Sample records for em fields produced

  1. MMAB Sea Ice Analysis Page

    Science.gov Websites

    . Consequently we produce two sorts of field. One is suitable for use by models, the global field. And the other color bar gif of the Alaska Region map Previous Alaska Region Maps NCEP MMAB Interactive Sea Ice Image Generation Animation Alaska Region Sea of Okhotsk and Sea of Japan - current figure concentration color bar

  2. E.O. Lawrence

    Science.gov Websites

    and records of achievement of their greatest men in five different fields, to the Nobel Foundation at envisioned a radically different course - one which did not have those difficulties attendant upon the use of produced by the cyclotron is of a completely different order of magnitude from that given by any other

  3. Press Release | News | Page 3

    Science.gov Websites

    , technology, engineering and math fields. New world-leading limit on dark matter search from PICO experiment February 27, 2017 The PICO-60 dark matter bubble chamber experiment has produced a new dark matter limit . Construction of world's most sensitive dark matter detector moves forward September 26, 2016 LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ), a

  4. Pulse - Accelerator Science in Medicine

    Science.gov Websites

    imaging the human body. Many of medicine's most powerful diagnostic tools incorporate technology that is a technique used to produce high quality images of the inside of the human body. MRI is based on new generation of high-field superconducting MRI magnets will help unlock the secrets of the human

  5. Bioenergy Sustainability Analysis | Bioenergy | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    and bioenergy systems produce benefits and also impacts to air, water, and land locally, regionally overlap are photos of water, a tree branch with a city in the background, two children walking in a field photo and contains the text: Environmental Sustainability: Climate, Soil quality, Water quality and

  6. U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Secretary Spencer Abraham's Statement on

    Science.gov Websites

    superconducting magnets that are used to produce powerful magnetic fields for the standard body scanning technique called magnetic resonance imaging, or MRI. Researchers hope to harness superconductivity for such

  7. 2-D modelling and simulation of EM brake for liquid steel

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Aslan, Necdet; Senturk, Kenan; Tessarotto, Massimo

    2003-11-01

    The problem of EM control of bottom tapping in steelmaking metallurgy is an old and well known challenge not only from the technological viewpoint but also, potentially, an interesting and still open theoretical problem, from the viewpoint of the investigation of the detailed MHD phenomena occurring in EM braking devices [1]. Purpose of the present work is the formulation of a 2-D MHD model for a DC EM braking device, which includes the consistent modelization of inductive EM fields produced by the conductive fluid, large scale turbulence, boundary conditions for the EM fields and thermal effects. The mathematical model has been implemented in a new 2-D MHD code developed for this purpose [2], based on the so-called fluctuation splitting and dual-time stepping methods, respectively, to advance in time the fluid fields and satisfy the relevant incompressibility-solenoidality conditions for the fluid mass velocity and the magnetic field. Main goal of the investigation is the analysis of the nonlinear phenomena occurring in the process of slowing down of a column of liquid steel under the action of the EM brake, and in particular the detailed description of the effects of large scale turbulence produced by the action of Lorentz force on the fluid, their influence on the magnitude of the inductive EM fields and the performance of the EM brake itself. REFERENCES [1] A.Codutti, A.Martinis, M.Pavlicevic, M.Tessarotto and D.Batic, Proc. 3rd International Symposium on EMP (Nagoya, Japan, April 2000), p.530 (2000). [2] N.Aslan, K.Senturk and M.Tessarotto, Efficient 2-D solver for incompressible magnefluids, communication at this Conference (2003).

  8. On the Addition of EM Field Propagation and Coupling Effects in the BLT Equation. Revision

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2004-06-08

    which collectively are referred to as high power electromagnetic ( HPEM ) fields, could be inadvertent, like the environment produced by a search...either case, the effects of these HPEM fields may include system upset, and in some cases, permanent damage. Figure 1 illustrates a simple example of...an electrical system excited by an external HPEM source. This energy source can provide either a narrow-band pulsed EM field, or a fast transient

  9. Electric Field Strength Of Coherent Radio Emission In Rock Salt Concerning Ultra High-Energy Neutrino Detection

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Watanabe, Y.; Chiba, M.; Yasuda, O.

    2006-07-12

    Detection possibility of ultra high-energy (UHE) neutrino (E >1015 eV) in natural huge rock salt formation has been studied. Collision between the UHE neutrino and the rock salt produces electromagnetic (EM) shower. Charge difference (excess electrons) between electrons and positrons in EM shower radiates radio wave coherently (Askar'yan effect). Angular distribution and frequency spectrum of electric field strength of radio wave radiated from 3-dimensional EM shower in rock salt are presented.

  10. BIM-Sim: Interactive Simulation of Broadband Imaging Using Mie Theory

    PubMed Central

    Berisha, Sebastian; van Dijk, Thomas; Bhargava, Rohit; Carney, P. Scott; Mayerich, David

    2017-01-01

    Understanding the structure of a scattered electromagnetic (EM) field is critical to improving the imaging process. Mechanisms such as diffraction, scattering, and interference affect an image, limiting the resolution, and potentially introducing artifacts. Simulation and visualization of scattered fields thus plays an important role in imaging science. However, EM fields are high-dimensional, making them time-consuming to simulate, and difficult to visualize. In this paper, we present a framework for interactively computing and visualizing EM fields scattered by micro and nano-particles. Our software uses graphics hardware for evaluating the field both inside and outside of these particles. We then use Monte-Carlo sampling to reconstruct and visualize the three-dimensional structure of the field, spectral profiles at individual points, the structure of the field at the surface of the particle, and the resulting image produced by an optical system. PMID:29170738

  11. Realization of a quantum gate using gravitational search algorithm by perturbing three-dimensional harmonic oscillator with an electromagnetic field

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sharma, Navneet; Rawat, Tarun Kumar; Parthasarathy, Harish; Gautam, Kumar

    2016-06-01

    The aim of this paper is to design a current source obtained as a representation of p information symbols \\{I_k\\} so that the electromagnetic (EM) field generated interacts with a quantum atomic system producing after a fixed duration T a unitary gate U( T) that is as close as possible to a given unitary gate U_g. The design procedure involves calculating the EM field produced by \\{I_k\\} and hence the perturbing Hamiltonian produced by \\{I_k\\} finally resulting in the evolution operator produced by \\{I_k\\} up to cubic order based on the Dyson series expansion. The gate error energy is thus obtained as a cubic polynomial in \\{I_k\\} which is minimized using gravitational search algorithm. The signal to noise ratio (SNR) in the designed gate is higher as compared to that using quadratic Dyson series expansion. The SNR is calculated as the ratio of the Frobenius norm square of the desired gate to that of the desired gate error.

  12. Radiation from particles moving in small-scale magnetic fields created in solid-density laser-plasma laboratory experiments

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Keenan, Brett D., E-mail: bdkeenan@ku.edu; Medvedev, Mikhail V.

    2015-11-15

    Plasmas created by high-intensity lasers are often subject to the formation of kinetic-streaming instabilities, such as the Weibel instability, which lead to the spontaneous generation of high-amplitude, tangled magnetic fields. These fields typically exist on small spatial scales, i.e., “sub-Larmor scales.” Radiation from charged particles moving through small-scale electromagnetic (EM) turbulence has spectral characteristics distinct from both synchrotron and cyclotron radiation, and it carries valuable information on the statistical properties of the EM field structure and evolution. Consequently, this radiation from laser-produced plasmas may offer insight into the underlying electromagnetic turbulence. Here, we investigate the prospects for, and demonstrate themore » feasibility of, such direct radiative diagnostics for mildly relativistic, solid-density laser plasmas produced in lab experiments.« less

  13. Homogenization of Electromagnetic and Seismic Wavefields for Joint Inverse Modeling

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Newman, G. A.; Commer, M.; Petrov, P.; Um, E. S.

    2011-12-01

    A significant obstacle in developing a robust joint imaging technology exploiting seismic and electromagnetic (EM) wave fields is the resolution at which these different geophysical measurements sense the subsurface. Imaging of seismic reflection data is an order of magnitude finer in resolution and scale compared to images produced with EM data. A consistent joint image of the subsurface geophysical attributes (velocity, electrical conductivity) requires/demands the different geophysical data types be similar in their resolution of the subsurface. The superior resolution of seismic data results from the fact that the energy propagates as a wave, while propagation of EM energy is diffusive and attenuates with distance. On the other hand, the complexity of the seismic wave field can be a significant problem due to high reflectivity of the subsurface and the generation of multiple scattering events. While seismic wave fields have been very useful in mapping the subsurface for energy resources, too much scattering and too many reflections can lead to difficulties in imaging and interpreting seismic data. To overcome these obstacles a formulation for joint imaging of seismic and EM wave fields is introduced, where each data type is matched in resolution. In order to accomplish this, seismic data are first transformed into the Laplace-Fourier Domain, which changes the modeling of the seismic wave field from wave propagation to diffusion. Though high frequency information (reflectivity) is lost with this transformation, several benefits follow: (1) seismic and EM data can be easily matched in resolution, governed by the same physics of diffusion, (2) standard least squares inversion works well with diffusive type problems including both transformed seismic and EM, (3) joint imaging of seismic and EM data may produce better starting velocity models critical for successful reverse time migration or full waveform imaging of seismic data (non transformed) and (4) possibilities to image across multiple scale lengths, incorporating different types of geophysical data and attributes in the process. Important numerical details of 3D seismic wave field simulation in the Laplace-Fourier domain for both acoustic and elastic cases will also be discussed.

  14. Ascertaining top evidence in emergency medicine: A modified Delphi study.

    PubMed

    Bazak, Stephanie J; Sherbino, Jonathan; Upadhye, Suneel; Chan, Teresa

    2018-06-21

    CLINICIAN'S CAPSULE What is known about the topic? EM is a specialty with a broad knowledge base making it daunting for a junior resident to know where to begin the acquisition of evidence-based knowledge. What did the study ask? What list of "top papers" was formulated in the field of EM using a national Canadian Delphi approach to achieve an expert consensus? What did the study find? A list was produced of top studies relevant for Canadian EM physicians in training. Why does this study matter to clinicians? The list produced can be used as an educational resource for junior residents.

  15. BIM-Sim: Interactive Simulation of Broadband Imaging Using Mie Theory

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Berisha, Sebastian; van Dijk, Thomas; Bhargava, Rohit; Carney, P. Scott; Mayerich, David

    2017-02-01

    Understanding the structure of a scattered electromagnetic (EM) field is critical to improving the imaging process. Mechanisms such as diffraction, scattering, and interference affect an image, limiting the resolution and potentially introducing artifacts. Simulation and visualization of scattered fields thus plays an important role in imaging science. However, the calculation of scattered fields is extremely time-consuming on desktop systems and computationally challenging on task-parallel systems such as supercomputers and cluster systems. In addition, EM fields are high-dimensional, making them difficult to visualize. In this paper, we present a framework for interactively computing and visualizing EM fields scattered by micro and nano-particles. Our software uses graphics hardware for evaluating the field both inside and outside of these particles. We then use Monte-Carlo sampling to reconstruct and visualize the three-dimensional structure of the field, spectral profiles at individual points, the structure of the field at the surface of the particle, and the resulting image produced by an optical system.

  16. Interaction with the lower ionosphere of electromagnetic pulses from lightning - Heating, attachment, and ionization

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Taranenko, Y. N.; Inan, U. S.; Bell, T. F.

