Synoptic variability of extreme snowfall in the St. Elias Mountains, Yukon, Canada

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Andin, Caroline; Zdanowicz, Christian; Copland, Luke

2015-04-01

Glaciers in the Wrangell and St. Elias Mountains (Alaska and Yukon) are presently experiencing some of the highest regional wastage rates worldwide. While the effect of regional temperatures on glacier melt rates in this region has been investigated, comparatively little is known about how synoptic climate variations, for example in the position and strength of the Aleutian Low, modulate snow accumulation on these glaciers. Such information is needed to accurately forecast future wastage rates, glacier-water resource availability, and contributions to sea-level rise. Starting in 2000, automated weather stations (AWS) were established in the central St-Elias Mountains (Yukon) at altitudes ranging from 1190 to 5400 m asl, to collect climatological data in support of glaciological research. These data are the longest continuous year-round observations of surface climate ever obtained from this vast glaciated region. Here we present an analysis of snowfall events in the icefields of the St-Elias Mountains based on a decade-long series of AWS observations of snow accumulation. Specifically, we investigated the synoptic patterns and air mass trajectories associated with the largest snowfall events (> 25 cm/12 hours) that occurred between 2002 and 2012. Nearly 80% of these events occurred during the cold season (October-March), and in 74 % of cases the precipitating air masses originated from the North Pacific south of 50°N. Zonal air mass advection over Alaska, or from the Bering Sea or the Arctic Ocean, was comparatively rare (20%). Somewhat counter-intuitively, dominant surface winds in the St. Elias Mountains during high snowfall events were predominantly easterly, probably due to boundary-layer frictional drag and topographic funneling effects. Composite maps of sea-level pressure and 700 mb winds reveal that intense snowfall events between 2002 and 2012 were associated with synoptic situations characterized by a split, eastwardly-shifted or longitudinally

A pulsed, mono-energetic and angular-selective UV photo-electron source for the commissioning of the KATRIN experiment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Behrens, J.; Ranitzsch, P. C.-O.; Beck, M.; Beglarian, A.; Erhard, M.; Groh, S.; Hannen, V.; Kraus, M.; Ortjohann, H.-W.; Rest, O.; Schlösser, K.; Thümmler, T.; Valerius, K.; Wierman, K.; Wilkerson, J. F.; Winzen, D.; Zacher, M.; Weinheimer, C.

2017-06-01

The KATRIN experiment aims to determine the neutrino mass scale with a sensitivity of 200 {meV/c^2} (90% C. L.) by a precision measurement of the shape of the tritium β -spectrum in the endpoint region. The energy analysis of the decay electrons is achieved by a MAC-E filter spectrometer. To determine the transmission properties of the KATRIN main spectrometer, a mono-energetic and angular-selective electron source has been developed. In preparation for the second commissioning phase of the main spectrometer, a measurement phase was carried out at the KATRIN monitor spectrometer where the device was operated in a MAC-E filter setup for testing. The results of these measurements are compared with simulations using the particle-tracking software "Kassiopeia", which was developed in the KATRIN collaboration over recent years.

Radon induced background processes in the KATRIN pre-spectrometer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fränkle, F. M.; Bornschein, L.; Drexlin, G.; Glück, F.; Görhardt, S.; Käfer, W.; Mertens, S.; Wandkowsky, N.; Wolf, J.

2011-10-01

The KArlsruhe TRItium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment is a next generation, model independent, large scale tritium β-decay experiment to determine the effective electron anti-neutrino mass by investigating the kinematics of tritium β-decay with a sensitivity of 200 meV/c 2 using the MAC-E filter technique. In order to reach this sensitivity, a low background level of 10 -2 counts per second (cps) is required. This paper describes how the decay of radon in a MAC-E filter generates background events, based on measurements performed at the KATRIN pre-spectrometer test setup. Radon (Rn) atoms, which emanate from materials inside the vacuum region of the KATRIN spectrometers, are able to penetrate deep into the magnetic flux tube so that the α-decay of Rn contributes to the background. Of particular importance are electrons emitted in processes accompanying the Rn α-decay, such as shake-off, internal conversion of excited levels in the Rn daughter atoms and Auger electrons. While low-energy electrons (<100 eV) directly contribute to the background in the signal region, higher energy electrons can be stored magnetically inside the volume of the spectrometer. Depending on their initial energy, they are able to create thousands of secondary electrons via subsequent ionization processes with residual gas molecules and, since the detector is not able to distinguish these secondary electrons from the signal electrons, an increased background rate over an extended period of time is generated.

Properties of 83mKr conversion electrons and their use in the KATRIN experiment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vénos, D.; Sentkerestiová, J.; Dragoun, O.; Slezák, M.; Ryšavý, M.; Špalek, A.

2018-02-01

The gaseous 83mKr will be used as a source of monoenergetic conversion electrons for systematic studies and calibration of the energy scale in the KArlsruhe TRItium Neutrino experiment (KATRIN). Using all existing experimental data the adopted values of the electron binding energies for free krypton were established and the basic conversion electron properties in 83mKr decay were compiled. Modes of the measurements with gaseous 83mKr were suggested for KATRIN.

Electron line shape and transmission function of the KATRIN monitor spectrometer

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Slezák, M.

Knowledge of the neutrino mass is of particular interest in modern neutrino physics. Besides the neutrinoless double beta decay and cosmological observation information about the neutrino mass is obtained from single beta decay by observing the shape of the electron spectrum near the endpoint. The KATRIN β decay experiment aims to push the limit on the effective electron antineutrino mass down to 0.2 eV/c{sup 2}. To reach this sensitivity several systematic effects have to be under control. One of them is the fluctuations of the absolute energy scale, which therefore has to be continuously monitored at very high precision. Thismore » paper shortly describes KATRIN, the technique for continuous monitoring of the absolute energy scale and recent improvements in analysis of the monitoring data.« less

Infrared Observations of Hot Gas and Cold Ice Toward the Low Mass Protostar Elias 29

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Boogert, A. C. A.; Tielens, A. G. G. M.; Ceccarelli, C.; Boonman, A. M. S.; vanDishoeck, E. F.; Keane, J. V.; Whittet, D. C. B.; deGraauw, T.

2000-01-01

We have obtained the full 1-200 micrometer spectrum of the low luminosity (36 solar luminosity Class I protostar Elias 29 in the rho Ophiuchi molecular cloud. It provides a unique opportunity to study the origin and evolution of interstellar ice and the interrelationship of interstellar ice and hot core gases around low mass protostars. We see abundant hot CO and H2O gas, as well as the absorption bands of CO, CO2, H2O and "6.85 micrometer" ices. We compare the abundances and physical conditions of the gas and ices toward Elias 29 with the conditions around several well studied luminous, high mass protostars. The high gas temperature and gas/solid ratios resemble those of relatively evolved high mass objects (e.g. GL 2591). However, none of the ice band profiles shows evidence for significant thermal processing, and in this respect Elias 29 resembles the least evolved luminous protostars, such as NGC 7538 : IRS9. Thus we conclude that the heating of the envelope of the low mass object Elias 29 is qualitatively different from that of high mass protostars. This is possibly related to a different density gradient of the envelope or shielding of the ices in a circumstellar disk. This result is important for our understanding of the evolution of interstellar ices, and their relation to cometary ices.

An Implementation Of Elias Delta Code And ElGamal Algorithm In Image Compression And Security

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rachmawati, Dian; Andri Budiman, Mohammad; Saffiera, Cut Amalia

2018-01-01

In data transmission such as transferring an image, confidentiality, integrity, and efficiency of data storage aspects are highly needed. To maintain the confidentiality and integrity of data, one of the techniques used is ElGamal. The strength of this algorithm is found on the difficulty of calculating discrete logs in a large prime modulus. ElGamal belongs to the class of Asymmetric Key Algorithm and resulted in enlargement of the file size, therefore data compression is required. Elias Delta Code is one of the compression algorithms that use delta code table. The image was first compressed using Elias Delta Code Algorithm, then the result of the compression was encrypted by using ElGamal algorithm. Prime test was implemented using Agrawal Biswas Algorithm. The result showed that ElGamal method could maintain the confidentiality and integrity of data with MSE and PSNR values 0 and infinity. The Elias Delta Code method generated compression ratio and space-saving each with average values of 62.49%, and 37.51%.

Modern and Past Rock Exhumation in the St. Elias Mountains Revealed by Onshore and Offshore Detrital Thermochronology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Enkelmann, E.; Dunn, C. A.; Ridgway, K.; Allen, W. K.

2016-12-01

The St. Elias Mountains in southeastern Alaska provide a natural laboratory to study the interacting processes of tectonics and climate. Because of the high-latitude, coastal geography the surface processes in the St. Elias Mountains are dominated by glacial erosion that varied during late Cenozoic climate shifts. Sediment eroded from the St. Elias Mountains are transported into the Gulf of Alaska by large tidewater glaciers and rivers, where they are deposited on the shelf and in large deep-sea submarine fans. Surface uplift and erosion jointly results in exhumation of deep crustal rocks that has been quantified by thermochronology, revealing spatial variations in exhumation rates across the St. Elias Mountains. We present new thermochronology data (apatite and zircon fission-track ages) from offshore strata derived from boreholes drilled by IODP Expedition 341 in the Gulf of Alaska. This offshore record provides an integrated signal of rock exhumation from the St. Elias and southeast Alaska since 10 Ma. Integrating the offshore data with the existing onshore thermochronology reveals that very rapid exhumation (>2 km/Myr) from 8-10 km depths has been occurring in southeastern Alaska since 11­-10 Ma and thus prior to the onset of glaciation. The majority of our offshore data record the past 1 Myr of deposition related to the Bagley-Bering Glacier and allows assessing the long-standing question of the western limit of extreme exhumation observed at the St. Elias syntaxis in the Seward and Hubbard glacial drainages. The zircon fission-track ages from the Bering sediment reveal small age populations that peak between 15­-9 Ma, suggesting much slower exhumation beneath the Bagley Ice Valley than farther east underneath the Seward and Hubbard glacier. Our results point out the first-order role of tectonics in providing sustained uplift and crustal weakening in the upper plate that than serve as areas for focused exhumation due to secondary erosional/climate processes.

Deformation during terrane accretion in the Saint Elias orogen, Alaska

USGS Publications Warehouse

Bruhn, R.L.; Pavlis, T.L.; Plafker, G.; Serpa, L.

2004-01-01

The Saint Elias orogen of southern Alaska and adjacent Canada is a complex belt of mountains formed by collision and accretion of the Yakutat terrane into the transition zone from transform faulting to subduction in the northeast Pacific. The orogen is an active analog for tectonic processes that formed much of the North American Cordillera, and is also an important site to study (1) the relationships between climate and tectonics, and (2) structures that generate large- to great-magnitude earthquakes. The Yakutat terrane is a fragment of the North American plate margin that is partly subducted beneath and partly accreted to the continental margin of southern Alaska. Interaction between the Yakutat terrane and the North American and Pacific plates causes significant differences in the style of deformation within the terrane. Deformation in the eastern part of the terrane is caused by strike-slip faulting along the Fairweather transform fault and by reverse faulting beneath the coastal mountains, but there is little deformation immediately offshore. The central part of the orogen is marked by thrusting of the Yakutat terrane beneath the North American plate along the Chugach-Saint Elias fault and development of a wide, thin-skinned fold-and-thrust belt. Strike-slip faulting in this segment may he localized in the hanging wall of the Chugach-Saint Elias fault, or dissipated by thrust faulting beneath a north-northeast-trending belt of active deformation that cuts obliquely across the eastern end of the fold-and-thrust belt. Superimposed folds with complex shapes and plunging hinge lines accommodate horizontal shortening and extension in the western part of the orogen, where the sedimentary cover of the Yakutat terrane is accreted into the upper plate of the Aleutian subduction zone. These three structural segments are separated by transverse tectonic boundaries that cut across the Yakutat terrane and also coincide with the courses of piedmont glaciers that flow from

Tests of by-pass diodes at cryogenic temperatures for the KATRIN magnets

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gil, W.; Bolz, H.; Jansen, A.

The Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino experiment (KATRIN) requires a series of superconducting solenoid magnets for guiding beta-electrons from the source to the detector. By-pass diodes will operate at liquid helium temperatures to protect the superconducting magnets and bus bars in case of quenches. The operation conditions of the by-pass diodes depend on the different magnet systems of KATRIN. Therefore, different diode stacks are designed with adequate copper heat sinks assuming adiabatic conditions. The by-pass diode stacks have been submitted to cold tests both at liquid nitrogen and liquid helium temperatures for checking operation conditions. This report presents the test set upmore » and first results of the diode characteristics at 300 K and 77 K, as well as of endurance tests of the diode stacks at constant current load at 77 K and 4.2 K.« less

Gaseous 83mKr generator for KATRIN

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sentkerestiová, J.; Dragoun, O.; Lebeda, O.; Ryšavý, M.; Sturm, M.; Vénos, D.

2018-04-01

Monoenergetic conversion electrons from the 83mKrKr isomeric state have been proven to be useful in the calibration of several tritium neutrino mass and dark matter experiments. In this paper the design and characteristics of the gaseous 83mKrKr generator, including the 83Rb/83mKrKr source behavior in tritium, for the KATRIN experiment are presented. Using Si(Li) and silicon drift detectors (SDD) detectors, the half-life of the 83mKrKr isomeric state was measured to be 1.8620 ± 0.0019 h.

Ilya Neustadt, Norbert Elias, and the Leicester Department: personal correspondence and the history of sociology in Britain.

PubMed

Goodwin, John; Hughes, Jason

2011-12-01

The central aims of this paper are: (1) to explore the utility of using personal correspondence as a source of data for sociological investigations into the history of sociology in the UK; (2) in relation to this undertaking, to advance the beginnings of a figurational analysis of epistolary forms; and (3), to provide an empirically-grounded discussion of the historical significance of the Department of Sociology at the University of Leicester (a University largely ignored in 'standard histories' of the subject) at a formative phase in the development of the discipline within the UK. The correspondence drawn upon in the paper is between Norbert Elias and Ilya Neustadt between 1962 and 1964 when Elias was Professor of Sociology at the University of Ghana and Ilya Neustadt was Professor of Sociology and Head of the Sociology Department at the University of Leicester. From an analysis of this correspondence, we elucidate an emergent dynamic to the relationship between Neustadt and Elias, one which, we argue, undergirds the development of sociology at Leicester and the distinctive character of the intellectual climate that prevailed there during the 1960s. The paper concludes with a consideration of whether it was a collapse of this dynamic that led to a total breakdown in the relationship between Neustadt and Elias, and by extension, an important phase in the expansion of sociology at Leicester. © London School of Economics and Political Science 2011.

Neutrinos secretly converting to lighter particles to please both KATRIN and the cosmos

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Farzan, Yasaman; Hannestad, Steen, E-mail: yasaman@theory.ipm.ac.ir, E-mail: sth@phys.au.dk

Within the framework of the Standard Model of particle physics and standard cosmology, observations of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) and Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) set stringent bounds on the sum of the masses of neutrinos. If these bounds are satisfied, the upcoming KATRIN experiment which is designed to probe neutrino mass down to ∼ 0.2 eV will observe only a null signal. We show that the bounds can be relaxed by introducing new interactions for the massive active neutrinos, making neutrino masses in the range observable by KATRIN compatible with cosmological bounds. Within this scenario, neutrinos convert to new stablemore » light particles by resonant production of intermediate states around a temperature of T∼ keV in the early Universe, leading to a much less pronounced suppression of density fluctuations compared to the standard model.« less

Commissioning of the vacuum system of the KATRIN Main Spectrometer

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Arenz, M.; Babutzka, M.; Bahr, M.

The KATRIN experiment will probe the neutrino mass by measuring the β-electron energy spectrum near the endpoint of tritium β-decay. We performed an integral energy analysis by an electro-static spectrometer (``Main Spectrometer''), an ultra-high vacuum vessel with a length of 23.2 m, a volume of 1240 m 3, and a complex inner electrode system with about 120 000 individual parts. The strong magnetic field that guides the β-electrons is provided by super-conducting solenoids at both ends of the spectrometer. Its influence on turbo-molecular pumps and vacuum gauges had to be considered. Furthermore, a system consisting of 6 turbo-molecular pumps andmore » 3 km of non-evaporable getter strips has been deployed and was tested during the commissioning of the spectrometer. In this paper the configuration, the commissioning with bake-out at 300 °C, and the performance of this system are presented in detail. The vacuum system has to maintain a pressure in the 10 -11 mbar range. We demonstrated that the performance of the system is already close to these stringent functional requirements for the KATRIN experiment, which will start at the end of 2016.« less

Commissioning of the vacuum system of the KATRIN Main Spectrometer

DOE PAGES

Arenz, M.; Babutzka, M.; Bahr, M.; ...

2016-04-07

The KATRIN experiment will probe the neutrino mass by measuring the β-electron energy spectrum near the endpoint of tritium β-decay. We performed an integral energy analysis by an electro-static spectrometer (``Main Spectrometer''), an ultra-high vacuum vessel with a length of 23.2 m, a volume of 1240 m 3, and a complex inner electrode system with about 120 000 individual parts. The strong magnetic field that guides the β-electrons is provided by super-conducting solenoids at both ends of the spectrometer. Its influence on turbo-molecular pumps and vacuum gauges had to be considered. Furthermore, a system consisting of 6 turbo-molecular pumps andmore » 3 km of non-evaporable getter strips has been deployed and was tested during the commissioning of the spectrometer. In this paper the configuration, the commissioning with bake-out at 300 °C, and the performance of this system are presented in detail. The vacuum system has to maintain a pressure in the 10 -11 mbar range. We demonstrated that the performance of the system is already close to these stringent functional requirements for the KATRIN experiment, which will start at the end of 2016.« less

Rings and gaps in the disc around Elias 24 revealed by ALMA

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dipierro, G.; Ricci, L.; Pérez, L.; Lodato, G.; Alexander, R. D.; Laibe, G.; Andrews, S.; Carpenter, J. M.; Chandler, C. J.; Greaves, J. A.; Hall, C.; Henning, T.; Kwon, W.; Linz, H.; Mundy, L.; Sargent, A.; Tazzari, M.; Testi, L.; Wilner, D.

2018-04-01

We present Atacama Large Millimeter/sub-millimeter Array (ALMA) Cycle 2 observations of the 1.3-mm dust continuum emission of the protoplanetary disc surrounding the T Tauri star Elias 24 with an angular resolution of ˜0.2 arcsec (˜28 au). The dust continuum emission map reveals a dark ring at a radial distance of 0.47 arcsec (˜65 au) from the central star, surrounded by a bright ring at 0.58 arcsec (˜81 au). In the outer disc, the radial intensity profile shows two inflection points at 0.71 and 0.87 arcsec (˜99 and 121 au, respectively). We perform global three-dimensional smoothed particle hydrodynamic gas/dust simulations of discs hosting a migrating and accreting planet. Combining the dust density maps of small and large grains with three-dimensional radiative transfer calculations, we produce synthetic ALMA observations of a variety of disc models in order to reproduce the gap- and ring-like features observed in Elias 24. We find that the dust emission across the disc is consistent with the presence of an embedded planet with a mass of ˜0.7 MJ at an orbital radius of ˜ 60 au. Our model suggests that the two inflection points in the radial intensity profile are due to the inward radial motion of large dust grains from the outer disc. The surface brightness map of our disc model provides a reasonable match to the gap- and ring-like structures observed in Elias 24, with an average discrepancy of ˜5 per cent of the observed fluxes around the gap region.

Cenozoic evolution of the Yakutat-North American collision zone and structural accommodation of St. Elias syntaxis exhumation, Alaska/Yukon

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Falkowski, Sarah; Enkelmann, Eva; Ehlers, Todd

2016-04-01

Active convergent margins potentially pose multiple natural hazards to human life and infrastructure. Tectonic strain may be further focused where convergent margins are warped into broad syntaxes. However, the processes responsible for upper plate deformation in these settings are not well understood. The St. Elias syntaxis in southeast Alaska and southwest Yukon is located at the eastern corner of the Yakutat microplate, which indents into the North American Plate and subducts at a flat angle beneath Alaska. High rates of long-term glacial erosion and exhumation (>2 mm/yr) are found on the southern, coastal flanks of the St. Elias orogen, but the deepest and most rapid exhumation is focused at the St. Elias syntaxis. In this location, transform motion transitions into subduction of the wedge-shaped, oceanic plateau of the Yakutat microplate. In order to map the spatio-temporal pattern of exhumation in the Yakutat-North American collision zone, we conducted zircon and apatite fission-track analyses of predominantly detrital, sand-sized material and five bedrock samples from 47 different glacio-fluvial catchments covering an area of ~45,000 km2 around the St. Elias syntaxis. Integration of the new thermochronologic data with prior work and other geologic and geophysical observations yielded information on past terrane accretion events at the North American margin since the late Mesozoic and the evolution of exhumation at the St. Elias syntaxis in the context of the ongoing Yakutat-North American plate collision. Our results indicate a migrating focus of the most rapid exhumation from north to south and from the upper (North American Plate) to the lower (Yakutat microplate) plate in the syntaxis area over the past ~10 Myr. This migration occurred in response to a change in plate motions, increasingly thicker crust of the subducting Yakutat microplate, and changes in surface processes after glaciation began that resulted in modification of the rheology. We propose a

Calibration of high voltages at the ppm level by the difference of ^{83{m}}Kr conversion electron lines at the KATRIN experiment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Arenz, M.; Baek, W.-J.; Beck, M.; Beglarian, A.; Behrens, J.; Bergmann, T.; Berlev, A.; Besserer, U.; Blaum, K.; Bode, T.; Bornschein, B.; Bornschein, L.; Brunst, T.; Buzinsky, N.; Chilingaryan, S.; Choi, W. Q.; Deffert, M.; Doe, P. J.; Dragoun, O.; Drexlin, G.; Dyba, S.; Edzards, F.; Eitel, K.; Ellinger, E.; Engel, R.; Enomoto, S.; Erhard, M.; Eversheim, D.; Fedkevych, M.; Fischer, S.; Formaggio, J. A.; Fränkle, F. M.; Franklin, G. B.; Friedel, F.; Fulst, A.; Gil, W.; Glück, F.; Ureña, A. Gonzalez; Grohmann, S.; Grössle, R.; Gumbsheimer, R.; Hackenjos, M.; Hannen, V.; Harms, F.; Haußmann, N.; Heizmann, F.; Helbing, K.; Herz, W.; Hickford, S.; Hilk, D.; Hillesheimer, D.; Howe, M. A.; Huber, A.; Jansen, A.; Kellerer, J.; Kernert, N.; Kippenbrock, L.; Kleesiek, M.; Klein, M.; Kopmann, A.; Korzeczek, M.; Kovalík, A.; Krasch, B.; Kraus, M.; Kuckert, L.; Lasserre, T.; Lebeda, O.; Letnev, J.; Lokhov, A.; Machatschek, M.; Marsteller, A.; Martin, E. L.; Mertens, S.; Mirz, S.; Monreal, B.; Neumann, H.; Niemes, S.; Off, A.; Osipowicz, A.; Otten, E.; Parno, D. S.; Pollithy, A.; Poon, A. W. P.; Priester, F.; Ranitzsch, P. C.-O.; Rest, O.; Robertson, R. G. H.; Roccati, F.; Rodenbeck, C.; Röllig, M.; Röttele, C.; Ryšavý, M.; Sack, R.; Saenz, A.; Schimpf, L.; Schlösser, K.; Schlösser, M.; Schönung, K.; Schrank, M.; Seitz-Moskaliuk, H.; Sentkerestiová, J.; Sibille, V.; Slezák, M.; Steidl, M.; Steinbrink, N.; Sturm, M.; Suchopar, M.; Suesser, M.; Telle, H. H.; Thorne, L. A.; Thümmler, T.; Titov, N.; Tkachev, I.; Trost, N.; Valerius, K.; Vénos, D.; Vianden, R.; Hernández, A. P. Vizcaya; Weber, M.; Weinheimer, C.; Weiss, C.; Welte, S.; Wendel, J.; Wilkerson, J. F.; Wolf, J.; Wüstling, S.; Zadoroghny, S.

2018-05-01

The neutrino mass experiment KATRIN requires a stability of 3 ppm for the retarding potential at - 18.6 kV of the main spectrometer. To monitor the stability, two custom-made ultra-precise high-voltage dividers were developed and built in cooperation with the German national metrology institute Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB). Until now, regular absolute calibration of the voltage dividers required bringing the equipment to the specialised metrology laboratory. Here we present a new method based on measuring the energy difference of two ^{83{m}}Kr conversion electron lines with the KATRIN setup, which was demonstrated during KATRIN's commissioning measurements in July 2017. The measured scale factor M=1972.449(10) of the high-voltage divider K35 is in agreement with the last PTB calibration 4 years ago. This result demonstrates the utility of the calibration method, as well as the long-term stability of the voltage divider.

Technical design and commissioning of the KATRIN large-volume air coil system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Erhard, M.; Behrens, J.; Bauer, S.; Beglarian, A.; Berendes, R.; Drexlin, G.; Glück, F.; Gumbsheimer, R.; Hergenhan, J.; Leiber, B.; Mertens, S.; Osipowicz, A.; Plischke, P.; Reich, J.; Thümmler, T.; Wandkowsky, N.; Weinheimer, C.; Wüstling, S.

2018-02-01

The KATRIN experiment is a next-generation direct neutrino mass experiment with a sensitivity of 0.2 eV (90% C.L.) to the effective mass of the electron neutrino. It measures the tritium β-decay spectrum close to its endpoint with a spectrometer based on the MAC-E filter technique. The β-decay electrons are guided by a magnetic field that operates in the mT range in the central spectrometer volume; it is fine-tuned by a large-volume air coil system surrounding the spectrometer vessel. The purpose of the system is to provide optimal transmission properties for signal electrons and to achieve efficient magnetic shielding against background. In this paper we describe the technical design of the air coil system, including its mechanical and electrical properties. We outline the importance of its versatile operation modes in background investigation and suppression techniques. We compare magnetic field measurements in the inner spectrometer volume during system commissioning with corresponding simulations, which allows to verify the system's functionality in fine-tuning the magnetic field configuration. This is of major importance for a successful neutrino mass measurement at KATRIN.

Forty Years On: Norbert Elias and the Young Worker Project. CLMS Working Paper.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goodwin, John; O'Connor, Henrietta

A study performed in 1962 by Norbert Elias on the adjustment of young people to the transition from school to work had five areas of inquiry; adjustment to relationships with older workers and supervisors; adjustment to job problems; adjustment to role as workers; adjustment to role as money-earner in home relations; and adjustment to role as…

Comparative Analysis of Glaciers in the Chugach-St.-Elias Mountains

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Herzfeld, U. C.; Mayer, H.

2003-12-01

The phenomenon of glacier surges has to date been studied for only relatively few examples. 136 of the 204 surge-type glaciers in North America listed by Post (1969) are located in the St. Elias Mountains. In August 2003 we increased our data inventory of observations on surge glaciers by collecting material for 19 glaciers in the Glacier Bay area and neighboring regions in the eastern St. Elias Mountains, including 6 surge-type glaciers (Carroll, Rendu, Ferris, Grand Pacific, Margerie, and Johns Hopkins Glaciers). Analyses utilize digital video and photographic data, satellite data and GPS data. Geostatistical classification parameters and algebraic parameters characteristic of surge motions are derived for selected glaciers. During the 1993-1995 surge of Bering Glacier the entire surface of Alaska's longest glacier was crevassed and could be segmented into several dynamic provinces, where patterns changed as the surge progressed and the affected areas expanded downglacier and upglacier, finally affecting the Bagley Ice Field. The middle moraine of Grand Pacific and Ferris Glaciers is pushed over to the Grand Pacific side, caused by a recent surge of the heavily crevassed Ferris Glacier. The front of Johns Hopkins Glacier advances, as its lower reaches are affected by a surge. The surge history of Bering Glacier goes back to the Holocene, whereas Carroll and Rendu Glaciers have surged only 3-4 times. These observations pose questions on the possible relationship between surge dynamics and climatic changes.

Statistical sensitivity on right-handed currents in presence of eV scale sterile neutrinos with KATRIN

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Steinbrink, Nicholas M.N.; Weinheimer, Christian; Glück, Ferenc

The KATRIN experiment aims to determine the absolute neutrino mass by measuring the endpoint region of the tritium β-spectrum. As a large-scale experiment with a sharp energy resolution, high source luminosity and low background it may also be capable of testing certain theories of neutrino interactions beyond the standard model (SM). An example of a non-SM interaction are right-handed currents mediated by right-handed W bosons in the left-right symmetric model (LRSM). In this extension of the SM, an additional SU(2){sub R} symmetry in the high-energy limit is introduced, which naturally includes sterile neutrinos and predicts the seesaw mechanism. In tritiummore » β decay, this leads to an additional term from interference between left- and right-handed interactions, which enhances or suppresses certain regions near the endpoint of the beta spectrum. In this work, the sensitivity of KATRIN to right-handed currents is estimated for the scenario of a light sterile neutrino with a mass of some eV. This analysis has been performed with a Bayesian analysis using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). The simulations show that, in principle, KATRIN will be able to set sterile neutrino mass-dependent limits on the interference strength. The sensitivity is significantly increased if the Q value of the β decay can be sufficiently constrained. However, the sensitivity is not high enough to improve current upper limits from right-handed W boson searches at the LHC.« less

Statistical sensitivity on right-handed currents in presence of eV scale sterile neutrinos with KATRIN

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Steinbrink, Nicholas M. N.; Glück, Ferenc; Heizmann, Florian; Kleesiek, Marco; Valerius, Kathrin; Weinheimer, Christian; Hannestad, Steen

2017-06-01

The KATRIN experiment aims to determine the absolute neutrino mass by measuring the endpoint region of the tritium β-spectrum. As a large-scale experiment with a sharp energy resolution, high source luminosity and low background it may also be capable of testing certain theories of neutrino interactions beyond the standard model (SM). An example of a non-SM interaction are right-handed currents mediated by right-handed W bosons in the left-right symmetric model (LRSM). In this extension of the SM, an additional SU(2)R symmetry in the high-energy limit is introduced, which naturally includes sterile neutrinos and predicts the seesaw mechanism. In tritium β decay, this leads to an additional term from interference between left- and right-handed interactions, which enhances or suppresses certain regions near the endpoint of the beta spectrum. In this work, the sensitivity of KATRIN to right-handed currents is estimated for the scenario of a light sterile neutrino with a mass of some eV. This analysis has been performed with a Bayesian analysis using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). The simulations show that, in principle, KATRIN will be able to set sterile neutrino mass-dependent limits on the interference strength. The sensitivity is significantly increased if the Q value of the β decay can be sufficiently constrained. However, the sensitivity is not high enough to improve current upper limits from right-handed W boson searches at the LHC.

Are Elias 2-27's Spiral Arms Driven by Self-gravity, or by a Companion? A Comparative Spiral Morphology Study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Forgan, Duncan H.; Ilee, John D.; Meru, Farzana

2018-06-01

The spiral waves detected in the protostellar disk surrounding Elias 2-27 have been suggested as evidence of the disk being gravitationally unstable. However, previous work has shown that a massive, stable disk undergoing an encounter with a massive companion are also consistent with the observations. We compare the spiral morphology of smoothed particle hydrodynamic simulations modeling both cases. The gravitationally unstable disk produces symmetric, tightly wound spiral arms with constant pitch angle, as predicted by the literature. The companion disk’s arms are asymmetric, with pitch angles that increase with radius. However, these arms are not well-fitted by standard analytic expressions, due to the high disk mass and relatively low companion mass. We note that differences (or indeed similarities) in morphology between pairs of spirals is a crucial discriminant between scenarios for Elias 2-27, and hence future studies must fit spiral arms individually. If Elias 2-27 continues to show symmetric tightly wound spiral arms in future observations, then we posit that it is the first observed example of a gravitationally unstable protostellar disk.

ON THE PRAGMATICS OF SOCIAL THEORY: THE CASE OF ELIAS'S "ON THE PROCESS OF CIVILIZATION".

PubMed

DA Silva, Filipe Carreira; Bucholc, Marta

2016-09-01

This paper proposes a new approach to the study of sociological classics. This approach is pragmatic in character. It draws upon the social pragmatism of G. H. Mead and the sociology of texts of D. F. McKenzie. Our object of study is Norbert Elias's On the Process of Civilization. The pragmatic genealogy of this book reveals the importance of taking materiality seriously. By documenting the successive entanglements between human agency and nonhuman factors, we discuss the origins of the book in the 1930s, how it was forgotten for 30 years, and how in the mid-1970s it became a sociological classic. We explain canonization as a matter of fusion between book's material form and its content, in the context of the paperback revolution of the 1960s, the events of May 1968, and the demise of Parsons' structural functionalism, and how this provided Elias with an opportunity to advance his model of sociology. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Nure aerial gamma-ray and magnetic reconnaissance survey: Chugach/Yakutat area, Alaska, Mt. Saint Elias Quadrangle

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1978-10-01

Volume II contains the following data on Mt. Saint Elias, Alaska: geologic base map, flight path map, anomaly maps (U, Th, K, UlTh, UlK, ThlK), radiometric multiple-parameter stacked profiles, magnetic and ancillary profile data, and statistical data. (LK)

New Insights into Tectonics of the Saint Elias, Alaska, Region Based on Local Seismicity and Tomography

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ruppert, N. A.; Zabelina, I.; Freymueller, J. T.

2013-12-01

Saint Elias Mountains in southern Alaska are manifestation of ongoing tectonic processes that include collision of the Yakutat block with and subduction of the Yakutat block and Pacific plate under the North American plate. Interaction of these tectonic blocks and plates is complex and not well understood. In 2005 and 2006 a network of 22 broadband seismic sites was installed in the region as part of the SainT Elias TEctonics and Erosion Project (STEEP), a five-year multi-disciplinary study that addressed evolution of the highest coastal mountain range on Earth. High quality seismic data provides unique insights into earthquake occurrence and velocity structure of the region. Local earthquake data recorded between 2005 and 2010 became a foundation for detailed study of seismotectonic features and crustal velocities. The highest concentration of seismicity follows the Chugach-St.Elias fault, a major on land tectonic structure in the region. This fault is also delineated in tomographic images as a distinct contrast between lower velocities to the south and higher velocities to the north. The low-velocity region corresponds to the rapidly-uplifted and exhumed sediments on the south side of the range. Earthquake source parameters indicate high degree of compression and undertrusting processes along the coastal area, consistent with multiple thrust structures mapped from geological studies in the region. Tomographic inversion reveals velocity anomalies that correlate with sedimentary basins, volcanic features and subducting Yakutat block. We will present precise earthquake locations and source parameters recorded with the STEEP and regional seismic network along with the results of P- and S-wave tomographic inversion.

Elia Kazan's America America: A Message for America.

PubMed

Molofsky, Merle

2018-06-01

Elia Kazan's 1963 film, America America is a tribute to the immigrant experience of his own forebears, and has relevance to the refugee crisis of today. In stark black and white cinematography, the film provides insight into the refugee-immigrant experience, personified in Stavros, a young man longing for freedom, obsessed with an idealized America. His hope and innocence cannot safeguard him. His memories of his happy childhood and loving family create idealizing transferences to a world of others who manipulate and betray him as he undertakes his quest. Eventually he too learns to manipulate and betray, unconsciously identifying with the aggressor. History will offer ethical challenges, the black and white cinematography mirroring the black and white perception of good and bad, the shades of grey evoking a maturation of understanding.

Reduction in cryptosporidiosis associated with introduction of enhanced filtration of drinking water at Loch Katrine, Scotland.

PubMed

Pollock, K G J; Young, D; Robertson, C; Ahmed, S; Ramsay, C N

2014-01-01

Previous evidence has suggested an association between cryptosporidiosis and consumption of unfiltered drinking water from Loch Katrine in Scotland. Before September 2007, the water was only micro-strained and chlorinated; however, since that time, coagulation and rapid gravity filtration have been installed. In order to determine risk factors associated with cryptosporidiosis, including drinking water, we analysed data on microbiologically confirmed cases of cryptosporidiosis from 2004 to 2010. We identified an association between the incidence of cryptosporidiosis and unfiltered Loch Katrine drinking water supplied to the home (odds ratio 1.86, 95% confidence interval 1.11-3.11, P = 0.019). However, while filtration appears to be associated with initially reduced rates of cryptosporidiosis, evidence suggests it may paradoxically make those consumers more susceptible to other transmission routes in the long-term. These findings support implementation of similar treatment for other unfiltered drinking-water supplies, as a means of reducing cryptosporidiosis associated with drinking water.

Reconsidering Feminisms and the Work of Norbert Elias for Understanding Gender, Sport and Sport-Related Activities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mansfield, Louise

2008-01-01

This paper reconsiders the relationships between feminist perspectives and the figurational/process-sociological perspective of Norbert Elias for understanding gender, sport and sport-related activities. The main aim of the article is to respond to Colwell's claim that there are differences between feminist and figurational approaches to…

Status of the KATRIN experiment and prospects to search for keV-mass sterile neutrinos in tritium β-decay

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mertens, Susanne

In this contribution the current status and future perspectives of the Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) Experiment are presented. The prime goal of this single β-decay experiment is to probe the absolute neutrino mass scale with a sensitivity of 200 meV (90% CL). We discuss first results of the recent main spectrometer commissioning measurements, successfully verifying the spectrometer’s basic vacuum, transmission and background properties. We also discuss the prospects of making use of the KATRIN tritium source, to search for sterile neutrinos in the multi-keV mass range constituting a classical candidate for Warm Dark Matter. Due to the very high sourcemore » luminosity, a statistical sensitivity down to active-sterile mixing angles of sin² θ < 1 · 10⁻⁷ (90% CL) could be reached.« less

Status of the KATRIN experiment and prospects to search for keV-mass sterile neutrinos in tritium β-decay

DOE PAGES

Mertens, Susanne

2015-03-24

In this contribution the current status and future perspectives of the Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) Experiment are presented. The prime goal of this single β-decay experiment is to probe the absolute neutrino mass scale with a sensitivity of 200 meV (90% CL). We discuss first results of the recent main spectrometer commissioning measurements, successfully verifying the spectrometer’s basic vacuum, transmission and background properties. We also discuss the prospects of making use of the KATRIN tritium source, to search for sterile neutrinos in the multi-keV mass range constituting a classical candidate for Warm Dark Matter. Due to the very high sourcemore » luminosity, a statistical sensitivity down to active-sterile mixing angles of sin² θ < 1 · 10⁻⁷ (90% CL) could be reached.« less

Geologic map of the Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Reserve, Alaska

USGS Publications Warehouse

Richter, Donald H.; Preller, Cindi C.; Labay, Keith A.; Shew, Nora B.

2006-01-01

Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, the largest national park within the U.S. National Park Service system, extends from the northern Pacific Ocean to beyond the eastern Alaska Range into interior Alaska. It features impressively spectacular scenery such as high and craggy mountains, active and ancient volcanoes, expansive ice fields, immense tidewater glaciers, and a myriad of alpine glaciers. The park also includes the famous Kennecott Mine, a world-class copper deposit that was mined from 1911 to 1938, and remnant ghost town, which is now a National Historic Landmark. Geologic investigations encompassing Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve began in 1796, with Dmitriv Tarkhanov, a Russian mining engineer, who unsuccessfully ventured up the Copper River in search of rumored copper. Lieutenant H.T. Allen (1897) of the U.S. Army made a successful epic summer journey with a limited military crew up the Copper River in 1885, across the Alaska Range, and down the Tanana and Yukon Rivers. Allen?s crew was supported by a prospector named John Bremner and local Eyak and Ahtna native guides whose tribes controlled access into the Copper River basin. Allen witnessed the Ahtnas? many uses of the native copper. His stories about the copper prompted prospectors to return to this area in search of the rich copper ore in the years following his journey. The region boasts a rich mining and exploration history prior to becoming a park in 1980. Several U.S. Geological Survey geologists have conducted reconnaissance surveys in the area since Allen?s explorations. This map is the result of their work and is enhanced by more detailed investigations, which began in the late 1950s and are still continuing. For a better understanding of the processes that have shaped the geology of the park and a history of the geologic investigations in the area, we recommend U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1616, ?A Geologic Guide to Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park

Simulation of background from low-level tritium and radon emanation in the KATRIN spectrometers

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Leiber, B.; Collaboration: KATRIN Collaboration

The KArlsruhe TRItium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment is a large-scale experiment for the model independent determination of the mass of electron anti-neutrinos with a sensitivity of 200 meV/c{sup 2}. It investigates the kinematics of electrons from tritium beta decay close to the endpoint of the energy spectrum at 18.6 keV. To achieve a good signal to background ratio at the endpoint, a low background rate below 10{sup −2} counts per second is required. The KATRIN setup thus consists of a high luminosity windowless gaseous tritium source (WGTS), a magnetic electron transport system with differential and cryogenic pumping for tritium retention, andmore » electro-static retarding spectrometers (pre-spectrometer and main spectrometer) for energy analysis, followed by a segmented detector system for counting transmitted beta-electrons. A major source of background comes from magnetically trapped electrons in the main spectrometer (vacuum vessel: 1240 m{sup 3}, 10{sup −11} mbar) produced by nuclear decays in the magnetic flux tube of the spectrometer. Major contributions are expected from short-lived radon isotopes and tritium. Primary electrons, originating from these decays, can be trapped for hours, until having lost almost all their energy through inelastic scattering on residual gas particles. Depending on the initial energy of the primary electron, up to hundreds of low energetic secondary electrons can be produced. Leaving the spectrometer, these electrons will contribute to the background rate. This contribution describes results from simulations for the various background sources. Decays of {sup 219}Rn, emanating from the main vacuum pump, and tritium from the WGTS that reaches the spectrometers are expected to account for most of the background. As a result of the radon alpha decay, electrons are emitted through various processes, such as shake-off, internal conversion and the Auger deexcitations. The corresponding simulations were done using the

COMPUTATIONAL MODELING OF THE CLASS I LOW-MASS PROTOSTAR ELIAS 29 APPLYING OPTICAL CONSTANTS OF ICES PROCESSED BY HIGH ENERGY COSMIC RAY ANALOGS

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rocha, W. R. M.; Pilling, S., E-mail: willrobson88@hotmail.com, E-mail: sergiopilling@yahoo.com.br

2015-04-10

We present a study of the effects of high energy cosmic rays (CRs) over the astrophysical ices, observed toward the embedded class I protostar Elias 29, by using computational modeling and laboratory data. Its spectrum was observed with the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) covering 2.3–190 μm. The modeling employed the three-dimensional Monte Carlo radiative transfer code RADMC-3D and laboratory data of bombarded ice grains by CR analogs and unprocessed ices (not bombarded). We are assuming that Elias 29 has a self-irradiated disk with inclination i = 60.°0, surrounded by an envelope with a bipolar cavity. The results show that absorptionmore » features toward Elias 29 are better reproduced by assuming a combination between unprocessed astrophysical ices at low temperature (H{sub 2}O, CO, CO{sub 2}) and bombarded ices (H{sub 2}O:CO{sub 2}) by high energy CRs. Evidences of the ice processing around Elias 29 can be observed by the good fitting around 5.5–8.0 μm, by polar and apolar ice segregation in 15.15–15.25 μm, and by the presence of the CH{sub 4} and HCOOH ices. Given that non-nitrogen compounds were employed in this work, we assume that absorption around 5.5–8.0 μm should not be associated with the NH{sub 4}{sup +} ion (see the 2003 work of Shutte and Khanna ), but more probably with aliphatic ethers (e.g., R1-OCH{sub 2}-R2), CH{sub 3}CHO, and related species. The results obtained in this paper are important because they show that the environment around protostars is better modeled considering processed samples and, consequently, demonstrate the chemical evolution of the astrophysical ices.« less

Structure and Tectonics of the Saint Elias Orogen

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bruhn, R. L.; Pavlis, T. L.; Plafker, G.; Serpa, L.; Picornell, C.

2001-12-01

The Saint Elias orogen of western Canada and southern Alaska is a complex mountain belt formed by transform faulting and subduction between the Pacific and North American plates, and collision of the Yakutat terrane. The orogen is segmented into three regions of different structural style caused by lateral variations in transpression and processes of terrane accretion. Deformation is strain and displacement partitioned throughout the orogen; transcurrent motion is focused along discrete strike-slip faults, and shortening is distributed among reverse faults and folds with sub-horizontal axes. Plunging folds accommodate horizontal shortening and extension in the western part of the orogen. Segment boundaries extend across the Yakutat terrane where they coincide with the courses of huge piedmont glaciers that flow from the topographic backbone of the range onto the coastal plain. The eastern segment is marked by strike-slip faulting along the Fairweather transform fault and by a narrow belt of reverse faulting where the transpression ratio is 0.4:1 shortening to dextral shear. The transpression ratio is 1.7:1 in the central part of the orogen where a broad thin-skinned fold and thrust belt deforms the Yakutat terrane south of the Chugach-Saint Elias (CSE) suture. Dextral shearing is accommodated by strike-slip faulting beneath the Seward and Bagley glaciers in the hanging wall of the CSE suture, and partly by reverse faulting along a structural belt that cuts across the Yakutat terrane along the western edge of the Malaspina Glacier and links to the Pamplona fold and thrust belt offshore. Deformation along this segment boundary is probably also driven by vertical axis bending of the Yakutat microplate during collision. Subduction & accretion in the western segment of the orogen causes re-folding of previously formed structures when they are emplaced into the upper plate of the Alaska-Aleutian mega-thrust. Second phase folds plunge at moderate to steep angles and

Are bison exotic in the Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Peek, James M.; Miquelle, Dale G.; Wright, R. Gerald

1987-03-01

The effect of past distributions of animal populations now extinct in an area from unknown causes is considered relative to their status as exotic or native in national parks. The example is the bison (Bison bison) on the Copper and Chitina river drainages in Alaska in the USA which was introduced prior to establishment of Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve. The fossil record suggests that bison were present as recently as 500 years ago in Alaska. The policy of the US National Park Service to maintain natural ecosystems and restrict or eliminate exotic species raises the issue of whether this species should be treated as exotic or native.

Offshore Tectonics of the St. Elias Mountains: Insights from Ocean Drilling and Seismic Stratigraphy on the Yakutat Shelf

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Worthington, L. L.; Gulick, S. P. S.; Montelli, A.; Jaeger, J. M.; Zellers, S.; Walczak, M. H.; Mix, A. C.

2015-12-01

Ongoing collision of the Yakutat (YAK) microplate with North America (NA) in southern Alaska has driven orogenesis of the St. Elias Mountains and the advance of the offshore deformation front to the southeast. The offshore St. Elias fold-thrust belt records the complex interaction between collisional tectonics and glacial climate variability, providing insight for models of orogenesis and the evolution of glacial depocenters. Glacial erosion and deposition have provided sediment that constructed the upper continental shelf, much of which has been reincorporated into the orogenic wedge through offshore faulting and folding. We integrate core and downhole logging data from IODP Expedition 341 (Sites U1420 and U1421) drilled on the Yakutat shelf and slope with high-resolution and regional seismic profiles to investigate the coupled structural and stratigraphic evolution of the St. Elias margin. Site U1420 lies on the Yakutat shelf within the Bering Trough, a shelf-crossing trough that is within primary depocenter for Bering Glacier sediments. Two faults underlie the glacial packages and have been rendered inactive as the depositional environment has evolved, while faulting elsewhere on the shelf has initiated. Site U1421 lies on the current continental slope, within the backlimb of an active thrust that forms part of the modern YAK-NA deformation front. At each of these sites, we recovered glacigenic diamict (at depths up to ~1015 m at Site U1420), much of which is younger than 0.3 Ma. Age models within the trough indicated that initiation of active deformation away from the Bering Trough depocenter likely occurred since 0.3 Ma, suggesting that possible tectonic reorganization due to mass redistribution by glacial processes can occur at time scales on the order of 100kyr-1Myr.

High sedimentation rates and thrust fault modulation: Insights from ocean drilling offshore the St. Elias Mountains, southern Alaska

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Worthington, Lindsay L.; Daigle, Hugh; Clary, Wesley A.; Gulick, Sean P. S.; Montelli, Aleksandr

2018-02-01

The southern Alaskan margin offshore the St. Elias Mountains has experienced the highest recorded offshore sediment accumulation rates globally. Combined with high uplift rates, active convergence and extensive temperate glaciation, the margin provides a superb setting for evaluating competing influences of tectonic and surface processes on orogen development. We correlate results from Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 341 Sites U1420 and U1421 with regional seismic data to determine the spatial and temporal evolution of the Pamplona Zone fold-thrust belt that forms the offshore St. Elias deformation front on the continental shelf. Our mapping shows that the pattern of active faulting changed from distributed across the shelf to localized away from the primary glacial depocenter over ∼300-780 kyrs, following an order-of-magnitude increase in sediment accumulation rates. Simple Coulomb stress calculations show that the suppression of faulting is partially controlled by the change in sediment accumulation rates which created a differential pore pressure regime between the underlying, faulted strata and the overlying, undeformed sediments.

Norbert Elias's motion pictures: history, cinema and gestures in the process of civilization.

PubMed

Algazi, Gadi

2008-09-01

Norbert Elias's project in The process of civilization (1939) involved reconstructing invisible movement--both the slow tempoof long-term historical change and the modification of psychic structures and embodied dispositions. To do this, he resorted to uncommon devices: treating historical texts as constituting a series amenable to a rudimentary discourse analysis, he constructed an imagined 'curve of civilization' serving as an approximation of the hidden process of change. Elias's curve was not supposed to represent single past states, but movement itself, its direction and pace. This novel concept of historical representation was related to the perception of cinema as a new medium making actual movement visible. But beyond making it possible to imagine how one could telescope long-term historical process, cinema also held the promise of serving as a microscope, making the minute movements of the human body, gestures and manners available for close inspection. While anthropologists were devising ways of using the new medium to document fleeting gestures and bodily postures, it was used by popular audiences as a source for remodelling behaviour and acquiring polite manners and body techniques, as noticed by such acute observers as Marcel Mauss and Joseph Roth. Hence, popular appropriation of the cinema gave rise to a heightened awareness of the historicity of gestures and the changing modalities of their transmission. Cinema was itself part of the accelerated motion of history, of a perceived change of pace in the process of civilization, which in its turn shed light on its historical antecedents and played an essential role in rethinking the notion of civilization and culture.

The Windowless Gaseous Tritium Source (WGTS) of the KATRIN experiment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Heizmann, Florian; Seitz-Moskaliuk, Hendrik; KATRIN Collaboration

2017-09-01

The Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino Experiment (KATRIN) will perform a direct, kinematics-based measurement of the neutrino mass with a sensitivity of 200 meV (90 % C. L.), which will be reached after 3 years of measurement time. The neutrino mass is obtained by investigating the shape of the energy spectrum of tritium β-decay electrons close to the endpoint at 18.6 keV with a spectrometer of MAC-E filter type. This contribution reviews the current status of the tritium source cryostat and magnet system which is currently in its first cool-down phase. Furthermore, the next steps of the comprehensive pre-tritium measurement programme to characterise the apparatus and investigate important systematics are outlined. This work is supported by BMBF (05A14VK2) and the Helmholtz Association.

Composition and sources of atmospheric dusts in snow at 3200 meters in the St. Elias Range, southeastern Alaska, USA

USGS Publications Warehouse

Hinkley, T.K.

1994-01-01

Dusts in snow from the accumulation zone in the St. Elias Range appear from their chemical compositions to have come from terranes of rocks of ferromagnesian composition. These dusts, with respect to their composition and to the moderate degree of variation that occurs through a depositional year, are similar those deposited in Greenland. The high portion of the St. Elias Range is isolated from dominance by any local dust source terranes, because of altitude and the extent of the surrounding glacierized and snow-covered region. In Greenland the altitude is typically lower, but local sources are even less likely to dominate the character of the dusts deposited into the ice record there. The similar compositions and moderate compositional variations of dusts from these two places bear on the question of whether the dusts that are transported over long distances by the atmosphere under modern and glacial-period conditions are uniform and representative of a broad regional or even hemispheric background dust. The dusts in the snow were measured by means of a suite of major, minor, and trace rock-forming metals chosen to give information about rock types, their constituent minerals, degree of degradation (weathering), and energies of atmospheric uptake from source. The variations in amounts of rock dust through the year in the St. Elias Range snowpack have no time-stratigraphic correspondence to the also large variations in concentrations of other species that are not constituents of rock-derived dusts, such the anions chloride, sulfate, and nitrate; the highs and lows of the two types of materials are apparently completely independent. The structure revealed by the moderately fine-scale sampling of the present study (??? 10 increments/y) serves as a background for the interpretation of analysis of ice core samples, in which annual layers may be too compressed to permit analysis of sub-annual samples. ?? 1994.

Recent Exhumation in the Chugach, St. Elias, and Fairweather Ranges, Alaska

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Spotila, J. A.; Berger, A. L.; McAleer, R. J.

2006-12-01

The motion of the Yakutat block into North America has produced a band of crustal deformation that begins near the tip of the Aleutian megathrust, continues through the eastern Chugach Range and St. Elias Mountains, and wraps southeastward along the Fairweather transform. Because of the extreme climate of the southern Alaska margin, this oblique collision has developed under the intense action of glacial erosion for the past few million years. This makes this orogen suitable for investigating the nature of feedbacks between climate, tectonics, and topography. We have measured the spatial and temporal patterns of exhumation at scales of orogenic evolution using apatite (U-Th)/He dating. In conjunction with previously published (U-Th)/He and fission-track ages (O'Sullivan and Currie, 1996; O'Sullivan et al., 1997; Buscher et al., 2002; Spotila et al., 2004; Johnston, 2005; Meigs et al., 2006; Perry et al., 2006), our new low-temperature cooling ages are beginning to reveal patterns of vertical strain localization on individual structures and in climatic zones, as well as the balance between tectonic influx and erosional efflux in the orogen. Data obtained thus far form a rough bull's eye pattern of concentric rings of cooling ages in the core of the orogen that become older with distance away from focused exhumation near the bend in the plate boundary. A similar bull's eye of young ages occurs along the Fairweather Range southeast of the bend and continuing to Glacier Bay, such that the zone of rapid exhumation is actually boomerang in shape. This is surprising, given that geologic and geodetic data indicate the Fairweather fault is pure strike-slip. Uplift and exhumation of the Fairweather corridor instead implies plate motion is oblique, with a significant component of partitioned shortening. Further west within the core of the Yakutat collision, the youngest apatite helium ages, less than 1 Ma, occur in a band along the coast that extends westwards from Mt. St

Electron {sup 83}Rb/{sup 83m}Kr Source for the Energy Scale Monitoring in the KATRIN Experiment

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zboril, Miroslav; Nuclear Physics Institute of the ASCR, p. r. i., CZ-25068 Rez; Collaboration: KATRIN Collaboration

The KATRIN (KArlsruhe TRItium Neutrino) experiment investigates the endpoint region of the tritium {beta}-spectrum aiming for the sensitivity on the neutrino mass of 0.2 eV (90% C.L.). A spectrometer of the MAC-E filter (Magnetic Adiabatic Collimation with an Electrostatic filter) type will be used for a total time of at least 5 years. An unrecognized shift of the filtering potential would directly influence the resulting neutrino mass. To continuously monitor the filtering potential the high voltage (HV) will be simultaneously applied to an additional MAC-E filter spectrometer. In this monitor spectrometer suitable electron sources based on atomic/nuclear standards will bemore » utilized. As one of such monitoring tools the solid {sup 83}Rb/{sup 83m}Kr source is intended. It provides conversion electrons from {sup 83m}Kr(t{sub 1/2} = 1.83 h) which is continuously generated by {sup 83}Rb(t{sub 1/2}{approx_equal}86 d). The Calibration and Monitoring task of the KATRIN project demands the long-term energy stability {Delta}E/E of the K-32 conversion electron line (E = 17.8 keV, {Gamma} = 2.7 eV) of {+-}1.6 ppm/month.« less

Ice Surface Morphology and Flow on Malaspina Glacier, Alaska: Implications for Regional Tectonics in the Saint Elias Orogen

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cotton, Michelle M.; Bruhn, Ronald L.; Sauber, Jeanne; Burgess, Evan; Forster, Richard R.

2014-01-01

The Saint Elias Mountains in southern Alaska are located at a structural syntaxis where the coastal thrust and fold belt of the Fairweather plate boundary intersects thrust faults and folds generated by collision of the Yakutat Terrane. The axial trace of this syntaxis extends southeastward out of the Saint Elias Mountains and beneath Malaspina Glacier where it is hidden from view and cannot be mapped using conventional methods. Here we examine the surface morphology and flow patterns of Malaspina Glacier to infer characteristics of the bedrock topography and organization of the syntaxis. Faults and folds beneath the eastern part of the glacier trend northwest and reflect dextral transpression near the terminus of the Fairweather fault system. Those beneath the western part of the glacier trend northeast and accommodate folding and thrust faulting during collision and accretion of the Yakutat Terrane. Mapping the location and geometry of the structural syntaxis provides important constraints on spatial variations in seismicity, fault kinematics, and crustal shortening beneath Malaspina Glacier, as well as the position of the collisional deformation front within the Yakutat Terrane. We also speculate that the geometrical complexity of intersecting faults within the syntaxis formed a barrier to rupture propagation during two regional Mw 8.1earthquakes in September 1899.

Composition and sources of atmospheric dusts in snow at 3200 meters in the St. Elias Range, southeastern Alaska, USA

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hinkley, T.K.

1994-08-01

Dusts in snow from the accumulation zone in the St. Elias Range appear from their chemical compositions to have come from terranes of rocks of ferromagnesian composition. These dusts, with respect to their composition and to the moderate degree of variation that occurs through a depositional year, are similar to those deposited in Greenland. The high portion of the St. Elias Range is isolated from dominance by any local dust source terranes, because of altitude and the extent of the surrounding glacierized and snow-covered region. In Greenland the altitude is typically lower, but local sources are even less likely tomore » dominate the character of the dusts deposited into the ice record there. The similar compositions and moderate compositional variations of dusts from these two places bear on the question of whether the dusts that are transported over long distances by the atmosphere under modern and glacial-period conditions are uniform and representative of a broad regional or even hemispheric background dust. The dusts in the snow were measured by means of a suite of major, minor, and track rock-forming metals chosen to give information about rock types, their constituent minerals, degree of degradation (weathering), and energies of atmospheric uptake from source. The variations in amounts of rock dust through the year in the St. Elias Range snowpack have no time-stratigraphic correspondence to the also-large variations in concentrations of other species that are not constituents of rock-derived dusts, such the anions chloride, sulfate, and nitrate; the highs and lows of the two types of materials are apparently completely independent. The structure revealed by the moderately fine-scale sampling of the present study ([approximately]10 increments/y) serves as a background for the interpretation of analysis of ice core samples, in which annual layers may be too compressed to permit analysis of sub-annual samples.« less

M/V Elias explosion and fire at Fort Mifflin, Pa. , on 9 April 1974 with loss of life. Marine casualty report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1977-09-09

At approximately 10 P.M. on 9 April 1974 while the M/V ELIAS was in the process of completing the discharge of a full cargo of Bachaquero crude oil at the Atlantic Richfield Oil (ARCO) Terminal, Fort Mifflin, Pennsylvania on the Delaware River the vessel sustained a series of three massive explosions, burned and sank. Nine members of the crew and four visitors (relatives of the master) perished or are missing. The M/V ELIAS was a total loss and the SS EDWARD L. STEINGER and the ARCO Terminal sustained extensive damages. The report contains the U.S. Coast Guard Marine Board ofmore » Investigation report and the Action taken by the Commandant to determine the probable cause of the casualty and the recommendations to prevent recurrence. The Commandant concurred with the Marine Board that source, and location of the initial explosion cannot be determined. Evidence of internal explosion in the after pump room, the cofferdam in the number 3 starboard cargo tanks, and in several of the cargo tanks indicate a varied path of the explosions.« less

Mid-Pleistocene climate transition drives net mass loss from rapidly uplifting St. Elias Mountains, Alaska.

PubMed

Gulick, Sean P S; Jaeger, John M; Mix, Alan C; Asahi, Hirofumi; Bahlburg, Heinrich; Belanger, Christina L; Berbel, Glaucia B B; Childress, Laurel; Cowan, Ellen; Drab, Laureen; Forwick, Matthias; Fukumura, Akemi; Ge, Shulan; Gupta, Shyam; Kioka, Arata; Konno, Susumu; LeVay, Leah J; März, Christian; Matsuzaki, Kenji M; McClymont, Erin L; Moy, Chris; Müller, Juliane; Nakamura, Atsunori; Ojima, Takanori; Ribeiro, Fabiana R; Ridgway, Kenneth D; Romero, Oscar E; Slagle, Angela L; Stoner, Joseph S; St-Onge, Guillaume; Suto, Itsuki; Walczak, Maureen D; Worthington, Lindsay L; Bailey, Ian; Enkelmann, Eva; Reece, Robert; Swartz, John M

2015-12-08

Erosion, sediment production, and routing on a tectonically active continental margin reflect both tectonic and climatic processes; partitioning the relative importance of these processes remains controversial. Gulf of Alaska contains a preserved sedimentary record of the Yakutat Terrane collision with North America. Because tectonic convergence in the coastal St. Elias orogen has been roughly constant for 6 My, variations in its eroded sediments preserved in the offshore Surveyor Fan constrain a budget of tectonic material influx, erosion, and sediment output. Seismically imaged sediment volumes calibrated with chronologies derived from Integrated Ocean Drilling Program boreholes show that erosion accelerated in response to Northern Hemisphere glacial intensification (∼ 2.7 Ma) and that the 900-km-long Surveyor Channel inception appears to correlate with this event. However, tectonic influx exceeded integrated sediment efflux over the interval 2.8-1.2 Ma. Volumetric erosion accelerated following the onset of quasi-periodic (∼ 100-ky) glacial cycles in the mid-Pleistocene climate transition (1.2-0.7 Ma). Since then, erosion and transport of material out of the orogen has outpaced tectonic influx by 50-80%. Such a rapid net mass loss explains apparent increases in exhumation rates inferred onshore from exposure dates and mapped out-of-sequence fault patterns. The 1.2-My mass budget imbalance must relax back toward equilibrium in balance with tectonic influx over the timescale of orogenic wedge response (millions of years). The St. Elias Range provides a key example of how active orogenic systems respond to transient mass fluxes, and of the possible influence of climate-driven erosive processes that diverge from equilibrium on the million-year scale.

Mid-Pleistocene climate transition drives net mass loss from rapidly uplifting St. Elias Mountains, Alaska

PubMed Central

Jaeger, John M.; Mix, Alan C.; Asahi, Hirofumi; Bahlburg, Heinrich; Belanger, Christina L.; Berbel, Glaucia B. B.; Childress, Laurel; Cowan, Ellen; Drab, Laureen; Forwick, Matthias; Fukumura, Akemi; Ge, Shulan; Gupta, Shyam; Konno, Susumu; LeVay, Leah J.; März, Christian; McClymont, Erin L.; Moy, Chris; Müller, Juliane; Nakamura, Atsunori; Ojima, Takanori; Ribeiro, Fabiana R.; Ridgway, Kenneth D.; Romero, Oscar E.; Slagle, Angela L.; Stoner, Joseph S.; St-Onge, Guillaume; Suto, Itsuki; Walczak, Maureen D.; Worthington, Lindsay L.; Bailey, Ian; Enkelmann, Eva; Reece, Robert; Swartz, John M.

2015-01-01

Erosion, sediment production, and routing on a tectonically active continental margin reflect both tectonic and climatic processes; partitioning the relative importance of these processes remains controversial. Gulf of Alaska contains a preserved sedimentary record of the Yakutat Terrane collision with North America. Because tectonic convergence in the coastal St. Elias orogen has been roughly constant for 6 My, variations in its eroded sediments preserved in the offshore Surveyor Fan constrain a budget of tectonic material influx, erosion, and sediment output. Seismically imaged sediment volumes calibrated with chronologies derived from Integrated Ocean Drilling Program boreholes show that erosion accelerated in response to Northern Hemisphere glacial intensification (∼2.7 Ma) and that the 900-km-long Surveyor Channel inception appears to correlate with this event. However, tectonic influx exceeded integrated sediment efflux over the interval 2.8–1.2 Ma. Volumetric erosion accelerated following the onset of quasi-periodic (∼100-ky) glacial cycles in the mid-Pleistocene climate transition (1.2–0.7 Ma). Since then, erosion and transport of material out of the orogen has outpaced tectonic influx by 50–80%. Such a rapid net mass loss explains apparent increases in exhumation rates inferred onshore from exposure dates and mapped out-of-sequence fault patterns. The 1.2-My mass budget imbalance must relax back toward equilibrium in balance with tectonic influx over the timescale of orogenic wedge response (millions of years). The St. Elias Range provides a key example of how active orogenic systems respond to transient mass fluxes, and of the possible influence of climate-driven erosive processes that diverge from equilibrium on the million-year scale. PMID:26598689

[Social institutions and tempering of affects as "contraints" of social change. Norbert Elias' theory on the civilization theory in light of the biologic system theory of evolution].

PubMed

Weinich, Detlef

2005-01-01

This study is to be regarded as a contribution to interdisciplinary research and represents an attempt to clarify the question of whether and to what extent concepts that have been developed in the field of theoretical biology and which have a high degree of importance here can also be applied to sociological phenomena. In particular it is intended to examine the question of whether the civilizing process can be adequately treated using the evolutionary concept of "Constraints". This term, which has only recently been introduced into the discussion by PERE ALBERCH as an evolutionary factor, comprises all of the internal factors which influence the further course of the evolution of a system by ruling out certain possibilities, thus showing a limiting effect. Although "Constraints" go beyond the scope of Darwinian teachings about selection by the environment, they are increasingly accepted today as evolution factors by well-known exponents of Darwinian theory (cf. MAYNARD-SMITH 1985). The increase in popularity of "constraints" is also an expression of the rediscovery of a phenomenon which was originally expressed by RUPERT RIEDL and was introduced by him into German literature in the seventies. In the clarification of this question, special reference is made to the "theory of the civilizing process" by NORBERT ELIAS, since here a highly respected scholar has presented an important sociological theory. Moreover, there is such good scientific access to ELIAS because this author exemplifies his theses in historical terms and thus to a certain extent makes his explanations verifiable in scientific terms. In the treatment of this topic, the central terms and theses of ELIAS will be presented from the considerable scope of his work, and then illustrated with the help of several selected historical case studies. Furthermore, reference will be made at the relevant points to parallels and analogies which the works of ELIAS have to other, predominantly system

The Western Chugach-St. Elias Orogen, Alaska: Strain Partitioning and the Effect of Glacial Erosion

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Berger, A. L.; Spotila, J. A.

2006-12-01

The ongoing collision between the Yakutat terrane and the North American plate in southeastern Alaska's St. Elias orogen is a modern analog for the tectonic processes which produced, and shaped, much of the Cordillera. With convergence rates comparable to that of the Himalaya (>4 cm/yr), a young and dynamic zone of thin-skinned interplate deformation has constructed the highest coastal relief on Earth, and given rise to the second and third highest peaks in North America (5,959 and 5,489 m). The orogen receives upwards of 4 m precipitation annually, has been heavily glaciated for the last 5 Ma, and contains some of the fastest short-term erosion rates known. Over the last few years, evidence has steadily mounted that within such tectonic settings, climate and tectonics exist as a coupled system (i.e. Taiwan and Nanga Parbat). Our ongoing research, aimed at quantifying spatial patterns in exhumation rate as well as the location of active structures within the western half of the St. Elias orogen, bolsters this new paradigm. Bedrock ([U-Th]/He) cooling ages in apatite show that exhumation is currently focused on the windward side of the orogen. Time- averaged, long-term, exhumation rates near the coast are generally ~2-3 mm/yr, versus <0.5 mm/yr on the leeward side of the range. However, the rapid exhumation rates along the windward flank are not spatially uniform with the highest rates measured thus far >~5.5 mm/yr (0.4 Ma cooling age) situated near the Bering and Steller Glaciers. This locus of exhumation could reflect a redistribution of strain by focused erosion beneath these large outlet glaciers. Yet, the structural mechanism of this focused strain is still speculative. Pairs of helium ages spanning the foot-wall and hanging-wall of the Chugach-St. Elias thrust, the suture between the North American plate and colliding Yakutat terrane, imply that the thrust became inactive at some time between 2 and 5 Ma. Because of the coincidence in timing between this

A tritium activity monitor for the KATRIN Experiment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schmitt, Udo

2008-06-01

The KArlsruhe TRItium Neutrino experiment KATRIN is designed to measure the absolute neutrino mass scale by analyzing the endpoint region of the tritium beta-decay spectrum with a sensitivity of 0.2 eV/c2 (90 % C.L.). A high-luminous windowless gaseous tritium source with an activity of 1.7 · 1011 Bq will produce the decay electrons, their energy spectrum will be analyzed by a combination of two electrostatic retarding spectrometers with magnetic adiabatic collimation (MAC-E-filter). Fluctuations of the source column density and inelastic scattering processes within the source affect the energy distribution of the decay electrons. Hence, a precise and continuous monitoring of the source activity is necessary to correct the data taken by the main detector. A prototype of the beam monitor detector, based on a silicon drift diode, has been developed to measure an expected counting rate in the range of 106/(s · mm2). The detector element shall be moveable across the complete beam in a magnetic field of 0.8 T, resulting in a beam diameter of 20 cm. A precise sensor positioning device has been designed and built to be compatible with the primary beamline vacuum of 10-11 mbar.

Interplay between climatic and tectonic processes in the St. Elias foreland, southern Alaska: Evolution of a glaciated convergent margin since the mid-Pleistocene

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Worthington, L. L.; Gulick, S. P.; Ridgway, K. R.; Jaeger, J. M.; Cowan, E. A.; Slagle, A. L.; Forwick, M.

