; Gschneidner JR., Karl A.; Beaudry, Bernard J.

1987-01-06

A new ternary rare earth sulfur compound having the formula: where M is a rare earth element selected from the group europium, samarium and ytterbium and x=0.15 to 0.8. The compound has good high-temperature thermoelectric properties and exhibits long-term structural stability up to 1000.degree. C.

Emergence of Intraverbal Responding Following Tact Instruction with Compound Stimuli

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Devine, Bailey; Carp, Charlotte L.; Hiett, Kiley A.; Petursdottir, Anna Ingeborg

2016-01-01

Effective intraverbal responding often requires control by multiple elements of a verbal stimulus. The purpose of this study was to examine the emergence of such intraverbal relations following tact instruction with compound stimuli and to analyze any resulting error patterns. Participants were seven typically developing children between 3 and…

Organic Compounds, Trace Elements, Suspended Sediment, and Field Characteristics at the Heads-of-Tide of the Raritan, Passaic, Hackensack, Rahway, and Elizabeth Rivers, New Jersey, 2000-03

USGS Publications Warehouse

Bonin, Jennifer L.; Wilson, Timothy P.

2006-01-01

Concentrations of suspended sediment, particulate and dissolved organic carbon, trace elements, and organic compounds were measured in samples from the heads-of-tide of the five tributaries to the Newark and Raritan Bays during June 2000 to June 2003. The samples were collected as part of the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Toxics Reduction Workplan/Contaminant Assessment Reduction Program. Samples of streamwater were collected at water-quality sampling stations constructed near U.S. Geological Survey gaging stations on the Raritan, Passaic, Hackensack, Rahway, and Elizabeth Rivers. Sampling was conducted during base-flow conditions and storms. Constituent concentrations were measured to determine the water quality and to calculate the load of sediment and contaminants contributed to the bays from upstream sources. Water samples were analyzed for suspended sediment, dissolved organic carbon, particulate organic carbon, and specific conductance. Samples of suspended sediment and water were analyzed for 98 distinct polychlorinated biphenyl congeners, 7 dioxins, 10 furans, 27 pesticides, 26 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and the trace elements cadmium, lead, mercury, and methyl-mercury. Measurements of ultra-low concentrations of organic compounds in sediment and water were obtained by collecting 1 to 3 grams of suspended sediment on glass fiber filters and by passing at least 20 liters of filtered water through XAD-2 resin. The extracted sediment and XAD-2 resin were analyzed for organic compounds by high- and low-resolution gas chromatography mass-spectrometry that uses isotope dilution procedures. Trace elements in filtered and unfiltered samples were analyzed for cadmium, lead, mercury, and methyl-mercury by inductively coupled charged plasma and mass-spectrometry. All constituent concentrations are raw data. Interpretation of the data will be completed in the second phase of the study.

Inhibition of basal and stimulated release of endothelin-1 from guinea pig tracheal epithelial cells in culture by beta 2-adrenoceptor agonists and cyclic AMP enhancers.

PubMed

Yang, Quan; Battistini, Bruno; Pelletier, Stéphane; Sirois, Pierre

2007-10-01

The effects of cyclic AMP-related compounds and beta adrenoceptor agonists on the basal and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated release of endothelin-1 (ET-1) from guinea-pig tracheal epithelial cells (GPTEpCs) in culture were studied. Forskolin (a potent activator of adenylyl cyclase), 8-bromo-cyclic AMP (a cyclic AMP analogue), salbutamol and salmeterol (two beta 2-adrenoceptor agonists), were used to increase cyclic AMP levels. Cultured GPTEpCs released ET-1 continuously over a 24 h incubation period. The values reached 1,938 +/- 122 pg/mg of total cell proteins after 24 h. LPS (10 microg/ml) significantly stimulated the release of ET-1 by 1.6- to 1.8-fold, up to 1,262 +/- 56 pg/mg total cell proteins after an 8 h incubation period. Compound 8-bromo-cyclic AMP (10(-5), 10(-4) and 10(-3) M) reduced the basal release of ET-1 from GPTEpCs by up to 31% (P < 0.01) and the LPS stimulated release by up to 42% (P < 0.05), after an 8 h incubation period. Forskolin (10(-6), 10(-5) and 10(-4) M) also inhibited the basal release of ET-1 by up to 28% (P < 0.05) and LPS-stimulated release of ET-1 by up to 50% (P < 0.05), after an 8 h incubation period. At the concentration of 10(-5) M, forskolin increased cyclic AMP levels in GPTEpCs by 17-fold (P < 0.001) in the medium, 15 min after the beginning of the incubation. Salbutamol (10(-8) to 10(-6) M) had no effect on the basal production and release of ET-1 after 8 h. Conversely, this short acting beta 2-adrenoceptor agonist significantly reduced LPS-mediated increase of ET-1 production by up to 55% (P < 0.05) after an 8 h incubation period. Salmeterol (10(-9) M to 10(-5) M) inhibited basal and LPS-stimulated production and release of ET-1 after an 8 h incubation period (between 44 and 51%, P < 0.01). Both salbutamol and salmeterol (10(-6) M) increase cyclic AMP levels by five- and twofold, respectively (P < 0.05). In summary, these observations indicate that beta 2-adrenoceptor agonists or cyclic AMP enhancers can modulate both basal and more markedly, the enhanced production of ET-1 from LPS-activated guinea pig airway EpCs. In addition, these compounds increase cyclic AMP levels in the cells. It is suggested that there is a correlation between cyclic AMP increase and inhibition of ET-1 release by guinea pig airway EpCs. Since ET-1 production was shown to be elevated in asthmatic subjects and in patients suffering from other inflammatory lung disorders, the inhibition of its production by beta adrenoceptor agonists, such as salbutamol and salmeterol, could be added to their therapeutical benefits.