    1993-01-01

    A Boltzmann formulation of the electron distribution function and Maxwell's equations for the EM fields are used to simulate the interaction of lightning radiated EM pulses with the lower ionosphere. Ionization and dissociative attachment induced by the heated electrons cause significant changes in the local electron density, N(e). Due to 'slow' field changes of typical lightning EM pulses over time scales of tens of microsec, the distribution function follows the quasi-equilibrium solution of the Boltzmann equation in the altitude range of interest (70 to 100 km). The EM pulse is simulated as a planar 100 microsec long single period oscillation of a 10 kHz wave injected at 70 km. Under nighttime conditions, individual pulses of intensity 10-20 V/m (normalized to 100 km horizontal distance) produce changes in N(e) of 1-30 percent while a sequence of pulses leads to strong modification of N(e) at altitudes less than 95 km. The N(e) changes produce a 'sharpening' of the lower ionospheric boundary by causing a reduction in electron density at 75-85 km (due to attachment) and a substantial increase at 85-95 km (due to ionization) (e.g., the scale height decreases by a factor of about 2 at about 85 km for a single 20 V/m EM pulse). No substantial N(e) changes occur during daytime.

  17. Ion Acoustic Wave Frequencies and Onset Times During Type 3 Solar Radio Bursts

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Cairns, Iver H.; Robinson, P. A.

    1995-01-01

    Conflicting interpretations exist for the low-frequency ion acoustic (S) waves often observed by ISEE 3 in association with intense Langmuir (L) waves in the source regions of type III solar radio bursts near 1 AU. Two indirect lines of observational evidence, as well as plasma theory, suggest they are produced by the electrostatic (ES) decay L yields L(PRIME) + S. However, contrary to theoretical predictions, an existing analysis of the wave frequencies instead favors the electromagnetic (EM) decays L yields T + S, where T denotes an EM wave near the plasma frequency. This conflict is addressed here by comparing the observed wave frequencies and onset times with theoretical predictions for the ES and EM decays, calculated using the time-variable electron beam and magnetic field orientation data, rather than the nominal values used previously. Field orientation effects and beam speed variations are shown analytically to produce factor-of-three effects, greater than the difference in wave frequencies predicted for the ES and EM decays; effects of similar magnitude occur in the events analyzed here. The S-wave signals are extracted by hand from a sawtooth noise background, greatly improving the association between S waves and intense L waves. Very good agreement exists between the time-varying predictions for the ES decay and the frequencies of most (but not all) wave bursts. The waves occur only after the ES decay becomes kinematically allowed, which is consistent with the ES decay proceeding and producing most of the observed signals. Good agreement exists between the EM decay's predictions and a significant fraction of the S-wave observations while the EM decay is kinematically allowed. The wave data are not consistent, however, with the EM decay being the dominant nonlinear process. Often the observed waves are sufficiently broadband to overlap simultaneously the frequency ranges predicted for the ES and EM decays. Coupling the dominance of the ES decay with this frequency overlap provides support for a previous suggestion that fundamental emission occurs when the EM decay is stimulated by the ES decay product waves. The periods in which the ES and EM decays produce observable S waves are consistent with the observed and (independently) predicted times of fundamental and harmonic radio emission. This supports interpretation of fundamental emission as stimulated EM decay and harmonic emission as the coalescence L + L(prime) yields T of beam-generated L waves and L(prime) waves produced by the ES decay, where T denotes an electromagnetic wave at twice the plasma frequency. Analysis of the electron beam data reveals that the time-varying beam speed is consistent with ballistic beam propagation with minimal energy loss, implying that the beam propagates in a state close to time- and volume-averaged marginal stability. This confirms a central tenet of the stochastic growth theory for type III bursts.

  18. Alternative Fuels Data Center

    Science.gov Websites

    independent agricultural producers enter into or expand value-added activities, including innovative uses of agricultural projects, such as biofuels production. Eligible applicants include independent producers, farmer and rancher cooperatives, agricultural producer groups, and majority-controlled producer-based

  19. NREL Scientists Report First Solar Cell Producing More Electrons In

    Science.gov Websites

    Photocurrent Than Solar Photons Entering Cell | News | NREL NREL Scientists Report First Solar Cell Producing More Electrons In Photocurrent Than Solar Photons Entering Cell News Release: NREL Scientists Report First Solar Cell Producing More Electrons In Photocurrent Than Solar Photons Entering Cell

  20. Project Atlas Field Definitions | NOAA Gulf Spill Restoration

    Science.gov Websites

    Archive Home Project Atlas Field Definitions Project Atlas Field Definitions Field Definition Project Title The Project Title as listed in the Final Early Restoration Plan and Environmental Assessment (FERP /EA). General Information: Project Description Narrative description of the project. General

  1. Design of an 81.25 MHz continuous-wave radio-frequency quadrupole accelerator for Low Energy Accelerator Facility

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ma, Wei; Lu, Liang; Xu, Xianbo; Sun, Liepeng; Zhang, Zhouli; Dou, Weiping; Li, Chenxing; Shi, Longbo; He, Yuan; Zhao, Hongwei

    2017-03-01

    An 81.25 MHz continuous wave (CW) radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) accelerator has been designed for the Low Energy Accelerator Facility (LEAF) at the Institute of Modern Physics (IMP) of the Chinese Academy of Science (CAS). In the CW operating mode, the proposed RFQ design adopted the conventional four-vane structure. The main design goals are providing high shunt impendence with low power losses. In the electromagnetic (EM) design, the π-mode stabilizing loops (PISLs) were optimized to produce a good mode separation. The tuners were also designed and optimized to tune the frequency and field flatness of the operating mode. The vane undercuts were optimized to provide a flat field along the RFQ cavity. Additionally, a full length model with modulations was set up for the final EM simulations. Following the EM design, thermal analysis of the structure was carried out. In this paper, detailed EM design and thermal simulations of the LEAF-RFQ will be presented and discussed. Structure error analysis was also studied.

  2. NREL to Lead Novel Field Demonstration of Wind Turbine Control at the Wind

    Science.gov Websites

    Power Plant Level | News | NREL to Lead Novel Field Demonstration of Wind Turbine Control at the Wind Power Plant Level NREL to Lead Novel Field Demonstration of Wind Turbine Control at the Wind to test wind turbine technology controls at the overall wind power plant level. This is a significant

  3. EM61-MK2 Response of Three Munitions Surrogates

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2009-03-12

    time-domain electromagnetic induction sensors, it produces a pulsed magnetic field (primary field) that induces a secondary field in metallic objects...selected and marked as potential metal targets. This initial list of anomalies is used as input to an analysis step that selects anomalies for digging...response of a metallic object to an Electromagnetic Induction sensor is most simply modeled as an induced dipole moment represented by a magnetic

  4. Alternative Fuels Data Center

    Science.gov Websites

    producers for up to $2.1053 per million British Thermal Unit (MMbtu) for advanced biofuel produced from cellulosic biomass and $1.053 per MMbtu for advanced biofuel produced from sugar- or starch-based crops information, see the Advanced Biofuels Production Incentive Program website. (Reference Minnesota Statutes 41A

  5. Rewiring Algae's Catalytic Circuits - Continuum Magazine | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    with labels depicting the engineering of hydrogen-producing enzyme to create a hydrogen production circuit to increase hydrogen during photosynthesis. Engineering of the hydrogen-producing enzyme to create circuits, or pathways. To do so, they would replace the normal hydrogen-producing enzyme, hydrogenase

  6. NREL Adds Solar Array Field to Help Inform Consumers | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    PV modules at NREL's new solar array field. Workers install PV modules just north of the NREL parking be Added Each Year Once completed, the new solar array field will house four rows of PV modules. The the lifetime of a PV system, and that increases the per-kilowatt-hour cost of generating solar

  7. Hydrogen Data | Geospatial Data Science | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    Hydrogen Data Hydrogen Data This hydrogen data estimates the potential for producing hydrogen from Coordinate System Name: GCS_North_American_1983 Coverage File Last Updated Metadata KMZ File Hydrogen Zip of hydrogen could be produced annually from wind, solar, and biomass resources in the United States

  8. Imaging and modeling new VETEM data

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Wright, David L.; Smith, David V.; Abraham, Jared D.; Hutton, Raymond S.; Bond, E. Kent; Cui, Tie Jun; Aydiner, Alaeddin A.; Chew, Weng Cho

    2000-01-01

    In previously reported work (Wright and others, 2000) we found that the very early time electromagnetic (VETEM) prototype system produced data from which high resolution images of a buried former foundry site at the Denver Federal Center were made. The soil covering the site is about 30 mS/m conductivity, and is thus relatively unfavorable for ground penetrating radar (GPR) imaging. We have surveyed portions of this site again with new electric field dipole antennas and a new receiver designed for these antennas. Comparisons of the images produced using the loop antennas to those produced using the electric field dipole antennas illustrate that for this application the loop antennas produced more useful images. The larger man-made structures can be seen more clearly because they are not masked by dispersion and/or smaller scale variations as with the electric field dipole antennas. The VETEM system now contains an array of antennas with appropriate transmitters and receivers and can be operated as a low frequency time domain GPR or as a high frequency time domain electromagnetic (EM) system with several possible antenna spacings and polarizations. We plan to examine additional configurations. Numerical modeling of the perpendicular loop antenna configuration has been done and depth estimates produced. We conclude that, as with other GPR and time domain EM systems, the best choice of operating parameters depends on the application and the environment, but the inherent flexibility of the VETEM system allows a wide range of options.

  9. Design, manufacture and performance evaluation of HTS electromagnets for the hybrid magnetic levitation system

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chu, S. Y.; Hwang, Y. J.; Choi, S.; Na, J. B.; Kim, Y. J.; Chang, K. S.; Bae, D. K.; Lee, C. Y.; Ko, T. K.

    2011-11-01

    A high speed electromagnetic suspension (EMS) maglev has emerged as the solution to speed limit problem that conventional high-speed railroad has. In the EMS maglev, small levitation gap needs uniform guide-way which leads to increase the construction cost. The large levitation gap can reduce the construction cost. However it is hard for normal conducting electromagnet to produce larger magneto-motive force (MMF) for generating levitation force as increased levitation gap. This is because normal conductors have limited rating current to their specific volume. Therefore, the superconducting electromagnet can be one of the solutions for producing both large levitation gap and sufficient MMF. The superconducting electromagnets have incomparably high allowable current density than what normal conductors have. In this paper, the prototype of high temperature superconducting (HTS) electromagnets were designed and manufactured applicable to hybrid electromagnetic suspension system (H-EMS). The H-EMS consists of control coils for levitation control and superconducting coils for producing MMF for levitation. The required MMF for generating given levitation force was calculated by both equations of ideal U-core magnet and magnetic field analysis using the finite element method (FEM). The HTS electromagnets were designed as double pancakes with Bi-2223/Ag tapes. Experiments to confirm its operating performance were performed in liquid nitrogen (LN2).

  10. NREL Researchers Capture Excess Photon Energy to Produce Solar Fuels | News

    Science.gov Websites

    applied to produce extra chemical reactions or stored energy in chemical bonds." The maximum generation for photoelectrochemical hydrogen evolution reactions with quantum yields exceeding 100%, co that MEG enhancement in a chemical bond rather than just in the electrical current," Beard said

  11. NREL Produces Ethylene via Photosynthesis | News | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    process, by contrast, produces ethylene by using carbon dioxide, which is food for the bacteria. That three tons that would be emitted by tapping fossil fuels and another three tons absorbed by the bacteria currently hitting plants, algae and bacteria capable of producing fuels directly. Ten years ago, a group of

  12. A reciprocity formulation for the EM scattering by an obstacle within a large open cavity

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Pathak, Prabhakar H.; Burkholder, Robert J.