2013-12-01

The offshore St. Elias fold-thrust belt records the complex interaction between collisional tectonics and glacial climate variability, providing insight for models of orogenesis and the evolution of glacial depocenters. Ongoing collision of the Yakutat (YAK) microplate with North America (NA) has driven orogenesis of the St. Elias Mountains and the advance of the offshore deformation front to the southeast. Glacial erosion and deposition have provided sediment that constructed the upper continental shelf, much of which has been reincorporated into the orogenic wedge through offshore faulting and folding. We integrate core and downhole logging data from IODP Expedition 341 (Sites U1420 and U1421) drilled on the Yakutat shelf and slope with high-resolution and regional seismic profiles to investigate the coupled structural and stratigraphic evolution of the St. Elias margin. Site U1420 lies on the Yakutat shelf within the Bering Trough, a shelf-crossing trough that is within primary depocenter for Bering Glacier sediments. The sub-seafloor architecture of the Bering Trough region is defined by a regional unconformity that marks the first glacial advance to the shelf edge. Below the unconformity, the shelf is constructed by multiple aggradational packages that are likely a series of pro-glacial outer shelf/slope fans. Two faults underlie the glacial packages and have been rendered inactive as the depositional environment has evolved, while faulting elsewhere on the shelf has initiated. Site U1421 lies on the current continental slope, within the backlimb of an active thrust that forms part of the modern YAK-NA deformation front. At each of these sites, we recovered glacigenic diamict (at depths up to ~1015 m at Site U1420), all of which is younger than 0.781 Ma. Preliminary age models for the Bering Trough region indicate that the entire outer shelf and shelf edge environment have been built since the Mid-Pleistocene Transition (MPT), and is possibly even younger. In

Mercury in fishes from Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve, Alaska

USGS Publications Warehouse

Kowalski, Brandon M.; Willacker, James J.; Zimmerman, Christian E.; Eagles-Smith, Collin A.

2014-01-01

In this study, mercury (Hg) concentrations were examined in fishes from Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve, Alaska, the largest and one of the most remote units in the national park system. The goals of the study were to (1) examine the distribution of Hg in select lakes of Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve; (2) evaluate the differences in Hg concentrations among fish species and with fish age and size; and (3) assess the potential ecological risks of Hg to park fishes, wildlife, and human consumers by comparing Hg concentrations to a series of risk benchmarks. Total Hg concentrations ranged from 17.9 to 616.4 nanograms per gram wet weight (ng/g ww), with a mean (± standard error) of 180.0 ±17.9 across the 83 individuals sampled. Without accounting for the effects of size, Hg concentrations varied by a factor of 10.9 across sites and species. After accounting for the effects of size, Hg concentrations were even more variable, differing by a factor of as much as 13.2 within a single species sampled from two lakes. Such inter-site variation suggests that site characteristics play an important role in determining fish Hg concentrations and that more intensive sampling may be necessary to adequately characterize Hg contamination in the park. Size-normalized Hg concentrations also differed among three species sampled from Tanada Lake, and Hg concentrations were strongly correlated with age. Furthermore, potential risks to park fish, wildlife, and human users were variable across lakes and species. Although no fish from two of the lakes studied (Grizzly Lake and Summit Lake) had Hg concentrations exceeding any of the benchmarks used, concentrations in Copper Lake and Tanada Lake exceeded conservative benchmarks for bird (90 ng/g ww in whole-body) and human (150 ng/g ww in muscle) consumption. In Tanada Lake, concentrations in most fishes also exceeded benchmarks for risk to moderate- and low-sensitivity avian consumers (180 and 270 ng/g ww in

Spatial and temporal development of exhumation at the St. Elias syntaxis in the Yakutat-North American subduction-collision zone, SE Alaska

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Falkowski, Sarah; Enkelmann, Eva; Pfänder, Jörg; Drost, Kerstin; Stübner, Konstanze; Ehlers, Todd

2015-04-01

Since the Mesozoic, the western North American margin has been built by the subduction-collision of several terranes. Currently, the 15-30 km thick, wedge-shaped oceanic plateau of the Yakutat microplate collides obliquely with North America at the bend of the southern Alaskan margin forming the Chugach-St. Elias Mountains. Glaciation of this orogen started 6-5 Ma and efficient glacial erosion has been reported over different timescales. Particularly rapid and deep exhumation occurs at the St. Elias syntaxis, where the plate boundary bends and the tectonic regime transitions from transpression to convergence and flat-slab subduction. This region comprises the highest topography and is almost completely covered by the Seward-Malaspina and Hubbard-Valerie glacial systems. Very young detrital zircon fission-track exhumation ages (<5 Ma, closure temperature of 250±40 °C) from glacial outwash sand led to speculations about the underlying geodynamic mechanisms and comparisons to processes occurring at the Himalayan syntaxes. The comparison of bedrock and detrital thermochronology shows that the youngest cooling ages, and hence the highest exhumation rates, only occur in low-elevation, ice-covered valleys in the St. Elias syntaxis area. We now further investigate this area concerning its spatial and temporal development. Zircon fission-track age distributions derived from 46 glacio-fluvial sand samples confine the area of rapid and deep exhumation on the resolution of catchments to an ~4800 km2 area on the North American Plate around the St. Elias syntaxis. To overcome the shortcoming of a decreased resolution of the provenance signal of sand, we present 22 new crystallization ages of cobble-sized detritus from the Seward-Malaspina Glacier. Zircon U-Th/He ages of the cobbles demonstrate that they originate from below the ice and their provenance is analyzed based on their petrographic information and zircon U/Pb data (30.8±0.8 to 277.1±7 Ma, 2σ). Furthermore, we

Environmental geochemical studies of selected mineral deposits in Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve, Alaska

USGS Publications Warehouse

Eppinger, Robert G.; Briggs, Paul H.; Rosenkrans, Danny; Ballestrazze, Vanessa

2000-01-01

Environmental geochemical investigations at Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve, Alaska, between 1994 and 1997 included studies of the Kennecott stratabound copper mines and mill area; historic mines and mill in the Bremner District, gold placer mines at Gold Hill; the undisturbed porphyry, Cu-Mo deposits at Orange Hill and Bond Creek, and the historic mines and mill at Nabesna, The study was in cooperation with the National Park Service and focused on sample media including surface water, bedload sediment, rock, mine waste, and mill tailings samples. Results demonstrate that bedrock geology and mineral deposit type must be considered when environmental geochemical effects of historic or active mine areas are evaluated.

A geologic guide to Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, Alaska; a tectonic collage of northbound terranes

USGS Publications Warehouse

Winkler, Gary R.; with contributions by MacKevett, E. M.; Plafker, George; Richter, D.H.; Rosenkrans, D.S.; Schmoll, H.R.

2000-01-01

Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, the largest unit in the U.S. National Park System, encompasses near 13.2 million acres of geological wonderments. This geologic guide presents history of exploration and Earth-science investigation; describes the complex geologic makeup; characterizes the vast college of accretion geologic terranes in this area of Alaska's continental margin; recapitulates the effects of earthquakes, volcanoes, and glaciers; characterizes the copper and gold resources of the parklands; and describes outstanding locales within the park and preserve area. A glossary of geologic terms and a categorized list of additional sources of information complete this report.

Crustal Structure of the Yakutat Microplate: New Parameters for Understanding the Evolution of the Chugach-St.Elias Orogeny

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Worthington, L. L.; Christeson, G. L.; van Avendonk, H. J.; Gulick, S. P.

2009-12-01

We present results of a 2008 marine seismic reflection/refraction survey acquired as part of the St. Elias Erosion and Tectonics Project (STEEP), a multi-disciplinary NSF-Continental Dynamics project aimed at tectonic-climate interaction, structural evolution and geodynamics in the Chugach-St. Elias orogen. The Chugach-St.Elias orogen is the result of flat-slab subduction and collision of the Yakutat (YAK) microplate with North Amercian (NA) on the southern Alaska margin during the last ~10Ma. A fundamental goal of STEEP is to address controversy related to the deep crustal structure of the YAK block itself, describe its offshore structural relationships and constrain its buoyancy in order to understand the orogenic driver. Marine seismic reflection profiles acquired across the offshore YAK microplate provide the first regional images of the top of the subducting YAK basement. The basement reflector is observed near the seafloor at the Dangerous River Zone (DRZ) and is overlain by up to 12 km of sediments near Kayak Island, resulting in a basement dip of ~3° in the direction of subduction. The basement reflector also shallows near the shelf-edge adjacent to the Transition Fault, the YAK-Pacific boundary. These observations are indicative of an overall regional basement tilt towards the NA continent. Two coincident wide-angle refraction profiles constrain YAK crustal thickness between 30-35km, >20km thicker than normal oceanic crust, and lower crustal velocities potentially >7km/s. Crustal velocity and thickness are comparable to the Kerguelen oceanic plateau and the Siletz terrane. These results are the first direct observations in support of the oceanic plateau theory for the origin of the YAK microplate. Crustal velocity and structure are continuous across the DRZ on the YAK shelf, which is historically described as a vertical boundary between continental crust on the east and oceanic basement on the west. Instead, we observe a gradual shallowing of elevated

World heritage site - Bien du Patrimoine Mondial - Kluane/Wrangell-St. Elias/Glacier Bay/Tatshenshini-Alsek

USGS Publications Warehouse

Labay, Keith A.; Wilson, Frederic H.

2004-01-01

The four parks depicted on this map make up a single World Heritage Site that covers 24.3 million acres. Together, they comprise the largest internationally protected land-based ecosystem on the planet. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) established the World Heritage Program in 1972 for the identification and protection of the world?s irreplaceable natural and cultural resources. World Heritage Sites are important as storehouses of memory and evolution, as anchors for sustainable tourism and community, and as laboratories for the study and understanding of the earth and culture. This World Heritage Site protects the prominent mountain ranges of Kluane, Wrangell, Saint Elias, and Chugach. It includes many of the tallest peaks on the continent, the world's largest non-polar icefield, extensive glaciers, vital watersheds, and expanses of dramatic wilderness. [Les quatre parcs figurant sur cette carte ne constituent qu?un seul site du patrimoine mondial recouvrant plus de 99 millions de km2, ce qui en fait le plus grand ecosysteme terrestre protege par loi internationale. En 1972, L?UNESCO (l?organisation des Nations Unies pour les sciences, l'education et la culture) a etabli le programme du patrimoine mondial afin d?identifier et de proteger les ressources naturelles et culturelles irremplacables de notre plan?te. Si les sites du patrimoine mondial sont si importants c'est parce qu'ils representent a la fois des livres ouverts sur l?histoire de la Terre, le point de depart du tourisme durable et du developpement des collectivites, des laboratoires pour etudier et comprendre la nature et la culture. Ce site du patrimoine mondial assure la protection des chaines de montagnes de Kluane, Wrangell, Saint Elias, et Chugach. On y trouve plusieurs des plus hauts sommets du continent, le plus grand champ de glace non-polaire du monde, d?immenses glaciers, des bassins hydrologiques essentiels, et de la nature sauvage a perte de vue.

Interim report on the St. Elias, Alaska earthquake of 28 February 1979

USGS Publications Warehouse

Lahr, John C.; Plafker, George; Stephens, C.D.; Foglean, K.A.; Blackford, M.E.

1979-01-01

On 28 February 1979 an earthquake with surface wave magnitude (Ms) of 7.7 (W. Person, personal communication, 1979) occurred beneath the Chugach and St. Elias mountains of southern Alaska (fig. 1). This is a region of complex tectonics resulting from northwestward convergence between the Pacific and North American plates. To the east, the northwest-trending Fairweather fault accommodates the movement with dextral slip of about 5.5 cm/yr (Plafker, Hudson, and others, 1978); to the west, the Pacific plate underthrusts Alaska at the Aleutian trench, which trends southwestward (Plafker 1969). The USGS has operated a telemetered seismic network in southern Alaska since 1971 and it was greatly expanded along the eastern Gulf of Alaska in September 1974. The current configuration of stations is shown in Figure 9. Technical details of the network are available in published earthquake catalogs (Lahr, Page, and others, 1974; Fogleman, Stephens, and others, 1978). Preliminary analysis of the data from this network covering the time period September 1, 1978 through March 10, 1979, as well as worldwide data for the main shock will be discussed in this paper.

Detrital zircon fission track analysis reveals the thermotectonic history of ice-covered rocks of the Chugach-St. Elias orogen, SE-Alaska

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Enkelmann, E.; Garver, J. I.; Pavlis, T. L.; Bruhn, R. L.; Chapman, J. B.

2007-12-01

Investigating the exhumation history of the Chugach-St. Elias orogen (SE Alaska) using low-temperature thermochronometers is challenged by significant ice cover. Assuming exhumation drove cooling, cooling ages increase with elevation in an orogenic belt, and as such the youngest ages occur in valley bottoms. Cooling and exhumation rates are expected to be very high in the Chugach-St. Elias orogen due to efficient glacial erosion and the most intense erosion occurs under the major ice fields. To study the cooling history of rapidly exhuming rocks underneath this ice cover, we analyzed detrital zircon fission track (DZFT) ages of Recent sand samples from modern rivers that drain the central Bagley Ice field and smaller glaciers draining north (Chitina valley) and south (Pacific) of the mountain range. A distinct advantage of DZFT is that it allows one to sample a landscape regardless of accessibility. The youngest ZFT component populations of samples north and south of the Bagley Ice field record a Late Miocene (5-13 Ma) cooling of the orogen. The pattern of cooling ages shows symmetry across the orogen predates the earliest record of the collision of the Yakutat terrane with Alaska. This result contrasts with the asymmetric cooling pattern displayed by low- temperature thermochronological ages (AFT and AHe) of the exposed bedrock within the range. Apatite FT and U- Th/He ages of bedrock samples south of the Bagley Ice field record the syn-collisional (<5 Ma) fast exhumation whereas apatite ages to the north reveal more heterogeneous exhumation and vary widely from Miocene to Eocene. The bedrock samples from throughout the orogenic belt thus display predominantly the effects of the recent climatic situation of the mountain range with very high precipitation on the south, seaward side versus a more arid north side. Our ZFT results from the northern drainages highlight the relative sense and timing of two important fault zones, both accommodate south-side-up exhumation

Is the spiral morphology of the Elias 2-27 circumstellar disc due to gravitational instability?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hall, Cassandra; Rice, Ken; Dipierro, Giovanni; Forgan, Duncan; Harries, Tim; Alexander, Richard

2018-06-01

A recent Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observation of the Elias 2-27 system revealed a two-armed structure extending out to ˜300 au in radius. The protostellar disc surrounding the central star is unusually massive, raising the possibility that the system is gravitationally unstable. Recent work has shown that the observed morphology of the system can be explained by disc self-gravity, so we examine the physical properties of the disc necessary to detect self-gravitating spiral waves. Using three-dimensional smoothed particle hydrodynamics, coupled with radiative transfer and synthetic ALMA imaging, we find that observable spiral structure can only be explained by self-gravity if the disc has a low opacity (and therefore efficient cooling), and is minimally supported by external irradiation. This corresponds to a very narrow region of parameter space, suggesting that, although it is possible for the spiral structure to be due to disc self-gravity, other explanations, such as an external perturbation, may be preferred.

Interactions between pre-main-sequence objects and molecular clouds. I. Elias 1-12

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Levreault, R.M.

1983-02-15

Line profiles of the CO( J = 1 ..-->.. 0), CO( J = 2 ..-->.. 1), /sup 13/CO( J = 1 ..-->.. 0), /sup 13/CO( J = 2 ..-->.. 1), HCO/sup +/( J = 1 ..-->.. 0), and HCO/sup +/( J = 3 ..-->.. 2) transitions have been observed toward the FU Orionis star Elias 1-12. The CO profiles show broad asymmetric line wings, while the /sup 13/CO and HCO/sup +/ profiles show weaker wings. The ratios of various transitions in the line wings are a powerful probe of the physical conditions in the kinematically disturbed gas that produces themore » broad wings. The disturbed gas extends over 0.3 pc and has a total mass of 1.2 M/sub sun/. Its kinetic temperature, as derived from CO( J = 2 ..-->.. 1)/CO( J = 1 ..-->.. 0) and /sup 13/CO( J = 2 ..-->.. 1)//sup 13/CO( J = 1 ..-->.. 0) ratios, is low, only 7-15 K. This temperature, when combined with the HCO/sup 1/( J = 3 ..-->.. 2)/HCO/sup +/( J = 1 ..-->.. 0) ratio, gives a density estimate of 10/sup 6/-10/sup 7/ cm/sup -3/. The HCO/sup +/ abundance in the disturbed gas seems to be normal or somewhat enhanced, in contradiction to theoretical expectations.« less

Collisional Tectonics of the Saint Elias Orogen, Alaska, Observed by GPS

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Elliott, J. L.; Freymueller, J. T.; Larsen, C. F.

2005-12-01

The Saint Elias orogen of south central Alaska and the adjacent area of Canada is the highest coastal mountain range on earth, with peaks that exceed 6000 meters in elevation. It is located in the complex transition zone between transform motion along the Queen Charlotte-Fairweather fault system and subduction along the Aleutian Megathrust. The Yakutat terrane lies in the gap between the end of the Megathrust and the end of the transform system. Roughly 4 cm/yr of convergence is accommodated within the continental crust, onshore and possibly offshore, as the Yakutat terrane collides with southern Alaska. This collision provides the driving force behind the stunning topographic relief of the orogen. As part of the STEEP project designed to unravel the tectonic complexities of this region, we made GPS measurements at 47 sites in south central Alaska during the summer of 2005. Here we present results from 13 campaign GPS sites that had prior measurements. The span of measurements at these campaign sites range from one to twelve years. All of the sites show northwestward motion and uplift. The highest amounts of uplift occur at several coastal sites near Icy Bay where average rates surpass 24 mm/yr. Further north, sites along the Bagley Icefield display an average uplift rate of about 20 mm/yr. A significant portion of this uplift is caused by the melting of regional icefields and the redistribution of mass in large glacier systems such as the Bering Glacier. We also examine the impact of the Denali Fault earthquake on the rates of motion in this area.

Crustal structure of the St. Elias Mountains region, southern Alaska, from regional earthquakes and ambient noise tomography

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ruppert, N. A.; Stachnik, J. C.; Hansen, R. A.

2011-12-01

STEEP (SainT Elias TEctonics and Erosion Project) is a multi-disciplinary research project that took place in southern Alaska between 2005 and 2010. An important component of this undertaking was installation and operation of a dense array of 22 broadband seismometers to augment and improve the existing regional seismic network in the St. Elias Mountains. This allowed for a lower detection threshold and better accuracy for local seismicity and also provided a rich dataset of teleseismic recordings. While the seismic stations were designed to transmit the data in real time, due to harsh weather and difficult terrain conditions some data were recorded only on site and had to be post-processed months and years later. Despite these difficulties, the recorded dataset detected and located regional earthquakes as small as magnitude 0.5 in the network core area. The recorded seismicity shows some clear patterns. A majority of the earthquakes are concentrated along the coast in a distributed area up to 100 km wide. The coastal seismicity can be further subdivided into 3 distinct clusters: Icy Bay, Bering Glacier, and the Copper River delta. This coastal seismicity is abutted by a somewhat aseismic zone that roughly follows the Bagley Ice Field. Farther inland another active region of seismicity is associated with the Denali Fault system. All this seismicity is concentrated in the upper 25 km of the crust. The only region where earthquakes as deep as 100 km occur is beneath the Wrangell volcanoes in the northwestern corner of the study area. The earthquake focal mechanisms are predominately reverse, with some areas of strike-slip faulting also present. The seismicity patterns and faulting mechanisms indicate a high concentration of thrust faulting in the coastal region. The ambient noise cross correlations from the stations in the STEEP region reveal Rayleigh wave packets with good signal-to-noise ratios yielding well-defined interstation phase velocity dispersion curves

Architecture, kinematics, and exhumation of a convergent orogenic wedge: A thermochronological investigation of tectonic-climatic interactions within the central St. Elias orogen, Alaska

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Berger, Aaron L.; Spotila, James A.; Chapman, James B.; Pavlis, Terry L.; Enkelmann, Eva; Ruppert, Natalia A.; Buscher, Jamie T.

2008-06-01

The kinematics and architecture of orogenic systems along the leading edges of accreting terranes may be heavily influenced by climate, but little research has been devoted to the long-term effects of glacial erosion on orogenesis. Here we use low-temperature apatite and zircon (U-Th)/He and fission-track thermochronometry, along with subsidiary structural relationships and seismicity, to develop a new architectural model of the St. Elias orogen in southern Alaska, which is one of the best examples of a glaciated orogenic wedge worldwide. These data illustrate that the orogen consists of a deformational backstop on the leeward flank and a rapidly deforming and eroding, thin-skinned fold and thrust belt on the windward flank. A structure beneath the Bagley ice field separates these distinct deformational domains, which we propose is a backthrust that makes the orogen doubly-vergent. Thermochronometry within the orogenic wedge suggests that denudation and deformation are strongly influenced by glacial erosion. Long-term exhumation, at rates of up to 4 mm/yr, is concentrated within a narrow zone along the windward flank, where glacier equilibrium lines intersect the orogenic wedge. The onset of enhanced glaciation also coincided with a marked acceleration in exhumation across the orogenic wedge, accelerated backthrust motion, and a major shift in deformation away from the North American-Yakutat terrane suture (Chugach St. Elias fault). We propose that accelerated glacial erosion forced the redistribution of strain along the backthrust and an en echelon array of forethrusts that lie beneath the zone of heaviest glaciation, which in turn are systematically truncated by the backthrust. This focusing of deformation matches predictions from analytical models of orogenic wedges and implies a high degree of coupling between climate and tectonics in this glacially-dominated orogen.

Erosional Reduction of an Orogenic Wedge: Structural Response to Neogene Climate Change within the St. Elias Orogen, Alaska

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Berger, A. L.; Spotila, J. A.; Chapman, J. B.; Pavlis, T. L.; Enkelmann, E.; Buscher, J. T.

2007-12-01

The kinematics and architecture of orogenic systems may be heavily influenced by climate, but little research has focused on the long term effects of glacial erosion on orogenesis. Apatite and zircon (U-Th)/He thermochronometry on >75 bedrock samples across the St. Elias orogen, one of the best examples of a glaciated orogenic wedge, is the basis for a new kinematic model and demonstrates an association between glacial denudation and orogenic architecture. The spatial pattern of low temperature cooling indicates that exhumation and deformation are focused within a thin-skinned fold and thrust belt on the windward flank, whereas the leeward flank of the orogen functions as a deformational backstop. A previously unrecognized structure beneath the Bagley ice field must separate these domains with south-side-up motion. We propose this structure is a backthrust making the orogen doubly-vergent. Suggestive of accelerated backthrust motion in response to climate change, cooling rates within the hanging wall block and across the entire windward flank of the orogen accelerated ten-fold coeval with enhanced glaciation. As backthrust motion increased, glacial unroofing also coincided with a regional shift in deformation away from prominent forethrusts including the North American-Yakutat terrane suture (Chugach St. Elias fault) and the seaward deformation front (Pamplona zone). Across the windward flank of the orogen, exhumation, at rates of up to 5 mm/yr, is focused within a narrow zone, where the glacial equilibrium line altitude (ELA) intersects the orogenic wedge. This zone of rapid exhumation, not present prior to the onset of enhanced glaciation, cuts across the structural trend of the orogen and is more narrowly focused than orographic precipitation. Accelerated denudation at the ELA thus appears to have redistributed strain along a series of forethrusts that lie at the zone of heaviest glacial flux, while the backthrust progressively truncates the southward

Exhumation at orogenic indentor corners under long-term glacial conditions: Example of the St. Elias orogen, Southern Alaska

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Spotila, James A.; Berger, Aaron L.

2010-07-01

Syntaxial bends in convergent plate boundaries, or indentor corners, display some of the most intriguing deformation patterns on Earth and are type localities for "aneurysms" of coupled erosion, thermal weakening, and strain. The St. Elias orogen in Alaska is a small, young convergent system that has been dominated by a glacial climate for much of its history and exhibits two prominent indentor corners that are not well understood. We have added 40 new apatite (U-Th)/He ages to the already extensive dataset for the low-temperature cooling history of this orogen to constrain the pattern of exhumation in these indentor corners. Ages from the western syntaxis show minor variation across the structural hinge, suggesting that the bend has little effect on the pattern of exhumation and that structures, including the Bagley fault, connect smoothly from the orogen core to the subduction zone to the southwest. Rock uplift on the north flank of the range appears to increase steadily towards the eastern syntaxis, which represents the apex in the right-angle bend between a transform fault in the south and the collision zone in the west. Based on age-elevation relationships, zones of relative rock uplift can be defined in which the Mt. Logan massif, or the area just north of the eastern syntaxis, experienced ˜ 4.8 km greater rock uplift than background levels northwest of the western syntaxis. A bulge in relative rock uplift is symmetric about the hinge in the eastern indentor corner. However, rates of denudation in this bulge are not as rapid as the core of the fold and thrust belt and are lower than those implied by detrital cooling ages from beneath the Seward Glacier. This implies that a large bull's eye of ultra-rapid (˜ 5 mm/yr) exhumation does not occur and that the subpopulation of young detrital ages may be sourced from a narrow transpressional zone along the Fairweather fault. Unlike the Himalayan syntaxes, it thus appears that an aneurysm of coupled erosion

The anomalous 3.43 and 3.53 micron emission features toward HD 97048 and Elias 1 - C-C vibrational modes of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons?

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schutte, W. A.; Tielens, A. G. G. M.; Allamandola, L. J.; Wooden, D. H.; Cohen, M.

1990-01-01

The 5-8 micron spectra obtained toward the two protostellar sources, HD 97048 and Elias 1 exhibit strong anomalous emission features at 3.43 and 3.53 microns. Combining these results with earlier data established that the emission in the general IR features is extended on at least a 20-arcsec scale. In view of the high energy density in the emission zone, as well as the apparent correspondence of the anomalous 3.43 and 3.53 micron features with weak emission shoulders associated with the general family of IR emission bands, an explanation for these observations in terms of C-C overtones and combination tones of large or dehydrogenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is judged to be provisionally suitable.

The anomalous 3. 43 and 3. 53 micron emission features toward HD 97048 and Elias 1 - C-C vibrational modes of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Schutte, W.A.; Tielens, A.G.G.M.; Allamandola, L.J.

1990-09-01

The 5-8 micron spectra obtained toward the two protostellar sources, HD 97048 and Elias 1 exhibit strong anomalous emission features at 3.43 and 3.53 microns. Combining these results with earlier data established that the emission in the general IR features is extended on at least a 20-arcsec scale. In view of the high energy density in the emission zone, as well as the apparent correspondence of the anomalous 3.43 and 3.53 micron features with weak emission shoulders associated with the general family of IR emission bands, an explanation for these observations in terms of C-C overtones and combination tones ofmore » large or dehydrogenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is judged to be provisionally suitable. 62 refs.« less

Summer habitat selection by Dall’s sheep in Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve, Alaska

USGS Publications Warehouse

Roffler, Gretchen H.; Adams, Layne G.; Hebblewhite, Mark

2017-01-01

Sexual segregation occurs frequently in sexually dimorphic species, and it may be influenced by differential habitat requirements between sexes or by social or evolutionary mechanisms that maintain separation of sexes regardless of habitat selection. Understanding the degree of sex-specific habitat specialization is important for management of wildlife populations and the design of monitoring and research programs. Using mid-summer aerial survey data for Dall’s sheep (Ovis dalli dalli) in southern Alaska during 1983–2011, we assessed differences in summer habitat selection by sex and reproductive status at the landscape scale in Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve (WRST). Males and females were highly segregated socially, as were females with and without young. Resource selection function (RSF) models containing rugged terrain, intermediate values of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and open landcover types best explained resource selection by each sex, female reproductive classes, and all sheep combined. For male and all female models, most coefficients were similar, suggesting little difference in summer habitat selection between sexes at the landscape scale. A combined RSF model therefore may be used to predict the relative probability of resource selection by Dall’s sheep in WRST regardless of sex or reproductive status.

Geosphere - Cryosphere Interactions in the Saint Elias orogen, Alaska and Yukon (Invited)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bruhn, R. L.; Sauber, J. M.; Forster, R. R.; Cotton, M. M.

2009-12-01

North America's largest alpine and piedmont glaciers occur in the Saint Elias orogen, where microplate collision together with the transition from transform faulting to subduction along the North American plate boundary, create extreme topographic relief, unusually high annual precipitation by orographic lift, and crustal displacements induced by both tectonic and glacio-isostatic deformation. Lithosphere-scale structure dominates the spatial pattern of glaciation; the piedmont Bering and Agassiz-Malaspina glaciers lay along deeply eroded troughs where reverse faults rise from the underlying Aleutian megathrust. The alpine Seward and Bagley Ice Valley glaciers flow along an early Tertiary plate boundary that has been reactivated by reverse faulting, and also by dextral shearing at the NW end of the Fairweather transform fault. Folding above a crustal-scale fault ramp near Icy Bay localizes orographic uplift of air masses, creating alpine glaciers that spill off the highlands into large ice falls, and rapidly dissect evolving structure by erosion. The rate and orientation of ice surface velocities, and the location of crevassing and folding partly reflect changes in basal topography of the glaciers caused by differential erosion of strata, and juxtaposition of variably oriented structures across faults. The effects of basal topography on ice flow are investigated using remote sensing measurements and analog models of glacier flow over uneven topography. Deformation of the ice in turn affects englacial hydrology and sub-ice fluvial systems, potentially impacting ice mass balance, on-set of surging, and loci of glacier quakes. The glaciers impact tectonics by localizing uplift and exhumation within the orogen, and modulating tectonic stress fields as ice masses wax and wane. This is particularly evident in crustal seismicity rates at annual to decadal time scales, while stratigraphy of coastal terraces record both earthquake deformation and glacial isostasy over

Tectonic Processes Along the Southeastern Margin of Alaska - The Neogene Sedimentary Record: Yakataga Formation, St. Elias Mountains

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Witmer, J. W.; Ridgway, K. D.; Brennan, P. R.; Arnaud, E.; Pavlis, T.

2008-12-01

Neogene collision of the Yakutat microplate with the southern Alaskan continental margin is associated with extreme rates of exhumation and erosion of the St. Elias Mountains. The exhumation and the concurrent development of temperate glaciers are recorded in the ~5000 m of sedimentary strata of the Yakataga Formation. We present new data from measured stratigraphic sections that document along-strike and temporal changes within the Yakataga Formation along this collisional margin during Miocene to Pleistocene time. In the eastern part of our study area, the Yakataga Formation consists of lenticular sandstone and conglomerate facies associated with fan-delta depositional environments that are overlain by thick-bedded glaciomarine strata. These strata grade to finer-grained sandstone and convoluted mudstone typical of marine shelf environments in the central part of our study area. Along strike in the westernmost part of our study area the Yakataga Formation is interpreted to be laterally equivalent to Neogene strata of the Redwood Formation. These strata include thick-bedded, macrofossil-rich sandstone, well-rounded conglomerate, and thin-bedded mudstone facies that are characteristic of nearshore and shelf depositional environments. These sediments were likely sourced by fluvial systems along the continental margin that served as the backstop for Neogene collision. Preliminary compositional data also suggest that the Redwood Formation was derived from a different source than the Yakataga Formation. Along-strike changes in structural configuration of the Yakataga Formation are also observed. In the easternmost part of our study area adjacent to the Dangerous River zone (DRZ), a possible remnant strike-slip fault system, unconformities between the Yakataga Formation and underlying strata require erosion of 1000s of meters of missing Eocene-Miocene strata. We interpret this part of the mountain range to have undergone the greatest amount of Neogene exhumation. In the

Preliminary body-wave analysis of the St. Elias, Alaska, earthquake of February 28, 1979

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Boatwright, J.

1980-04-01

Employing a new technique for the body-wave analysis of shallow-focus earthquakes, we have made a preliminary analysis of the St. Elias, Alaska, earthquake of February 28, 1979, using five long-period P and S waves recorded at three WWSSN stations and at Palisades, New York. Using a well determined focal mechanism and an average source depth of approx. = 11 km, the interference of the depth phases (i.e., pP and sP, or sS) has been deconvolved from the recorded pulse shapes to obtain velocity and displacement pulse shapes as they would appear if the earthquake had occurred within an infinite medium.more » These approximate whole space pulse shapes indicate that the rupture contained three distinct subevents as well as a small initial event which preceded this subevent sequence by about 7 sec. From the pulse rise times of the subevents, their rupture lengths are estimated as 12, 27, and 17 km, assuming that the subevent rupture velocity was 3 km/sec. Overall, the earthquake ruptured approx. = 60 km to the southeast with an average rupture velocity of 2.2 km/sec. The cumulative body-wave moment for the whole event, 1.2 x 10/sup 27/ dyne-cm, is substantially smaller than the surface-wave moments reported by Lahr et al. (1979) of 5 x 10/sup 27/ dyne-cm. The moments of the subevents are estimated to be 0.6, 3.2, and 7.5 x 10/sup 26/ dyne-cm, respectively.« less

keV-Scale sterile neutrino sensitivity estimation with time-of-flight spectroscopy in KATRIN using self-consistent approximate Monte Carlo

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Steinbrink, Nicholas M. N.; Behrens, Jan D.; Mertens, Susanne; Ranitzsch, Philipp C.-O.; Weinheimer, Christian

2018-03-01

We investigate the sensitivity of the Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino Experiment (KATRIN) to keV-scale sterile neutrinos, which are promising dark matter candidates. Since the active-sterile mixing would lead to a second component in the tritium β-spectrum with a weak relative intensity of order sin ^2θ ≲ 10^{-6}, additional experimental strategies are required to extract this small signature and to eliminate systematics. A possible strategy is to run the experiment in an alternative time-of-flight (TOF) mode, yielding differential TOF spectra in contrast to the integrating standard mode. In order to estimate the sensitivity from a reduced sample size, a new analysis method, called self-consistent approximate Monte Carlo (SCAMC), has been developed. The simulations show that an ideal TOF mode would be able to achieve a statistical sensitivity of sin ^2θ ˜ 5 × 10^{-9} at one σ , improving the standard mode by approximately a factor two. This relative benefit grows significantly if additional exemplary systematics are considered. A possible implementation of the TOF mode with existing hardware, called gated filtering, is investigated, which, however, comes at the price of a reduced average signal rate.

The St. Elias orogen as an early stage in the development of indentor corners: Initial results from the STEEP project

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pavlis, T. L.; Bruhn, R. L.; Koons, P.; Berger, A.; Spotila, J.; Barker, A.; Chapman, J.; Doser, D.; Pavlis, G.

2006-12-01

The actively deforming St. Elias orogen of southern Alaska is developed at the transition between the Aleutian trench and the Queen Charlottes transform, and has produced a "one sided" indentor corner as the collided block has been carried obliquely into the subduction-transform transition. A distinctive feature generated within this evolving corner is a 90o bend in the suture at the western edge of the orogen that is associated with a refolding of earlier thin-skinned fold-thrust systems in the collided block. The refolding is recognizable in the area between the bent suture and a major glacial valley, the Bering Glacier, but is absent to the east. Bruhn et al. (2004, GSAB) used this observation to infer an active structure along the Bering Glacier, and speculated that the refolding may be active. New data collected as part of the St. Elias Erosion and tectonics Project (STEEP) provides support for this hypothesis from two observations: 1) clear evidence that many of the hundreds of surface ruptures in this region represent fault-scarps-- probably representing fold-related, bedding- plane slip during refolding; and 2) extremely young (locally <500Ka) U-Th-He apatite cooling ages just west of the Bering Glacier are consistent with the hypothesis of an active structure along the glacial valley. However, young cooling ages to the east of the Bering Glacier as well as geomorphology suggest that at least one of the fold-thrust belt structures is also active, indicating that the interplay of active faults is complex. Additional support for active deformation along the Bering Glacier comes from the spatial distribution of seismicity between the Bering Glacier and Bagley icefield and these observations should be further constrained as data are obtained from the new STEEP broadband seismic network in the area. Analog (sand) and numerical models suggest that this type of feature can originate as the indentor is driven into the corner through a variable vertical axis

Iceberg calving as a primary source of regional‐scale glacier‐generated seismicity in the St. Elias Mountains, Alaska

USGS Publications Warehouse

O'Neel, Shad; Larsen, Christopher F.; Rupert, Natalia; Hansen, Roger

2010-01-01

Since the installation of the Alaska Regional Seismic Network in the 1970s, data analysts have noted nontectonic seismic events thought to be related to glacier dynamics. While loose associations with the glaciers of the St. Elias Mountains have been made, no detailed study of the source locations has been undertaken. We performed a two-step investigation surrounding these events, beginning with manual locations that guided an automated detection and event sifting routine. Results from the manual investigation highlight characteristics of the seismic waveforms including single-peaked (narrowband) spectra, emergent onsets, lack of distinct phase arrivals, and a predominant cluster of locations near the calving termini of several neighboring tidewater glaciers. Through these locations, comparison with previous work, analyses of waveform characteristics, frequency-magnitude statistics and temporal patterns in seismicity, we suggest calving as a source for the seismicity. Statistical properties and time series analysis of the event catalog suggest a scale-invariant process that has no single or simple forcing. These results support the idea that calving is often a response to short-lived or localized stress perturbations. Our results demonstrate the utility of passive seismic instrumentation to monitor relative changes in the rate and magnitude of iceberg calving at tidewater glaciers that may be volatile or susceptible to ensuing rapid retreat, especially when existing seismic infrastructure can be used.

Loess origin, transport, and deposition over the past 10,000 years, Wrangell-St. Elias National Park, Alaska

USGS Publications Warehouse

Muhs, Daniel R.; Budahn, James R.; McGeehin, John P.; Bettis, E. Arthur; Skipp, Gary L.; Paces, James B.; Wheeler, Elisabeth A.

2013-01-01

Contemporary glaciogenic dust has not received much attention, because most research has been on glaciogenic dust of the last glacial period or non-glaciogenic dust of the present interglacial period. Nevertheless, dust from modern glaciogenic sources may be important for Fe inputs to primary producers in the ocean. Adjacent to the subarctic Pacific Ocean, we studied a loess section near Chitina, Alaska along the Copper River in Wrangell-St. Elias National Park, where dust has been accumulating over the past ∼10,000 years. Mass accumulation rates for the fine-grained (<20 μm) fraction of this loess section are among the highest reported for the Holocene of high-latitude regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Based on mineralogy and geochemistry, loess at Chitina is derived from glacial sources in the Wrangell Mountains, the Chugach Mountains, and probably the Alaska Range. Concentrations of Fe in the silt-plus-clay fraction of the loess at Chitina are much higher than in all other loess bodies in North America and higher than most loess bodies on other continents. The very fine-grained (<2 μm) portion of this sediment, capable of long-range transport, is dominated by Fe-rich chlorite, which can yield Fe readily to primary producers in the ocean. Examination of satellite imagery shows that dust from the Copper River is transported by wind on a regular basis to the North Pacific Ocean. This Alaskan example shows that high-latitude glaciogenic dust needs to be considered as a significant Fe source to primary producers in the open ocean.

Hydrologic conditions and hazards in the Kennicott River basin, Wrangell-St. Elias National Park Preserve, Alaska

USGS Publications Warehouse

Rickman, R.L.; Rosenkrans, D.S.

1997-01-01

McCarthy, Alaska, is on the Kennicott River, about 1 mile from the terminus of Kennicott Glacier in the Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve. Most visitors to McCarthy and the park cross the West Fork Kennicott River using a hand-pulled tram and cross the East Fork Kennicott River on a temporary footbridge. Outburst floods from glacier-dammed lakes result in channel erosion, aggradation, and migration of the Kennicott River, which disrupt transportation links, destroy property, and threaten life. Hidden Creek Lake, the largest of six glacier-dammed lakes in the Kennicott River Basin, has annual outbursts that cause the largest floods on the Kennicott River. Outbursts from Hidden Creek Lake occur from early fall to mid-summer, and lake levels at the onset of the outbursts have declined between 1909 and 1995. Criteria for impending outbursts for Hidden Creek Lake include lake stage near or above 3,000 to 3,020 feet, stationary or declining lake stage, evidence of recent calving of large ice blocks from the ice margin, slush ice and small icebergs stranded on the lakeshore, and fresh fractures in the ice-margin region. The lower Kennicott Glacier has thinned and retreated since about 1860. The East and West Fork Kennicott River channels migrated in response to changes in the lower Kennicott Glacier. The largest channel changes occur during outburst floods from Hidden Creek Lake, whereas channel changes from the other glacier-dammed lake outbursts are small. Each year, the West Fork Kennicott River conveys a larger percentage of the Kennicott Glacier drainage than it did the previous year. Outburst floods on the Kennicott River cause the river stage to rise over a period of several hours. Smaller spike peaks have a very rapid stage rise. Potential flood magnitude was estimated by combining known maximum discharges from Hidden Creek Lake and Lake Erie outburst floods with a theoretical large regional flood. Flood hazard areas at the transportation corridor were

Variation of the stable isotopes of water with altitiude in the Saint Elias Mountains of Canada

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Holdsworth, G.; Fogarasi, S.; Krouse, H.R.

1991-04-20

The stable isotopes of water, measured in melt samples taken from snow pits and cores at locations between 1,750- and 5,930-m altitude on Mount Logan and between 2,900 and 4,900 m on Mount Steele, in the Saint Elias Mountains, Yukon, show a distinctive altitudinal distribution. Several {delta}{sup 18}O and {delta}D versus altitude profiles indicate the general persistence of a nearly iso-{delta} step, or staircase structure, separating a lower region of altitude dependent isotopic fractionation between 1,750 and 3,350 m from another apparent frictionation sequence appearing above about 5,300 m. On the one hand, postdepositional changes to isotope ratios in snowmore » at different altitudes may cause distortions to an otherwise nearly monotonic isotope fractionation sequence, but the main anomaly appears to be far too large to be explained this way. On the other hand, an explanation linked to processes occuring in the lower and midtroposphere is based on established meteorological principles as well as on upper air data. This hypothesis is proposed as the primary one to explain the gross features of the observed isotope profiles. It is compatible with the concept of secondary-source moisture arriving via the upper troposphere, and it does not exclude the effects of postdepositional stratigraphic and stable isotope ratio changes. Over interannual time scales, any vertical modulation of the observed isotope-altitude structure, from, for example, changes in wind regime, would give rise to an additional signal in any ice core {delta} time series. These findings identify a potential difficulty in the interpretation of stable isotope records obtained from high mountain ice core sites. It is possible that the results may have application to atmospheric circulation modeling, where the effects of extreme topography are being studied.« less

Testing Models of Modern Glacial Erosion of the St. Elias Mountains, Alaska Using Marine Sediment Provenance

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Penkrot, M. L.; Jaeger, J. M.; Loss, D. P.; Bruand, E.

2015-12-01

The glaciated coastal St. Elias Range in Alaska is a primary site to examine climate-tectonic interactions. Work has primarily focused on the Bering-Bagley and Malaspina-Seward ice fields, utilizing detrital and bedrock zircon and apatite geochronology to examine local exhumation and glacial erosion (Berger et al., 2008; Enkelmann et al., 2009; Headly et al., 2013). These studies argue for specific regions of tectonically focused or climatically widespread glacial erosion. Analyzed zircon and apatite grains are sand size, however glacial erosion favors the production of finer-grained sediments. This study focuses on the geochemical provenance of the silt-size fraction (15-63μm) of surface sediments collected throughout the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) seaward of the Bering and Malaspina glaciers to test if the exhumation patterns observed in zircon and apatites are also applicable for the silt size fraction. Onshore bedrock Al-normalized elemental data were used to delineate sediment sources, and a subset of provenance-applicable elements was chosen. Detrital thermochronologic data suggest that sediment produced by the Bagley/Bering system is derived from bedrock on the windward side with input from the Chugach Metamorphic Complex (CMC) underlying the Bagley only during glacial surge events (Headly et al., 2013). Geochemical observations of GOA silt deposited during the 1994-95 surge event confirm input of CMC sediment (elevated in Cr, Ni, Sc, Sr, depleted in Hf, Pb and Rb relative to Kultieth and Poul Creek formations). We also observe a windward-side sediment source (Kultieth and Poul Creek). It is hypothesized that the sediment carried by the Malaspina is primarily from CMC rock underlying the Seward ice field mixed with Yakataga formation rock that underlies the Seward throat (Headly et al., 2013). Geochemical observations of GOA silt support this hypothesis.

ALMA Observations of Elias 2–24: A Protoplanetary Disk with Multiple Gaps in the Ophiuchus Molecular Cloud

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cieza, Lucas A.; Casassus, Simon; Pérez, Sebastian; Hales, Antonio; Cárcamo, Miguel; Ansdell, Megan; Avenhaus, Henning; Bayo, Amelia; Bertrang, Gesa H.-M.; Cánovas, Hector; Christiaens, Valentin; Dent, William; Ferrero, Gabriel; Gamen, Roberto; Olofsson, Johan; Orcajo, Santiago; Osses, Axel; Peña-Ramirez, Karla; Principe, David; Ruíz-Rodríguez, Dary; Schreiber, Matthias R.; van der Plas, Gerrit; Williams, Jonathan P.; Zurlo, Alice

2017-12-01

We present ALMA 1.3 mm continuum observations at 0\\buildrel{\\prime\\prime}\\over{.} 2 (25 au) resolution of Elias 2–24, one of the largest and brightest protoplanetary disks in the Ophiuchus Molecular Cloud, and we report the presence of three partially resolved concentric gaps located at ∼20, 52, and 87 au from the star. We perform radiative transfer modeling of the disk to constrain its surface density and temperature radial profile and place the disk structure in the context of mechanisms capable of forming narrow gaps such as condensation fronts and dynamical clearing by actively forming planets. In particular, we estimate the disk temperature at the locations of the gaps to be 23, 15, and 12 K (at 20, 52, and 87 au, respectively), very close to the expected snowlines of CO (23–28 K) and N2 (12–15 K). Similarly, by assuming that the widths of the gaps correspond to 4–8× the Hill radii of forming planets (as suggested by numerical simulations), we estimate planet masses in the range of 0.2{--}1.5 {M}{Jup}, 1.0{--}8.0 {M}{Jup}, and 0.02{--}0.15 {M}{Jup} for the inner, middle, and outer gap, respectively. Given the surface density profile of the disk, the amount of “missing mass” at the location of each one of these gaps (between 4 and 20 {M}{Jup}) is more than sufficient to account for the formation of such planets.

Transient Deformation Patterns in Response to Quaternary Glacial Advance-Retreat Across the Offshore St. Elias Mountains, southern Alaska

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Worthington, L. L.; Clary, W. A.; Daigle, H.; Koons, P. O.; Gulick, S. P. S.; Jaeger, J. M.

2016-12-01

The southern Alaska margin, home to the St. Elias Mountains, the highest coastal mountain range on Earth experiencing the highest erosion rates on Earth, provides a superb setting for evaluating competing influences of rheological and climate control on orogen development. Previous studies have recognized this potential, but conclusions were limited due to the absence of information on the time-dependent behavior of climate and rheological processes. These limitations can now be surpassed due to 1) the recent availability of high-precision age constraints on the structural and stratigraphic evolution of offshore sediments and structures and 2) geotechnical information on the extent of dewatering and related spatial changes in the material properties of these sediments. We correlate emerging results from Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 341 Sites U1420 and U1421 with regional seismic data across the continental shelf and slope to determine the spatial and temporal evolution of thrusting in response to Yakutat-North American convergence. Our mapping shows that the pattern of faulting changed from distributed across the shelf to highly localized away from the primary glacial depocenter over the course of one glacial cycle. Core samples suggest that the glacially derived sediment is overpressured, with pore pressures possibly reaching >90% of lithostatic stress. Elevated pore pressures develop rapidly in response to focused glaciomarine sedimentation, in addition to direct ice loading, and may induce a transient state of wedge reorganization manifested as a change in localization of deformation. This relationship suggests that the additive response of pore pressure variations over glacial cycles throughout the Pleistocene and Holocene result in constant reorganization of deformation style and location.

ELIGULUM-A Regulates Lateral Branch and Leaf Development in Barley1[OPEN

PubMed Central

Haaning, Allison; Bilgic, Hatice

2018-01-01

The shoot apical and axillary meristems control shoot development, effectively influencing lateral branch and leaf formation. The barley (Hordeum vulgare) uniculm2 (cul2) mutation blocks axillary meristem development, and mutant plants lack lateral branches (tillers) that normally develop from the crown. A genetic screen for cul2 suppressors recovered two recessive alleles of ELIGULUM-A (ELI-A) that partially rescued the cul2 tillering phenotype. Mutations in ELI-A produce shorter plants with fewer tillers and disrupt the leaf blade-sheath boundary, producing liguleless leaves and reduced secondary cell wall development in stems and leaves. ELI-A is predicted to encode an unannotated protein containing an RNaseH-like domain that is conserved in land plants. ELI-A transcripts accumulate at the preligule boundary, the developing ligule, leaf margins, cells destined to develop secondary cell walls, and cells surrounding leaf vascular bundles. Recent studies have identified regulatory similarities between boundary development in leaves and lateral organs. Interestingly, we observed ELI-A transcripts at the preligule boundary, suggesting that ELI-A contributes to boundary formation between the blade and sheath. However, we did not observe ELI-A transcripts at the axillary meristem boundary in leaf axils, suggesting that ELI-A is not involved in boundary development for axillary meristem development. Our results show that ELI-A contributes to leaf and lateral branch development by acting as a boundary gene during ligule development but not during lateral branch development. PMID:29440592

Geochemical data for environmental studies of mineral deposits at Nabesna, Kennecott, Orange Hill, Bond Creek, Bremner, and Gold Hill, Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve, Alaska

USGS Publications Warehouse

Eppinger, R.G.; Briggs, P.H.; Rosenkrans, D.S.; Ballestrazze, Vanessa; Aldir, Jose; Brown, Z.A.; Crock, J.G.; d'Angelo, W. M.; Doughten, M.W.; Fey, D.L.; Hageman, P.L.; Hopkins, R.T.; Knight, R.J.; Malcolm, M.J.; McHugh, J.B.; Meier, A.L.; Motooka, J.M.; O'Leary, R. M.; Roushey, B.H.; Sultley, S.J.; Theodorakos, P.M.; Wilson, S.A.

1999-01-01

Environmental geochemical investigations were carried out between 1994 and 1997 in Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve (WRST), Alaska. Mineralized areas studied include the historic Nabesna gold mine/mill and surrounding areas; the historic Kennecott copper mill area and nearby Bonanza, Erie, Glacier, and Jumbo mines; the historic mill and gold mines in the Bremner district; the active gold placer mines at Gold Hill; and the unmined copper-molybdenum deposits at Orange Hill and Bond Creek. The purpose of the study was to determine the extent of possible environmental hazards associated with these mineralized areas and to establish background and baseline levels for selected elements. Thus, concentrations of a large suite of trace elements were determined to assess metal loadings in the various sample media collected. This report presents the methodology, analytical results, and sample descriptions for water, leachate, sediment, heavy-mineral concentrate, rock, and vegetation (willow) samples collected during these geochemical investigations. An interpretive U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper incorporating these geochemical data will follow.

Tectonic processes during oblique collision: Insights from the St. Elias orogen, northern North American Cordillera

USGS Publications Warehouse

Pavlis, T.L.; Picornell, C.; Serpa, L.; Bruhn, R.L.; Plafker, G.

2004-01-01

Oblique convergence in the St. Elias orogen of southern Alaska and northwestern Canada has constructed the world's highest coastal mountain range and is the principal driver constructing all of the high topography in northern North America. The orogen originated when the Yakutat terrane was excised from the Cordilleran margin and was transported along margin-parallel strike-slip faults into the subduction-transform transition at the eastern end of the Aleutian trench. We examine the last 3 m.y. of this collision through an analysis of Euler poles for motion of the Yakutat microplate with respect to North America and the Pacific. This analysis indicates a Yakutat-Pacific pole near the present southern triple junction of the microplate and' predicts convergence to dextral-oblique convergence across the offshore Transition fault, onland structures adjacent to the Yakutat foreland, or both, with plate speeds increasing from 10 to 30 mm/yr from southeast to northwest. Reconstructions based on these poles show that NNW transport of the collided block into the NE trending subduction zone forced contraction of EW line elements as the collided block was driven into the subduction-transform transition. This suggests the collided block was constricted as it was driven into the transition. Constriction provides an explanation for observed vertical axis refolding of both earlier formed fold-thrust systems and the collisional suture at the top of the fold-thrust stack. We also suggest that this motion was partially accommodated by lateral extrusion of the western portion of the orogen toward the Aleutian trench. Important questions remain regarding which structures accommodated parts of this motion. The Transition fault may have accommodated much of the Yakutat-Pacific convergence on the basis of our analysis and previous interpretations of GPS-based geodetic data. Nonetheless, it is locally overlapped by up to 800 m of undeformed sediment, yet elsewhere shows evidence of young

Analyzing the impacts of off-road vehicle (ORV) trails on watershed processes in Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve, Alaska.

PubMed

Arp, Christopher D; Simmons, Trey

2012-03-01

Trails created by off-road vehicles (ORV) in boreal lowlands are known to cause local impacts, such as denuded vegetation, soil erosion, and permafrost thaw, but impacts on stream and watershed processes are less certain. In Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve (WRST), Alaska, ORV trails have caused local resource damage in intermountain lowlands with permafrost soils and abundant wetlands and there is a need to know whether these impacts are more extensive. Comparison of aerial photography from 1957, 1981, and 2004 coupled with ground surveys in 2009 reveal an increase in trail length and number and show an upslope expansion of a trail system around points of stream channel initiation. We hypothesized that these impacts could also cause premature initiation and headward expansion of channels because of lowered soil resistance and greater runoff accumulation as trails migrate upslope. Soil monitoring showed earlier and deeper thaw of the active layer in and adjacent to trails compared to reference sites. Several rainfall-runoff events during the summer of 2009 showed increased and sustained flow accumulation below trail crossings and channel shear forces sufficient to cause headward erosion of silt and peat soils. These observations of trail evolution relative to stream and wetland crossings together with process studies suggest that ORV trails are altering watershed processes. These changes in watershed processes appear to result in increasing drainage density and may also alter downstream flow regimes, water quality, and aquatic habitat. Addressing local land-use disturbances in boreal and arctic parklands with permafrost soils, such as WRST, where responses to climate change may be causing concurrent shifts in watershed processes, represents an important challenge facing resource managers.

Can one measure the Cosmic Neutrino Background?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Faessler, Amand; Hodák, Rastislav; Kovalenko, Sergey; Šimkovic, Fedor

The Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) yields information about our Universe at around 380,000 years after the Big Bang (BB). Due to the weak interaction of the neutrinos with matter, the Cosmic Neutrino Background (CNB) should give information about a much earlier time of our Universe, around one second after the BB. Probably, the most promising method to “see” the CNB is the capture of the electron neutrinos from the Background by Tritium, which then decays into 3He and an electron with the energy of the the Q-value = 18.562keV plus the electron neutrino rest mass. The “KArlsruhe TRItium Neutrino” (KATRIN) experiment, which is in preparation, seems presently the most sensitive proposed method for measuring the electron antineutrino mass. At the same time, KATRIN can also look by the reaction νe(˜ 1.95K) +3H →3He + e-(Q = 18.6keV + m νec2). The capture of the Cosmic Background Neutrinos (CNB) should show in the electron spectrum as a peak by the electron neutrino rest mass above Q. Here, the possibility to see the CNB with KATRIN is studied. A detection of the CNB by KATRIN seems not to be possible at the moment. But KATRIN should be able to determine an upper limit for the local electron neutrino density of the CNB.

Can one measure the Cosmic Neutrino Background?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Faessler, Amand; Hodák, Rastislav; Kovalenko, Sergey; Šimkovic, Fedor

The Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) yields information about our Universe at around 380,000 years after the Big Bang (BB). Due to the weak interaction of the neutrinos with matter, the Cosmic Neutrino Background (CNB) should give information about a much earlier time of our Universe, around one second after the BB. Probably, the most promising method to "see" the CNB is the capture of the electron neutrinos from the Background by Tritium, which then decays into 3He and an electron with the energy of the the Q-value = 18.562 keV plus the electron neutrino rest mass. The "KArlsruhe TRItium Neutrino" (KATRIN) experiment, which is in preparation, seems presently the most sensitive proposed method for measuring the electron antineutrino mass. At the same time, KATRIN can also look by the reaction νe(˜1.95K) + 3H → 3He + e-(Q = 18.6keV + mνec2). The capture of the Cosmic Background Neutrinos (CNB) should show in the electron spectrum as a peak by the electron neutrino rest mass above Q. Here, the possibility to see the CNB with KATRIN is studied. A detection of the CNB by KATRIN seems not to be possible at the moment. But KATRIN should be able to determine an upper limit for the local electron neutrino density of the CNB.

Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor: More Than a Hemopoietin

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-01-01

Sullivan, R., Elias, A., Antman , K.. Schnipper, L.. and Griffin, D., Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor induces the expression of the CDI lb...surface adhesion molecule on human granulocytes in vivo. Blood 72, 691--697, 1988. 38. Socinski, M. A., Cannistra, S., Elias, A., Antman , K. H...1989. 82. Antman , K.. Griffin, J., Elias, A., Socinski. M., Ryan, L., Cannistra, S., Gette, D., Whitly, M., Frei, E., and Schnipper, L., Effect of

LBNL Neutrino Astrophysics

Science.gov Websites

The KATRIN experiment The KATRIN experiment is designed to make a direct measurement of the mass experiment, scaled up by an order of magnitude in size, precision and tritium source intensity from previous experiments. Visit the experiment home page for more information. Gallery SimpleViewer requires JavaScript and

Glacial climate driven sedimentation overwhelms tectonics in the battle for control of margin architecture: Southeast Alaska, St. Elias Orogeny

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gulick, S. P.; Jaeger, J. M.; Willems, B.; Powell, R. D.; Lowe, L. A.

2006-12-01

The interplay of tectonic and climatic processes is fundamental to the development of mountain belts and the ensuing patterns of deformation and erosion. Of equal significance is the interaction of tectonic and climatic processes in the development of orogenic sedimentary basins, or in the case of a coastal mountain belt, in the growth of a continental margin. The Chugach-St. Elias Orogeny, which is driven by the collision of the Yakutat microplate with North America in southeast Alaska, has generated the highest coastal relief in the world. The combined forces of tectonic uplift and glacial erosion have resulted in the accumulation of over 5 km of sediment to form the continental shelf and the creation of the Surveyor Fan that is over 2 km thick proximally. High-resolution GI-gun seismic data allow for detailed examination of the margin architecture off the Bering Glacier within the leading edge of the Yakutat block. The deformation and growth of the margin appears to have first undergone a tectonically dominated phase followed more recently by a glacially dominated phase. During the tectonically dominated period a broad anticline-syncline system helped create accommodation space and the margin both shallowed and widened to its current 50 km width. Based on ties with industry well cuttings, the dominance switched sometime between 0.75 and 1.25 Ma to being completely controlled by glacial advance-retreat patterns. The mappable glacial sequences are undeformed by the underlying anticlines and display several notable features: 1) erosional bases that can often be mapped across the entire shelf, terminating at the shelf edge, 2) little evidence for terminal or retreat moraines on the shelf suggesting very rapid and single phase retreat of the glacier, 3) incomplete glacial sequences due to erosion by later advances, and 4) minimal creation of accommodation space. We investigate the cause of the switch to glacial dominance, the mechanisms and causes of the potentially

Sulfur dioxide emission rates from Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i, 2007–2010

USGS Publications Warehouse

Elias, T.; Sutton, A.J.

2012-01-01

Kīlauea Volcano has one of the longest running volcanic sulfur dioxide (SO2) emission rate databases on record. Sulfur dioxide emission rates from Kīlauea Volcano were first measured by Stoiber and Malone (1975) and have been measured on a regular basis since 1979 (Elias and Sutton, 2007, and references within). Compilations of SO2 emission-rate and wind-vector data from 1979 through 2006 are available on the USGS Web site (Elias and others, 1998; Elias and Sutton, 2002; Elias and Sutton, 2007). This report updates the database, documents the changes in data collection and processing methods, and highlights how SO2 emissions have varied with eruptive activity at Kīlauea Volcano for the interval 2007–2010.

36 CFR 13.1902 - Subsistence.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... NATIONAL PARK SYSTEM UNITS IN ALASKA Special Regulations-Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve § 13... included within the resident zone for Wrangell-St. Elias National Park: Chisana, Chistochina, Chitina...

36 CFR 13.1906 - Headquarters/Visitor Center Developed Area (HVCDA).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SYSTEM UNITS IN ALASKA Special Regulations-Wrangell-St. Elias... this subpart, the HVCDA consists of all park areas within a 1/2 mile radius of the Wrangell-St. Elias...

77 FR 58868 - Teleconference for the National Park Service Alaska Region's Subsistence Resource Commission Program

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-24

... Park Subsistence Resource Commission (SRC) and the Wrangell-St. Elias National Park SRC will meet to... and Location for Next Meeting 12. Adjourn Meeting Wrangell-St. Elias National Park SRC Meeting Date and Location: The [[Page 58869

Sulfur Dioxide Emission Rates from Kilauea Volcano, Hawai`i, an Update: 2002-2006

USGS Publications Warehouse

Elias, Tamar; Sutton, A.J.

2007-01-01

Introduction Sulfur dioxide (SO2) emission rates from Kilauea Volcano were first measured by Stoiber and Malone (1975) and have been measured on a regular basis since 1979 (Greenland and others, 1985; Casadevall and others, 1987; Elias and others, 1998; Sutton and others, 2001, Elias and Sutton, 2002, Sutton and others, 2003). Compilations of SO2 emission-rate and wind-vector data from 1979 through 2001 are available on the web. (Elias and others, 1998 and 2002). This report updates the database through 2006, and documents the changes in data collection and processing that have occurred during the interval 2002-2006. During the period covered by this report, Kilauea continued to release SO2 gas predominantly from its summit caldera and east rift zone (ERZ) (Elias and others, 1998; Sutton and others, 2001, Elias and others, 2002, Sutton and others, 2003). These two distinct sources are always measured independently (fig.1). Sulphur Banks is a minor source of SO2 and does not contribute significantly to the total emissions for Kilauea (Stoiber and Malone, 1975). From 1979 until 2003, summit and east rift zone emission rates were derived using vehicle- and tripod- based Correlation Spectrometry (COSPEC) measurements. In late 2003, we began to augment traditional COSPEC measurements with data from one of the new generation of miniature spectrometer systems, the FLYSPEC (Horton and others, 2006; Elias and others, 2006, Williams-Jones and others, 2006).

SHOCK AND VIBRATION COMPUTER PROGRAMS. REVIEWS AND SUMMARIES

DTIC Science & Technology

1975-01-01

hurricanes , special for- mulas nay have to be conaidered. Ice Ice load la usually specified by the thickness of the ice and by the ice- breaking force...Vibration Institute 5401 Katrine Downers Grove, Illinois 60515 Attn: Dr. Ronald. L. Eshleman, Director Critical Speeds ot a Rptor-Bearlng System...Instruction manual, and exanples. Contact: The Vibration Institute 5401 Katrine Downers Grove, 111. 60515 KOUTIMi MACHINSW 477 Attn; Dr. Ronald L

Sub-annual North Pacific hydroclimate variability since 1450AD from updated St. Elias ice core isotope and accumulation rate records

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kreutz, K. J.; Campbell, S. W.; Winski, D.; Osterberg, E. C.; Kochtitzky, W. H.; Copland, L.; Dixon, D.; Introne, D.; Medrzycka, D.; Main, B.; Bernsen, S.; Wake, C. P.

2017-12-01

A growing array of high-resolution paleoclimate records from the terrestrial region bordering the Gulf of Alaska (GoA) continues to reveal details about ocean-atmosphere variability in the region during the Common Era. Ice core records from high-elevation ranges in proximity to the GoA provide key information on extratropical hydroclimate, and potential teleconnections to low latitude regions. In particular, stable water isotope and snow accumulation reconstructions from ice cores collected in high precipitation locations are uniquely tied to regional water cycle changes. Here we present new data collected in 2016 and 2017 from the St. Elias Mountains (Eclipse Icefield, Yukon Territories, Canada), including a range of ice core and geophysical measurements. Low- and high-frequency ice penetrating radar data enable detailed mapping of icefield bedrock topography and internal reflector stratigraphy. The 1911 Katmai eruption layer can be clearly traced across the icefield, and tied definitively to the coeval ash layer found in the 345 meter ice core drilled at Eclipse Icefield in 2002. High-resolution radar data are used to map spatial variability in 2015/16 and 2016/17 snow accumulation. Ice velocity data from repeat GPS stake measurements and remote sensing feature tracking reveal a clear divide flow regime on the icefield. Shallow firn/ice cores (20 meters in 2017 and 65 meters in 2016) are used to update the 345 meter ice core drilled at Eclipse Icefield in 2002. We use new algorithm-based layer counting software to improve and provide error estimates on the new ice core chronology, which extends from 2017 to 1450AD. 3D finite element modeling, incorporating all available geophysical data, is used to refine the reconstructed accumulation rate record and account for vertical and horizontal ice flow. Together with high-resolution stable water isotope data, the updated Eclipse record provides detailed, sub-annual resolution data on several aspects of the regional

Learning to Mock--Challenging the Teaching Establishment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gabriel, Norman

2016-01-01

There have been very few studies that apply the work of Mikhail Bakhtin and Norbert Elias to understand the underlying learning processes of young children. This article will explore the methodological similarities between Bakhtin's ideas about the carnivalesque and Norbert Elias's theory of established-outsider relations to explain how young…

75 FR 60459 - Sunshine Act Notices

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-30

...: Thursday, September 23, 2010, at 10 a.m. PLACE: 999 E Street, NW., Washington, DC (Ninth Floor). STATUS... Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party by its counsel, Marc E. Elias, Esq. and Jonathan S. Berkon, Esq. of Perkins Coie, LLP. Draft Advisory Opinion 2010-19: Google by its counsel, Marc E. Elias, Esq. and Jonathan S...

Sulfur Dioxide Emission Rates from Kilauea Volcano, Hawai`i, an Update: 1998-2001

USGS Publications Warehouse

Elias, Tamar; Sutton, A. Jefferson

2002-01-01

Introduction Sulfur dioxide (SO2) emission rates from Kilauea Volcano were first measured by Stoiber and Malone (1975) and have been measured on a regular basis since 1979 (Greenland and others, 1985; Casadevall and others, 1987; Elias and others, 1998; Sutton and others, 2001). A compilation of SO2 emission-rate and wind-vector data from 1979 through 1997 is available as Open-File Report 98-462 (Elias and others, 1998) and on the web at http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/products/OF98462/. The purpose of this report is to update the existing database through 2001. Kilauea releases SO2 gas predominantly from its summit caldera and east rift zone (ERZ) (fig. 1), as described in previous reports (Elias and others, 1998; Sutton and others, 2001). These two distinct sources are quantified independently. The summit and east rift zone emission rates reported here were derived using vehicle-based Correlation Spectrometry (COSPEC) measurements as described in Elias and others (1998). In 1998 and 1999, these measurements were augmented with airborne and tripod-based surveys.

Gender discrimination may be worse than you think: testing ordinal interactions in power research.

PubMed

Elias, Steven M; Cropanzano, Russell

2006-04-01

The authors reanalyze the data of a study by S. M. Elias and R. J. Loomis (2004), which aimed to determine how an instructor's gender may influence his or her ability to gain student compliance. S. M. Elias and R. J. Loomis observed few significant gender effects using traditional multivariate analyses of variance. The authors reanalyze this data using the more appropriate statistical techniques for detecting ordinal interactions recommended by M. J. Strube and P. Bobko (1989) and S. M. Elias (2004). An ordinal interaction occurs when 1 cell of a 2 x 2 design is responsible for a significant interaction (e.g., female instructors suffering only when rated by male students). Reanalysis of the data resulted in more robust findings.

Interpreting the 10 micron Astronomical Silicate Feature

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bowey, Janet E.

1998-11-01

10micron spectra of silicate dust in the diffuse medium towards Cyg OB2 no. 12 and towards field and embedded objects in the Taurus Molecular Cloud (TMC) were obtained with CGS3 at the United Kingdom Infrared Telescope (UKIRT). Cold molecular-cloud silicates are sampled in quiescent lines of sight towards the field stars Taurus-Elias 16 and Elias 13, whilst observations of the embedded young stellar objects HL Tau, Taurus-Elias 7 (Haro6-10) and Elias 18 also include emission from heated dust. To obtain the foreground silicate absorption profiles, featureless continua are estimated using smoothed astronomical and laboratory silicate emissivities. TMC field stars and Cyg OB2 no. 12 are modelled as photospheres reddened by foreground continuum and silicate extinction. Dust emission in the non-photospheric continua of HL Tau and Elias 7 (Haro6-10) is distinguished from foreground silicate absorption using a 10micron disk model, based on the IR-submm model of T Tauri stars by Adams, Lada & Shu (1988), with terms added to represent the foreground continuum and silicate extinction. The absorption profiles of HL Tau and Elias 7 are similar to that of the field star Elias 16. Fitted temperature indices of 0.43 (HL Tau) and 0.33 (Elias 7) agree with Boss' (1996) theoretical models of the 200-300K region, but are lower than those of IR-submm disks (0.5-0.61; Mannings & Emerson 1994); the modelled 10micron emission of HL Tau is optically thin, that of Elias 7 is optically thick. A preliminary arcsecond-resolution determination of the 10micron emissivity near θ1 Ori D in the Trapezium region of Orion and a range of emission temperatures (225-310K) are derived from observations by T. L. Hayward; this Ney-Allen emissivity is 0.6micron narrower than the Trapezium emissivity obtained by Forrest et al. (1975) with a large aperture. Published interstellar grain models, elemental abundances and laboratory studies of Solar System silicates (IDPs, GEMS and meteorites), the 10micron

Reisen im freien Fall - Teil 2: Das Zwillingsparadoxon aus dem Blickwinkel der ART

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sonne, Bernd; Weiß, Reinhard

2013-07-01

Nachdem wir uns mit den Prinzipien der ART und einigen Beispielen vertraut gemacht haben, kommen wir nun zur Berechnung des Zwillingsparadoxons aus Sicht des reisenden Zwillings. Dabei spielt das Äquivalenzprinzip eine große Rolle. Deshalb wird die Bewegungssituation noch einmal erläutert, diesmal aus Sicht von Katrin. Sie befindet sich in ihrem System S'in Ruhe. In ihrem System läuft die Zeit t'ab. Nach dem Start fühlt Katrin jedoch eine Kraft, die sie als Gravitationskraft interpretieren kann. Sie merkt es daran, dass sie in den Sitz gedrückt wird. Nach einiger Zeit werden die Triebwerke abgeschaltet, und das Raumschiff fliegt mit konstanter Geschwindigkeit weiter, Phase 2. Anschließend wird der Schub der Triebwerke solange umgekehrt, bis das Raumschiff irgendwo mit der Geschwindigkeit null am Umkehrpunkt U landet, Phase 3 (Abb. 15.1). Die Erde, auf der sich Michael befindet, bewegt sich mit x'(t') aus Sicht von Katrin im freien Fall von ihr weg, s. das Experiment mit dem steigenden Fahrstuhl in Abschn. 13.2.1.