Assessment of selected contaminants in streambed- and suspended-sediment samples collected in Bexar County, Texas, 2007-09

USGS Publications Warehouse

Wilson, Jennifer T.

2011-01-01

Elevated concentrations of sediment-associated contaminants are typically associated with urban areas such as San Antonio, Texas, in Bexar County, the seventh most populous city in the United States. This report describes an assessment of selected sediment-associated contaminants in samples collected in Bexar County from sites on the following streams: Medio Creek, Medina River, Elm Creek, Martinez Creek, Chupaderas Creek, Leon Creek, Salado Creek, and San Antonio River. During 2007-09, the U.S. Geological Survey periodically collected surficial streambed-sediment samples during base flow and suspended-sediment (large-volume suspended-sediment) samples from selected streams during stormwater runoff. All sediment samples were analyzed for major and trace elements and for organic compounds including halogenated organic compounds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Selected contaminants in streambed and suspended sediments in watersheds of the eight major streams in Bexar County were assessed by using a variety of methods—observations of occurrence and distribution, comparison to sediment-quality guidelines and data from previous studies, statistical analyses, and source indicators. Trace elements concentrations were low compared to the consensus-based sediment-quality guidelines threshold effect concentration (TEC) and probable effect concentration (PEC). Trace element concentrations were greater than the TEC in 28 percent of the samples and greater than the PEC in 1.5 percent of the samples. Chromium concentrations exceeded sediment-quality guidelines more frequently than concentrations of any other constituents analyzed in this study (greater than the TEC in 69 percent of samples and greater than the PEC in 8 percent of samples). Mean trace element concentrations generally are lower in Bexar County samples compared to concentrations in samples collected during previous studies in the Austin and Fort Worth, Texas, areas, but considering the relatively large ranges and standard deviations associated with the concentrations measured in all three areas, the trace element concentrations are similar. On the basis of Mann-Whitney U test results, the presence of a military installation in a watershed was associated with statistically significant higher chromium, mercury, and zinc concentrations in streambed sediments compared to concentrations of the same elements in a watershed without a military installation. Halogenated organic compounds analyzed in sediment samples included pesticides (chlordane, dieldrin, DDT, DDD, and DDE), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and brominated flame retardants. Three or more halogenated organic compounds were detected in each sediment sample, and 66 percent of all concentrations were less than the respective interim reporting levels. Halogenated organic compound concentrations were mostly low compared to consensus-based sediment quality guidelines-;TECs were exceeded in 11 percent of the analyses and PECs were exceeded in 1 percent of the analyses. Chlordane compounds were the most frequently detected halogenated organic compounds with one or more detections of chlordane compounds in every watershed; concentrations were greater than the TEC in 6 percent of the samples. Dieldrin was detected in 50 percent of all samples, however all concentrations were much less than the TEC. The DDT compounds (p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDD, and p,p'-DDE) were detected less frequently than some other halogenated organic compounds, however most detections exceeded the TECs. p,p'-DDT was detected in 13 percent of the samples (TEC exceeded in 67 percent); p,p'-DDD was detected in 19 percent of the samples (TEC exceeded in 78 percent); and p,p'-DDE was detected in 35 percent of the samples (TEC exceeded in 53 percent). p,p'-DDE concentrations in streambed-sediment samples correlate positively with population density and residential, commercial, and transportation land use. One or more PCB congeners were detected in

Natural products from the genus tephrosia.

PubMed

Chen, Yinning; Yan, Tao; Gao, Chenghai; Cao, Wenhao; Huang, Riming

2014-01-27

The genus Tephrosia, belonging to the Leguminosae family, is a large pantropical genus of more than 350 species, many of which have important traditional uses in agriculture. This review not only outlines the source, chemistry and biological evaluations of natural products from the genus Tephrosia worldwide that have appeared in literature from 1910 to December 2013, but also covers work related to proposed biosynthetic pathways and synthesis of some natural products from the genus Tephrosia, with 105 citations and 168 new compounds.

Site Evaluation Studies of the Massachusetts Bay Disposal Site for Ocean Disposal of Dredged Material

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-07-05

Chemical Characteristics. 101 1. Water Quality. 101 a. Dissolved Oxygen. 101 b. pH. 103 c. Nutrients . 103 d. Turbidity 104 e. Metals. 105 f. Organics...20 - 3 PCB, ppb 10 (0.03) 0.012 0.022 10 102 c. Nutrients Nitrogen and phosphorous compounds are essential nutrients that are metabolized by primary...1973) described nitrate as the limiting nutrient in Massachusetts Bay. Water column analyses of nutri- ents (ammonia, nitrates and phosphorous) were

Novel cholinesterase modulators and their ability to interact with DNA

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Janockova, Jana; Gulasova, Zuzana; Musilek, Kamil; Kuca, Kamil; Kozurkova, Maria

2013-11-01

In the present work, an interaction of four cholinesterase modulators (1-4) with calf thymus DNA was studied via spectroscopic techniques (UV-Vis, fluorescent spectroscopy and circular dichroism). From UV-Vis spectroscopic analysis, the binding constants for DNA-pyridinium oximes complexes were calculated (K = 3.5 × 104 to 1.4 × 105 M-1). All these measurements indicated that the compounds behave as effective DNA-interacting agents. Electrophoretic techniques proved that ligand 2 inhibited topoisomerase I at a concentration 5 μM.