    1993-01-01

    A formulation based on a generalized reciprocity theorem is developed for analyzing the external high frequency EM scattering by a complex obstacle inside a relatively arbitrary open-ended waveguide cavity when it is illuminated by an external source. This formulation is also extended to include EM fields whose time dependence may be nonperiodic. A significant advantage of this formulation is that it allows one to break up the analysis into two independent parts; one deals with the waveguide cavity shape alone and the other with the obstacle alone. The external scattered field produced by the obstacle (in the presence of the waveguide cavity structure) is given in terms of a generalized reciprocity integral over a surface S(T) corresponding to the interior waveguide cavity cross section located conveniently but sufficiently close to the obstacle. Furthermore, the fields coupled into the cavity from the source in the exterior region generally need to propagate only one-way via the open front end (which is directly illuminated) to the interior surface S(T) in this approach, and not back, in order to find the external field scattered by the obstacle.

  13. NREL/PG&E Condensation System Increases Geothermal Power Plant Efficiency

    Science.gov Websites

    . Geothermal power plants like The Geysers produce energy by collecting steam from underground reservoirs and NREL/PG&E Condensation System Increases Geothermal Power Plant Efficiency For more information world's largest producer of geothermal power has improved its power production efficiency thanks to a new

  14. Coming Soon: More Cyber Careers?

    Science.gov Websites

    exploring the possibility of creating a cyber career field for Army civilians," Lt. Gen. Edward C Programs and Posture," April 14. Establishing a cyber career management field for civilians may be working to implement a cyber career management field for enlisted personnel that will encompass accessions

  15. Kristin Field-Macumber | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    . Education M.S. Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, Building Systems Program, University of Colorado at Boulder B.S. Civil Engineering, University of Texas at Austin B.A. Sociology/Spanish, Rice Engineering Kristin.Field-Macumber@nrel.gov | 303-384-7376 Kristin joined NREL in January 2009. Her expertise

  16. Alternative Fuels Data Center: Natural Gas Fuel Basics

    Science.gov Websites

    -derived natural gas, renewable natural gas-which is produced from decaying organic materials-must be on organic materials. Alternatively, renewable natural gas (RNG), also known as biomethane, is produced from organic materials-such as waste from landfills and livestock-through anaerobic digestion. RNG

  17. Popular Science Recognizes Innovative Solar Technologies

    Science.gov Websites

    photovoltaic (solar electric) modules to produce standard household current are listed among the magazine's photovoltaic module that produces standard household, or alternating current (AC). Ascension Technology's SunSineTM 300 AC photovoltaic module has a built-in microinverter that eliminates the need for direct

  18. Media Library

    Science.gov Websites

    Mississippi River carries 500 million tons of sediment into the Gulf of Mexico. Much of it is agricultural Sustainably farmed produce in Africa Sustainably farmed produce in Africa. Cinzana Agricultural Research

  19. In vitro assessment of the immunity of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators to magnetic fields of 50/60 Hz.

    PubMed

    Katrib, J; Nadi, M; Kourtiche, D; Magne, I; Schmitt, P; Souques, M; Roth, P

    2013-10-01

    Public concern for the compatibility of electromagnetic (EM) sources with active implantable medical devices (AIMD) has prompted the development of new systems that can perform accurate exposure studies. EM field interference with active cardiac implants (e.g. implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs)) can be critical. This paper describes a magnetic field (MF) exposure system and the method developed for testing the immunity of ICD to continuous-wave MFs. The MFs were created by Helmholtz coils, housed in a Faraday cage. The coils were able to produce highly uniform MFs up to 4000 µT at 50 Hz and 3900 µT at 60 Hz, within the test space. Four ICDs were tested. No dysfunctions were found in the generated MFs. These results confirm that the tested ICDs were immune to low frequency MFs.

  20. About | ScienceCinema

    Science.gov Websites

    ScienceCinema Database Search DOE ScienceCinema for Multimedia × Find + Fielded Search Audio Search × Fielded Search Title: × Description/Abstract: × Bibliographic Data: × Author/Speaker: × Name Name ORCID Media can search for specific words and phrases, and precise snippets of the video where the search term was

  1. Alternative Fuels Data Center: Ethanol Fuel Basics

    Science.gov Websites

    ethanol. Ethanol Energy Balance In the United States, 95% of ethanol is produced from the starch in corn demonstrates a positive energy balance, meaning that the process of producing ethanol fuel does not require energy balance of ethanol because the feedstocks are either waste, co-products of another industry (wood

  2. Alternative Fuels Data Center

    Science.gov Websites

    format to determine RINs for each physical gallon of renewable fuel produced in or imported into the -character number assigned to each physical gallon of renewable fuel produced or imported. Obligated parties Transaction System (EMTS). The RIN is attached to the physical gallon of renewable fuel as it is transferred

  3. NAM Products

    Science.gov Websites

    Available NAM 218 AWIPS Grid - CONUS (12-km Resolution; full complement of pressure level fields and some ; full complement of surface-based fields) Filename Inventory nam.tccz.awip12fh.tm00.grib2 FH00 FH01 fh.xxxx_tl.press_gr.grbgrd NAM 242 AWIPS Grid - Over Alaska (11.25 KM Resolution; full complement of pressure level fields

  4. Electromagnetic Counterparts to Black Hole Mergers

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Schnittman, Jeremy D.

    2011-01-01

    During the final moments of a binary black hole (BH) merger, the gravitational wave (GW) luminosity of the system is greater than the combined electromagnetic (EM) output of the entire observable universe. However, the extremely weak coupling between GWs and ordinary matter makes these waves very difficult to detect directly. Fortunately, the inspirating BH system will interact strongly-on a purely Newtonian level-with any surrounding material in the host galaxy, and this matter can in turn produce unique EM signals detectable at Earth. By identifying EM counterparts to GW sources, we will be able to study the host environments of the merging BHs, in turn greatly expanding the scientific yield of a mission like LISA. Here we present a comprehensive review of the recent literature on the subject of EM counterparts, as well as a discussion of the theoretical and observational advances required to fully realize the scientific potential of the field.

  5. Help | ScienceCinema

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    ScienceCinema Database Search DOE ScienceCinema for Multimedia × Find + Fielded Search Audio Search × Fielded Search Title: × Description/Abstract: × Bibliographic Data: × Author/Speaker: × Name Name ORCID Media ScienceCinema? ScienceCinema allows users to search for specific words and phrases spoken within video files

  6. : | ScienceCinema

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    ScienceCinema Database Search DOE ScienceCinema for Multimedia × Find + Fielded Search Audio Search × Fielded Search Title: × Description/Abstract: × Bibliographic Data: × Author/Speaker: × Name Name ORCID Media Oldest) Title (# to Z) OSTI ID (Highest to Lowest) Close Clear All Find ScienceCinema Search Results

  7. Alternative Fuels Data Center: Biobutanol

    Science.gov Websites

    retrofits of existing corn ethanol plants. The fuel is produced through fermentation of corn feedstock and Process for Producing Butanol from Corn Fermentation Life-cycle Assessment of Corn-Based Butanol as a

  8. NREL Develops Novel Method to Produce Renewable Acrylonitrile | News | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    to Produce Renewable Acrylonitrile December 7, 2017 Research paves the way for cost-competitive , and Eric Karp, part of the NREL team working on a cost-competitive, sustainable process for creating traditional process in terms of cost and yield. Now, new NREL research is showing promise toward achieving

  9. Publications | Concentrating Solar Power | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    -including technical reports, journal articles, and conference papers-about its research and development (R Block and Balance of Plant R&D Supercritical CO2 Water Cooling Wet Dry Solar Field R&D Reflector Absorber Receivers Durability Solar field Thermal Energy Storage and Heat Transfer Fluids R&D Storage

  10. Student Internships

    Science.gov Websites

    Nanotechnologies (CINT) Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL Engineering Institute Information Science & Technology Institute Center for Space and Earth Science Integrated Nanotechnologies Lujan Neutron Scattering Center National High Magnetic Field Lab Quantum

  11. Electromagnetically induced acoustic emission—novel NDT technique for damage evaluation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Finkel, P.; Godinez, V.; Miller, R.; Finlayson, R.

    2001-04-01

    A recently developed electromagnetically induced acoustic emission technique (EM AE) which can be used for damage assessment of thin walled conducting structures is described. This technique allows a structure to be loaded locally by applying an electromagnetic field in order to produce an AE response, which may be captured by conventional or fiber optic (FO) AE sensors. The advantage of this technique is that the localized dynamic stresses induced by a short current pulse in the presence of an external magnetic field aid in the detection of cracks. Also, it is shown that electromagnetic stimulation can be applied to enhance conventional ultrasonics by modulation of the scattered signal from the defect (EM UT). Experimental data is presented for the case of a fatigue crack near rivet holes in thin walled aluminum structures.

  12. Concentrating Solar Power Projects - Guzmán | Concentrating Solar Power |

    Science.gov Websites

    ) Owner(s): FCC Energy (70%) Mitsui (30%) Technology: Parabolic trough Turbine Capacity: Net: 50.0 MW -Field Outlet Temp: 393°C Solar-Field Temp Difference: 100°C Power Block Turbine Capacity (Gross): 50.0 MW Turbine Capacity (Net): 50.0 MW Turbine Manufacturer: Man-Turbo Turbine Description: 5 extractions

  13. Multimedia: Frontiers in Laser Cooling, Single-Molecule Biophysics, and

    Science.gov Websites

    ScienceCinema Database Search DOE ScienceCinema for Multimedia × Find + Fielded Search Audio Search × Fielded Search Title: × Description/Abstract: × Bibliographic Data: × Author/Speaker: × Name Name ORCID Media Oldest) Title (# to Z) OSTI ID (Highest to Lowest) Close Clear All Find ScienceCinema Search Results

  14. Contact Us | ScienceCinema

    Science.gov Websites

    ScienceCinema Database Search DOE ScienceCinema for Multimedia × Find + Fielded Search Audio Search × Fielded Search Title: × Description/Abstract: × Bibliographic Data: × Author/Speaker: × Name Name ORCID Media site. × Speaker Select Last Name: First Name: Search Results Selected Speakers Type in a name, or the

  15. Concentrating Solar Power Projects - ISCC Hassi R'mel | Concentrating Solar

    Science.gov Websites

    solar power (CSP) project, with data organized by background, participants, and power plant consists of a 150 MWe hybrid power plant composed of a combined cycle and a 20 MWe solar thermal plant : Abener Operator(s): Abener Generation Offtaker(s): Sonatrach Plant Configuration Solar Field Solar-Field

  16. ACHP | Working Together to Build a More Inclusive Preservation Program

    Science.gov Websites

    has worked in the southwest for more than 25 years conducting anthropology, archaeology, and history these groups make to our collective history. Her current research projects involve Hispano history in field? My field is anthropology. My interest in archaeology, history, and the diversity of culture has

  17. Staff - Jennifer E. Athey | Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical

    Science.gov Websites

    multiple data management projects from digital field data collection to data compilation projects to Surveys Digital Data Series 14, http://doi.org/10.14509/photodb. http://doi.org/10.14509/29735 Athey, J.E increasing communication about digital geologic field mapping, in Soller, D.R., ed. Digital Mapping

  18. Design and testing of access-tube TDR soil water sensor

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    We developed the design of a waveguide on the exterior of an access tube for use in time-domain reflectometry (TDR) for in-situ soil water content sensing. In order to optimize the design with respect to sampling volume and losses, we derived the electromagnetic (EM) fields produced by a TDR sensor...

  19. Dynamic control of laser driven proton beams by exploiting self-generated, ultrashort electromagnetic pulses

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kar, S.; Ahmed, H.; Nersisyan, G.; Brauckmann, S.; Hanton, F.; Giesecke, A. L.; Naughton, K.; Willi, O.; Lewis, C. L. S.; Borghesi, M.