Extreme mass flux from the glaciated, collisional St. Elias Orogen: Preliminary results from IODP Expedition 341 (Invited)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gulick, S. P.; Jaeger, J. M.

2013-12-01

Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 341 drilled a cross-margin transect to investigate the linkages between global climate change, modification of the dynamics of surficial processes, and subsequent tectonic responses. The Gulf of Alaska (GoA) borders the St. Elias orogen, the highest coastal mountain range on Earth. Exp. 341 drilled five sites within a regional seismic reflection grid that spans from the distal Surveyor Fan to the continental shelf. More than 3000 m of high-quality core coupled with seismic reflection profiles collected with nested vertical resolution allows us to address the major objectives of drilling in the GoA. These objectives were to: 1) document the tectonic response of an active orogenic system to late Miocene to recent climate change; 2) establish the timing of advance/retreat phases of the northern Cordilleran ice sheet to test its relation to dynamics of other global ice sheets; 3) implement an expanded source-to-sink study of the interactions between glacial, tectonic, and oceanographic processes responsible for creation of one of the thickest Neogene high-latitude continental margin sequences; 4) understand the dynamics of productivity, nutrients, freshwater input to the ocean, and ocean circulation in the northeast Pacific and their role in the global carbon cycle, and 5) document the spatial and temporal behavior of the geomagnetic field at extremely high temporal resolution in an under-sampled region of the globe. The Exp. 341 cross-margin transect discovered transitions in sediment accumulation rates from >100 m/Ma at the distal site to > 1000 m/Ma in the proximal fan, slope and on the continental shelf that provide a telescoping view of strata formation from the Miocene to the Holocene. Complete recovery and development of spliced sedimentary records of the Pleistocene through Holocene were achieved at the distal, proximal, and slope Sites U1417, U1418, and U1419, respectively, because of exceptional piston core

Alaskan seismic gap only partially filled by 28 February 1979 earthquake

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lahr, J.C.; Stephens, C.D.; Hasegawa, H.S.

1980-03-21

The Saint Elias, Alaska, earthquake (magnitude 7.7) of 28 February 1979 is the first major earthquake since 1900 to occur along the complex Pacific-North American plate boundary between Yakutat Bay and Prince William Sound. This event involved complex rupture on a shallow, low-angle, north-dipping fault beneath the Chugach and Saint Elias Mountains. The plate boundary between Yakutat Bay and Prince William Sound had been identified as a seismic gap, an area devoid of major earthquakes during the last few decades, and was thought to be a likely site for a future major earthquake. Since the Saint Elias earthquake fills onlymore » the eastern quarter of the gap, the remainder of the gap to the west is a prime area for the study of precursory and coseismic phenomena associated with large earthquakes. 1 figure, 1 table.« less

STS-41G earth observations

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-06-25

41G-43-016 (5-13 Oct 1984) --- The Gulf of Alaska, with the great peaks of the Saint Elias Range of Alaska, Yukon, and British Columbia. Mount Logan, Canada's highest mountain peak at 19,850 feet, is to the left of the center of the photograph. Between Saint Elias Peak and Mount Vancouver, right of center, flows the great Malaspina Glacier in a great lobe of ice shaped like a human ear.

Final scientific and technical report: New experiments to measure the neutrino mass scale

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Monreal, Benjamin

In this work, we made material progress towards future measurements of the mass of the neutrino. The neutrino is a fundamental particle, first observed in the 1950s and subjected to particularly intense study over the past 20 years. It is now known to have some, non-zero mass, but we are in an unusual situation of knowing the mass exists but not knowing what value it takes. The mass may be determined by precise measurements of certain radioactive decay distributions, particularly the beta decay of tritium. The KATRIN experiment is an international project which is nearing the beginning of a tritiummore » measurement campaign using a large electrostatic spectrumeter. This research included participation in KATRIN, including construction and delivery of a key calibration subsystem, the ``Rear Section''. To obtain sensitivity beyond KATRIN's, new techniques are required; this work included R&D on a new technique we call CRES (Cyclotron Resonance Electron Spectroscopy) which has promise to enable even more sensitive tritium decay measurements. We successfully carried out CRES spectroscopy in a model system in 2014, making an important step towards the design of a next-generation tritium experiment with new neutrino mass measurement abilities.« less

Long-term versus short-term deformation of the meizoseismal area of the 2008 Achaia-Elia (MW 6.4) earthquake in NW Peloponnese, Greece: Evidence from historical triangulation and morphotectonic data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stiros, Stathis; Moschas, Fanis; Feng, Lujia; Newman, Andrew

2013-04-01

The deformation of the meizoseismal area of the 2008 Achaia-Elia (MW 6.4) earthquake in NW Peloponnese, of the first significant strike slip earthquake in continental Greece, was examined in two time scales; of 102 years, based on the analysis of high-accuracy historical triangulation data describing shear, and of 105-106 years, based on the analysis of the hydrographic network of the area for signs of streams offset by faulting. Our study revealed pre-seismic accumulation of shear strain of the order of 0.2 μrad/year in the study area, consistent with recent GPS evidence, but no signs of significant strike slip-induced offsets in the hydrographic network. These results confirm the hypothesis that the 2008 fault, which did not reached the surface and was not associated with significant seismic ground deformation, probably because of a surface flysch layer filtering high-strain events, was associated with an immature or a dormant, recently activated fault. This fault, about 150 km long and discordant to the morphotectonic trends of the area, seems first, to contain segments which have progressively reactivated in a specific direction in the last 20 years, reminiscent of the North Anatolian Fault, and second, to limit an 150 km wide (recent?) shear zone in the internal part of the arc, in a region mostly dominated by thrust faulting and strong destructive earthquakes. Deformation of the first main strike slip fault in continental Greece analyzed. Triangulation data show preseismic shear, hydrographic net no previous faulting. Surface shear deformation only in low strain rates. Immature or reactivated dormant strike slip fault, with gradual oriented rupturing. Interplay between shear and thrusting along the arc.

Performance of two strategies for urgent ANCA and anti-GBM analysis in vasculitis.

PubMed

de Joode, Anoek A E; Roozendaal, Caroline; van der Leij, Marcel J; Bungener, Laura B; Sanders, Jan Stephan F; Stegeman, Coen A

2014-02-01

In anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) associated small vessel vasculitis (AAV), rapid testing for ANCA and anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) antibodies may be beneficial for therapeutic purpose. We analysed the diagnostic performance of two rapid ANCA and anti-GBM test methods in 260 patients with suspected AAV. Between January 2004 and November 2010, we analysed 260 samples by qualitative Dotblot (Biomedical Diagnostics); retrospective analysis followed with directly coated highly sensitive automated Phadia ELiA and ELiA anti-GBM. Results were related to the final clinical diagnosis and compared with routine capture ELISA. Seventy-four patients had a final diagnosis of AAV (n=62) or anti-GBM disease (n=12). Both Dotblot and ELiA detected all 12 cases of anti-GBM disease; 2 false positive results were found. Dotblot detected ANCA in 56 of 62 AAV patients (sensitivity 90%, NPV 97%), and showed 5 false positives (specificity 97%, PPV 90%). The Phadia ELiA anti-PR3(s) or anti-MPO(s) was positive in 57 of 62 AAV patients (sensitivity 92%, NPV 97%), and had 5 false positives (specificity 97%, PPV 88%). Routine capture ELISA was equally accurate (sensitivity 94%, specificity 97%, PPV 88%, NPV 98%). The Dotblot and Phadia ELiA on anti-GBM, anti-PR3(s) and anti-MPO(s) performed excellently; results were almost identical to routine ELISA. When suspicion of AAV or anti-GBM disease is high and diagnosis is urgently needed, both tests are very powerful for rapid serological diagnosis. Further studies have to confirm the test performances in samples routinely presented for ANCA testing and in follow-up of positive patients. Copyright © 2013 European Federation of Internal Medicine. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Limited climate control of the Chugach/St. Elias thrust wedge in southern Alaska demonstrated by orogenic widening during Pliocene to Quaternary climate change

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Meigs, Andrew

2014-05-01

Critical taper wedge theory is the gold standard by which climate control of convergent orogenic belts is inferred. The theory predicts (and models reproduce) that an orogenic belt narrows if erosion increases in erosion in the face of a constant tectonic influx. Numerous papers now argue on the basis of thermochronologic data that the Chugach/ St. Elias Range (CSE) of southern Alaska narrowed as a direct response to Quaternary climate change because glaciers dominated erosion of the orogenic belt. The CSE formed in response to collision of a microplate with North America and is notable because glacial erosion has dominated the CSE for the past 5 to 6 Ma. An increase in sediment accumulation rates in the foreland basin over that time suggests that glacial erosion become more efficient. If correct, it is possible that glacial erosion outpaced rock influx thereby inducing a climatically controlled narrowing of the orogenic wedge during the Quaternary. Growth strata preserved within the wedge provide a test of that interpretation because they demonstrate the spatial and temporal pattern of deformation during the Pliocene to Quaternary climate transition. A thrust front established between 6 and 5 Ma jumped towards the foreland by 30 and 15 km at 1.8 and 0.25 Ma, respectively. Distributed deformation within the thrust belt accompanied the thrust front relocations. Continuous exhumation recorded by low-temperature thermochronometers occurred contemporaneously with the shortening, parallel the structural not the topographic grain, and ages become younger towards the foreland as well. Interpreted in terms of critical wedge theory, continuous distributed deformation reflects a sub-critical wedge taper resulting from the combined effects of persistent exhumation and incremental accretion and orogenic widening via thrust front jumps into the undeformed foreland. Taper angle varies according to published cross-sections and ranges from 3 to 9 degrees. If the wedge oscillated

Severe Weather Guide - Mediterranean Ports. 5. Cagliari

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-03-01

Point 1) is located on radial 170" about 2 to 3 n mi from Scoglio Sant’ Elia (Figure 3-3) in a depth of 82 to 98 ft (25 to 30 m). Holding is...affects the Port. The swell is highest near Sarroch, but also affects the anchorage south of Scoglio Sant’ Eli a. Southeasterly swell tends to reflect...problems in the harbor, but anchor dragging is possible for vessels anchored in the harbor or south of Scoglio Sant’ Elia. Because the wind is offshore

Role of the UV external radiation field on the presence of astrophysical ices in protostellars environments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Robson Monteiro Rocha, Will; Pilling, Sergio

2016-07-01

The astrophysical ices survival is directly related with the temperature and ionizing radiation field in protostellars environments such as disks and envelopes. Computational models has shown that pure volatile molecules like CO and CH _{4} should survive only inside densest regions of molecular clouds or protoplanetary disks On the other hand, solid molecules such as H _{2}O and CH _{3}OH can be placed around 5 - 10 AU from the central protostar. Unlike of the previous models, we investigate the role of the UV external radiation field on the presence of ices in disks and envelopes. Once that a star-forming region is composed by the formation of many protostars, the external radiation field should be an important component to understand the real localization of the ices along the sight line. To address this topic it was employed the radiative transfer code RADMC-3D based on the Monte Carlo method. The code was used to model the spectrum and the near-infrared image of Elias 29. The initial parameters of the disk and envelope was taken from our previous paper (Rocha & Pilling (2015), ApJ 803:18). The opacities of the ices were calculated from the complex refractive index obtained at laboratory experiments perfomed at Grand Accélerateur National d'Íons Lourds (GANIL), by using the NKABS code from Rocha & Pilling (2014), SAA 123:436. The partial conclusions that we have obtained shows that pure CO volatile molecule cannot be placed at disk or envelope of Elias 29, unlike shown in our paper about Elias 29. Once it was observed in Elias 29 spectrum obtained with Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) between 2.5 - 190 μm, this molecule should be placed in foreground molecular clouds or trapped in the water ice matrix. The next calculations will be able to show where are placed the ices such as CH _{3}OH and CH _{3}CHO observed in Elias 29 spectrum.

Radio continuum from FU Orionis stars

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rodriguez, L.F.; Hartmann, L.W.; Chavira, E.

1990-12-01

Using the very large array a sensitive search is conducted for 3.6-cm continuum emission toward four FU Orionis objects: FU Ori, V1515 Cyg, V1057 Cyg, and Elias 1-12. V1057 Cyg and Elias 1-12 at the level of about 0.1 mJy is detected. The association of radio continuum emission with these FU Ori objects strengthens a possible relation between FU Ori stars and objects like L 1551 IRS 5 and Z CMa that are also sources of radio continuum emission and have been proposed as post-FU Ori objects. Whether the radio continuum emission is caused by free-free emission from ionized ejectamore » or if it is optically thin emission from a dusty disk is discussed. It was determined that, in the archives of the Tonantzintla Observatory, a plate taken in 1957 does not show Elias 1-12. This result significantly narrows the time range for the epoch of the outburst of this source to between 1957 and 1965. 38 refs.« less

Cenozoic deformation from the Yakutat-North American collision to the eastern margin of the Northern Canadian Cordillera

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Enkelmann, E.

2017-12-01

The western margin of the Northern Cordillera of North America is dominated by transform motion of the Yakutat microplate along the Fairweather fault system. In southeast Alaska the transform boundary changes to convergence and the oblique collision of the buoyant Yakutat microplate formed the St. Elias Mountains. One of the outstanding questions in understanding the St. Elias orogeny is how stress from the plate boundary has been transferred inboard and distributed strain in the North American plate. The timing, amount, and spatial pattern of deformation and rock exhumation have been studied using multiple thermochronology methods. Together the data reveal that Late Cenozoic deformation inboard of the Fairweather Fault and the colliding Yakutat plate corner at the St. Elias syntaxis was spatially very limited, resulting in rock exhumation within a <30 km-wide corridor north and northeast of the plate boundary. The data from this inboard region, located in Yukon and northern British Columbia, record Late Cretaceous-Early Eocene cooling associated with Cordilleran deformation, and Paleocene-Eocene cooling due to spreading-ridge subduction. In contrast, the region west of the St. Elias syntaxis is dominated by convergence, which resulted in significant Cenozoic deformation in southeastern and southern Alaska. In the St. Elias orogen itself, most of the Late Cenozoic deformation and exhumation occurs within the Yakutat microplate and its Cenozoic sedimentary cover that composes the fold-thrust belt. The efficient interaction between tectonic uplift and glacial erosion resulted in rapid exhumation (>1 km/Myr) and extreme rates (4 km/Myr) that are localized at the syntaxis region and have shifted southward over the past 10 Myr. Far-field deformation reaches more than 500 km to the northwest of the convergent margin and caused mountain building in south-central Alaska. Deformation to the northeast is unclear. New thermochronology data from the eastern margin of the

A GLIMPSE INTO THE EYE OF THE EMERGENCY RESPONSE AT EPA KATRINA AND RITA

EPA Science Inventory

This presentation was given at the Texas Environmental Health Association Annual Meeting in Round Rock, TX on October 12, 2005. The keynote address was focused on the conditions after Katrins, organizing response, field response, EPA's role in emergency response, what is EPA doi...

Africa’s Evolving Infosystems: A Pathway to Security and Stability

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-03-01

Another problem involved the development of a missing persons identification system to be deployed in the aftermath of a hurricane or other...Activism in Africa (Cape Town: Pamba- zuka Press, 2010). 26 Sheila Kinkade and Katrin Verclas, Wireless Technology for Social Change (Wash- ington, DC: UN

Kamstrupp's Wow-Effect: Re-Examined and Expanded

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

King, Elizabeth M.; Dickmann, Ellyn M.; Johnson, Barbara Z.

2016-01-01

This review examines Anne Katrine Kamstrupp's article "The wow-effect in science teacher education; technology; sociomateriality." In the discussion below we explore three key areas of her ethnographic research. First, we reconsider Kamstrupp's article through the lens of technology as a pedagogical choice and philosophy. This is…

Gaseous 83mKr generator of monoenergetic electrons based on 83Rb deposited in zeolite

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sentkerestiová, J.; Vénos, D.; Slezák, M.

2017-09-01

The gaseous 83mKr electron source is currently used in neutrino mass experiments KATRIN and Project 8, dark matter experiments XENON, LUX and DarkSide, and ALICE (CERN) experiment. The main attractive features of this radioactive noble gas are its monoenergetic conversion electrons with well known energies and a half-life of 1.8 h, which is short enough to avoid any long-lasting contamination of the system. The long half-life of the mother 83Rb isotope (T1/2 = 86.2 d) enables more time demanding measurement. Particularly, in the neutrino mass experiments with gaseous tritium in which the 83mKr is applied in the same manner as the tritium, the K-32 conversion electrons with energy conveniently close to the beta spectrum endpoint represent an important test and calibration tool. Here, the design and characteristics of the gaseous 83mKr generator, including the 83mKr source itself, for KATRIN (KArlsruhe TRItium Neutrino) experiment are presented.

77 FR 26815 - Opportunity To Comment on the Draft Airport Design Advisory Circular 150/5300-13A

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-07

.../ . FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Khalil Elias Kodsi, P.E. PMP, Airport Engineering Division, (AAS-100... discussion on the Runway Protection Zone (RPZ). d. The introduction of a Taxiway Design Group (TDG) concept...

43 CFR 3206.11 - What must BLM do before issuing a lease?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... National Park; (4) John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Memorial Parkway; (5) Bering Land Bridge National Preserve; (6... Monument and Preserve; (9) Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve; (10) Lake Clark National Park and...

36 CFR 13.150 - Use for authorized commercial fishing activities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Krusenstern National Monument, the Malaspina Glacier Forelands area of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Preserve, and the Dry Bay area of Glacier Bay National Preserve is authorized pursuant to the provisions of § 13...

36 CFR 13.150 - Use for authorized commercial fishing activities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Krusenstern National Monument, the Malaspina Glacier Forelands area of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Preserve, and the Dry Bay area of Glacier Bay National Preserve is authorized pursuant to the provisions of § 13...

36 CFR 13.150 - Use for authorized commercial fishing activities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Krusenstern National Monument, the Malaspina Glacier Forelands area of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Preserve, and the Dry Bay area of Glacier Bay National Preserve is authorized pursuant to the provisions of § 13...

36 CFR 13.150 - Use for authorized commercial fishing activities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Krusenstern National Monument, the Malaspina Glacier Forelands area of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Preserve, and the Dry Bay area of Glacier Bay National Preserve is authorized pursuant to the provisions of § 13...

36 CFR 13.150 - Use for authorized commercial fishing activities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Krusenstern National Monument, the Malaspina Glacier Forelands area of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Preserve, and the Dry Bay area of Glacier Bay National Preserve is authorized pursuant to the provisions of § 13...

Against the Odds Exhibition Opens

MedlinePlus

... the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Md. Photo courtesy of Bill Branson NIH Director Dr. Elias ... addresses visitors to the opening of the exhibition. Photo courtesy of Bill Branson Brothers Niko and Theo ...

36 CFR 13.1912 - Solid waste disposal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... NATIONAL PARK SYSTEM UNITS IN ALASKA Special Regulations-Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve § 13... resources of the park area. (c) A transfer station located wholly on nonfederal lands within Wrangell-St...

Recent Observations and Structural Analysis of Surge-Type Glaciers in the Glacier Bay Area

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mayer, H.; Herzfeld, U. C.

2003-12-01

The Chugach-St.-Elias Mountains in North America hold the largest non-polar connected glaciated area of the world. Most of its larger glaciers are surge-type glaciers. In the summer of 2003, we collected aerial photographic and GPS data over numerous glaciers in the eastern St. Elias Mountains, including the Glacier Bay area. Observed glaciers include Davidson, Casement, McBride, Riggs, Cushing, Carroll, Rendu, Tsirku, Grand Pacific, Melbern, Ferris, Margerie, Johns Hopkins, Lamplugh, Reid, Burroughs, Morse, Muir and Willard Glaciers, of which Carroll, Rendu, Ferris, Grand Pacific, Johns Hopkins and Margerie Glaciers are surge-type glaciers. Our approach utilizes a quantitative analysis of surface patterns, following the principles of structural geology for the analysis of brittle-deformation patterns (manifested in crevasses) and ductile deformation patterns (visible in folded moraines). First results will be presented.

75 FR 22595 - Sunshine Act Notices

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-29

... (NDRT), by Marc E. Elias and Kate S. Keane of Perkins Coie LLP, counsel. Report of the Audit Division on the Tennessee Democratic Party (TDP). Report of the Audit Division on Friends for Menor Committee...

75 FR 41179 - Sunshine Act Notices

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-15

.... Laham, Esq., and D. Mark Renaud, Esq., of Wiley Rein LLP. Draft Advisory Opinion 2010-10: National Right... Ten, by its counsel, Marc E. Elias, Esq., and Ezra Reese, Esq., of Perkins Coie LLP. Management and...

75 FR 44792 - Sunshine Act Notices

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-29

...: Club for Growth, by its counsel, Carol A. Laham, Esq., and D. Mark Renaud, Esq., of Wiley Rein LLP. Draft Advisory Opinion 2010-11: Commonsense Ten, by its counsel, Marc E. Elias, Esq., and Ezra Reese...

75 FR 43983 - Sunshine Act Notices

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-27

...: Club for Growth, by its counsel, Carol A. Laham, Esq., and D. Mark Renaud, Esq., of Wiley Rein LLP. Draft Advisory Opinion 2010-11: Commonsense Ten, by its counsel, Marc E. Elias, Esq., and Ezra Reese...

75 FR 42444 - Sunshine Act Notices

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-21

... Opinion 2010-09: Club for Growth, by its counsel, Carol A. Laham, Esq., and D. Mark Renaud, Esq., of Wiley Rein LLP. Draft Advisory Opinion 2010-11: Commonsense Ten, by its counsel, Marc E. Elias, Esq., and...

Benzene and its methyl-derivatives: derivation of maximum exposure levels in automobiles.

PubMed

Schupp, Thomas; Bolt, Hermann M; Jaeckh, Rudolf; Hengstler, Jan G

2006-01-05

Automobile drivers are exposed to several organic hydrocarbons. Concentrations measured in passenger compartments have been reported to range between 13 and 560 microg/m(3) for benzene, 33-258 microg/m(3) for toluene, 20-250 microg/m(3) for xylene (mixed isomers) and 3-23 microg/m(3) for trimethylbenzene (mixed isomers). These aromatic hydrocarbons are emitted from gasoline and from materials inside a car. In the present study we evaluated, whether these exposures pose a potential risk to the health of drivers. Therefore, we derived maximum exposure levels inside cars for chronic (ELIA(chronic)) and short-term (STELIA) exposure. The lowest ELIA's(chronic) for benzene, toluene, xylene and trimethylbenzene were 0.083, 1.2, 8.8 and 0.31 mg/m(3), respectively. The respective STELIA's were 16, 30, 29 and 25 mg/m(3). Obviously concentrations of toluene, xylene and trimethylbenzene inside cars do not exceed their individual STELIA's. In contrast, benzene seems to be problematic, since concentrations inside cars amount up to 0.56 mg/m(3), which exceeds the ELIA(chronic) derived for benzene. This should not be underestimated, since benzene is a genotoxic carcinogen that probably acts by non-threshold mechanisms. In conclusion, concentrations of toluene, xylene and trimethylbenzene usually observed inside cars are unlikely to pose a risk to the health of drivers. A systematic toxicological evaluation of the risk associated with benzene exposure in cars seems to be necessary.

The Loneliness of the Aging in Two Contemporary Novels.

PubMed

Oró-Piqueras, Maricel

2016-04-01

In The Loneliness of the Dying (1985), sociologist Norbert Elias claims that "aging" and "old age" have become frightening, almost taboo terms in Western society because death is increasingly made invisible in advanced societies. Years ago, death was a part of life and the dead were granted the honor of passing away in their homes, surrounded by their communities; in present-day society, most have never seen a corpse and are ignorant of anything related to death. According to Elias, the consequences of this distancing from death have been a distancing from the aging process as a whole. This paper aims to analyze to what extent Norbert Elias's theories about death and the aging process are reflected in contemporary British fiction, using two novels as case studies. Ending Up (1974) and These Foolish Things (2004) depict older British characters who decide to share their last years when they realize that they are increasingly forgotten and invisible both within their communities and their families. In each of their particular styles, bleak and ironic in the case of Kingsley Amis's Ending Up, and refreshingly humorous and moving in the case of Deborah Moggach's These Foolish Things, both authors reflect on possible outcomes for an increasingly aging population. © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Water quality of the Chokosna, Gilahina, Lakina Rivers, and Long Lake watershed along McCarthy Road, Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve, Alaska, 2007-08

USGS Publications Warehouse

Brabets, Timothy P.; Ourso, Robert T.; Miller, Matthew P.; Brasher, Anne M. D.

2011-01-01

The Chokosna, Gilahina, and Lakina River basins, and the Long Lake watershed are located along McCarthy Road in Wrangell–St. Elias National Park and Preserve. The rivers and lake support a large run of sockeye (red) salmon that is important to the commercial and recreational fisheries in the larger Copper River. To gain a better understanding of the water quality conditions of these watersheds, these basins were studied as part of a cooperative study with the National Park Service during the open water periods in 2007 and 2008. Water type of the rivers and Long Lake is calcium bicarbonate with the exception of that in the Chokosna River, which is calcium bicarbonate sulfate water. Alkalinity concentrations ranged from 63 to 222 milligrams per liter, indicating a high buffering capacity in these waters. Analyses of streambed sediments indicated that concentrations of the trace elements arsenic, chromium, and nickel exceed levels that might be toxic to fish and other aquatic organisms. However, these concentrations reflect local geology rather than anthropogenic sources in this nearly pristine area. Benthic macroinvertebrate qualitative multi-habitat and richest targeted habitat samples collected from six stream sites along McCarthy Road indicated a total of 125 taxa. Insects made up the largest percentage of macroinvertebrates, totaling 83 percent of the families found. Dipterans (flies and midges) accounted for 43 percent of all macroinvertebrates found. Analysis of the macroinvertebrate data by non-metric multidimensional scaling indicated differences between (1) sites at Long Lake and other stream sites along McCarthy Road, likely due to different basin characteristics, (2) the 2007 and 2008 data, probably from the higher rainfall in 2008, and (3) macroinvertebrate data collected in south-central Alaska, which represents a different climate zone. The richness, abundance, and community composition of periphytic algae taxa was variable between sampling sites

Deformation Styles Along the Southern Alaska Margin Constrained by GPS

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Elliott, J.; Freymueller, J. T.; Larsen, C. F.

2009-12-01

The present-day deformation observed in southcentral and southeast Alaska and the adjacent region of Canada is controlled by two main factors: ~ 50 mm/yr relative motion between the Pacific plate and North America and the Yakutat block’s collision with and accretion to southern Alaska. Over 45 mm/yr of NW-SE directed convergence from the collision is currently accommodated within the St. Elias orogen. The Fairweather, St. Elias, and Chugach ranges show the spectacular consequences of the relative tectonic motions, but the details of the plate interactions have not been well understood. Here we present GPS data from a network of over 170 campaign sites across the region. We use the data to constrain block models and forward models that characterize the nature and extent of the tectonic deformation along the Pacific-Yakutat-North America boundary. Tectonics in southeast Alaska can be described by block motion, with the Pacific plate bounding the region to the west. The fastest block motions occur along the coastal regions. The Yakutat block has a velocity of 51 ± 2.7 mm/yr towards N22 ± 2.5 deg W relative to North America. This velocity has a magnitude almost identical to that of the Pacific plate, but the azimuth is more westerly. The northeastern edge of the Yaktuat block is deforming, represented in our model by two small blocks outboard of the Fairweather fault. East of that fault, the Fairweather block rotates clockwise relative to North America, resulting in transpression along the Duke River and Eastern Denali faults. There is a clear transfer of strain from the coastal region hundreds of kilometers eastward into the Northern Cordillera block, confirming earlier suggestions that the effects of the Yakutat collision are far-reaching along its eastern margin. In contrast, deformation along the leading edge of the Yakutat collision is relatively narrowly focused within the southern half of the St. Elias orogen. The current deformation front of the Yakutat

Evaluation of a new automated enzyme fluoroimmunoassay using recombinant plasmid dsDNA for the detection of anti-dsDNA antibodies in SLE.

PubMed

Villalta, D; Bizzaro, N; Corazza, D; Tozzoli, R; Tonutti, E

2002-01-01

ELISA methods to detect anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibodies are highly sensitive, but are less specific for the diagnosis of SLE than the immunofluorescence test on Crithidia luciliae (CLIFT) and the Farr assay because they also detect low-avidity antibodies. This study evaluated the specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of a new automated fluoroimmunoassay (EliA dsDNA; Pharmacia, Freiburg, Germany). We compared the results with those obtained using a commercial CLIFT and an in-house anti-dsDNA IgG ELISA method, and verified its putative ability to detect only high-avidity anti-dsDNA antibodies. Sera from 100 SLE patients and 120 controls were studied. The control group included 20 healthy donors, 70 patients with other rheumatic diseases (32 systemic sclerosis (SSc); 18 primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS), 20 rheumatoid arthritis (RA)), and 30 patients with various infectious diseases (ID). Anti-dsDNA avidity was estimated using an ELISA method based upon the law of mass action, and a simplified Scatchard plot analysis for data elaboration; the apparent affinity constant (Kaa) was calculated and expressed as arbitrary units (L/U). Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV for SLE were 64%, 95.8%, 93.8% and 72.7%, respectively, for the EliA anti-dsDNA assay; 55%, 99.2%, 98.5%, and 68.8%, respectively, for the CLIFT; and 64%, 93.3%, 90.6%, and 72.3%, respectively, for the in-house ELISA. Although EliA anti-dsDNA was positive mainly in SLE patients with high- (Kaa>80 L/U) and intermediate- (Kaa 30-80 L/U) avidity antibodies (45.3% and 49.9%, respectively), it was also positive in five (7.8%) SLE patients with low-avidity anti-dsDNA antibodies, and five controls (three SSc, one pSS, and one ID) (mean Kaa = 16.4 +/- 9.04 L/U). In conclusion, EliA anti-dsDNA assay showed a higher sensitivity than the CLIFT, and a good specificity and PPV for SLE. Its putative ability to detect only high-avidity anti

Admiral Arleigh Burke: A Study in Strategic Leadership

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-06-17

leadership than the first two years. 1John N. Horrocks Jr., “The Art , Science , and Innocence...Demetracopoulos, Elias P. “Muzzling Admiral Burke.” Proceedings 126, no. 1 (January 2000): 64-68. Horrocks, John N., Jr. “The Art , Science , and

In Praise of Progress

MedlinePlus

... singer Randy Owen, formerly lead singer of the band Alabama, (with his wife Kelly). Photo courtesy of NIH NIH Director Elias Zerhouni, M.D., comments at the awards dinner focused on the vital role medical research plays in improving health care for all ...

Delta Pi Epsilon National Research Conference Proceedings (Indianapolis, Indiana, November 14-16, 1996).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mitchell, Robert B., Ed.

The following are among the 34 papers included: "An Assessment of Support Staff Training in Public Two-Year Colleges" (Kuceyeski); "Attitude and Motivation of Vocational Student Teachers toward Teaching Commerce and Entrepreneurship" (Pihie, Elias); "Barriers Adult Office Education Students Encounter in Pursuit of…

A faster 1.375-approximation algorithm for sorting by transpositions.

PubMed

Cunha, Luís Felipe I; Kowada, Luis Antonio B; Hausen, Rodrigo de A; de Figueiredo, Celina M H

2015-11-01

Sorting by Transpositions is an NP-hard problem for which several polynomial-time approximation algorithms have been developed. Hartman and Shamir (2006) developed a 1.5-approximation [Formula: see text] algorithm, whose running time was improved to O(nlogn) by Feng and Zhu (2007) with a data structure they defined, the permutation tree. Elias and Hartman (2006) developed a 1.375-approximation O(n(2)) algorithm, and Firoz et al. (2011) claimed an improvement to the running time, from O(n(2)) to O(nlogn), by using the permutation tree. We provide counter-examples to the correctness of Firoz et al.'s strategy, showing that it is not possible to reach a component by sufficient extensions using the method proposed by them. In addition, we propose a 1.375-approximation algorithm, modifying Elias and Hartman's approach with the use of permutation trees and achieving O(nlogn) time.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zou, Junjie; Jiao, Yuanyong, E-mail: wishlucky@163.com, E-mail: johemail@163.com; Zhang, Xiwei

PurposeTo examine the safety, feasibility, and mid-term efficacy of the chimney technique for aortic arch pathologies.MethodsFrom February 2011 to December 2014, a total of 35 patients (30 men; mean age 54.3 ± 14.1 years) with aortic arch pathologies underwent thoracic endovascular aortic repair combined with chimney stents. The indication was a proximal landing zone <1.5 cm. Follow-up was performed at 3, 6, and 12 months and then yearly thereafter.ResultsA total of 36 chimney stents were deployed (innominate artery, n = 1; left common carotid artery, n = 9; right subclavian artery, n = 1; left subclavian artery, n = 25). The technical success rate was 94.3 % (33/35). Immediate type Ia endoleaks (ELIa) weremore » observed in two patients (8.6 %, 2/35). Twenty-five patients were successfully followed-up for a median period of 29.3 months (range, 6–48 months). One patient died due to aortic dissection aneurysm rupture at 36 months (mortality rate of 4 %, 1/25). Three late ELIa were observed and no reinterventions were performed. The overall incidence of ELIa was 20 % (5/25). During follow-up, the patency rate for chimney stents was 92 % (23/25).ConclusionOur limited experience demonstrates that the chimney technique is a viable and relatively safe treatment for patients with challenging thoracic aortic pathologies at least in the mid-term follow-up period.« less

76 FR 52690 - Final Environmental Impact Statement on Nabesna Off-Road Vehicle Management Plan, Wrangell-St...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-23

...-Road Vehicle Management Plan, Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve AGENCY: National Park... a Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS) on Off-Road Vehicle Management in the Nabesna District... preferred alternative and four action alternatives for management of off-road vehicles in the Nabesna...

TRIMS: Validating T2 Molecular Effects for Neutrino Mass Experiments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lin, Ying-Ting; Bodine, Laura; Enomoto, Sanshiro; Kallander, Matthew; Machado, Eric; Parno, Diana; Robertson, Hamish; Trims Collaboration

2017-01-01

The upcoming KATRIN and Project 8 experiments will measure the model-independent effective neutrino mass through the kinematics near the endpoint of tritium beta-decay. A critical systematic, however, is the understanding of the molecular final-state distribution populated by tritium decay. In fact, the current theory incorporated in the KATRIN analysis framework predicts an observable that disagrees with an experimental result from the 1950s. The Tritium Recoil-Ion Mass Spectrometer (TRIMS) experiment will reexamine branching ratio of the molecular tritium (T2) beta decay to the bound state (3HeT+). TRIMS consists of a magnet-guided time-of-flight mass spectrometer with a detector located on each end. By measuring the kinetic energy and time-of-flight difference of the ions and beta particles reaching the detectors, we will be able to distinguish molecular ions from atomic ones and hence derive the ratio in question.We will give an update on simulation software, analysis tools, and the apparatus, including early commissioning results. U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics, Award Number DE-FG02-97ER41020.

Philosophies of Adult Environmental Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Walter, Pierre

2009-01-01

This article offers a typology of philosophical traditions in environmental education for adults, based on five philosophical perspectives of adult education described by Elias and Merriam. These five traditions are liberal, progressive, behaviorist, humanist, and radical adult environmental education, respectively. A summary of each philosophy's…

Identifying Configurations of Higher Education: Reflections on Concepts That Compare Complex Cultural Settings

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Alheit, Peter

2013-01-01

This paper examines the idea of qualitative comparing in order to create a "heuristic concept" that will enable relational structures to be examined, drawing on the sociological tradition founded by Norbert Elias. Subsequently, an empirical research example -- the comparison of three "mentality spaces" in post-socialist…

Training Needs in Gerontology. Hearings, Special Committee on Aging, United States Senate. Part 2.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Congress of the U.S., Washington, DC. Senate Special Committee on Aging.

At the second day of hearings on training needs in gerontology the witnesses were Stephen Kurzman accompanied by Arthur S. Flemming, John Lapp, Gerald D. LaVeck; George Maddox; Elias Cohen; Wilma Donahue; Brin Hawkins with Lettie Graves and Yolanda Owens; and John B. Martin. (MS)

Education for Social Change: Highlander Education in the Appalachian Mountains and Study Circles in Sweden

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chang, Bo

2013-01-01

The article explores how education promotes social change. Using the philosophical foundations of adult education outlined by Elias and Merriam (2001, "Philosophical foundations of adult education" (3rd ed.), Krieger) as an analytical framework, the article compares the similarities and differences between popular education forms in two…

Hispanos en la EPA: Elias Rodríguez

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

La diversidad de la fuerza laboral es importante para la Agencia de Protección Ambiental de EE.UU. (EPA, por sus siglas en inglés). Los empleados hispanos de la EPA contribuyen diariamente hacia la protección de la salud y el medio ambiente.

Internationalization, Globalization and Relationship Networks as an Epistemological Framework Based on Comparative Studies in Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

García, Amelia Molina; Lara, José Luis Horacio Andrade

2016-01-01

In this paper we present some thoughts on the epistemological framework of comparative studies in education. We present some concepts on the internationalization, globalization and inter-relation networks, based on Jürgen Schriewer, Immanuel Wallerstein, and Norbert Elias's theoretical concepts. These reflections were built within the framework of…

Toward Lifelong Visual Localization and Mapping

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-06-01

lab, Michael Benjamin, Rob Truax, Aisha Walcott, David Rosen, Mark VanMiddlesworth, Ross Finman, Elias Mueggler, and Dehann Fourie. They really made...S. Thrun, M. Beetz, M. Bennewitz, W. Burgard, AB Cremers , F. Dellaert, D. Fox, D. Hahnel, C. Rosenberg, N. Roy, J. Schulte, and D. Schulz. Proba

36 CFR 13.1904 - Kennecott Mines National Historic Landmark (KNHL).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Kennecott Mines National Historic Landmark (KNHL). 13.1904 Section 13.1904 Parks, Forests, and Public Property NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SYSTEM UNITS IN ALASKA Special Regulations-Wrangell-St. Elias...

36 CFR 13.1908 - Slana Developed Area (SDA).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Slana Developed Area (SDA). 13.1908 Section 13.1908 Parks, Forests, and Public Property NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SYSTEM UNITS IN ALASKA Special Regulations-Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and...

Sustaining Professional Learning Communities. The Soul of Educational Leadership Series

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Blankstein, Alan M., Ed.; Houston, Paul D., Ed.; Cole, Robert W., Ed.

2007-01-01

The third volume of "The Soul of Educational Leadership" series offers key concepts and strategies for sustaining the critically important work of professional learning communities. With contributions from Shirley Hord, Maurice Elias, Karen Seashore Louis, Andy Hargreaves, and other nationally known educators, this essential reading for all school…

77 FR 9961 - Notice of Availability

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-21

... accordance with the provisions of 36 CFR 9.17, Randy Elliott has filed a proposed plan of operations to conduct mining operations on lands embracing Mineral Survey No. 923, patented mineral property within Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve. Public Availability: This plan of operations is available...

The Provision of School Assemblies as a Primary Prevention Psycho-Educational Strategy, for Early Adolescents in Middle School

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kingsley-Scott, Janis

2012-01-01

School psychologists are becoming more and more involved in helping our youth to learn better coping strategies, decision making skills, and develop tolerance with others. According to Elias (2002), school psychologists are valuable resources for early adolescents to learn skills necessary to avoid high-risk behaviors, including alcohol and drug…

Eventos de Julio (July Events).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pla, Myrna; Toro, Leonor

Written in Spanish, this booklet contains brief information on 10 July events celebrated by Puerto Ricans: United States Declaration of Independence; the birthdays of P.T. Barnum, Elias Howe, John Quincy Adams, Luis Munoz Rivera, and Simon Bolivar; Marisol Malaret (first puerto Rican to be "Miss Universe"); Puerto Rican Constitution; Las…

Issues in Education: Emotional Intelligences--A Missing Link in Educating Our Youth

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jacob, Shirley W.; Wadlington, Elizabeth; Enloe, Alicia

2012-01-01

The ultimate goal of education is to provide individuals with the emotional and academic skills necessary for academic and workplace success, as well as to develop informed and responsible community members (Elias, Arnold, & Hussey, 2003). Recent years have seen an explosion of deep interest, debate, and even controversy regarding concepts related…

Questioning the Homogenization of Irregular Migrants in Educational Policy: From (Il)Legal Residence to Inclusive Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hemelsoet, Elias

2011-01-01

In this article Elias Hemelsoet questions the way irregular migrants are approached in educational policymaking. In most cases, estimations of the number of irregular migrants serve--despite large methodological problems--as a starting point for policymaking. Given the very diverse composition of this group of people, the question is whether…

75 FR 51103 - Notice of Public Meetings for the National Park Service (NPS) Alaska Region's Subsistence...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-18

... SRC and Wrangell-St. Elias SRC plan to meet to develop and continue work on National Park Service (NPS... SRC Meeting Date and Location: The Lake Clark National Park SRC meeting will be held on Tuesday... Alaska Regional Office, at (907) 644- 3603. Aniakchak National Monument SRC Meeting Date and Location...

Adult and Child Identities in Irish Primary Schools, c.1830-1909

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dolan, Paddy

2016-01-01

Drawing on teaching manuals, government reports and school inspectors' reports from the 1830s up to the early twentieth century, this paper traces the changing conceptual and social distance between childhood and adulthood in Ireland. Using Norbert Elias's figurational approach, it is argued that children became increasingly involved in both…

Environmental Support to Amphibious Craft, Patrol Boats, and Coastal Ships: An Annotated Bibliography

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-03-05

article describes the utility of the system to provide information on water level changes around Tampa Bay during Hurricane Andrew. Such a system could...sufficient observations. 85. Wyatt, Lucy R., Jim J. Green, Klaus-Werner Gurgel, Jose C. Nieto Borge, Konstanze Reichert, Katrin Hessner, Heinz Günther...through the ecosystems, and (5) patterns, frequencies and effects of disturbances such as hurricanes , landuse changes or forest harvesting. 99. Marine

75 FR 26273 - Notice of Public Meeting and Teleconference for the National Park Service Alaska Region's...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-11

... National Park SRC will conduct a meeting and teleconference to develop and continue work on National Park... the park superintendent in approximately six weeks after June 9, 2010. Before including your address...-St. Elias National Park and Preserve office at 907-822-5234 or 907-822-7236, at least 72 hours prior...

A Correction for Recruitment Bias in Norms Derived from Meta-Analysis

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Williams, J. Michael; Cottle, Cindy C.

2011-01-01

Normative comparisons are an integral component of neuropsychological test interpretation and provide the basis for an inference of abnormal function and impairment. In order to remedy a deficit of normative standards for a large number of neuropsychology tests, Mitrushina, Boone, Razani, and D'Elia (2005) used the meta-analysis of studies that…

Preventing School Problems--Promoting School Success: Strategies and Programs That Work.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Minke, Kathleen M., Ed.; Bear, George C., Ed.

This book discusses the prevention of problems and the promotion of success for school children today. Chapters include: (1) "Preventing Aggression and Violence" (George G. Bear, Carolyn Webster-Stratton, Michael J. Furlong, and Sabrina Rhee); (2) "Promoting Social and Emotional Competence in Children" (Joseph E. Zins, Maurice J. Elias, Mark T.…

Biopower and the "Civilisation" of Children's Bodies in a Preschool Bathroom: An Australian Case Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cliff, Ken; Millei, Zsuzsa

2011-01-01

In this article, the authors explore a vital, if rarely focused upon, space in early childhood settings (0-5 years): the bathroom. In bathrooms, more or less fundamental biological, self-care, and "civilising" (Elias 1978) processes are performed by children, such as those related to personal hygiene, the management of bodily discharges,…

Commentary: Implementing Social-Emotional and Academic Innovations--Reflections, Reactions, and Research

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Elliott, Stephen N.; Kratochwill, Thomas R.; Roach, Andrew T.

2003-01-01

The article "Implementation, Sustainability, and Scaling Up of Social-Emotional and Academic Innovations in Public Schools" by Elias, Zins, Graczyk, and Weissberg (2003) is a thought-provoking contribution, and one that begs for more application. Some of the points the authors raise have been articulated in the school and clinical evidence-based…

Configurations of Activity: From the Coupling of Individual Actions to the Emergence of Collective Activity. A Study of Mathematics Teaching Situation in Primary School

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Veyrunes, Philippe; Gal-Petitfaux, Nathalie; Durand, Marc

2009-01-01

This article presents and uses the notion of configuration of activity, which extends the Norbert Elias's original concept of social configuration based on the study and analysis of individual and collective activity. Although this concept embraces all types of social activities, in the present study the authors used it to describe and analyse…

36 CFR 13.1904 - Kennecott Mines National Historic Landmark (KNHL).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SYSTEM UNITS IN ALASKA Special Regulations-Wrangell-St. Elias... and other mine openings; (c) Camping in or on any historic structure; and (d) Camping within the mill... center; and (e) Lighting or maintaining a fire within the mill site as defined in paragraph (d) of this...

Pathways to Knowledge Work.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cully, Mark

A study examined how the occupational structure of the Australian labor market evolved and how individuals fared in the process. It identified issues in defining skill and knowledge and followed Elias and McKnight (2001) in stating that sufficient evidence showed a very high correlation between job-required cognitive ability and ordinal skill…

Teacher Job Satisfaction as Related to Student Performance on State-Mandated Testing

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Crawford, James Douglas

2017-01-01

The growing demand placed upon educators has taken a toll on the profession (Walker, 2014). Teacher burnout, stress, and unhappiness may be predestined unless administrators recognize how to prevent these from happening (Elias, 2012). The intent of this quantitative study was to survey teachers in southwest Missouri to determine their level of job…

A Promising Practice: Social Emotional Learning in Teacher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rich, Jennifer Eve

2016-01-01

It is difficult to imagine any classroom teacher who is not concerned with helping students develop skills to recognize and address their feelings, solve conflicts appropriately, help their peers, and contribute in positive ways to the world in which they live to some degree (Elias et al., 1997; Weissberg, Durlak, Domitrovitch, & Gullotta,…

Kassiopeia: a modern, extensible C++ particle tracking package

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Furse, Daniel; Groh, Stefan; Trost, Nikolaus

The Kassiopeia particle tracking framework is an object-oriented software package using modern C++ techniques, written originally to meet the needs of the KATRIN collaboration. Kassiopeia features a new algorithmic paradigm for particle tracking simulations which targets experiments containing complex geometries and electromagnetic fields, with high priority put on calculation efficiency, customizability, extensibility, and ease-of-use for novice programmers. To solve Kassiopeia's target physics problem the software is capable of simulating particle trajectories governed by arbitrarily complex differential equations of motion, continuous physics processes that may in part be modeled as terms perturbing that equation of motion, stochastic processes that occur inmore » flight such as bulk scattering and decay, and stochastic surface processes occurring at interfaces, including transmission and reflection effects. This entire set of computations takes place against the backdrop of a rich geometry package which serves a variety of roles, including initialization of electromagnetic field simulations and the support of state-dependent algorithm-swapping and behavioral changes as a particle's state evolves. Thanks to the very general approach taken by Kassiopeia it can be used by other experiments facing similar challenges when calculating particle trajectories in electromagnetic fields. It is publicly available at https://github.com/KATRIN-Experiment/Kassiopeia.« less

Kassiopeia: a modern, extensible C++ particle tracking package

DOE PAGES

Furse, Daniel; Groh, Stefan; Trost, Nikolaus; ...

2017-05-16

The Kassiopeia particle tracking framework is an object-oriented software package using modern C++ techniques, written originally to meet the needs of the KATRIN collaboration. Kassiopeia features a new algorithmic paradigm for particle tracking simulations which targets experiments containing complex geometries and electromagnetic fields, with high priority put on calculation efficiency, customizability, extensibility, and ease-of-use for novice programmers. To solve Kassiopeia's target physics problem the software is capable of simulating particle trajectories governed by arbitrarily complex differential equations of motion, continuous physics processes that may in part be modeled as terms perturbing that equation of motion, stochastic processes that occur inmore » flight such as bulk scattering and decay, and stochastic surface processes occurring at interfaces, including transmission and reflection effects. This entire set of computations takes place against the backdrop of a rich geometry package which serves a variety of roles, including initialization of electromagnetic field simulations and the support of state-dependent algorithm-swapping and behavioral changes as a particle's state evolves. Thanks to the very general approach taken by Kassiopeia it can be used by other experiments facing similar challenges when calculating particle trajectories in electromagnetic fields. It is publicly available at https://github.com/KATRIN-Experiment/Kassiopeia.« less

Kassiopeia: a modern, extensible C++ particle tracking package

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Furse, Daniel; Groh, Stefan; Trost, Nikolaus; Babutzka, Martin; Barrett, John P.; Behrens, Jan; Buzinsky, Nicholas; Corona, Thomas; Enomoto, Sanshiro; Erhard, Moritz; Formaggio, Joseph A.; Glück, Ferenc; Harms, Fabian; Heizmann, Florian; Hilk, Daniel; Käfer, Wolfgang; Kleesiek, Marco; Leiber, Benjamin; Mertens, Susanne; Oblath, Noah S.; Renschler, Pascal; Schwarz, Johannes; Slocum, Penny L.; Wandkowsky, Nancy; Wierman, Kevin; Zacher, Michael

2017-05-01

The Kassiopeia particle tracking framework is an object-oriented software package using modern C++ techniques, written originally to meet the needs of the KATRIN collaboration. Kassiopeia features a new algorithmic paradigm for particle tracking simulations which targets experiments containing complex geometries and electromagnetic fields, with high priority put on calculation efficiency, customizability, extensibility, and ease-of-use for novice programmers. To solve Kassiopeia's target physics problem the software is capable of simulating particle trajectories governed by arbitrarily complex differential equations of motion, continuous physics processes that may in part be modeled as terms perturbing that equation of motion, stochastic processes that occur in flight such as bulk scattering and decay, and stochastic surface processes occurring at interfaces, including transmission and reflection effects. This entire set of computations takes place against the backdrop of a rich geometry package which serves a variety of roles, including initialization of electromagnetic field simulations and the support of state-dependent algorithm-swapping and behavioral changes as a particle’s state evolves. Thanks to the very general approach taken by Kassiopeia it can be used by other experiments facing similar challenges when calculating particle trajectories in electromagnetic fields. It is publicly available at https://github.com/KATRIN-Experiment/Kassiopeia.

Crustal Structure and Deformation of the Yakutat Microplate: New Insights From STEEP Marine Seismic Reflection Data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lowe, L. A.; Gulick, S. P.; Christeson, G.; van Avendonk, H.; Reece, R.; Elmore, R.; Pavlis, T.

2008-12-01

In fall 2008, we will conduct an active source marine seismic experiment of the offshore Yakutat microplate in the northern Gulf of Alaska. The survey will be conducted aboard the academic research vessel, R/V Marcus Langseth, collecting deep-penetrating multi-channel seismic reflection survey using an 8-km, 640 channel hydrophone streamer and a 6600 cu. in., 36 airgun array. The survey is the concluding data acquisition phase for the ST. Elias Erosion and tectonics Project (STEEP), a multi-institution NSF-Continental Dynamics project investigating the interplay of climate and tectonics in the Chugach-St. Elias Mountains in southern Alaska. The experiment will also provide important site survey information for possible future Integrated Ocean Drilling Program investigations. Two profiles coincident with wide-angle refraction data (see Christeson, et al., this session) will image structural changes across the Dangerous River Zone from east to west and the Transition Fault from south to north. We will also image the western portion of the Transition Fault to determine the nature of faulting along this boundary including whether or not the Pacific Plate is underthrusting beneath the Yakutat microplate as part of this collision. Our westernmost profile will image the Kayak Island Zone, typically described as the northern extension of the Aleutian megathrust but which may be a forming suture acting as a deformation backstop for the converging Yakutat and North American plates. Profiles across the Pamplona Zone, the current Yakutat-North America deformation front, will further constrain relative timing of structural development and the depth of deformation on the broad folds and thrust faults that comprise the area. This new dataset will allow further insight into regional tectonics of the St. Elias region as well as provide more detail regarding the development of the south Alaskan margin during major Plio-Pleistocene glacial- interglacial periods.

Inventory of marine and estuarine fishes in southeast and central Alaska National Parks

USGS Publications Warehouse

Arimitsu, Mayumi L.; Litzow, Michael A.; Piatt, John F.; Robards, Martin D.; Abookire, Alisa A.; Drew, Gary S.

2003-01-01

As part of a national inventory program funded by the National Park Service, we conducted an inventory of marine and estuarine fishes in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve, Sitka National Historical Park, and Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park in 2001 and 2002. In addition, marine fish data from a previous project that focused on forage fishes and marine predators during 1999 and 2000 in Glacier Bay proper were compiled for this study. Sampling was conducted with modified herring and Isaacs-Kidd midwater trawls, a plumb staff beam trawl, and beach seines. Species lists of relative abundance were generated for nearshore fishes in all parks, and for demersal and pelagic fishes in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve and Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve. With a total sampling effort of 531 sets, we captured 100 species in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, 31 species in Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve, 23 species in Sitka National Historical Park, and 11 species in Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park. We estimated that between 59 and 85 percent of the total marine fish species present were sampled by us in the various habitat-park units. We also combined these data with historical records and prepared an annotated species list of 160 marine and estuarine fishes known to occur in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve. Shannon-Wiener diversity index and catch per unit effort were used to assess the effects of depth and latitude (distance from tidewater glaciers) on marine fish community ecology in Glacier Bay proper. Our findings suggest that demersal fishes are more abundant and diverse with increased distance from tidewater glaciers, and that pelagic fishes sampled deeper than 50 m are more abundant in areas closer to tidewater glaciers.

Seismic component of the STEEP project, Alaska: Results of the first field season

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hansen, R. A.; Estes, S.; Stachnik, J.; Lafevers, M.; Roush, J.; Sanches, R.; Fuerst, E.; Sandru, J.; Ruppert, N.; Pavlis, G.; Bauer, M.

2005-12-01

STEEP (SainT Elias Erosion/tectonics Project) is a five year, multi-disciplinary study that addresses evolution of the highest coastal mountain range on Earth - the St. Elias Mountains of southern Alaska and northwestern Canada. The overall goal of the project is to develop a comprehensive model for the St. Elias orogen that accounts for the interaction of regional plate tectonic processes, structural development, and rapid erosion. The seismic component of this project includes passive seismic experiment utilizing the IRIS PASSCAL Program instruments. The total project consists of 22 new, telemetered, digital broad band seismic stations, most accessible by helicopter only. There are 12 existing short period stations in the area. Eight new stations were installed in the coastal region in June 2005. Freewave IP radios provide the telemetry to the newly installed VSAT at the Bering Glacier camp site. The challenge was to find ice-free locations, on bedrock, large enough to install equipment and still have a helicopter landing zone nearby. The stations consist of Quanterra Q330 digitizers with baler, a STS-2 seismometer installed in a vault, a Freewave IP radio, a Scala 900 Mhz antenna, twenty 100 AH rechargeable batteries with a 2400AH backup Celair primary battery, and three solar panels mounted on hut. The acquired data is recorded in real time at the Alaska Earthquake Information Center located in Fairbanks and is incorporated into the standard data processing procedures. High quality data allows for more reliable automatic earthquake detections in the region with lower magnitude threshold. In addition to tectonic earthquakes, glacial events that occur within the vast ice fields of the region are also regularly detected. Broadband instruments complement regional broadband network for more reliable calculations of the regional moment tensors.

DIRECT DETERMINATION OF THE HF/H{sub 2} ABUNDANCE RATIO IN INTERSTELLAR GAS

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Indriolo, Nick; Neufeld, D. A.; Seifahrt, A.

2013-02-20

We report the first detection of the v = 1-0, R(0) ro-vibrational transition of HF at 2.499385 {mu}m arising from interstellar gas. The line is seen in absorption toward three background sources-HD 154368, Elias 29, and AFGL 2136 IRS 1-all of which have reported H{sub 2} column densities determined from observations of H{sub 2}. This allows for the first direct determination of the HF/H{sub 2} abundance ratio. We find values of N(HF)/N(H{sub 2}) = 1.15 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup -8} and 0.69 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup -8} for HD 154368 and Elias 29, respectively. The sight line toward AFGL 2136 IRS 1 also showsmore » absorption from the v = 1-0, R(1) transition of HF, indicating warm, dense (n {sub H} {approx}> 10{sup 9} cm{sup -3}) gas, likely very close to the central protostar. Ascribing portions of the HF absorption to warm and cold gas, we find N(HF)/N(H{sub 2}) = (1.7-2.9) Multiplication-Sign 10{sup -8} and (0.33-0.58) Multiplication-Sign 10{sup -8} for the two components, respectively. Except for the warm component toward AFGL 2136 IRS 1, all observed HF/H{sub 2} ratios are well below N(HF)/N(H{sub 2}) = 3.6 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup -8}, the value predicted if nearly all gas phase fluorine is in the form of HF. Models of fluorine chemistry that account for depletion onto grains are able to reproduce the results toward HD 154368, but not in the cold, dense gas toward AFGL 2136 IRS 1 and Elias 29. Most likely, some combinations of simplifying assumptions made in the chemical models are responsible for these discrepancies.« less

The Body's Civilisation/Decivilisation: Emotional, Social, and Historical Tensions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Veiga, Cynthia

2018-01-01

In this article, I discuss the paradoxes of the body's civilising processes in dialogue with Norbert Elias's sociological theory. As a premise, I contend that modernity's civilising rationality has taken the body, the senses, and emotions in such a fragmented manner that we sometimes lose sight of the dimension that body and person are…

What's Happening in July?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Toro, Leonor; And Others

Designed as a teacher resource, the booklet provides brief information on eight July events: Independence Day; The Patron Saint Festivals and the Festival of Loiza, celebrated by Puerto Ricans; and the birthdays of P. T. Barnum, Elias Howe, John Quincy Adams, Luis Munoz Rivera, and Simon Bolivar. Information is provided on the Declaration of…

76 FR 1458 - Public Meeting for the National Park Service Alaska Region's Subsistence Resource Commission (SRC...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-10

... Plan Update. c. Subsistence Uses of Horns, Antlers, Bones and Plants EA Update. 13. New Business. 14... guarantee that we will be able to do so. Wrangell-St. Elias National Park SRC Meeting Date and Location: The... if all business is completed. For Further Information on the Gates of the Arctic National Park SRC...

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Meru, Farzana; Juhász, Attila; Ilee, John D.

The young star Elias 2–27 has recently been observed to posses a massive circumstellar disk with two prominent large-scale spiral arms. In this Letter, we perform three-dimensional Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics simulations, radiative transfer modeling, synthetic ALMA imaging, and an unsharped masking technique to explore three possibilities for the origin of the observed structures—an undetected companion either internal or external to the spirals, and a self-gravitating disk. We find that a gravitationally unstable disk and a disk with an external companion can produce morphology that is consistent with the observations. In addition, for the latter, we find that the companion couldmore » be a relatively massive planetary-mass companion (≲10–13 M {sub Jup}) and located at large radial distances (between ≈300–700 au). We therefore suggest that Elias 2–27 may be one of the first detections of a disk undergoing gravitational instabilities, or a disk that has recently undergone fragmentation to produce a massive companion.« less

A Transition in Atmospheric Moisture Transport as Observed in Stable Isotope Data From Mount Wrangell

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Moore, K.; Field, R.; Benson, C.

2007-12-01

Measurements made at the summit of Mount Wrangell in the Saint Elias Mountains during a storm in early August 1980 show a change in δ18O that approaches that normally observed to occur between winter and summer in the same region. We explore the synoptic-scale conditions associated with this storm with a view to understanding the processes responsible for this large change in δ18O. Using a variety of diagnostic techniques including satellite imagery, reanalysis data and back-trajectories, we show that during this event there was a dramatic transition in the atmospheric moisture transport to Mount Wrangell from a sub-tropical source region over the central Pacific to an extra-tropical source region over Siberia. This transition was mediated by the interaction of two synoptic-scale weather systems, the semi-permanent high situated over the northeastern Pacific Ocean and a transient extra-tropical cyclone that entered the Alaska region from the west. The implications that such events have on the reconstruction of climate signals contained in ice cores from the Saint Elias region will be discussed.

Petroleum Independence: A Business Case and Strategy

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-04-14

examples of this are the OPEC increases in 1973-74, Iranian Revolution of 1979, 1990 Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, and the Katrina hurricane disaster in 2005...retreat of glaciers.88 More hurricanes , droughts, and tropical diseases are likely caused by the fact that our last decade was reported as the hottest in...filelibrary/ Katrin aSlides.pdf ; Internet; accessed on December 7, 2005. Economic 37 lower-priced energy, and improved energy efficiencies. Regardless of

Education and Training Issues Related to Major Disasters

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-11-04

Mississippi that were affected by Hurricane Katrine would be permitted to reduce their academic year from 30 weeks of instructional time to 26 weeks... hurricanes . In addition, it is estimated that approximately 30 institutions of higher education (IHEs) in the affected areas have been severely damaged...of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita on employment probably resulted in the loss of between 293,000 and 480,000 jobs. Many of these individuals will not

Regulation of the Response to Radiotherapy and Hyperthermia in Prostate Cancer by the 26s Proteasome

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-04-01

Didanosine had been used in 62.5% of patients with gynaecomastia compared with 44.3% of indi- Volker Paech, Thore Lorenzen, Ariane von Krosigk, viduals...without disease. Nelfinavir was given to 62.5% Katrin Graefe, Albrecht Stoehr and And as Plettenberg, of the individuals with gynaecomastia . but was...any. Gynaecomastia caused by HAART has been reported Received: 10 January 2002;’acc ted: 15 January 2002. for several drugs, e.g. efavirenz

AFRRI (Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute) Reports, October-December 1989

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-02-01

lack receptors for rhGM-CSF [16]. t.:is timu- (201. In contrast. Antman et al. reported that in patients with lation is likely to be mediated through...O*Hara PJ. Berkner K. Segal GM. Hagen FS. 22. Antman KS. Griffin JD. Elias A. Socinski M1A. Ryan L, Can- Adamson 1W 11986) Genomic cloning

77 FR 4578 - Alaska Region's Subsistence Resource Commission (SRC) Program

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-30

... will start at 9:30 a.m. and conclude at 5 p.m. On February 28, 2012, the commission will reconvene and meet from 9 a.m. until business is completed. For Further Information On the Wrangell-St. Elias... Status 9. Election of Officers a. Chair b. Vice Chair 10. Chairman's Report 11. Old Business a. Draft...

Children at Work.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mendelievich, Elias, Ed.

The aim of this book is to examine the problem of child labor in various parts of the world: to make the phenomenon known, to analyze its causes, and to propose possible solutions. In Part I (by Elias Mendelievich), an introduction first outlines the problem. Chapter 2 examines pertinent international and national legislation and the International…

Meeting of the Society for Research on Biological Rhythms (2nd) Held in Jacksonville, Florida on 9-13 May 1990. Programs and Abstracts

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-04-30

3 Maps Session Room s ....................................................... 4 Tram Schedule ...5 A m elia Island ......................................................... 6 Program Schedule ...Ballroom B 2 Ballroom A _ __ Seminar Rooms 4 and 5 4 -4- TRAM SCHEDULE 6 Tj A-eia is arc- 5a t a ’: 1cI.YARSHSIDE ca -,a -s, c -- s TRAM z:S-- - a-’s

The Film. The Bobbs-Merrill Series in Composition and Rhetoric.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sarris, Andrew, Ed.

Prefaced by a brief discussion of early films and film criticism, 10 essays treat selected modern directors and their works. Essays on Stanley Kubrick's "Lolita," the early works of Elia Kazan, and the response of French critics to Jerry Lewis explore the American scene, while Francois Truffaut's "Jules and Jim," the early work of Robert Bressen,…

France: Factors Shaping Foreign Policy, and Issues in U.S.-French Relations

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-01-03

national governments to expend public funds on enhancing the competitiveness of key companies. See Bennhold, Katrin , “ Sarkozy Urges Europe to Forge...consternés par la fragilité de leur puissance,” Le Monde, Sept. 3, 2005, p. 3; “ Hurricane Katrina: French Assistance,” doc. supplied by French embassy, Sept...the United States as having feet of clay. Hurricane Katrina fueled this sentiment. The French media was both puzzled by and critical of the U.S

Modeling and Simulation of a Non-Coherent Frequency Shift Keying Transceiver Using a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-09-01

Convolutional Encoder Block Diagram of code rate 1 2 r = and...most commonly used along with block codes . They were introduced in 1955 by Elias [7]. Convolutional codes are characterized by the code rate kr n... convolutional code for 1 2 r = and = 3κ , namely [7 5], is used. Figure 2 Convolutional Encoder Block Diagram of code rate 1 2 r = and

Prospects for natural world heritage sites in the Northwest Pacific Region

Treesearch

Jim Thorsell

2007-01-01

Alaska, northern British Columbia (BC), and the western portion of the Yukon Territory have extensive areas of wildlands that are matched by protected area systems covering some 20 percent of the land area of the region. One of the most outstanding of these is the Kluane/Wrangell-St. Elias/Glacier Bay/Tatshenshini-Alsek Park complex that is shared by all three...

New upper bounds on the rate of a code via the Delsarte-MacWilliams inequalities

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mceliece, R. J.; Rodemich, E. R.; Rumsey, H., Jr.; Welch, L. R.

1977-01-01

An upper bound on the rate of a binary code as a function of minimum code distance (using a Hamming code metric) is arrived at from Delsarte-MacWilliams inequalities. The upper bound so found is asymptotically less than Levenshtein's bound, and a fortiori less than Elias' bound. Appendices review properties of Krawtchouk polynomials and Q-polynomials utilized in the rigorous proofs.

Magnetic Nanoparticle-Based Imaging of RNA Transcripts in Breast Cancer Cells

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-06-01

iron oxide NPs via thermal decomposition. - Prepared gold-coated iron oxide NPs. - Developed a click chemistry protocol (i.e. Cu-catalyzed terminal...D.L.J., Elias, D.R., Tsourkas, A. (2009) Comparative analysis of nanoparticle-antibody conjugations: carbodiimide versus click chemistry . Submitted...carbodiimide versus click chemistry . Submitted. APPENDICES: 1) Thorek, D.L.J., Tsourkas, A. (2008) Size, charge, and concentration dependent

Dark matter in the local group of galaxies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Morley, P. D.; Buettner, D. J.

We describe the neutrino flavor (e = electron, μ = muon, τ = tau) masses as mi=e,μ,τ = m + Δmi with |Δmi| m < 1 and probably |Δmi| m ≪ 1. The quantity m is the degenerate neutrino mass. Because neutrino flavor is not a quantum number, this degenerate mass appears in the neutrino equation-of-state [P. D. Morley and D. J. Buettner, Int. J. Mod. Phys. D (2014), doi:10.1142/s0218271815500042.]. We apply a Monte Carlo computational physics technique to the Local Group (LG) of galaxies to determine an approximate location for a Dark Matter embedding Condensed Neutrino Object (CNO) [P. D. Morley and D. J. Buettner, Int. J. Mod. Phys. D (2016), doi:10.1142/s0218271816500899.]. The calculation is based on the rotational properties of the only spiral galaxies within the LG: M31, M33 and the Milky Way. CNOs could be the Dark Matter everyone is looking for and we estimate the CNO embedding the LG to have a mass 5.17 × 1015 M⊙ and a radius 1.316 Mpc, with the estimated value of m ≃ 0.8 eV/c2. The up-coming KATRIN experiment [https://www.katrin.kit.edu.] will either be the definitive result or eliminate condensed neutrinos as a Dark Matter candidate.

Absolute neutrino mass measurements

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wolf, Joachim

2011-10-06

The neutrino mass plays an important role in particle physics, astrophysics and cosmology. In recent years the detection of neutrino flavour oscillations proved that neutrinos carry mass. However, oscillation experiments are only sensitive to the mass-squared difference of the mass eigenvalues. In contrast to cosmological observations and neutrino-less double beta decay (0v2{beta}) searches, single {beta}-decay experiments provide a direct, model-independent way to determine the absolute neutrino mass by measuring the energy spectrum of decay electrons at the endpoint region with high accuracy.Currently the best kinematic upper limits on the neutrino mass of 2.2eV have been set by two experiments inmore » Mainz and Troitsk, using tritium as beta emitter. The next generation tritium {beta}-experiment KATRIN is currently under construction in Karlsruhe/Germany by an international collaboration. KATRIN intends to improve the sensitivity by one order of magnitude to 0.2eV. The investigation of a second isotope ({sup 137}Rh) is being pursued by the international MARE collaboration using micro-calorimeters to measure the beta spectrum. The technology needed to reach 0.2eV sensitivity is still in the R and D phase. This paper reviews the present status of neutrino-mass measurements with cosmological data, 0v2{beta} decay and single {beta}-decay.« less

Linking Quaternary Climate Changes to Mountain Building in Southeastern Alaska

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dunn, C. A.; Enkelmann, E.; Allen, W. K.; Ridgway, K.

2015-12-01

The Chugach-St. Elias Mountains in southeastern Alaska exhibit extreme topography as a result of the subduction and collision of the Yakutat microplate with the North American plate. Extensive glaciation in the area, coupled with the active tectonics, makes the Chugach-St. Elias Mountains the ideal site to investigate the resulting spatial and temporal variations in exhumation. The St. Elias Mountains have experienced three major climate changes including the start of regional glaciation at ~5.5 Ma, the onset of glaciation in the Northern Hemisphere during the Plio-Pleistocene Transition to colder temperatures at 2.5 Ma, and a change in global climate cyclicity during the mid-Pleistocene Transition from 1.2-0.7 Ma. Our goal is to determine whether these climate changes result in shifts in the rates and patterns of regional exhumation due to the intensification of glacial erosion. We investigate the late Cenozoic sediments from five boreholes that were drilled by IODP Expedition 341 along a transect crossing the Yakutat shelf (offshore Bering glacier) and into the deep-sea Surveyor Fan in the Gulf of Alaska. Magnetostratigraphy and biostratigraphy on these sediments establish an up to 10 Ma depositional history in the boreholes. To study rock exhumation of the sediment source over time, 17 detrital samples from various depths in the cores were dated using zircon fission track thermochronology. Single grain cooling ages range from 302.8 Ma to 0.2 Ma, and contain composite age populations with peaks coinciding with major regional tectonic events providing information on sediment provenance and exhumation. All single grains were also double dated using U-Pb dating to identify and eliminate volcanic grains from the sample. Common U-Pb age populations are 53, 62, 70, and 98 Ma with minor populations of 117, 154, and 170 Ma. These ages are being used to better constrain sediment provenance and reconstruct past glacial catchments.