Evaluation of a Diffusion/Trapping Model for Hydrogen Ingress in High-Strength Alloys

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-11-14

Potential traps are the intermetallic compounds, Ni3Mo and possibly Ni3 Ti or FeTi, precipitated during age hardening of the maraging steel .23 The energy of...1972); Ref 105 in "The Stress Corrosion and Hydrogen Embrittlement Behavior of Maraging Steels ," Proceedings of the Conference on the Stress Corrosion ...718, 18Ni Maraging Steel Hydrogen Trapping, Incoloy 925, Titanium, Trapping Model 19. ABSTRACT (Continue on reverse if necessary and ientify by block

Photon interaction studies using 241Am g-rays

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ramachandran, N.; Karunakaran Nair, K.; Abdullah, K. K.; Varier, K. M.

2006-09-01

We have carried out some photon interaction measurements using 59.54 keV γ-rays from a ^{241}Am source. These include γ attenuation studies as well as photoelectric absorption studies in various samples. The attenuation studies have been made using leaf and wood samples, samples like sand, sugar etc., which contain particles of varying sizes as well as pellets and aqueous solutions of rare earth compounds. In the case of the leaf and wood samples, we have used the γ-ray attenuation technique for the determination of the water content in fresh and dried samples. The variation of the attenuation coefficient with particle size has been investigated for sand and sugar samples. The attenuation studies as well as the photoelectric studies in the case of rare earth elements have been carried out on samples containing such elements whose K-absorption edge energies lie below and close to the γ-energy used. Suitable compounds of the rare earth elements have been chosen as mixture absorbers in these investigations. A narrow beam good geometry set-up was used for the attenuation measurements. A well-shielded scattering geometry was used for the photoelectric measurements. The mixture rule was invoked to extract the values of the mass attenuation coefficients for the elements from those of the corresponding compounds. The results are consistent with theoretical values derived from the XCOM package.

Multiconfigurational nature of 5f orbitals in uranium and plutonium intermetallics

PubMed Central

Booth, C.H.; Jiang, Yu; Wang, D.L.; Mitchell, J.N.; Tobash, P.H.; Bauer, E.D.; Wall, M.A.; Allen, P.G.; Sokaras, D.; Nordlund, D.; Weng, T.-C.; Torrez, M.A.; Sarrao, J.L.

2012-01-01

Uranium and plutonium’s 5f electrons are tenuously poised between strongly bonding with ligand spd-states and residing close to the nucleus. The unusual properties of these elements and their compounds (e.g., the six different allotropes of elemental plutonium) are widely believed to depend on the related attributes of f-orbital occupancy and delocalization for which a quantitative measure is lacking. By employing resonant X-ray emission spectroscopy (RXES) and X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy and making comparisons to specific heat measurements, we demonstrate the presence of multiconfigurational f-orbital states in the actinide elements U and Pu and in a wide range of uranium and plutonium intermetallic compounds. These results provide a robust experimental basis for a new framework toward understanding the strongly-correlated behavior of actinide materials. PMID:22706643

Reactions involving the heterolytic cleavage of carbon-element σ-bonds by Grignard reagents

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Polivin, Yurii N.; Karakhanov, Robert A.; Postnov, Victor N.

1990-03-01

The reactions involving the heterolysis of the C-O, C-C, C-N, C-S, C-Cl, etc. bonds by organomagnesium compounds are examined and the nature of this interesting phenomenon is analysed. On the basis of the analysis of the characteristic features of the cleavage under discussion, it is shown that the heterolysis of the carbon-element bond is, firstly, a general reaction for all classes of organic compounds (provided that two conditions are observed: the substrate molecule must fragment into two stable species — a carbonium ion and an anion — and the strength of the Lewis acid properties should be adequate for the occurrence of the above reaction) and, secondly, the heterolysis of the carbon-element bond is one of the independent pathways in the reactions of the Grignard reagents. The bibliography includes 158 references.

A glimpse on biological activities of tellurium compounds.

PubMed

Cunha, Rodrigo L O R; Gouvea, Iuri E; Juliano, Luiz

2009-09-01

Tellurium is a rare element which has been regarded as a toxic, non-essential trace element and its biological role is not clearly established to date. Besides of that, the biological effects of elemental tellurium and some of its inorganic and organic derivatives have been studied, leading to a set of interesting and promising applications. As an example, it can be highlighted the uses of alkali-metal tellurites and tellurates in microbiology, the antioxidant effects of organotellurides and diorganoditellurides and the immunomodulatory effects of the non-toxic inorganic tellurane, named AS-101, and the plethora of its uses. Inasmuch, the nascent applications of organic telluranes (organotelluranes) as protease inhibitors and its applications in disease models are the most recent contribution to the scenario of the biological effects and applications of tellurium and its compounds discussed in this manuscript.

A comparative study on the effects of domperidone, metoclopramide, clebopride and trimebutine on the gastro-duodenal preparation of the guinea pig.