    2016-05-01

    As part of the ultrafast charge dynamics initiated by high intensity laser irradiations of solid targets, high amplitude EM pulses propagate away from the interaction point and are transported along any stalks and wires attached to the target. The propagation of these high amplitude pulses along a thin wire connected to a laser irradiated target was diagnosed via the proton radiography technique, measuring a pulse duration of ˜20 ps and a pulse velocity close to the speed of light. The strong electric field associated with the EM pulse can be exploited for controlling dynamically the proton beams produced from a laser-driven source. Chromatic divergence control of broadband laser driven protons (upto 75% reduction in divergence of >5 MeV protons) was obtained by winding the supporting wire around the proton beam axis to create a helical coil structure. In addition to providing focussing and energy selection, the technique has the potential to post-accelerate the transiting protons by the longitudinal component of the curved electric field lines produced by the helical coil lens.

  20. Dynamic control of laser driven proton beams by exploiting self-generated, ultrashort electromagnetic pulses

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Kar, S., E-mail: s.kar@qub.ac.uk; Ahmed, H.; Nersisyan, G.

    As part of the ultrafast charge dynamics initiated by high intensity laser irradiations of solid targets, high amplitude EM pulses propagate away from the interaction point and are transported along any stalks and wires attached to the target. The propagation of these high amplitude pulses along a thin wire connected to a laser irradiated target was diagnosed via the proton radiography technique, measuring a pulse duration of ∼20 ps and a pulse velocity close to the speed of light. The strong electric field associated with the EM pulse can be exploited for controlling dynamically the proton beams produced from amore » laser-driven source. Chromatic divergence control of broadband laser driven protons (upto 75% reduction in divergence of >5 MeV protons) was obtained by winding the supporting wire around the proton beam axis to create a helical coil structure. In addition to providing focussing and energy selection, the technique has the potential to post-accelerate the transiting protons by the longitudinal component of the curved electric field lines produced by the helical coil lens.« less

  1. Electromagnetic field interactions with the human body: Observed effects and theories

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Raines, J. K.

    1981-01-01

    The effects of nonionizing electromagnetic (EM) field interactions with the human body were reported and human related studies were collected. Nonionizing EM fields are linked to cancer in humans in three different ways: cause, means of detection, and effective treatment. Bad and benign effects are expected from nonionizing EM fields and much more knowledge is necessary to properly categorize and qualify EM field characteristics. It is concluded that knowledge of the boundary between categories, largely dependent on field intensity, is vital to proper future use of EM radiation for any purpose and the protection of the individual from hazard.

  2. Student Financial Assistance | Nova Southeastern University

    Science.gov Websites

    SharkLink Student Portal Graduate & Professional Master's Over 60 degrees in fields like business and information sciences, and pharmacy. Professional Programs in high demand fields such as medicine Benefits Loans Payment Plans Net Price Calculator Graduate & Professional Scholarships Grants Student

  3. Veterans Education Benefits | Nova Southeastern University

    Science.gov Websites

    SharkLink Student Portal Graduate & Professional Master's Over 60 degrees in fields like business and information sciences, and pharmacy. Professional Programs in high demand fields such as medicine Benefits Loans Payment Plans Net Price Calculator Graduate & Professional Scholarships Grants Student

  4. Donald Baker | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    -7162 Don assists with the installation and maintenance of the NWTC's field test turbines as well as with test article installations and testing in the Structural Testing Laboratory and both dynamometer facilities. He participates in the operation and maintenance of the field test sites and meteorological

  5. Concentrating Solar Power Projects - Kathu Solar Park | Concentrating Solar

    Science.gov Websites

    ): Eskom Plant Configuration Solar Field Heat-Transfer Fluid Type: Thermal oil Solar-Field Inlet Temp: 293Â (Net): 100.0 MW Output Type: Steam Rankine Thermal Storage Storage Type: 2-tank indirect Storage Capacity: 4.5 hours Thermal Storage Description: Molten salt

  6. James McCall | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    include techno-economic analyses for various renewable technologies, economic and employment impacts, and gas producer Research Interests Energy Water Nexus Techno-economic Analysis Economic and Employment

  7. Defense.gov - Warrior Games

    Science.gov Websites

    Warrior Games Archery, Track & Field More Videos at DoD Vclips Photo Essays Track and Field, Day 4 Army vs. Air Force in Volleyball More Photo Essays Click here for the 2011 Warrior Games Home Profiles Bios Event Schedule Stories Games Closing Marks New Beginning COLORADO SPRINGS, Colo., May 15, 2010

  8. Norman Ramsey and the Separated Oscillatory Fields Method

    Science.gov Websites

    methods of investigation; in particular, he contributed many refinements of the molecular beam method for the study of atomic and molecular properties, he invented the separated oscillatory field method of atomic and molecular spectroscopy and it is the practical basis for the most precise atomic clocks

  9. National Centers for Environmental Prediction

    Science.gov Websites

    /NDAS Output Fields (contents, format, grid specs, output frequency, archive): The NWP model The horizontal output grid The vertical grid Access to fields Anonymous FTP Access Permanent Tape Archive

  10. Pesticide Manufacturers, Formulators, Producers, and Registrants

    Science.gov Websites

    International Apollo Industries, Inc. (see Apollo Technologies, Inc.) Apollo Technologies, Inc. Applied Products, Inc.) SPECKoZ, Inc. Spectrum Brands (aka Spectrum Group) Speer Products, Inc. (see Apollo

  11. Alternative Fuels Data Center

    Science.gov Websites

    with gasoline; natural gas and liquid fuels domestically produced from natural gas; propane; coal -derived liquid fuels; hydrogen; electricity; pure biodiesel (B100); fuels, other than alcohol, derived

  12. DOE Research and Development Accomplishments Tag Cloud

    Science.gov Websites

    Experimental experiments Fermi field fields First Fission Fossil Free fuel fuels function Fusion Future Gamma you to non-federal websites. Their policies may differ from this site. Website Policies/Important

  13. DOE Research and Development Accomplishments Fielded Search

    Science.gov Websites

    Physicists Nobel Chemists Medicine Nobels Explore dropdown arrow Insights Blog Archive SC Stories Snapshots R /Issue Date Ascending Descending All Fields Bibliographic Data Title Author(s) Number Submit Clear Some

  14. Publications - GMC 396 | Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical

    Science.gov Websites

    DGGS GMC 396 Publication Details Title: Drill records, logs, reports, field notes, and cross sections Bibliographic Reference Andover Ventures, Inc., 2011, Drill records, logs, reports, field notes, and cross

  15. On coincident loop transient electromagnetic induction logging

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Swidinsky, Andrei; Weiss, Chester J.

    Coincident loop transient induction wireline logging is examined as the borehole analog of the well-known land and airborne time-domain electromagnetic (EM) method. The concept of whole-space late-time apparent resistivity is modified from the half-space version commonly used in land and airborne geophysics and applied to the coincident loop voltages produced from various formation, borehole, and invasion models. Given typical tool diameters, off-time measurements with such an instrument must be made on the order of nanoseconds to microseconds — much more rapidly than for surface methods. Departure curves of the apparent resistivity for thin beds, calculated using an algorithm developed tomore » model the transient response of a loop in a multilayered earth, indicate that the depth of investigation scales with the bed thickness. Modeled resistivity logs are comparable in accuracy and resolution with standard frequency-domain focused induction logs. However, if measurement times are longer than a few microseconds, the thicknesses of conductors can be overestimated, whereas resistors are underestimated. Thin-bed resolution characteristics are explained by visualizing snapshots of the EM fields in the formation, where a conductor traps the electric field while two current maxima are produced in the shoulder beds surrounding a resistor. Radial profiling is studied using a concentric cylinder earth model. Results found that true formation resistivity can be determined in the presence of either oil- or water-based mud, although in the latter case, measurements must be taken several orders of magnitude later in time. Lastly, the ability to determine true formation resistivity is governed by the degree that the EM field heals after being distorted by borehole fluid and invasion, a process visualized and particularly evident in the case of conductive water-based mud.« less

  16. On coincident loop transient electromagnetic induction logging

    DOE PAGES

    Swidinsky, Andrei; Weiss, Chester J.

    2017-05-31

    Coincident loop transient induction wireline logging is examined as the borehole analog of the well-known land and airborne time-domain electromagnetic (EM) method. The concept of whole-space late-time apparent resistivity is modified from the half-space version commonly used in land and airborne geophysics and applied to the coincident loop voltages produced from various formation, borehole, and invasion models. Given typical tool diameters, off-time measurements with such an instrument must be made on the order of nanoseconds to microseconds — much more rapidly than for surface methods. Departure curves of the apparent resistivity for thin beds, calculated using an algorithm developed tomore » model the transient response of a loop in a multilayered earth, indicate that the depth of investigation scales with the bed thickness. Modeled resistivity logs are comparable in accuracy and resolution with standard frequency-domain focused induction logs. However, if measurement times are longer than a few microseconds, the thicknesses of conductors can be overestimated, whereas resistors are underestimated. Thin-bed resolution characteristics are explained by visualizing snapshots of the EM fields in the formation, where a conductor traps the electric field while two current maxima are produced in the shoulder beds surrounding a resistor. Radial profiling is studied using a concentric cylinder earth model. Results found that true formation resistivity can be determined in the presence of either oil- or water-based mud, although in the latter case, measurements must be taken several orders of magnitude later in time. Lastly, the ability to determine true formation resistivity is governed by the degree that the EM field heals after being distorted by borehole fluid and invasion, a process visualized and particularly evident in the case of conductive water-based mud.« less

  17. Berkeley Lab Scientists to Play Role in New Space Telescope

    Science.gov Websites

    circling distant suns, among other science aims. The Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope (WFIRST) will Hubble Space Telescope's Wide Field Camera 3 infrared imager. A Hubble large-scale mapping survey of the survey of the M31 galaxy (shown here) required 432 "pointings" of its imager, while only two

  18. Staff - Marwan A. Wartes | Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical

    Science.gov Websites

    programs, offering expertise in sedimentary geology and tectonics. My background is primarily in outcrop : Archives of coupled structural and sedimentary processes (GSA/AAPG) FIELD TRIP LEADERSHIP 2017, Field trip China: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 75, no. 2, p. 268-279. Carroll, A.R., and Wartes, M.A., 2003

  19. Transmission Electron Microscopy | Materials Science | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    bright-field images and bright in dark-field images. It is particularly useful for imaging non , because when an experimental image is recorded one loses phase information, and this means one cannot

  20. Hybrid Electric Vehicle Basics | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    design-In this design, the energy conversion unit and an electric propulsion system are connected . Series design-In this design, the primary engine is connected to a generator that produces electricity

  1. News

    Science.gov Websites

    Search News Comments Updated 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ... 188 Default Air Force Logo Air Force transitions to Field from May 2-4. (U.S. Air Force photo by Staff Sgt. Ryan Conroy) SECAF visits Hurlburt for AFSOC mission immersion Secretary of the Air Force Heather Wilson visited Hurlburt Field May 2-4 for her Air

  2. Concentrating Solar Power Projects - La Africana | Concentrating Solar

    Science.gov Websites

    : Posadas (Córdoba) Owner(s): Ortiz/TSK/Magtel (100%) Technology: Parabolic trough Turbine Capacity: Net -Field Outlet Temp: 393°C Solar-Field Temp Difference: 100°C Power Block Turbine Capacity (Gross): 50.0 MW Turbine Capacity (Net): 50.0 MW Output Type: Steam Rankine Cooling Method: Wet cooling Thermal

  3. Concentrating Solar Power Projects - Ilanga I | Concentrating Solar Power |

    Science.gov Websites

    Fluid Type: Thermal oil Solar-Field Inlet Temp: 293°C Solar-Field Outlet Temp: 393°C Power Block Turbine Capacity (Gross): 100.0 MW Turbine Capacity (Net): 100.0 MW Output Type: Steam Rankine Thermal Storage Storage Type: 2-tank indirect Storage Capacity: 4.5 hours Thermal Storage Description: Molten salt

  4. DGIC Interconnection Insights | Distributed Generation Interconnection

    Science.gov Websites

    Power Association (SEPA), produced a webinar Utility Participation in the Roof Top Solar PV Market with ). These leaders are pioneering utility-owned rooftop solar programs to broaden the reach of solar PV utility hired solar PV developers who, representing CPS Energy, will install, own, and maintain solar

  5. CIDR

    Science.gov Websites

    Statistics Quality Control Statistics CIDR is dedicated to producing the highest quality data for our investigators. These cumulative quality control statistics are based on data from 419 released CIDR Program

  6. Publications - GMC 211 | Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical

    Science.gov Websites

    Arctic Margins 29 August - 1 September 1992 field trip about geology of the Brooks Range along the Dalton August - 1 September 1992 field trip about geology of the Brooks Range along the Dalton Highway samples

  7. Energy-Water Nexus | Energy Analysis | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    Deployment NREL has extensive experience and expertise related to energy-water technology research all along Nexus Energy-Water Nexus Water is required to produce energy. Energy is required to pump, treat , and transport water. The energy-water nexus examines the interactions between these two inextricably

  8. ARCHITECTURE AS PEDAGOGY: INTERDISCIPLINARY DESIGN AND CREATION OF A CARBON NEUTRAL IDAHO ENVIRONMENTAL LEARNING CENTER AT THE UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO MCCALL FIELD CAMPUS

    EPA Science Inventory

    Output 1. (short-term) Design a carbon neutral field campus with the following design components: structural systems, building envelope, environmental systems, site construction, building materials, information technology, spatial systems and integration ...