Rock Uplift above the Yakutat Megathrust on Montague Island, Prince William Sound, Alaska

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ferguson, K.; Armstrong, P. A.; Haeussler, P. J.; Arkle, J. C.

2011-12-01

The Yakutat microplate is subducting shallowly (~6°) beneath the North American Plate at a rate of approximately 53 mm/yr to the northwest. Deformation from this flat- slab subduction extends >600 km inland and has resulted in regions of focused rock uplift and exhumation in the Alaska Range, central Chugach Mountains, and St. Elias Mountains. Many questions still remain about how strain is partitioned between these regions of focused uplift, particularly in the Prince William Sound (southern Chugach Mountains) on Montague Island. Montague Island (and adjacent Hinchinbrook Island) are ~20 km above the megathrust where there is a large degree of coupling between the subducting Yakutat microplate and overriding North American Plate. Montague Island is of particular interest because it lies between two areas of rapid rock uplift focused in the St. Elias/eastern Chugach Mountains and the western Chugach Mountains. In the St. Elias/eastern Chugach Mountains, faulting related to collisional processes and bending of fault systems causes rapid rock uplift. About 200 km farther northwest in the western Chugach Mountains, recent rock uplift is caused by underplating along the megathrust that is focused within a syntaxial bend of major fault systems and mountain ranges. Montague Island bounds the southern margin of Prince William Sound, and is steep, narrow, and elongate (81 km long and ~15 km wide). The maximum relief is 914 m, making for very steep, mountainous topography considering the narrow width of the island. During the Mw 9.2 earthquake in 1964, the Patton Bay and Hanning Bay reverse faults were reactivated, with 7 and 5 m of vertical offset, respectively. Both faults dip ~60° NW and strike NE-SW parallel to the long-axis of the island and parallel to geomorphic features including lineaments, elongate valleys, and escarpments. Prominent ~450 m high escarpments are present along the SE-facing side of the island, which suggests rapid and sustained uplift. New apatite

Power Pack: U.S. Intervention in the Dominican Republic, 1965-1966 (Leavenworth Papers, Number 15)

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-07-01

Center (Centro de Entrenamiento de las Fuerzas 22 Elias Wessin y Wessin Armadas, or CEFA), an elite group of nearly 2,000 specially trained infan- try...battalion combat team battalion landing team Centro de Entrenamiento de las Fuerzas Armadas (Armed Forces Training Cen- ter) Central Intelligence...operations. As with Lebanon in 1958, the Domin- ican intervention was a joint operation. In general terms, many of the de - ficiencies revealed in joint

Silicon Solar Cell Efficiency Improvement Employing the Photoluminescent, Down-Shifting Effects of Carbon and CdTe Quantum Dots (Open Access Publisher’s Version)

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-03-21

ORIGINAL PAPER Silicon solar cell efficiency improvement employing the photoluminescent, down-shifting effects of carbon and CdTe quantum dots Elias...smaller influence on solar cell performance, they are con- sidered to be a more attractive option due to their afford- ability and minimal impact in the...Photovoltaics Solar cells Introduction There is a generalized trend to demonstrate higher solar cell efficiency with more affordable devices to promote

Targeting Androgen Receptor in Breast Cancer: Enzalutamide as a Novel Breast Cancer Therapeutic

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-09-01

preclinical work. Clinical Aim 3: To determine if changes in molecular determinants between pre-treatment biopsies and tissue at time of disease ...D’Amato NC, Elias A, Richer JK. Androgen receptor biology in triple negative breast cancer: a case for AR+ and quadruple negative disease subtypes...cancer and can we target it? 14th Annual International Congress on the Future of Breast Cancer. PER. Huntington Beach, CA 7/17/15. Inventions

Mapping the human genome

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Annas, G.C.; Elias, S.

1992-01-01

This article is a review of the book Mapping the Human Genome: Using Law and Ethics as Guides, edited by George C. Annas and Sherman Elias. The book is a collection of essays on the subject of using ethics and laws as guides to justify human gene mapping. It addresses specific issues such problems related to eugenics, patents, insurance as well as broad issues such as the societal definitions of normality.

The University of Amsterdam at TREC 2012

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-11-01

lady , weight, ap, loss, major, insurance, rate, role, response, plays, atlanta, rising, oprah, childhood, crescent Table 5: Example topics and their...by the CLARIN-nl program, the Dutch national program COMMIT, the ESF Research Net- work Program ELIAS, the Elite Network Shifts project funded by the...Royal Dutch Academy of Sciences (KNAW), and the Netherlands eScience Center under project number 027.012.105. 6 References [1] Balasubramanian, N. and

Managing consumptive and nonconsumptive use in the United States largest wilderness

Treesearch

Vicki Snitzler; Barbara Cellarius

2007-01-01

With more than 13 million acres (5,260,913 ha) of land and in excess of 9 million acres (3,642,171 ha) of designated Wilderness, Alaska’s Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve is the largest national park in the United States and includes the country’s largest single-name wilderness area. Park managers face a variety of challenges in managing consumptive and...

Unique forbidden beta decays and neutrino mass

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dvornický, Rastislav, E-mail: dvornicky@dnp.fmph.uniba.sk; Comenius University, Mlynská dolina F1, SK-842 48 Bratislava; Šimkovic, Fedor

The measurement of the electron energy spectrum in single β decays close to the endpoint provides a direct determination of the neutrino masses. The most sensitive experiments use β decays with low Q value, e.g. KATRIN (tritium) and MARE (rhenium). We present the theoretical spectral shape of electrons emitted in the first, second, and fourth unique forbidden β decays. Our findings show that the Kurie functions for these unique forbidden β transitions are linear in the limit of massless neutrinos like the Kurie function of the allowed β decay of tritium.

An In Vitro Skin Equivalent for Evaluation of Skin Absorption of Compounds

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-12-01

1023-1033. Uchida, Y., M. Behne, D. Quiec, P. M. Elias, and W. M. Holleran, 2001: Vitamin C Stimulates Sphingolipid Production and Markers of...dermal fibroblasts and human keratinocytes, and conditions such as addition of ascorbic acid are being used to look at effects on morphogenesis...and Epiderm FT ® (Full thickness SE) (MatTek Corporation, Ashland MA, USA) (Bernard, F.- X., Barrault, C . et al. 2000;Boelsma, E., Gibbs, S. et al

Agricultural Manpower Shortage in World War II: Analysis of a Historical Operational Environment

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-12-14

Americans to add soybeans to their diet as a protein substitute (Elias 2009, 22). Modern attitudes towards tofu and soy milk should quickly make...foods like milk and meat. They argue that countries must maintain a balance between livestock and grain production during wartime and that, although...nation had been at peace for almost 15 years (Cochrane 1979, 350). The terms of trade were so favorable, in fact, that exports of raw food products

East Europe Report

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-01-06

76 POLITICS HÜNGARY REASONS FOR NEW PARLIAMENT INTERPEIIATION RULES PROBED Budapest MAGYAR IFJUSAG in Hungarian 24 Oct 86 p 8 [Article by Laszlo...POLITICS HUNGARY SUPERESSION OF HISTORIC FACTS CLAIMED DANGEROUS Budapest MAGYAR IFJUSAG in Hungarian 17 Oct 86 p 35 [Comments by Andras Elias: "What...as the HISTORIA or the MAGYAR IFJUSAG. There are also good books being published on the subject. 82 But when will we have good textbooks? To be

Sulfur Dioxide Emission Rates of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, 1979-1997

USGS Publications Warehouse

Elias, Tamar; Sutton, A.J.; Stokes, J.B.; Casadevall, T.J.

1998-01-01

INTRODUCTION Sulfur dioxide (SO2) emission rates from Kilauea Volcano were first measured by Stoiber and Malone (1975) and have been measured on a regular basis since 1979 (Casadevall and others, 1987; Greenland and others, 1985; Elias and others, 1993; Elias and Sutton, 1996). The purpose of this report is to present a compilation of Kilauea SO2 emission rate data from 1979 through 1997 with ancillary meteorological data (wind speed and wind direction). We have included measurements previously reported by Casadevall and others (1987) for completeness and to improve the usefulness of this current database compilation. Kilauea releases SO2 gas predominantly from its summit caldera and rift zones (fig. 1). From 1979 through 1982, vehicle-based COSPEC measurements made within the summit caldera were adequate to quantify most of the SO2 emitted from the volcano. Beginning in 1983. the focus of SO2 release shifted from the summit to the east rift zone (ERZ) eruption site at Pu'u 'O'o and, later, Kupaianaha. Since 1984, the Kilauea gas measurement effort has been augmented with intermittent airborne and tripod-based surveys made near the ERZ eruption site. In addition, beginning in 1992 vehicle-based measurements have been made along a section of Chain of Craters Road approximately 9 km downwind of the eruption site. These several types of COSPEC measurements continue to the present.

Grand-design Spiral Arms in a Young Forming Circumstellar Disk

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tomida, Kengo; Lin, Chia Hui; Machida, Masahiro N.

We study formation and long-term evolution of a circumstellar disk in a collapsing molecular cloud core using a resistive magnetohydrodynamic simulation. While the formed circumstellar disk is initially small, it grows as accretion continues, and its radius becomes as large as 200 au toward the end of the Class-I phase. A pair of grand-design spiral arms form due to gravitational instability in the disk, and they transfer angular momentum in the highly resistive disk. Although the spiral arms disappear in a few rotations as expected in a classical theory, new spiral arms form recurrently as the disk, soon becoming unstablemore » again by gas accretion. Such recurrent spiral arms persist throughout the Class-0 and I phases. We then perform synthetic observations and compare our model with a recent high-resolution observation of a young stellar object Elias 2–27, whose circumstellar disk has grand-design spiral arms. We find good agreement between our theoretical model and the observation. Our model suggests that the grand-design spiral arms around Elias 2–27 are consistent with material arms formed by gravitational instability. If such spiral arms commonly exist in young circumstellar disks, it implies that young circumstellar disks are considerably massive and gravitational instability is the key process of angular momentum transport.« less

Early Language and Intercultural Acquisition Studies (ELIAS). Final Report. Public Part

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kersten, Kristin, Ed.

2008-01-01

More than ever before, educational institutions are called upon to prepare young children for the demands of an increasingly globalised world and the challenges of preserving our biosphere upon which all human life depends. In order to provide them with the personal and professional foundations they need to participate in a multilingual and…

Experimental Analysis of Team Performance Effectiveness: Incentive and Training Factors.

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-06-30

E 1.0 ~ .3 Mir 5 (,,CPY RESOLUTirN TEST CHART J.3- FILE C"OP? THE -- JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY 1 DTIC SI ELECTE I EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF TEAM...34 is bound bv arrow’s on the ordinate, and the ordinate w’as extended downward to sho," sle ., periods that persisted across the boundary between...talopoin monkeys. Hormones and 4I 123 Behavior, 1980, 14, 247-266. Elias, M. Serum cortisol, testosterone, and testosterone-binding globulin responese

A Proteomic Approach to Identify Phosphorylation-Dependent Targets of BRCT Domains

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-03-01

Elias, P. & de Lange, T. (1997) EMBO J. 16, 1785–1794. 45. Broccoli , D., Smogorzewska, A., Chong, L. & de Lange, T. (1997) Nat. Genet. 17, 231–235...mammalian telomere interactome: regulation and regulatory activities of telomeres. Crit. Rev. Eukaryot. Gene Expr. 16, 103–118 (2006). 13. Broccoli , D... Broccoli , D., Dai, Y., Hardy, S. & de Lange, T. p53- and ATM-dependent apoptosis induced by telomeres lacking TRF2. Science 283, 1321–1325 (1999). 30. Liu

Geodetic Imaging of Glacio-Seismotectonic Processes in Southern Alaska

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sauber, J.; Bruhn, R.; Forster, R.; Hofton, M.

2008-12-01

Across southern Alaska the northwest directed motion of the Pacific plate is accompanied by migration and collision of the Yakutat terrane. The Yakutat terrane is a fragment of the North American plate margin that is partly subducted beneath and partly accreted to the continental margin. Over the last couple of decades the rate of ongoing deformation associated with subduction and a locked main thrust zone has been estimated by geodetic measurements. In the last five years more extensive geodetic measurements, structural and tectonic field studies, thermochronolgy, and high-resolution lidar have been acquired and analyzed as part of the STEEP project [Pavlis et al., 2006]. The nature and magnitude of accretion and translation on upper crustal faults and folds remains uncertain, however, due to complex variations in the style of tectonic deformation, pervasive and changing glaciation, and the logistical challenges of conducting field studies in formidable topography. In this study, we analyze new high-resolution lidar data to extract locations, geometry, and heights of seismogenic faults and zones of active folding across the Malaspina-Seward-Bagley region of the southern Alaska plate boundary that is hypothesized to accommodate upper crustal shortening and right-lateral slip. Airborne Topographic Mapper (ATM) lidar swath data acquired by Krabill et al. in the summer of 2005 and ICESat data (1993-present) cross a number of proposed faults and folds partially masked by glaciation, including the Malaspina thrust, Esker Creek, Chugach-St.Elias thrust, and Contact. Focal mechanisms from this region indicate mostly shallow (0-30 km) thrust and oblique strike-slip faulting. Similarly, rupture in the 1979 St. Elias earthquake (M=7.4) started as a shallow, north-dipping thrust that later changed to more steeply NE dipping with a large right-lateral strike-slip component. Additionally, we are using the morphology and dynamics of glaciers derived from L-Band SAR ice

A postulated new source for the White River Ash, Alaska: A section in Geologic studies in Alaska by the US. Geological Survey, 1990

USGS Publications Warehouse

McGimsey, Robert G.; Richter, Donald H.; DuBois, Gregory D.; Miller, T.P.

1992-01-01

The White River Ash (Lerbekmo and others, 1968), product of two of the most voluminous pyroclastic eruptions in North America in the past 2,000 yr, blankets much of the Yukon Terrtory, Canada, and a small part of adjoining eastern Alaska. Lerbekmo and Campbell (1969) narrowed the source of the ash to an area northeast of the Mt. Bona-Mt. Churchill massif in the St. Elias Mountains of southern Alaska. Based on indirect evidence, Lerbekmo and Campbell (1969) further suggested that the vent was beneath the Klutlan Glacier, adjacent to a mound of coarse pumice, 16 km northeast of Mt. Bona. Recently discovered pumice and ash deposits and a possible vent structure near the summit of Mt. Churchill suggest an alternate source area. The White River Ash is a bilobate plinian fallout deposit covering more than 340,000 km2 and containing an estimated 25-50 km3 of tephra (Bostock, 1952; Berger, 1960; fig. 1). Radiocarbon ages indicate that the northern lobe was deposited about 1,887 yr B.P. and the eastern, and larger, lobe about 1,250 yr B.P. (Lerbekmo and others, 1975). The axes of the two lobes converge near Mt. Bona (16,420 ft (5,005 m)) and Mt. Churchill [15,638 ft (4,766 m)], which together form a prominent massif in the St. Elias Mountains. The Klutlan Glacier, a large valley glacier that flows eastward into Canada, has its principal source on the eastern flank of the massif. 

Source to sink evaluation of sediment routing in the Gulf of Alaska and Southeast Alaska: A thermochronometric perspective

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dunn, Catherine A.; Enkelmann, Eva; Ridgway, Kenneth D.; Allen, Wai K.

2017-03-01

In this study, we present a source to sink evaluation of sediment routing at the glaciated convergent margin in Southeast Alaska. We investigate the efficacy of thermochronology to record spatial and temporal exhumation patterns in synorogenic sediment using Neogene strata drilled by Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 341 in the Gulf of Alaska. We present 1641 and 529 new detrital zircon and apatite fission track ages, respectively, from strata deposited on the continental shelf, slope, and deep-sea fans. These data are compared to results from the proposed source terrains, including the St. Elias Mountains and new data from the Alsek River. We find that the offshore Bagley-Bering sediment contains grains recording cooling ages much older (80-35 Ma) than those reported from the St. Elias syntaxis (3-2 Ma), indicating that extreme rapid exhumation does not extend west of the Seward-Bagley divide. Data from the sediment on the continental shelf, slope, and proximal deep sea all yield similar results, suggesting the same general source region since 1.2 Ma and limited sediment mixing along this glaciated margin. Data from sediment in the distal deep sea show that extreme, rapid, and deep-seated exhumation was ongoing at 11-8 Ma. Overall, this study demonstrates the strengths and limitations of using detrital fission track thermochronology to understand sediment routing on a glaciated convergent margin and to record changes in exhumation rates over geologic time scales.

The Employee Diversity Team Wants to Take You around the World in Film | Poster

Cancer.gov

By Andrea Frydl, Contributing Writer The NCI at Frederick Employee Diversity Team (EDT) has prepared a new display that features a sample of the foreign films from the team’s collection in the Scientific Library. “Foreign films really help stimulate an awareness of different cultures and countries. I think it is a great celebration of diversity to have the Employee Diversity Team promote films from across the globe and make them available to our employees,” said Amber Elia, program analyst, NCI at Frederick Office of Scientific Operations, and member of the EDT.

Regulation of COLx1(1), LO and COX-1 mRNA Expression by Prostaglandin E2 in Human Embryonic Fibroblasts, IMR-90.

DTIC Science & Technology

1998-01-01

Fine et al., 1990; Diaz et al., 1989]. On the other hand, IL-1 D has been shown to both enhance [Elias et al., 1990] and inhibit [Diaz et al., 1993...was purchased from Genzyme (Cambridge, MA); sulprostone and TGF-P were purchased from R & D Systems Inc. (Minneapolis, MN); and 11 -deoxy PGE1 was...for IMR-90 and Rat-1 cells. Each plate of cells was treated with 2ml of Solution D (2M guanidinium- * 25 thiocyanate, 0.04M Na Citrate pH7.0, 207pM P3

Kamstrupp's wow-effect: re-examined and expanded

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

King, Elizabeth M.; Dickmann, Ellyn M.; Johnson, Barbara Z.

2016-12-01

This review examines Anne Katrine Kamstrupp's article "The wow-effect in science teacher education; technology; sociomateriality." In the discussion below we explore three key areas of her ethnographic research. First, we reconsider Kamstrupp's article through the lens of technology as a pedagogical choice and philosophy. This is followed by our discussion of aspects of her study within the context of a basic understanding that entry-level pre-service teachers need to fully understand both the process of learning and scientific principles as these are important foundational factors in determining whether or not the wow-effect will occur as expected. Finally, our review team presents multiple areas in Kamstrupp's article as potential points for further elaboration.

Deformation in the Yakataga seismic gap, Southern Alaska, 1980- 1986 ( USA).

USGS Publications Warehouse

Savage, J.C.; Lisowski, M.

1988-01-01

A 60-by-40-km trilateration network in the Yakataga seismic gap was surveyed in 1980, 1982, 1984, and 1986 with precise electro-optical distance-measuring equipment to measure strain accumulation. The overall deformation is roughly approximated by a 0.24+ or -0.03 mu strain/yr N32oW+ or -2.4o uniaxial contraction that is uniform in time. However, the spatial distribution of deformation shows some concentration of convergence in the neighbourhood of the Chugach-St. Elias fault and of right-lateral shear across the Contact fault. A simple dislocation model of the plate interaction in the Yakataga gap fits the observed deformation reasonably well but seems to require that the motion of the Pacific plate relative to the North American plate be directed more nearly N36oW than N15oW, the generally accepted direction of relative motion for this location. However, the direction of plate motion inferred from the dislocation model depends upon details of the interaction at the plate boundary that may not have been modeled accurately. A nearby but smaller trilateration network at Icy Bay was surveyed in 1982, 1984, and 1986. This network spans the SW corner of the rupture zone of the 1979 St. Elias earthquake. The deformation at Icy Bay consists of left-lateral shear across a NE trending zone. The relation of this deformation to strain accumulation in the Yakataga gap, postseismic relaxation associated with the 1979 earthquake, or rebound from the unloading associated with the rapid recession of the Guyot glacier is not understood.-Authors

Supercomputing Sheds Light on the Dark Universe

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Habib, Salman; Heitmann, Katrin

2012-11-15

At Argonne National Laboratory, scientists are using supercomputers to shed light on one of the great mysteries in science today, the Dark Universe. With Mira, a petascale supercomputer at the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility, a team led by physicists Salman Habib and Katrin Heitmann will run the largest, most complex simulation of the universe ever attempted. By contrasting the results from Mira with state-of-the-art telescope surveys, the scientists hope to gain new insights into the distribution of matter in the universe, advancing future investigations of dark energy and dark matter into a new realm. The team's research was named amore » finalist for the 2012 Gordon Bell Prize, an award recognizing outstanding achievement in high-performance computing.« less

Secrets of the Dark Universe: Simulating the Sky on the Blue Gene/Q

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

None

An astonishing 99.6% of our Universe is dark. Observations indicate that the Universe consists of 70% of a mysterious dark energy and 25% of a yet unidentified dark matter component, and only 0.4% of the remaining ordinary matter is visible. Understanding the physics of this dark sector is the foremost challenge in cosmology today. Sophisticated simulations of the evolution of the Universe play a crucial task in this endeavor. Credits: Science: Hal Finkel, Salman Habib, Katrin Heitmann, Kalyan Kumaran, Vitali Morozov, Tom Peterka, Adrian Pope, Tim Williams, David Daniel, Patricia Fasel, Nicholas Frontiere and Zarija Lukic Visualization: Mark Herald, Josephmore » A. Insley, Aaron Knoll, Michael E. Papka, Venkatram Vishwanath and Eric C. Olson« less

Partial melting of amphibolite to trondhjemite at Nunatak Fiord, St. Elias Mountains, Alaska

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Barker, F.; McLellan, E.L.; Plafker, G.

1985-01-01

At Nunatak Fiord, 55km NE of Yakutat, Alaska, a uniform layer of Cretaceous basalt ca. 3km thick was metamorphosed ca. 67 million years ago to amphibolite and locally partially melted to pegmatitic trondhjemite. Segregations of plagioclase-quartz+/-biotite rock, leucosomes in amphibolite matrix, range from stringers 5-10mm thick to blunt pods as thick as 6m. They tend to be parallel to foliation of the amphibolite, but crosscutting is common. The assemblage aluminous hornblende-plagioclase-epidote-sphene-quartz gave a hydrous melt that crystallized to plagioclase-quartz+/-biotite pegmatitic trondhjemite. 5-10% of the rock melted. Eu at 2x chondrites is positively anomalous. REE partitioning in melt/residum was controlled largelymore » by hornblende and sphene. Though the mineralogical variability precludes quantitative modeling, partial melting of garnet-free amphibolite to heavy-REE-depleted trondhjemitic melt is a viable process.« less

[Non-identified antinuclear antibodies in systemic sclerosis].

PubMed

Margot, A; Smet, J; Soyfoo, S

Systemic sclerosis is a rare auto immune disease characterized by a local or diffuse skin condition and a variable visceral impairment. Anti nuclear antibodies (ANA) can be found in 95 % of patients. The most frequent are the anti topoisomerase 1 or anti Scl 70 and the anti-centromeres. Other antibodies have been reported but they are not conventionally sought in clinical practice. They are referred to as " non identified " ANA. To seek the " non identified " antibodies in patients with scleroderma at Erasme Hospital, to assess their prevalence in this cohort and to correlate their presence with the clinical characteristics. 89 patients out of the cohort of Erasme hospital patients with scleroderma have been looked at. Their clinical and biological data have been identified and a detection of antibodies have been performed by first an immonudot technique and second an EliA technique. 17 out of the 89 patients of our cohort had " non identified " ANA. Among them, antibodies in 11 patients have been identified by the immunodot, among which 7 anti-PmScl 75 and/or 100,3 RNA polymerase III and 1 antifibrillarin. The EliA technique identif ied antibodies in 10 patients among which 5 anti- PmScl, 2 anti RNA polymerase, 2 anti-fibrillarin and 1 anti-centromere. Auto antibodies other than the antitopoisomerase and anti-centromere have been found in patients with scleroderma in our cohort. Certain links exist between the presence of a given antibody and clinical features. We still have to define whether there exist other auto antibodies of which we still are unaware since in some patient no antibodies were detected.

Remembering Emil von Behring: from Tetanus Treatment to Antibody Cooperation with Phagocytes

PubMed Central

2017-01-01

ABSTRACT A century ago, Emil von Behring passed away. He was the first to be honored by the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1901 for the successful therapy of diphtheria and tetanus, which he had developed from the bench to the bed. He also contributed to the foundation of immunology, since his therapy was based on passive immunization with specific antisera. Being an ambitious character, he did not shy away from friction with his colleagues Paul Ehrlich and Elias Metchnikoff and his mentor, Robert Koch. Behring was not only an excellent translational researcher but also a successful entrepreneur and early proponent of public-private partnerships. PMID:28246359

Dynamic behavior of the Bering Glacier-Bagley icefield system during a surge, and other measurements of Alaskan glaciers with ERS SAR imagery

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lingle, Craig S.; Fatland, Dennis R.; Voronina, Vera A.; Ahlnaes, Kristina; Troshina, Elena N.

1997-01-01

ERS-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery was employed for the measurement of the dynamics of the Bagley icefield during a major surge in 1993-1994, the measurement of ice velocities on the Malaspina piedmont glacier during a quiescent phase between surges, and for mapping the snow lines and the position of the terminus of Nabesna glacier on Mount Wrangell (a 4317 m andesitic shield volcano) in the heavily glacierized Saint Elias and Wrangell Mountains of Alaska. An overview and summary of results is given. The methods used include interferometry, cross-correlation of sequential images, and digitization of boundaries using terrain-corrected SAR imagery.

Remembering Emil von Behring: from Tetanus Treatment to Antibody Cooperation with Phagocytes.

PubMed

Kaufmann, Stefan H E

2017-02-28

A century ago, Emil von Behring passed away. He was the first to be honored by the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1901 for the successful therapy of diphtheria and tetanus, which he had developed from the bench to the bed. He also contributed to the foundation of immunology, since his therapy was based on passive immunization with specific antisera. Being an ambitious character, he did not shy away from friction with his colleagues Paul Ehrlich and Elias Metchnikoff and his mentor, Robert Koch. Behring was not only an excellent translational researcher but also a successful entrepreneur and early proponent of public-private partnerships. Copyright © 2017 Kaufmann.

Elemental and Mineralogical Analysis of Silt Fraction from Site U1420, IODP Expedition 341

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Salinas, J. K.; Jaeger, J. M.; Penkrot, M. L.

2016-12-01

In southeastern Alaska, the Chugach-St. Elias Mountains - the world's highest coastal mountain range - exhibit extreme topography due to the collision and subduction of the Yakutat microplate beneath the North American plate. The St. Elias orogen is younger than 30 Ma, with mountain building having occurred during a period of enhanced glacial erosion when erosive ice streams delivered sediment into the Gulf of Alaska. Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 341 set out to investigate the relationship between mountain building and glacial dynamics in the Gulf of Alaska. Sediment cores from site U1420 were collected, within the Bering trough, just offshore of the Bering Glacier. Analysis of Bering Trough seismic profiles demonstrates an evolution from tectonically-controlled to depositionally-controlled continental margin strata formation (Worthington et al., 2010). The goal of this study is to investigate the provenance of the silt-sized fraction (15-63 μm) of U1420 sediments across this transition in seismic facies using mineralogy and elemental geochemical analyses. XRD mineralogical analysis shows consistent downhole mineralogy with minor variations in relative peak intensities. Elemental ICP-MS geochemical analysis reveal concentrations of both major and trace elements to be very well constrained, with all major (Al, Ca, Fe, Mg, and Ti) and trace elemental data (Ce, Cr, Ga, La, Rb, Sc, Sr, Th, and Y) only varying downhole by few percent/ppm. Both the consistent downhole mineralogy and elemental data suggest that the provenance of the silt-sized sediment deposited offshore has not changed since initial deposition (<0.7 Ma). Comparison with onshore bedrock geochemistry and surface samples from the modern Gulf of Alaska indicate that U1420 silt is similar in composition to modern regional sediment sources and is a mixture of the different bedrock lithologies within the modern Bering Glacier drainage.

Spectra of small Koronis family members

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Thomas, C.; Rivkin, A.; Trilling, D.; Moskovitz, N.

2014-07-01

The space-weathering process and its implications for the relationships between S- and Q-type asteroids and ordinary chondrite meteorites are long-standing problems in asteroid science. Although the visible and near-infrared spectra of S- and Q-type objects qualitatively show the same absorption features and quantitatively show evidence of the same minerals, the S types display increased spectral slopes and muted absorption features compared to the Q types. This spectral mismatch is consistent with the effects of the space weathering process. Binzel et al. provided the missing link between Q- and S-type bodies in near-Earth space by showing a reddening of spectral slope in objects from 0.1 to 5 km that corresponded to the transition from Q- to S-type spectra. This result implied that size, and therefore age, is related to the relationship between Q- and S-type. The existence of Q-type objects in the main belt was not confirmed until Mothe-Diniz and Nesvorny (2008) found them in young S-type clusters. To investigate the trend from Q to S in the main belt, we examined space weathering within the old main-belt Koronis family using a spectrophotometric survey (Rivkin et al. 2011, Thomas et al. 2011). Rivkin et al. (2011) identified several potential Q-type objects within the Koronis family. Our Q-type candidates were identified using broad-band spectrophotometry and could not be taxonomically classified on that basis alone. We obtained follow-up visible and near-infrared spectral observations of our potential Q-type objects, (26970) Elias, (45610) 2000 DJ_{48}, and (37411) 2001 XF_{152}, using Gemini and Magellan. We will present the results of these spectral follow-up observations. Observations of (26970) Elias demonstrate that the object is more consistent with the average Q-type spectrum than the average S-type spectrum.

An Integrated View of Tectonics in the North Pacific Derived from GPS

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Elliott, J.; Freymueller, J.; Marechal, A.; Larsen, C.; Perea Barreto, M. A.

2015-12-01

Textbooks show a simple picture of the tectonics of the North Pacific, with discrete deformation along the boundary between the Pacific and North American plates along the Aleutian megathrust and Fairweather/Queen Charlotte fault system. Reality is much more complex, with a pattern of broadly distributed deformation. This is in part due to a number of studies and initiatives (such as PBO) in recent years that have greatly expanded the density of GPS data throughout the region. We present an overview of the GPS data acquired and various tectonic interpretations developed over the past decade and discuss a current effort to integrate the available data into a regional tectonic model for Alaska and northwestern Canada. Rather than discrete plate boundaries, we observe zones of concentrated deformation where the majority of the relative plate motion is accommodated. Within these zones, there are major fault systems, such as the Fairweather-Queen Charlotte transform and the Aleutian megathrust, where most of the deformation occurs along a main structure, but often motion is instead partitioned across multiple faults, such as the fold-and-thrust belt of the eastern St. Elias orogen. In zones of particular complexity, such as the eastern syntaxis of the St. Elias orogen, the deformation is better described by continuum deformation than localized strain along crustal structures. Strain is transferred far inboard, either by diffuse deformation or along fault system such as the Denali fault, and outboard of the main zones of deformation. The upper plate, if it can be called such, consists of a number of blocks and deforming zones while the lower plate is segmented between the Yakutat block and Pacific plate and is also likely undergoing internal deformation.

3D Mechanical Models of Crustal Deformation and the Effect of Erosion on the Strain Pattern in SE Alaska

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Barker, A. D.; Koons, P. O.; Upton, P.; Hallet, B.

2008-12-01

Employing 3D mechanical modeling to investigate the susceptibility of strain patterns to distinct erosion conditions we have identified a strong connection between surface erosion and strain localization and vertical motion of crustal material. The specific model geometry and boundary conditions are relevant to the dynamic St. Elias orogen of SE Alaska, but the general results and interpretations are universal. To illustrate the effect of erosion we compare results to a reference model without imposed erosion. We consider the crustal response to boundary conditions representing erosion scenarios: 1) regional erosion (~1 mm a-1 over a region ~600 km on a side) and 2) focused incision (~6 mm a-1 in valleys ~10 km wide and 50-100 km long). Whereas regional erosion mimics broader scale mass wasting and periglacial weathering, focused incision represents efficient erosion confined to valley systems similar to the massive Bering, Malaspina and Bagley glaciers of the St. Elias range. Using these boundary conditions we demonstrate significant localization of strain and crustal uplift beneath the sites of erosion. We also show the strain localization pattern adjusts to spatial shifts in erosion arising from substantial (order of 100km) glacial advance or retreat. The magnitude of the strain is higher in each erosion model compared to the reference model. The difference of the strain magnitude between erosion models and reference model depends on the location of the imposed erosion: crustal strain localize most when the forethrust daylights in the zone being eroded. Sustained focused erosion decreases the overall crustal strength beneath the site of erosion due to thinning of the strong brittle crust. Strain naturally concentrates within the weakened zone. Upward advection of warm crust causes further weakening and thereby leads to a tectonic aneurysm.

Antares Rocket Test Launch

NASA Image and Video Library

2013-04-21

NASA Deputy Administrator Lori Garver talks with CEO and President of Orbital Sciences Corporation David Thompson, left, Executive Vice President and Chief Technical Officer, Orbital Sciences Corporation Antonio Elias, second from left, and Executive Director, Va. Commercial Space Flight Authority Dale Nash, background, in the Range Control Center at the NASA Wallops Flight Facility after the successful launch of the Orbital Sciences Antares rocket from the Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport (MARS) in Virginia, Sunday, April 21, 2013. The test launch marked the first flight of Antares and the first rocket launch from Pad-0A. The Antares rocket delivered the equivalent mass of a spacecraft, a so-called mass simulated payload, into Earth's orbit. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Environmentally conscious alternative energy production

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kutz, M.

This fourth volume of the series describes and compares the environmental and economic impacts of renewable and conventional power generation technologies. Chapter heading are: Economic comparisons of power generation technologies (Todd Nemec); Solar energy applications (Jan F. Kreider); Fuel cells (Matthew W. Mench); Geothermal resources and technology: an introduction (Peter D. Blair); Wind power generation (Todd Nemec); Cogeneration (Jerald Caton); Hydrogen energy (Elias K. Stefanakos, Yogi Goswami, S.S. Srinivasan, and J.T. Wolan); Clean power generation from coal (Prabir Basu and James Butler); and Using waste heat from power plants (Herbert A. Ingley). The chapter on clean coal power generation frommore » coal has been abstracted separately on the Coal Abstracts database. 2 apps.« less

Putting the Second Law to Work

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Widmer, Thomas F.

2008-08-01

Thermo Electron Corporation was founded in 1956 by Dr. George Hatsopoulos with the goal of applying thermodynamics to the solution of energy problems throughout society. As the company grew from a small research laboratory to a multi-billion dollar Fortune 500 enterprise, the Second Law of thermodynamics played a pivotal role in creating a diversified portfolio of products and services. George and his staff also employed thermodynamics, particularly availability analyses of energy processes, to help guide changes in National policy arising from the 1973 oil embargo. As directors of the company, Professors Joseph Keenan and Elias Gyftopoulos made key contributions to the strategy of applying the Second Law to real-world engineering challenges.

Earth observations taken during the STS-59 mission

NASA Image and Video Library

1994-04-18

STS059-228-094 (9-20 April 1994) --- The spring thaw along the coast of the Gulf of Alaska has not touched the St. Elias Mountains, southeast of Yakutat Bay and Malaspina Glacier. A prominent glacier flows from Mt. Fairweather (15,300 feet) at right center, to form Cape Fairweather. Another glacier to the northwest almost reaches the sea; the valley of the Alsek River forms a broad, braided plan at upper left. The low sun elevation and oblique angle of this photograph provide a striking 3-dimensional appearance to the black-and-white landscape. SRL investigators will study microwave response to varying depths and conditions of ice and snow along this coast, in Spring and Summer. Hasselblad photograph.

Predicting Mothers' Reports of Children's Mental Health Three Years after Hurricane Katrin.

PubMed

Lowe, Sarah R; Godoy, Leandra; Rhodes, Jean E; Carter, Alice S

2013-01-01

This study explored pathways through which hurricane-related stressors affected the psychological functioning of elementary school aged children who survived Hurricane Katrina. Participants included 184 mothers from the New Orleans area who completed assessments one year pre-disaster (Time 1), and one and three years post-disaster (Time 2 and Time 3, respectively). Mothers rated their children's behavior problems at Time 3 only ( n = 251 children; 53.0% male; Mean age: 10.19 years, SD = 1.68 years). A path analytic model indicated that hurricane-related stressors were associated with increased maternal psychological distress and school mobility in the first post-disaster year, which were associated with higher child internalizing and externalizing symptoms three years post-disaster. Mediation analysis indicated that hurricane-related stressors were associated with child symptoms indirectly, through their impact on maternal psychological distress. Findings underscore the importance of interventions that boost maternal and child mental health and support children through post-disaster school transitions.

Constraining dynamical neutrino mass generation with cosmological data

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Koksbang, S.M.; Hannestad, S., E-mail: koksbang@phys.au.dk, E-mail: sth@phys.au.dk

We study models in which neutrino masses are generated dynamically at cosmologically late times. Our study is purely phenomenological and parameterized in terms of three effective parameters characterizing the redshift of mass generation, the width of the transition region, and the present day neutrino mass. We also study the possibility that neutrinos become strongly self-interacting at the time where the mass is generated. We find that in a number of cases, models with large present day neutrino masses are allowed by current CMB, BAO and supernova data. The increase in the allowed mass range makes it possible that a non-zeromore » neutrino mass could be measured in direct detection experiments such as KATRIN. Intriguingly we also find that there are allowed models in which neutrinos become strongly self-interacting around the epoch of recombination.« less

Satellite Altimetry Outreach During Hurricane Rita: Lessons Learned

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Leben, R.; Born, G. H.; Srinivasan, M.

2006-07-01

The 2005 hurricane season was th e most costly on record with estimated d amages in th e U.S. of over 100 billion. What may hav e been lost in the signif icant after math of these storms is the pr imary role th at Gulf of Mexico oceanography played in this very active hurricane season. The four most destructive storms - Dennis (1.84 B), Katrin a (80B), Rita (9.4B) , and Wilma ($14.4 B) - all interacted w ith deep warm ocean currents in th e Gulf contributing to the intensity of these storms and their destructive po ten tial. In the aftermath of Hurrican e K atr ina and during Hurricane Rita we made a concer ted effort to tell this story through satellite altimetry ou treach activ ities at the Un iversity of Colorado, Boulder .

Absolute mass of neutrinos and the first unique forbidden {beta} decay of {sup 187}Re

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dvornicky, Rastislav; Simkovic, Fedor; Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, JINR Dubna, 141980 Dubna, Moscow region

2011-04-15

The planned rhenium {beta}-decay experiment, called the ''Microcalorimeter Arrays for a Rhenium Experiment'' (MARE), might probe the absolute mass scale of neutrinos with the same sensitivity as the Karlsruhe tritium neutrino mass (KATRIN) experiment, which will take commissioning data in 2011 and will proceed for 5 years. We present the energy distribution of emitted electrons for the first unique forbidden {beta} decay of {sup 187}Re. It is found that the p-wave emission of electron dominates over the s wave. By assuming mixing of three neutrinos, the Kurie function for the rhenium {beta} decay is derived. It is shown that themore » Kurie plot near the end point is within a good accuracy linear in the limit of massless neutrinos like the Kurie plot of the superallowed {beta} decay of {sup 3}H.« less

[Gender relations and interdependence: reflections on changes in the hospital configuration].

PubMed

Pereira, Audrey Vidal; Rotenberg, Lúcia; Oliveira, Simone Santos

2013-01-01

The article analyzes changes that have occurred in hospitals over the years, with a focus on the dynamics of gender relations as experienced by healthcare workers. We use the notions of configuration and interdependence, taken from Norbert Elias' theory of the civilizing process, along with discussions of gender relations at work; drawing from Michel Foucault, we also reference the disciplinary practices employed down through hospital history. This linkage of discussions on gender issues and on interdependent relations opens up to a reflection on conflicts of interests, power struggles, and the balance of tensions, which in turn makes it possible to problematize gender inequalities with the ultimate aim of achieving an interdisciplinary effort that will promote health care of an integral nature.

Hiding an elephant: heavy sterile neutrino with large mixing angle does not contradict cosmology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bezrukov, F.; Chudaykin, A.; Gorbunov, D.

2017-06-01

We study a model of a keV-scale sterile neutrino with a relatively large mixing with the Standard Model sector. Usual considerations predict active generation of such particles in the early Universe, which leads to constraints from the total Dark Matter density and absence of X-ray signal from sterile neutrino decay. These bounds together may deem any attempt of creation of the keV scale sterile neutrino in the laboratory unfeasible. We argue that for models with a hidden sector coupled to the sterile neutrino these bounds can be evaded, opening new perspectives for the direct studies at neutrino experiments such as Troitsk ν-mass and KATRIN. We estimate the generation of sterile neutrinos in scenarios with the hidden sector dynamics keeping the sterile neutrinos either massless or superheavy in the early Universe. In both cases the generation by oscillations from active neutrinos in plasma is suppressed.

SDAV Viz July Progress Update: LANL

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sewell, Christopher Meyer

2012-07-30

SDAV Viz July Progress Update: (1) VPIC (Vector Particle in Cell) Kinetic Plasma Simulation Code - (a) Implemented first version of an in-situ adapter based on Paraview CoProcessing Library, (b) Three pipelines: vtkDataSetMapper, vtkContourFilter, vtkPistonContour, (c) Next, resolve issue at boundaries of processor domains; add more advanced viz/analysis pipelines; (2) Halo finding/merger trees - (a) Summer student Wathsala W. from University of Utah is working on data-parallel halo finder algorithm using PISTON, (b) Timo Bremer (LLNL), Valerio Pascucci (Utah), George Zagaris (Kitware), and LANL people are interested in using merger trees for tracking the evolution of halos in cosmo simulations;more » discussed possible overlap with work by Salman Habib and Katrin Heitmann (Argonne) during their visit to LANL 7/11; (3) PISTON integration in ParaView - Now available from ParaView github.« less

Predicting Mothers’ Reports of Children’s Mental Health Three Years after Hurricane Katrin

PubMed Central

Lowe, Sarah R.; Godoy, Leandra; Rhodes, Jean E.; Carter, Alice S.

2012-01-01

This study explored pathways through which hurricane-related stressors affected the psychological functioning of elementary school aged children who survived Hurricane Katrina. Participants included 184 mothers from the New Orleans area who completed assessments one year pre-disaster (Time 1), and one and three years post-disaster (Time 2 and Time 3, respectively). Mothers rated their children’s behavior problems at Time 3 only (n = 251 children; 53.0% male; Mean age: 10.19 years, SD = 1.68 years). A path analytic model indicated that hurricane-related stressors were associated with increased maternal psychological distress and school mobility in the first post-disaster year, which were associated with higher child internalizing and externalizing symptoms three years post-disaster. Mediation analysis indicated that hurricane-related stressors were associated with child symptoms indirectly, through their impact on maternal psychological distress. Findings underscore the importance of interventions that boost maternal and child mental health and support children through post-disaster school transitions. PMID:23471125

Active Deformation of the Northern Cordillera Observed with GPS

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Elliott, J.; Jiang, Y.; Leonard, L. J.; Hyndman, R. D.; Freymueller, J.; Mazzotti, S.

2017-12-01

The Northern Cordillera, which encompasses western Canada and eastern Alaska, is a complex tectonic puzzle. Past terrane accretions, the present collision of the Yakutat block, large-scale plate motions, and past and present glacier change have created a tectonic landscape that includes a major transform system, most of the highest peaks in North America, and far-flung ongoing distributed deformation. We present an updated GPS velocity field as well as a new integrated tectonic block model for the region. The style of deformation varies through the region. Surrounding the Yakutat collision, the model includes a number of small blocks that indicate rotations to the east, north, and west as material moves away from the collisional front. These small blocks also show evidence of internal deformation. Farther from the collisional front, blocks are larger and appear to behave more rigidly. In the south, northwestward motion resulting in a prominent band of coastal shear extends from Vancouver Island to Glacier Bay. In the Arctic, small southeastward motions in Alaska transition to easterly motion in Canada that extends to the Mackenize Mountains near the Cordillera-craton boundary. A number of faults and fault systems accommodate relative Pacific-North America plate motion in the region, although the significant majority is along the Fairweather-Queen Charlotte transform system and the St. Elias fold-and-thrust belt. Along the Fairweather-Queen Charlotte system, the motion is dominantly dextral with increasing oblique transpression to the south corresponding to a change in margin trend. At the northern end of the transform system, motion is distributed onto multiple faults. Roughly 75% of the Fairweather motion is transferred west into the St. Elias fold-and-thrust belt, which accommodates 30 mm/yr of convergence. The remaining 25% is transferred north towards the dextral Denali-Totschunda system. The eastern Denali fault presently plays a minor role in accommodating

The Relationships Between Earthquakes, Faults, and Recent Glacial Fluctuations in Southern Alaska

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wiest, K. R.; Sauber, J. M.; Doser, D. I.; Hurtado, J. M.; Velasco, A. A.

2004-12-01

In southern Alaska, northwestward-directed subduction of the Pacific plate is accompanied by accretion of the Yakutat terrane to continental Alaska. In the tectonically complex region between the transcurrent Fairweather fault and the Alaska-Aleutian subduction zone, active crustal shortening and strike-slip faulting occurs. Since a series of large earthquakes in 1899 (Mw = 8.1, Yakataga; Mw=8.1 Yakutat), there has been only one large event (1979 St. Elias Mw = 7.4) in the Yakutat region between the aftershock zones of the 1964 Prince William Sound (Mw = 9.2) and 1958 Fairweather (Mw = 8.2) earthquakes. In this region, the glaciers are extensive and many of them have undergone significant retreat in the last 100 years. This study investigates the relationships between small to moderate magnitude events, ongoing crustal deformation, active geological structures in the region, and recent glacial fluctuations. To map earthquake locations with respect to current glacier positions, we will incorporate Ice Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) data into an updated Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of key glaciated regions that has been created using Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) images in conjunction with Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) data. For the seismological investigation, we focused on relocating events that have occurred since the last large earthquake at St. Elias in 1979 using data obtained from the Alaska Earthquake Information Center (AEIC). P-wave polarity first motion focal mechanisms were generated for the relocated events and evaluated. Our preliminary relocations suggest a dipping slab in cross-section and also show a number of shallow event clusters around local glaciers. The focal mechanisms are quite variable but, in general, indicate strike-slip and oblique-slip focal mechanisms. Some of our highest quality focal mechanisms show dip-slip faulting and are from shallow events located near glacial

Crustal Structure beneath Alaska from Receiver Functions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Y.; Li, A.

2017-12-01

The crustal structure in Alaska has not been well resolved due to the remote nature of much of the state. The USArray Transportable Array (TA), which is operating in Alaska and northwestern Canada, significantly increases the coverage of broadband seismic stations in the region and allows for a more comprehensive study of the crust. We have analyzed P-receiver functions from earthquake data recorded by 76 stations of the TA and AK networks. Both common conversion point (CCP) and H-K methods are used to estimate the mean crustal thickness. The results from the CCP stacking method show that the Denali fault marks a sharp transition from thick crust in the south to thin crust in the north. The thickest crust up to 52 km is located in the St. Elias Range, which has been formed by oblique collision between the Yakutat microplate and North America. A thick crust of 48 km is also observed beneath the eastern Alaska Range. These observations suggest that high topography in Alaska is largely compensated by the thick crust root. The Moho depth ranges from 28 km to 35 km beneath the northern lowlands and increases to 40-45 km under the Books Range. The preliminary crustal thickness from the H-K method generally agrees with that from the CCP stacking with thicker crust beneath high mountain ranges and thinner crust beneath lowlands and basins. However, the offshore part is not well constrained due to the limited coverage of stations. The mean Vp/Vs ratio is around 1.7 in the Yukon-Tanana terrane and central-northern Alaska. The ratio is about 1.9 in central and southern Alaska with higher values at the Alaska Range, Wrangell Mountains, and St. Elias Range. Further data analyses are needed for obtaining more details of the crustal structure in Alaska to decipher the origin and development of different tectonic terranes.

Deciphering the Transitional Tectonics of the Southern Alaska Margin Through Gulf Sedimentology and Geophysics: IODP Expedition 341

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Reece, R.; Gulick, S. P. S.; Jaeger, J. M.

2014-12-01

Southern Alaska is a complex amalgam of tectonic environments, centered on the subduction/collision of the Yakutat Block with North America. Along the Aleutians in the west, the Pacific Plate subducts normally beneath North America, with a gradually shallowing subduction angle towards the Yakutat Terrane to the east. The western region of the Yakutat Block undergoes nearly flat-slab subduction beneath North America, whereas it transitions to collision in the northeast, which is the primary driver for the growth of the Chugach-St. Elias orogen. Farther to the east, the collisional system transitions to a transform boundary with the Fairweather-Queen Charlotte fault system. The collisional system contributes to farfield tectonic effects in many regions, including northern Alaska and the Pacific Plate, but also combines with glaciation to drive sedimentation in the Gulf of Alaska. Glaciation has periodically increased in the St. Elias Range since the Miocene, but began dominating erosion and spurred enhanced exhumation since the intensification of Northern Hemisphere glaciation, at ~2.5 Ma. Results from IODP Expedition 341 show the first appearance of ice-rafted debris and a doubling of Gulf sedimentation at site U1417 at this age, and a major increase in sedimentation at ~1 Ma at sites U1417 and U1418. Glacigenic sediment flux into the Gulf of Alaska represents the majority of accumulation in the deepwater Surveyor Fan, and was the impetus for formation of the Surveyor Channel system. Climate events correlate to three major differentiable sequences across the Surveyor Fan that have been previously mapped using seismic reflection profiles. The change in morphology observed throughout the sequences allows us to characterize the influence that a glaciated orogen can have in shaping margin processes and the sediment pathways from source to sink. IODP Expedition 341 results allow us to now apply this method at higher resolution time scales (i.e., 100 kyr). We will explore

Focused rock uplift above the subduction décollement at Montague and Hinchinbrook Islands, Prince William Sound, Alaska

USGS Publications Warehouse

Ferguson, Kelly M; Armstrong, Phillip A; Arkle Jeanette C,; Haeussler, Peter J.

2014-01-01

Megathrust splay fault systems in accretionary prisms have been identified as conduits for long-term plate motion and significant coseismic slip during subduction earthquakes. These fault systems are important because of their role in generating tsunamis, but rarely are emergent above sea level where their long-term (million year) history can be studied. We present 32 apatite (U-Th)/He (AHe) and 27 apatite fission-track (AFT) ages from rocks along an emergent megathrust splay fault system in the Prince William Sound region of Alaska above the shallowly subducting Yakutat microplate. The data show focused exhumation along the Patton Bay megathrust splay fault system since 3–2 Ma. Most AHe ages are younger than 5 Ma; some are as young as 1.1 Ma. AHe ages are youngest at the southwest end of Montague Island, where maximum fault displacement occurred on the Hanning Bay and Patton Bay faults and the highest shoreline uplift occurred during the 1964 earthquake. AFT ages range from ca. 20 to 5 Ma. Age changes across the Montague Strait fault, north of Montague Island, suggest that this fault may be a major structural boundary that acts as backstop to deformation and may be the westward mechanical continuation of the Bagley fault system backstop in the Saint Elias orogen. The regional pattern of ages and corresponding cooling and exhumation rates indicate that the Montague and Hinchinbrook Island splay faults, though separated by only a few kilometers, accommodate kilometer-scale exhumation above a shallowly subducting plate at million year time scales. This long-term pattern of exhumation also reflects short-term seismogenic uplift patterns formed during the 1964 earthquake. The increase in rock uplift and exhumation rate ca. 3–2 Ma is coincident with increased glacial erosion that, in combination with the fault-bounded, narrow width of the islands, has limited topographic development. Increased exhumation starting ca. 3–2 Ma is interpreted to be due to rock uplift

Southern Alaska as an Example of the Long-Term Consequences of Mountain Building Under the Influence of Glaciers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Meigs, Andrew; Sauber, Jeanne

2000-01-01

Southern Alaska is a continent-scale region of ongoing crustal deformation within the Pacific-North American plate boundary zone. Glaciers and glacial erosion have dictated patterns of denudation in the orogen over the last approx. 5 My. The orogen comprises three discrete topographic domains from south to north, respectively: (1) the Chugach/St. Elias Range; (2) the Wrangell Mountains; and (3) the eastern Alaska Range. Although present deformation is distributed across the orogen, much of the shortening and uplift are concentrated in the Chugach/St. Elias Range. A systematic increase in topographic wavelength of the range from east to west reflects east-to-west increases in the width of a shallowly-dipping segment of the plate interface, separation of major upper plate structures, and a decrease in the obliquity of plate motion relative to the plate boundary. Mean elevation decays exponentially from approx. 2500 m to approx. 1100 m from east to west, respectively. Topographic control on the present and past distribution of glaciers is indicated by close correspondence along the range between mean elevation and the modern equilibrium line altitude of glaciers (ELA) and differences in the modern ELA, mean annual precipitation and temperature across the range between the windward, southern and leeward, northern flanks. Net, range- scale erosion is the sum of: (1) primary bedrock erosion by glaciers and (2) erosion in areas of the landscape that are ice-marginal and are deglaciated at glacial minima. Oscillations between glacial and interglacial climates controls ice height and distribution, which, in turn, modulates the locus and mode of erosion in the landscape. Mean topography and the mean position of the ELA are coupled because of the competition between rock uplift, which tends to raise the ELA, and enhanced orographic precipitation accompanying mountain building, which tends to lower the ELA. Mean topography is controlled both by the 60 deg latitude and maritime

The Ars alchemie: the first Latin text on practical alchemy.

PubMed

Vinciguerra, Antony

2009-03-01

The Ars alchemie is a collection of alchemical recipes associated with the names of the Arabic-Latin translator Michael Scot and the major general of the Friars Minor, Elias Cortona, of the first half of the thirteenth century. This articles investigates the various forms in which this text appears in the four manuscripts that contain it. It shows the dependence of one of its prologues on the work of an earlier translator, Hugo of Santalla, and the overlap of its contents with other alchemical treatises: Liber luminis luminum, Liber Dedali, Liber de aluminibus et salibus and Liber Hermetis de blchkmkb. Its mention of the alum of Aleppo corresponds with references to trade in this material in the thirteenth century. Its main characteristics are its compilatory nature and its emphasis on practical applications.

Ketamine use in Taiwan: Moral panic, civilizing processes, and democratization.

PubMed

Hsu, Liang-Yin

2014-07-01

Ketamine use among young people in Taiwan has increased in recent years. Believing ketamine users to be a threat to social order and harsh punishment to be a deterrent, some legislators have called for upgrading ketamine use to a more serious criminal offence. These calls have been repeatedly rebuffed by the advisory council which sets drug policy, suggesting that the perceived problem does not correlate to the actual one. In this commentary, I argue that the calls of legislators constitute a 'moral panic,' and follow Rohloff (2011) in connecting the phenomenon to Elias' (2000) concept of civilizing and decivilizing processes. In addition, I demonstrate that moral panic - in the ketamine case at least - is shaped by the legacy of authoritarianism. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Moral panic, moral regulation, and the civilizing process.

PubMed

Hier, Sean

2016-09-01

This article compares two analytical frameworks ostensibly formulated to widen the focus of moral panic studies. The comparative analysis suggests that attempts to conceptualize moral panics in terms of decivilizing processes have neither substantively supplemented the explanatory gains made by conceptualizing moral panic as a form of moral regulation nor provided a viable alternative framework that better explains the dynamics of contemporary moral panics. The article concludes that Elias's meta-theory of the civilizing process potentially provides explanatory resources to investigate a possible historical-structural shift towards the so-called age of (a)moral panic; the analytical demands of such a project, however, require a sufficiently different line of inquiry than the one encouraged by both the regulatory and decivilizing perspectives on moral panic. © London School of Economics and Political Science 2016.

Hiding an elephant: heavy sterile neutrino with large mixing angle does not contradict cosmology

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bezrukov, F.; Chudaykin, A.; Gorbunov, D., E-mail: Fedor.Bezrukov@manchester.ac.uk, E-mail: chudy@ms2.inr.ac.ru, E-mail: gorby@ms2.inr.ac.ru

We study a model of a keV-scale sterile neutrino with a relatively large mixing with the Standard Model sector. Usual considerations predict active generation of such particles in the early Universe, which leads to constraints from the total Dark Matter density and absence of X-ray signal from sterile neutrino decay. These bounds together may deem any attempt of creation of the keV scale sterile neutrino in the laboratory unfeasible. We argue that for models with a hidden sector coupled to the sterile neutrino these bounds can be evaded, opening new perspectives for the direct studies at neutrino experiments such asmore » Troitsk ν-mass and KATRIN. We estimate the generation of sterile neutrinos in scenarios with the hidden sector dynamics keeping the sterile neutrinos either massless or superheavy in the early Universe. In both cases the generation by oscillations from active neutrinos in plasma is suppressed.« less

High-accuracy mass spectrometry for fundamental studies.

PubMed

Kluge, H-Jürgen

2010-01-01

Mass spectrometry for fundamental studies in metrology and atomic, nuclear and particle physics requires extreme sensitivity and efficiency as well as ultimate resolving power and accuracy. An overview will be given on the global status of high-accuracy mass spectrometry for fundamental physics and metrology. Three quite different examples of modern mass spectrometric experiments in physics are presented: (i) the retardation spectrometer KATRIN at the Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, employing electrostatic filtering in combination with magnetic-adiabatic collimation-the biggest mass spectrometer for determining the smallest mass, i.e. the mass of the electron anti-neutrino, (ii) the Experimental Cooler-Storage Ring at GSI-a mass spectrometer of medium size, relative to other accelerators, for determining medium-heavy masses and (iii) the Penning trap facility, SHIPTRAP, at GSI-the smallest mass spectrometer for determining the heaviest masses, those of super-heavy elements. Finally, a short view into the future will address the GSI project HITRAP at GSI for fundamental studies with highly-charged ions.

Forbidden unique beta-decays and neutrino mass

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dvornický, Rastislav; Šimkovic, Fedor

2013-12-30

The measurement of the electron spectrum in beta-decays provides a robust direct determination of the values of neutrino masses. The planned rhenium beta-decay experiment, called the “Microcalorimeter Arrays for a Rhenium Experiment” (MARE), might probe the absolute mass scale of neutrinos with the same sensitivity as the Karlsruhe tritium neutrino mass (KATRIN) experiment, which is expected to collect data in a near future. In this contribution we discuss the spectrum of emitted electrons close to the end point in the case of the first unique forbidden beta-decay of {sup 79}Se, {sup 107}Pd and {sup 187}Re. It is found that themore » p{sub 3/2}-wave emission dominates over the s{sub 1/2}-wave. It is shown that the Kurie plot near the end point is within a good accuracy linear in the limit of massless neutrinos like the Kurie plot of the superallowed beta-decay of {sup 3}H.« less

Mercury in mosses Hylocomium splendens (Hedw.) B.S.G. and Pleurozium schreberi (Brid.) Mitt. from Poland and Alaska: Understanding the origin of pollution sources

USGS Publications Warehouse

Migaszewski, Z.M.; Galuszka, A.; Dole, ogonekgowska S.; Crock, J.G.; Lamothe, P.J.

2010-01-01

This report shows baseline concentrations of mercury in the moss species Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi from the Kielce area and the remaining Holy Cross Mountains (HCM) region (south-central Poland), and Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve (Alaska) and Denali National Park and Preserve (Alaska). Like mosses from many European countries, Polish mosses were distinctly elevated in Hg, bearing a signature of cross-border atmospheric transport combined with local point sources. In contrast, Alaskan mosses showed lower Hg levels, reflecting mostly the underlying geology. Compared to HCM, Alaskan and Kielce mosses exhibited more uneven spatial distribution patterns of Hg. This variation is linked to topography and location of local point sources (Kielce) and underlying geology (Alaska). Both H. splendens and P. schreberi showed similar bioaccumulative capabilities of Hg in all four study areas. ?? 2010 Elsevier Inc.

X-RAY EMISSION FROM THE FU ORIONIS STAR V1735 CYGNI

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Skinner, Stephen L.; Sokal, Kimberly R.; Guedel, Manuel

2009-05-01

The variable star V1735 Cyg (=Elias 1-12) lies in the IC 5146 dark cloud and is a member of the class of FU Orionis objects whose dramatic optical brightenings are thought to be linked to episodic accretion. We report the first X-ray detections of V1735 Cyg and a deeply embedded class I protostar lying 24'' to its northeast. X-ray spectra obtained with EPIC on XMM-Newton reveal very high-temperature plasma (kT > 5 keV) in both objects, but no large flares. Such hard X-ray emission is not anticipated from accretion shocks and is a signature of magnetic processes. We place thesemore » new results into the context of what is presently known about the X-ray properties of FU Orionis stars and other accreting young stellar objects.« less

Magical ideation is related to questionnaire but not behavioural measures of handedness.

PubMed

Grimshaw, Gina M; Yelle, Serena K; Schoger, Jamie; Bright, Kathleen S

2008-01-01

Magical ideation has repeatedly been shown to be related to handedness, with mixed-handers exhibiting higher levels of magical thinking. However, most previous research has assessed hand preference with a questionnaire measure, leaving open the possibility that the correlation reflects some aspect of questionnaire-taking behaviour and not an underlying neuropsychological relationship. The present study addressed this issue by administering the Magical Ideation Scale (Eckblad & Chapman, 1983), the Waterloo Handedness Questionnaire-Revised (Elias, Bryden, & Bulman-Fleming, 1998), and a manual dot-filling task (Tapley & Bryden, 1985) as a behavioural measure of handedness to an undergraduate student sample. The expected relationship between magical ideation and handedness as assessed by the questionnaire was observed. However, magical ideation was not related to the behavioural measure of handedness. Results cast doubt on a neuropsychological interpretation of the relationship between handedness and magical ideation in sub-clinical populations.

Spiral density waves in a young protoplanetary disk.

PubMed

Pérez, Laura M; Carpenter, John M; Andrews, Sean M; Ricci, Luca; Isella, Andrea; Linz, Hendrik; Sargent, Anneila I; Wilner, David J; Henning, Thomas; Deller, Adam T; Chandler, Claire J; Dullemond, Cornelis P; Lazio, Joseph; Menten, Karl M; Corder, Stuartt A; Storm, Shaye; Testi, Leonardo; Tazzari, Marco; Kwon, Woojin; Calvet, Nuria; Greaves, Jane S; Harris, Robert J; Mundy, Lee G

2016-09-30

Gravitational forces are expected to excite spiral density waves in protoplanetary disks, disks of gas and dust orbiting young stars. However, previous observations that showed spiral structure were not able to probe disk midplanes, where most of the mass is concentrated and where planet formation takes place. Using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, we detected a pair of trailing symmetric spiral arms in the protoplanetary disk surrounding the young star Elias 2-27. The arms extend to the disk outer regions and can be traced down to the midplane. These millimeter-wave observations also reveal an emission gap closer to the star than the spiral arms. We argue that the observed spirals trace shocks of spiral density waves in the midplane of this young disk. Copyright © 2016, American Association for the Advancement of Science.

Spectral and Structure Modeling of Low and High Mass Young Stars Using a Radiative Trasnfer Code

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Robson Rocha, Will; Pilling, Sergio

The spectroscopy data from space telescopes (ISO, Spitzer, Herchel) shows that in addition to dust grains (e.g. silicates), there is also the presence of the frozen molecular species (astrophysical ices, such as H _{2}O, CO, CO _{2}, CH _{3}OH) in the circumstellar environments. In this work we present a study of the modeling of low and high mass young stellar objects (YSOs), where we highlight the importance in the use of the astrophysical ices processed by the radiation (UV, cosmic rays) comes from stars in formation process. This is important to characterize the physicochemical evolution of the ices distributed by the protostellar disk and its envelope in some situations. To perform this analysis, we gathered (i) observational data from Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) related with low mass protostar Elias29 and high mass protostar W33A, (ii) absorbance experimental data in the infrared spectral range used to determinate the optical constants of the materials observed around this objects and (iii) a powerful radiative transfer code to simulate the astrophysical environment (RADMC-3D, Dullemond et al, 2012). Briefly, the radiative transfer calculation of the YSOs was done employing the RADMC-3D code. The model outputs were the spectral energy distribution and theoretical images in different wavelengths of the studied objects. The functionality of this code is based on the Monte Carlo methodology in addition to Mie theory for interaction among radiation and matter. The observational data from different space telescopes was used as reference for comparison with the modeled data. The optical constants in the infrared, used as input in the models, were calculated directly from absorbance data obtained in the laboratory of both unprocessed and processed simulated interstellar samples by using NKABS code (Rocha & Pilling 2014). We show from this study that some absorption bands in the infrared, observed in the spectrum of Elias29 and W33A can arises after the ices

Flat-slab subduction, whole crustal faulting, and geohazards in Alaska: Targets for Earthscope

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gulick, S. P.; Pavlis, T. L.; Bruhn, R. L.; Christeson, G. L.; Freymueller, J. T.; Hansen, R. A.; Koons, P. O.; Pavlis, G. L.; Roeske, S.; Reece, R.; van Avendonk, H. J.; Worthington, L. L.

2010-12-01

Crustal structure and evolution illuminated by the Continental Dynamics ST. Elias Erosion and tectonics Project (STEEP) highlights some fundamental questions about active tectonics processes in Alaska including: 1) what are the controls on far field deformation and lithospheric stabilization, 2) do strike slip faults extend through the entire crust and upper mantle and how does this influence mantle flow, and 3) how does the transition from “normal” subduction of the Pacific along the Aleutians to flat slab subduction of the Yakutat Terrane beneath southeast and central Alaska to translation of the Yakutat Terrane past North American in eastern Alaska affect geohazard assessment for the north Pacific? Active and passive seismic studies and geologic fieldwork focusing on the Yakutat Terrane show that the Terrane ranges from 15-35 km thick and is underthrusting the North American plate from the St. Elias Mountains to the Alaska Range (~500 km). Deformation of the upper plate occurs within the offshore Pamplona Zone fold and thrust belt, and onshore throughout the Robinson Mountains. Deformation patterns, structural evolution, and the sedimentary products of orogenesis are fundamentally influenced by feedbacks with glacial erosion. The Yakutat megathrust extends beneath Prince William Sound such that the 1964 Mw 9.2 great earthquake epicenter was on this plate boundary and jumped to the adjacent Aleutian megathrust coseismically; this event illuminates the potential for transitional tectonic systems to enhance geohazards. The northern, southern, and eastern limits of the Yakutat microplate are strike-slip faults that, where imaged, appear to cut the entire crustal section and may allow for crustal extrusion towards the Bering Sea. Yakutat Terrane effects on mantle flow, however, have been suggested to cross these crustal features to allow for far-field deformation in the Yukon, Brooks Range, and Amerasia Basin. From the STEEP results it is clear that the Yakutat

Geological and geodynamic investigations of Alaskan tectonics: Responses in the ancient and modern geologic records to oblique plate convergence

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kalbas, James L.

Stratigraphic, structural, and geophysical modeling studies focusing on both the Mesozoic and modern development of southern Alaska aid in understanding the nature of tectonic responses to oblique plate convergence. Analyses of the Lower to Upper (?) Cretaceous Kahiltna assemblage of the western Alaska Range and the Upper Cretaceous Kuskokwim Group of the northern Kuskokwim Mountains provide a stratigraphic record of orogenic growth in southwestern Alaska. The Kahiltna assemblage records dominantly west-directed gravity-flow transport of sediment to the axis of an obliquely closing basin that made up the suture zone between the allochthonous Wrangellia composite terrane and the North American pericratonic margin. Stratigraphic, compositional, and geochronologic analyses suggest that submarine-fan systems of the Kahiltna basin were fed from the subearial suture zone and contain detrital grains derived from both allochthonous and pericratonic sources, thereby implying a relatively close proximity of the island-arc terrane to the North American margin by late Early Cretaceous time. In contrast, Upper Cretaceous strata exposed immediately west of the Kahiltna assemblage record marine deposition during a period of transition from island arc accretion to strike-slip tectonics. The new stratigraphic model presented here recognizes diverse bathyal- to shelfal-marine depositional systems within the Kuskokwim Group that represent distinctive regional sediment entry points to the basin. Collectively, these strata suggest that the Kuskokwim Group represents the waning stages of marine deposition in a long-lived intra-oceanic and continental margin basin. Geodynamic studies focus on the mechanics of contemporary fault systems in southern Alaska inboard of the collisional Yakutat microplate. Finite-element analyses predict that a poorly understood Holocene strike-slip fault in the St. Elias Mountains transfers shear from the Queen Charlotte fault northward to the Denali fault

Home and Career Development: A Life History of Elia Hill Swann, 1878-1961, with Implications for Counseling.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ziff, Katherine K.

2002-01-01

Analysis of the life history of a rural woman who left home to pursue an urban career yields insights into the ways in which home and memories of home can support women's career development over the lifespan and prepare them for the emotional and financial difficulties of transition. (Contains 26 references.) (SK)

Chemical-potential flow equations for graphene with Coulomb interactions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fräßdorf, Christian; Mosig, Johannes E. M.

2018-06-01

We calculate the chemical potential dependence of the renormalized Fermi velocity and static dielectric function for Dirac quasiparticles in graphene nonperturbatively at finite temperature. By reinterpreting the chemical potential as a flow parameter in the spirit of the functional renormalization group (fRG) we obtain a set of flow equations, which describe the change of these functions upon varying the chemical potential. In contrast to the fRG the initial condition of the flow is nontrivial and has to be calculated separately. Our results are consistent with a charge carrier-independent Fermi velocity v (k ) for small densities n ≲k2/π , supporting the comparison of the zero-density fRG calculation of Bauer et al. [Phys. Rev. B 92, 121409 (2015), 10.1103/PhysRevB.92.121409], with the experiment of Elias et al. [Nat. Phys. 7, 701 (2011), 10.1038/nphys2049].

Modification Site Localization in Peptides.