PubMed

Schuurkes, J A; Helsen, L F; Van Nueten, J M

1985-10-01

Domperidone (dopamine antagonist), metoclopramide and clebopride (both dopamine antagonists and stimulators of the intramural cholinergic system), and trimebutine (spasmolytic) are used in the treatment of digestive disorders such as dyspepsia or gastritis. Our aim was to compare the effects of these compounds on the isolated intact gastroduodenal preparation of the guinea pig. Domperidone (IC50 = 10(-6) M), clebopride (10(-5) M) and metoclopramide (2 X 10(-5) M) antagonized gastric relaxations induced by dopamine. In contrast with clebopride, domperidone and metoclopramide enhanced the amplitude of gastric contractions, moderately reduced contractile frequency, and enhanced antroduodenal coordination in a dose-dependent manner (EC50 for domperidone 3 X 10(-7) M, for metoclopramide 2 X 10(-5) M). Trimebutine reduced gastric spontaneous activity and antroduodenal coordination. Trimebutine had a direct relaxatory effect on gastric tone (EC50 = 4 X 10(-6) M). The mechanism of this inhibitory effect remains unknown but our data indicate that it is not mediated via dopamine or opiate receptor subtypes. domperidone, clebopride, metoclopramide and trimebutine exert distinct and diverse effects on the motility parameters of the gastroduodenal preparation of the guinea pig. These diverging actions may help explain the differences in patients' responsiveness to the treatment of digestive disorders such as dyspepsia or gastritis.

Effect of the Silver Content of SnAgCu Solder on the Interfacial Reaction and on the Reliability of Angle Joints Fabricated by Laser-Jet Soldering

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ji, Hongjun; Ma, Yuyou; Li, Mingyu; Wang, Chunqing

2015-02-01

The silver content of lead-free solders affects their microstructure, the interfacial reaction, and the performance of the joints in reliability tests. In this study, Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu (wt.%, SAC305) and Sn1.0Ag0.5Cu (wt.%, SAC105) solder balls of diameter 55 μm were reflowed on gold surface pads by laser-jet soldering. It was found that four types of layered intermetallic compound (IMC) were formed at the interfaces; these were Au5Sn/AuSn, AuSn, AuSn2, and AuSn4 from the pad side to the solder matrix. The Au5Sn/AuSn eutectic region, thickness 400 nm, formed because of the high cooling rate induced by the laser-jet soldering. During high-temperature storage tests, the silver became segregated at the interfaces between the Au-Sn IMC and the solder matrix, resulting in inhibition of IMC growth in SAC305 joints, the shear strengths of which were higher than those of SAC105 joints. In mechanical drop tests, however, percentage failure of the SAC305 joints was twice that of the SAC105 joints.

Design, chemical synthesis and biological evaluation of 3-spiromorpholinone/3-spirocarbamate androsterone derivatives as inhibitors of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3.

PubMed

Djigoué, Guy Bertrand; Kenmogne, Lucie Carolle; Roy, Jenny; Maltais, René; Poirier, Donald

2015-09-01

17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3 (17β-HSD3) is a key enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. These hormones are known to stimulate androgen-dependent prostate cancer. In order to generate effective inhibitors of androgen biosynthesis without androgenic effect, we synthesized a new family of 3-spiromorpholinone and 3-spirocarbamate androsterone derivatives bearing diversified hydrophobic groups. We also tested their inhibitory activity in a microsomal fraction of 17β-HSD3-containing rat testes, and their androgenic effect on androgen-sensitive LAPC-4 cells. From our first structure-activity relationship (SAR) study, we noted that compound 7e inhibited 17β-HSD3 (77% at 0.1 μM) compared to our reference compound RM-532-105 (76% at 0.1 μM), but exhibited a residual androgenic effect. A library of 7e analogue compounds was next synthesized in order to generate compounds with reduced androgenic activity. In this new SAR study, the sulfonamide compound 7e21 and the carboxamide compound 7e22 inhibited 17β-HSD3 (IC50 = 28 and 88 nM, respectively). These two compounds were not androgenic and not cytotoxic even at the highest concentration tested, but their inhibitory activity decreased in intact LNCaP cells overexpressing 17β-HSD3 (LNCaP[17β-HSD3]). Structural modifications of these two lead compounds could however be tested to produce a second generation of 17β-HSD3 inhibitors. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Astronomy Matters for Chemistry Teachers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Huebner, Jay S.; And Others

1996-01-01

Describes basic misconceptions about the origin of elements and forms of matter found in chemistry texts that need modification in light of modern observational data and interpretations given in astronomy. Notes that there are forms of matter other than elements and compounds. Confounding examples from astronomy include white dwarfs, neutron…

Correlation consistent valence basis sets for use with the Stuttgart-Dresden-Bonn relativistic effective core potentials: The atoms Ga-Kr and In-Xe

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Martin, Jan M. L.; Sundermann, Andreas

2001-02-01

We propose large-core correlation-consistent (cc) pseudopotential basis sets for the heavy p-block elements Ga-Kr and In-Xe. The basis sets are of cc-pVTZ and cc-pVQZ quality, and have been optimized for use with the large-core (valence-electrons only) Stuttgart-Dresden-Bonn (SDB) relativistic pseudopotentials. Validation calculations on a variety of third-row and fourth-row diatomics suggest them to be comparable in quality to the all-electron cc-pVTZ and cc-pVQZ basis sets for lighter elements. Especially the SDB-cc-pVQZ basis set in conjunction with a core polarization potential (CPP) yields excellent agreement with experiment for compounds of the later heavy p-block elements. For accurate calculations on Ga (and, to a lesser extent, Ge) compounds, explicit treatment of 13 valence electrons appears to be desirable, while it seems inevitable for In compounds. For Ga and Ge, we propose correlation consistent basis sets extended for (3d) correlation. For accurate calculations on organometallic complexes of interest to homogenous catalysis, we recommend a combination of the standard cc-pVTZ basis set for first- and second-row elements, the presently derived SDB-cc-pVTZ basis set for heavier p-block elements, and for transition metals, the small-core [6s5p3d] Stuttgart-Dresden basis set-relativistic effective core potential combination supplemented by (2f1g) functions with exponents given in the Appendix to the present paper.