  9. Fuel Cell Technology Status Composite Data Products | Hydrogen and Fuel

    Science.gov Websites

    Hours to 10% Stack Voltage Degradation CDP LAB 01, 5/8/17 Durability Lab Data Projection Sensitivity to Voltage Degradation Levels CDP LAB 02, 5/8/17 Field and Lab Durability Projection Comparison for LAB 04, 5/5/17 Comparison of MHE Field and Lab Data Voltage Durability CDP LAB 05, 5/3/2016 Data Set

  10. NREL: International Activities - Biomass Resource Assessment

    Science.gov Websites

    Biomass Resource Assessment Map showing annual productivity of marginal lands in APEC economies . Biomass resource assessments quantify the existing or potential biomass material in a given area. Biomass biomass resources could be used to produce power, heat, transportation fuels, and various chemical

  11. Piezoelectric Motors and Transformers

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Uchino, K.

    Piezoelectric ceramics forms a new field between electronic and structural ceramics [1-4]. Application fields are classified into three categories: positioners, motors, and vibration suppressors. From the market research result for 80 Japanese component industries in 1992, tiny motors in the range of 5-8 mm are required in large numbers for office and portable equipment; the conventional electromagnetic (EM) motors are rather difficult to produce in this size with sufficient energy efficiency, while Silicon MEMS actuators are too small to be used in practice. Piezoelectric ultrasonic motors whose efficiency is insensitive to size are superior in the millimeter motor area. The manufacturing precision of optical instruments such as lasers and cameras, and the positioning accuracy for fabricating semiconductor chips are of the order of 0.1μm which is much smaller than the backlash of the EM motors. Vibration suppression in space structures and military vehicles also require compact but mighty piezoelectric actuators.

  12. Loop heating by D.C. electric current and electromagnetic wave emissions simulated by 3-D EM particle zone

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Sakai, J. I.; Zhao, J.; Nishikawa, K.-I.

    1994-01-01

    We have shown that a current-carrying plasma loop can be heated by magnetic pinch driven by the pressure imbalance between inside and outside the loop, using a 3-dimensional electromagnetic (EM) particle code. Both electrons and ions in the loop can be heated in the direction perpendicular to the ambient magnetic field, therefore the perpendicular temperature can be increased about 10 times compared with the parallel temperature. This temperature anisotropy produced by the magnetic pinch heating can induce a plasma instability, by which high-frequency electromagnetic waves can be excited. The plasma current which is enhanced by the magnetic pinch can also excite a kinetic kink instability, which can heat ions perpendicular to the magnetic field. The heating mechanism of ions as well as the electromagnetic emission could be important for an understanding of the coronal loop heating and the electromagnetic wave emissions from active coronal regions.

  13. Systems Engineering Models and Tools | Wind | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    (tm)) that provides wind turbine and plant engineering and cost models for holistic system analysis turbine/component models and wind plant analysis models that the systems engineering team produces. If you integrated modeling of wind turbines and plants. It provides guidance for overall wind turbine and plant

  14. Joint Center for Energy Storage Research

    Science.gov Websites

    singly charged lithium ions in the lithium-ion battery by new doubly or triple charged ions. Learn More Cells that Run on Air Scientists at UIC and Argonne Produce New Design of a True Lithium-air Battery phones from cumbersome bricks to sleek, powerful devices was possible because of the lithium-ion

  15. O, Canada: NREL Partnership Produces New Take on Alternative Fueling

    Science.gov Websites

    Fueling Station Locator. The tool, which is part of a significant investment by the Canadian government to to develop a modern, bilingual web tool that makes it easier for drivers of alternative fuel vehicles Locator Tool March 5, 2018 Word of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's (NREL) deep transportation

  16. Publications - PIR 2015-5-1 | Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical

    Science.gov Websites

    content DGGS PIR 2015-5-1 Publication Details Title: An introduction to 2014 field studies in western Cook , M.A., 2015, An introduction to 2014 field studies in western Cook Inlet, Alaska, in Wartes, M.A., ed

  17. --No Title--

    Science.gov Websites

    Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce Website Search Box Search Field: SMS Website Search Search Submit: Submit Advanced Search IRLSI Home Search the Inventory The IRL Stewardship IRL Photo Institution Privacy SMS Home Contact Us Search NMNH Home DCSIMG

  18. CIDR

    Science.gov Websites

    producing the highest quality data. We are organized into 6 functional units: the laboratory, bioinformatics and IT, project management, technology evaluation, statistical genetics, and administration. Our staff is made up of talented and dedicated people who uphold the best standards to ensure excellent quality

  19. Gearbox Reliability Collaborative Projects | Wind | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    partners. This process documented and analyzed the design process and produced a new drivetrain design that Reliability Collaborative) activities. The new design represents the next phase in the DRC project, and will design loads required for wind turbine gearbox design and testing standards. While wind turbine gearboxes

  20. NREL: News - NREL Wins Research and Development Awards

    Science.gov Websites

    and chemicals, energy-efficient buildings, advanced vehicle design, geothermal energy and hydrogen the U.S. Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) are among this year's 100 components in geothermal power plants; a solar power system that produces electricity while still allowing

  1. Alternative Fuels Data Center: Propane Production and Distribution

    Science.gov Websites

    produced from liquid components recovered during natural gas processing. These components include ethane & Incentives Propane Production and Distribution Propane is a by-product of natural gas processing distribution showing propane originating from three sources: 1) gas well and gas plant, 2) oil well and

  2. FFSE Online Membership Form

    Science.gov Websites

    cover the cost of bus transportation to Fermilab for field trips (average cost $100). Teachers to cover costs of workshops (average cost $200). Families to cover cost of science adventures (average cost $50

  3. Induction of Oxidation in Living Cells by Time-Varying Electromagnetic Fields

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Stolc, Viktor

    2015-01-01

    We are studying how biological systems can harness quantum effects of time varying electromagnetic (EM) waves as the time-setting basis for universal biochemical organization via the redox cycle. The effects of extremely weak EM field on the biochemical redox cycle can be monitored through real-time detection of oxidation-induced light emissions of reporter molecules in living cells. It has been shown that EM fields can also induce changes in fluid transport rates through capillaries (approximately 300 microns inner diameter) by generating annular proton gradients. This effect may be relevant to understanding cardiovascular dis-function in spaceflight, beyond the ionosphere. Importantly, we show that these EM effects can be attenuated using an active EM field cancellation device. Central for NASA's Human Research Program is the fact that the absence of ambient EM field in spaceflight can also have a detrimental influence, namely via increased oxidative damage, on DNA replication, which controls heredity.

  4. --No Title--

    Science.gov Websites

    Crops Conservation Agriculture Systems Alliance Biotechnology/Sustainability Know Your Watershed technology for conservation agriculture. Celebrates producer achievements. Encourage the formation of local Survey BMP Survey Form BMP Survey Results BMP News Release Conservation Agriculture Systems Alliance CASA

  5. Network as transconcept: elements for a conceptual demarcation in the field of public health.

    PubMed

    Amaral, Carlos Eduardo Menezes; Bosi, Maria Lúcia Magalhães

    2016-08-22

    The main proposal to set up an articulated mode of operation of health services has been the concept of network, which has been appropriated in different ways in the field of public health, as it is used in other disciplinary fields or even taking it from common sense. Amid the diversity of uses and concepts, we recognize the need for rigorous conceptual demarcation about networks in the field of health. Such concern aims to preserve the strategic potential of this concept in the research and planning in the field, overcoming uncertainties and distortions still observed in its discourse-analytic circulation in public health. To this end, we will introduce the current uses of network in different disciplinary fields, emphasizing dialogues with the field of public health. With this, we intend to stimulate discussions about the development of empirical dimensions and analytical models that may allow us to understand the processes produced within and around health networks. RESUMO A principal proposta para configurar um modo articulado de funcionamento dos serviços de saúde tem sido o conceito de rede, que vem sendo apropriado de diferentes formas no campo da saúde coletiva, conforme seu emprego em outros campos disciplinares ou mesmo tomando-o do senso comum. Em meio à pluralidade de usos e concepções, reconhecemos a necessidade de rigorosa demarcação conceitual acerca de redes no campo da saúde. Tal preocupação visa a preservar o potencial estratégico desse conceito na investigação e planificação no campo, superando precariedades e distorções ainda observadas em sua circulação discursivo-analítica na saúde coletiva. Para tanto, apresentaremos os usos correntes de rede em diferentes campos disciplinares, destacando interlocuções com o campo da saúde coletiva. Com isso, pretendemos estimular o debate acerca do desenvolvimento de dimensões empíricas e modelos de análise que permitam compreender os processos produzidos no interior e ao redor das redes de saúde.