PubMed

Chalkley, Robert J

2016-01-01

There are a large number of search engines designed to take mass spectrometry fragmentation spectra and match them to peptides from proteins in a database. These peptides could be unmodified, but they could also bear modifications that were added biologically or during sample preparation. As a measure of reliability for the peptide identification, software normally calculates how likely a given quality of match could have been achieved at random, most commonly through the use of target-decoy database searching (Elias and Gygi, Nat Methods 4(3): 207-214, 2007). Matching the correct peptide but with the wrong modification localization is not a random match, so results with this error will normally still be assessed as reliable identifications by the search engine. Hence, an extra step is required to determine site localization reliability, and the software approaches to measure this are the subject of this part of the chapter.

Felt stigma and obesity: introducing the generalized other.

PubMed

Barlösius, Eva; Philipps, Axel

2015-04-01

People with a big body are tainted in western societies. Although most research on obesity occurs in the medical context, few studies investigate characteristics and effects of feelings and fears related to the fat stigma in the absence of overt discrimination. By linking Norbert Elias's and George H. Mead's theoretical frameworks, this paper offers a different approach to understanding and investigating felt stigma. The study is based on secondary data (25 semistructured interviews with children and adolescents). It explores internalized societal perspectives on overweight and obesity and inquires into the way in which interviewees handle the blame frame of personal responsibility during their interview. The preliminary findings suggest that specific forms of managing one's self-presentation in interviews indicate felt stigma. Consequently, the paper argues for an analytical approach that extends the focus on the content of interviews to include its dynamics. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Towards high-precision measurement of the Tritium - He-3 mass difference

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shi, Wei; Redshaw, Matthew; Victoria, Juliette; Myers, Edmund

2004-05-01

An independent measurement of the mass difference of ^3He-^3T provides an important check of systematic errors in tritium beta-decay experiments that set limits to the electron anti-neutrino mass [1]. Using the precision Penning trap system developed at MIT but recently relocated to Florida State University [2], and the simultaneous two-ion cyclotron frequency measurement technique recently developed at MIT [3], we aim to measure this mass difference to better than 30 meV/c^2, more than an order of magnitude improvement over previous measurements [4,5]. Problems being addressed include producing single T^+ ions in the trap without spoiling the vacuum with ^3He, and the extension of the MIT techniques to ions of lighter mass. [1] KATRIN: http://iklau1.fzk.de/tritium [2] See abstract by Redshaw et al. [3] S. Rainville, J.K. Thompson, and D.E. Pritchard, Science 303, 334 (2004). [4] R.S. Van Dyck, D.L. Farnham, and P.B. Schwinberg, PRL 70, 2888 (1993). [5] G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, and C. Thibault, Nuclear Physics A729, 337 (2003).

Dead layer on silicon p-i-n diode charged-particle detectors

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wall, B. L.; Amsbaugh, John F.; Beglarian, A.

Abstract Semiconductor detectors in general have a dead layer at their surfaces that is either a result of natural or induced passivation, or is formed during the process of making a contact. Charged particles passing through this region produce ionization that is incompletely collected and recorded, which leads to departures from the ideal in both energy deposition and resolution. The silicon p-i-n diode used in the KATRIN neutrinomass experiment has such a dead layer. We have constructed a detailed Monte Carlo model for the passage of electrons from vacuum into a silicon detector, and compared the measured energy spectra tomore » the predicted ones for a range of energies from 12 to 20 keV. The comparison provides experimental evidence that a substantial fraction of the ionization produced in the "dead" layer evidently escapes by discussion, with 46% being collected in the depletion zone and the balance being neutralized at the contact or by bulk recombination. The most elementary model of a thinner dead layer from which no charge is collected is strongly disfavored.« less

TRIMS: Validating T2 Molecular Effects for Neutrino Mass Experiments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lin, Ying-Ting; Trims Collaboration

2017-09-01

The Tritium Recoil-Ion Mass Spectrometer (TRIMS) experiment examines the branching ratio of the molecular tritium (T2) beta decay to the bound state (3HeT+). Measuring this branching ratio helps to validate the current molecular final-state theory applied in neutrino mass experiments such as KATRIN and Project 8. TRIMS consists of a magnet-guided time-of-flight mass spectrometer with a detector located on each end. By measuring the kinetic energy and time-of-flight difference of the ions and beta particles reaching the detectors, we will be able to distinguish molecular ions from atomic ones and hence derive the ratio in question. We will give an update on the apparatus, simulation software, and analysis tools, including efforts to improve the resolution of our detectors and to characterize the stability and uniformity of our field sources. We will also share our commissioning results and prospects for physics data. The TRIMS experiment is supported by U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics, Award Number DE-FG02-97ER41020.

Determining the neutrino mass with cyclotron radiation emission spectroscopy—Project 8

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ashtari Esfahani, Ali; Asner, David M.; Böser, Sebastian; Cervantes, Raphael; Claessens, Christine; de Viveiros, Luiz; Doe, Peter J.; Doeleman, Shepard; Fernandes, Justin L.; Fertl, Martin; Finn, Erin C.; Formaggio, Joseph A.; Furse, Daniel; Guigue, Mathieu; Heeger, Karsten M.; Jones, A. Mark; Kazkaz, Kareem; Kofron, Jared A.; Lamb, Callum; LaRoque, Benjamin H.; Machado, Eric; McBride, Elizabeth L.; Miller, Michael L.; Monreal, Benjamin; Mohanmurthy, Prajwal; Nikkel, James A.; Oblath, Noah S.; Pettus, Walter C.; Hamish Robertson, R. G.; Rosenberg, Leslie J.; Rybka, Gray; Rysewyk, Devyn; Saldaña, Luis; Slocum, Penny L.; Sternberg, Matthew G.; Tedeschi, Jonathan R.; Thümmler, Thomas; VanDevender, Brent A.; E Vertatschitsch, Laura; Wachtendonk, Megan; Weintroub, Jonathan; Woods, Natasha L.; Young, André; Zayas, Evan M.

2017-05-01

The most sensitive direct method to establish the absolute neutrino mass is observation of the endpoint of the tritium beta-decay spectrum. Cyclotron radiation emission spectroscopy (CRES) is a precision spectrographic technique that can probe much of the unexplored neutrino mass range with { O }({eV}) resolution. A lower bound of m({ν }e)≳ 9(0.1) {meV} is set by observations of neutrino oscillations, while the KATRIN experiment—the current-generation tritium beta-decay experiment that is based on magnetic adiabatic collimation with an electrostatic (MAC-E) filter—will achieve a sensitivity of m({ν }e)≲ 0.2 {eV}. The CRES technique aims to avoid the difficulties in scaling up a MAC-E filter-based experiment to achieve a lower mass sensitivity. In this paper we review the current status of the CRES technique and describe Project 8, a phased absolute neutrino mass experiment that has the potential to reach sensitivities down to m({ν }e)≲ 40 {meV} using an atomic tritium source.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hal finkel; Kalyan Kumaran; Adrian Pope

An astonishing 99.6% of our Universe is dark. Observations indicate that the Universe consists of 70% of a mysterious dark energy and 25% of a yet-unidentified dark matter component, and only 0.4% of the remaining ordinary matter is visible. Understanding the physics of this dark sector is the foremost challenge in cosmology today. Sophisticated simulations of the evolution of the Universe play a crucial task in this endeavor. This movie shows an intermediate stage in a large simulation of the distribution of matter in the Universe, the so-called cosmic web, accounting for the influence of dark energy. The simulation ismore » evolving 1.1 trillion particles. The movie shows a snapshot of the Universe when it was 1.6 billion years old. Credits: Science: Hal Finkel, Salman Habib, Katrin Heitmann, Kalyan Kumaran, Vitali Morozov, Tom Peterka, Adrian Pope, Tim Williams, David Daniel, Patricia Fasel, Nicholas Frontiere and Zarija Lukic. Visualization: Mark Herald, Joseph A. Insley, Michael E. Papka and Venkatram Vishwanath« less

Measuring mass of neutrinos with {beta}-decays of tritium and rhenium

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dvornicky, R.; Simkovic, F.; Bogolyubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, JINR, Dubna

2009-11-09

Already long time ago the shape of the electron spectrum in {beta}-decays of {sup 3}H and {sup 187}Re has been recognized as an important tool for understanding of neutrino masses. The sensitivity of KATRIN (in preparation, tritium {beta}-decay) and the MARE (under consideration, {sup 187}Re{beta}-decay) experiments to neutrino mass will reach the sub eV domain. In view of this experimental progress there is a request for a highly accurate theoretical description of the electron endpoint spectra. By taking the advantage of the elementary particle treatment of {sup 3}H and {sup 3}He the relativistic form for {beta}-decay endpoint spectrum of tritiummore » is obtained by taking into account also the effect of nuclear recoil. Further, the currently unknown shape of the electron spectrum for the {beta}-decay of {sup 187}Re is presented. It is found that the first forbidden {sup 187}Re(5/2{sup +}){yields}{sup 187}Os(1/2{sup -}){beta}-decay transition is accompanied with emission of mostly p{sub 3/2}-state electrons.« less

European National Society Cardiovascular Journals

PubMed Central

Alfonso, F.; Ambrosio, G.; Pinto, F.J.; van der Wall, E.E.

2008-01-01

Anesti Kondili MD, Djamaleddine Nibouche MD, Karlen Adamyan MD, Kurt Huber MD, Hugo Ector MD, Izet Masic MD, Rumiana Tarnovska MD, Mario Ivanusa MD, Vladimír Stane˘k MD, Jørgen Videbæk MD, Mohamed Hamed MD, Alexandras Laucevicius MD, Pirjo Mustonen MD, Jean-Yves Artigou MD, Ariel Cohen MD, Mamanti Rogava MD, Michael Böhm MD, Eckart Fleck MD, Gerd Heusch MD, Rainer Klawki MD, Panos Vardas MD, Christodoulos Stefanadis MD, József Tenczer MD, Massimo Chiariello MD, Aleksandras Laucevicius MD, Joseph Elias MD, Halima Benjelloun MD, Olaf Rødevand MD, Piotr Kul/akowski MD, Edvard Apetrei MD, Victor A. Lusov MD, Rafael G. Oganov MD, Velibor Obradovic MD, Gabriel Kamensky MD, Miran F. Kenda MD, Christer Höglund MD, Thomas F. Lüscher MD, René Lerch MD, Moufid Jokhadar MD, Habib Haouala MD, Vedat Sansoy MD, Valentin Shumakov MD, Adam Timmis MD. (European National Society Cardiovascular Journals Editors, see Appendix for complete affiliations) PMID:18665206

Entropy: Thermodynamic definition and quantum expression

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gyftopoulos, Elias P.; Çubukçu, Erol

1997-04-01

Numerous expressions exist in the scientific literature purporting to represent entropy. Are they all acceptable? To answer this question, we review the thermodynamic definition of entropy, and establish eight criteria that must be satisfied by it. The definition and criteria are obtained by using solely the general, nonstatistical statements of the first and second laws presented in Thermodynamics: Foundations and Applications [Elias P. Gyftopoulos and Gian Paolo Beretta (Macmillan, New York, 1991)]. We apply the eight criteria to each of the entropy expressions proposed in the literature and find that only the relation S=-kTrρln ρ satisfies all the criteria, provided that the density operator ρ corresponds to a homogeneous ensemble of identical systems, identically prepared. Homogeneous ensemble means that every member of the ensemble is described by the same density operator ρ as any other member, that is, the ensemble is not a statistical mixture of projectors (wave functions).

Milliarcsecond resolution infrared observations of young stars in Taurus and Ophiuchus

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Simon, M.; Howell, R. R.; Longmore, A. J.; Wilking, B. A.; Peterson, D. M.; Chen, W.-P.

1987-09-01

The paper reports K-band lunar occultation observations of 18 stars in the Taurus and Ophiuchus star-forming regions. Four of the systems, HQ Tau, FF Tau, and SR 12 and ROX 31 in Ophiuchus, are binaries. Their separations, as observed in the projection along the directions of their occultations, range from about 5 to 186 milliarcseconds (mas). SR 12 was also observed by the technique of speckle interferometry in the J, H, and K bands. These observations, taken together with the lunar occultation results, show that SR 12 is an about 0.30 arcsec binary system whose components are late-type stars still approaching the main sequence. The lunar occultation observations reveal extended structure associated with two objects. Elias 29 in Ophiuchus contains a central component about 7 mas in diameter, that radiates most of the flux, and a much larger diffuse component. YLW 16A, also in Ophiuchus, is an extended object about 0.5 arcsec in diameter.

Binding of multiple features in memory by high-functioning adults with autism spectrum disorder.

PubMed

Bowler, Dermot M; Gaigg, Sebastian B; Gardiner, John M

2014-09-01

Diminished episodic memory and diminished use of semantic information to aid recall by individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are both thought to result from diminished relational binding of elements of complex stimuli. To test this hypothesis, we asked high-functioning adults with ASD and typical comparison participants to study grids in which some cells contained drawings of objects in non-canonical colours. Participants were told at study which features (colour, item, location) would be tested in a later memory test. In a second experiment, participants studied similar grids and were told that they would be tested on object-location or object-colour combinations. Recognition of combinations was significantly diminished in ASD, which survived covarying performance on the Color Trails Test (D'Elia et al. Color trails test. Professional manual. Psychological Assessment Resources, Lutz, 1996), a test of executive difficulties. The findings raise the possibility that medial temporal as well as frontal lobe processes are dysfunctional in ASD.

[Project HOPE contribution to the setting up of the professional identity of the first nurses from Alagoas, 1973-1977].

PubMed

Costa, Laís de Miranda Crispim; dos Santos, Regina Maria; Santos, Tânia Cristina Franco; Trezza, Maria Cristina Soares Figueiredo; Leite, Josete Luzia

2014-01-01

Social-historical study conducted to examine the contribution of the American Nurses of Project HOPE to the configuration of the professional identity of the first trained nurses in Alagoas, in the period of 1973-1977. The theoretical framework was the "Civilizing Process" of Norbert Elias. Primary sources were official documents and personal files of 13 respondents by oral history; the secondary sources were authors of the History of Brazil/Alagoas. Data analysis showed that the configuration of the professional identity of the first trained nurses in Alagoas was a civilizing process, with all the nuances that make up the power relations. There was a significant contribution of American Nursing. However the movement of resistance to this domination was very strong, resulting in a Course that could take advantage of technological advancement and prestige brought by the United States, to build a unique Nursing from the social fabric embroidery at this meeting with so many different cultures.

Assessment of Masonry Buildings Subjected to Landslide-Induced Settlements: From Load Path Method to Evolutionary Optimization Method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Palmisano, Fabrizio; Elia, Angelo

2017-10-01

One of the main difficulties, when dealing with landslide structural vulnerability, is the diagnosis of the causes of crack patterns. This is also due to the excessive complexity of models based on classical structural mechanics that makes them inappropriate especially when there is the necessity to perform a rapid vulnerability assessment at the territorial scale. This is why, a new approach, based on a ‘simple model’ (i.e. the Load Path Method, LPM), has been proposed by Palmisano and Elia for the interpretation of the behaviour of masonry buildings subjected to landslide-induced settlements. However, the LPM is very useful for rapidly finding the 'most plausible solution' instead of the exact solution. To find the solution, optimization algorithms are necessary. In this scenario, this article aims to show how the Bidirectional Evolutionary Structural Optimization method by Huang and Xie, can be very useful to optimize the strut-and-tie models obtained by using the Load Path Method.

L' and M' standard stars for the Mauna Kea Observatories Near-Infrared system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Leggett, S. K.; Hawarden, T. G.; Currie, M. J.; Adamson, A. J.; Carroll, T. C.; Kerr, T. H.; Kuhn, O. P.; Seigar, M. S.; Varricatt, W. P.; Wold, T.

2003-10-01

We present L' and M' photometry, obtained at the United Kingdom Infrared Telescope (UKIRT) using the Mauna Kea Observatories Near-Infrared (MKO-NIR) filter set, for 46 and 31 standard stars, respectively. The L' standards include 25 from the in-house `UKIRT Bright Standards' with magnitudes deriving from Elias et al. and observations at the Infrared Telescope Facility in the early 1980s, and 21 fainter stars. The M' magnitudes derive from the results of Sinton and Tittemore. We estimate the average external error to be 0.015 mag for the bright L' standards and 0.025 mag for the fainter L' standards, and 0.026 mag for the M' standards. The new results provide a network of homogeneously observed standards, and establish reference stars for the MKO system, in these bands. They also extend the available standards to magnitudes which should be faint enough to be accessible for observations with modern detectors on large and very large telescopes.

[Hygiene practices in a street market in the city of Salvador, Bahia State].

PubMed

Minnaert, Ana Cláudia de Sá Teles; Freitas, Maria do Carmo Soares

2010-06-01

The main objective of this research is to understand the meaning of the practices concerning food hygiene in a street market in Salvador, the capital of Bahia State in Brazil. The ethnographic study presents two main categories for symbolic production related to hygiene practices: cleanliness as order and dirtiness as disorder. These cultural codes make correspondence with the studies of Mary Douglas and Nobert Elias. The codes present particularities to decode everyday life, in which concept and hygiene practices are aspects normalized, in daily activity, for persons who share the space of street market: vendors, consumers, street cleaners and official inspectors. The techno-scientific knowledge and sanitary legislation are strange to the symbolic system of street market vendors. The laws are ineffective and their influence is of little importance in the creation of hygiene practices. Official inspectors' attitudes are coercive and punitive and do not take into account any cultural values when enforcing new hygiene practices.

M/V ELIAS Explosion and Fire at Fort Mifflin, PA., on 9 April 1974 with Loss of Life.

DTIC Science & Technology

1977-09-09

above crude oilin acaro tak my beignted t alowr tepertur tha themeaure flash point of a sample of the same cargo. The reason for this anomaly is as...of 72 hours. William CALAFATY Security Guard 715 E. Allegheny Ave . Philadelphia, Pa. 4. The weather at the time of casualty was overcast with good...recess. Ladder steps on the inside of the Imer boundaries of the recesseswere seveiely wasted to a feather edqe at each sten. BEST AV A1ABIE COPY’ 25 g

VizieR Online Data Catalog: X-ray sources close to 3C 295 galaxy cluster (D'Elia+, 2008)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

D'Elia, V.; Fiore, F.; Mathur, S.; Cocchia, F.

2008-09-01

To acquire the optical spectra of the 3C 295 sources, we proposed a Multi Object Spectroscopy (MOS) programme using DOLORES@TNG (AOT 9). Two acquisition images each of exposure time 900 s and with a limiting magnitude of R~24, had already been obtained using DOLORES on March 19, 2002. We acquired the spectral data on 22 and 23 March, 2004. (1 data file).

Glacier ice mass fluctuations and fault instability in tectonically active Southern Alaska

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sauber, Jeanne M.; Molnia, Bruce F.

2004-07-01

Across the plate boundary zone in south central Alaska, tectonic strain rates are high in a region that includes large glaciers undergoing wastage (glacier retreat and thinning) and surges. For the coastal region between the Bering and Malaspina Glaciers, the average ice mass thickness changes between 1995 and 2000 range from 1 to 5 m/year. These ice changes caused solid Earth displacements in our study region with predicted values of -10 to 50 mm in the vertical and predicted horizontal displacements of 0-10 mm at variable orientations. Relative to stable North America, observed horizontal rates of tectonic deformation range from 10 to 40 mm/year to the north-northwest and the predicted tectonic uplift rates range from approximately 0 mm/year near the Gulf of Alaska coast to 12 mm/year further inland. The ice mass changes between 1995 and 2000 resulted in discernible changes in the Global Positioning System (GPS) measured station positions of one site (ISLE) located adjacent to the Bagley Ice Valley and at one site, DON, located south of the Bering Glacier terminus. In addition to modifying the surface displacements rates, we evaluated the influence ice changes during the Bering glacier surge cycle had on the background seismic rate. We found an increase in the number of earthquakes ( ML≥2.5) and seismic rate associated with ice thinning and a decrease in the number of earthquakes and seismic rate associated with ice thickening. These results support the hypothesis that ice mass changes can modulate the background seismic rate. During the last century, wastage of the coastal glaciers in the Icy Bay and Malaspina region indicates thinning of hundreds of meters and in areas of major retreat, maximum losses of ice thickness approaching 1 km. Between the 1899 Yakataga and Yakutat earthquakes ( Mw=8.1, 8.1) and prior to the 1979 St. Elias earthquake ( Ms=7.2), the plate interface below Icy Bay was locked and tectonic strain accumulated. We used estimated ice mass

High Resolution Airborne InSAR DEM of Bagley Ice Valley, South-central Alaska: Geodetic Validation with Airborne Laser Altimeter Data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Muskett, R. R.; Lingle, C. S.; Echelmeyer, K. A.; Valentine, V. B.; Elsberg, D.

2001-12-01

Bagley Ice Valley, in the St. Elias and Chugach Mountains of south-central Alaska, is an integral part of the largest connected glacierized terrain on the North American continent. From the flow divide between Mt. Logan and Mt. St. Elias, Bagley Ice Valley flows west-northwest for some 90 km down a slope of less than 1o, at widths up to 15 km, to a saddle-gap where it turns south-west to become Bering Glacier. During 4-13 September 2000, an airborne survey of Bagley Ice Valley was performed by Intermap Technologies, Inc., using their Star-3i X-band SAR interferometer. The resulting digital elevation model (DEM) covers an area of 3243 km2. The DEM elevations are orthometric heights, in meters above the EGM96 geoid. The horizontal locations of the 10-m postings are with respect to the WGS84 ellipsoid. On 26 August 2000, 9 to 18 days prior to the Intermap Star-3i survey, a small-aircraft laser altimeter profile was acquired along the central flow line for validation. The laser altimeter data consists of elevations above the WGS84 ellipsoid and orthometric heights above GEOID99-Alaska. Assessment of the accuracy of the Intermap Star-3i DEM was made by comparison of both the DEM orthometric heights and elevations above the WGS84 ellipsoid with the laser altimeter data. Comparison of the orthometric heights showed an average difference of 5.4 +/- 1.0 m (DEM surface higher). Comparison of elevations above the WGS84 ellipsoid showed an average difference of -0.77 +/- 0.93 m (DEM surface lower). This indicates that the X-band Star-3i interferometer was penetrating the glacier surface by an expected small amount. The WGS84 comparison is well within the 3 m RMS accuracy quoted for GT-3 DEM products. Snow accumulation may have occurred, however, on Bagley Ice Valley between 26 August and 4-13 September 2000. This will be estimated using a mass balance model and used to correct the altimeter-derived surface heights. The new DEM of Bagley Ice Valley will provide a reference

Glacier ice mass fluctuations and fault instability in tectonically active Southern Alaska

USGS Publications Warehouse

Sauber, J.M.; Molnia, B.F.

2004-01-01

Across the plate boundary zone in south central Alaska, tectonic strain rates are high in a region that includes large glaciers undergoing wastage (glacier retreat and thinning) and surges. For the coastal region between the Bering and Malaspina Glaciers, the average ice mass thickness changes between 1995 and 2000 range from 1 to 5 m/year. These ice changes caused solid Earth displacements in our study region with predicted values of -10 to 50 mm in the vertical and predicted horizontal displacements of 0-10 mm at variable orientations. Relative to stable North America, observed horizontal rates of tectonic deformation range from 10 to 40 mm/year to the north-northwest and the predicted tectonic uplift rates range from approximately 0 mm/year near the Gulf of Alaska coast to 12 mm/year further inland. The ice mass changes between 1995 and 2000 resulted in discernible changes in the Global Positioning System (GPS) measured station positions of one site (ISLE) located adjacent to the Bagley Ice Valley and at one site, DON, located south of the Bering Glacier terminus. In addition to modifying the surface displacements rates, we evaluated the influence ice changes during the Bering glacier surge cycle had on the background seismic rate. We found an increase in the number of earthquakes (ML???2.5) and seismic rate associated with ice thinning and a decrease in the number of earthquakes and seismic rate associated with ice thickening. These results support the hypothesis that ice mass changes can modulate the background seismic rate. During the last century, wastage of the coastal glaciers in the Icy Bay and Malaspina region indicates thinning of hundreds of meters and in areas of major retreat, maximum losses of ice thickness approaching 1 km. Between the 1899 Yakataga and Yakutat earthquakes (Mw=8.1, 8.1) and prior to the 1979 St. Elias earthquake (M s=7.2), the plate interface below Icy Bay was locked and tectonic strain accumulated. We used estimated ice mass

Beyond low beta-decay Q values

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mustonen, M. T.; Suhonen, J.

Beta decays with low Q values can be utilized in the quest to determine the neutrino mass scale. This is being realized in two experiments, KATRIN and MARE, using tritium and {sup 187}Re, respectively. The beta-decay of {sup 187}Re had the lowest known Q value until 2005, when the beta decay of {sup 115}In to the first excited state of {sup 115}Sn was discovered in Gran Sasso underground laboratory. Last year two independent ion trap measurements confirmed that this decay breaks the former record by an order of magnitude.Our theoretical study on this tiny decay channel complemented the experimental effortmore » by the JYFLTRAP group in Finland and HADES underground laboratory in Belgium. A significant discrepancy between the experimental and theoretical results was found. This might be explained by various atomic contributions known to grow larger as the Q value decreases. However, the traditional recipes for taking these effects into account break down on this new ultra-low Q value regime, providing new challenges for theorists on the borderline between nuclear and atomic physics.« less

Tachyon dynamics — for neutrinos?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schwartz, Charles

2018-04-01

Following earlier studies that provided a consistent theory of kinematics for tachyons (faster-than-light particles), we here embark on a study of tachyon dynamics, both in classical physics and in the quantum theory. Examining a general scattering process, we come to recognize that the labels given to “in” and “out” states are not Lorentz invariant for tachyons; and this lets us find a sensible interpretation of negative energy states. For statistical mechanics, as well as for scattering problems, we study what should be the proper expression for density of states for tachyons. We review the previous work on quantization of a Dirac field for tachyons and go on to expand earlier considerations of neutrinos as tachyons in the context of cosmology. We stumble into the realization that tachyon neutrinos would contribute to gravitation with the opposite sign compared to tachyon antineutrinos. This leads to the gobsmacking prediction that the Cosmic Neutrino Background, if they are indeed tachyons, might explain both phenomena of Dark Matter and Dark Energy. This theoretical study also makes contact with the anticipated results from the experiments KATRIN and PTOLEMY, which focus on beta decay and neutrino absorption by Tritium.

Clinician-scientist trainee: a German perspective.

PubMed

Bossé, Dominick; Milger, Katrin; Morty, Rory E

2011-12-01

Clinician-scientists are particularly well positioned to bring basic science findings to the patient's bedside; the ultimate objective of basic research in the health sciences. Concerns have recently been raised about the decreasing workforce of clinician-scientists in both the United States of America and in Canada; however, little is known about clinician-scientists elsewhere around the globe. The purpose of this article is two-fold: 1) to feature clinician-scientist training in Germany; and 2) to provide a comparison with the Canadian system. In a question/answer interview, Rory E. Morty, director of a leading clinician-scientist training program in Germany, and Katrin Milger, a physician and graduate from that program, draw a picture of clinician-scientist training and career opportunities in Germany, outlining the place of clinician-scientists in the German medical system, the advantages and drawbacks of this training, and government initiatives to promote training and career development of clinician-scientists. The interview is followed by a discussion comparing the German and Canadian clinician-scientist development programs, focusing on barriers to trainee recruitment and career progress, and efforts to eliminate the barriers encountered along this very demanding but also very rewarding career path.

Measurement of Turbulent Water Vapor Fluxes from Lightweight Unmanned Aircraft Systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Thomas, R. M.; Ramanathan, V.; Nguyen, H.; Lehmann*, K.

2010-12-01

wind tunnel investigations and the outcomes from test flights planned for September 2010 at a marine location are discussed. Acknowledgments We would like to acknowledge the significant contributions to this system made by the late Katrin Lehmann whose life was tragically cut short by a hiking accident. Katrin was responsible for the initial design, construction and programming of the UAS elements, and in doing so laid solid foundations for the system. We are indebted to NOAA, for funding this project through the research grant NOAA NA17RJ1231. Thank you also to Mike Marston of NASA, the BAE systems crew Phillip Corcoran and Rafael Gaytan, and Mike Rizen of UCSD Physics workshop for their mission roles. We would also like to thank NSF for long term support of the C4 UAS Program.

Molluscan evidence for early middle Miocene marine glaciation in southern Alaska

USGS Publications Warehouse

Marincovich, L.

1990-01-01

Profound cooling of Miocene marine climates in southern Alaska culminated in early middle Miocene coastal marine glaciation in the northeastern Gulf of Alaska. This climatic change resulted from interaction of the Yakutat terrane with southern Alaska beginning in late Oligocene time. The ensuing extreme uplift of the coastal Chugach and St. Elias Mountains resulted in progressive regional cooling that culminated in coastal marine glaciation beginning in the early middle Miocene (15-16 Ma) and continuing to the present. The counterclockwise flow of surface water from the frigid northeastern Gulf of Alaska resulted in a cold-temperate shallow-marine environment in the western Gulf of Alaska, as it does today. Ironically, dating of Gulf of Alaska marine glaciation as early middle Miocene is strongly reinforced by the presence of a few tropical and subtropical mollusks in western Gulf of Alaska faunas. Shallow-marine waters throughout the Gulf of Alaska were cold-temperate to cold in the early middle Miocene, when the world ocean was undergoing peak Neogene warming. -Author

Extent of endocrine disruption in fish of western and Alaskan National Parks

USGS Publications Warehouse

Schreck, Carl B.; Kent, Michael

2013-01-01

In 2008 2009, 998 fish were collected from 43 water bodies across 11 western Alaskan national parks and analyzed for reproductive abnormalities. Exposure to estrogenic substances such as pesticides can induce abnormalities like intersex. Results suggest there is a greater propensity for male intersex fish collected from parks located in the Rocky Mountains, and specifically in Rocky Mountain NP. Individual male intersex fish were also identified at Lassen Volcanic, Yosemite, and WrangellSt. Elias NPs. The preliminary finding of female intersex was determined to be a false positive. The overall goal of this project was to assess the general health of fish from eleven western national parks to infer whether health impacts may be linked to contaminant health thresholds for animal andor human health. This was accomplished by evaluating the presence of intersex fish with eggs developing in male gonads or sperm developing in female gonads using histology. In addition, endocrine disrupting compounds and other contaminants were quantified in select specimens. General histologic appearance of the gonadal tissue and spleen were observed to assess health.

A social/emotional theory of 'mental illness'.

PubMed

Scheff, Thomas

2013-02-01

One reason that theories of mental illness have made little progress may be their focus on individuals, omitting the social/relational and emotional world. Adding these components will be difficult, however: in modern societies they have become virtually invisible, particularly the emotion of shame. The theory outlined here is based on the work of Cooley, Elias, Lewis and Goffman: shame is both social and individual and, if anticipation is included, virtually omnipresent in modern societies. It is proposed that most symptoms of mental illness are products of shame and relational feedback loops: emotion and alienation can both spiral leading to further alienation and chaotic or hidden emotions. Almost everyone is especially ashamed of their shame. Being ashamed of one's shame and/or anger can spiral when not acknowledged. Under certain conditions, these spirals continue without limit, generating immense force for acting out symptoms or depression. To the extent that this theory is true, we would need to rename the field using non-medical terms, such as emotional/social dysfunction.

Neogene Sediment Transport, Deposition, and Exhumation from the Southern Alaska Syntaxis to the Eastern Aleutian Subduction Zone

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ridgway, K. D.; Witmer, J. W.; Enkelmann, E.; Plafker, G.; Brennan, P. R.

2011-12-01

Over 5 km of Neogene sedimentary strata are well exposed in the Chugach-St. Elias Ranges within the southern Alaska syntaxis. This syntaxis forms where the Pacific-North America plate boundary changes from the northwest-trending Queen Charlotte-Fairweather transform system to the southwest-trending Alaska-Aleutian subduction zone. Active collision and subduction of the buoyant Yakutat microplate in the syntaxis results in a wide collisional zone defined by active mountain belts, extensive glaciation, and thick packages of synorogenic strata. New stratigraphic and U-Th/He thermochronologic data from Neogene synorogenic strata, named the Yakataga and Redwood Formations, provide insights on collisional tectonics, glacial erosion, and sediment transport, deposition, burial, and exhumation from the onshore Chugach and St. Elias Ranges to the exposed accretionary prism of the Aleutian trench. Stratigraphic analyses show that along the southeastern part of the syntaxis, Neogene strata are characterized by deposition in braid delta, shallow marine, and glaciomarine slope apron depositional systems that resulted in construction of a broad continental shelf. In the central part of the syntaxis, marine shelf and upper slope environments deposited thick-bedded sandstone and mudstone in a thrust belt/foreland basin system. Along the southwestern part of the syntaxis, Neogene strata were deposited in a regional submarine fan system that filled the easternmost part of the Aleutian trench. Geologic mapping of the contact between the Yakataga Formation and underlying strata along the syntaxis document an angular unconformity with maximum stratigraphic separation (> 5 km) in the central part of the syntaxis. Along strike, this unconformity becomes conformable along both the southwestern and southeastern parts of the syntaxis. The regional angular unconformity and facies transitions both point to the importance of the central part of the syntaxis in the generation and distribution of

Unraveling tectonics and climate forcing in the late-Neogene exhumation history of South Alaska

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Valla, Pierre; Champagnac, Jean-Daniel; Shuster, David; Herman, Frédéric; Giuditta Fellin, Maria

2015-04-01

The southern Alaska range presents an ideal setting to study the complex interactions between tectonics, climate and surface processes in landscape evolution. It exhibits active tectonics with the ongoing subduction/collision between Pacific and North America, and major active seismogenic reverse and strike-slip faults. The alpine landscape, rugged topography and the important ice-coverage at present reveal a strong glacial imprint associated with high erosion and sediment transport rates. Therefore, the relative importance of climatically-driven glacial erosion and tectonics for the observed late-exhumation history appears to be quite complex to decipher. Here, we first perform a formal inversion of an extensive bedrock thermochronological dataset from the literature to quantify the large-scale 20-Myr exhumation history over the entire southern Alaska. We show that almost half of the variability within the thermochronological record can be explained by modern annual precipitations spatial distribution, the residuals clearly evidencing localized exhumation along major tectonic structures of the frontal fold and thrust belt. Our results confirm high exhumation rates in the St Elias "syntaxis" and frontal zones for the last 0-2 Myr, where major ice fields and high precipitation rates likely sustained high exhumation rates; however the impact of late Cenozoic glaciations is difficult to constrain because of the low resolution on the exhumation history older than ~2 Myr. On the contrary, our inversion outcomes highlight that north of the Bagley Icefield the long-term exhumation has remained quite slow and continuous over the last ~20 Myr, with no late-stage signal of exhumation change since the onset of glaciations despite a clear glacial imprint on the landscape. We thus focus on the Granite Range (Wrangell-St Elias National Park, Alaska), an area presenting a strong glacial imprint but minor tectonic activity with only localized brittle deformation. We sampled four

The Mobile Margin of (Far) North America: GPS Constraints on Active Deformation in Alaska and the Role of the Yakutat Block

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Elliott, J.; Freymueller, J. T.; Larsen, C. F.; Motyka, R. J.

2010-12-01

a main thrust instead of cutting through the lithosphere. In contrast with the region to the east, relative convergence is accommodated over a fairly short distance across the St. Elias Mountains. West of the deformation front, the en echelon blocks and faults continue until the vicinity of the Bering Glacier, where the GPS data reveal a rotation towards the north as the tectonic regime transitions from the collision and accretion of the Yakutat block to subduction along the Aleutian Megathrust. North of the Chugach and St. Elias Ranges, the Southern Alaska block rotates counterclockwise.

Ensemble Grouping Strategies for Embedded Stochastic Collocation Methods Applied to Anisotropic Diffusion Problems

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

D'Elia, M.; Edwards, H. C.; Hu, J.

Previous work has demonstrated that propagating groups of samples, called ensembles, together through forward simulations can dramatically reduce the aggregate cost of sampling-based uncertainty propagation methods [E. Phipps, M. D'Elia, H. C. Edwards, M. Hoemmen, J. Hu, and S. Rajamanickam, SIAM J. Sci. Comput., 39 (2017), pp. C162--C193]. However, critical to the success of this approach when applied to challenging problems of scientific interest is the grouping of samples into ensembles to minimize the total computational work. For example, the total number of linear solver iterations for ensemble systems may be strongly influenced by which samples form the ensemble whenmore » applying iterative linear solvers to parameterized and stochastic linear systems. In this paper we explore sample grouping strategies for local adaptive stochastic collocation methods applied to PDEs with uncertain input data, in particular canonical anisotropic diffusion problems where the diffusion coefficient is modeled by truncated Karhunen--Loève expansions. Finally, we demonstrate that a measure of the total anisotropy of the diffusion coefficient is a good surrogate for the number of linear solver iterations for each sample and therefore provides a simple and effective metric for grouping samples.« less

Extreme star formation in the Milky Way: luminosity distributions of young stellar objects in W49A and W51

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Eden, D. J.; Moore, T. J. T.; Urquhart, J. S.; Elia, D.; Plume, R.; König, C.; Baldeschi, A.; Schisano, E.; Rigby, A. J.; Morgan, L. K.; Thompson, M. A.

2018-07-01

We have compared the star-formation properties of the W49A and W51 regions by using far-infrared data from the Herschel infrared Galactic Plane Survey (Hi-GAL) and 850-μm observations from the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) to obtain luminosities and masses, respectively, of associated compact sources. The former are infrared luminosities from the catalogue of Elia et al., while the latter are from the JCMT Plane survey source catalogue as well as measurements from new data. The clump-mass distributions of the two regions are found to be consistent with each other, as are the clump-formation efficiency and star-formation efficiency analogues. However, the frequency distributions of the luminosities of the young stellar objects are significantly different. While the luminosity distribution in W51 is consistent with Galaxy-wide samples, that of W49A is top heavy. The differences are not dramatic and are concentrated in the central regions of W49A. However, they suggest that physical conditions there, which are comparable in part to those in extragalactic starbursts, are significantly affecting the star-formation properties or evolution of the dense clumps in the region.

Characterizing executive functioning in older special populations: from cognitively elite to cognitively impaired.

PubMed

de Frias, Cindy M; Dixon, Roger A; Strauss, Esther

2009-11-01

The authors examined the structure and invariance of executive functions (EF) across (a) a continuum of cognitive status in 3 groups of older adults (cognitively elite [CE], cognitively normal [CN], and cognitively impaired [CI]) and (b) a 3-year longitudinal interval. Using latent variable analyses (LISREL 8.80), the authors tested 3-factor models ("Inhibition": Hayling [Burgess & Shallice, 1997], Stroop [Regard, 1981]; "Shifting": Brixton [Burgess & Shallice, 1997], Color Trails [D'Elia et al., 1996]; and "Updating": Reading and Computational Span [Salthouse & Babcock, 1991]) and 1-factor models within each group. Participants (initial N = 570; 53-90 years) were from the Victoria Longitudinal Study (Sample 3, Waves 1 and 2). Cross-sectionally, the authors observed a 3-factor EF structure especially for the CE group and 1-factor solutions for all 3 groups. Longitudinally, temporal invariance was supported for the 3-factor model (CE and CN groups) and the 1-factor model (CI and CN groups). Subgroups with higher cognitive status and greater 3-year stability performed better on EF factors than corresponding groups with lower cognitive status and less stability. Studies of EF structure, performance, dedifferentiation, and dysfunction will benefit from considering initial cognitive status and longitudinal stability.

Differential impairment on measures of attention in patients with paranoid and nonparanoid schizophrenia.

PubMed

Chan, Michelle W C; Yip, James T H; Lee, Tatia M C

2004-01-01

The purpose of the present study is to investigate whether patients with different subtypes of schizophrenia are differentially impaired on measures of attention. Forty-eight patients with schizophrenia (19 paranoid and 29 nonparanoid) and 48 healthy controls (matched on chronological age, sex, and years of education) were administered five measures of attention including the Stroop Color-Word Test (SCWT; Stroop, 1935), the Digit Vigilance Test (DVT; Lewis, 1992), the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT; Smith, 1982), the Backward Digit Span Test (BDST; Wechsler, 1987), and the Color Trails Test (CTT; D'Elia et al., 1996) to assess selective attention, sustained attention, switching attention, and attentional control processing by the latter two tests respectively. Results from the present study showed that patients with schizophrenia performed poorer on the SCWT, the DVT, and the SDMT, relative to their healthy counterparts. Furthermore, patients with different subtypes of schizophrenia also had different degrees of attentional impairment. While patients with paranoid schizophrenia performed worse on the SCWT, those with nonparanoid schizophrenia performed worse on the SDMT. Nevertheless, these findings may suggest that patients with paranoid and nonparanoid schizophrenia may have different profiles with respect to their performances on measures of attention.

Ensemble Grouping Strategies for Embedded Stochastic Collocation Methods Applied to Anisotropic Diffusion Problems

DOE PAGES

D'Elia, M.; Edwards, H. C.; Hu, J.; ...

2018-01-18

Previous work has demonstrated that propagating groups of samples, called ensembles, together through forward simulations can dramatically reduce the aggregate cost of sampling-based uncertainty propagation methods [E. Phipps, M. D'Elia, H. C. Edwards, M. Hoemmen, J. Hu, and S. Rajamanickam, SIAM J. Sci. Comput., 39 (2017), pp. C162--C193]. However, critical to the success of this approach when applied to challenging problems of scientific interest is the grouping of samples into ensembles to minimize the total computational work. For example, the total number of linear solver iterations for ensemble systems may be strongly influenced by which samples form the ensemble whenmore » applying iterative linear solvers to parameterized and stochastic linear systems. In this paper we explore sample grouping strategies for local adaptive stochastic collocation methods applied to PDEs with uncertain input data, in particular canonical anisotropic diffusion problems where the diffusion coefficient is modeled by truncated Karhunen--Loève expansions. Finally, we demonstrate that a measure of the total anisotropy of the diffusion coefficient is a good surrogate for the number of linear solver iterations for each sample and therefore provides a simple and effective metric for grouping samples.« less

The modern atmospheric background dust load: Recognition in Central Asian snowpack, and compositional constraints

USGS Publications Warehouse

Hinkley, T.; Pertsiger, F.; Zavjalova, L.

1997-01-01

Dusts in strata of snowpack in the Alai-Pamir range, Kirghizstan, Central Asia, have chemical compositions that are in the same restricted range as those of the dusts found in snowpacks at three other locations: central south Greenland, the St. Elias range (Alaska), and coastal Antarctica, where special-type local dust sources certainly cannot dominate. This similarity at the four widely separated sites appears to indicate that there is a modern atmospheric background dust that is the same on a regional, hemispheric, or global scale. The common compositional range is that of average crustal rock, or of moderately ferromagnesian volcanic rock. It is not that of carbonate, nor highly siliciceous rocks. Previously, the existence of an atmospheric background dust has been postulated only on the basis of its particle size distribution, and only from observations in polar regions. The present study partially determines the chemical composition of the background dust, and confirms its existence in snowpack at four localities worldwide, including the center of the earth's largest continent where dusts of local source have considerable influence. U.S. copyright. Published in 1997 by the American Geophysical Union.

Ideas for Use of an IPad in Introductory Physics Education

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aurora, Tarlok S.

2014-03-01

Mobile devices such as an IPad, tablet computers and smartphones offer an opportunity to collect information to facilitate physics teaching and learning. The data collected with built-in sensors, such as a video camera, may be analyzed on the mobile device itself or on a desktop computer. In this work, first, the circular motion of a steel ball rolling in a cereal bowl was analyzed to show that it consisted of two simple harmonic motions, in perpendicular directions. Secondly, motion of two balls-one dropped vertically down, and the other one launched as a projectile - was analyzed. Data was analyzed with Logger Pro software, and value of g was determined graphically. Details of the work, its limitations and additional examples will be described. The material so obtained may be used as a demonstration, in a classroom, to clarify physics concepts. In a school, where students are required to have such portable devices, one may assign such activities as homework, to enhance student engagement in learning physics. The author is thankful to USciences for the IPad; and Rich Cosgriff, Phyllis Blumberg and Elia Eschenazi for useful discussions.

Nurses' daily life: gender relations from the time spent in hospital.

PubMed

Pereira, Audrey Vidal

2015-01-01

to analyze the everyday life of nurses through the sexual work division as well as through interdependence relations and the time in hospital. quanti-qualitative study, based on the Time Use Survey and in Norbert Elias's Configuration Theory of Interdependencies. Daily shifts distribution record, directed by 42 participants--with self-confrontation--by interviews which drew dialogues on subjective aspects of the everyday experiences related to use of time, based on a job at a university hospital. The theoretical intake that founded data analysis was based on concepts of conflicts of interest, power struggles, sexual work division and polychronic-monochronic concepts--whether the work environment demands multitasking nurses or not. time records allowed to observe differences between the groups studied, useful to identify conflicts, tensions, power struggles and gender inequalities in interviewees' everyday affairs that do not only affect physical and mental health, but also their way of life. the analytical path pointed out the need for public policies that promote equity in gender relations, keeping at sight the exercise of plural discourses and tolerant stances capable to respect differences between individual and collective time.

Extreme star formation in the Milky Way: Luminosity distributions of young stellar objects in W49A and W51

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Eden, D. J.; Moore, T. J. T.; Urquhart, J. S.; Elia, D.; Plume, R.; König, C.; Baldeschi, A.; Schisano, E.; Rigby, A. J.; Morgan, L. K.; Thompson, M. A.

2018-03-01

We have compared the star-formation properties of the W49A and W51 regions by using far-infrared data from the Herschel infrared Galactic Plane Survey (Hi-GAL) and 850-μm observations from the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) to obtain luminosities and masses, respectively, of associated compact sources. The former are infrared luminosities from the catalogue of Elia et al. (2017), while the latter are from the JCMT Plane survey source catalogue as well as measurements from new data. The clump-mass distributions of the two regions are found to be consistent with each other, as are the clump-formation efficiency and star-formation efficiency analogues. However, the frequency distributions of the luminosities of the young stellar objects are significantly different. While the luminosity distribution in W51 is consistent with Galaxy-wide samples, that of W49A is top-heavy. The differences are not dramatic, and are concentrated in the central regions of W49A. However, they suggest that physical conditions there, which are comparable in part to those in extragalactic starbursts, are significantly affecting the star-formation properties or evolution of the dense clumps in the region.

Public-private partnerships in translational medicine: concepts and practical examples.

PubMed

Luijten, Peter R; van Dongen, Guus A M S; Moonen, Chrit T; Storm, Gert; Crommelin, Daan J A

2012-07-20

The way forward in multidisciplinary research according to former NIH's director Elias Zerhouni is to engage in predictive, personalized, preemptive and participatory medicine. For the creation of the optimal innovation climate that would allow for such a strategy, public-private partnerships have been widely proposed as an important instrument. Public-private partnerships have become an important instrument to expedite translational research in medicine. The Netherlands have initiated three large public-private partnerships in the life sciences and health area to facilitate the translation of valuable basic scientific concepts to new products and services in medicine. The focus of these partnerships has been on drug development, improved diagnosis and regenerative medicine. The Dutch model of public-private partnership forms the blueprint of a much larger European initiative called EATRIS. This paper will provide practical examples of public-private partnerships initiated to expedite the translation of new technology for drug development towards the clinic. Three specific technologies are in focus: companion diagnostics using nuclear medicine, the use of ultra high field MRI to generate sensitive surrogate endpoints based on endogenous contrast, and MRI guidance for High Intensity Focused Ultrasound mediated drug delivery. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Two-stage free electron laser research

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Segall, S. B.

1984-10-01

KMS Fusion, Inc. began studying the feasibility of two-stage free electron lasers for the Office of Naval Research in June, 1980. At that time, the two-stage FEL was only a concept that had been proposed by Luis Elias. The range of parameters over which such a laser could be successfully operated, attainable power output, and constraints on laser operation were not known. The primary reason for supporting this research at that time was that it had the potential for producing short-wavelength radiation using a relatively low voltage electron beam. One advantage of a low-voltage two-stage FEL would be that shielding requirements would be greatly reduced compared with single-stage short-wavelength FEL's. If the electron energy were kept below about 10 MeV, X-rays, generated by electrons striking the beam line wall, would not excite neutron resonance in atomic nuclei. These resonances cause the emission of neutrons with subsequent induced radioactivity. Therefore, above about 10 MeV, a meter or more of concrete shielding is required for the system, whereas below 10 MeV, a few millimeters of lead would be adequate.

Subglacial drainage effects on surface motion on a small surge type alpine glacier on the St. Elias range, Yukon Territory, Canada.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rada, C.; Schoof, C.; King, M. A.; Flowers, G. E.; Haber, E.

2017-12-01

Subglacial drainage is known to play an important role in glacier dynamics trough its influence on basal sliding. However, drainage is also one of the most poorly understood process in glacier flow due to the difficulties of observing, identifying and modeling the physics involved. In an effort to improve understanding of subglacial processes, we have monitored a small, approximately 100 m thick surge-type alpine glacier for nine years. Over 300 boreholes were instrumented with pressure transducers over a 0.5 km² in its upper ablation area, in addition to a weather station and a permanent GPS array consisting on 16 dual-frequency receivers within the study area. We study the influence of the subglacial drainage system on the glacier surface velocity. However, pressure variations in the drainage system during the melt season are dominated by diurnal oscillations.Therefore, GPS solutions have to be computed at sub-diurnal time intervals in order to explore the effects of transient diurnal pressure variations. Due to the small displacements of the surface of the glacier over those periods (4-10 cm/day), sub-diurnal solutions are dominated by errors, making it impossible to observe the diurnal variations in glacier motion. We have found that the main source of error is GPS multipath. This error source does largely cancel out when solutions are computed over 24 hour periods (or more precisely, over a sidereal day), but solution precisions decrease quickly when computed over shorter periods of time. Here we present an inverse problem approach to remove GPS multipath errors on glaciers, and use the reconstructed glacier motion to explore how the subglacial drainage morphology and effective pressure influence glacier dynamics at multiple time scales.

Spatial distribution of exhumation at the Yakutat plate corner and the role of glacial erosion, southeast Alaska/southwest Yukon

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Falkowski, S.; Enkelmann, E.; Ehlers, T. A.

2013-12-01

Our study investigates the spatial and temporal patterns of exhumation along the northernmost part of the transpressive Fairweather Fault in the St. Elias Mountains, southeast Alaska/southwest Yukon. The dextral Fairweather transform fault forms the eastern boundary between the obliquely colliding Yakutat Terrane and the North American Plate. The subduction-collision of the Yakutat Terrane created the St. Elias orogen, which became a prime example to study climate-tectonics interactions. For the past 5-6 myr glacial erosion and mountain building processes coevolved and seem to have become interdependent. We focus on the plate corner region, where the Fairweather Fault bends and tectonics transitions into convergence style. The plate corner is the region of the highest topography (up to 5959 m), extreme relief (up to 5000 m), high seismicity (M>7), and thick, extensive glacial systems (Seward/Bagley and Hubbard glaciers) that erode and transport sediment into the Pacific Ocean. A shortcoming of previous thermochronologic exhumation studies has been that bedrock sampling is restricted to high elevations due to the ice coverage. Using a detrital sampling approach discovered an area of recent, deep exhumation beneath the Seward Glacier by means of detrital zircon fission-track analyses (~3-2 Ma age populations, closure temperature of 250×40 °C). Throughout the rest of the mountains exhumation has been found to be rapid, too, but shallow, resulting in much older zircon cooling ages. To complement previous detrital studies, we collected 26 samples from modern glacio-fluvial sand deposits to gain a better spatial coverage for the cooling signals of the glaciated region of the northernmost Fairweather Fault and the plate corner region. To investigate the long-term exhumation history we conducted zircon fission-track analyses, which yielded 2718 new single grain ages that range between 0.2 Ma and 293 Ma. Each detrital sample contains three to five age populations with

Improved False Discovery Rate Estimation Procedure for Shotgun Proteomics.

PubMed

Keich, Uri; Kertesz-Farkas, Attila; Noble, William Stafford

2015-08-07

Interpreting the potentially vast number of hypotheses generated by a shotgun proteomics experiment requires a valid and accurate procedure for assigning statistical confidence estimates to identified tandem mass spectra. Despite the crucial role such procedures play in most high-throughput proteomics experiments, the scientific literature has not reached a consensus about the best confidence estimation methodology. In this work, we evaluate, using theoretical and empirical analysis, four previously proposed protocols for estimating the false discovery rate (FDR) associated with a set of identified tandem mass spectra: two variants of the target-decoy competition protocol (TDC) of Elias and Gygi and two variants of the separate target-decoy search protocol of Käll et al. Our analysis reveals significant biases in the two separate target-decoy search protocols. Moreover, the one TDC protocol that provides an unbiased FDR estimate among the target PSMs does so at the cost of forfeiting a random subset of high-scoring spectrum identifications. We therefore propose the mix-max procedure to provide unbiased, accurate FDR estimates in the presence of well-calibrated scores. The method avoids biases associated with the two separate target-decoy search protocols and also avoids the propensity for target-decoy competition to discard a random subset of high-scoring target identifications.

Identification of geostructures of continental crust, particularly as they relate to mineral resource evaluation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gryc, G. (Principal Investigator); Lathram, E. H.

1973-01-01

The author has identified the following significant results. The southeastward continuation of a fault that has been mapped in the vicinity of Dan Creek, Alaska, shows up as a lineament on ERTS-1 image 1043-20163 that can be traced for more than 50 miles southeastward to beyond the Alaska-Canada boundary. The lineament probably reflects a major fault that is significant in understanding the complicated tectonics of the Wrangell Mountains-Saint Elias Mountains complex. From a study of the ERTS-1 image, low level vertical photography, and limited field work in the largely unmapped region, E.M. Mackevett, Jr., speculates that the eastern part of the fault may mark the southern boundary of a mild-Paleozoic metamorphic terrane that constitutes the westernmost known extent of the Alexander terrane of Berg, Jones, and Richter (1972) and correlates with the Kaskawulsh Group in Canada. This terrane, which consists dominantly of marble, was recognized during 1972 reconnaissance mapping in the eastcentral part of the McCarthy quadrangle by MacKevett, D.L. Jones, and D.H. Richter and contrasts strongly with the dominantly volcanic and volcanoclastic terrane of Pennsylvanian and Permian age that forms the basement in most of the McCarthy quadrangle.

Creating Geoscience Leaders

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Buskop, J.; Buskop, W.

2013-12-01

The United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization recognizes 21 World Heritage in the United States, ten of which have astounding geological features: Wrangell St. Elias National Park, Olympic National Park, Mesa Verde National Park, Chaco Canyon, Glacier National Park, Carlsbad National Park, Mammoth Cave, Great Smokey Mountains National Park, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, and Everglades National Park. Created by a student frustrated with fellow students addicted to smart phones with an extreme lack of interest in the geosciences, one student visited each World Heritage site in the United States and created one e-book chapter per park. Each chapter was created with original photographs, and a geological discovery hunt to encourage teen involvement in preserving remarkable geological sites. Each chapter describes at least one way young adults can get involved with the geosciences, such a cave geology, glaciology, hydrology, and volcanology. The e-book describes one park per chapter, each chapter providing a geological discovery hunt, information on how to get involved with conservation of the parks, geological maps of the parks, parallels between archaeological and geological sites, and how to talk to a ranger. The young author is approaching UNESCO to publish the work as a free e-book to encourage involvement in UNESCO sites and to prove that the geosciences are fun.

Hepatic SILAC proteomic data from PANDER transgenic model.

PubMed

Athanason, Mark G; Stevens, Stanley M; Burkhardt, Brant R

2016-12-01

This article contains raw and processed data related to research published in "Quantitative Proteomic Profiling Reveals Hepatic Lipogenesis and Liver X Receptor Activation in the PANDER Transgenic Model" (M.G. Athanason, W.A. Ratliff, D. Chaput, C.B. MarElia, M.N. Kuehl, S.M., Jr. Stevens, B.R. Burkhardt (2016)) [1], and was generated by "spike-in" SILAC-based proteomic analysis of livers obtained from the PANcreatic-Derived factor (PANDER) transgenic mouse (PANTG) under various metabolic conditions [1]. The mass spectrometry output of the PANTG and wild-type B6SJLF mice liver tissue and resulting proteome search from MaxQuant 1.2.2.5 employing the Andromeda search algorithm against the UniprotKB reference database for Mus musculus has been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium (http://www.proteomexchange.org) via the PRIDE partner repository with dataset identifiers PRIDE: PXD004171 and doi:10.6019/PXD004171. Protein ratio values representing PANTG/wild-type obtained by MaxQuant analysis were input into the Perseus processing suite to determine statistical significance using the Significance A outlier test (p<0.05). Differentially expressed proteins using this approach were input into Ingenuity Pathway Analysis to determined altered pathways and upstream regulators that were altered in PANTG mice.

Improved False Discovery Rate Estimation Procedure for Shotgun Proteomics

PubMed Central

2016-01-01

Interpreting the potentially vast number of hypotheses generated by a shotgun proteomics experiment requires a valid and accurate procedure for assigning statistical confidence estimates to identified tandem mass spectra. Despite the crucial role such procedures play in most high-throughput proteomics experiments, the scientific literature has not reached a consensus about the best confidence estimation methodology. In this work, we evaluate, using theoretical and empirical analysis, four previously proposed protocols for estimating the false discovery rate (FDR) associated with a set of identified tandem mass spectra: two variants of the target-decoy competition protocol (TDC) of Elias and Gygi and two variants of the separate target-decoy search protocol of Käll et al. Our analysis reveals significant biases in the two separate target-decoy search protocols. Moreover, the one TDC protocol that provides an unbiased FDR estimate among the target PSMs does so at the cost of forfeiting a random subset of high-scoring spectrum identifications. We therefore propose the mix-max procedure to provide unbiased, accurate FDR estimates in the presence of well-calibrated scores. The method avoids biases associated with the two separate target-decoy search protocols and also avoids the propensity for target-decoy competition to discard a random subset of high-scoring target identifications. PMID:26152888

[The consolidation of memory, one century on].

PubMed

Prado-Alcala, R A; Quirarte, G L

The theory of memory consolidation, based on the work published by Georg Elias Muller and Alfons Pilzecker over a century ago, continues to guide research into the neurobiology of memory, either directly or indirectly. In their classic monographic work, they concluded that fixing memory requires the passage of time (consolidation) and that memory is vulnerable during this period of consolidation, as symptoms of amnesia appear when brain functioning is interfered with before the consolidation process is completed. Most of the experimental data concerning this phenomenon strongly support the theory. In this article we present a review of experiments that have made it possible to put forward a model that explains the amnesia produced in conventional learning conditions, as well as another model related to the protection of memory when the same instances of learning are submitted to a situation involving intensive training. Findings from relatively recent studies have shown that treatments that typically produce amnesia when they are administered immediately after a learning experience (during the period in which the memory would be consolidating itself) no longer have any effect when the instances of learning involve a relatively large number of trials or training sessions, or relatively high intensity aversive events. These results are not congruent with the prevailing theories about consolidation.

The source of display rules and their effects on primary health care professionals' well-being.

PubMed

Martínez-Iñigo, David; Totterdell, Peter; Alcover, Carlos Maria; Holman, David

2009-11-01

Employees' perceptions of the emotional requirements of their work role are considered a necessary antecedent of emotion work. The impact of these requirements on the emotions employees display, their well-being, and their clients' satisfaction has been explored in previous research. Emotional requirements have been characterized as organizationally-based expectations (e.g., Brotheridge & Lee, 2003), formal and informal organizational rules (e.g., Cropanzano, Weiss & Elias, 2004), occupational norms (e.g., Rafaeli & Sutton, 1987; Smith & Kleinman, 1989) and job-based demands (Brotheridge & Lee, 2002). Although all these definitions assume some kind of shared source for perceptions of emotional requirements, it remains unclear to what extent these different sources contribute and to what extent the requirements are shared by different units, teams and individuals in the organization. The present study analyses the perception of emotional requirements from a survey of ninety-seven Primary Health Care teams composed of general practitioners, nurses and administrative staff (N = 1057). The relative contribution of different sources of variance (team, organizational, and occupational) to perceived emotional requirements and the effects on employees' job satisfaction and well being are examined. Results confirm the relevance of the source and show the contribution of emotional demands to prediction of emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction levels.

Plate Margin Deformation and Active Tectonics Along the Northern Edge of the Yakutat Terrane in the Saint Elias Orogen, Alaska and Yukon, Canada

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bruhn, Ronald L.; Sauber, Jeanne; Cotton, Michele M.; Pavlis, Terry L.; Burgess, Evan; Ruppert, Natalia; Forster, Richard R.

2012-01-01

The northwest directed motion of the Pacific plate is accompanied by migration and collision of the Yakutat terrane into the cusp of southern Alaska. The nature and magnitude of accretion and translation on upper crustal faults and folds is poorly constrained, however, due to pervasive glaciation. In this study we used high-resolution topography, geodetic imaging, seismic, and geologic data to advance understanding of the transition from strike-slip motion on the Fairweather fault to plate margin deformation on the Bagley fault, which cuts through the upper plate of the collisional suture above the subduction megathrust. The Fairweather fault terminates by oblique-extensional splay faulting within a structural syntaxis, allowing rapid tectonic upwelling of rocks driven by thrust faulting and crustal contraction. Plate motion is partly transferred from the Fairweather to the Bagley fault, which extends 125 km farther west as a dextral shear zone that is partly reactivated by reverse faulting. The Bagley fault dips steeply through the upper plate to intersect the subduction megathrust at depth, forming a narrow fault-bounded crustal sliver in the obliquely convergent plate margin. Since . 20 Ma the Bagley fault has accommodated more than 50 km of dextral shearing and several kilometers of reverse motion along its southern flank during terrane accretion. The fault is considered capable of generating earthquakes because it is linked to faults that generated large historic earthquakes, suitably oriented for reactivation in the contemporary stress field, and locally marked by seismicity. The fault may generate earthquakes of Mw <= 7.5.

Allergic reactions to antithyroid drugs are associated with autoimmunity a retrospective case-control study.

PubMed

Chivu, R D; Chivu, Laura Ioana; Ion, Daniela Adriana; Barbu, Carmen; Fica, Simona

2006-01-01

Thiamazole is the most used antithyroid drug for thyrotoxicosis in Basedow-Graves' (BG) (autoimmune) disease and in toxic multinodular goitre (TMG) (non-autoimmune). This study aims to find whether allergic reactions to thiamazole occur more frequently during the treatment of BG than of TMG. Retrospective study, of 128 patients newly diagnosed and treated for thyrotoxicosis in the first 6 months of 2006, in the Endocrinology Department of "Elias" Hospital, Bucharest. Cases were all patients treated with thiamazole who developed allergic reactions. Controls were all patients treated with thiamazole without allergic reactions. Risk factor was considered to be the presence of BG. Cases group consisted of 6 patients. All 6 started treatment with thiamazole for BG, and developed allergic reactions after 2-4 weeks of treatment. When thiamazole was withdrawn, allergic symptoms ceased under antihistamines and steroids. In order to control the thyrotoxicosis, antihistamines and oral steroids was administered, together with thiamazole in slow increasing doses. After about 4 weeks under this combination, a tolerance to thiamazole seems to appear. Control group consisted of 122 patients who started thiamazole: 66 for BG and 56 for TMG (without allergic reactions). Allergy to thiamazole was significantly associated with the autoimmune BG, and not with TMG (p = 0.03, OR = 11.04). None of the patients with TMG developed allergic reactions to the drug. Tolerance to this drug may occur.

British Muslims and the UK government's 'war on terror' within: evidence of a clash of civilizations or emergent de-civilizing processes?

PubMed

Vertigans, Stephen

2010-03-01

In the immediate aftermath of the September 2001 attacks on America, defending civilization was quickly established at the core of the 'war on terror'. Unintentionally or otherwise this incorporation of civilization connected with Samuel Huntington's 'Clash of Civilizations' thesis. Within the 'war on terror' the dark side of counterterrorism has become apparent through international practices like extrajudicial killing, extraordinary rendition and torture. The impact of Western governments' policies upon their indigenous Muslim populations has also been problematic but social and political analysis has been relatively limited. This paper seeks to help address the scarcity of sociological contributions. Hidden costs of the UK government's attempts to utilize violence and enhance social constraints within the nation-state are identified. It is argued that although counterterrorism strategies are contributing to a self-fulfilling spiral of hatred that could be considered evidence in support of the 'Clash of Civilizations', the thesis is unhelpful when trying to grasp the underlying processes. Instead the paper draws upon Norbert Elias's application of the concepts of 'civilizing' and 'de-civilizing' to help improve levels of understanding about the processes and consequences of particular Muslim communities being targeted by security forces. The paper concludes with an exploration of the majority of the population's acquiescence and willingness to accept restraints upon Muslims in order to safeguard their own security.

Marine Debris Composition on Remote Alaskan National Park Shores

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pister, B.; Kunisch, E.; Polasek, L.; Bering, J.; Kim, S.; Neitlich, P.; Nicolato, K.

2016-02-01

Marine debris is a pervasive problem along coastlines around the world. The National Park Service manages approximately 3500 miles of shoreline in Alaska's national park units combined. Most of these shores are remote, difficult and expensive to access. In 2011 the Tohoku earthquake hit Japan and generated a devastating tsunami that washed an estimated 150 million tons of debris out to sea. Much of the debris washed ashore in Alaska. The tsunami brought new attention to the long standing problem of marine debris. In 2015 the National Park Service mounted a two pronged effort to remove as much debris as possible from the shores of five park units in Alaska, and initiate education programs about the issue. Almost 11,000 kg of debris were removed from the shores of: Wrangell-St. Elias National Park, Kenai Fjords National Park, Katmai National Park, Bering Land Bridge National Preserve and Cape Krusenstern National Monument. Approximately 58% of the debris was plastic. Although much of the debris resembled items expected as a result of the tsunami, a great percentage of the debris was clearly from other sources, such as fishing and shipping. Preliminary analysis suggests that debris composition varied significantly between parks, possibly from locally-derived sources. This can influence how the National Park Service creates educational outreach programs that focus on marine debris prevention exercises.

Human Gait and Postural Control after Unilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty

PubMed Central

STAN, Gabriel; ORBAN, Horia

2014-01-01

Introduction: This study assesses the changes in human gait in the early postoperative phase of unilateral TKA, by evaluating the variability of free moment. Materials and method: The study group consisted of 10 patients from the Orthopedic Department of the 'Elias' University Hospital in Bucharest who undergone unilateral knee arthroplasty with the same type of posterior cruciate ligament substituting prosthesis. For the evaluation of free moment an AMTI AccuGait force platform was used. Results: Regarding the free moment peaks, for the operated and non-operated limb, increased significantly (p <0.05) in the postoperative period. The stance time was higher post-surgery for both limbs. Discussion: In the early postoperative phase of unilateral TKA, free moment is higher on both the operated and the non-operated limbs, which means that the knees are subjected to higher torques. Shortly after TKA, patients tend to walk with lower speed, with small steps and reduced cadence. Stance time differences between the operated and the non-operated limbs can lead to overuse of the latter, worsening its condition. Conclusions: It is highly important to adopt a well-managed rehabilitation program in order to increase walking stability. The cost effectiveness of this procedure could be highly dependent on the rehab program. The parameters studied in this article are useful in assessing the rehabilitation protocol. PMID:25705305

Calculated Properties of Fully Hydrogenated Single Layers of BN, BC2N, and Graphene: Graphane and Its BN-Containing Analogues

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Averill, Frank; Morris, James R; Cooper, Valentino R

2009-01-01

Carbon is an attractive material for hydrogen adsorption, due to its light weight, variety of structures, and ability to both physisorb and chemisorb hydrogen. Recently, fully hydrogenated graphene layers ( graphane ) have been predicted to exist [J.O. Sofo et al., Phys. Rev. B 75, 15340 (2007)], and experimentally observed [D.C. Elias et al., Science 323, 610 (2009)]. In this work, we examine analogues of graphane, in particular BNH2 and BC2NH4. Unlike graphene, these materials have a band gap without hydrogenation. Our results indicate that the hydrogenation product of BN is metastable: the fully hydrogenated compound BNH2 is higher inmore » energy than hexagonal BN sheets plus H2 molecules, in sharp contrast with graphane. We find that BC2NH4 is energetically very close to hexagonal BC2N+2H2 molecules. Furthermore our examination of the relative binding strengths of rows of symmetry related hydrogen atoms on BC2NH4shows that this compound is marginally higher in energy than BC2NH2 plus an H2 molecule, with the hydrogen atoms in BC2NH2 absorbed on the carbon sites. These remaining hydrogen atoms are not as strongly bound as in graphane, indicating that the average hydrogen chemisorption energy is controllable by changing the carbon content in the B-C-N layer.« less

Global perspective of nitrate flux in ice cores

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yang, O.; Mayewski, P.A.; Whitlow, S.

1995-03-20

The relationships between the concentration and the flux of chemical species (Cl{sup {minus}}, NO{sub 3}{sup {minus}}, SO{sub 4}{sup 2{minus}}, Na{sup +}, K{sup +}, NH{sub 4}{sup +}, Mg{sub 2+}, Ca{sup 2+}) versus snow accumulation rate were examined at GISP2 and 20D in Greenland, Mount Logan from the St. Elias Range, Yukon Territory, Canada, and Sentik Glacier from the northwest end of the Zanskar Range in the Indian Himalayas. At all sites, only nitrate flux is significantly ({alpha}=0.05) related to snow accumulation rate. Of all the chemical series, only nitrate concentration data are normally distributed. Therefore the authors suggest that nitrate concentrationmore » in snow is affected by postdepositional exchange with the atmosphere over a broad range of environmental conditions. The persistant summer maxima in nitrate observed in Greenland snow over the entire range of record studied (the last 800 years) may be mainly due to NO{sub x} released from peroxyacetyl nitrate by thermal decomposition in the presence of higher OH concentrations in summer. The late winter/early spring nitrate peak observed in modern Greenland snow may be related to the buildup of anthropogenically derived NO{sub y} in the Arctic troposphere during the long polar winter. 58 refs., 3 figs., 4 tabs.« less

Improving Genomic Prediction in Cassava Field Experiments Using Spatial Analysis.