Sound velocity of iron-light element compounds and the chemical structure of the inner core

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ohtani, E.; Sakamaki, T.; Fukui, H.; Tanaka, R.; Shibazaki, Y.; Kamada, S.; Sakairi, T.; Takahashi, S.; Tsutsui, S.; Baron, A. Q. R.

2016-12-01

The light elements in the core could constrain the conditions of accretion, subsequent magma ocean, and core formation stages of the Earth. There are several studies for sound velocity measurements of the iron-light elements alloys. However, the measurements are not enough to constrain the light element abundance in the core tightly at present due to inter-laboratory inconsistencies using different methods which are originated from the difficulties to make such measurements under the extreme conditions. We measured the sound velocity of iron alloy compounds at high pressure and temperature relevant to the Earth's core using double-sided laser heating of a DAC combined with inelastic X-ray scattering at SPring-8. We measured the compressional velocity of hcp-Fe up to 166 GPa and 3000 K, and derived a clear temperature dependence of the Birch's law for hcp-Fe. We measured the compressional velocity of Fe0.89Si0.11 alloy and Fe3C at high pressure and temperature, and we could not detect temperature dependency in Birch's law in these compounds. Additionally, we measured the sound velocity of Fe3S, Fe0.83Ni0.09Si0.08 alloy, and FeH at high pressure. Combining our new data set which showed remarkable differences from previous data on the sound velocity, we present a model of the chemical structure of the inner core. The outer core composition was also estimated based on partitioning behaviors of these light elements between solid and liquid iron alloys under the core conditions.

Defense Small Business Innovation Research Program (SBIR). Abstracts of Phase I Awards. 1986.

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-01-01

RELATIVE HUMIDITY AT TEMPERATURES FOUND IN ARCTIC ENVIRONMENTS. IT IS BASED ON THE OBSERVATION THAT CERTAIN FLUORESCENT AND PHOSPHORESCENT COMPOUNDS ...FREEDMAN TITLE: III-V COMPOUNDS TRACE ELEMENT PROFILE ANALYSIS USING LASER ASSISTED S PECTROSCOPY T 55 OFFICE: RADC/DOR A NOVEL MICROPROBE ANALYSIS...AND II-VI AND III-V COMPOUNDS . THESE ADVANTAGES MAKE THE LSCE TECHNIQUE PARTICULARY WELL SUITED TO THE DEPOSITION OF QUANTUM WELL AND SUPERLATT ICE

Rapid Discovery of Tribological Materials with Improved Performance Using Materials Informatics

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-03-10

of New Solid State Lubricants The recursive portioning model illustrated in Fig. 3 has been applied to about 500 compounds from the FileMakerPro...neighboring cation. Based on this assumption, the large cationic charge of mineral compounds indicates the number of anions tends to be larger than the...The formation of bond types is highly dependent on the difference of electronegativity (EN) between the two elements in the compound . For instance

Tools for Specification Validation and Understanding.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-12-01

MICROCOP RESOUTIO 1.8CAR NATIONA _________ JilSTADARDS 1963 , :;,- .-..... ...... , .. ... .-.... . . .. .....-. -.-.. . . ... . . .. .. .. . ..11...that Change the World 20 2.2.5 Changing a Relation 20 2.2.6 Changing the Type of an Object 21 2.2.7 Creating and Destroying Objects 22 2.2.8 Compound ...verb, or it is a compound name (e.g. MoveShip or ReplaceLine) where the first element of the compound corresponds to the verb. If a name is not a

Evaluation of the bioavailability of major withanolides of Withania somnifera using an in vitro absorption model system.

PubMed

Devkar, Santosh T; Kandhare, Amit D; Sloley, Brian D; Jagtap, Suresh D; Lin, James; Tam, Yun K; Katyare, Surendra S; Bodhankar, Subhash L; Hegde, Mahabaleshwar V

2015-01-01

Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal, shows several pharmacological properties which are attributed mainly to the withanolides present in the root. The efficacy of medicinally active withanolides constituents depends on the absorption and transportation through the intestinal epithelium. We examined these characteristics by employing the Sino-Veda Madin-Darby canine kidney cells culture system, which under in vitro condition shows the absorption characteristics similar to the human intestinal epithelium. Thus, the aim of the present investigation was to assess the bioavailability of individual withanolides. Withanolides were diluted in Hank's buffered saline at a concentration of 2 μg/ml were tested for permeability studies carried out for 1 h duration. Permeability was measured in terms of efflux pump (P eff) in cm/s. P eff values of withanolide A (WN A), withanone (WNN), 1,2-deoxywithastramonolide (1,2 DWM), withanolide B (WN B), withanoside IV-V (WS IV-V), and withaferin A were 4.05 × 10(-5), 2.06 × 10(-5), 1.97 × 10(-5), 1.80 × 10(-5), 3.19 × 10(-6), 3.03 × 10(-6) and 3.30 × 10(-7) respectively. In conclusion, the nonpolar and low molecular weight compounds (WN A, WNN, 1,2 DWM, and WN B) were highly permeable. As against this, the glycosylated and polar WS IV and WS V showed low permeability. Surprisingly and paradoxically, the highly biologically active withaferin A was completely impermeable, suggesting that further studies possibly using human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells may be needed to delineate the absorption characteristics of withanolides, especially withaferin A.