  6. Depleted UF6 Internet Resources

    Science.gov Websites

    been used to color glass for almost 2 millennia. A uranium-colored glass object was found near Naples , Italy, and dated to about 79 A.D. Uranium oxide added to glass produces a yellow to greenish hue. more Board Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board (DNFSB) The Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board

  7. Geospatial Data Science Modeling | Geospatial Data Science | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    Geospatial Data Science Modeling Geospatial Data Science Modeling NREL uses geospatial data science modeling to develop innovative models and tools for energy professionals, project developers, and consumers . Photo of researchers inspecting maps on a large display. Geospatial modeling at NREL often produces the

  8. Publications - DGGS Annual Reports | Alaska Division of Geological &

    Science.gov Websites

    Publications Geologic Materials Center General Information Inventory Monthly Report Hours and Location Policy : Report = Report Disk = CD/DVD Map = Maps Geospatial Data = Geospatial Data Outside Link = Outside Link Interactive = Interactive Beginning in 2000, the DGGS Annual Report series was reactivated to produce reports

  9. Human Genome: DOE Origins

    Science.gov Websites

    Health and Environmental Research [OHER], the program that supported most Biology in the Department. The origins of DOE's biology program traced to the Manhattan Project, the World War II program that produced Technical Report; 1964 Impact of Radiation Biology on Fundamental Insights in Biology; DOE Technical Report

  10. NREL and Solarex Partner to Expand Development of Solar Technology

    Science.gov Websites

    use in building integrated photovoltaic applications, solar farms (power plants for electricity Frederick, Md. to conduct further research on thin film photovoltaic modules. The agreement is designed to produced from sunlight) and more traditional remote habitation applications. Thin film photovoltaic modules

  11. --No Title--

    Science.gov Websites

    Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce Website Search Box Search Field: SMS Website Search Search Submit: Submit Advanced Search IRLSI Home Search the Inventory The IRL Stewardship IRL Photo Gallery Links and Events About Us SMS Home Roseate Spoonbill Search by Word or Phrase Go to Species

  12. --No Title--

    Science.gov Websites

    Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce Website Search Box Search Field: SMS Website Search Search Submit: Submit Advanced Search IRLSI Home Search the Inventory The IRL Stewardship IRL Photo [ TOP ] © Copyright Smithsonian Institution Privacy SMS Home Contact Us Search NMNH Home DCSIMG

  13. NREL's New Perovskite Ink Opens Window for Quality Cells | News | News |

    Science.gov Websites

    scalable deposition methods, which are suitable for future module production, still lag behind state-of-the -coating methods. Both methods were tested and produced indistinguishable film morphology and device

  14. Alternative Fuels Data Center: Renewable Hydrocarbon Biofuels

    Science.gov Websites

    , biodiesel is a mono-alkyl ester, which has different physical properties and hence different fuel specifications (ASTM D6751 and EN 14214). The two fuels are also produced through very different processes. While

  15. Arthur J. Nozik | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    interdisciplinary fields of photoelectrochemistry, semiconductor-molecule interfaces, quantum size effects, electron photoelectrochemistry (hot carrier effects, size quantization effects, superlattice electrodes, quantum dot solar cells

  16. Hurricane Research Division of AOML/NOAA

    Science.gov Websites

    Statement The mission of NOAA's Hurricane Research Division (HRD) is to advance the understanding and Learn More. What's New Links of Interest Hurricane Field Program Current Hurricane Data Hurricane FAQ

  17. Feedback-Driven Mode Rotation Control by Electro-Magnetic Torque

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Okabayashi, M.; Strait, E. J.; Garofalo, A. M.; La Haye, R. J.; in, Y.; Hanson, J. M.; Shiraki, D.; Volpe, F.

    2013-10-01

    The recent experimental discovery of feedback-driven mode rotation control, supported by modeling, opens new approaches for avoidance of locked tearing modes that otherwise lead to disruptions. This approach is an application of electro-magnetic (EM) torque using 3D fields, routinely maximized through a simple feedback system. In DIII-D, it is observed that a feedback-applied radial field can be synchronized in phase with the poloidal field component of a large amplitude tearing mode, producing the maximum EM torque input. The mode frequency can be maintained in the 10 Hz to 100 Hz range in a well controlled manner, sustaining the discharges. Presently, in the ITER internal coils designed for edge localized mode (ELM) control can only be varied at few Hz, yet, well below the inverse wall time constant. Hence, ELM control system could in principle be used for this feedback-driven mode control in various ways. For instance, the locking of MHD modes can be avoided during the controlled shut down of multi hundreds Mega Joule EM stored energy in case of emergency. Feedback could also be useful to minimize mechanical resonances at the disruption events by forcing the MHD frequency away from dangerous ranges. Work supported by the US DOE under DE-AC02-09CH11466, DE-FC-02-04ER54698, DE-FG02-08ER85195, and DE-FG02-04ER54761.

  18. Edward Teller

    Science.gov Websites

    physics, astrophysics, and statistical mechanics. Lawrence Livermore [National Laboratory] physicist Mort towering figures of 20th-century physics. ... Although his early training was in chemical physics and spectroscopy, Teller has made substantial contributions to such diverse fields as nuclear physics, plasma

  19. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Hu, L; Yin, F; Cai, J

    Purpose: To develop a methodology of constructing physiological-based virtual thorax phantom based on hyperpolarized (HP) gas tagging MRI for evaluating deformable image registration (DIR). Methods: Three healthy subjects were imaged at both the end-of-inhalation (EOI) and the end-of-exhalation (EOE) phases using a high-resolution (2.5mm isovoxel) 3D proton MRI, as well as a hybrid MRI which combines HP gas tagging MRI and a low-resolution (4.5mm isovoxel) proton MRI. A sparse tagging displacement vector field (tDVF) was derived from the HP gas tagging MRI by tracking the displacement of tagging grids between EOI and EOE. Using the tDVF and the high-resolution MRmore » images, we determined the motion model of the entire thorax in the following two steps: 1) the DVF inside of lungs was estimated based on the sparse tDVF using a novel multi-step natural neighbor interpolation method; 2) the DVF outside of lungs was estimated from the DIR between the EOI and EOE images (Velocity AI). The derived motion model was then applied to the high-resolution EOI image to create a deformed EOE image, forming the virtual phantom where the motion model provides the ground truth of deformation. Five DIR methods were evaluated using the developed virtual phantom. Errors in DVF magnitude (Em) and angle (Ea) were determined and compared for each DIR method. Results: Among the five DIR methods, free form deformation produced DVF results that are most closely resembling the ground truth (Em=1.04mm, Ea=6.63°). The two DIR methods based on B-spline produced comparable results (Em=2.04mm, Ea=13.66°; and Em =2.62mm, Ea=17.67°), and the two optical-flow methods produced least accurate results (Em=7.8mm; Ea=53.04°; Em=4.45mm, Ea=31.02°). Conclusion: A methodology for constructing physiological-based virtual thorax phantom based on HP gas tagging MRI has been developed. Initial evaluation demonstrated its potential as an effective tool for robust evaluation of DIR in the lung.« less

  20. NIST Digital Archives

    Science.gov Websites

    Nederlands Français Search Search Advanced Search Find results with: error div Add another field Search by date Search by date: from after before on from: mm/dd/yyyy to to: mm/dd/yyyy Search Clear All Searching physical science laboratories. Instant Search Search PHOTOS Search Photos Search NIST PUBLICATIONS Search

  1. Gut microbes affect circadian rhythms in mice, study says | Argonne

    Science.gov Websites

    showed evidence of a regular daily microbial cycle, with different species flourishing in different parts of the day and producing different compounds as a result. These compounds appear to act on the liver

  2. Alternative Fuels Data Center

    Science.gov Websites

    ), may be eligible for an oil and gas severance tax credit. Each eligible applicant may receive a tax credit equal to the amount of the severance tax owed, up to $5,000,000 per year. Entities that produce

  3. Alternative Fuels Data Center: Ethanol Production

    Science.gov Websites

    States is produced from starch-based crops by dry- or wet-mill processing. Nearly 90% of ethanol plants are dry mills due to lower capital costs. Dry-milling is a process that grinds corn into flour and

  4. National Maps - Alaska - NOAA's National Weather Service

    Science.gov Websites

    select the go button to submit request City, St Go Sign-up for Email Alerts RSS Feeds RSS Feeds Warnings current Forecast for Alaska is produced by the NWS Anchorage Forecast Office. It is updated daily Skip Navigation Links weather.gov NOAA logo-Select to go to the NOAA homepage National Oceanic and

  5. Matt Wecker | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    acetaldehyde from bacteria. The idea was to short-sheet the ethanol fermentation pathway to produce ; Biochem. (1995) "Fermentation strategies: Acetaldehyde or ethanol?," Process Biochem. (1987

  6. Preserve America - Explore and Enjoy Our Heritage

    Science.gov Websites

    House announcement here. New Report Cites Historic Tax Credits Create Thousands of Jobs and Billions of historic tax incentives program. Commonly known as the Historic Tax Credit, the program provides a 20 percent federal tax credit for rehabilitation of historic buildings for business or income-producing uses

  7. MINOS for the Public

    Science.gov Websites

    fit into the Standard Model of particle physics. More Neutrino Sites holds links to other informative phenomena known as neutrino oscillations. The experiment uses a beam of neutrino particles produced by the NuMI beamline facility - Neutrinos at the Main Injector. The beam of neutrinos is sent through the two

  8. NOAA Photo Library - Meet the Photographers/Sean Linehan

    Science.gov Websites

    National Geodetic Survey. He has flown mostly aboard the NOAA Citation jet aircraft using Leica Wild RC-30 aboard NOAA's Honeywell Turbo Commander used in producing airport obstruction charting information for the Federal Aviation Administration. A native of Boston, Massachusetts, Sean's interest in the ocean

  9. Alternative Fuels Data Center

    Science.gov Websites

    biomass or other renewable resources that can be used as transportation fuel, combustion fuel, or refinery from biomass. Ethanol is ethyl alcohol derived from biomass that meets ASTM D4806-04a and federal quality requirements. Synthetic transportation fuel is a liquid fuel produced from biomass by a

  10. Climate Prediction Center - Expert Assessments: East Pacific Hurricane

    Science.gov Websites

    influence seasonal eastern Pacific hurricane activity, along with climate model forecasts. The outlook also National Weather Service NWS logo - Click to go to the NWS home page Climate Prediction Center Site Map Administration (NOAA) Climate Prediction Center (CPC), and is produced in collaboration with scientists from the

  11. Alternative Fuels Data Center: Hydrogenation-Derived Renewable Diesel

    Science.gov Websites

    rapeseed oil; animal tallow; vegetable oil waste or brown trap grease; and other fats and vegetable oils new pipelines, storage tanks, or retail station pumps), can be produced using existing oil refinery manufacturers-including ConocoPhillips, Neste Oil, Petrobras, REG, and UOP-are developing and testing HDRD

  12. EM Diffusion for a Time-Domain Airborne EM System

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yin, C.; Qiu, C.; Liu, Y.; Cai, J.

    2014-12-01

    Visualization of EM diffusion for an airborne EM (AEM) system is important for understanding the transient procedure of EM diffusion. The current distribution and diffusion features also provide effective means to evaluate EM footprint, depth of exploration and further help AEM system design and data interpretation. Most previous studies on EM diffusion (or "smoke ring" effect) are based on the static presentation of EM field, where the dynamic features of EM diffusion were not visible. For visualizing the dynamic feature of EM diffusion, we first calculate in this paper the frequency-domain EM field by downward continuation of the EM field at the EM receiver to the deep earth. After that, we transform the results to time-domain via a Fourier transform. We take a homogeneous half-space and a two-layered earth induced by a step pulse to calculate the EM fields and display the EM diffusion in the earth as 3D animated vectors or time-varying contours. The "smoke ring" effect of EM diffusion, dominated by the resistivity distribution of the earth, is clearly observed. The numerical results for an HCP (vertical magnetic dipole) and a VCX (horizontal magnetic dipole) transmitting coil above a homogeneous half-space of 100 ohm-m are shown in Fig.1. We display as example only the distribution of EM field inside the earth for the diffusion time of 0.05ms. The detailed EM diffusion will be shown in our future presentation. From the numerical experiments for different models, we find that 1) the current for either an HCP or a VCX transmitting dipole propagates downward and outward with time, becoming wider and more diffuse, forming a "smoke ring"; 2) for a VCX transmitter, the underground current forms two ellipses, corresponding to the two polarities of the magnetic flux of a horizontal magnetic dipole, injecting into or ejected from the earth; 3) for a HCP transmitter, however, the underground current forms only one circle, corresponding to the polarity of the magnetic flux for a vertical magnetic dipole, injecting into the earth; 4) there exists no vertical current in an isotropic homogeneous half-space. The currents for both HCP and VCX transmitting dipole flow horizontally.