PubMed

Elias, Ani A; Rabbi, Ismail; Kulakow, Peter; Jannink, Jean-Luc

2018-01-04

Cassava ( Manihot esculenta Crantz) is an important staple food in sub-Saharan Africa. Breeding experiments were conducted at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture in cassava to select elite parents. Taking into account the heterogeneity in the field while evaluating these trials can increase the accuracy in estimation of breeding values. We used an exploratory approach using the parametric spatial kernels Power, Spherical, and Gaussian to determine the best kernel for a given scenario. The spatial kernel was fit simultaneously with a genomic kernel in a genomic selection model. Predictability of these models was tested through a 10-fold cross-validation method repeated five times. The best model was chosen as the one with the lowest prediction root mean squared error compared to that of the base model having no spatial kernel. Results from our real and simulated data studies indicated that predictability can be increased by accounting for spatial variation irrespective of the heritability of the trait. In real data scenarios we observed that the accuracy can be increased by a median value of 3.4%. Through simulations, we showed that a 21% increase in accuracy can be achieved. We also found that Range (row) directional spatial kernels, mostly Gaussian, explained the spatial variance in 71% of the scenarios when spatial correlation was significant. Copyright © 2018 Elias et al.

Interspecies and interregional comparisons of the chemistry of PAHs and trace elements in mosses Hylocomium splendens (Hedw.) B.S.G. and Pleurozium schreberi (Brid.) Mitt. from Poland and Alaska

USGS Publications Warehouse

Migaszewski, Z.M.; Galuszka, A.; Crock, J.G.; Lamothe, P.J.; Dolegowska, S.

2009-01-01

Comparative biogeochemical studies performed on the same plant species in remote areas enable pinpointing interspecies and interregional differences of chemical composition. This report presents baseline concentrations of PAHs and trace elements in moss species Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi from the Holy Cross Mountains (south-central Poland) (HCM) and Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve (Alaska) and Denali National Park and Preserve (Alaska). Total PAH concentrations in the mosses of HCM were in the range of 473-2970 ??g kg-1 (dry weight basis; DW), whereas those in the same species of Alaska were 80-3390 ??g kg-1 DW. Nearly all the moss samples displayed the similar ring sequence: 3 > 4 > 5 > 6 for the PAHs. The 3 + 4 ring/total PAH ratios show statistically significant differences between HCM (0.73) and Alaska (0.91). The elevated concentrations of PAHs observed in some sampling locations of the Alaskan parks were linked to local combustion of wood, with a component of vehicle particle- and vapor-phase emissions. In HCM, the principal source of PAH emissions has been linked to residential and industrial combustion of coal and vehicle traffic. In contrast to HCM, the Alaskan mosses were distinctly elevated in most of the trace elements, bearing a signature of??the underlying geology. H.??splendens and P. schreberi showed diverse bioaccumulative capabilities of PAHs in all three study areas. ?? 2008 Elsevier Ltd.

Studies of Bagley Icefield during surge and Black Rapids Glacier, Alaska, using spaceborne SAR interferometry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fatland, Dennis Robert

1998-12-01

This thesis presents studies of two temperate valley glaciers---Bering Glacier in the Chugach-St.Elias Mountains, South Central Alaska, and Black Rapids Glacier in the Alaska Range, Interior Alaska---using differential spaceborne radar interferometry. The first study was centered on the 1993--95 surge of Bering Glacier and the resultant ice dynamics on its accumulation area, the Bagley Icefield. The second study site was chosen for purposes of comparison of the interferometry results with conventional field measurements, particularly camera survey data and airborne laser altimetry. A comprehensive suite of software was written to interferometrically process synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data in order to derive estimates of surface elevation and surface velocity on these subject glaciers. In addition to these results, the data revealed unexpected but fairly common concentric rings called 'phase bull's-eyes', image features typically 0.5 to 4 km in diameter located over the central part of various glaciers. These bull's-eyes led to a hypothetical model in which they were interpreted to indicate transitory instances of high subglacial water pressure that locally lift the glacier from its bed by several centimeters. This model is associated with previous findings about the nature of glacier bed hydrology and glacier surging. In addition to the dynamical analysis presented herein, this work is submitted as a contribution to the ongoing development of spaceborne radar interferometry as a glaciological tool.

Central Alaska Network vital signs monitoring plan

USGS Publications Warehouse

MacCluskie, Margaret C.; Oakley, Karen L.; McDonald, Trent; Wilder, Doug

2005-01-01

Denali National Park and Preserve, Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve, and Yukon-Charley Rivers National Preserve have been organized into the Central Alaska Network (CAKN) for the purposes of carrying out ecological monitoring activities under the National Park Services’ Vital Signs Monitoring program. The Phase III Report is the initial draft of the Vital Signs Monitoring Plan for the Central Alaska Network. It includes updated material from the Phase I and II documents. This report, and draft protocols for 11 of the network’s Vital Signs, were peer reviewed early in 2005. Review comments were incorporated into the document bringing the network to the final stage of having a Vital Signs Monitoring Plan. Implementation of the program will formally begin in FY 2006. The broad goals of the CAKN monitoring program are to: (1) better understand the dynamic nature and condition of park ecosystems; and (2) provide reference points for comparisons with other, altered environments. The focus of the CAKN program will be to monitor ecosystems in order to detect change in ecological components and in the relationships among the components. Water quality monitoring is fully integrated within the CAKN monitoring program. A monitoring program for lentic (non-moving water) has been determined, and the program for lotic systems (moving water) is under development.

Contributions of Contingencies in Modern Societies to “Privacy” in the Behavioral Relations of Cognition and Emotion

PubMed Central

Tourinho, Emmanuel Zagury; Borba, Aécio; Vichi, Christian; Leite, Felipe Lustosa

2011-01-01

The aim of this paper is to examine specific features of modern individualistic societies that contribute to “emotions” and “cognitions” becoming a matter of privacy. Although some behavior analysts identify emotions and cognitions as “private events,” we argue with Skinner (1945) that cognitions and emotions are relations among events and that their origin is in public events in the contingencies of reinforcement maintained by other people. Guided by Elias (1939/1996), we suggest that the shift from feudal economies to market economies involved the increasing individualization of society's members. This individualizing process includes the socially maintained contingencies that bring some verbal responses under control of private stimulation and reduce the magnitude of some verbal responses to a covert level. Behavioral relations in which either stimuli or responses (or both) cannot be observed by others set the stage for a concept of “privacy.” Changes in societal contingencies that gave rise to individualization and the attribution of privacy to cognitions and emotions are suggested to include the following: (a) increasing frequency of individual consequences that have no apparent or direct relevance to the group; (b) increasing numbers of concurrent contingencies and choice requirements; (c) conflicts between immediate and delayed consequences for the individual; and (d) conflicts between consequences for the individual and for the group. PMID:22532738

[The history of nursing development in the Republic of China].

PubMed

Liu, Chung-Tung

2006-06-01

Modern nursing was introduced into China (and Taiwan) as part of the general Westernization of Chinese culture. It was accepted in its Western and modern form along with medicine as a part of China's modernization. Looking after the sick, one of the basic functions of any society, has traditionally been performed by women. Such basic social function cannot be ignored. Therefore, at the beginning of this paper, the traditional healing and caring systems in China prior to the influence of the West are examined. The second part of this paper shows that the strategy of nineteenth century reformers and later leaders from England and America was incorporated into modern Chinese nursing. Also, patriotic feelings opposed to imperialism and indignation over the Sino-Japanese War benefited the growth of domestic nursing. The last part of this paper examines recent developments and the current status of nursing in Taiwan. Overall, the more than a century of modern nursing history in the R.O.C. is infused with a complex mixture of cultural borrowing from the West, anti-imperialist experience, colonialist influences, and ethical and gender issues. The study methodology adopted for this essay follows that used by Robert Elias. Both the synchronic social context and diachronic historical processes are considered in order to illuminate and highlight the critical events that shaped the history of nursing in the ROC. Due to the researcher's personal academic background and interest, sociological and feminist perspectives were taken while investigating and analyzing materials.

TerraHertz Free Electron Laser Applications for Satellite Remote Sensing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Heaps, William S.

2003-01-01

The development of a Free Electron Laser (EL) operating in the terahertz frequency regime by the group at the University of Hawaii (Elias et al.) represents a significant new opportunity in the area of atmospheric remote sensing. The FEL has 2 salient features that create a unique opportunity. First of all it represents the only source in this frequency range with sufficient power to enable lidar instrumentation. Secondly its very high electrical efficiency (several times more efficient than any currently employed spaceborne laser) renders it a strong candidate for use in satellite remote sensing. On the negative side the atmosphere is rather strongly absorbing throughout this frequency range due primarily to the water vapor continuum absorption. This means that the instruments using this laser will not be able to access the lower troposphere because of its very high water concentration.. However the instrument will be very capable of measurements in the upper troposphere and stratosphere. A passive instrument, the Microwave Limb Sounder on the UARS satellite operated by Jet Propulsion Laboratory, has already demonstrated that this wavelength region can be used for chemical species with strong emission lines. A lidar would complement the capabilities of this instrument by providing the capability to measure absorbing species in the upper atmosphere. I will discuss the design of such an instrument in greater detail and estimate its performance in measuring a number of chemical species of interest to the Earth Science community.

Chemical characterization of fog and rain water collected at the eastern Andes cordillera

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Beiderwieden, E.; Wrzesinsky, T.; Klemm, O.

2005-06-01

During a three month period in 2003 and 2004, the chemistry of fog and rainwater were studied at the "El Tiro" site in a tropical mountain forest ecosystem in Ecuador, South America. The fogwater samples were collected using a passive fog collector, and for the rain water, a standard rain sampler was employed. For all samples, electric conductivity, pH, and the concentrations of NH4+, K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, NO3-, PO43-, and SO42-, were measured. For each fog sample, a 5 day back trajectory was calculated by the use of the HYSPLIT model. Two types of trajectories occurred. One type was characterized by advection of air masses from the East over the Amazonian basin, the other trajectory arrived one from the West after significant travel time over the Pacific Ocean. We found considerably higher ion concentrations in fogwater samples than in rain samples. Median pH values are 4.58 for fog water, and 5.26 for the rain samples, respectively. The median electric conductivity was 23 µS cm-1 for the fog and 6 µS cm-1 for the rain. The concentrations of all analysed ions were relatively low compared to other mountainous sites (Weathers et al., 1988; Elias et al., 1995; Schemenauer et al., 1995; Wrzesinsky and Klemm, 2000; Zimmermann and Zimmermann, 2002). The continent samples exhibit higher concentrations of most ions as compared to the pacific samples.

A Decade of Shear-Wave Splitting Observations in Alaska

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bellesiles, A. K.; Christensen, D. H.; Abers, G. A.; Hansen, R. A.; Pavlis, G. L.; Song, X.

2010-12-01

Over the last decade four PASSCAL experiments have been conducted in different regions of Alaska. ARCTIC, BEAAR and MOOS form a north-south transect across the state, from the Arctic Ocean to Price Williams Sound, while the STEEP experiment is currently deployed to the east of that line in the St Elias Mountains of Southeastern Alaska. Shear-wave splitting observations from these networks in addition to several permanent stations of the Alaska Earthquake Information Center were determined in an attempt to understand mantle flow under Alaska in a variety of different geologic settings. Results show two dominant splitting patterns in Alaska, separated by the subducted Pacific Plate. North of the subducted Pacific Plate fast directions are parallel to the trench (along strike of the subducted Pacific Plate) indicating large scale mantle flow in the northeast-southwest direction with higher anisotropy (splitting times) within the mantle wedge. Within or below the Pacific Plate fast directions are normal to the trench in the direction of Pacific Plate convergence. In addition to these two prominent splitting patterns there are several regions that do not match either of these trends. These more complex regions which include the results from STEEP could be due to several factors including effects from the edge of the Pacific Plate. The increase of station coverage that Earthscope will bring to Alaska will aid in developing a more complete model for anisotropy and mantle flow in Alaska.

Role of lipids in the formation and maintenance of the cutaneous permeability barrier.

PubMed

Feingold, Kenneth R; Elias, Peter M

2014-03-01

The major function of the skin is to form a barrier between the internal milieu and the hostile external environment. A permeability barrier that prevents the loss of water and electrolytes is essential for life on land. The permeability barrier is mediated primarily by lipid enriched lamellar membranes that are localized to the extracellular spaces of the stratum corneum. These lipid enriched membranes have a unique structure and contain approximately 50% ceramides, 25% cholesterol, and 15% free fatty acids with very little phospholipid. Lamellar bodies, which are formed during the differentiation of keratinocytes, play a key role in delivering the lipids from the stratum granulosum cells into the extracellular spaces of the stratum corneum. Lamellar bodies contain predominantly glucosylceramides, phospholipids, and cholesterol and following the exocytosis of lamellar lipids into the extracellular space of the stratum corneum these precursor lipids are converted by beta glucocerebrosidase and phospholipases into the ceramides and fatty acids, which comprise the lamellar membranes. The lipids required for lamellar body formation are derived from de novo synthesis by keratinocytes and from extra-cutaneous sources. The lipid synthetic pathways and the regulation of these pathways are described in this review. In addition, the pathways for the uptake of extra-cutaneous lipids into keratinocytes are discussed. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled The Important Role of Lipids in the Epidermis and their Role in the Formation and Maintenance of the Cutaneous Barrier. Guest Editors: Kenneth R. Feingold and Peter Elias. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Analysis of Regionally Detected Icequakes Using the STEEP Network, South-Central AK

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

O'Neel, S.; Leblanc, L.; Larsen, C.; Truffer, M.; Hansen, R.; Rupert, N.; Pavlis, G.; None, N.

2007-12-01

Glaciers produce seismic energy that is detectable from local to teleseismic distances. Glaciolgical processes including calving, surface crevassing, basal sliding and other, yet unresolved source processes are capable of producing recordable seismicity. Twenty-two broadband sensors deployed in south-central Alaska during the SainT Elias TEctonics and Erosion Project (STEEP) provide an excellent means to study glacier-generated seismicity at regional distances. These instruments surround over 7500 km2 of glacier area including the Bering Glacier, Bagley Icefield and the tidewater calving glaciers of Icy Bay (Yahtse, Guyot, Tyndal). Our analysis shows that icequakes nominally occur several times hourly, and can be separated from tectonic seismicity using their unique spectral characteristics and hypocenter locations. The events typically propagate over 50-75 km distances, but occasionally are recorded at stations over 150 km away from the energy source. Hypocenters for more than 1000 events were manually calculated through a 26-day interval during October 2006, and suggest that a majority of the icequakes are associated with calving at tidewater glaciers that terminate in Icy Bay. Events with similar time and frequency domain characteristics also occur at locations away from calving fronts, but less often, and their mechanical origin remains undetermined. Automated detections from a frequency domain event detector exhibit strong correlation with the handpicked time series, and extend our analysis to all available data collected during 2006. We present the time distribution of several categories of icequakes and compare these distributions to environmental variables such as precipitation, temperature and tides to explore potential forcing for observed variability in icequake occurrence.

3D Thermal/Mechanical Evolution Of The Plate Boundary Corner In SE Alaska

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Barker, A.; Koons, P.; Upton, P.; Pavlis, T.; Chapman, J.

2007-12-01

The St Elias orogen of southeast Alaska forms part of an actively deforming plate boundary corner. The corner accommodates the transition from a strike-slip lateral boundary to a convergent normal boundary. Oblique convergence of the Yakutat microplate into the corner generates early stage tectonic characteristics associated with other corner systems (e.g. Himalayan Eastern Syntaxis). In combination with the high relief, the extreme erosive processes of the region redistribute crustal material, partition tectonic strain, and influence the advection of deep crustal material. The evolution of the convergent corner is investigated using 3D numerical models and sandbox analog models. Preliminary model results indicate the deformation partitions into a narrow two-sided orogen along the lateral boundary. The pattern transitions into a wider zone of shortening bounded by inboard and outboard directed thrusts along the frontal boundary. The inclusion of erosion boundary conditions leads to nascent tectonic aneurysm behavior, involving increased strain localization and focused vertical advection of deep crustal material. Thermal models, using the 3D velocity field from these mechanical solutions, show a vertical deflection (towards the surface) of isotherms beneath the eroding region. Sensitivity of the aneurysm behavior is related to the efficiency of the imposed erosion rate (i.e. greater erosion rates led to greater bedrock uplift rates). Higher erosion rates are localized within zones containing major glacier systems in SE Alaska: Bering Glacier, Bagley Icefield, Malaspina Glacier, and Seward Glacier. Combined thermal/mechanical solutions identify the glacier valleys as rheological weakspots, defined by localized strain and differential advection of deep crustal material.

Simultaneous observations of ice motion, calving and seismicity on the Yahtse Glacier, Alaska. (Invited)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Larsen, C. F.; Bartholomaus, T. C.; O'Neel, S.; West, M. E.

2010-12-01

We observe ice motion, calving and seismicity simultaneously and with high-resolution on an advancing tidewater glacier in Icy Bay, Alaska. Icy Bay’s tidewater glaciers dominate regional glacier-generated seismicity in Alaska. Yahtse emanates from the St. Elias Range near the Bering-Bagley-Seward-Malaspina Icefield system, the most extensive glacier cover outside the polar regions. Rapid rates of change and fast flow (>16 m/d near the terminus) at Yahtse Glacier provide a direct analog to the disintegrating outlet systems in Greenland. Our field experiment co-locates GPS and seismometers on the surface of the glacier, with a greater network of bedrock seismometers surrounding the glacier. Time-lapse photogrammetry, fjord wave height sensors, and optical survey methods monitor iceberg calving and ice velocity near the terminus. This suite of geophysical instrumentation enables us to characterize glacier motion and geometry changes while concurrently listening for seismic energy release. We are performing a close examination of calving as a seismic source, and the associated mechanisms of energy transfer to seismic waves. Detailed observations of ice motion (GPS and optical surveying), glacier geometry and iceberg calving (direct observations and timelapse photogrammetry) have been made in concert with a passive seismic network. Combined, the observations form the basis of a rigorous analysis exploring the relationship between glacier-generated seismic events and motion, glacier-fiord interactions, calving and hydraulics. Our work is designed to demonstrate the applicability and utility of seismology to study the impact of climate forcing on calving glaciers.

Cenozoic tectono-thermal history of the Tordrillo Mountains, Alaska: Paleocene-Eocene ridge subduction, decreasing relief, and late Neogene faulting

USGS Publications Warehouse

Benowitz, Jeff A.; Haeussler, Peter J.; Layer, Paul W.; O'Sullivan, Paul B.; Wallace, Wes K.; Gillis, Robert J.

2012-01-01

Topographic development inboard of the continental margin is a predicted response to ridge subduction. New thermochronology results from the western Alaska Range document ridge subduction related orogenesis. K-feldspar thermochronology (KFAT) of bedrock samples from the Tordrillo Mountains in the western Alaska Range complement existing U-Pb, 40Ar/39Ar and AFT (apatite fission track) data to provide constraints on Paleocene pluton emplacement, and cooling as well as Late Eocene to Miocene vertical movements and exhumation along fault-bounded blocks. Based on the KFAT analysis we infer rapid exhumation-related cooling during the Eocene in the Tordrillo Mountains. Our KFAT cooling ages are coeval with deposition of clastic sediments in the Cook Inlet, Matanuska Valley and Tanana basins, which reflect high-energy depositional environments. The Tordrillo Mountains KFAT cooling ages are also the same as cooling ages in the Iliamna Lake region, the Kichatna Mountains of the western Alaska Range, and Mt. Logan in the Wrangell-St. Elias Mountains, thus rapid cooling at this time encompasses a broad region inboard of, and parallel to, the continental margin extending for several hundred kilometers. We infer these cooling events and deposition of clastic rocks are related to thermal effects that track the eastward passage of a slab window in Paleocene-Eocene time related to the subduction of the proposed Resurrection-Kula spreading ridge. In addition, we conclude that the reconstructed KFATmax negative age-elevation relationship is likely related to a long period of decreasing relief in the Tordrillo Mountains.

Results from a 64-pixel PIN-diode detector system for low-energy beta-electrons

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wuestling, Sascha; Fraenkle, F.; Habermehl, F.; Renschler, P.; Steidl, M.

2010-12-01

The KATRIN neutrino mass experiment is based on a precise energy measurement (Δ E/ E=5×10 -5) of electrons emerging from tritium beta decay ( Emax=18.6 keV). This is done by a large electrostatic retarding spectrometer (MAC-E Filter), which is followed by an electron detector. Key requirements for this detector are a large sensitive area (˜80 cm 2), a certain energy resolution (Δ E=600 eV @ 18.6 keV) but also a certain spatial resolution (˜3 mm), which leads to a multi-pixel design. As a tentative design on the way to the final detector, but also for operational service on the so-called pre-spectrometer experiment, a detector system with a reduced size (16 cm 2) and a reduced pixel number (64), making use of a monolithic segmented silicon PIN diode, was designed and built. While the design and very first measurements have been presented in Wuestling et al. [6], this publication shows the operational performance of the detector system. The robust concept of the electronics allowed adaptation to mechanically different experimental setups. The spacial resolution of the detector system proved to be essential in examining Penning trap induced background and other effects in the pre-spectrometer experiment. The detector performance test runs include energy resolution and calibration, background rates, correlation between pixels (crosstalk), spatially resolved rate analysis, and a dead-layer measurement [7]. The detector allows for background searches with a sensitivity as low as 1.3×10 -3 cps/cm 2 in the energy range of 20 keV. This allows the pre-spectrometer to be characterized with e-gun illumination with a signal to background ratio of better than 10 5 and the search for ultra low Penning discharge emissions.

Constraining recent lead pollution sources in the North Pacific using ice core stable lead isotopes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kreutz, K. J.; Osterberg, E. C.; Gross, B.; Handley, M.; Wake, C. P.; Yalcin, K.

2009-12-01

Trends and sources of lead aerosol pollution in the North Pacific boundary layer from 1970-2001 are investigated using a high-resolution ice core record recovered from Eclipse Icefield (3017 masl; St. Elias Mountains, Canada). Average Pb concentrations in the ice core are enriched 31.8 times above crustal values based on ratios with five crustal reference elements (La, Ce, Pr, Al and Ti), indicating that >90% of the Pb deposited is anthropogenic. Isotopic analyses (208Pb/207Pb and 206Pb/207Pb) confirm that the Pb deposited at Eclipse Icefield is predominantly anthropogenic. Annually averaged Pb concentrations range from 25.6 ng/l to 96.7 ng/l (67.6 ng/l mean) and show no long term trend for the 1970-2001 period, contrary to other ice core records from the North Atlantic and the North Pacific. The stable Pb isotope ratio (208Pb/207Pb and 206Pb/207Pb) field indicates that recent Eclipse Icefield Pb pollution represents a variable mixture of North American, Central Eurasian and Asian (Chinese and Japanese) emissions transported across the Pacific basin, with Chinese coal combustion likely being the primary source. Increasing 208Pb/207Pb and 206Pb/207Pb ratios from the 1970’s through 2001 reflect the progressive East Asian industrialization concurrent with a decrease in Eurasian Pb emissions. We compare Pb isotope results from the Eclipse Icefield to data recently acquired from Denali National Park, where snowpit samples were collected from the Kahiltna Pass region (3048 masl). Pb isotope data from both sites are used to evaluate the relative importance of Asian emissions at similar altitudes yet different latitudes.

Planet-driven Spiral Arms in Protoplanetary Disks. II. Implications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bae, Jaehan; Zhu, Zhaohuan

2018-06-01

We examine whether various characteristics of planet-driven spiral arms can be used to constrain the masses of unseen planets and their positions within their disks. By carrying out two-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations varying planet mass and disk gas temperature, we find that a larger number of spiral arms form with a smaller planet mass and a lower disk temperature. A planet excites two or more spiral arms interior to its orbit for a range of disk temperatures characterized by the disk aspect ratio 0.04≤slant {(h/r)}p≤slant 0.15, whereas exterior to a planet’s orbit multiple spiral arms can form only in cold disks with {(h/r)}p≲ 0.06. Constraining the planet mass with the pitch angle of spiral arms requires accurate disk temperature measurements that might be challenging even with ALMA. However, the property that the pitch angle of planet-driven spiral arms decreases away from the planet can be a powerful diagnostic to determine whether the planet is located interior or exterior to the observed spirals. The arm-to-arm separations increase as a function of planet mass, consistent with previous studies; however, the exact slope depends on disk temperature as well as the radial location where the arm-to-arm separations are measured. We apply these diagnostics to the spiral arms seen in MWC 758 and Elias 2–27. As shown in Bae et al., planet-driven spiral arms can create concentric rings and gaps, which can produce a more dominant observable signature than spiral arms under certain circumstances. We discuss the observability of planet-driven spiral arms versus rings and gaps.

Canadian Seismicity Catalogue - Western Canada

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mulder, T.

2003-04-01

The first seismograph station in western Canada was installed in Victoria, BC, in 1898, under the Meteorological Service of Canada. By 1940, seismograph installations in Canada were amalgamated under the Dominion Observatory. The first short-period instruments were installed in western Canada in the early 1950's. The first digital instruments were installed in the mid-1970's. To date there are now 54 digital stations in western Canada that are routinely used in analysis as well as 2 paper-record stations. Detection ability has increased significantly over the past 20 years. Magnitude thresholds for locations vary over space and time reflecting seismicity levels, station distribution, and staffing levels. Currently the magnitude thresholds are (these do not necessarily equate to completeness levels): M=2.5-3.0 for western Canada; M=2.0 in the St Elias Mountains, YT, the northern Coast Mountains, BC, most of southern BC, and southwestern Alberta; M=1.0-1.5 in the Queen Charlotte Islands, southern Coast Mountains, and northern Vancouver Island; M=0.7-0.8 in southern Vancouver Island and the adjacent mainland. Events have been located with a variety of location programs over the years. A number of velocity models have been in use over time, currently resulting in a generic model for all of western Canada, and a model each for offshore, the Queen Charlotte Islands, and Vancouver Island. Recently purchased Antelope software will allow improved ability to maintain and possibly extend current magnitude thresholds as much of the daily analyst housekeeping tasks are decreased. Recent additions to the catalogue are regular computation of P-nodal and moment tensor solutions.

[Leopoldina insights. The "Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher" around 1750 as reflected in its correspondence].

PubMed

Schnalke, Thomas

2003-01-01

The 18th century was the 'Golden Age' of scientific academies and learned societies. The oldest national medical academy still in existence, the "Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher" (Leopoldina), founded in 1652 in Schweinfurt as a private society, underwent steady growth after becoming an imperial institution with substantial privileges over the course of several decades. However, in comparison with other renowned academies in Europe, e.g. the English Royal Society or the French Académie des Sciences, it never gained a similar status due to the fact that its members lived far apart from each other and the seat of the academy was transferred to the residence of each new president, thus prohibiting the development of a geographical center. This paper focuses on the analysis of the central dialogue within the Leopoldina around 1750, the correspondence between the 6th president Andreas Elias Büchner (1701-1769), in Halle and the editor of the Leopoldina journal , the 13th Director Ephemeridum, Christoph Jacob Trew, in Nuremberg. Glancing at the four main topics of their long distance conversation - publishing the journal then called the '(Nova) Acta physico-medica', searching for new scientifically active members, improring the corporate identity amongst the Leopoldina members, enlarging the academy's library - it becomes clear that the Leopoldina profited greatly from the strong axis between Büchner and Trew. Their correspondence formed the center of a wide-spread network of letters through which the Leopoldina raised an active voice in the respublica litteraria, playing down Baroque curiosity and favoring a strong interest in rare and useful observations. Communication, interdisciplinarity and expertise formed the essential features of the Leopoldina's participation in the European natural scientific discourse.

Pre-"peak water" time in the southwest Yukon: when cryospheric changes trigger hydrological regime shifts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Baraer, M.; Chesnokova, A.; Huh, K. I.; Laperriere-Robillard, T.

2017-12-01

Saint-Elias Mountains host numerous cryospheric systems such as glaciers, seasonal and perennial snow cover, permafrost, aufeis, and different forms of buried ice. Those systems are very sensitive to climate changes and exhibit ongoing reduction in extent and/or changes in formation/ablation times. Because they highly influence the hydrological regimes of rivers, cryospheric changes raise concerns about consequences for regional water resources and ecosystems. The present study combines historical data analysis and hydrological modeling in order to estimate how cryospheric changes impact hydrological regimes at eight watersheds of different glacier cover (0- 30%) in the southwest Yukon. Methods combine traditional hydrograph analysis techniques and more advance techniques such as Fast Fourier Transform filters used to isolate significant trends in discharge properties from noise or climatic oscillations. Measured trends in discharge variables are connected to cryospheric changes by using a water balance / peak water model (Baraer et al., 2012), here adapted to the main cryospheric systems that characterize the southwest Yukon.Results show three distinct hydrological regimes for (1) non glacierized, (2) glacierized, and (3) major lakes hosting catchments. The studied glacierized catchments have not passed the "peak water" yet and still exhibit increases in yearly and late summer discharges and a decrease in runoff variability. All watersheds show an increase in winter discharge and a snowmelt-driven shift of yearly peak discharge toward earlier in the season. The study suggests that, in a couple of decades, water resources and dependent ecosystems will face the combined effects of (A) a shift in the contribution trend from declining perennial cryospheric systems and (B) continuing alteration of the contribution from the seasonal cryospheric systems.

Improving Genomic Prediction in Cassava Field Experiments by Accounting for Interplot Competition.

PubMed

Elias, Ani A; Rabbi, Ismail; Kulakow, Peter; Jannink, Jean-Luc

2018-03-02

Plants competing for available resources is an unavoidable phenomenon in a field. We conducted studies in cassava ( Manihot esculenta Crantz) in order to understand the pattern of this competition. Taking into account the competitive ability of genotypes while selecting parents for breeding advancement or commercialization can be very useful. We assumed that competition could occur at two levels: (i) the genotypic level, which we call interclonal, and (ii) the plot level irrespective of the type of genotype, which we call interplot competition or competition error. Modification in incidence matrices was applied in order to relate neighboring genotype/plot to the performance of a target genotype/plot with respect to its competitive ability. This was added into a genomic selection (GS) model to simultaneously predict the direct and competitive ability of a genotype. Predictability of the models was tested through a 10-fold cross-validation method repeated five times. The best model was chosen as the one with the lowest prediction root mean squared error (pRMSE) compared to that of the base model having no competitive component. Results from our real data studies indicated that <10% increase in accuracy was achieved with GS-interclonal competition model, but this value reached up to 25% with a GS-competition error model. We also found that the competitive influence of a cassava clone is not just limited to the adjacent neighbors but spreads beyond them. Through simulations, we found that a 26% increase of accuracy in estimating trait genotypic effect can be achieved even in the presence of high competitive variance. Copyright © 2018 Elias et al.

Summit CO2 emission rates by the CO2/SO2 ratio method at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi, during a period of sustained inflation

USGS Publications Warehouse

Hager, S.A.; Gerlach, T.M.; Wallace, P.J.

2008-01-01

The emission rate of carbon dioxide escaping from the summit of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi, proved highly variable, averaging 4900 ± 2000 metric tons per day (t/d) in June–July 2003 during a period of summit inflation. These results were obtained by combining over 90 measurements of COSPEC-derived SO2emission rates with synchronous CO2/SO2 ratios of the volcanic gas plume along the summit COSPEC traverse. The results are lower than the CO2 emission rate of 8500 ± 300 t/d measured by the same method in 1995–1999 during a period of long-term summit deflation [Gerlach, T.M., McGee, K.A., Elias, T., Sutton, A.J. and Doukas, M.P., 2002. Carbon dioxide emission rate of Kīlauea Volcano: Implications for primary magma and the summit reservoir. Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth, 107(B9): art. no.-2189.]. Analysis of the data indicates that the emission rates of the present study likely reflect changes in the magma supply rate and residence time in the summit reservoir. It is also likely that emission rates during the inflation period were heavily influenced by SO2 pulses emitted adjacent to the COSPEC traverse, which biased CO2/SO2 ratios towards low values that may be unrepresentative of the global summit gas plume. We conclude that the SO2 pulses are consequences of summit re-inflation under way since 2003 and that CO2 emission rates remain comparable to, but more variable than, those measured prior to re-inflation.

A Paleo Perspective on Arctic and Mid-latitude Linkages from a Southeast Alaska Ice Core

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Porter, S. E.; Mosley-Thompson, E.; Thompson, L. G.; Bolzan, J. F.

2017-12-01

Recent extreme weather events in the Northern Hemisphere have been linked to anomalously amplified jet stream patterns, North Pacific marine heatwaves, retreating Arctic sea ice extent, and/or the combination thereof. The role of the Arctic in influencing mid-latitude weather and extreme events is a burgeoning topic of climate research that is limited primarily to the recent decades in which Arctic amplification and shrinking Arctic sea ice extent are occurring. Paleo-proxy data afford an opportunity to place the changing Arctic and its far-reaching climatic consequences in the longer context of Earth's climate history and allow identification of time periods with conditions analogous to the present. Ice core-derived annual net accumulation from the Bona-Churchill (BC) ice core, retrieved in 2002 from the Wrangell-St. Elias mountain range in southeast Alaska, is used to explore the historical characteristics of the regional North Pacific climate and the further afield teleconnections. Variability of accumulation on BC is driven primarily by shifts in the position of the Aleutian Low which influences the available moisture sources for the drill site. The accumulation record is also related to sea surface temperatures in the Gulf of Alaska, defined here by the North Pacific Mode and somewhat colloquially as the North Pacific "blob". Thus due to its connection with the Aleutian Low and North Pacific sea surface temperatures, this uniquely situated ice core record indirectly captures the phasing of troughs and ridges in the polar jet stream over North America, and thereby facilitates examination of the atmospheric wave structure prior to the instrumental record. The relationships among the ice core accumulation record and various North Pacific climate features are presented along with evidence identifying specific time periods possibly characterized by persistently amplified wave patterns.

IFESS 2005 Special Session 5 Artifical Vision. Final progress report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Weiland, James D.

A special session on visual prostheses was held during the Annual Meeting of the International Functional Electrical Stimulation Society (IFESS), in Montreal, Canada, July 5-9, 2005. IFESS is a meeting that typically attracts researchers in implantable nerve stimulators, functional electrical stimulation, and rehabilitation. All of these areas have significant overlap with the retinal prosthesis, but these areas have decades of research behind them. The special session provided a forum for researchers with vast experience in nerve stimulation to interact with leading research in retinal and cortical visual prostheses. The grant paid for the travel and conference costs of the presentersmore » in the session. The session was chaired by James Weiland (the PI on this grant). The session co-chair was Phil Troyk, Ph.D., from the Illinois Institute of Technology. The Department of Energy was acknowledged at the start of the session as the sponsor. The following talks were delivered: Clinical Trial of a Prototype Retinal Prosthesis James Weiland, Ph.D. Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, California The U.S. Department of Energy's Artificial Sight Program Elias Greenbaum, Ph.D. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee A 16-Channel stimulator ASIC for use in an intracortical visual prosthesis Phillip R. Troyk, Ph.D. Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois Two approaches to the Optic Nerve Visual Prosthesis Jean Delbeke, M.D. University Cath de Louvain, Louvain, Belgium Design and Implementation of High Power Efficiency Modules for a Cortical Visual Stimulator Mohammad Sawan, Ph.D. Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal, Montreal, Canada Remaining funds from the grant were used to support Dr. Weiland's travel to the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology in May 2006, with DOE approval, where several projects, supported by the DOE artificial retina program, were presented.« less

Skating on thin ice: surface chemistry under interstellar conditions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fraser, H.; van Dishoeck, E.; Tielens, X.

Solid CO2 has been observed towards both active star forming regions and quiescent clouds (Gerakines et. al. (1999)). The high abundance of CO2 in the solid phase, and its low abundance in the gas phase, support the idea that CO2 is almost exclusively formed in the solid state. Several possible formation mechanisms have been postulated (Ruffle &Herbst (2001): Charnley &Kaufman (2000)), and the detection of CO2 towards quiescent sources such as Elias 16 (Whittet et. al. (1998)) clearly suggests that CO2 can be produced in the absence of UV or electron mediated processes. The most likely route is via the surface reactions between O atoms, or OH radicals, and CO. The tools of modern surface- science offer us the potential to determine many of the physical and chemical attributes of icy interstellar grain mantles under highly controlled conditions, that closely mimic interstellar environments. The Leiden Surface Reaction Simulation Device ( urfreside) combines UHV (UltraS High Vacuum) surface science techniques with an atomic beam to study chemical reactions occurring on the SURFACE and in the BULK of interstellar ice grain mimics. By simultaneously combining two or more surface analysis techniques, the chemical kinetics, reaction mechanisms and activation energies can be determined directly. The experiment is aimed at identifying the key barrierless reactions and desorption pathways on and in H2 O and CO ices under interstellar conditions. The results from traditional HV (high vacuum) and UHV studies of the CO + O and CO + OH reactions will be presented in this paper. Charnley, S.B., & Kaufman, M.J., 2000, ApJ, 529, L111 Gerakines, P.A., 1999, ApJ, 522, 357 Ruffle, D.P., & Herbst, E., 2001, MNRAS, 324, 1054 Whittet, D.C.B., et.al., 1998, ApJ, 498, L159

Late nineteenth to early twenty-first century behavior of Alaskan glaciers as indicators of changing regional climate

USGS Publications Warehouse

Molnia, B.F.

2007-01-01

Alaska's climate is changing and one of the most significant indications of this change has been the late 19th to early 21st century behavior of Alaskan glaciers. Weather station temperature data document that air temperatures throughout Alaska have been increasing for many decades. Since the mid-20th century, the average change is an increase of ?????2.0????C. In order to determine the magnitude and pattern of response of glaciers to this regional climate change, a comprehensive analysis was made of the recent behavior of hundreds of glaciers located in the eleven Alaskan mountain ranges and three island areas that currently support glaciers. Data analyzed included maps, historical observations, thousands of ground-and-aerial photographs and satellite images, and vegetation proxy data. Results were synthesized to determine changes in length and area of individual glaciers. Alaskan ground photography dates from 1883, aerial photography dates from 1926, and satellite photography and imagery dates from the early 1960s. Unfortunately, very few Alaskan glaciers have any mass balance observations. In most areas analyzed, every glacier that descends below an elevation of ?????1500??m is currently thinning and/or retreating. Many glaciers have an uninterrupted history of continuous post-Little-Ice-Age retreat that spans more than 250??years. Others are characterized by multiple late 19th to early 21st century fluctuations. Today, retreating and/or thinning glaciers represent more than 98% of the glaciers examined. However, in the Coast Mountains, St. Elias Mountains, Chugach Mountains, and the Aleutian Range more than a dozen glaciers are currently advancing and thickening. Many currently advancing glaciers are or were formerly tidewater glaciers. Some of these glaciers have been expanding for more than two centuries. This presentation documents the post-Little-Ice-Age behavior and variability of the response of many Alaskan glaciers to changing regional climate. ?? 2006.

Citizen earthquake alert using near real time PGA estimation from a local array combining a variety of accelerometric instruments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Melis, Nikolaos S.; Konstantinou, Konstantinos; Kalogeras, Ioannis; Sokos, Efthimios; Tselentis, G.-Akis

2017-04-01

It is of a great importance to assess rapidly the intensity of a felt event in a highly populated environment. Rapid and reliable information plays a key role to decision making responses, by performing correctly the first steps after a felt ground shaking. Thus, it is important to accurately respond to urgent societal demand using reliable information. A strong motion array is under deployment and trial operation in the area of Patras, Greece. It combines: (a) standard accelerometric stations operated by the National Observatory of Athens, Institute of Geodynamics (NOA), (b) QCN-type USB MEMS acceleration sensors deployed in schools and (c) P-alert MEMS acceleration devices deployed in public sector buildings as well as in private dwellings. The array intends to cover the whole city of Patras and the populated suburbs. All instruments are operating in near real time and they are linked to a combined Earthworm - SeisComP3 server at NOA, Athens. Rapid intensity estimation can be also performed by the P-alert accelerometers locally, but the performance of a near real time intensity estimation system is under operation at NOA. The procedure is based on observing the maximum PGA value at each instrument and empirically estimate the corresponding intensity. The values are also fed to a SeisComP3 based ShakeMap procedure that is served at NOA and uses the scwfparam module of SeisComP3. Earthquake activity has been recorded so far from the western Corinth Gulf, the Ionian Islands and Achaia-Elia area, western Peloponnesus. The first phase involves correlation tests of collocated instruments and assessment of their performance to low intensity as well as to strongly felt events in the Patras city area. Steps of expanding the array are also under consideration, in order to cover the wider area of northwestern Peloponnesus and Ionian islands.

Comparative phylogeography highlights the double-edged sword of climate change faced by arctic- and alpine-adapted mammals.

PubMed

Lanier, Hayley C; Gunderson, Aren M; Weksler, Marcelo; Fedorov, Vadim B; Olson, Link E

2015-01-01

Recent studies suggest that alpine and arctic organisms may have distinctly different phylogeographic histories from temperate or tropical taxa, with recent range contraction into interglacial refugia as opposed to post-glacial expansion out of refugia. We use a combination of phylogeographic inference, demographic reconstructions, and hierarchical Approximate Bayesian Computation to test for phylodemographic concordance among five species of alpine-adapted small mammals in eastern Beringia. These species (Collared Pikas, Hoary Marmots, Brown Lemmings, Arctic Ground Squirrels, and Singing Voles) vary in specificity to alpine and boreal-tundra habitat but share commonalities (e.g., cold tolerance and nunatak survival) that might result in concordant responses to Pleistocene glaciations. All five species contain a similar phylogeographic disjunction separating eastern and Beringian lineages, which we show to be the result of simultaneous divergence. Genetic diversity is similar within each haplogroup for each species, and there is no support for a post-Pleistocene population expansion in eastern lineages relative to those from Beringia. Bayesian skyline plots for four of the five species do not support Pleistocene population contraction. Brown Lemmings show evidence of late Quaternary demographic expansion without subsequent population decline. The Wrangell-St. Elias region of eastern Alaska appears to be an important zone of recent secondary contact for nearctic alpine mammals. Despite differences in natural history and ecology, similar phylogeographic histories are supported for all species, suggesting that these, and likely other, alpine- and arctic-adapted taxa are already experiencing population and/or range declines that are likely to synergistically accelerate in the face of rapid climate change. Climate change may therefore be acting as a double-edged sword that erodes genetic diversity within populations but promotes divergence and the generation of

Trans-Alaska Crustal Transect and continental evolution involving subduction underplating and synchronous foreland thrusting

USGS Publications Warehouse

Fuis, G.S.; Moore, Thomas E.; Plafker, G.; Brocher, T.M.; Fisher, M.A.; Mooney, W.D.; Nokleberg, W.J.; Page, R.A.; Beaudoin, B.C.; Christensen, N.I.; Levander, A.R.; Lutter, W.J.; Saltus, R.W.; Ruppert, N.A.

2008-01-01

We investigate the crustal structure and tectonic evolution of the North American continent in Alaska, where the continent has grown through magmatism, accretion, and tectonic underplating. In the 1980s and early 1990s, we conducted a geological and geophysical investigation, known as the Trans-Alaska Crustal Transect (TACT), along a 1350-km-long corridor from the Aleutian Trench to the Arctic coast. The most distinctive crustal structures and the deepest Moho along the transect are located near the Pacific and Arctic margins. Near the Pacific margin, we infer a stack of tectonically underplated oceanic layers interpreted as remnants of the extinct Kula (or Resurrection) plate. Continental Moho just north of this underplated stack is more than 55 km deep. Near the Arctic margin, the Brooks Range is underlain by large-scale duplex structures that overlie a tectonic wedge of North Slope crust and mantle. There, the Moho has been depressed to nearly 50 km depth. In contrast, the Moho of central Alaska is on average 32 km deep. In the Paleogene, tectonic underplating of Kula (or Resurrection) plate fragments overlapped in time with duplexing in the Brooks Range. Possible tectonic models linking these two regions include flat-slab subduction and an orogenic-float model. In the Neogene, the tectonics of the accreting Yakutat terrane have differed across a newly interpreted tear in the subducting Pacific oceanic lithosphere. East of the tear, Pacific oceanic lithosphere subducts steeply and alone beneath the Wrangell volcanoes, because the overlying Yakutat terrane has been left behind as underplated rocks beneath the rising St. Elias Range, in the coastal region. West of the tear, the Yakutat terrane and Pacific oceanic lithosphere subduct together at a gentle angle, and this thickened package inhibits volcanism. ?? 2008 The Geological Society of America.

Margin Architecture and Sediment Flux as Controls on Submarine Fan Development: Tectonic-Climate Interactions in the Gulf of Alaska

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gulick, S. P. S.; Montelli, A.; Swartz, J. M.; Morey, S.; Jaeger, J. M.; Mix, A. C.; Reece, R.; Somchat, K.; Wagner, P. F.; Worthington, L. L.

2015-12-01

The oblique collision of the Yakutat microplate into southeast Alaska generates the St. Elias Mountains, a coastal orogen with significant moisture from the Gulf of Alaska resulting in large, temperate glacial systems that expand to and eventually cross the continental shelf during glacial maxima. We present an overview of the evolution of sediment routing on this margin from integration of seismic images, updated age models and core-log-seismic correlations from IODP Expedition 341 drilling sites, and mapping efforts from shelf, slope, and fan. We focus on the three dominant glacial systems during the climatically important intensification of Northern Hemisphere glaciation at the Plio-Pleistocene transition and the further intensification of glaciation since the mid-Pleistocene transition. Along strike, sediment delivery to deepwater from the three glacial systems varied according to Pleistocene shelf accommodation space. The Alsek crossed a narrower shelf with a bedrock high near the shelf edge; the Malaspina-Hubbard system crossed an undeformed, ~1 km deep shelf; the Bering-Bagley system crossed a several km deep shelf deforming as an active fold and thrust belt. The Malaspina and Bering catchments exhibit high exhumation rates onshore due to the Yakutat collision and upon reaching the shelf edge these glaciers generate trough mouth fans (TMFs) on the adjacent continental slope but only after first filling the available accommodation with glacigenic sediment and lowering the slope gradient through progradation. The Alsek crosses the shelf earliest but never with sufficient sediment flux to generate a TMF. An east-west transition in adjacent deepwater submarine channels that feed and generate the Surveyor Fan suggests that shelf accommodation and sediment flux are primary controls on sediment routing from orogen to submarine fan. Both of these parameters are in turn a function of initial tectonic architecture and ongoing orogen dynamics.

Translational Geoscience: Converting Geoscience Innovation into Societal Impacts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schiffries, C. M.

2015-12-01

Translational geoscience — which involves the conversion of geoscience discovery into societal, economic, and environmental impacts — has significant potential to generate large benefits but has received little systematic attention or resources. In contrast, translational medicine — which focuses on the conversion of scientific discovery into health improvement — has grown enormously in the past decade and provides useful models for other fields. Elias Zerhouni [1] developed a "new vision" for translational science to "ensure that extraordinary scientific advances of the past decade will be rapidly captured, translated, and disseminated for the benefit of all Americans." According to Francis Collins, "Opportunities to advance the discipline of translational science have never been better. We must move forward now. Science and society cannot afford to do otherwise." On 9 July 2015, the White House issued a memorandum directing U.S. federal agencies to focus on translating research into broader impacts, including commercial products and decision-making frameworks [3]. Natural hazards mitigation is one of many geoscience topics that would benefit from advances in translational science. This paper demonstrates that natural hazards mitigation can benefit from advances in translational science that address such topics as improving emergency preparedness, communicating life-saving information to government officials and citizens, explaining false positives and false negatives, working with multiple stakeholders and organizations across all sectors of the economy and all levels of government, and collaborating across a broad range of disciplines. [1] Zerhouni, EA (2005) New England Journal of Medicine 353(15):1621-1623. [2] Collins, FS (2011) Science Translational Medicine 3(90):1-6. [3] Donovan, S and Holdren, JP (2015) Multi-agency science and technology priorities for the FY 2017 budget. Executive Office of the President of the United States, 5 pp.

Demography and decline of the Mentasta Caribou Herd, Alaska

USGS Publications Warehouse

Jenkins, Kurt J.; Barten, Neil L.

2005-01-01

We evaluated population trends in the Mentasta caribou (Rangifer tarandus (L., 1758)) herd in Wrangell a?? St. Elias National Park and Preserve, Alaska, from 1990 to 1997 and determined factors contributing to its decline. We postulated that predation-related mortality of adult females and juveniles was the proximate cause of the decline, and that survival of juvenile caribou reflected interactions with winter severity, calving distribution, timing of births, density of caribou, and physical condition of neonates at birth. The population declined at its greatest rate from 1990 to 1993 (r = a??0.32) and at a lower rate from 1994 to 1997 (r = a??0.09). Recruitment (number of calves/100 females during September) averaged 4/100 during the rapid population decline from 1990 to 1993 and 13/100 from 1994 to 1997. Parturition rate of adult females ranged from 65% to 97%. Survival of adult females and juveniles ranged from 0.77 to 0.86 and from 0.00 to 0.22, respectively. Approximately 43%, 59%, and 79% of all juvenile mortality occurred by 1, 2, and 4 weeks of age, respectively. We confirmed predation-related mortality as the primary proximate cause of population decline, with gray wolves (Canis lupus L., 1758), bears (species of the genus Ursus L., 1758), and other predators accounting for 57%, 38%, and 5%, respectively, of all juvenile mortality, and bears causing disproportionate mortality among 0- to 1-week-old neonates. We supported the hypotheses that timing of birth and habitat conditions at the birth site, particularly mottled snow patterns, affected vulnerability and survival of neonates, and birth mass affected survival of juveniles through summer. We speculate that the population will continue to decline before reaching a low-density equilibrium that is sustained by density-dependent changes in the functional responses of predators.

Inhibition of hypoxia-associated response and kynurenine production in response to hyperbaric oxygen as mechanisms involved in protection against experimental cerebral malaria.

PubMed

Bastos, Marcele F; Kayano, Ana Carolina A V; Silva-Filho, João Luiz; Dos-Santos, João Conrado K; Judice, Carla; Blanco, Yara C; Shryock, Nathaniel; Sercundes, Michelle K; Ortolan, Luana S; Francelin, Carolina; Leite, Juliana A; Oliveira, Rafaella; Elias, Rosa M; Câmara, Niels O S; Lopes, Stefanie C P; Albrecht, Letusa; Farias, Alessandro S; Vicente, Cristina P; Werneck, Claudio C; Giorgio, Selma; Verinaud, Liana; Epiphanio, Sabrina; Marinho, Claudio R F; Lalwani, Pritesh; Amino, Rogerio; Aliberti, Julio; Costa, Fabio T M

2018-03-20

Cerebral malaria (CM) is a multifactorial syndrome involving an exacerbated proinflammatory status, endothelial cell activation, coagulopathy, hypoxia, and accumulation of leukocytes and parasites in the brain microvasculature. Despite significant improvements in malaria control, 15% of mortality is still observed in CM cases, and 25% of survivors develop neurologic sequelae for life-even after appropriate antimalarial therapy. A treatment that ameliorates CM clinical signs, resulting in complete healing, is urgently needed. Previously, we showed a hyperbaric oxygen (HBO)-protective effect against experimental CM. Here, we provide molecular evidence that HBO targets brain endothelial cells by decreasing their activation and inhibits parasite and leukocyte accumulation, thus improving cerebral microcirculatory blood flow. HBO treatment increased the expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor over hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α (HIF-1α), an oxygen-sensitive cytosolic receptor, along with decreased indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 expression and kynurenine levels. Moreover, ablation of HIF-1α expression in endothelial cells in mice conferred protection against CM and improved survival. We propose that HBO should be pursued as an adjunctive therapy in CM patients to prolong survival and diminish deleterious proinflammatory reaction. Furthermore, our data support the use of HBO in therapeutic strategies to improve outcomes of non-CM disorders affecting the brain.-Bastos, M. F., Kayano, A. C. A. V., Silva-Filho, J. L., Dos-Santos, J. C. K., Judice, C., Blanco, Y. C., Shryock, N., Sercundes, M. K., Ortolan, L. S., Francelin, C., Leite, J. A., Oliveira, R., Elias, R. M., Câmara, N. O. S., Lopes, S. C. P., Albrecht, L., Farias, A. S., Vicente, C. P., Werneck, C. C., Giorgio, S., Verinaud, L., Epiphanio, S., Marinho, C. R. F., Lalwani, P., Amino, R., Aliberti, J., Costa, F. T. M. Inhibition of hypoxia-associated response and kynurenine production in response to hyperbaric oxygen

Comparative Phylogeography Highlights the Double-Edged Sword of Climate Change Faced by Arctic- and Alpine-Adapted Mammals

PubMed Central

Lanier, Hayley C.; Gunderson, Aren M.; Weksler, Marcelo; Fedorov, Vadim B.; Olson, Link E.

2015-01-01

Recent studies suggest that alpine and arctic organisms may have distinctly different phylogeographic histories from temperate or tropical taxa, with recent range contraction into interglacial refugia as opposed to post-glacial expansion out of refugia. We use a combination of phylogeographic inference, demographic reconstructions, and hierarchical Approximate Bayesian Computation to test for phylodemographic concordance among five species of alpine-adapted small mammals in eastern Beringia. These species (Collared Pikas, Hoary Marmots, Brown Lemmings, Arctic Ground Squirrels, and Singing Voles) vary in specificity to alpine and boreal-tundra habitat but share commonalities (e.g., cold tolerance and nunatak survival) that might result in concordant responses to Pleistocene glaciations. All five species contain a similar phylogeographic disjunction separating eastern and Beringian lineages, which we show to be the result of simultaneous divergence. Genetic diversity is similar within each haplogroup for each species, and there is no support for a post-Pleistocene population expansion in eastern lineages relative to those from Beringia. Bayesian skyline plots for four of the five species do not support Pleistocene population contraction. Brown Lemmings show evidence of late Quaternary demographic expansion without subsequent population decline. The Wrangell-St. Elias region of eastern Alaska appears to be an important zone of recent secondary contact for nearctic alpine mammals. Despite differences in natural history and ecology, similar phylogeographic histories are supported for all species, suggesting that these, and likely other, alpine- and arctic-adapted taxa are already experiencing population and/or range declines that are likely to synergistically accelerate in the face of rapid climate change. Climate change may therefore be acting as a double-edged sword that erodes genetic diversity within populations but promotes divergence and the generation of

Rapid Ice Mass Loss: Does It Have an Influence on Earthquake Occurrence in Southern Alaska?

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sauber, Jeanne M.

2008-01-01

The glaciers of southern Alaska are extensive, and many of them have undergone gigatons of ice wastage on time scales on the order of the seismic cycle. Since the ice loss occurs directly above a shallow main thrust zone associated with subduction of the Pacific-Yakutat plate beneath continental Alaska, the region between the Malaspina and Bering Glaciers is an excellent test site for evaluating the importance of recent ice wastage on earthquake faulting potential. We demonstrate the influence of cumulative glacial mass loss following the 1899 Yakataga earthquake (M=8.1) by using a two dimensional finite element model with a simple representation of ice fluctuations to calculate the incremental stresses and change in the fault stability margin (FSM) along the main thrust zone (MTZ) and on the surface. Along the MTZ, our results indicate a decrease in FSM between 1899 and the 1979 St. Elias earthquake (M=7.4) of 0.2 - 1.2 MPa over an 80 km region between the coast and the 1979 aftershock zone; at the surface, the estimated FSM was larger but more localized to the lower reaches of glacial ablation zones. The ice-induced stresses were large enough, in theory, to promote the occurrence of shallow thrust earthquakes. To empirically test the influence of short-term ice fluctuations on fault stability, we compared the seismic rate from a reference background time period (1988-1992) against other time periods (1993-2006) with variable ice or tectonic change characteristics. We found that the frequency of small tectonic events in the Icy Bay region increased in 2002-2006 relative to the background seismic rate. We hypothesize that this was due to a significant increase in the rate of ice wastage in 2002-2006 instead of the M=7.9, 2002 Denali earthquake, located more than 100km away.

Learning mathematics in two dimensions: a review and look ahead at teaching and learning early childhood mathematics with children's literature.

PubMed

Flevares, Lucia M; Schiff, Jamie R

2014-01-01

In the past 25 years an identifiable interest in using children's literature in mathematics learning emerged (Clyne and Griffiths, 1991; Welchman-Tischler, 1992; Hong, 1996; Hellwig etal., 2000; Haury, 2001). We critically review the rationales given for the use of picture books in mathematics learning, with a special focus on geometry due to its underrepresentation in this body of literature and the need for greater focus on this topic. The benefits and effectiveness of using picture books for children's mathematics learning and interest have been documented (Hong, 1996; O'Neill etal., 2004; Young-Loveridge, 2004). For geometry, although much learning of shape ideas should be hands-on, two-dimensional figures are essential to develop children's understanding of plane geometry. Books may effectively engage pre-literate children with plane shapes (van den Heuvel-Panhuizen and van den Boogaard, 2008; Skoumpourdi and Mpakopoulou, 2011) and shapes as gestalt wholes or prototypes (van Hiele, 1986; Clements etal., 1999; Hannibal, 1999). We review several guidelines and evaluative criteria for book selection, including Cianciolo (2000), Schiro (1997), Hunsader (2004), and van den Heuvel-Panhuizen and Elia (2012). Geometry concepts have proven challenging for young students, but their difficulties may stem, in part, from inadequate teacher training and professional development (Clements and Sarama, 2000; Chard etal., 2008) which lead to misconceptions (Oberdorf and Taylor-Cox, 1999; Inan and Dogan-Temur, 2010). Using picture books in teacher training may be an inviting way for early childhood teachers to enhance their own knowledge. We will examine the literature for guidance on incorporating children's literature into teacher training. In closing we will outline a comprehensive, multi-pronged agenda for best instructional practices for selection and use of children's books in mathematics activities and for teacher training.

Learning mathematics in two dimensions: a review and look ahead at teaching and learning early childhood mathematics with children’s literature

PubMed Central

Flevares, Lucia M.; Schiff, Jamie R.

2014-01-01

In the past 25 years an identifiable interest in using children’s literature in mathematics learning emerged (Clyne and Griffiths, 1991; Welchman-Tischler, 1992; Hong, 1996; Hellwig etal., 2000; Haury, 2001). We critically review the rationales given for the use of picture books in mathematics learning, with a special focus on geometry due to its underrepresentation in this body of literature and the need for greater focus on this topic. The benefits and effectiveness of using picture books for children’s mathematics learning and interest have been documented (Hong, 1996; O’Neill etal., 2004; Young-Loveridge, 2004). For geometry, although much learning of shape ideas should be hands-on, two-dimensional figures are essential to develop children’s understanding of plane geometry. Books may effectively engage pre-literate children with plane shapes (van den Heuvel-Panhuizen and van den Boogaard, 2008; Skoumpourdi and Mpakopoulou, 2011) and shapes as gestalt wholes or prototypes (van Hiele, 1986; Clements etal., 1999; Hannibal, 1999). We review several guidelines and evaluative criteria for book selection, including Cianciolo (2000), Schiro (1997), Hunsader (2004), and van den Heuvel-Panhuizen and Elia (2012). Geometry concepts have proven challenging for young students, but their difficulties may stem, in part, from inadequate teacher training and professional development (Clements and Sarama, 2000; Chard etal., 2008) which lead to misconceptions (Oberdorf and Taylor-Cox, 1999; Inan and Dogan-Temur, 2010). Using picture books in teacher training may be an inviting way for early childhood teachers to enhance their own knowledge. We will examine the literature for guidance on incorporating children’s literature into teacher training. In closing we will outline a comprehensive, multi-pronged agenda for best instructional practices for selection and use of children’s books in mathematics activities and for teacher training. PMID:24904475

"The Bridge" from Earthscope to EarthsCAN to Maintain North American Geoscience Momentum

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Boggs, K. J. E.; Hyndman, R. D.; Eaton, D. W. S.

2016-12-01

"The Bridge", of seismic instruments across the Yukon-western NWT from the USArray-Alaska extending from the Pacific Ocean to the Beaufort Sea, is a possible proof of concept for the new EarthsCAN research initiative. The proposal is to fill gaps between the USArray-Alaska seismic stations, the McKenzie Mtn Earthscope Project, seismic sites of the Geological Survey of Canada, the Yukon Geological Survey, the University of Ottawa and other industry/government consortia. Workshop results defined important northern Cordillera questions. The Yukon Stable Block (YSB) is underlain in part by the Paleoproterozoic Wernecke Supergroup (not exposed elsewhere in the Cordillera). Cretaceous-Tertiary structures are deflected around the YSB suggesting stronger internal crust in the YSB. New GPS observations (Alaska and NW Canada) indicate that as the Yakutat block is colliding with North America that the Elias block is rotating counterclockwise, and the Alaska panhandle rotating clockwise into North America. Seismic activity also extends 800 km from the plate boundary to current deformation in the Mackenzie and Richardson Mountains. A model to explain neotectonic deformation proposes a strong upper crust, decoupled from the underlying mantle due to elevated basal temperatures, which is pushed against the plate boundary and transmits stresses throughout the Cordillera. Resolving these questions requires high-resolution seismic velocity models of the crust and mantle, dense GPS velocity fields, as well as mapping active faults in the Mackenzie Mountains and across the Cordillera via Lidar images and paleoseismic trenching. The transition from the actively deforming northern Cordillera to the relatively aseismic northern Rockies across a lithospheric-scale transfer zone inherited from former passive margins, similar to the one bounding the YSB in the north, may be an important characteristic of modern Cordilleras that controls tectonic activity.

Plexin C1 deficiency permits synaptotagmin 7–mediated macrophage migration and enhances mammalian lung fibrosis

PubMed Central

Peng, Xueyan; Moore, Meagan; Mathur, Aditi; Zhou, Yang; Sun, Huanxing; Gan, Ye; Herazo-Maya, Jose D.; Kaminski, Naftali; Hu, Xinyuan; Pan, Hongyi; Ryu, Changwan; Osafo-Addo, Awo; Homer, Robert J.; Feghali-Bostwick, Carol; Fares, Wassim H.; Gulati, Mridu; Hu, Buqu; Lee, Chun-Geun; Elias, Jack A.; Herzog, Erica L.

2016-01-01

Pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive and often fatal condition that is believed to be partially orchestrated by macrophages. Mechanisms that control migration of these cells into and within the lung remain undefined. We evaluated the contributions of the semaphorin receptor, plexin C1 (PLXNC1), and the exocytic calcium sensor, synaptotagmin 7 (Syt7), in these processes. We evaluated the role of PLXNC1 in macrophage migration by using Boyden chambers and scratch tests, characterized its contribution to experimentally induced lung fibrosis in mice, and defined the mechanism for our observations. Our findings reveal that relative to control participants, patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis demonstrate excessive monocyte migration and underexpression of PLXNC1 in the lungs and circulation, a finding that is recapitulated in the setting of scleroderma-related interstitial lung disease. Relative to wild type, PLXNC1−/− mouse macrophages are excessively migratory, and PLXNC1−/− mice show exacerbated collagen accumulation in response to either inhaled bleomycin or inducible lung targeted TGF-β1 overexpression. These findings are ameliorated by replacement of PLXNC1 on bone marrow–derived cells or by genetic deletion of Syt7. These data demonstrate the previously unrecognized observation that PLXNC1 deficiency permits Syt7-mediated macrophage migration and enhances mammalian lung fibrosis.—Peng, X., Moore, M., Mathur, A., Zhou, Y., Sun, H., Gan, Y., Herazo-Maya, J. D., Kaminski, N., Hu, X., Pan, H., Ryu, C., Osafo-Addo, A., Homer, R. J., Feghali-Bostwick, C., Fares, W. H., Gulati, M., Hu, B., Lee, C.-G., Elias, J. A., Herzog, E. L. Plexin C1 deficiency permits synaptotagmin 7–mediated macrophage migration and enhances mammalian lung fibrosis. PMID:27609773

Constraining recent lead pollution sources in the North Pacific using ice core stable lead isotopes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gross, B. H.; Kreutz, K. J.; Osterberg, E. C.; McConnell, J. R.; Handley, M.; Wake, C. P.; Yalcin, K.

2012-08-01

Trends and sources of lead (Pb) aerosol pollution in the North Pacific rim of North America from 1850 to 2001 are investigated using a high-resolution (subannual to annual) ice core record recovered from Eclipse Icefield (3017 masl; St. Elias Mountains, Canada). Beginning in the early 1940s, increasing Pb concentration at Eclipse Icefield occurs coevally with anthropogenic Pb deposition in central Greenland, suggesting that North American Pb pollution may have been in part or wholly responsible in both regions. Isotopic ratios (208Pb/207Pb and 206Pb/207Pb) from 1970 to 2001 confirm that a portion of the Pb deposited at Eclipse Icefield is anthropogenic, and that it represents a variable mixture of East Asian (Chinese and Japanese) emissions transported eastward across the Pacific Ocean and a North American component resulting from transient meridional atmospheric flow. Based on comparison with source material Pb isotope ratios, Chinese and North American coal combustion have likely been the primary sources of Eclipse Icefield Pb over the 1970-2001 time period. The Eclipse Icefield Pb isotope composition also implies that the North Pacific mid-troposphere is not directly impacted by transpolar atmospheric flow from Europe. Annually averaged Pb concentrations in the Eclipse Icefield ice core record show no long-term trend during 1970-2001; however, increasing208Pb/207Pb and decreasing 206Pb/207Pb ratios reflect the progressive East Asian industrialization and increase in Asian pollutant outflow. The post-1970 decrease in North American Pb emissions is likely necessary to explain the Eclipse Icefield Pb concentration time series. When compared with low (lichen) and high (Mt. Logan ice core) elevation Pb data, the Eclipse ice core record suggests a gradual increase in pollutant deposition and stronger trans-Pacific Asian contribution with rising elevation in the mountains of the North Pacific rim.

PREFACE: Beyond Kyoto - the necessary road

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Margrethe Basse, Ellen

2009-03-01

Project Manager Henrik Dalgaard for his excellent editorial services and to stud.mag. Nanna Katrine Lüders Kaalund for her practical assistance with the proceedings. The European Commission under the Regional Development Fund has funded the conference and the publication of the proceedings.

New Insight into the Role of Tectonics versus Gravitational Deformation in Development of Surface Ruptures along the Ragged Mountain Fault, Katalla, Alaska USA: Applications of High-Resolution Three-Dimensional Terrain Models

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Heinlein, S. N.; Pavlis, T. L.; Bruhn, R. L.; McCalpin, J. P.

2017-12-01

This study evaluates a surface structure using 3D visualization of LiDAR and aerial photography then analyzes these datasets using structure mapping techniques. Results provide new insight into the role of tectonics versus gravitational deformation. The study area is located in southern Alaska in the western edge of the St. Elias Orogen where the Yakutat microplate is colliding into Alaska. Computer applications were used to produce 3D terrain models to create a kinematic assessment of the Ragged Mountain fault which trends along the length of the east flank of Ragged Mountain. The area contains geomorphic and structural features which are utilize to determine the type of displacement on the fault. Previous studies described the Ragged Mountain fault as a very shallow (8°), west-dipping thrust fault that reactivated in the Late Holocene by westward-directed gravity sliding and inferred at least 180 m of normal slip, in a direction opposite to the (relative) eastward thrust transport of the structure inferred from stratigraphic juxtaposition. More recently this gravity sliding hypothesis has been questioned and this study evaluates one of these alternative hypotheses; that uphill facing normal fault-scarps along the Ragged Mountain fault trace represent extension above a buried ramp in a thrust and is evaluated with a fault-parallel flow model of hanging-wall folding and extension. Profiles across the scarp trace were used to illustrate the curvature of the topographic surfaces adjacent to the scarps system and evaluate their origin. This simple kinematic model tests the hypothesis that extensional fault scarps at the surface are produced by flexure above a deeper ramp in a largely blind thrust system. The data in the context of this model implies that the extensional scarp structures previously examined represent a combination of erosionally modified features overprinted by flexural extension above a thrust system. Analyses of scarp heights along the structure are

Core-seismic investigation of Surveyor Channel tributaries: Glacial history of the southern Alaskan margin

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Somchat, K.; Reece, R.; Gulick, S. P. S.; Asahi, H.; Mix, A. C.

2016-12-01

The low angle subduction and collision of the Yakutat microplate with the North America Plate created, and continues to contribute to the uplift of the Chugach-St. Elias Range. This heavily glaciated, high topography proximal to the shoreline creates a unique source-to-sink system in which glacial sediment is transported and preserved offshore in a deep sea fan without much interruption. The product of this sediment is the Surveyor Fan and Channel system. Four tributary channels form the head of the Surveyor Channel complex and merge into the main channel trunk 200 km from the shelf edge. We integrate drill core and seismic reflection data to study the evolution of these tributaries in order to decipher glacial history of the southern Alaskan margin since the mid-Pleistocene (1.2 Ma). Updated age models from Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 341 Sites U1417 and U1418 provide a higher resolution chronology of sediment delivery to the Surveyor Fan than previous studies. We regionally extended the mapping of seismic subunits previously identified by Exp. 341 scientists at sites U1417 and U1418 and analyzed regional patterns of sediment deposition. Two-way travel time (isopach) maps of the three subunits show a trend of sediment depocenter shifting to the east since 1.2 Ma, where the Yakutat and Alsek tributaries have increasing sediment flux through time. Changes in sediment flux in each system represent the changes in locations and amplitudes of glacial ice over successive glacial intervals. Additionally, seismic analysis of channel geomorphology shows that each system contains distinct geomorphological evolutions. Since glacial erosion provides the sediment for the fan, the history of glacial ice onshore can be inferred from seismic geomorphology, where changes in glacial ice affect sediment supply and therefore shifts in depocenters and sedimentation pathways. This study shows an interaction between glacial activity onshore and deep sea fan sediment

Effects of Volcanoes on the Natural Environment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mouginis-Mark, Peter J.