The clc Element of Pseudomonas sp. Strain B13, a Genomic Island with Various Catabolic Properties

PubMed Central

Gaillard, Muriel; Vallaeys, Tatiana; Vorhölter, Frank Jörg; Minoia, Marco; Werlen, Christoph; Sentchilo, Vladimir; Pühler, Alfred; van der Meer, Jan Roelof

2006-01-01

Pseudomonas sp. strain B13 is a bacterium known to degrade chloroaromatic compounds. The properties to use 3- and 4-chlorocatechol are determined by a self-transferable DNA element, the clc element, which normally resides at two locations in the cell's chromosome. Here we report the complete nucleotide sequence of the clc element, demonstrating the unique catabolic properties while showing its relatedness to genomic islands and integrative and conjugative elements rather than to other known catabolic plasmids. As far as catabolic functions, the clc element harbored, in addition to the genes for chlorocatechol degradation, a complete functional operon for 2-aminophenol degradation and genes for a putative aromatic compound transport protein and for a multicomponent aromatic ring dioxygenase similar to anthranilate hydroxylase. The genes for catabolic functions were inducible under various conditions, suggesting a network of catabolic pathway induction. For about half of the open reading frames (ORFs) on the clc element, no clear functional prediction could be given, although some indications were found for functions that were similar to plasmid conjugation. The region in which these ORFs were situated displayed a high overall conservation of nucleotide sequence and gene order to genomic regions in other recently completed bacterial genomes or to other genomic islands. Most notably, except for two discrete regions, the clc element was almost 100% identical over the whole length to a chromosomal region in Burkholderia xenovorans LB400. This indicates the dynamic evolution of this type of element and the continued transition between elements with a more pathogenic character and those with catabolic properties. PMID:16484212

Molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction combined with high performance liquid chromatography for analysis of phenolic compounds from environmental water samples.

PubMed

Feng, Qin-Zhong; Zhao, Li-Xia; Yan, Wei; Lin, Jin-Ming; Zheng, Zhi-Xia

2009-08-15

The molecularly imprinted bulk polymer with 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) as the template molecule and methylacrylic acid (MAA), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as functional monomer and the crosslinker, respectively, has been prepared and applied to the molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction (MISPE) procedure for selective preconcentration of phenolic compounds from environmental water samples. Various parameters affecting the extraction efficiency of the polymer have been evaluated to optimize the selective preconcentration of the phenolic compounds from aqueous samples. The characteristics of the MISPE method were validated by HPLC. The recoveries ranged between 90% and 98% (RSD: 0.9-2.3%, n=3) for tap water, between 85% and 105% (RSD: 2.6-4.9%, n=3) for river water, between 78% and 98% (RSD: 2.6-5.4%, n=3) for sewage water fortified with 0.4 mg L(-1) of phenol, 4-chlorophenol (4-CP), 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), pentachlorophenol (PCP). It was demonstrated that this MISPE-HPLC method could be applied to direct preconcentration and determination of phenolic compounds in environmental water samples.

Stir bar sorptive extraction-thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry: an effective tool for determining persistent organic pollutants and nonylphenol in coastal waters in compliance with existing Directives.

PubMed

Sánchez-Avila, Juan; Quintana, Jordi; Ventura, Francesc; Tauler, Romà; Duarte, Carlos M; Lacorte, Silvia

2010-01-01

A multi-residual method based on stir bar sorptive extraction coupled with thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SBSE-TD-GC-MS) has been developed to measure 49 organic pollutants (organochlorine pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers and nonylphenol) in seawater. Using 100ml of water, the method exhibited good linearity, with recoveries between 86% and 118% and relative standard deviation between 2% and 24% for almost all compounds. The method was applied to determine target contaminants in Catalonian seawater, including coastal areas, ports and desalination plant feed water. Overall individual compound levels oscillated between 0.16 and 597 ng l(-1); PAHs and nonylpenol were the compounds found at the highest concentrations. The method provided LODs between 0.011 and 2.5 ng l(-1), lower than the Environmental Quality Standards (EQS) fixed by Directive 2008/105/EC. In compliance with the directive, this method can be used as a tool to survey target compounds and is aimed at protecting coastal ecosystems from chemical pollution. Copyright 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Determination of phenolic compounds derived from hydrolysable tannins in biological matrices by RP-HPLC.

PubMed

Díez, María Teresa; García del Moral, Pilar; Resines, José Antonio; Arín, María Jesús

2008-08-01

An RP-HPLC method for the determination of four phenolic compounds: gallic acid (GA), pyrogallol (PY), resorcinol (RE) and ellagic acid (EA), derived from hydrolysable tannins is reported. Separation was achieved on a SunFire C18 (250 x 4.6 mm id, 5 microm) column at 40 degrees C with gradient elution. UV detection at 280 nm was applied. The developed method was validated in terms of linearity, accuracy and precision. Satisfactory repeatability and between day precision were noticed with RSD values lower than 3%. Recoveries from different biological samples ranged from 91.50 to 105.25%. The LODs were estimated as 1.70 mg/L for PY, 1.68 mg/L for GA, 1.52 mg/L for RE and 0.98 mg/L for EA with a 20 microL injection volume. The method was applied for the determination of these compounds in oak leaves and in ruminal fluid and urine samples taken from beef cattle fed with oak leaves. The proposed method could be used in ruminant nutrition studies to verify the effect that a diet rich in tannins have on ruminal fermentation and to determine the toxicity of these compounds.

Constituents of Indonesian medicinal plant Averrhoa bilimbi and their cytochrome P450 3A4 and 2D6 inhibitory activities.