  13. NNI Public Webinars | Nano

    Science.gov Websites

    Communities Environmental, Health, and Safety Issues Ethical, Legal, and Societal Issues Federal Legislation Environmental, Health, and Safety Issues Ethical, Legal, and Societal Issues Federal Legislation & Infrastructure (NNCI) Nodes and Environmental Research: Examples from the Field - Slides and Transcript An

  14. STAT FAQs Part 2: Lifetime of PV Panels | State, Local, and Tribal

    Science.gov Websites

    is the productive lifetime and degradation rate of solar PV panels. Question: What is the productive life of solar PV panels, and do they produce the same amount of electricity year-over-year? Answer: The Governments | NREL STAT FAQs Part 2: Lifetime of PV Panels STAT FAQs Part 2: Lifetime of PV

  15. POPULATION DYNAMICS OF HARVEST MICE (REITHRODONTOMYS FULVESCENS AND REITHRODONTOMYS MONTANUS) ACROSS A NITROGEN-AMENDED OLD FIELD

    EPA Science Inventory

    We conducted a mark-recapture experiment to examine population dynamics of the fulvous harvest mouse (Reithrodontomys fulvescens) and plains harvest mouse (Reithrodontomys montanus) in response to low-level nitrogen amendments (16.4 kg N/ha/yr) in an old-field g...

  16. Heidi Pilath | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    ; Journal of Solar Energy Engineering-Transactions of the Asme 128(1): 54-57. Clark, J., et al. (2015 inorganic anions by ion chromatography with suppressed conductivity detection." Journal of vapors produced from Nordic feedstocks in cyclone pyrolysis." Journal of Analytical and Applied

  17. Michigan field artillery's 'Blackjacks' training in Latvia > National Guard

    Science.gov Websites

    Sustainability Training ARNG Distributed Learning Program Training & Technology Battle Lab (T3BL) Civil Support Simulation Exercises Regional Training Site Maintenance Battle Focused Training Strategy Battle Staff Training Resources News Publications Civic Leader's Guide ARNG Vision 2020 Posture Statement

  18. Effects of multiple resistive shells and transient electromagnetic torque on the dynamics of mode locking in reversed field pinch plasmas

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Guo, S. C.; Chu, M. S.

    2002-11-01

    The effects of multiple resistive shells and transient electromagnetic torque on the dynamics of mode locking in the reversed field pinch (RFP) plasmas are studied. Most RFP machines are equipped with one or more metal shells outside of the vacuum vessel. These shells have finite resistivities. The eddy currents induced in each of the shells contribute to the braking electromagnetic (EM) torque which slows down the plasma rotation. In this work we study the electromagnetic torque acting on the plasma (tearing) modes produced by a system of resistive shells. These shells may consist of several nested thin shells or several thin shells enclosed within a thick shell. The dynamics of the plasma mode is investigated by balancing the EM torque from the resistive shells with the plasma viscous torque. Both the steady state theory and the time-dependent theory are developed. The steady state theory is shown to provide an accurate account of the resultant EM torque if (dω/dt)ω-2≪1 and the time scale of interest is much longer than the response (L/R) time of the shell. Otherwise, the transient theory should be adopted. As applications, the steady state theory is used to evaluate the changes of the EM torque response from the resistive shells in two variants of two RFP machines: (1) modification from Reversed Field Experiment (RFX) [Gnesotto et al., Fusion Eng. Des. 25, 335 (1995)] to the modified RFX: both of them are equipped with one thin shell plus one thick shell; (2) modification from Extrap T2 to Extrap T2R [Brunsell et al., Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 43, 1457 (2001)]: both of them are equipped with two thin shells. The transient theory has been applied numerically to study the time evolution of the EM torque during the unlocking of a locked tearing mode in the modified RFX.

  19. Big World of Small Neutrinos

    Science.gov Websites

    electron neutrino, muon neutrino, or tau neutrino. The three different neutrinos are complemented by anti of the neutrinos we detect will look different (have a different flavor) compared to the time they Big World of Small Neutrinos Neutrinos will find you! Fig 1: Hubble image of the deep field

  20. Publications - PIR 2008-1A | Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical

    Science.gov Websites

    of recent geologic field investigations in the Brooks Range Foothills and North Slope, Alaska: Alaska Surveys Skip to content State of Alaska myAlaska My Government Resident Business in Alaska ; Tectonics; Thermal History; Thrust; Toolik River; Torok Formation; Turbidites; Turonian; Valanginian Top of

  1. NREL Research Honored With R&D 100 Awards | News | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    Research Honored With R&D 100 Awards NREL Research Honored With R&D 100 Awards November 16 research into using a strain of cyanobacteria to produce bioethylene won both awards in the category of innovation - in five categories. Only one Editor's Choice Award was given in each of the five R&D 100

  2. NREL Solar Research Garners Two Prestigious R&D 100 Awards | News | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    efficient bulk power generator that produces 40 percent more energy than conventional fixed photovoltaic panels. The 53-kilowatt photovoltaic power generator is based on the MegaModule, a turnkey unit pairing a wafers more efficient and a mammoth power generator that sets a new standard for the production of solar

  3. Commercial Vegetables | UGA Cooperative Extension

    Science.gov Websites

    in many county offices for ag producers. Organic Agriculture Certificate Program Understand organic agriculture production in the southeastern United States. Pesticide Safety Education Program Topics include Hill Award Gaskin's career is focused on the use of conservation methods in traditional agriculture

  4. ARC Software and Models

    Science.gov Websites

    produce software code and methodologies that are transferred to TARDEC and industry partners. These constraints", ASME Dynamic Systems and Control Conference, 2013, DOI:10.1115/DSCC2013-3935 Software Monitoring",IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, DOI:10.1109/TCST.2012.2217143 Fast

  5. Alternative Fuels Data Center

    Science.gov Websites

    Payments Through the Bioenergy Program for Advanced Biofuels (Section 9005), eligible producers of advanced biofuels, or fuels derived from renewable biomass other than corn kernel starch, may receive payments to support expanded production of advanced biofuels. Payment amounts will depend on the quantity

  6. SRAC

    Science.gov Websites

    What's New tab above to see the newest information, and publications. SRAC: Publications ANNUAL PROGRESS Information is available on more than 20 species of fish and shellfish produced in the Southern Region. FINAL PUBLICATIONS Participating scientists have published numerous articles in scientific journals on work resulting

  7. ACHP | News

    Science.gov Websites

    competitive grant projects to support heritage tourism through research and documentation, planning, education funded grant projects remain active, and the National Park Service continues to consult with grantees and receive progress reports as well as specific products produced with the grant funds. First Lady Michelle

  8. Roadmap to Guide U.S. Photovoltaics Industry in 21st Century

    Science.gov Websites

    industry wants them to have it. Solar-cell manufacturers and suppliers see photovoltaics (PV) producing at Roadmap to Guide U.S. Photovoltaics Industry in 21st Century Solar energy will provide emergency Douglas Golden, Colo., Jan. 20, 2000 - Americans want clean solar electricity. The U.S. photovoltaics

  9. Robert Curl, Jr. and the Discovery of Fullerenes

    Science.gov Websites

    produced thousands of variations of the buckyball, including carbon sheets one atom thick and microscopic equilibrium in the carbon vapor that allowed the group to identify a unique, 60-atom configuration of carbon Interview with Robert F. Curl, Jr., nobelprize.org (video) Interview with Robert Curl (video) Buckyballs

  10. CPC - Monitoring & Data: Rest of the World Climate Data

    Science.gov Websites

    produces maps and time series for precipitation and surface temperatures for Africa, Asia, Europe, South - The CPC monitors weather and climate in real time with the aid of satellite animations, conventional , intraseasonal, seasonal and annual time scales are highlighted. The CPC also collects time series of accumulated

  11. Leaders in Future and Current Technology Teaming Up to Improve Ethanol

    Science.gov Websites

    and NREL expertise to: Develop improvements in process throughput and water management for dry mill , Complete an overall process engineering model of the dry mill technology that identifies new ways to and operation of "dry mill" plants that currently produce ethanol from corn starch. Dry

  12. Biomass and Solar Technologies Lauded | News | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    4 » Biomass and Solar Technologies Lauded News Release: Biomass and Solar Technologies Lauded July security and reduce our reliance on foreign sources of oil." The Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Biomass Cellulose to Sugars technology is expected to allow a wide range of biomass resources to be used to produce

  13. Solar Energy Educational Material, Activities and Science Projects

    Science.gov Websites

    ;The sun has produced energy for billions of years. Solar energy is the solar radiation that reaches Energy - Energy from the Sun DOE Documents with Activities/Projects: Web Pages Solar Energy Education , Part I. Energy, Society, and the Sun Solar Energy Education. Reader, Part II. Sun Story. [Includes

  14. Alternative Fuels Data Center

    Science.gov Websites

    Ethanol Infrastructure Grants and Loan Guarantees The Rural Energy for America Program (REAP ) provides loan guarantees and grants to agricultural producers and rural small businesses to purchase

  15. Flow Components in a NaK Test Loop Designed to Simulate Conditions in a Nuclear Surface Power Reactor

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Polzin, Kurt A.; Godfroy, Thomas J.

    2008-01-01

    A test loop using NaK as the working fluid is presently in use to study material compatibility effects on various components that comprise a possible nuclear reactor design for use on the lunar surface. A DC electromagnetic (EM) pump has been designed and implemented as a means of actively controlling the NaK flow rate through the system and an EM flow sensor is employed to monitor the developed flow rate. These components allow for the matching of the flow rate conditions in test loops with those that would be found in a full-scale surface-power reactor. The design and operating characteristics of the EM pump and flow sensor are presented. In the EM pump, current is applied to a set of electrodes to produce a Lorentz body force in the fluid. A measurement of the induced voltage (back-EMF) in the flow sensor provides the means of monitoring flow rate. Both components are compact, employing high magnetic field strength neodymium magnets thermally coupled to a water-cooled housing. A vacuum gap limits the heat transferred from the high temperature NaK tube to the magnets and a magnetically-permeable material completes the magnetic circuit. The pump is designed to produce a pressure rise of 34.5 kPa, and the flow sensor's predicted output is roughly 20 mV at the loop's nominal flow rate of 0.114 m3/hr.

  16. Flow Components in a NaK Test Loop Designed to Simulate Conditions in a Nuclear Surface Power Reactor

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Polzin, Kurt A.; Godfroy, Thomas J.

    2008-01-01

    A test loop using NaK as the working fluid is presently in use to study material compatibility effects on various components that comprise a possible nuclear reactor design for use on the lunar surface. A DC electromagnetic (EM) pump has been designed and implemented as a means of actively controlling the NaK flow rate through the system and an EM flow sensor is employed to monitor the developed flow rate. These components allow for the matching of the flow rate conditions in test loops with those that would be found in a full-scale surface-power reactor. The design and operating characteristics of the EM pump and flow sensor are presented. In the EM pump, current is applied to a set of electrodes to produce a Lorentz body force in the fluid. A measurement of the induced voltage (back-EMF) in the flow sensor provides the means of monitoring flow rate. Both components are compact, employing high magnetic field strength neodymium magnets thermally coupled to a water-cooled housing. A vacuum gap limits the heat transferred from the high temperature NaK tube to the magnets and a magnetically-permeable material completes the magnetic circuit. The pump is designed to produce a pressure rise of 5 psi, and the flow sensor's predicted output is roughly 20 mV at the loop's nominal flow rate of 0.5 GPM.

  17. TransRapid TR-07 maglev-spectrum magnetic field effects on daily pineal indoleamine metabolic rhythms in rodents

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Groh, K.R.