2005-01-01

The primary focus of this project has been on the development of techniques to study the thermal and gas output of volcanoes, and to explore our options for the collection of vegetation and soil data to enable us to assess the impact of this volcanic activity on the environment. We originally selected several volcanoes that have persistent gas emissions and/or magma production. The investigation took an integrated look at the environmental effects of a volcano. Through their persistent activity, basaltic volcanoes such as Kilauea (Hawaii) and Masaya (Nicaragua) contribute significant amounts of sulfur dioxide and other gases to the lower atmosphere. Although primarily local rather than regional in its impact, the continuous nature of these eruptions means that they can have a major impact on the troposphere for years to decades. Since mid-1986, Kilauea has emitted about 2,000 tonnes of sulfur dioxide per day, while between 1995 and 2000 Masaya has emotted about 1,000 to 1,500 tonnes per day (Duffel1 et al., 2001; Delmelle et al., 2002; Sutton and Elias, 2002). These emissions have a significant effect on the local environment. The volcanic smog ("vog" ) that is produced affects the health of local residents, impacts the local ecology via acid rain deposition and the generation of acidic soils, and is a concern to local air traffic due to reduced visibility. Much of the work that was conducted under this NASA project was focused on the development of field validation techniques of volcano degassing and thermal output that could then be correlated with satellite observations. In this way, we strove to develop methods by which not only our study volcanoes, but also volcanoes in general worldwide (Wright and Flynn, 2004; Wright et al., 2004). Thus volcanoes could be routinely monitored for their effects on the environment. The selected volcanoes were: Kilauea (Hawaii; 19.425 N, 155.292 W); Masaya (Nicaragua; 11.984 N, 86.161 W); and Pods (Costa Rica; 10.2OoN, 84.233 W).

Non-linear feedbacks drive strain partitioning within an active orogen, southern Alaska

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hooks, B.; Koons, P. O.; Upton, P.

2011-12-01

Temperature plays a very important role in the partitioning of deformation within an active orogen. Local variations in the thermal structure of actively uplifting areas can reinforce focused partitioning of strain locally, whereas regional variations can alter deformation patterns on a much broader scale resulting in the re-organization of an entire orogen. Within southern Alaska, the Yakutat micro-terrane has been subducting beneath North America over the previous ~10 Ma. Early deformation related to this event drove uplift of the Alaska Range, as evidenced by stratigraphic and thermochronologic datasets. This was followed by a southerly discontinuous spatial jump in the deformation front to the coastal St. Elias Range. Here we present 3D numerical models that simulate deformation of Earth materials given assigned applied velocity boundary conditions and mechanical and thermal constitutive relationships on a macro- (plate boundary) and meso-scale (<50-km). The goal is to reproduce first-order strain and uplift patterns within this evolving orogen. The macro-scale model undergoes a spatial and temporal reorganization of deformation as strain is progressively shifted to a trench-ward orogenic wedge, the inlet orogen. Subduction related cooling of the fore-arc (i.e. tectonic refrigeration) provides control on the location of the inlet orogen. This control is based upon the creation of a thin sliver of cold, strong material along the mega-thrust interface. The stronger mega-thrust facilitates more efficient transfer of strain, driving the formation of the inlet orogen and determining the location of its frontal toe. This toe is further stabilized by upward displacement of the upper crust over the refrigerated section. This upward motion causes thermal weakening of the upper crust as a tectonic aneurysm with the location controlled by the thermally strengthened lower crust. The net result is an ever weakening upper crust that focuses strain creating dramatic

Surveying the Underwater Arcaheological Site of Cape Glaros at Pagasetikos Gulf

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Diamanti, E.; Spondylis, E.; Vlachaki, F.; Kolyva, E.

2017-02-01

The Hellenic Institute of Marine Archaeology (H.I.M.A.)1 has been conducting an underwater archaeological research in the west coast of southern Pagasetikos Gulf, since 2000. Every year the underwater research focuses on specific archaeological targets that have been recovered during previous field campaigns. The current publication elaborates on the comprehensive documentation of the underwater archaeological site at Cape Glaros, during the 2015 field season, under the direction of the archaeologist Elias Spondylis. The 2015 research campaign was conducted within the framework of the ITACA- Innovation Technologies and Applications for Coastal Archaeological sites European Project (FP7/2007-2013, GA No 606805), at two archaeological sites, namely the Cape Glaros and Metohi. It was among the most important challenges of the project to successfully produce the detailed and accurate 3D mapping of the Cape Glaros site that covers an extended area. Four large concentrations of pottery finds and numerous anchors of different typology have been recorded, that can be dated from the late Hellenistic to the Byzantine periods. This challenge was tackled through the simultaneous implementation of three recording methods; photogrammetry, geodesy and conventional architectural mapping. The workflow of the documentation process, including data acquisition, processing and graphic visualization, along with the derived results are presented below. 1The Hellenic Institute of Marine Archaeology (H.I.M.A.) is a private, non-profit organization, founded in 1973, which undertakes maritime archaeological research under the supervision or in collaboration with the Greek Ministry of Culture. It has over 100 members, with diverse academic credentials, all of whom work, mainly, on a voluntary basis. 3D recording of underwater archaeological sites has been applied to numerous projects that have been carried out by the multidisciplinary team of H.I.M.A. in locations of utmost archaeological

Continental Evolution Involving Subduction Underplating and Synchronous Foreland Thrusting: Evidence from the Trans-Alaska Crustal Transect

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fuis, G. S.; Moore, T. E.; Plafker, G.; Brocher, T. M.; Fisher, M. A.; Mooney, W. D.; Nokleberg, W. J.; Page, R. A.; Beaudoin, B. C.; Christensen, N. I.; Levander, A.; Lutter, W. J.; Saltus, R. W.; Ruppert, N. A.

2010-12-01

We investigated the crustal structure and tectonic evolution of the North American continent in Alaska, where the continent has grown through magmatism, accretion, and tectonic underplating. In the 1980’s and early 1990’s, we conducted a geological and geophysical investigation, known as the Trans-Alaska Crustal Transect (TACT), along a 1350-km-long corridor from the Aleutian Trench to the Arctic coast. The most distinctive crustal structures and the deepest Moho along the transect are located near the Pacific and Arctic margins. Near the Pacific margin, we infer a stack of tectonically underplated oceanic layers interpreted to be remnants of the extinct Kula (or Resurrection) Plate. Continental Moho just north of this underplated stack is more than 55 km deep. Near the Arctic margin, the Brooks Range is underlain by north-vergent, crustal-scale duplexes that overlie a ramp on autochthonous North Slope crust. There, Moho has been depressed to nearly 50-km depth. In contrast, the Moho of central Alaska is on average 32 km deep. In the Paleogene, tectonic underplating of Kula- (or Resurrection-) Plate fragments overlapped in time with duplexing in the Brooks Range. Possible tectonic models linking these two widely separated regions include “flat-slab” subduction and an “orogenic-float” model. In the Neogene, the collision of the Yakutat terrane (YAK), in southern Alaska, correlates with renewed compression in northeast Alaska and northwest Canada, in a fashion somewhat similar to the tectonics in the Paleogene. The Yakutat terrane, riding atop the subducting Pacific oceanic lithosphere (POL), spans a newly interpreted tear in the POL. East of the tear, POL is interpreted to subduct steeply and alone beneath the Wrangell arc volcanoes because the overlying YAK has been left behind as tectonically underplated rocks beneath the rising St. Elias Range in the coastal region. West of the tear, the YAK and POL are interpreted to subduct together at a gentle

Airborne Laser Altimetry Measurements of Glacier Wastage in Alaska and NW Canada

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Larsen, C. F.; Hock, R. M.; Arendt, A. A.; Zirnheld, S. L.

2009-12-01

Laser altimetry elevation profiles of glaciers in NW North America (Alaska, Yukon, and NW British Columbia) have been collected by the University of Alaska Geophysical Institute (UAF-GI) beginning in 1993. Since then, more than 200 glaciers throughout NW North America have been measured, many of them multiple times with typical repeat intervals of 3 to 5 years. All of the largest glaciers here have been profiled, including at least some representative glaciers from every major icefield in NW North America. Over 40 glaciers were surveyed again in the summer of 2009, a significant and unusually large annual addition to our database of surface elevation changes. Beginning in August 2009 we flew the surveys using the new UAF-GI swath mapping LiDAR system which records a 0.5 km wide 3-d map of survey points on an approximately 1 m x 1 m grid along the glacier centerlines. Over 40 glaciers and icefields have now been surveyed 3 or more times over the past 15 years, and these regions have been analyzed for changes in their rates of wastage. These regions include the Stikine Icefield of southeast Alaska, the Columbia Glacier, the Bering-Bagley and Seward-Malaspina systems, the Yakutat Icefield, Glacier Bay, the Harding Icefield, and the Alaska Range. Increased melt rates are generally observed over the most recent 3 to 5 year interval when compared to the previous 5 to 10 years, with many glaciers experiencing a factor of two or greater in their recent area-averaged thinning rates. Hypsometry appears to be a significant factor, with those areas that have relatively low average elevation and low accumulation areas showing stronger effects of the accelerated thinning. In particular, those icefields near the Gulf of Alaska coast, such as the Yakutat, Harding and Brady Icefields, are now rapidly wasting. A few areas that have relatively high elevation accumulation areas appear to have steady rates of thinning, such as within the St. Elias Mountains.

Characterization of Dust Emissions from an Actively Retreating Glacier

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

King, J.

2017-12-01

The Kaskawulsh glacier in Yukon, Canada, part of the St. Elias Mountain Glacier system, is experiencing increased ablation from rising air temperatures and in 2016 changed its main fluvial outlet (the Slims River and Kluane Lake) for the first time in over 300 years to drain into the Gulf of Alaska. In the recent earth history, changes in temperature within glaciated valleys have produced large amounts of wind-blown dust, evident in layers of loess within surrounding soils. Mineral aerosols in the atmosphere affect the environment of the earth through their direct effect on solar radiation, modifying cloud processes, and ground insolation, while the deposition of mineral aerosols can provide essential nutrients for ocean and terrestrial productivity. This potential drastic reduction in fluvial inputs into Kluane Lake will result in the rapid exposure of deltaic sediments and extended periods of dust emissions, similar to those suggested to occur during the rapid warming in the early Holocene. This drastic change already starting to occur makes this system an excellent natural laboratory for investigating the impact of dust storms under past and future climates. This research is focused on analyzing the connections between proglacial valley dust emissions and glacier dynamics, within ancient and modern climates. Measurements made directly in the valley of dust emission frequency, local climatological data analysis, and a remote sensing analysis approach in 2016 and 2017, have been combined to provide an insight into the effects that rapid changes in proglacial systems can have on dust dynamics. Strong interdependencies exist between glacier mass and diurnal winds, as well as air temperature and river levels, that combine to control the magnitude and frequency of dust emissions. The methodology utilized in this study could be applied to similar regions to produce estimates of dust emissions where direct measurements are minimal or difficult to attain, and can be fed

The last millennium of Aleutian low variability based on dendrochonolgy and water isotope proxies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gaglioti, B.; Mann, D. H.; Andreu-Hayles, L.; Wiles, G. C.; Streverler, G.; Williams, P.; Field, R. D.; D'Arrigo, R.

2017-12-01

How the wintertime Aleutian Low pressure system (AL) will respond to climate forcing is germane to the forest resources, glaciers, and fisheries in the North Pacific region. Recent work suggests the AL has strengthened over the last few centuries, and new, high-resolution paleo-records could help evaluate this trend. Namely, when it started, whether it has any historical precedents, and what it means for high-latitude climate feedbacks? Our study area is Southeast Alaska and the Southwest Yukon Territory, where the winters are warmer and wetter when the AL is stronger (deeper) and positioned further east. First, we use newly developed winter-sensitive tree-ring records to determine how AL variability has changed over the past 1000 years. During winters with a stronger AL, meridional flow brings: (i) heavy ice storms and snow loads to the coastal mountains that can injure sub-alpine trees; (ii) thaw events that can compromise growth in coastal forests; and (iii) changes in seasonality that can moderate the climate sensitivity of mid-elevation trees. Therefore, a time series of changing tree architecture in the mountains, tree ring widths in the lowlands, and running inter-series correlation in mid-slope chronologies collectively provide a landscape-level view of paleo-AL variability. Second, we compare and complement this dendro perspective with new proxy records based on stable oxygen isotope ratios measured in tree-ring and peat cellulose (d18O cell). To interpret how these proxies reflect the AL, we analyze the precipitation isotopes in Gustavus, Alaska over the past 16 months. We then use d18Ocell time series along a coastal to inland transect that records the degree of heavy-isotope rainout over the St. Elias Mountains, a factor that depends on the sources and pathways of the dominant storm tracks, which are influenced by the AL strength. We will present these new data in the context of existing AL reconstructions, and discuss the implications for the ongoing

Crustal Deformation Rates and Mountain Building In Southern Alaska

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sauber, J.; Pavlis, T.; King, R.

In southern Alaska the northwest directed subduction of the Pacific plate, vp=51mm/yr,isaccompaniedbyaccretionoftheYakutatterranetocontinentalAlaska (va, 33-44mm/yr). The convergence, va, has been accommodated within a deforming zone that becomes increasingly wider and topographically lower from east to west (width, 80 to 120 km; average topographic height, 2500 to 1100m, respectively, Meigs and Sauber, 2000). This systematic change is correlated with an increase in the length of the shallowly dipping segment of the downgoing plate, a divergence of ma- jor upper plate structures, and a decrease in the obliquity of the Pacific plate motion relative to interior Alaska. In the Yakataga and Yakutat segments of the Pacific-North American plate boundary zone of south central Alaska recent crustal shortening and strike-slip faulting occurs offshore in the Gulf of Alaska (1970, MW =6.7; 1987-1988, MS = 6.9, 7.6, 7.6) and onshore in the Chugach-St. Elias mountains (1979, MS = 7.2). Prior great earthquakes in the region occurred in 1899 (MW = 8.1, Yakataga; MW = 8.1, Yakutat Bay). We have used GPS observations made between 1993 and 2001 to estimate short-term deformation rates. For coastal sites the horizontal defor- mation rate and orientation range from 26 to 36 mm/yr at N30-43W and the vertical uplift rates range from 6 to 23 mm/yr. Further inland above the down-dip portion of the locked zone the rate decreases to 8-15 mm/yr and the orientation is N15-26W. Fi- nite element modeling was used to calculate deformation rates and stresses associated with a shallow locked zone ( 40 km) and with ice mass fluctuations. If the elastic strain accumulated on the locked plate interface since the two 1899 earthquakes was seismically released on a single fault, it would correspond to a M 8.0 earthquake.

Two Novel Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Mobile Apps for Agoraphobia: Randomized Controlled Trial.

PubMed

Christoforou, Marina; Sáez Fonseca, José Andrés; Tsakanikos, Elias

2017-11-24

://www.webcitation.org/6uR5vsdZw). ©Marina Christoforou, José Andrés Sáez Fonseca, Elias Tsakanikos. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (http://www.jmir.org), 24.11.2017.

Influence of Rostral Fluid Shift on Upper Airway Size and Mucosal Water Content

PubMed Central

Kasai, Takatoshi; Motwani, Shveta S.; Elias, Rosilene M.; Gabriel, Joseph M.; Taranto Montemurro, Luigi; Yanagisawa, Naotake; Spiller, Neil; Paul, Narinder; Bradley, T. Douglas

2014-01-01

Study Objective: Fluid displacement from the legs during recumbency while in bed might narrow the upper airway (UA) in association with nuchal fluid accumulation that may contribute to the pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that rostral fluid displacement from the legs causes a greater decrease in UA cross-sectional area (UA-XSA) and a greater increase in UA mucosal water content (UA-MWC) and internal jugular venous volume (IJVVol) in subjects with OSA than in those without OSA. Methods: Subjects underwent baseline assessment of leg fluid volume (LFV) measured by bio-electrical impedance, as well as UA-XSA and UA-MWC by magnetic resonance imaging. They were then randomly assigned to a 20-min period either with or without application of lower body positive pressure (LBPP) of 40 mm Hg, followed by a 15-min washout period, after which they crossed over to the other arm of the study. Measurements of LFV, UA-MWC, and UA-XSA were repeated after each arm of the study. Results: In 12 subjects without sleep apnea, UA-XSA increased and UA-MWC decreased significantly, whereas in 12 subjects with OSA, UA-XSA decreased and UA-MWC increased significantly in response to LBPP. The changes in UA-XSA and UA-MWC in response to LBPP differed significantly between the 2 groups (p = 0.006 and p < 0.001, respectively), despite similar changes in LFV and IJVVol. Conclusions: Our results suggest that rostral fluid shift may contribute to the pathogenesis of OSA at least partly through narrowing of the UA due to transudation of fluid into the UA mucosa. Citation: Kasai T, Motwani SS, Elias RM, Gabriel JM, Taranto Montemurro L, Yanagisawa N, Spiller N, Paul N, Bradley TD. Influence of rostral fluid shift on upper airway size and mucosal water content. J Clin Sleep Med 2014;10(10):1069-1074. PMID:25317087

Risk factors associated with hypogonadism in β-thalassemia major patients: predictors for a frequent complication of a rare disease.

PubMed

Albu, Alice; Barbu, Carmen Gabriela; Antonie, Lavinia; Vladareanu, Florentina; Fica, Simona

2014-09-01

β-Thalassemia major (BTM) is a rare disease that challenges clinicians because of the high prevalence of complications despite progress in the development of new therapeutic methods. The aim of this study was to identify clinical and hematological parameters associated with hypogonadism, the most frequent iron overload-related complication found in Romanian patients. Patients with BTM were evaluated in the Endocrinology Department of Elias Hospital between February 2004 and December 2013. Only patients who provided written informed consent were included in the study. A complete physical and hormonal evaluation was performed on all patients, and data regarding treatment of the hematological disease were collected. Of the evaluable patients, 85 were included in the study (median age, 21[10] years; range, 13-36 years). We found that 30.6% of the study participants (26 of 85) had normal gonadal status, 54.1% (46 of 85) had early forms of hypogonadism (delayed or arrested puberty), and 15.3% (n = 13) developed hypogonadism after complete sexual maturation. Patients with any form of hypogonadism were older (median age 22 vs 16.5 years, P = 0.047), had significantly lower average hemoglobin levels (P = 0.003), and had higher levels of serum ferritin (P = 0.006) versus patients without hypogonadism. Patients with delayed puberty were associated with increased average serum ferritin levels (P = 0.007), decreased hemoglobin levels (P = 0.001), and increased age at initiation of iron chelation therapy (P < 0.01). We found no significant differences between patients with early forms of hypogonadism and those with hypogonadism after complete sexual maturation, with respect to the analyzed parameters. Patients with adult hypogonadism were significantly older (median age 26 vs 16.5 years, P = 0.007) and tended to have higher serum ferritin levels (P = 0.056) compared with patients without hypogonadism. Our data show that hypogonadism is highly prevalent among Romanian patients

"Effects of Stress on Decisions Under Uncertainty: A Meta-Analysis": Correction to Starcke and Brand (2016).

PubMed

2016-09-01

Reports an error in "Effects of Stress on Decisions Under Uncertainty: A Meta-Analysis" by Katrin Starcke and Matthias Brand ( Psychological Bulletin , Advanced Online Publication, May 23, 2016, np). It should have been reported that the inverted u-shaped relationship between cortisol stress responses and decision-making performance was only observed in female, but not in male participants as suggested by the study by van den Bos, Harteveld, and Stoop (2009). Corrected versions of the affected sentences are provided. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2016-25465-001.) The purpose of the present meta-analysis was to quantify the effects that stress has on decisions made under uncertainty. We hypothesized that stress increases reward seeking and risk taking through alterations of dopamine firing rates and reduces executive control by hindering optimal prefrontal cortex functioning. In certain decision situations, increased reward seeking and risk taking is dysfunctional, whereas in others, this is not the case. We also assumed that the type of stressor plays a role. In addition, moderating variables are analyzed, such as the hormonal stress response, the time between stress onset and decisions, and the participants' age and gender. We included studies in the meta-analysis that investigated decision making after a laboratory stress-induction versus a control condition (k = 32 datasets, N = 1829 participants). A random-effects model revealed that overall, stress conditions lead to decisions that can be described as more disadvantageous, more reward seeking, and more risk taking than nonstress conditions (d = .17). In those situations in which increased reward seeking and risk taking is disadvantageous, stress had significant effects (d = .26), whereas in other situations, no effects were observed (d = .01). Effects were observed under processive stressors (d = .19), but not under systemic ones (d = .09). Moderation analyses did not

Development, Usability, and Efficacy of a Serious Game to Help Patients Learn About Pain Management After Surgery: An Evaluation Study.

PubMed

Ingadottir, Brynja; Blondal, Katrin; Thue, David; Zoega, Sigridur; Thylen, Ingela; Jaarsma, Tiny

2017-05-10

strategies improved after playing the game (P=.001). A computer game can be an efficient method of learning about pain management; it has the potential to improve knowledge and is appreciated by users. To assess the game's usability and efficacy in the context of preparation for surgery, an evaluation with a larger sample, including surgical patients and older people, is required. ©Brynja Ingadottir, Katrin Blondal, David Thue, Sigridur Zoega, Ingela Thylen, Tiny Jaarsma. Originally published in JMIR Serious Games (http://games.jmir.org), 10.05.2017.

Glacially-derived overpressure in the northeastern Alaskan subduction zone: combined tomographic and morphometric analysis of shallow sediments on the Yakutat shelf and slope, Gulf of Alaska

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Clary, W. A.; Worthington, L. L.; Scuderi, L. A.; Daigle, H.; Swartz, J. M.

2017-12-01

The Pamplona zone fold and thrust belt is the offshore expression of convergence and shallow subduction of the Yakutat microplate beneath North America in the northeastern Alaska subduction zone. The combination of convergent tectonics and glaciomarine sedimentary processes create patterns of deformation and deposition resulting in a shallow sedimentary sequence with varying compaction, fluid pressure, and fault activity. We propose that velocity variations observed in our tomographic analysis represent long-lived fluid overpressure due to loading by ice sheets and sediments. Regions with bathymetric and stratigraphic evidence of recent ice sheets and associated sedimentation should be collocated with evidence of overpressure (seismic low velocity zones) in the shallow sediments. Here, we compare a velocity model with shelf seismic stratigraphic facies and modern seafloor morphology. To document glacially derived morphology we use high resolution bathymetry to identify channel and gully networks on the western Yakutat shelf-slope then analyze cross-channel shape indices across the study area. We use channel shape index measurements as a proxy of recent ice-proximal sedimentation based on previously published results that proposed a close correlation. Profiles taken at many locations were fitted with a power function and assigned a shape - U-shape channels likely formed proximal to recent ice advances. Detailed velocity models were created by a combination of streamer tomography and pre-stack depth migration velocities with seismic data including: a 2008 R/V Langseth dataset from the St. Elias Erosion and Tectonics Project (STEEP); and a 2004 high-resolution R/V Ewing dataset. Velocity-porosity-permeability relationships developed using IODP Expedition 341 drilling data inform interpretation and physical properties analyses of the shallow sediments. Initial results from a 35 km profile extending SE seaward of the Bering glacier and subparallel to the Bering trough

Core-Log-Seismic investigations of the Surveyor Fan and Channel system during the Pleistocene; IODP Exp. 341

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Somchat, K.; Reece, R.; Gulick, S. P. S.

2017-12-01

The Chugach-St. Elias mountain range is the product of the ongoing subduction and collision of the Yakutat microplate with the North America Plate. The presence of this high topography close to the shoreline creates a unique source-to-sink system in which glacial eroded sediment is transported directly to the sea and preserved offshore in a deep sea fan without intervening storage. Surveyor Fan and Channel system is the product of this system. In this study we will focus on the four tributary channels that form at the head of the Surveyor Channel complex and merge into the main channel trunk 200 km from the shelf edge. We integrated drill core and 2D seismic reflection data to study the evolution of these tributaries in order to decipher glacial history along the southern Alaskan margin since the mid-Pleistocene (1.2 Ma). An age model from Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 341 Site U1418 provides a higher resolution chronology of sediment delivery to the Surveyor Fan than previous studies. We regionally mapped the seismic subunits previously identified by Exp. 341 scientists starting from Site U1418 and analyzed regional patterns of sediment deposition. Channel migrations are observable between 1.2-0.5 Ma which could be the result of increasing glacial ice volume onshore due to onset of the MPT. Two-way travel time (isopach) maps of the three subunits show that sediment depocenter began to move eastward since 1.2 Ma with a trend of overall sediment flux increase in all tributary channels. Changes in sediment flux in each system represent the changes in volume of glacial ice over successive glacial intervals. Additionally, seismic analysis of channel geomorphology shows that each system contains distinct geomorphological evolutions that respond to the glacially eroded sediment flux at different times. Since glacial erosional processes is the driver of this source-to-sink system, a history of glacial ice onshore since the Pleistocene can be inferred from

Ert Applied to the Characterization of Subsidence in Mexico City: Ancient Structures Affecting Urban Utilities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Arango, C.; Chavez, R. E.; Cifuentes-Nava, G.; Hernández-Quintero, E.

2013-05-01

The problem of subsidence in Mexico City is basically due to the rapid extraction of groundwater for water supply in addition to the geological conditions. The most typical manifestations of the phenomena are presented as cracks and fractures due to compaction of ancient lake clayish sediments. This phenomenon has caused major affectations to city infrastructure because of the differential subsidence. Fractured buildings, sinkholes, among others manifestations, are potentially sources of collapses, which exposes the population to a serious risk. A small portion of Iztacalco County is being affected by this problem, specifically, in a crossroad formed by two important avenues: La Viga and Plutarco Elias Calles, where the area apparently increases its topographical level. The Electrical Resistivity Tomography technique was selected in order to obtain a resistivity image of the subsoil, which allows identify the main features associated to the terrain uprising. Three (ERT) profiles 200 m, were deployed on the mentioned crossroad in order to characterize the subsurface structures affecting the topographical level of the avenues. A big resistivity anomaly (~ 1000 ohm-m) could be observed towards the central part of the crossroad, coinciding with the major lifting level on surface. This feature appears at 15 m deep in all the profiles and depicts an approximate extension of 100 m in the E-W direction and 60 m in N-S axis. On the other hand, the surrounding material seems to correspond to a higher-saturated environment (lacustrine sediments <10 ohm-m). Shallow anomalies were also detected related to urban artifacts (pipes, sewers, etcetera). The apparently terrain uprising can be associated to a differential subsidence. However, the mentioned avenues were ancient water channels since pre-Hispanic times, where the caudal was enough to allow small steam boating at late nineteenth century. These waterways served as main routes for the exchange of goods during colonial times

Is proglacial field an important contributor to runoff in glacierized watershed? Lesson learned from a case study in Duke River watershed, Yukon, Canada.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chesnokova, A.; Baraer, M.

2017-12-01

Sub-Arctic glacierized catchments are complex hydrological systems of paramount importance not only for water resources management but also for various ecosystem services. Those areas are environmentally fragile and host many climate-sensitive components of hydrological cycle. In a context of shifting from glacial to non-glacial regimes in Sub-Arctic, this study focuses on understanding hydrological role of proglacial field in runoff generation in headwaters of Duke River watershed, Canada, by comparing to that of alpine meadow (area that is not recently reworked by glacier). Duke Glacier, as many glaciers in St. Elias Mountains, is a surging glacier, and produced debris-charged dead-ice masses once the last surge has seized. In addition, such features as ice-cored moraines and taluses are found in proglacial field. Those features are hypothesised to cause high storage capacity and complex groundwater distribution systems which might affect significantly watershed hydrology. In order to estimate the contribution of different components of the alpine meadow and the proglacial field to runoff, HBCM, a multi-component distributed hydrochemical mixing model (Baraer et al., 2015) was applied. During field campaign in June 2016, 157 samples were taken from possible hydrological sources (end-members) and from main stream, and analysed for major ions, dissolved organic compounds and heavy stable water isotopes. End-members contribution was quantified based on tracer concentration at mixing points. Discharge was measured 6 km downstream from the glacier snout so that both proglacial field and alpine meadow occupy comparable areas of the catchment. Results show the difference between main water sources for the two hydrological systems: buried ice, ice-cored moraines and groundwater sources within proglacial field, and groundwater and supra-permafrost water within alpine meadow. Overall contribution of glaciers during June 2016 exceeded the contribution of the rest of the

America's First Carl Sagan: Ormsby MacKnight Mitchel, Pre-Civil War Astronomer and Lecturer on the Cosmos

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Osterbrock, D. E.

2002-12-01

In the years before television, videos, radio. movies, or even loudspeakers, Ormsby MacKnight Mitchel (1809-1862) was the best-known popularizer of astronomy and the scientific study of the universe in nineteenth-century America. Each winter he traveled the country by railroad, steamer, and stagecoach, speaking to large paying crowds in principal cities from Boston, New York, and Philadelphia through Cincinnati to New Orleans on the cosmos and our place in it, with special attention to possible inhabitants of planers orbiting other stars. Mitchel had much the same attraction as Sagan did in our time, and awakened many people's interest in astronomy through the human angle, as Carl did. His argument was simple, and according to Frank Triplett goes back thousands of years: other stars are suns, our sun has planets with people on one of them, why should not other stars also have populated planets? But first Mitchel, like Sagan, always explained clearly the discoveries of astronomy that fleshed out this argument with facts. He emphasized the ``clockwork universe", governed by gravity, that Newton, Herschel, and Laplace had investigated and found to be stable. There were many other similarities between these two great popularizers. Mitchel's base was the Cincinnati Observatory, which he had founded, raising the funds for it himself in small contributions from hundreds of ``members", which he publicised as far more democratic than support from European kings and lords. He went abroad to get a telescope, and finally found his ``Great [12-inch] Refractor" in Munich, with help from John Quincy Adams, Astronomer Royal George Biddle Airy, and Paris Observatory Director Fracois Arago, in spite of a rebuff by President John Tyler. These episodes have similarities in Sagan's lobbying NASA for close-up images of Mars. Views of other American professional astronomers on life on other worlds will also be described briefly, from Denison Olmsted, Elias Loomis, Charles A. Young (who

Evaluating Precipitation Elevation Gradients in the Alaska Range using Ice Core and Alpine Weather Station Records

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

McConnell, E.; Osterberg, E. C.; Winski, D.; Kreutz, K. J.; Wake, C. P.; Campbell, S. W.; Ferris, D. G.; Birkel, S. D.

2016-12-01

Precipitation in Alaska is sensitive to the Aleutian Low (ALow) pressure system and North Pacific sea-surface temperatures, as shown by the increase in Alaskan sub-Arctic precipitation associated with the 1976 shift to the positive phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). Precipitation in the high-elevation accumulation zones of Alaskan alpine glaciers provides critical mass input for glacial mass balance, which has been declining in recent decades from warmer summer temperatures despite the winter precipitation increase. Twin >1500-year ice cores collected from the summit plateau of Mount Hunter in Denali National Park, Alaska show a remarkable doubling of annual snow accumulation over the past 150 years, with most of the change observed in the winter. Other alpine ice cores collected from the Alaska and Saint Elias ranges show similar snowfall increases over recent decades. However, although Alaskan weather stations at low elevation recorded a 7-38% increase in winter precipitation across the 1976 PDO transition, this increase is not as substantial as that recorded in the Mt. Hunter ice core. Weather stations at high-elevation alpine sites are comparatively rare, and reasons for the enhanced precipitation trends at high elevation in Alaska remain unclear. Here we use Automatic Weather Station data from the Mt. Hunter drill site (3,900 m a.s.l) and from nearby Denali climber's Base Camp (2,195 m a.s.l.) to evaluate the relationships between alpine and lowland Alaskan precipitation on annual, seasonal, and storm-event temporal scales from 2008-2016. Both stations are located on snow and have sonic snow depth sounders to record daily precipitation. We focus on the role of variable ALow and North Pacific High strength in influencing Alaskan precipitation elevational gradients, particularly in association with the extreme 2015-2016 El Niño event, the 2009-2010 moderate El Niño event, and the 2010-2011 moderate La Niña event. Our analysis will improve our

Active Tectonics of the Far North Pacific Observed with GPS

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Elliott, J.; Freymueller, J. T.; Jiang, Y.; Leonard, L. J.; Hyndman, R. D.; Mazzotti, S.

2017-12-01

The idea that the tectonics of the northeastern Pacific is defined by relatively discrete deformation along the boundary between the Pacific and North American plates has given way to a more complex picture of broad plate boundary zones and distributed deformation. This is due in large part to the Plate Boundary Observatory and several focused GPS studies, which have greatly increased the density of high-quality GPS data throughout the region. We will present an updated GPS velocity field in a consistent reference frame as well as a new, integrated block model that sheds light on regional tectonics and provides improved estimates of motion along faults and their potential seismic hazard. Crustal motions in southern Alaska are strongly influenced by the collision and flat-slab subduction of the Yakutat block along the central Gulf of Alaska margin. In the area nearest to the collisional front, small blocks showing evidence of internal deformation are required. East of the front, block motions show clockwise rotation into the Canadian Cordillera while west of the front there are counterclockwise rotations that extend along the Alaska forearc, suggesting crustal extrusion. Farther from the convergent margin, the crust appears to move as rigid blocks, with uniform motion over large areas. In western Alaska, block motions show a southwesterly rotation into the Bering Sea. Arctic Alaska displays southeasterly motions that gradually transition into easterly motion in Canada. Much of the southeastern Alaska panhandle and coastal British Columbia exhibit northwesterly motions. Although the relative plate motions are mainly accommodated along major faults systems, including the Fairweather-Queen Charlotte transform system, the St. Elias fold-and-thrust belt, the Denali-Totschunda system, and the Alaska-Aleutian subduction zone, a number of other faults accommodate lesser but still significant amounts of motion in the model. These faults include the eastern Denali/Duke River

Crustal Structure of the Yakutat Microplate: New Constraints for Understanding the Evolution of Subduction and Collision in southern Alaska

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Worthington, L. L.; van Avendonk, H. J.; Gulick, S. P.; Christeson, G. L.; Pavlis, T. L.

2010-12-01

Flat-slab subduction and accretion of the Yakutat (YAK) microplate in southern Alaska characterizes the most recent iteration in the process of terrane accretion that has built the tectonic assemblage of the Canada-Alaska Cordillera since the Mesozoic. Despite the potentially pivotal role of the Yakutat collision in the evolution and deformation of the North American Cordillera, major questions regarding locations of active faults and velocity structure and thickness of the Yakutat block itself have gone unanswered. We present results of a 2008 marine seismic reflection/refraction survey acquired as part of the St. Elias Erosion and Tectonics Project (STEEP), a multi-disciplinary NSF-Continental Dynamics project aimed at structural evolution and geodynamics related to the YAK collision. An onshore-offshore wide-angle refraction profile shows YAK crustal thickness ranging from ~15 km near the Bering Glacier to ~35 km east of the Dangerous River Zone (DRZ), with calculated lower crustal velocities potentially >7km/s. Crustal velocity and structure are continuous across the DRZ on the YAK shelf, which is historically described as a vertical boundary between continental crust on the east and oceanic basement on the west. Instead, we observe a gradual shallowing of elevated crustal velocities associated with a basement high observed on coincident marine reflection data near the DRZ. Crustal velocity and thicknesses are comparable to the Kerguelen oceanic plateau and the Siletz terrane, thus supporting the oceanic plateau theory for the origin of the YAK microplate. The observed variable crustal thickness indicates that the YAK slab may be slightly wedge-shaped, thinning in the direction of subduction. The thickest portion of the offshore YAK is entering the orogen near the eastern syntaxis, where the Fairweather fault system encounters a restraining bend as its orientation changes from north-south to east-west. It follows that observations of elevated exhumation rates

Rock uplift above the subduction megathrust at Montague and Hinchinbrook Islands, Prince William Sound, Alaska

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ferguson, Kelly M.

Deformation related to the transition from strike-slip to convergent slip during flat-slab subduction of the Yakutat microplate has resulted in regions of focused rock uplift and exhumation. In the St. Elias and Chugach Mountains, faulting related to transpressional processes and bending of fault systems coupled with enhanced glacial erosion causes rapid exhumation. Underplating below the syntaxial bend farther west in the Chugach Mountains and central Prince William Sound causes focused, but less rapid, exhumation. Farther south in the Prince William Sound, plate boundary deformation transitions from strike-slip to nearly full convergence in the Montague Island and Hinchinbrook Island region, which is ˜20 km above the megathrust between the Yakutat microplate and overriding North American Plate. Montague and Hinchinbrook Islands are narrow, elongate, and steep, with a structural grain formed by several megathrust fault splays, some of which slipped during the 1964 M9.2 earthquake. Presented here are 32 new apatite (U-Th)/He (AHe) and 28 new apatite fission-track (AFT) ages from the Montague and Hinchinbrook Island regions. Most AHe ages are <5 Ma, with some as young as 1.1 Ma. AHe ages are youngest at the southwest end of Montague Island, where maximum fault displacement occurred on the Hanning Bay and Patton Bay faults during the 1964 earthquake. AFT ages range from ˜5 Ma to ˜20 Ma and are also younger at the SW end of Montague Island. These ages and corresponding exhumation rates indicate that the Montague and Hinchinbrook Island region is a narrow zone of intense deformation probably related to duplex thrusting along one or more megathrust fault splays. I interpret the rates of rock uplift and exhumation to have increased in the last ˜5 My, especially at the southwest end of the island system and farthest from the region dominated by strike-slip and transpressional deformation to the northeast. The narrow band of deformation along these islands likely

Tanzania Health Information Technology (T-HIT) System: Pilot Test of a Tablet-Based System to Improve Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV.

PubMed

Bull, Sheana; Thomas, Deborah Sk; Nyanza, Elias C; Ngallaba, Sospatro E

2018-01-15

compared with a traditional system of paper logs, suggesting potential for improvements in antenatal care for women at risk for HIV. ©Sheana Bull, Deborah SK Thomas, Elias C Nyanza, Sospatro E Ngallaba. Originally published in JMIR Mhealth and Uhealth (http://mhealth.jmir.org), 15.01.2018.

Uncertainty in Estimates of Net Seasonal Snow Accumulation on Glaciers from In Situ Measurements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pulwicki, A.; Flowers, G. E.; Radic, V.

2017-12-01

Accurately estimating the net seasonal snow accumulation (or "winter balance") on glaciers is central to assessing glacier health and predicting glacier runoff. However, measuring and modeling snow distribution is inherently difficult in mountainous terrain, resulting in high uncertainties in estimates of winter balance. Our work focuses on uncertainty attribution within the process of converting direct measurements of snow depth and density to estimates of winter balance. We collected more than 9000 direct measurements of snow depth across three glaciers in the St. Elias Mountains, Yukon, Canada in May 2016. Linear regression (LR) and simple kriging (SK), combined with cross correlation and Bayesian model averaging, are used to interpolate estimates of snow water equivalent (SWE) from snow depth and density measurements. Snow distribution patterns are found to differ considerably between glaciers, highlighting strong inter- and intra-basin variability. Elevation is found to be the dominant control of the spatial distribution of SWE, but the relationship varies considerably between glaciers. A simple parameterization of wind redistribution is also a small but statistically significant predictor of SWE. The SWE estimated for one study glacier has a short range parameter (90 m) and both LR and SK estimate a winter balance of 0.6 m w.e. but are poor predictors of SWE at measurement locations. The other two glaciers have longer SWE range parameters ( 450 m) and due to differences in extrapolation, SK estimates are more than 0.1 m w.e. (up to 40%) lower than LR estimates. By using a Monte Carlo method to quantify the effects of various sources of uncertainty, we find that the interpolation of estimated values of SWE is a larger source of uncertainty than the assignment of snow density or than the representation of the SWE value within a terrain model grid cell. For our study glaciers, the total winter balance uncertainty ranges from 0.03 (8%) to 0.15 (54%) m w

Sediments Exposed by Drainage of a Collapsing Glacier-Dammed Lake Show That Contemporary Summer Temperatures and Glacier Retreat Exceed the Medieval Warm Period in Southern Alaska

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Loso, M. G.; Anderson, R. S.; Anderson, S. P.; Reimer, P. J.

2007-12-01

In the mountains of southcentral Alaska, recent and widespread glacier retreat is well-documented, but few instrumental or proxy records of temperature are available to place recent changes in a long-term context. The Medieval Warm Period in particular, is poorly documented because subsequent Little Ice Age glacier advances destroyed much of the existing sedimentary record. In a rare exception, sudden and unexpected catastrophic drainage of a previously stable glacier-dammed lake recently revealed lacustrine stratigraphy that spans over 1500 years. Located near the Bagley Icefield in Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve, Iceberg Lake first drained in A.D. 1999 and has not regained a stable shoreline since that time. Rapid incision of the exposed lakebed provided subaerial exposure of annual laminations (varves, confirmed by radiogenic evidence) that record continuous sediment deposition from A.D. 442 to A.D. 1998. We present a recalculated master chronology of varve thickness that combines measurements from several sites within the former lake. Varve thickness in this chronology is positively correlated with northern hemisphere temperature trends and also with a local, ~600 year long tree ring width chronology. Varve thickness increases in warm summers because of higher melt, runoff, and sediment transport, and also because shrinkage of the glacier dam allows shoreline regression that concentrates sediment in the smaller lake. Relative to the entire record, varve thicknesses and implied summer temperatures were lowest around A.D. 600, high between A.D. 1000 and A.D. 1300, low between A.D. 1500 and A.D 1850, and highest in the late 20th century. Combined with stratigraphic evidence that contemporary jokulhlaups are unprecedented since at least A.D. 442, this record suggests that late 20th century warming was more intense, and accompanied by more extensive glacier retreat, than the Medieval Warm Period or any other time in the last 1500 years. We emphasize

Extreme QCD 2012 (xQCD)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

2013-04-01

Acknowledgements This conference would not have been possible without the generous support from Brookhaven National Laboratory and the George Washington University INS and IMPACT institutes, Columbian College of Arts and Sciences, the Office of Vice-President for Research, and the Department of Physics. We thank them wholeheartedly. We are also very grateful for the support of our colleagues on the local organizing committee, Walter Freeman and Frank Lee, and on the International Advisory Committee: Simon Hands, Tetsuo Hatsuda, Frithjof Karsch, Maria Paola Lombardo, Tereza Mendes, Atsushi Nakamura, Owe Philipsen, Claudia Ratti, Paul Romatschke, Misha Stephanov, and Nu Xu. List of participants Alexandru, Andrei George Washington University Bazavov, Alexei Brookhaven National Laboratory Bloch, Jacques University of Regensburg Braun-Munzinger, Peter EMMI, GSI Breto Rangel, Guillermo CMS/UC Davis D'Elia, Massimo University of Pisa, INFN Dexheimer, Veronica UFSC - Federal University of Santa Catarina Ding, Heng-Tong Brookhaven National Laboratory Dion, Alan Stony Brook University Dumitru, Adrian RBRC and Baruch College, CUNY Freeman, Walter George Washington University Gavai, Rajiv Tata Institute (TIFR), Mumbai Hanada, Masanori KEK Theory Center Hands, Simon Swansea University Hegde, Prasad Brookhaven National Laboratory Heinke, Craig University of Alberta Horvath, Ivan University of Kentucky Karsch, Frithjof Brookhaven National Laboratory Krieg, Stefan Wuppertal University Lattimer, James Stony Brook University Lee, Frank George Washington University Li, Anyi Institute for Nuclear Theory Liu, Keh-Fei University of Kentucky Lombardo, Maria Paola INFN - LNF Lottini, Stefano Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main Maezawa, Yu Brookhaven National Laboratory Miura, Kohtaroh Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati - INFN Monnai, Akihiko The University of Tokyo Mukherjee, Swagato Brookhaven National Laboratory Myers, Joyce University of Groningen Nakamura, Atsushi RIISE, Hiroshima

The Distribution and Abundance of Mercury Methylating Microorganisms in Mid-Atlantic Wetlands

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Santillan, E. F. U.; Gilmour, C. C.; Schwartz, G.; Christensen, G. A.; King, A. J.; Elias, D. A.

2015-12-01

The discovery of the genes responsible for microbial methylmercury production, hgcAB, has led to the identification of novel Hg methylators with diverse metabolisms including Fe and SO42- reducing bacteria, syntrophs, and methanogens. We recently developed DNA probes for hgcA in each group of methylators: Deltaproteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Archaea [Christensen, 2015]. In this study, we use the probes to determine quantity and distribution of hgcA+ organisms in mid-Atlantic marshes and sediments, and in Hg-contaminated wetland soils. We also analyze hgcA distribution over a 28-day soil slurry experiment designed to evaluate the impact of activated carbon on Hg methylation and demethylation [Gilmour, 2015]. Initial soils show Deltaproteobacteria comprise most hgcA+ organisms. Methanogens encompass >45% of the remaining methylators. The addition of SO42- to induce SO42- reducing conditions in slurries caused the number of hgcA+ Deltaproteobacteria to increase and the number of hgcA+ methanogens to decrease to >32%. In soils and slurries, Firmicutes were below detection, suggesting our Firmicute primers are either unrepresentative in natural samples, or that hgcA+ Firmicutes are rare. This observation is interesting as Firmicutes include organisms with divergent metabolisms, and their role in environmental methylation is still unknown. Slurries also show no correlation between hgcA abundance and Hg concentrations. We now plan to explore how hgcA abundance relates to Hg-methylation and electron acceptor availability. Our results offer initial insights into the natural distribution of hgcA, supporting the idea that the distribution of different methylators is related to electron acceptors and redox chemistry. Christensen, G., Wymore, AM, King, A, Pdar, M, Hurt Jur, RA, Santillan, EFU, Gilmour, CC, Brandt, CC, Brown, SD, Palumbo, AV, Elias, DA (2015), A Study of Mercury Methylation Genetics: Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of hgcAB in Pure Culture, paper presented

PREFACE: IC-MSQUARE 2012: International Conference on Mathematical Modelling in Physical Sciences

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kosmas, Theocharis; Vagenas, Elias; Vlachos, Dimitrios

2013-02-01

like to thank the members of the International Scientific Committee and the members of the Organizing Committee. Conference Chairmen Theocharis Kosmas Department of Physics, University of Ioannina Elias Vagenas RCAAM, Academy of Athens Dimitrios Vlachos Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Peloponnese The PDF also contains a list of members of the International Scientific Committes and details of the Keynote and Invited Speakers.

Constraints on the age and provenance of the Chugach accretionary complex from detrital zircons in the Sitka Graywacke near Sitka, Alaska

USGS Publications Warehouse

Haeussler, Peter J.; Gehrels, George E.; Karl, Susan M.

2006-01-01

Graywacke implies that it lay to the south when it was deposited and offscraped. Thus, although source areas as far north as the St. Elias Mountains and south-central Alaska are possible, they were most likely in coastal and interior British Columbia.

Teleseismic P and S wave attenuation constraints on temperature and melt of the upper mantle in the Alaska Subduction Zone.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Soto Castaneda, R. A.; Abers, G. A.; Eilon, Z.; Christensen, D. H.

2017-12-01

Recent broadband deployments in Alaska provide an excellent opportunity to advance our understanding of the Alaska-Aleutians subduction system, with implications for subduction processes worldwide. Seismic attenuation, measured from teleseismic body waves, provides a strong constraint on thermal structure as well as an indirect indication of ground shaking expected from large intermediate-depth earthquakes. We measure P and S wave attenuation from pairwise amplitude and phase spectral ratios for teleseisms recorded at 204 Transportable Array, Alaska Regional, and Alaska Volcano Observatory, SALMON (Southern Alaska Lithosphere & Mantle Observation Network) and WVLF (Wrangell Volcanics & subducting Lithosphere Fate) stations in central Alaska. The spectral ratios are inverted in a least squares sense for differential t* (path-averaged attenuation operator) and travel time anomalies at every station. Our preliminary results indicate a zone of low attenuation across the forearc and strong attenuation beneath arc and backarc in the Cook Inlet-Kenai region where the Aleutian-Yakutat slab subducts, similar to other subduction zones. This attenuation differential is observed in both the volcanic Cook Inlet segment and amagmatic Denali segments of the Aleutian subduction zone. By comparison, preliminary results for the Wrangell-St. Elias region past the eastern edge of the Aleutian slab show strong attenuation beneath the Wrangell Volcanic Field, as well as much further south than in the Cook Inlet-Kenai region. This pattern of attenuation seems to indicate a short slab fragment in the east of the subduction zone, though the picture is complex. Results also suggest the slab may focus or transmit energy with minimal attenuation, adding to the complexity. To image the critical transition between the Alaska-Aleutian slab and the region to its east, we plan to incorporate new broadband data from the WVLF array, an ongoing deployment of 37 PASSCAL instruments installed in 2016

Timing and Rate of Deglaciation of the MIS 2 Cordilleran Ice Sheet in Yukon Territory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ward, B. C.; Bond, J. D.; Gosse, J. C.; Turner, D. G.

2015-12-01

The northern Cordilleran ice sheet (CIS) consisted of a series of quasi-independent ice lobes that coalesced during the last glacial maximum (LGM) to form a continuous carapace of precipitation limited ice over southern Yukon. Variations in effective precipitation to different source areas of these ice lobes have been used to explain disparities in glacier extents in marine oxygen isotope stages (MIS) 4 and 6. Deglaciation of the northern margin of the CIS and its rate of recession from the LGM are poorly understood. We use cosmogenic nuclide exposure dating (10Be and 36Cl) on groups of 3-4 glacial erratics to reconstruct the timing and rate of deglaciation. Our sampling concentrated on the St. Elias, Cassiar and Selwyn lobes, as well an independent glacier from the Ogilvie Mountains. Boulders sampled up-ice from terminal moraines show that the initiation of deglaciation varied regionally. 36Cl ages from the Ogilvie Mountains indicate that deglaciation initiated by 24.8 ka. Further south in the Selwyn Lobe, two sites separated by ~150 km returned ages of 15.2 and 16.1 ka. To the south-west, three boulders from the Cassiar Lobe are 13.6 ka. Rates of deglaciation are best constrained for the Cassiar Lobe with two transects along different flow lines. Multiple valley bottom samples in the mid-deglaciation setting at Whitehorse yielded ages of 12.0 ka, while one boulder from the adjacent ridge top 600 m above is 13.5 ka. In the accumulation zone, ice-free conditions occurred by 10.8 ka. The other transect has higher elevation samples in a mid-deglaciation setting in the Pelly Mountains that indicate deglaciation occurred by 13.0 ka. Samples taken from high elevation and valley bottom sites close to accumulation zones of the Cassiar Lobe yielded ages of 13.6 and 11.0 ka, respectively. These results provide a chronology for the style of deglaciation interpreted from regional mapping throughout Yukon: gradual initial retreat and thinning marked by moraines, followed by

Dynamics and internal structure of an Alaskan debris-covered glacier from repeat airborne photogrammetry and surface geophysics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Holt, John; Levy, Joseph; Petersen, Eric; Larsen, Chris; Fahnestock, Mark

2016-04-01

Debris-covered glaciers and rock glaciers encompass a range of compositions and activity, and can be useful paleoclimate indicators. They also respond differently to ongoing climate change than glaciers without a protective cover. Their flow dynamics are not well understood, and their unique surface morphologies, including lobate fronts and arcuate ridges, likely result from viscous flow influenced by a combination of composition, structure, and climatic factors. However, basic connections between flow kinematics and surface morphology have not yet been established, limiting our ability to understand these features. In order to begin to address this problem we have undertaken airborne and surface studies of multiple debris-covered glaciers in Alaska and the western U.S. Sourdough Rock Glacier in the St. Elias Mountains, Alaska, is completely debris-covered and exhibits numerous transverse compressional ridges. Its trunk also exhibits highly regular bumps and swales with a wavelength of ~175 m and amplitudes up to 12 m. In the middle trunk, lineations (boulder trains and furrows) bend around a point roughly 200m from the eastern edge. We acquired five high-resolution airborne surveys of Sourdough Rock Glacier between late 2013 and late 2015 using lidar and photogrammetry to assess annual and seasonal change at the sub-meter level. Differencing the DTMs provides vertical change while feature tracking in orthophotos provide horizontal velocities that indicate meters of annual motion. The flow field is highly correlated with surface features; in particular, compressional ridges in the lower lobe. Stranded, formerly active lobes are also apparent. Surface geophysical studies were undertaken to constrain internal structure and composition using a combination of ground-penetrating radar (GPR) at 50 and 100 MHz in six transects, and time-domain electromagnetic (TDEM) measurements at 47 locations, primarily in an along-flow transect and two cross-flow transects. We infer

Linking Historical, Field, Airborne, and Satellite Data to Determine the Relationship Between Gas Emissions and Vegetation Health on Active Volcanoes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Torres Rosa, C. E.; Deering, C. D.; McCarty, J. L.; Grimm, A.

2017-12-01

data at 10 to 250 m resolution, as well as with historical aerial photography and maps of the changing Puhimau geothermal area. Citations: McGee, K. A., A. J. Sutton, T. Elias, M. P. Doukas, and T. M. Gerlack (2006), Puhimau thermal area: A window into the upper East Rift Zone of Kilauea volcano, Hawai`i, Pure. Appl. Geophys., 163, 837-851

A new method for GPS-based wind speed determinations during airborne volcanic plume measurements

USGS Publications Warehouse

Doukas, Michael P.

2002-01-01

Begun nearly thirty years ago, the measurement of gases in volcanic plumes is today an accepted technique in volcano research. Volcanic plume measurements, whether baseline gas emissions from quiescent volcanoes or more substantial emissions from volcanoes undergoing unrest, provide important information on the amount of gaseous output of a volcano to the atmosphere. Measuring changes in gas emission rates also allows insight into eruptive behavior. Some of the earliest volcanic plume measurements of sulfur dioxide were made using a correlation spectrometer (COSPEC). The COSPEC, developed originally for industrial pollution studies, is an upward-looking optical spectrometer tuned to the ultraviolet absorption wavelength of sulfur dioxide (Millán and Hoff, 1978). In airborne mode, the COSPEC is mounted in a fixed-wing aircraft and flown back and forth just underneath a volcanic plume, perpendicular to the direction of plume travel (Casadevall and others, 1981; Stoiber and others, 1983). Similarly, for plumes close to the ground, the COSPEC can be mounted in an automobile and driven underneath a plume if a suitable road system is available (Elias and others, 1998). The COSPEC can also be mounted on a tripod and used to scan a volcanic plume from a fixed location on the ground, although the effectiveness of this configuration declines with distance from the plume (Kyle and others, 1990). In the 1990’s, newer airborne techniques involving direct sampling of volcanic plumes with infrared spectrometers and electrochemical sensors were developed in order to measure additional gases such as CO2 and H2S (Gerlach and others, 1997; Gerlach and others, 1999; McGee and others, 2001). These methods involve constructing a plume cross-section from several measurement traverses through the plume in a vertical plane. Newer instruments such as open-path Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers are now being used to measure the gases in volcanic plumes mostly from fixed

A Novel Mobile App and Population Management System to Manage Rheumatoid Arthritis Flares: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

PubMed

Wang, Penny; Luo, Dee; Lu, Fengxin; Elias, Josephine S; Landman, Adam B; Michaud, Kaleb D; Lee, Yvonne C

2018-04-11

provider visits, (2) patient engagement in monitoring their condition, and (3) communication between patients and health care providers through the population management system. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02822521, http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02822521 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6xed3kGPd). ©Penny Wang, Dee Luo, Fengxin Lu, Josephine S Elias, Adam B Landman, Kaleb D Michaud, Yvonne C Lee. Originally published in JMIR Research Protocols (http://www.researchprotocols.org), 11.04.2018.

The Mont Blanc neutrinos from SN 1987A: Could they have been monochromatic (8 MeV) tachyons with m2 = - 0.38 keV2?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ehrlich, Robert

2018-05-01

the dark matter model, itself supported by experimental observations. Lastly, it is noted that the tachyonic interpretation of the Mont Blanc burst fits the author's earlier unconventional 3 + 3 model of the neutrino mass states. Experimental corroboration should be sought for the linked hypotheses of an 8 MeV νbar line or an mν2 = - 0.38 keV2. The former might be seen in existing astrophysical data, while the latter should be proven or refuted by the KATRIN experiment in a short data-taking period.

BOOK REVIEW: String Theory in a Nutshell

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Skenderis, Kostas

2007-11-01

The book 'String Theory in a Nutshell' by Elias Kiritsis provides a comprehensive introduction to modern string theory. String theory is the leading candidate for a theory that successfully unifies all fundamental forces of nature, including gravity. The subject has been continuously developing since the early 1970s, with classic textbooks on the subject being those of Green, Schwarz and Witten (1987) and Polchinski (1998). Since the latter was published there have been substantial developments, in particular in understanding black holes and gravity/gauge theory dualities. A textbook treatment of this important material is clearly needed, both by students and researchers in string theory and by mathematicians and physicists working in related fields. This book has a good selection of material, starting from basics and moving into classic and modern topics. In particular, Kiritsis' presentation of the basic material is complementary to that of the earlier textbooks and he includes a number of topics which are not easily found or covered adequately elsewhere, for example, loop corrections to string effective couplings. Overall the book nicely covers the major advances of the last ten years, including (non-perturbative) string dualities, black hole physics, AdS/CFT and matrix models. It provides a concise but fairly complete introduction to these subjects which can be used both by students and by researchers. Moreover the emphasis is on results that are reasonably established, as is appropriate for a textbook; concise summaries are given for subjects which are still in flux, with references to relevant reviews and papers. A positive feature of the book is that the bibliography sections at the end of each chapter provide a comprehensive guide to the literature. The bibliographies point to reviews and pedagogical papers on subjects covered in this book as well as those that were omitted. It is rare for a textbook to contain such a self-contained and detailed guide to

Crustal deformation associated with glacial fluctuations in the eastern Chugach Mountains, Alaska

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sauber, Jeanne; Plafker, George; Molnia, Bruce F.; Bryant, Mark A.

2000-04-01

significant in relation to the stress drops in recent earthquakes (≈ 2 to 10 MPa) but small in relation to the estimated tectonic stress magnitude. Therefore the occurrence of an earthquake such as the St. Elias (1979, MS = 7.2) may have been advanced in time; however, most of the ongoing stress accumulation would be primarily due to tectonic forces.

IMPROVING SCIENCE EDUCATION AND CAREER OPPORTUNITIES IN RURAL ALASKA:The Synergistic Connection between Educational Outreach Efforts in the Copper Valley, Alaska.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Solie, D. J.; McCarthy, S.

2004-12-01

The objective of the High frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) Education Outreach is to enhance the science education opportunities in the Copper Valley region in Alaska. In the process, we also educate local residents about HAARP and its research. Funded jointly by US Air Force and Navy, HAARP is located at Gakona Alaska, a very rural region of central Alaska with a predominantly Native population. The main instrument at HAARP is a vertically directed, phased array RF transmitter which is primarily an ionospheric research tool, however, its geophysical research applications range from terrestrial to near-space. Research is conducted at HAARP in collaboration with scientists and institutions world-wide. The HAARP Education Outreach Program, run through the University of Alaska Geophysical Institute has been active for over six years and in that time has become an integral part of science education in the Copper Valley for residents of all ages. HAARP education outreach efforts are through direct involvement in local schools in the Copper River School District (CRSD) and the Prince William Sound Community College (PWSCC), as well as public lectures and workshops, and intern and student research programs. These outreach efforts require cooperation and coordination between the CRSD, PWSCC, the University of Alaska Fairbanks Physics Department and the NSF sponsored Alaska Native Science & Engineering Program (ANSEP) and HAARP researchers. The HAARP Outreach program also works with other organizations promoting science education in the region, such as the National Park Service (Wrangell- St. Elias National Park) and the Wrangell Institute for Science and Environment (WISE) a newly formed regional non-profit organization. We work closely with teachers in the schools, adapting to their needs and the particular scientific topic they are covering at the time. Because of time and logistic constraints, outreach visits to schools are episodic, occurring roughly

Crustal deformation associated with glacial fluctuations in the eastern Chugach Mountains, Alaska

USGS Publications Warehouse

Sauber, Jeanne; Plafker, George; Molnia, Bruce F.; Bryant, Mark A.

2000-01-01

significant in relation to the stress drops in recent earthquakes (≈ 2 to 10 MPa) but small in relation to the estimated tectonic stress magnitude. Therefore the occurrence of an earthquake such as the St. Elias (1979, MS = 7.2) may have been advanced in time; however, most of the ongoing stress accumulation would be primarily due to tectonic forces.

Crustal Deformation Associated with Glacial Fluctuations in the Eastern Chugach Mountains, Alaska

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sauber, Jeanne; Plafker, George; Molnia, Bruce F.; Bryant, Mark A.

2000-01-01

) between 0 and 10 km was approximately equal 1.0 MPa, which is significant in relation to the stress drops in recent earthquakes (approximately 2 to 10 MPa) but small in relation to the estimated tectonic stress magnitude. Therefore the occurrence of an earthquake such as the St. Elias (1979, M(sub S) = 7.2) may have been advanced in time; however, most of the ongoing stress accumulation would be primarily due to tectonic forces.

Subduction and Slab Advance at Orogen Syntaxes: Predicting Exhumation Rates and Thermochronometric Ages with Numerical Modeling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nettesheim, Matthias; Ehlers, Todd A.; Whipp, David M.

2017-04-01

The change in plate boundary orientation and subducting plate geometry along orogen syntaxes may have major control on the subduction and exhumation dynamics at these locations. Previous work documents that the curvature of subducting plates in 3D at orogen syntaxes forces a buckling and flexural stiffening of the downgoing plate. The geometry of this stiffened plate region, also called indenter, can be observed in various subduction zones around the world (e.g. St. Elias Range, Alaska; Cascadia, USA; Andean syntaxis, South America). The development of a subducting, flexurally stiffened indenter beneath orogen syntaxes influences deformation in the overriding plate and can lead to accelerated and focused rock uplift above its apex. Moreover, the style of deformation in the overriding plate is influenced by the amount of trench or slab advance, which is the amount of overall shortening not accommodated by underthrusting. While many subduction zones exhibit little to no slab advance, the Nazca-South America subduction and especially the early stages of the India-Eurasia collision provide end-member examples. Here, we use a transient, lithospheric-scale, thermomechanical 3D model of an orogen syntaxis to investigate the effects of subducting a flexurally stiffened plate geometry and slab advance on upper plate deformation. A visco-plastic upper-plate rheology is used, along with a buckled, rigid subducting plate. The free surface of the thermomechanical model is coupled to a landscape evolution model that accounts for erosion by fluvial and hillslope processes. The cooling histories of exhumed rocks are used to predict the evolution of low-temperature thermochronometer ages on the surface. With a constant overall shortening for all simulations, the magnitude of slab advance is varied stepwise from no advance, with all shortening accommodated by underthrusting, to full slab advance, i.e. no motion on the megathrust. We show that in models where most shortening is

PREFACE: 12th Conference on Recent Developments in Gravity (NEB XII)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Christodoulakis, Theodosios; Vagenas, Elias C.

2007-06-01

/ENTApP, the Hellenic Ministry for Education and Religion, Athens University and ETHNIKI Insurance Co. that financially supported the Conference. We also thank the members of the Local Organizing Committee and the International Scientific Committee. Editors Theodosios I Christodoulakis Elias C Vagenas International Scientific Committee Kokkotas, K (University of Thessaloniki, Greece) Schäfer, G (University of Jena, Germany) Zanelli, J (CECS, Chile) Local Organizing Committee Christodoulakis, T I (University of Athens) Chairman Apostolatos, T (University of Athens) Stavrinos, P (University of Athens) Grammenos, T (University of Thessaly) Zoupas, A (University of Athens and University of Thessaly) Vagenas, E C (University of Athens)

From the Experience of Interactivity and Entertainment to Lower Intention to Smoke: A Randomized Controlled Trial and Path Analysis of a Web-Based Smoking Prevention Program for Adolescents.

PubMed

Khalil, Georges Elias; Wang, Hua; Calabro, Karen Sue; Mitra, Natasha; Shegog, Ross; Prokhorov, Alexander V

2017-02-16

contributed to the expected outcome of lower intention to smoke. Also, emphasis needs to be placed on the emotional experience during Web-based interventions in order to maximize reductions in smoking intentions. Going beyond mere evaluation of the effectiveness of a Web-based smoking prevention program, this study contributes to the understanding of adolescents' psychological experience and its effect on their intention to smoke. With the results of this study, researchers can work to (1) enhance the experience of interactivity and entertainment and (2) amplify concepts of media effects (eg, presence and emotional involvement) in order to better reach health behavior outcomes. Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02469779; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02469779 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6nxyZVOf0). ©Georges Elias Khalil, Hua Wang, Karen Sue Calabro, Natasha Mitra, Ross Shegog, Alexander V Prokhorov. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (http://www.jmir.org), 16.02.2017.

Observing Weather in Venus's Lower Atmosphere

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Young, E. F.; Bullock, M. A.; Chanover, N. J.; Lemmon, M. T.

2003-05-01

References Carlson, R.W., K.H. Baines, T. Encrenaz, F.W. Tay-lor, P. Drossart, L.W. Kamp, J.B. Pollack, E. Lellouch, A.D. Collard, S.B. Calcutt, D.H. Grinspoon, P.R. Weissman, W.D. Smythe, A.C. Ocampo, G.E. Danielson, F.P. Fanale, T.V. Johnson, H.H. Kieffer, D.L. Matson, T.B. McCord, and L.A. Soderblom, Galileo infrared imaging spectrometer measurements at Venus, Science, 253, 1541-1548, 1991. Chanover, N.J., D.A. Glenar, and J.J. Hillman, Multispectral near-IR imaging of Venus nightside cloud features, Journal of Geophysical Research, 103, 31,335-31,348, 1998. Crisp, D., S. McMuldroch, S.K. Stephens, W.M. Sinton, B. Ragent, K.W. Hodapp, R.G. Probst, L.R. Doyle, D.A. Allen, and J. Elias, Ground-based near-infrared imaging observations of Venus during the Galileo encounter, Science, 253, 1538-1541, 1991b.

The Mount Logan (Yukon) Ice Cores: Preliminary Results

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fisher, D. A.

2004-05-01

Three ice cores were taken at different elevations on or near My Logan in the years 2001 and 2002. The summit core (PRCol) comes from the summit plateau ( 5340 masl, length 187 m to bedrock, mean temperature -29 C ) and was done by the Geological Survey of Canada. The NIPR group cored 210m on the flanks of the mountain at King Col (4200 masl mean temperature -16C) and the UNH group cored 20 km from the mountain at Eclipse "Dome" (3015 masl,length 345 m mean temperature -5C) . The three cores were done cooperatively by GSC, NIPR and UNH and cover nominally 30 ka, 1 ka and 2ka respectively . Located very close to the Gulf of Alaska these core records are thought to reflect the climate history of the Pacific Ocean and having three widely spaced elevations, the sites "see" different distances to different sources. The lowest site (Eclipse) has excellent seasonals but a very muted δ 18O history with no obvious little ice age, whereas the most recent 1ka of the PRCol summit sites contains two very large and sudden δ 18O and d (deuterium excess) shifts at 1850 AD and ~ 800 AD. The δ 18O shifts which happen from one year to the next are about 4 o/oo . The summit site (PRCol) δ 18O response is "backwards", ie the Little Ice Age δ 18O values are 4 o/oo more positive than recent ones. The PRCol δ 18O and d suggest that the source water can either be ëlocalí (Gulf of Alaska) or very distant (tropics) . The Eclipse site seems only to get the local water . A massive dust storm originating in central Asia (Gobi) in April 2001 dumped a visible layer all over the St Elias Mountains and this layer was sampled, to provide a calibration "Asian dust event". The satellite and isotoic signatures both agreed that Gobi was the source. The PRCol record covers the Holocene and well back into the ice age. The transition is defined by a sudden ECM shift on the flanks of a more gradual O18 shift. Acknowledgements. Logan consortium consists of : Geological Survey of Canada : Jocelyne

Development of a glacially dominated shelf-slope-fan system in tectonically active southeast Alaska: Results of IODP Expedition 341 core-log-seismic integrated studies at glacial cycle resolution

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gulick, Sean; Jaeger, John; Mix, Alan; Swartz, John; Worthington, Lindsay; Reece, Robert

2014-05-01

Collision of the Yakutat microplate with North American formed the St. Elias Mountains in coastal Gulf of Alaska. While the tectonic driver for orogenesis has been ongoing since the Miocene, results from the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 341 suggests that direct climatic perturbation of active orogenesis through glacial erosion is non-linear. Geophysical studies of the glaciated continental margin, slope, and adjacent deep-sea Surveyor Fan allow examination of the glaciated orogen from source to sink. Using high-resolution and crustal-scale seismic data and through comparison with other glaciated margins, we can identify key diagnostic seismic morphologies and facies indicative of glacial proximity and sediment routing. Expedition drilling results calibrated these images suggesting a timeline for initial advances of the Cordilleran ice sheet related glacial systems onto the shelf and a further timeline for the development of ice streams that reach the shelf edge. Comparisons can be made within this single margin between evolution of the tectonic-glacial system where erosion and sediment transport are occurring within a fold and thrust belt versus on a more stable shelf region. Onshore the Bering-Bagley glacial system in the west flows across the Yakataga fold and thrust belt, allowing examination of whether glacial erosion can cause tectonic feedbacks, whereas offshore the Bering-Bagley system interacts with the Pamplona Zone thrusts in a region of significant sediment accommodation. Results from Expedition 341 imply that timing of glacial advance to the shelf edge in this region may be driven by the necessity of filling up the accommodation through aggradation followed by progradation and thus is autogenic. In contrast the Malaspina-Hubbard glacial system to the east encountered significantly less accommodation and more directly responded to climatic forcing including showing outer shelf glacial occupation since the mid-Pleistocene transition-MPT to

Assessing the Response of Alaska's Glaciers to Post-Little Ice Age Climate Change

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Molnia, B. F.