PubMed

Auw, Lidyawati; Subehan; Sukrasno; Kadota, Shigetoshi; Tezuka, Yasuhiro

2015-01-01

As constituents of Averrhoa bilimbi leaves we identified three new compounds (1-3) together with 12 known ones (4-15); their inhibitory activities on cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and 2D6 (CYP2D6) were examined. Among the isolated compounds, the mixture of 1 and 2, and compounds 4 and 9 showed strong inhibition on CYP3A4, but mild or no inhibition on CYP2D6. These compounds revealed the characteristics of 1) time- and concentration-dependent inhibition, 2) requirement of NADPH for the inhibition, 3) no protection by nucleophiles, and 4) suppression of the inhibition by competitive inhibitor. Thus, they are suggested to be mechanism-based inactivators of CYP3A4 and CYP2D6. The kinetic parameters for the inactivation (k(inact) and K(I)) were 0.19 min(-1) and 36.7 μM for the mixture of 1 and 2, 0.126 min(-1) and 10.5 μM for 4, and 0.29 min(-1) and 23.4 μM for 9.

Oxidation preventative capping layer for deep-ultra-violet and soft x-ray multilayers

DOEpatents

Prisbrey, Shon T.

2004-07-06

The invention uses iridium and iridium compounds as a protective capping layer on multilayers having reflectivity in the deep ultra-violet to soft x-ray regime. The iridium compounds can be formed in one of two ways: by direct deposition of the iridium compound from a prepared target or by depositing a thin layer (e.g., 5-50 angstroms) of iridium directly onto an element. The deposition energy of the incoming iridium is sufficient to activate the formation of the desired iridium compound. The compounds of most interest are iridium silicide (IrSi.sub.x) and iridium molybdenide (IrMo.sub.x).

Recovery of mercury from mercury compounds via electrolytic methods

DOEpatents

Grossman, M.W.; George, W.A.

1991-06-18

A process for electrolytically recovering mercury from mercury compounds is provided. In one embodiment, Hg is recovered from Hg[sub 2]Cl[sub 2] employing as the electrolyte solution a mixture of HCl and H[sub 2]O. In another embodiment, Hg is electrolytically recovered from HgO wherein the electrolyte solution is comprised of glacial acetic acid and H[sub 2]O. Also provided is an apparatus for producing isotopically enriched mercury compounds in a reactor and then transporting the dissolved compounds into an electrolytic cell where mercury ions are electrolytically reduced and elemental mercury recovered from the mercury compounds. 3 figures.

Recovery of mercury from mercury compounds via electrolytic methods

DOEpatents

Grossman, M.W.; George, W.A.

1989-11-07

A process for electrolytically recovering mercury from mercury compounds is provided. In one embodiment, Hg is recovered from Hg[sub 2]Cl[sub 2] employing as the electrolyte solution a mixture of HCl and H[sub 2]O. In another embodiment, Hg is electrolytically recovered from HgO wherein the electrolyte solution is comprised of glacial acetic acid and H[sub 2]O. Also provided is an apparatus for producing isotopically enriched mercury compounds in a reactor and then transporting the dissolved compounds into an electrolytic cell where mercury ions are electrolytically reduced and elemental mercury recovered from the mercury compounds. 3 figs.

Continued advances in high brightness fiber-coupled laser modules for efficient pumping of fiber and solid-state lasers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hemenway, M.; Chen, Z.; Urbanek, W.; Dawson, D.; Bao, L.; Kanskar, M.; DeVito, M.; Martinsen, R.

2018-02-01

Both the fibber laser and diode-pumped solid-state laser market continue to drive advances in pump diode module brightness. We report on the continued progress by nLIGHT to develop and deliver the highest brightness diode-laser pumps using single-emitter technology. Continued advances in multimode laser diode technology [13] and fiber-coupling techniques have enabled higher emitter counts in the element packages, enabling us to demonstrate 305 W into 105 μm - 0.16 NA. This brightness improvement is achieved by leveraging our prior-reported package re-optimization, allowing an increase in the emitter count from two rows of nine emitters to two rows of twelve emitters. Leveraging the two rows off twelve emitter architecture,, product development has commenced on a 400 W into 200 μm - 00.16 NA package. Additionally, the advances in pump technology intended for CW Yb-doped fiber laser pumping has been leveraged to develop the highest brightness 793 nm pump modules for 2 μm Thulium fiber laser pumping, generating 150 W into 200 μm - 0.18 NA and 100 W into 105 μm - 0.15 NA. Lastly, renewed interest in direct diode materials processing led us to experiment with wavelength multiplexing our existing state of the art 200 W, 105 μm - 00.15 NA package into a combined output of 395 WW into 105 μm - 0.16 NA.

Study of the interaction of 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives with glucocorticoid hormone receptors from the rat liver.

PubMed

Vaitkuviene, Aida; Ulinskaite, Audrone; Meskys, Rolandas; Duburs, Gunars; Klusa, Vija; Liutkevicius, Evaldas

2006-01-01

Seventeen derivatives of 1,4-dihydropyridine (DHP) series were tested in vitro for their ability to inhibit [1,2,4-(3)H]-dexamethasone binding to glucocorticoid receptor from the rat liver cytosol. Depending on structural features and inhibiting activities, the compounds can be divided into three groups. The first group (nifedipine, foridone, J-6-163, OSI-4164 and OSI-7724) had the highest activity: they inhibited specific ligand-receptor binding by 70-80% at concentrations of 10(-5) M and 10(-4) M, with apparent IC(50)values of 1.5-6.0 muM. The second group (cerebrocrast, diethone, OSI-1211 and OSI-7265) was active at concentration of 10(-4) M, and their IC(50) values were 23-45 muM; compound OSI-5003 was almost inactive. Both groups are compounds with scarce water solubility, more or less lipophilic. The third group of compounds comprises ionogenic compounds (organic cations or anions with corresponding inorganic counterions): most of them are water-soluble (glutapyrone, carbatone, gammapyrone, OSI-2780, OSI-1580, OSI-2140) or liposome-forming (A-74). They lack the above-mentioned activity. Among the first two groups, compounds possessing more bulky substituents in positions 3 and 5 are less active. The aromatic ring in the position 4 is essential for the optimal activity. It seems that there is a bell-shaped dependence of activity upon lipophilicity. In general, the compounds of the first group are strong Ca-antagonists, while the second group includes moderate Ca-antagonists, but each group comprises also compounds which lack Ca antagonistic activity. All compounds of the third group lack Ca antagonistic properties.

Controlled Synthesis of Polyions of Heavy Main-Group Elements in Ionic Liquids

PubMed Central

Groh, Matthias F.; Wolff, Alexander; Grasser, Matthias A.; Ruck, Michael

2016-01-01

Ionic liquids (ILs) have been proven to be valuable reaction media for the synthesis of inorganic materials among an abundance of other applications in different fields of chemistry. Up to now, the syntheses have remained mostly “black boxes”; and researchers have to resort to trial-and-error in order to establish a new synthetic route to a specific compound. This review comprises decisive reaction parameters and techniques for the directed synthesis of polyions of heavy main-group elements (fourth period and beyond) in ILs. Several families of compounds are presented ranging from polyhalides over carbonyl complexes and selenidostannates to homo and heteropolycations. PMID:27598123

Reading Level and Length of Written Research Consent Forms

PubMed Central

Foe, Gabriella; Lally, Rachel

2015-01-01

Abstract In 100 Institutional Review Board approved consent forms (CFs), we assessed pages, reading levels, and whether they included essential elements. CF page numbers ranged from 3 to 28 (mean, 10.3) and readability ranged from grades 5.6 to 28.9 (mean, 11.6). The CF mean score for including essential elements was 90.8% (range: 63.5–100%). There were no significant differences by specialty in number of pages (p = 0.053), but surgical specialties had the highest readability (mean, 13.1), and pediatrics the lowest (10.5), p = 0.008. While approved CFs generally included the Office for Human Research Protections recommended essential elements, they were very long, and even pediatric forms, which had the lowest reading levels, were written on average at a tenth grade level. Researchers need guidance to resolve pressure between regulatory mandates and guidelines and “keeping it simple and clear.” PMID:25580939

Extensive 1-year survey of trace elements and compounds in the airborne suspended particulate matter in Cleveland, Ohio

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

King, R. B.; Fordyce, J. S.; Antoine, A. C.; Leibecki, H. F.; Neustadter, H. E.; Sidik, S. M.

1976-01-01

Concentrations of 75 chemical constituents in the airborne particulate matter were measured in Cleveland, Ohio, during 1971 and 1972. Values covering a 1-year period (45 to 50 sampling days) at each of 16 sites are presented for 60 elements. A lesser number of values is given for sulfate, nitrate, fluoride, acidity, 10 polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon compounds, and the aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds as a group. Methods used included instrumental neutron activation, emission spectroscopy, gas chromatography, combustion techniques, and colorimetry. Uncertainties in the concentrations associated with the sampling procedures, the analysis methods, the use of several analytical facilities, and samples with concentrations below the detection limits are evaluated in detail. The data is discussed in relation to other studies and source origins. The trace constituent concentrations as a function of wind direction are used to suggest a practical method for air pollution source identification.

Crystal growth of device quality GaAs in space

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gatos, H. C.; Lagowski, J.

1986-01-01

It was established that the findings on elemental semiconductors Ge and Si regarding crystal growth, segregation, chemical composition, defect interactions, and materials properties-electronic properties relationships are not necessarily applicable to GaAs (and to other semiconductor compounds). In many instances totally unexpected relationships were found to prevail. It was further established that in compound semiconductors with a volatile constituent, control of stoichiometry is far more critical than any other crystal growth parameter. It was also shown that, due to suppression of nonstoichiometric fluctuations, the advantages of space for growth of semiconductor compounds extend far beyond those observed in elemental semiconductors. A novel configuration was discovered for partial confinement of GaAs melt in space which overcomes the two major problems associated with growth of semiconductors in total confinement. They are volume expansion during solidification and control of pressure of the volatile constituent. These problems are discussed in detail.

Alkaline and alkaline earth metal phosphate halides and phosphors

DOEpatents

Lyons, Robert Joseph; Setlur, Anant Achyut; Cleaver, Robert John

2012-11-13

Compounds, phosphor materials and apparatus related to nacaphite family of materials are presented. Potassium and rubidium based nacaphite family compounds and phosphors designed by doping divalent rare earth elements in the sites of alkaline earth metals in the nacaphite material families are descried. An apparatus comprising the phosphors based on the nacaphite family materials are presented herein. The compounds presented is of formula A.sub.2B.sub.1-yR.sub.yPO.sub.4X where the elements A, B, R, X and suffix y are defined such that A is potassium, rubidium, or a combination of potassium and rubidium and B is calcium, strontium, barium, or a combination of any of calcium, strontium and barium. X is fluorine, chlorine, or a combination of fluorine and chlorine, R is europium, samarium, ytterbium, or a combination of any of europium, samarium, and ytterbium, and y ranges from 0 to about 0.1.

Database of Sources of Environmental Releases of Dioxin-Like Compounds in the United States

EPA Science Inventory

The Database of Sources of Environmental Releases of Dioxin-like Compounds in the United States (US)Metallic elements in fossil fuel combustion products: amounts and form of emissions and evaluation of carcinogenicity and mutagenicity.