2001-12-01

A comprehensive survey of the eleven mountain ranges and three island areas in Alaska that presently support glaciers was conducted to determine how glaciers in each area have responded to post-Little Ice Age (LIA) climate change. Today, glaciers cover 5 percent of Alaska, about 75,000 sq. km., range in elevation from 6,000 m to below sea level, and span latitudes from south of 55 degrees N to north of 69 degrees N. During the LIA, Alaskan glaciers expanded significantly, covering 10 percent more area than today. Many different types of data were used to construct baselines and determine glacier change. These include: published descriptions of glaciers (1794 - 2000), historic and modern maps (1794 - 2000), aerial photography (1926 - 2001), ground photography (1884 - 2001), airborne radar (1981 - 1991), satellite radar (1978 - 1998), space photography (1984 - 1994), multi-spectral satellite imagery (1972 - 2001), aerial reconnaissance and field observations by the author (1968 - 2001), and various types of proxy data. Data available varied for each region and glacier. Every mountain range and island group investigated is characterized by significant glacier retreat, thinning, and/or stagnation, especially at lower elevations. At some locations, glaciers have completely disappeared during the twentieth century. In other areas, retreat that started as early as the early eighteenth century, has continued into the twenty-first century. Ironically, in several areas, retreat is resulting in the number of glaciers is actually increasing, but the volume and area of ice is decreasing. The key survey findings are: ALEXANDER ARCHIPELAGO, KODIAK ISLAND, ALEUTIAN ISLANDS: every glacier examined showed evidence of thinning and retreat. Some have disappeared since last being mapped in the mid-twentieth century; COAST MOUNTAINS, ST. ELIAS MOUNTAINS, CHUGACH MOUNTAINS, KENAI MOUNTAINS, WRANGELL MOUNTAINS, ALASKA RANGE, AND THE ALEUTIAN RANGE: more than 95 percent of glaciers ending

In situ soil moisture and matrix potential - what do we measure?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jackisch, Conrad; Durner, Wolfgang

2017-04-01

poses quite some concern about deriving field parameters from lab measurements. We will present some insights from the comparison study and highlight the conceptual concerns arising from it. Through this we hope to stimulate a discussion towards more critical revision of measurement assumptions and towards the development of alternative techniques to monitor subsurface states. The sensor comparison study consortium is a cooperation of Wolfgang Durner2, Ines Andrä2, Kai Germer2, Katrin Schulz2, Marcus Schiedung2, Jaqueline Haller-Jans2, Jonas Schneider2, Julia Jaquemotte2, Philipp Helmer2, Leander Lotz2, Thomas Graeff3, Andreas Bauer3, Irene Hahn3, Conrad Jackisch1, Martin Sanda4, Monika Kumpan5, Johann Dorner5, Gerrit de Rooij6, Stephan Wessel-Bothe7, Lorenz Kottmann8, and Siegfried Schittenhelm8. The great support by the team and the Thünen Institute Braunschweig is gratefully acknowledged. 1 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 2 Technical University of Braunschweig, 3 University of Potsdam, 4 Technical University of Prague, 5 Federal Department for Water Management Petzenkirchen, 6 Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Halle, 7 ecoTech GmbH Bonn, 8 Julius Kühn Institute Braunschweig

Characterization of residuals from ice particles and droplets sampled in mid-latitude natural and aviation-influenced cirrus and in tropical deep convective cloud systems during ML-CIRRUS and ACRIDICON

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mertes, Stephan; Kästner, Udo; Schulz, Christiane; Klimach, Thomas; Krüger, Mira; Schneider, Johannes

2015-04-01

Airborne sampling of cloud particles inside different cirrus cloud types and inside deep convective clouds was conducted during the HALO missions ML-CIRRUS over Europe in March/April 2014 and ACRIDICON over Amazonia in September 2014. ML-CIRRUS aims at the investigation of the for-mation, evolution, microphysical state and radiative effects of different natural and aviation-induced cirrus clouds in the mid-latitudes. The main objectives of ACRIDICON are the microphysical vertical profiling, vertical aerosol transport and the cloud processing of aerosol particles (compari-son in- and outflow) of tropical deep convective cloud systems in clean and polluted air masses and over forested and deforested regions. The hydrometeors (drops and ice particles) are sampled by a counterflow virtual impactor (CVI) which has to be installed in the front part of the upper fuselage of the HALO aircraft. Such an intake position implies a size dependent abundance of cloud particles with respect to ambient conditions that was studied by particle trajectory simulations (Katrin Witte, HALO Technical Note 2008-003-A). On the other hand, this sampling location avoids that large ice crystals which could potentially bias the cloud particle sampling by shattering and break-up at the inlet shroud and tip enter the inlet. Both aspects as well as the flight conditions of HALO were taken into account for an optimized CVI design for HALO (HALO-CVI). Interstitial particles are pre-segregated and the condensed phase is evaporated/sublimated by the CVI, such that the residuals from cloud droplets and ice particles (CDR and IPR) can be microphysically and chemically analyzed by respective aerosol sensors located in the cabin. Although an even more comprehensive characterization of CDR and IPR was carried out, we like to report on the following measurements of certain aerosol properties. Particle number concentra-tion and size distribution are measured by a condensation particle counter (CPC) and an

Mobile Phone-Based Measures of Activity, Step Count, and Gait Speed: Results From a Study of Older Ambulatory Adults in a Naturalistic Setting.

PubMed

Rye Hanton, Cassia; Kwon, Yong-Jun; Aung, Thawda; Whittington, Jackie; High, Robin R; Goulding, Evan H; Schenk, A Katrin; Bonasera, Stephen J

2017-10-03

over a 24-hour period occurring within 1 week of the initial assessment. We identified statistically significant differences between functionally intact and frail participants in mobile phone-derived measures of percent activity (P=.002, t test), active versus inactive status (P=.02, t test), average step counts (P<.001, repeated measures analysis of variance [ANOVA]) and gait speed (P<.001, t test). In functionally intact individuals, the above mobile phone metrics assessed aspects of functional status independent (Bland-Altman and correlation analysis) of both survey- and/or performance battery-based functional measures. In contrast, in frail individuals, the above mobile phone metrics correlated with submeasures of both SAFFE and PROMIS-GH. Continuous mobile phone-based measures of participant community activity and mobility strongly differentiate between persons with intact functional status and persons with a frailty phenotype. These measures assess dimensions of functional status independent of those measured using current validated questionnaires and physical performance assessments to identify functional compromise. Mobile phone-based gait measures may provide a more readily accessible and less-time consuming measure of gait, while further providing clinicians with longitudinal gait measures that are currently difficult to obtain. ©Cassia Rye Hanton, Yong-Jun Kwon, Thawda Aung, Jackie Whittington, Robin R High, Evan H Goulding, A Katrin Schenk, Stephen J Bonasera. Originally published in JMIR Mhealth and Uhealth (http://mhealth.jmir.org), 03.10.2017.

Overall impact of speed-related initiatives and factors on crash outcomes.

PubMed

D'Elia, A; Newstead, S; Cameron, M

2007-01-01

reinforce the benefits of reducing low level speeding - the central message of "Wipe Off 5". These strategies were implemented across the entire state of Victoria with the intention of covering as many road users as possible. This study aimed to evaluate the overall effectiveness of the speed-related package. The study objectives were: to document the increased speed camera activity in each speed limit zone and in Melbourne compared with the rest of Victoria; to evaluate the overall effect on crash outcomes of the package; to account as far as possible for the effect on crash outcomes of non-speed road safety initiatives and socio-economic factors, which would otherwise influence the speed-related package evaluation; and to examine speed trends in Melbourne and on Victorian rural highways, especially the proportions of vehicles travelling at excessive speeds. This paper presents the results of the evaluation of the overall impact on crash outcomes associated with the speed-related package, after adjusting as far as possible for the effect of non-speed road safety initiatives and socio-economic factors. D'Elia, Newstead and Cameron (2007) document the study results in full.

Mobile Phone Apps for Quality of Life and Well-Being Assessment in Breast and Prostate Cancer Patients: Systematic Review.

PubMed

Rincon, Esther; Monteiro-Guerra, Francisco; Rivera-Romero, Octavio; Dorronzoro-Zubiete, Enrique; Sanchez-Bocanegra, Carlos Luis; Gabarron, Elia

2017-12-04

-related intervention was carried out, and 2 of them reported an improvement on QoL. The lengths of the app-related interventions varied from 4 to 12 weeks. Because 2 of the studies only tracked use of the app, no effect on QoL or well-being was found. Despite the existence of hundreds of studies involving cancer-focused mobile phone apps, there is a lack of rigorous trials regarding the QoL and/or well-being assessment in breast and/or prostate cancer patients. A strong and collective effort should be made by all health care providers to determine those cancer-focused apps that effectively represent useful, accurate, and reliable tools for cancer patients' disease management. PROSPERO CRD42017073069; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.asp?ID= CRD42017073069 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6v38Clb9T). ©Esther Rincon, Francisco Monteiro-Guerra, Octavio Rivera-Romero, Enrique Dorronzoro-Zubiete, Carlos Luis Sanchez-Bocanegra, Elia Gabarron. Originally published in JMIR Mhealth and Uhealth (http://mhealth.jmir.org), 04.12.2017.

Doping, Strain, Orientation and Disorder of Graphene by Raman Spectroscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ferrari, Andrea C.

2009-03-01

graphene[12]. [4pt] 1. A. C. Ferrari, J. Robertson (eds), Raman spectroscopy in carbons: from nanotubes to diamond, Theme Issue, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. 362, 2267 (2004). 2. F. Tuinstra, J.L. Koening, J. Chem. Phys. 53, 1126(1970). 3. A. C. Ferrari, J. Robertson Phys Rev B 61, 14095 (2000); 64, 075414 (2001) 4. A. C. Ferrari Solid State Comm.143, 47 (2007) 5. S. Piscanec et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 185503 (2004) 6. A. C. Ferrari et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 187401 (2006) 7. S. Pisana et al. Nature Mater. 6, 198 (2007) 8. A. Das et al, Nature Nano 3, 210 (2008). 9. A. Das et al., arXiv:0807.1631v1 (2008) 10. A. C. Ferrari et al. submitted (2008) 11. C. Casiraghi et al. Appl. Phys Lett. 91, 233108 (2007) 12. Elias et al. arXiv:0810.4706 (2008)

Yakataga fold-and-thrust belt: Structural geometry and tectonic implications of a small continental collision zone

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wallace, Wesley K.

with a gap in arc magmatism, anomalous topography, and the rupture zone of the 1964 great southern Alaska earthquake. I suggest that, to the east, detachment and imbrication of basement combined with coupling in the fold-and-thrust belt allowed the delaminated dense mantle lithosphere to subduct with a steeper dip than to the west, where buoyant Yakutat terrane crust remains attached to the subducted lithosphere. According to this interpretation, the Wrangell subduction zone is lithosphere of the Yakutat terrane, not Pacific Ocean lithosphere subducted beneath the Yakutat terrane. The Pacific-North America plate boundary would be within the northern deformed part of the Yakutat terrane, not along the boundary between the undeformed southern part of the Yakutat terrane and oceanic crust of the Pacific Ocean. The plate boundary is an evolving zone of distributed deformation in which most of the convergent component has been accommodated within the fold-and-thrust belt south of the northern boundary of the Yakutat terrane, the Chugach-St. Elias thrust fault, and most of the right-lateral component likely has been accommodated on the Bagley Icefield fault just to the north.

Detection of rainfall-induced landslides on regional seismic networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Manconi, Andrea; Coviello, Velio; Gariano, Stefano Luigi; Picozzi, Matteo

2017-04-01

this last category of events, we have applied the approach proposed in Manconi et al. (2016), in order to evaluate the performance of automatic identification, location and first order classification of landslide events trough seismic data only. Our analysis may provide important insights for the development and calibration of landslide identification algorithms, which might be used to enhance the completeness of landslide catalogues by relying on quantitative data. Brunetti, M.T., Peruccacci, S., Antronico, L., Bartolini, D., Deganutti, A.M., Gariano, S.L., Iovine, G., Luciani, S., Luino, F., Melillo, M., Palladino, M.R., Parise, M., Rossi, M., Turconi, L., Vennari, C., Vessia, G., Viero, A., and Guzzetti, F.: Catalogue of Rainfall Events with Shallow Landslides and New Rainfall thresholds in Italy, in Lollino G, Giordan D, Crosta G B, Corominas J, Azzam R, Wasowski J, Sciarra N (eds.), Engineering Geology for Society and Territory - Volume 2, Springer International Publishing, Switzerland, 1575-1579, 2015. Manconi, A., Picozzi, M., Coviello, V., De Santis, F., and Elia, L.: Real-time detection, location, and characterization of rockslides using broadband regional seismic networks, Geophys. Res. Lett., 43, 6960-6967, doi:10.1002/2016GL069572, 2016.

Repeat Photography of Alaskan Glaciers and Landscapes as Both Art and as a Means of Communicating Climat Change

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Molnia, B. F.

2013-12-01

, Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve, Denali National Park and Preserve, the northern and northwestern Prince William Sound area of the Chugach National Forest, and the Mendenhall Glacier area of the Tongass National Forest to document and determine the extent of changing glaciers and landscapes. The use of repeat photography to document temporal change is not new. It originated as a glacier-monitoring technique in the European Alps more than 150 years ago. What is unique in this Alaskan application of repeat photography is the systematic approach being used to obtain photographic documentation of glacier and landscape change for every glacier-hosting fiord in western southcentral Alaska, as well as at many Alaskan valley glacier sites. What is also unique is the development of an annotated website which presents many pairs of these photographs as well as ancillary materials to help convey the basics of Alaskan glaciers and climate change. The website, titled 'Glacier and Landscape Change in Response to Changing Climate', (http://www.usgs.gov/climate_landuse/glaciers/) was awarded the 2010 USGS Shoemaker External Communications Award.

PREFACE: First Mediterranean Conference on Classical and Quantum Gravity (MCCQG 2009)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Basilakos, Spyros; Cadoni, Mariano; Cavaglia, Marco; Christodoulakis, Theodosios; Vagenas, Elias C.

2010-04-01

quite fruitful, enjoyable 'Mediterranean' atmosphere for the exchange of ideas and discussion. It is a pleasure to thank our administrative and technical staff Georgia Angelopoulou, Athina Pouri, Mando Zambeli and Manolis Zoulias for their untiring assistance. We also thank the staff of the OAC for the enthusiastic support and their hospitality. We are grateful to the Academy of Athens and the Tomalla Foundation for their generous financial support which made MCCQG possible. Finally, our gratitude goes to all the participants and especially the many experienced scientists. Their contributions highlighted the meeting. The success of the MCCQG is due to them and to the enthusiasm of the younger participants. The Editors March 2010 COMMITTEES Organising Committee Spyros Basilakos (RCAAM, Academy of Athens, Greece) Mariano Cadoni (University and INFN Cagliari, Italy) Marco Cavaglià (University of Mississippi, USA) Theodosios Christodoulakis (University of Athens, Greece) Elias Vagenas (RCAAM, Academy of Athens, Greece) Advisory Committee Ignatios Antoniadis (CERN, Switzerland) Orfeu Bertolami (IST, Lisbon, Portugal) Loriano Bonora (SISSA, Trieste, Italy) George Contopoulos (Academy of Athens, Greece) Ruth Durrer (Geneva University, Switzerland) Enrique Gaztanaga (IEEC, Barcelona, Spain) Gabriela Gonzalez (Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, USA) Marc Henneaux (Brussels University, Belgium) Roman Jackiw (MIT, USA) Claus Kiefer (Cologne University, Germany) Stefano Liberati (SISSA, Trieste, Italy) Ofer Lahav (University College London, UK) Roy Maartens (University of Portsmouth, UK) Don Marolf (UC Santa Barbara, USA) Hermann Nicolai (AEI, Potsdam, Germany) Augusto Sagnotti (Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy) Mairi Sakellariadou (King's College London, UK) Jorge Zanelli (CECS, Valdivia, Chile) SPONSORS Academy of Athens The Tomalla Foundation Università di Cagliari University of Mississippi University of Athens LIST OF PARTICIPANTS Abdalla, Elcio (Instituto de

Introducing litter quality to the ecosystem model LPJ-GUESS: Effects on short- and long-term soil carbon dynamics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Portner, Hanspeter; Wolf, Annett; Rühr, Nadine; Bugmann, Harald

2010-05-01

and 2007 [Rühr(2009)] and present soil carbon stocks [Heim et al.(2009)]. Our Results show, that for short-term soil carbon dynamics, e.g. estimates of heterotrophic soil respiration on an annual basis, the inclusion of the dependency on litter quality is not necessary, as the differences are minor only. However, when considering long-term soil carbon dynamics, e.g. simulated estimates of present soil carbon content, the dependency on litter quality shows effect, as there are correlations with specific site factors such as site location and forest type. The inclusion of the dependence on litter quality therefore may be of importance for the projection of future soil carbon dynamics, as forest types may well be altered due to climatic change. References [Heim et al.(2009)] A. Heim, L. Wehrli, W. Eugster, and M.W.I. Schmidt. Effects of sampling design on the probability to detect soil carbon stock changes at the swiss CarboEurope site Lägeren. Geoderma, 149(3-4):347-354, 2009. [Rühr(2009)] Nadine Katrin Rühr. Soil respiration in a mixed mountain forest : environmental drivers and partitioning of component fluxes. PhD thesis, ETH, 2009. [Smith et al.(2001)] Benjamin Smith, I. Colin Prentice, and Martin T. Sykes. Representation of vegetation dynamics in the modelling of terrestrial ecosystems: comparing two contrasting approaches within european climate space. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 10(6):621-637, 2001. [Tuomi et al.(2008)] Mikko Tuomi, Pekka Vanhala, Kristiina Karhu, Hannu Fritze, and Jari Liski. Heterotrophic soil respiration-Comparison of different models describing its temperature dependence. Ecological Modelling, 211(1-2): 182-190, 2008.

Mercury in fishes from 21 national parks in the Western United States: inter- and intra-park variation in concentrations and ecological risk

USGS Publications Warehouse

Eagles-Smith, Collin A.; Willacker, James J.; Flanagan Pritz, Colleen M.

2014-01-01

of fish sampled were above a benchmark for risk to highly sensitive avian consumers (90 ng/g ww), and THg concentrations in 68 percent of fish sampled were above exposure levels recommended by the Great Lakes Advisory Group (50 ng/g ww) for unlimited consumption by humans. Of the fish assessed for risk to human consumers (that is, species that are large enough to be consumed by recreational or subsistence anglers), only one individual fish from Yosemite National Park had a muscle Hg concentration exceeding the benchmark (950 ng/g ww) at which no human consumption is advised. Zion, Capital Reef, Wrangell-St. Elias, and Lake Clark National Parks all contained sites in which most fish exceeded benchmarks for the protection of human and wildlife health. This finding is particularly concerning in Zion and Capitol Reef National Parks because the fish from these parks were speckled dace, a small, invertebrate-feeding species, yet their Hg concentrations were as high or higher than those in the largest, long-lived predatory species, such as lake trout. Future targeted research and monitoring across park habitats would help identify patterns of Hg distribution across the landscape and facilitate management decisions aimed at reducing the ecological risk posed by Hg contamination in sensitive ecosystems protected by the National Park Service.

Recent Elevation Changes on Bagley Ice Valley, Guyot and Yahtse Glaciers, Alaska, from ICESat Altimetry, Star-3i Airborne, and SRTM Spaceborne DEMs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Muskett, R. R.; Sauber, J. M.; Lingle, C. S.; Rabus, B. T.; Tangborn, W. V.; Echelmeyer, K. A.

2005-12-01

Three- to 5-year surface elevation changes on Bagley Ice Valley, Guyot and Yahtse Glaciers, in the eastern Chugach and St. Elias Mtns of south-central Alaska, are estimated using ICESat-derived data and digital elevation models (DEMs) derived from interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data. The surface elevations of these glaciers are influenced by climatic warming superimposed on surge dynamics (in the case of Bagley Ice Valley) and tidewater glacier dynamics (in the cases of Guyot and Yahtse Glaciers) in this coastal high-precipitation regime. Bagley Ice Valley / Bering Glacier last surged in 1993-95. Guyot and Yahtse Glaciers, as well as the nearby Tyndell Glacier, have experienced massive tidewater retreat during the past century, as well as during recent decades. The ICESat-derived elevation data we employ were acquired in early autumn in both 2003 and 2004. The NASA/NIMA Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) DEM that we employ was derived from X-band InSAR data acquired during this 11-22 Feb. 2000 mission and processed by the German Aerospace Center. This DEM was corrected for estimated systematic error, and a mass balance model was employed to account for seasonal snow accumulation. The Star-3i airborne, X-band, InSAR-derived DEM that we employ was acquired 4-13 Sept. 2000 by Intermap Technologies, Inc., and was also processed by them. The ICESat-derived profiles crossing Bagley Ice Valley, differenced with Star-3i DEM elevations, indicate preliminary mean along-profile elevation increases of 5.6 ± 3.4 m at 1315 m altitude, 7.4 ± 2.7 m at 1448 m altitude, 4.7 ± 1.9 m at 1557 m altitude, 1.3 ± 1.4 m at 1774 m altitude, and 2.5 ± 1.5 m at 1781 m altitude. This is qualitatively consistent with the rising surface on Bagley Ice Valley observed by Muskett et al. [2003]. The ICESat-derived profiles crossing Yahtse Glacier, differenced with the SRTM DEM elevations, indicate preliminary mean elevation changes (negative implies decrease) of -0.9 ± 3

Paleoenvironmental Reconstruction of Late Quaternary Insect Fossils, Halashazi Site, Altai Region, China.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Tianshu; Elias, Scott; Angus, Robert

2017-04-01

far . At present, 22 species have been identified: 4 species of Dytiscidae, 7 species of Carabidae, 3 species of Helophoridae, 2 species of Hydrophilidae, 1 species of Silphidae, 3 species of Staphylinidae, 1 species of Coccinellidae and 1 of Chrysomelidae. Most of these species are found today in the Siberian fauna, and indicate a steppe-tundra ecosystem; only one forest species has been identified. The identification of the species will be completed in January 2017. Following this, the Holocene temperature and precipitation of the Altai region will be reconstructed by the MCR method, and more information on past plant communities will be obtained. Reference: Chen, F.H., Yu, Z.C., Yang, M.L., Ito, E., Wang, S.M., Madsen, D.B., Huang, X.Z., Zhao, Y., Sato, T., Birks, H.J.B., Boomer, I., Chen, J.H., An, C.B., Wunnemann, B., 2008. Holocene moisture evolution in arid central Asia and its out-of-phase rela- tionship with Asian monsoon history. Quaternary Science Reviews, 27: 351-364. Elias, S. A., 2010. Advances in Quaternary Entomology. Amsterdam: Elsevier.

Deformation record of 4-d accommodation of strain in the transition from transform to oblique convergent plate margin, southern Alaska (Invited)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Roeske, S.; Benowitz, J.; Enkelmann, E.; Pavlis, T. L.

2013-12-01

Crustal deformation at the transition from a dextral transform to subduction in the northern Cordillera is complicated by both the bend of the margin and the presence of low-angle subduction of an oceanic plateau, the Yakutat microplate, into the 'corner'. The dextral Denali Fault system located ~400 km inboard of the plate margin shows a similar transition from a dominantly strike-slip to transpressional regime as it curves to the west. Thermochronologic and structural studies in both areas indicate crustal response through the transition region is highly varied along and across strike. Previous thermochronology along the Fairweather fault SE of the St. Elias bend shows the most rapid exhumation occurs in close proximity to the fault, decreasing rapidly away from it. Enkelmann et al. (2010) and more recent detrital zircon FT (Falkowski et al., 2013 AGU abstract) show rapid and deep exhumation concentrated in the syntaxis, but over a fairly broad area continuing north beyond the Fairweather fault. Although the region is dominantly under ice, borders of the rapidly exhuming region appear to be previously identified major high-angle faults. This suggests that structures controlling the extreme exhumation may have significant oblique slip component, or, if flower structure, are reverse faults, and the region may be exhuming by transpression, with a significant component of pure shear. Southwest of the syntaxis, where convergence dominates over strike-slip, thin-skinned fold-and-thrust belts in the Yakutat microplate strata account for the shortening. The long-term record of convergence in this area is more cryptic due to sediment recycling through deep underplating and/or limited exhumation by upper crustal shortening, but a wide range of thermochronologic studies suggests that initial exhumation in the region began ~ 30 Ma and most rapid exhumation in the syntaxis began ~ 5 Ma. In the eastern Alaska Range a significant component of strike-slip, in addition to

Confidence intervals in Flow Forecasting by using artificial neural networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Panagoulia, Dionysia; Tsekouras, George

2014-05-01

variable of different ANN structures [3]. The performance of each ANN structure is evaluated by the voting analysis based on eleven criteria, which are the root mean square error (RMSE), the correlation index (R), the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), the mean percentage error (MPE), the mean percentage error (ME), the percentage volume in errors (VE), the percentage error in peak (MF), the normalized mean bias error (NMBE), the normalized root mean bias error (NRMSE), the Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient (E) and the modified Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient (E1). The next day flow for the test set is calculated using the best ANN structure's model. Consequently, the confidence intervals of various confidence levels for training, evaluation and test sets are compared in order to explore the generalisation dynamics of confidence intervals from training and evaluation sets. [1] H.S. Hippert, C.E. Pedreira, R.C. Souza, "Neural networks for short-term load forecasting: A review and evaluation," IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, vol. 16, no. 1, 2001, pp. 44-55. [2] G. J. Tsekouras, N.E. Mastorakis, F.D. Kanellos, V.T. Kontargyri, C.D. Tsirekis, I.S. Karanasiou, Ch.N. Elias, A.D. Salis, P.A. Kontaxis, A.A. Gialketsi: "Short term load forecasting in Greek interconnected power system using ANN: Confidence Interval using a novel re-sampling technique with corrective Factor", WSEAS International Conference on Circuits, Systems, Electronics, Control & Signal Processing, (CSECS '10), Vouliagmeni, Athens, Greece, December 29-31, 2010. [3] D. Panagoulia, I. Trichakis, G. J. Tsekouras: "Flow Forecasting via Artificial Neural Networks - A Study for Input Variables conditioned on atmospheric circulation", European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2012 (NH1.1 / AS1.16 - Extreme meteorological and hydrological events induced by severe weather and climate change), Vienna, Austria, 22-27 April 2012.

Feasibility study on earthquake early warning application to schools: the example of the ITIS 'E. Majorana', Somma Vesuviana, Naples (Italy)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Emolo, Antonio; Zollo, Aldo; Picozzi, Matteo; Martino, Claudio; Elia, Luca; Verderame, Gerardo; De Risi, Maria Teresa; Ricci, Paolo; Lombardi, Anna; Bindi, Dino; Parolai, Stefano; Boxberger, Tobias; Miranda, Nicola

2014-05-01

empirical regression analysis, to produce an alert level at each station that can be correlated with the expected local damage in a robust way. At the same time, by means of the software PRESTo and a newly developed prototype of a low-cost EEW sentinel, these data have been also used to run an EEW drill at a few school classes. Finally, the preliminary results of the vulnerability study carried out at the school will be also shown. Indeed, after some preliminary in-situ surveys, structural and non-structural components, which are involved in the vulnerability analysis, have been identified. Hence, geometrical and mechanical model definition was performed and dynamic properties were carried out through a modal analysis. The evaluation of the seismic capacity has been performed through an incremental nonlinear static analysis approach, thus identifying seismic intensity levels leading to different Damage States in structural and non-structural components. References Satriano, Elia et al. (2010). PRESTo, the earthquake early warning system for Southern Italy: Concepts, capabilities and future perspectives. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng, doi 10.1016/j.soildyn.2010.06.008. Zollo et al. (2010). A threshold-based earthquake early warning using dense accelerometer networks. Geophys. J. Int. 183, 963-974.

Spirochete motility and morpholgy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Charon, Nyles

2004-03-01

. burgdorferi during chemotaxis. In translational motility, the bundles of periplasmic flagella rotate in opposite directions. When not translating, they rotate in the same direction, and the cells flex. We present evidence that asymmetrical rotation of the bundles during translation does not depend upon the chemotaxis signal transduction system. The histidine kinase CheA is known to be an essential component in the signaling pathway for bacterial chemotaxis. Mutants of cheA in flagellated bacteria continually rotate their flagella in one direction. B. burgdorferi has two copies of cheA. We reasoned that if chemotaxis were essential for asymmetrical rotation of the flagellar bundles, and if the flagellar motors at both cell ends were identical, inactivation of the two cheA genes should result in cells that constant flex. To test this hypothesis, the signaling pathway was completely blocked by construction of a double cheA mutant. This mutant was completely deficient in chemotaxis. Rather than flexing, it failed to reverse, and it continually translated only in one direction. The results indicate that asymmetrical rotation does not depend upon the chemotaxis system but rather upon differences between the two flagellar bundles. We propose that certain factors within the spirochete localize at flagellar motors at one end of the cell to effect this asymmetry (3). References: 1. Charon, N.W. and S.F. Goldstein. 2002. The genetics of motility and chemotaxis of a fascinating group of bacteria: the spirochetes. Ann. Rev. Genetics. 36: 47-73. 2. Motaleb M.A., L. Corum, J.L Bono, A.F. Elias, P. Rosa, D.S. Samuels, N.W. Charon. 2000. Borrelia burgdorferi periplasmic flagella have both skeletal and motility functions. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2000 97:10899-10904. 3. Li, C. R. Bakker, M. Motaleb, F. Cabello, M.L. Sartakova, and N.W. Charon. 2002. Asymmetrical flagellar rotation in Borrelia burgdorferi non-chemotaxis mutants. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 99:6169-6174.

Sleep on the right side-Get cancer on the left?

PubMed

Hallberg, Orjan; Johansson, Olle

2010-06-01

Breast cancer frequently occurs in the left breast among both women and men [R. Roychoudhuri, V. Putcha, H. Møller, Cancer and laterality: a study of the five major paired organs (UK), Cancer Causes Control 17 (2006) 655-662; M.T. Goodman, K.H. Tung, L.R. Wilkens, Comparative epidemiology of breast cancer among men and women in the US, 1996 to 2000, Cancer Causes Control 17 (2006) 127-136; C.I. Perkins, J. Hotes, B.A. Kohler, H.L. Howe, Association between breast cancer laterality and tumor location, United States, 1994-1998, Cancer Causes Control 15 (2004) 637-645; H.A. Weiss, S.S. Devesa, L.A. Brinton, Laterality of breast cancer in the United States, Cancer Causes Control 7 (1996) 539-543; A. Ekbom, H.O. Adami, D. Trichopoulos, M. Lambe, C.C. Hsieh, J. Pontén, Epidemiologic correlates of breast cancer laterality (Sweden), Cancer Causes Control 5 (1994) 510-516]. Moreover, recent results showed that the left side of the body is more prone to melanoma than the right side [D.H. Brewster, M.J. Horner, S. Rowan, P. Jelfs, E. de Vries, E. Pukkala, Left-sided excess of invasive cutaneous melanoma in six countries, Eur. J. Cancer 43 (2007) 2634-2637]. Current explanations for left-sided breast cancer include handedness [L. Titus-Ernstoff, P.A. Newcomb, K.M. Egan, et al., Left-handedness in relation to breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women, Epidemiology 11 (2000) 181-184; M.A. Kramer, S. Albrecht, R.A. Miller, Handedness and the laterality of breast cancer in women, Nurs. Res. 34 (1985) 333-337; M.K. Ramadhani, S.G. Elias, P.A. van Noord, D.E. Grobbee, P.H. Peeters, C.S. Uiterwaal, Innate left handedness and risk of breast cancer: case-cohort study, BMJ 331 (2005) 882-883], size difference, nursing preference, and brain structure. However, men are affected even more by left laterality than women, thus many of these explanations are unconvincing. Increasing rates of skin melanoma have been associated with immune-disruptive radiation from FM/TV transmitters [O

Global snowline and mountain topography: a contrasted view

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Champagnac, Jean-Daniel; Herman, Frédéric; Valla, Pierre

2013-04-01

topography and the rate of rock column uplift: a global perspective, Geomorphology, 122, 129-139, 10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.06.005, 2010. Porter, S. C.: Some geological implications of average Quaternary glacial conditions., Quaternary Research, 32, 245-261, 1989. Spotila, J. A., and Berger, A. L.: Exhumation at orogenic indentor corners under long-term glacial conditions: Example of the St. Elias orogen, Southern Alaska, Tectonophysics, 490, 241-256, doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2010.05.015, 2010.

Effects of the earthquake of March 27, 1964, on various communities: Chapter G in The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: effects on communities

USGS Publications Warehouse

Plafker, George; Kachadoorian, Reuben; Eckel, Edwin B.; Mayo, Lawrence R.

1969-01-01

more than 60 feet, that occurred in the Prince William Sound region during the earthquake. A train of long-period seismic sea waves that began about 20 minutes after the start of the earthquake inundated shores along the Gulf of Alaska coast to a maximum height of 35 feet above tide level. At the communities described, they virtually destroyed two logging camps at Whidbey Bay and Puget Bay on the south coast of the Kenai Peninsula, caused moderate damage to boat harbors and docks at Seldovia and Cordova, floated away some beach cabins in the Cordova area, and drowned two people, one at Point Whitshed near Cordora and one at the Cape Saint Elias Light Station. The seismic sea waves were generated by regional tectonic uplift of the sea floor on the Continental Shelf. Vertical tectonic displacements of the land relative to sea level that accompanied the earthquake affected virtually all the coastal communities. Tectonic subsidence of 5 to 6 feet, augmented locally by surficial subsidence of unconsolidated deposits required either the relocation or raising of structures at Portage, Girdwood, and Hope on Turnagain Arm. Shoreline submergence resulting from about 3½ feet of tectonic subsidence at Seldovia necessitated raising all waterfront facilities and the airstrip above the level of high tides. On the other hand, tectonic uplift of the land in the Prince Williams Sound region required deepening of the small-boat harbors at Cordora and Tatitlek, dredging of the waterways in the Cordova area, and lengthening of some docks or piers at Cordova, the Cape Hinchinbrook Light Station, and in Sawmill Bay. Significant structural damage from direct seismic shaking was largely confined to fluid containers and a pier facility near Kenai. Indirect damage from fissuring and differential settling of foundation mterials in the vicinity of the Cordova airfield mused damage to a building, underground utilities, an airfield fill, and the highway. Minor amounts of direct and indirect damage

EDITORIAL: Focus on Plasma Medicine

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Morfill, G. E.; Kong, M. G.; Zimmermann, J. L.

2009-11-01

-pressure microwave plasmas in an N2 and O2 gas mixture M K Singh, A Ogino and M Nagatsu Degradation of adhesion molecules of G361 melanoma cells by a non-thermal atmospheric pressure microplasma H J Lee, C H Shon, Y S Kim, S Kim, G C Kim and M G Kong The acidification of lipid film surfaces by non-thermal DBD at atmospheric pressure in air A Helmke, D Hoffmeister, N Mertens, S Emmert, J Schuette and W Vioel Reduction and degradation of amyloid aggregates by a pulsed radio-frequency cold atmospheric plasma jet D L Bayliss, J L Walsh, G Shama, F Iza and M G Kong The effect of low-temperature plasma on bacteria as observed by repeated AFM imaging René Pompl, Ferdinand Jamitzky, Tetsuji Shimizu, Bernd Steffes, Wolfram Bunk, Hans-Ulrich Schmidt, Matthias Georgi, Katrin Ramrath, Wilhelm Stolz, Robert W Stark, Takuya Urayama, Shuitsu Fujii and Gregor Eugen Morfill Removal and sterilization of biofilms and planktonic bacteria by microwave-induced argon plasma at atmospheric pressure Mi Hee Lee, Bong Joo Park, Soo Chang Jin, Dohyun Kim, Inho Han, Jungsung Kim, Soon O Hyun, Kie-Hyung Chung and Jong-Chul Park Cell permeabilization using a non-thermal plasma M Leduc, D Guay, R L Leask and S Coulombe Physical and biological mechanisms of direct plasma interaction with living tissue Danil Dobrynin, Gregory Fridman, Gary Friedman and Alexander Fridman Nosocomial infections-a new approach towards preventive medicine using plasmas G E Morfill, T Shimizu, B Steffes and H-U Schmidt Generation and transport mechanisms of chemical species by a post-discharge flow for inactivation of bacteria Takehiko Sato, Shiroh Ochiai and Takuya Urayama Low pressure plasma discharges for the sterilization and decontamination of surfaces F Rossi, O Kylián, H Rauscher, M Hasiwa and D Gilliland Contribution of a portable air plasma torch to rapid blood coagulation as a method of preventing bleeding S P Kuo, O Tarasenko, J Chang, S Popovic, C Y Chen, H W Fan, A Scott, M Lahiani, P Alusta, J D Drake and M Nikolic A two

Variations of marine pore water salinity and chlorinity in Gulf of Alaska sediments (IODP Expedition 341)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

März, Christian; Mix, Alan C.; McClymont, Erin; Nakamura, Atsunori; Berbel, Glaucia; Gulick, Sean; Jaeger, John; Schneider (LeVay), Leah

2014-05-01

of pore waters in continental margin settings has been reported in association with dissociating gas hydrate deposits (Hesse, 2003), but neither seismic profiles nor sediment records showed any indications for the presence of gas hydrates at the Gulf of Alaska sites. An alternative and intriguing explanation for these almost brackish waters in the glaciomarine shelf and slope deposits is the presence of glacial meltwater that could either be "fossil" (stored in the glaciomarine sediments since the last glacial termination) or "recent" (i.e., actively flowing from currently melting glaciers of the St. Elias Mountain Range along permeable layers within the shelf deposits). As these relatively fresh waters are found at three distinct drill sites, it can be assumed that they are distributed all along the Gulf of Alaska shelf and slope, and similar findings have been reported at other glaciated continental margins, e.g., off East Greenland (DeFoor et al., 2011) and Antarctica (Mann and Gieskes, 1975; Chambers, 1991; Lu et al., 2010). While a recent review has highlighted the importance of fresh and brackish water reservoirs in continental shelf deposits worldwide (Post et al., 2013), we suggest that climatic and depositional processes affecting glaciated continental margins (e.g., the release of huge amounts of fresh water from ice sheets and glaciers during glacial terminations, and the rapid deposition of unconsolidated sediments on the adjacent shelf) are particularly favourable for the storage and/or flow of meltwater below the present sea floor. Adkins JF, McIntyre K, Schrag DP (2002) The salinity, temperature, and d18O of the glacial deep ocean. Science 298, 1769-1773. Chambers SR (1991) Solute distributions and stable isotope chemistry of interstitial waters from Prydz Bay, Antarctica. Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program 119, 375-392. DeFoor W, Person M, Larsen HC, Lizarralde D, Cohen D, Dugam B (2011) Ice sheet-derived submarine groundwater discharge on

EDITORIAL: Northern Hemisphere high latitude climate and environmental change

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Groisman, Pavel; Soja, Amber

2007-10-01

funded projects (always with international participation) in the United States, Russian Federation, China, European Union, Japan, and Canada have been mutually united to explore the scientifically significant Northern Eurasian region. NEESPI scientists have been quite productive during the past two years (2005 2006) publishing more than 200 books, book chapters, and papers in refereed journals. NEESPI sessions at international conferences are open to everyone who works on environmental and climate change problems in Northern Eurasia and the circumpolar boreal zone. This thematic issue brings together articles from the authors who presented their latest results at the Annual Fall American Geophysical Union Meeting in San Francisco (December 2006). The research letters in this issue are preceded by two editorial papers (Leptoukh et al and Sherstyukov et al) devoted to informational support of research in the NEESPI domain that is critical to the success of the Initiative. The following papers are quite diverse and are assembled into five groups devoted to studies of climate and hydrology, land cover and land use, the biogeochemical cycle and its feedbacks, the cryosphere, and human dimensions in the NEESPI domain and the circumpolar boreal zone. Focus on Northern Hemisphere High Latitude Climate and Environmental Change Contents The articles below represent the first accepted contributions and further additions will appear in the near future. Editorials NASA NEESPI Data and Services Center for Satellite Remote Sensing Information Gregory Leptoukh, Ivan Csiszar, Peter Romanov, Suhung Shen, Tatiana Loboda and Irina Gerasimov NEESPI Science and Data Support Center for Hydrometeorological Information in Obninsk, Russia B G Sherstyukov, V N Razuvaev, O N Bulygina and P Ya Groisman Climate and hydrology Changes in the fabric of the Arctic's greenhouse blanket Jennifer A Francis and Elias Hunter Spatial variations of summer precipitation trends in South Korea, 1973 2005 Heejun

FOREWORD: International Summer School for Advanced Studies 'Dynamics of open nuclear systems' (PREDEAL12)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Delion, D. S.; Zamfir, N. V.; Raduta, A. R.; Gulminelli, F.

2013-02-01

the status of the equation of state, hyperonic and quark matter and neutrino physics, as well as the applications of nuclear structure in astrophysics, were also on the School's agenda. There were many discussions and questions both during and after presentations. An open and friendly atmosphere characterized our School, although different opinions quite often divided the participants. Many discussions continued during coffee breaks and excursions organized in the beautiful surroundings. We hope that this proceedings volume will be useful for future reference to both young scientists and senior researchers working in various fields of nuclear physics. We cannot end without expressing our many thanks to the National Authority for Scientific Research and the Romanian Academy (Elias Foundation) for their financial support. We acknowledge the Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering and Bioterra University for their important contribution in organizing the School. Guest Editors D S Delion, N V Zamfir, A R Raduta and F Gulminelli First Week International Summer School on Nuclear Physics: First Week Second Week International Summer School on Nuclear Physics: Second Week Sponsors Sponsor logoSponsor logoSponsor logoSponsor logoSponsor logo

The Gobbling Dwarf that Exploded

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

2007-07-01

100 is available as ESO Press Photo 08a/06. More Information These results are reported in a paper in Science Express published on 12 July 2007 ("Detection of circumstellar material in a normal Type Ia Supernova", by F. Patat et al.). The team is composed of F. Patat and L. Pasquini (ESO), P. Chandra and R. Chevalier (University of Virginia, USA), S. Justham, Ph. Podsiadlowski , and C. Wolf (University of Oxford, UK), A. Gal-Yam and J.D. Simon (California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA), I.A. Crawford (Birkbeck College London, UK), P.A. Mazzali, W. Hillebrandt, and N. Elias-Rosa (Max-Planck-Institute for Astrophysics, Garching, Germany), A.W.A. Pauldrach (Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany), K. Nomoto (University of Tokyo, Japan), S. Benetti, E. Cappellaro, A. Renzini , F. Sabbadin, and M. Turatto (INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico, Padova, Italy), D.C. Leonard (San Diego State University, USA), and A. Pastorello (Queen's University Belfast, UK). P.A. Mazzali is also associated with INAF/Trieste, Italy.

Saccharide Composition in Fine and Coarse Particulate Matter and Soils in Central Arizona and Use of Saccharides as Molecular Markers for Source Apportionment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jia, Y.; Clements, A.; Fraser, M.

2009-04-01

were analyzed in size segregated soil and ambient PM samples at Higley; intra- and inter- comparisons were made between the ambient PM and three types of soil dust samples (agricultural soil, native soil, road dust) based on the particle size (fine vs. coarse), seasonality, and relative composition of 12 saccharide compounds. Based on the ambient concentrations of major saccharides and a number of other specific compounds (including elemental and organic carbon, ions, metals, alkanes, organic acids, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) that are simultaneously resolved in Higley PM samples, a Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model was performed to determine the key contributors to PM10 and PM2.5 levels. Six distinct factors were isolated, with two factors dominated by the enrichment of saccharide compounds. There was not consistency between the source profiles of these two saccharide rich source factors with the saccharide composition of the local size-segregated soil samples, which implies that there may be other major sources contributing to ambient PM saccharides. One possible alternative is that PBAPs that are injected directly into the atmosphere instead of residing in the surface soil and being re-entrained through soil erosion or agricultural processing. To our knowledge, this study is the first of its kind to compare the saccharide composition between the fine and coarse fraction of different soils types in two seasons, and to relate the contribution from soil dust to ambient PM using saccharide species. REFERENCE [1] AirData: Access to Air Pollution data. [cited 2009 Jan 11, 2009]; Available from: http://www.epa.gov/air/data/index.html [2] Allergy and Asthma in the Southwestern United States. [cited 2009 Jan 11, 2009]; Available from: http://allergy.peds.arizona.edu/southwest/swpollen.html [3] Cox, C.S., Wathes, C.M., 1995. Bioaerosols Handbook, Lewis Publishers, NY [4] Simoneit, B.R.T., Elias, V.O., et al., 2004. "Sugars - Dominant water-soluble organic

"Missing Mass" Found in Recycled Dwarf Galaxies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

2007-05-01

remains a mystery. "Still, this new information about the matter comprising galactic disks should help us work toward a better understanding of their formation and evolution," Bournaud concluded. Bournaud and Duc worked with Mederic Boquien, also of the AIM laboratory (CEA/CNRS); Elias Brinks of the University of Hertfordshire in the UK; Phillipe Amram of the Astronomical Observatory of Marseille-Provence; Ute Lisenfeld of the University of Granada, Spain; Barbel S. Koribalski of the Australia Telescope National Facility; Fabian Walter of the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy in Heidelberg, Germany; and Vassilis Charmandaris of the University of Crete, Greece. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation, operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. The California Institute of Technology leads the Galaxy Evolution Explorer mission and is responsible for science operations and data analysis. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of Caltech, manages the mission and built the science instrument, and also manages the Spitzer Space Telescope.

List of Participants

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

2011-09-01

AbeTakashiUniversity of Tokyotabe@nt.phys.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp AmusiaMironRacah Institute of Physics, Jerusalemamusia@vms.huji.ac.il BaldoMarcelloINFN Cataniabaldo@ct.infn.it BansalManiePanjab University, Chandigarhbansalmanni@gmail.com BarrancoFranciscoUniversity of Sevillebarranco@us.es BertschGeorgeUniversity of Washington, Seattlebertsch@u.washington.edu BhagwatAmeeyaCBS Mumbaiameeya@kth.se BorderieBernardIPN Orsayborderie@ipno.in2p3.fr CarbonellJaumeLPSC Grenoblejaume.carbonell@lpsc.in2p3.fr CarlsonJoeLos Alamos National Laboratorycarlson@lanl.gov ColòGianlucaINFN - Università degli Studi di Milanocolo@mi.infn.it DanielewiczPawelNSCL, Michigan State Universitydanielewicz@nscl.msu.edu DescouvemontPierreUniversité Libre de Bruxellespdesc@ulb.ac.be Dohet-EralyJérémyUniversité Libre de Bruxellesjdoheter@ulb.ac.be DraayerJerryLouisiana State Universitydraayer@lsu.edu DufourMarianneIPHC, Université de Strasbourgmarianne.dufour@ires.in2p3.fr DuguetThomasCEA Saclaythomas.duguet@cea.fr DukelskyJorgeCSIC Madriddukelsky@iem.cfmac.csic.es EbranJean-PaulCEA-DAM, Arpajonebran@ipno.in2p3.fr FreerMartinUniversity of Birminghamm.freer@bham.ac.uk FujiiShinichiroUniversity of Tokyosfujii@cns.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp FunakiYasuroRIKEN Nishina Center, Wakofunaki@riken.jp GrassoMarcellaIPN Orsaygrasso@ipno.in2p3.fr HaginoKouichiTohoku Universityhagino@nucl.phys.tohoku.ac.jp HansenHubertUniversité Claude Bernard Lyon 1hansen@ipnl.in2p3.fr HolzmannMarkusLPMMC Grenoblemarkus@lptl.jussieu.fr HoriuchiHisashiRCNP, Osaka Universityhoriuchi@rcnp.osaka-u.ac.jp HoriuchiWataruGSI Darmstadtw.horiuchi@gsi.de HupinGuillaumeGANIL, Caenhupin@ganil.fr JinMengHuazhong Normal University, Wuhanjinm@iopp.ccnu.edu.cn KamimuraMasayasuRIKEN Nishina Center, Wakomkamimura@riken.jp Kanada-En'yoYoshikoKyoto Universityyenyo@ruby.scphys.kyoto-u.ac.jp KatoKiyoshiHokkaido University, Sapporokato@nucl.sci.hokudai.ac.jp KawabataTakahiroKyoto Universitykawabata@scphys.kyoto-u.ac.jp KhanEliasIPN Orsaykhan@ipno.in2p3.fr

Strong and Electroweak Matter 2004

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Eskola, Kari J.; Kainulainen, Kimmo; Kajantie, Keijo; Rummukainen, Kari

results confront models / M. D'Elia and M. P. Lombardo -- Singlet free energies of a static quark-antiquark pair / K. Petrov -- Contributions to transport theory from multi-particle interactions and production processes / M. E. Carrington -- Transport coefficients and the 2PI effective action in the large N limit / G. Aarts and J. M. Martinez Resco -- Thermal features far from equilibrium: prethermalization / S. Borsányi -- QCD phase diagram at small Baryon densities from imaginary [symbol]: status report / O. Philipsen and Ph. de Forcrand -- Two loop renormalisation of the magnetic coupling in hot QCD and spatial Wilson loop / P. Giovannangeli -- Thermodynamics of deconfined QCD at small and large chemical potential / A. Ipp -- Evading the infrared problem of thermal QCD / Y. Schroder -- Chiral mesons in hot matter / A. Gómez Nicola, F. J. Llanes-Estrada and J. R. Peláez -- Thermal production of axinos in the early universe / A. Brandenburg and F. D. Steffen -- The 2-PI-1/N approximation applied to tachyonic preheating / A. Tranberg, A. Arrizabalaga and J. Smit -- Nonequilibrium dynamics in scalar hybrid models / J. Baacke and A. Heinen -- Photon mass in inflation and nearly minimal magnetogenesis / T. Prokopec -- Transport equations for chiral fermions to order [symbol] and electroweak Baryogenesis / S. Weinstock, M. G. Schmidt and T. Prokopec -- The gapless 2SC phase / M. Huang and I. A. Shovkovy -- Gapless CFL and its competition with mixed phases / M. Alford, C. Kouvaris and K. Rajagopal -- Transport coefficients in color superconducting quark matter / C. Manuel -- Renormalization and resummation in finite temperature field theories / A. Jakovác and Zs. Szép -- Renormalization and gauge symmetry for 2PI effective actions / U. Reinosa -- Out-of-equilibrium massless Schwinger model / R. F. Alvarez-Estrada -- Selfconsistent calculations of hadrons at finite temperature / C. Beckmann -- Fermion production in classical fields / D. D. Dietrich -- Numerical study of

New VLA Images Unlocking Galactic Mysteries

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

2008-01-01

start the process of star formation. "Using the data from THINGS in combination with observations from NASA's space telescopes has allowed us to investigate how the processes leading to star formation differ in big spiral galaxies like our own and much smaller, dwarf galaxies," said Adam Leroy and Frank Bigiel of the Max-Planck Insitute for Astronomy at the Austin AAS meeting. Because atomic hydrogen emits radio waves at a specific frequency, astronomers can measure motions of the gas by noting the Doppler shift in frequency caused by those motions. "Because the THINGS images are highly detailed, we have been able to measure both the rotational motion of the galaxies and non-circular random motions within the galaxies," noted Erwin de Blok of the University of Cape Town, South Africa. Galaxy Dynamics in THINGS The motion measurements are providing new information about the mysterious, unseen "dark matter" in the galaxies. "The non-circular motions revealed by the THINGS observations, turn out to be too small to solve a long-standing problem in cosmology, namely the inability of state-of-the-art computer simulations to describe the distribution of dark matter in disk galaxies. It was thought that random motions could explain that inability, but our data show otherwise," de Blok explained. The THINGS images revealed what Elias Brinks of the University of Hertfordshire, UK, called a "stunning complexity of structures in the tenuous interstellar medium of the galaxies." These structures include large shells and "bubbles," presumably caused by multiple supernova explosions of massive stars. Analyzing the detail of these complex structures will help astronomers better understand the differences in star formation processes in the varied types of galaxies. Even such a simple question such as how big are the disks of gas in spiral galaxies had largely eluded astronomers previously. "The quality and sensitivity of the THINGS images has allowed us to see the actual edges of these

In situ measurement of the Icelandic Holuhraun/ Bárðarbunga volcanic plume in an early "young state" using a LOAC

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vignelles, Damien; Roberts, Tjarda; Carboni, Elisa; Ilyinskaya, Evgenia; Dagsson Waldhauserovà, Pavla; Berthet, Gwenael; Jegou, Fabrice; Baptiste Renard, Jean; Olafsson, Haraldur; Bergsson, Baldur; Yeo, Richard; Fannar Reynisson, Njall; Grainger, Roy; Pfeffer, Melissa; Lurton, Thibaut; Duverger, Vincent; Coute, Benoit

2016-04-01

analysis of IASI satellite remote sensing data, thus demonstrating in-situ validation of this recent satellite algorithm (Carboni et al. 2015). This experimentation shows that under such difficult field campaign conditions (strong wind, low temperatures, only car batteries for power supply, night time and active volcano close to the launch site) it is possible to launch meteorological balloons with novel payloads to directly sample in-situ the near-source plume, determine the plume altitude, identify dynamical phases of the plume and document the size distribution of particles inside a plume which is only a quarter of an hour old. Carboni, E., Grainger, R., Walker, J., Dudhia, A., Siddans, R.: A new scheme for sulphur dioxide retrieval from IASI measurements: application to the Eyjafjallajökull eruption of April and May 2010, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 11417-11434, 2012/doi:10.5194/acp-12-11417-2012, 2012. Gíslason, S.R., Stefánsdóttir, G., Pfeffer, M.A., Barsotti, S., Jóhannsson, Th., Galeczka, I., Bali, E., Sigmarsson, O., Stefánsson, A., Keller, N.S., Sigurdsson, Á., Bergsson, B., Galle, B., Jacobo, V.C., Arellano, S., Aiuppa, A., Jónasdóttir, E.B., Eiríksdóttir, E.S., Jakobsson, S., Guðfinnsson, G.H., alldórsson, S.A., Gunnarsson, H., Haddadi, B., Jónsdóttir, I., Thordarson, Th., Riishuus, M., ögnadóttir, Th., Dürig, T., Pedersen, G.B.M., Höskuldsson, Á., Gudmundsson, M.T.: Environmental pressure from the 2014-15 eruption of Bárðarbunga volcano, Iceland. Geochem. Persp. Let. 1, 84-93, 2015. Renard, J.B., Dulac, F., Berthet, G., Lurton, T., Vignelles, D., Jégou, F., Tonnelier, T., Thaury, C., Jeannot, M., Couté, B., Akiki, R., Verdier, N., Mallet, M., Gensdarmes, F., Charpentier, P., Duverger, V., Dupont, J.V., Mesmin, S., Elias, T., Crenn, V., Sciare, J., Giacomoni, J., Gobbi, M., Hamonou, E., Olafsson, H., Dagsson-Waldhauserova, P., Camy-Peyret, C., Mazel, C., Décamps, T., Piringer, M., Surcin, J., and Daugeron, D.: LOAC: a small aerosol optical

PREFACE: Preface

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Angelova, Maia; Zakrzewski, Wojciech

2011-03-01

the meeting was that all plenary talks presented the state-of-the-art and were at the same time educational and exciting, promoting the multidisciplinary aspects of the research, and thus were inspirational for young scientists considering work in these fields. The plenary talks, each lasting 1 hour, were given by distinguished world experts and some young 'rising stars': Richard Ward, Ulf Leonhardt, Jens Eisert, Michael Berry, Shahn Majid, Arndt von Haeseler, Michio Jimbo, Katrin Wendland, Raymond Goldstein, Mark Trodden, Maria Vozmediano and Giulio Chiribella. The public lecture was given by Francesco Iachello and was open to participants and other people from the Newcastle-Durham region. In addition, talks of 30 minutes duration each and including more technical content, were given in four parallel sessions. Each parallel session had a designated time for informal interaction with the speakers, discussions of new directions of research and for forming new collaborations. The poster session, in a room where posters were exhibited for the duration of the conference, was easily accessible, and had a friendly and relaxed atmosphere, encouraging discussions of work and exchanges of new ideas. To secure a high quality scientific programme, all contributions were reviewed. Another interesting feature of the conference was the Open Forum on the Friday afternoon, which was lively and well attended. It took the form of a question and answer session with a panel chaired by Allan Solomon, with the following members: Gerald Goldin, Jean-Pierre Gazeau, Mark Trodden and Giulio Chiribella. The focus was on new directions of research, novel applications and the further development of group theory, education, training and career opportunities for young researchers. The participants were asked to submit questions in advance; examples are: "What is the role of symmetries and conservation principles in deducing underlying physics from experimental data?" and "What are the most

a Passage to the Universe

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

1995-11-01

a concluding Press Conference , during which the outcome of this unique event will be summarized by the participants and the organisers: Monday, November 20, 1995, 15:30 pm, at the ESO Headquarters, Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany List of National First-Prize Winners Belgium: Mr. Freddy Allemeersch (Teacher), Mr. Pieter De Ceuninck, Mr. Jeroen Staelens (Onze-Lieve-Vrouwecollege, Brugge) Denmark: Mr. Joern C. Olsen, Mr. Henrik Struckmann, Mr. Uffe A. Hansen, Mr. Mogens Winther (Teacher) (Soenderborg Amtsgymnasium) Finland: Mr. Reima Eresmaa, Ms. Laura Elina Nykyri, Ms. Reetamaija Janhonen (Cygnaeues-Lukeo, Jyvaeskylae and Jyvaeskylaen Lyseon Lukeo) France: Mr. Rene Cavaroz (Teacher), Mr. Vincent Hardy, Mr. Antoine Lesuffleur (Lycee Chartier, Bayeux) Germany: Ms. Dorothee Barth, Mr. Walter Czech (Teacher), Mr. Uwe Kranz, Ms. Karin Wieland (Immanuel-Kant-Gymnasium, Leinfelden-Echterdingen, Baden-Wuerttemberg) Greece: Ms. Agni Ioannidi, Ms. Elena Katifori, Mr. Vassilis Samiotis, Mr. Vassillos Tzotzes (Teacher) (Second Varvakelo Experimental Lyceum, Athens) Ireland: Mr. Declan Maccuarta (Teacher), Mr. Colm Mcloughlin (St. Peter's College, Wexford, Co. Wexford) Italy: Mr. Pasquale Ciarletta, Ms. Francesca D'elia, Ms. Ada Fortugna (Teacher), Mr. Alfredo Pudano (Liceo Scientifico `Leonardo da Vinci', Reggio Calabria) The Netherlands: Mr. Alex De Beer, Mr. Klaas Huijbregts, Mr. Ruud Nellen (Norbertuscollege, Rosendaal) Spain: Mr. Aritz Atela Aio, Mr. Julen Sarasola Manich (Teacher), Mr. Jon Huertas Rodriquez (Txorierri Batxilergoko Institua, Derio Bizkaia) Sweden: Mr. Rahman Amanullah, Mr. Kjell L. Bonander (Teacher), Mr. Tomas Oppelstrup, Ms. Christin Wiedemann (Saltsjoebadens Samskola, Saltsjoebaden) United Kingdom: Mr. Michael Ching, Dr. Richard Field (Teacher) (Oundle School, Peterborough) National Committees Further information about the national contests may be obtained from the National Committees: Belgium: Dr. C. Sterken, Vrije Universiteit

PREFACE: The IARU International Scientific Congress on Climate Change: Global Risks, Challenges and Decisions (10-12 March, Copenhagen, Denmark)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

2009-01-01

revitalization of ecosystem services Key Message 6: Meeting the Challenge To achieve the societal transformation required to meet the climate change challenge, we must overcome a number of significant constraints and seize critical opportunities These include reducing inertia in social and economic systems; building on a growing public desire for governments to act on climate change; removing implicit and explicit subsidies; reducing the influence of vested interests that increase emissions and reduce resilience; enabling the shifts from ineffective governance and weak institutions to innovative leadership in government, the private sector and civil society; and engaging society in the transition to norms and practices that foster sustainability The editors of the volume are all the session chairs: Professor Agus Sari Dr Aled Jones Science Manager Anders Viksø-Nielsen Dr Andreas Barkman Professor Anette Reenberg Professor Ann Henderson-Sellers Professor Anthony J McMichael Dr Anthony Patt Dr Bette Otto-Bliesner Dr Cameron Hepburn Dr Carlos Nobre Dr Carol Turley Dr Chris Hope Professor Chris Turney Professor Claus Felby Professor Coleen Vogel Professor Dale Jamieson Professor Daniel M Kammen Senior Scientist Detlef F Sprinz Professor Diana Ürge-Vorsatz Professor Dorthe Dahl-Jensen PhD Fatima Denton Director Generel Frances Seymour Dr Frank Jotzo Professor Harold Mooney Director Henrik Bindslev Mr Jamie Pittock Professor Jacquie Burgess Dr James E Hansen Professor Jiahua Pan Dr Jill Jäger Professor Jim Skea Professor Johan Rockström Dr John Christensen Professor John Mitchell Professor John R Porter Professor Joyeeta Gupta Professor Jørgen E Olesen Professor Karen O'Brien Dr Kazuhiko Takeuchi Dr Katrine Krogh Andersen Professor Keith Paustian Professor Ken Caldeira Professor Kevin Anderson Dr Koko Warner Professor Konrad Steffen Professor Liping Zhou Professor Louise Fresco Professor Maria Carmen Lemos Professor Mark Ashton Dr Mark Stafford-Smith Dr Martin Claussen Dr Martin

List of Participants

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

2007-11-01

Heller Jagiellonian University, Krakow Samuli Hemming University of Iceland Yasuaki Hikida DESY, Hamburg Christian Hillmann Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, Potsdam Stephan Hoehne Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München Gabriele Honecker CERN, Geneva Carlos Hoyos University of Wales, Swansea Mechthild Huebscher Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Madrid Matthias Ihl University of Texas at Austin Emiliano Imeroni University of Wales, Swansea Nikos Irges University of Crete Negru Iulian University of Craiova Matthias Kaminski Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München Stefanos Katmadas Universiteit Utrecht Shoichi Kawamoto Oxford University Christoph Keller Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, Zürich Arjan Keurentjes Vrije Universiteit, Brussel Sadi Khodaee Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, Iran Michael Kiermaier Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA Elias Kiritsis Centre de Physique Théorique, École Polytechnique, Palaiseau and University of Crete Ingo KirschEidgenössische Technische Hochschule, Zürich Johanna Knapp CERN, Geneva Paul Koerber Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München Simon Koers Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München Anatoly Konechny Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh Peter Koroteev Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP), Moscow Daniel KreflLudwig-Maximilians-Universität and Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München Chethan KrishnanUniversité Libre de Bruxelles Stanislav Kuperstein Université Libre de Bruxelles Alberto Lerda Università del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria Roman Linares Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana, Iztapalapa, México Maria A Lledo Universidad de Valencia Dieter Luest Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität and Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München Joseph Lykken Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), Batavia, IL Carlo Maccaferri Vrije Universiteit, Brussel Oscar Macia Universidad de Valencia Tristan Maillard Centre de

EDITORIAL: Focus on Iron-Based Superconductors FOCUS ON IRON-BASED SUPERCONDUCTORS

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hosono, Hideo; Ren, Zhi-An

2009-02-01

Elastic theory for the vortex-lattice melting in iron-based high-Tc superconductors Q-H Chen, Q-M Nie, J-P Lv and T-C Au Yeung Electronic properties of LaO1-xFxFeAs in the normal state probed by NMR/NQR H-J Grafe, G Lang, F Hammerath, D Paar, K Manthey, K Koch, H Rosner, N J Curro, G Behr, J Werner, N Leps, R Klingeler, H-H Klauss, F J Litterst and B Büchner AFe2As2 (A = Ca, Sr, Ba, Eu) and SrFe2-xTMxAs2 (TM = Mn, Co, Ni): crystal structure, charge doping, magnetism and superconductivity Deepa Kasinathan, Alim Ormeci, Katrin Koch, Ulrich Burkhardt, Walter Schnelle, Andreas Leithe-Jasper and Helge Rosner Impurity states in a family of antiferromagnetic iron arsenides Qiang Han and Z D Wang Coherence-incoherence crossover in the normal state of iron oxypnictides and importance of Hund's rule coupling K Haule and G Kotliar Electronic structure of heavily electron-doped BaFe1.7Co0.3As2 studied by angle-resolved photoemission Y Sekiba, T Sato, K Nakayama, K Terashima, P Richard, J H Bowen, H Ding, Y-M Xu, L J Li, G H Cao, Z-A Xu and T Takahashi Absorption and photoemission spectroscopy of rare-earth oxypnictides T Kroll, F Roth, A Koitzsch, R Kraus, D R Batchelor, J Werner, G Behr, B Büchner and M Knupfer Superconductivity in LnFePO (Ln = La, Pr and Nd) single crystals R E Baumbach, J J Hamlin, L Shu, D A Zocco, N M Crisosto and M B Maple Unconventional pairing originating from disconnected Fermi surfaces in the iron-based superconductor Kazuhiko Kuroki, Seiichiro Onari, Ryotaro Arita, Hidetomo Usui, Yukio Tanaka, Hiroshi Kontani and Hideo Aoki Near-degeneracy of several pairing channels in multiorbital models for the Fe pnictides S Graser, T A Maier, P J Hirschfeld and D J Scalapino Investigation of superconducting gap structure in TbFeAsO0.9F0.1 using point contact Andreev reflection K A Yates, K Morrison, J A Rodgers, G B S Penny, J-W G Bos, J P Attfield and L F Cohen Competition of magnetism and superconductivity in underdoped (Ba1-xKx)Fe2As2 Marianne Rotter, Marcus

Young Astronomers' Observe with ESO Telescopes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

1995-11-01

somewhat similar to the Earth, but it is too cold for life as we know it, and because of its comparatively small size, the atmospheric pressure is very low. It would in principle be possible to detect the outermost planet with the HST, if the distance to this planetary system was less than about 30 light-years. Ireland: Mr. Declan MacCuarta (Teacher), Mr. Colm McLoughlin (St. Peter's College, Wexford, Co. Wexford) The nearest star, Alpha Centauri, is a double star and a hypothetical planetary system around the A-component, a solar-type star, is studied in some detail. The presence of the companion star makes some planetary orbits unstable. In this project, 4 planets are placed within 2 AU (300 million km) of the central star; 3 of these are terrestrial (no. 3 is Earth-like) and the outermost is a small gaseous planet. Cometary orbits may be very complex in this gravitatinal field. A planetary system like the one described may be barely observable with the Hubble Space Telescope, and only if one of the planets passes in front of the star (an `occultation') and its light diminishes accordingly. Italy: Mr. Pasquale Ciarletta, Ms. Francesca D'elia, Ms. Ada Fortugna (Teacher), Mr. Alfredo Pudano (Liceo Scientifico `Leonardo da Vinci', Reggio Calabria) This group built a spectrograph from scratch, with a grating and all the usual optical parts. They were able to calibrate the solar spectrum with the help of standard lamps and in this way, they observed several prominent, solar absorption lines. Among them were the H-alpha line at 6562 A, the sodium D-lines at 5890--96 And the magnesium triplet near 5175 A. These observations were made with the eye and also with the photographic recording technique. They were planning to observe the spectra of some stars also, but in the end time was too short and they had to hurry to send in the report. The Netherlands: Mr. Alex De Beer, Mr. KlAs Huijbregts, Mr. Ruud Nellen (Norbertuscollege, RosendAl) This team has designed their own planetary

List of Participants

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

2008-11-01

MoralIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Università di Torino Valentina Giangreco Marotta PulettiUppsala University Valeria L GiliQueen Mary, University of London Luciano GirardelloUniversità di Milano-Bicocca Gian GiudiceCERN, Geneva Kevin Goldstein Institute for Theoretical Physics, Utrecht University Joaquim Gomis Universitat de Barcelona Pietro Antonio GrassiUniversità del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria Viviane GraßLudwig-Maximilians-Universität, München Gianluca Grignani Università di Perugia Luca Griguolo Università di Parma Johannes GrosseJagiellonian University, Krakow Umut Gursoy École Polytechnique, Palaiseau Norberto Gutierrez RodriguezUniversity of Oviedo Babak HaghighatPhysikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn Troels Harmark Niels Bohr Institute, København Robert HaslhoferEidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH), Zürich Tae-Won HaPhysikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn Alexander HauptImperial College London and Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik (AEI), Potsdam Marc HenneauxUniversité Libre de Bruxelles Johannes HennLAPTH, Annecy-le-Vieux Shinji HiranoNiels Bohr Institute, København Stefan HoheneggerEidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH), Zürich Jan HomannLudwig-Maximilians-Universität, München Gabriele Honecker CERN, Geneva Joost HoogeveenInstituut voor Theoretische Fysica, Universiteit van Amsterdam Mechthild HuebscherUniversidad Autónoma de Madrid Chris HullImperial College London Carmen-Liliana IonescuUniversity of Craiova Ella JasminUniversité Libre de Bruxelles Konstantin KanishchevInstitute of Theoretical Physics, University of Warsaw Stefanos Katmadas Utrecht University Alexandros KehagiasNational Technical University of Athens Christoph Keller Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH), Zürich Patrick Kerner Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München Rebiai KhaledLaboratoire de Physique Mathématique et Physique Subatomique, Université Mentouri, Constantine Elias Kiritsis Centre de Physique Théorique, �

EDITORIAL: Special issue on applied neurodynamics: from neural dynamics to neural engineering Special issue on applied neurodynamics: from neural dynamics to neural engineering

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chiel, Hillel J.; Thomas, Peter J.

2011-12-01

-LXIII (London: Royal Society) Ralph T C and Pryde G J 2010 Progress in Optics vol 54, ed E Wolf (New York: Elsevier) pp 209-79 (arXiv:1103.6071) Rashevsky N 1960 Mathematical Biophysics: Physico-Mathematical Foundations of Biology vol 1 3rd edn (New York: Dover) pp 375-462 (first edition 1938) Rinzel J and Ermentrout G B 1989 Analysis of neuronal excitability and oscillations Methods in Neuronal Modeling ed C Koch and I Segev (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press) pp 135-69 Rosin B, Nevet A, Elias S, Rivlin-Etzion M, Israel Z and Bergman H 2007 Physiology and pathophysiology of the basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical networks Parkinsonism Relat. Disord. 13 S437-9 Spardy L E, Markin S N, Shevtsova N A, Prilutsky B I, Rybak I A and Rubin J E 2011a A dynamical systems analysis of afferent control in a neuromechanical model of locomotion: I. Rhythm generation J. Neural Eng. 8 065003 Spardy L E, Markin S N, Shevtsova N A, Prilutsky B I, Rybak I A and Rubin J E 2011b A dynamical systems analysis of afferent control in a neuromechanical model of locomotion: II. Phase asymmetry J. Neural Eng. 8 065004 Steane A 1998 Quantum computing Rep. Prog. Phys. 61 117-73 Strogatz S H 1994 Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos: with Applications to Physics, Biology, Chemistry, and Engineering (Cambridge, MA: Perseus) Thomas P J 2011 A lower bound for the first passage time density of the suprathreshold Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process J. Appl. Probab. 48 420-34 White J A, Rubinstein J T and Kay A R 2000 Channel noise in neurons Trends Neurosci. 23 131-7 Wilson H R and Cowan J D 1972 Excitatory and inhibitory interactions in localized populations of model neurons Biophys. J. 12 1-24 Wilson H R and Cowan J D 1973 A mathematical theory of the functional dynamics of cortical and thalamic nervous tissue Biol. Cybern. 13 55-80