    This study examined the effects on pineal function of magnetic field (MF) exposures (ac and dc components) similar to those produced by the TransRapid TR-07 and other electromagnetic maglev systems (EMS). Rats were entrained to a light-dark cycle and then exposed to a continuous, or to an inverted, intermittent (on = 45 s, off = 15 s, induced current = 267 G/s) simulated multifrequency ac and dc magnetic field (MF) at 1 or 7 times the TR-07 maglev vehicle MF intensity for 2 hr. Other groups of rats were exposed to only the ac or the dc-component of the maglevmore » MF. For comparison, one group was exposed to an inverted, intermittent 60-Hz MF. Each group was compared to an unexposed group of rats for changes in pineal melatonin and serotonin-N-acetyltransferase (NAT). MF exposures at an intensity equivalent to that produced by the TR-07 vehicle had no effect on melatonin or NAT compared with sham-exposed animals under any of the conditions examined. However, 7X TR-07-level continuous 2-h MF exposures significantly depressed pineal NAT by 45%. Pineal melatonin was also depressed 33--43% by a continuous 7X TR-07 MF exposure and 28% by an intermittent 60-Hz 850-mG MF, but the results were not statically significant. This study demonstrates that intermittent, combined ac and dc MFs similar to those produced by the TR-07 EMS maglev vehicle alter the normal circadian rhythm of pineal indoleamine metabolism. The pineal regulatory enzyme NAT was more sensitive to MF exposure than melatonin and may be a more desirable measure of the biological effects of MF exposure.« less

  18. Explorers

    Science.gov Websites

    Atmosphere Explorers Patrick Megonigal Melissa McCormick Dennis Whigham Curator and Soil Ecologist Soil Scientist Brigham Young University Sophomore Waiakea High School Hilo, Hawaii Graduate Student USDA/NRCS St. Croix Field Office National Leader for World Soil Resources USDA/NRCS Soil Scientist USDA

  19. The propagation characteristics of electromagnetic waves through plasma in the near-field region of low-frequency loop antenna

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Liu, DongLin, E-mail: donglinliu@stu.xidian.edu.cn; Li, XiaoPing; Xie, Kai

    2015-10-15

    A high-speed vehicle flying through the atmosphere between 100 and 20 km may suffer from a “communication blackout.” In this paper, a low frequency system with an on-board loop antenna to receive signals is presented as a potential blackout mitigation method. Because the plasma sheath is in the near-field region of the loop antenna, the traditional scattering matrix method that is developed for the far-field region may overestimate the electromagnetic (EM) wave's attenuation. To estimate the EM wave's attenuation in the near-field region, EM interference (EMI) shielding theory is introduced. Experiments are conducted, and the results verify the EMI shielding theory'smore » effectiveness. Simulations are also conducted with different plasma parameters, and the results obtained show that the EM wave's attenuation in the near-field region is far below than that in the far-field region. The EM wave's attenuation increases with the increase in electron density and decreases with the increase in collision frequency. The higher the frequency, the larger is the EM wave's attenuation. During the entire re-entry phase of a RAM-C module, the EM wave's attenuations are below 10 dB for EM waves with a frequency of 1 MHz and below 1 dB for EM waves with a frequency of 100 kHz. Therefore, the low frequency systems (e.g., Loran-C) may provide a way to transmit some key information to high-speed vehicles even during the communication “blackout” period.« less

  20. Publications - PIR 2008-1B | Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical

    Science.gov Websites

    ., Preliminary results of recent geologic field investigations in the Brooks Range Foothills and North Slope Surveys Skip to content State of Alaska myAlaska My Government Resident Business in Alaska content DGGS PIR 2008-1B Publication Details Title: Measured section and facies analysis of the Lower

  1. Publications - PIR 2008-1G | Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical

    Science.gov Websites

    Wartes, M.A., and Decker, P.L., eds., Preliminary results of recent geologic field investigations in the Surveys Skip to content State of Alaska myAlaska My Government Resident Business in Alaska content DGGS PIR 2008-1G Publication Details Title: Turonian-Campanian strata east of the Trans-Alaska

  2. IceCube

    Science.gov Websites

    written the portions of the offline software and simulations that involve the electronics and calibrations resonsible for the pieces of the detector calibration and simulation that are connected to the electronics electronics that process and capture the signal produce by Cerenkov light in the photomultiplier tubes. It

  3. Flexible Energy Scheduling Tool for Integrating Variable Generation | Grid

    Science.gov Websites

    , security-constrained economic dispatch, and automatic generation control programs. DOWNLOAD PAPER Electric commitment, security-constrained economic dispatch, and automatic generation control sub-models. Each sub resolutions and operating strategies can be explored. FESTIV produces not only economic metrics but also

  4. Michael Resch | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    producing ammonia. The outcome of this project will be to make ammonia synthesis more sustainable and ) without affecting the ammonia production rate. Such an ammonia synthesis is ideally suitable for small-scale ammonia synthesis system using water and air, powered by wind energy. Instead of developing

  5. Geothermal Exploration and Resource Assessment | Geothermal Technologies |

    Science.gov Websites

    , drilling, and resource assessments and the widespread adoption of under-utilized low-temperature resources -temperature geothermal resource technologies. Drilling The drilling of wells to find and develop geothermal low-temperature, sedimentary, co-produced, and enhanced geothermal system resources. We also work to

  6. Pollinator Partnership | Pollinator.org

    Science.gov Websites

    about us Pollinator Partnership's mission is to promote the health of pollinators, critical to food and three bites of food. They also sustain our ecosystems and produce our natural resources by helping plants reproduce. Without the actions of pollinators agricultural economies, our food supply, and

  7. Biochemical Process Development and Integration | Bioenergy | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    Process Development We develop and scale fermentation processes that produce fuels and chemicals from guide experimental designs. Our newly updated fermentation laboratory houses 38 bench-scale fermentors current projects cover the fermentation spectrum including anaerobic, micro-aerobic, aerobic, and gas-to

  8. SMARTS 1.5-m Telescope | CTIO

    Science.gov Websites

    Visitor's Computer Guidelines Network Connection Request Instruments Instruments by Telescope IR Instruments and CIRIM IR imagers, a Cass focus CCD (CFCCD) Imager and the CPAPIR wide-field IR Imager. All

  9. 3D electromagnetic modelling of a TTI medium and TTI effects in inversion

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Jaysaval, Piyoosh; Shantsev, Daniil; de la Kethulle de Ryhove, Sébastien

    2016-04-01

    We present a numerical algorithm for 3D electromagnetic (EM) forward modelling in conducting media with general electric anisotropy. The algorithm is based on the finite-difference discretization of frequency-domain Maxwell's equations on a Lebedev grid, in which all components of the electric field are collocated but half a spatial step staggered with respect to the magnetic field components, which also are collocated. This leads to a system of linear equations that is solved using a stabilized biconjugate gradient method with a multigrid preconditioner. We validate the accuracy of the numerical results for layered and 3D tilted transverse isotropic (TTI) earth models representing typical scenarios used in the marine controlled-source EM method. It is then demonstrated that not taking into account the full anisotropy of the conductivity tensor can lead to misleading inversion results. For simulation data corresponding to a 3D model with a TTI anticlinal structure, a standard vertical transverse isotropic inversion is not able to image a resistor, while for a 3D model with a TTI synclinal structure the inversion produces a false resistive anomaly. If inversion uses the proposed forward solver that can handle TTI anisotropy, it produces resistivity images consistent with the true models.

  10. National Centers for Environmental Prediction

    Science.gov Websites

    DIFFERENT BETWEEN THE 12-KM NAM PARENT DOMAIN AND THE NAM CONUS NEST? (04 Nov 2011, updated 13 April 2017 . Back to Table of Contents WHY IS THE QPF DIFFERENT BETWEEN THE 12-KM NAM PARENT DOMAIN AND THE NAM different QPF fields between the 12km NAM parent and the NAM nests. 13 April 2017 update: In the 12 August

  11. Fermilab Education Office - FAQ

    Science.gov Websites

    teach the classes. The program format emphasizes student-centered, hands-on learning using entertaining | Fermilab Home | Employees | Students | Visitors | Undergraduates Fermilab Ed Site Search Google Custom mathematics, designed for students and/or families. Experienced classroom teachers or experts in a given field

  12. Jim Green | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    NWTC. He was the project lead for the design and construction of the NWTC 5.8 MW dynamometer facility completed in 2013. During 2012-2016, Jim was responsible for operations, safety, and engineering assessment of a successful net-power-producing experiment in Hawaii, a fully-functional and grid-connected OTEC

  13. Accomplishments in Photovoltaic Manufacturing R&D | Photovoltaic Research |

    Science.gov Websites

    made that significantly reduced the cost of solar modules while increasing their reliability and -area efficiency. Manufacturing Processes Half the cost of producing a solar module is incurred in wafer project partners marked significant progress in module cost reduction. A few notable examples follow

  14. Alternative Fuels Data Center: Dimethyl Ether

    Science.gov Websites

    Hydrocarbon Biofuels Dimethyl Ether Dimethyl ether (DME) is a synthetically produced alternative to diesel for use in specially designed compression ignition diesel engines. Under normal atmospheric conditions ether has several fuel properties that make it attractive for use in diesel engines. It has a very high

  15. Science | AAAS

    Science.gov Websites

    be caused by haywire immune system eating brain connections CRISPR Stopping CRISPR's genome-editing scissors from snipping out of control CRISPR patent hearing produces no clear winner, only 'soft signals ' Did a Swedish researcher eat the first CRISPR meal ever served? Top articles in Careers dollars in a

  16. Alternative Fuels Data Center

    Science.gov Websites

    through franchised dealers if the manufacturer: Only produces passenger cars powered solely by one or more electric motors; Only sells new or used passenger cars that it manufactures; and Was selling such passenger cars in Nevada on or before January 1, 2016. (Reference Nevada Revised Statutes 482.36311 through

  17. Carbon Nanotubes for Batteries - Continuum Magazine | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    battery technology holds potential to revolutionize powering vehicles. At about one ten-thousandth the rate. This study included the collaboration of Professor M. Stanley Whittingham of the State University , this research has produced one patent and two high-impact articles in Advanced Energy Materials. The

  18. Energy Systems Integration News | Energy Systems Integration Facility |

    Science.gov Websites

    school. Andreas Schmitt spent hours this summer estimating grid voltage-under conditions when minimal Jiang of the State Grid Energy Research Institute in Beijing, China, to produce a review article that . The article, "Grid-Level Application of Electrical Energy Storage: Example Use Cases in the

  19. NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MARINE PRODUCTS VIA NOAA WEATHER RADIO

    Science.gov Websites

    ! Boating Safety Beach Hazards Rip Currents Hypothermia Hurricanes Thunderstorms Lightning Coastal Flooding Radio network provides voice broadcasts of local and coastal marine forecasts on a continuous cycle. The forecasts are produced by local National Weather Service Forecast Offices. Coastal stations also broadcast

  20. Alternative Fuels Data Center: Latest Additions

    Science.gov Websites

    . May 2018 Foothill Transit Agency Battery Electric Bus Progress Report, Data Period Focus: Jan. 2017 Utility Vehicles Autonomy-Enabled Fuel Savings for Military Vehicles: Report on 2016 Aberdeen Test Center Report 2016 Survey of Non-Starch Alcohol and Renewable Hydrocarbon Biofuels Producers Ethanol Strong

  1. Impacts | Hydrogen and Fuel Cells | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    Impacts Impacts Read about NREL's impacts on innovations in hydrogen and fuel cell research and -Splitting Electrodes NREL Shows How Cyanobacteria Build Hydrogen-Producing Enzyme Fuel Cell Systems R&D -Speed Scanner to Monitor Fuel Cell Material Defects Making Fuel Cells Cleaner, Better, and Cheaper GM

  2. Hydrogen Production and Delivery | Hydrogen and Fuel Cells | Hydrogen and

    Science.gov Websites

    degrees Celsius. Ultra-high temperatures are required for thermochemical reaction cycles to produce for the environmentally benign production of hydrogen. Very high reaction rates at these elevated temperatures give rise to very fast reaction rates, which significantly enhance production rates and more than

  3. MIT - Massachusetts Institute of Technology

    Science.gov Websites

    energy cancer diversity global industry public service Solve The MIT Campaign for a Better World give to produce electricity Drug-carrying nanoparticles could help fight brain cancer Drug-carrying nanoparticles could help fight brain cancer New dispatching approach optimizes a city's taxi fleet New dispatching

  4. ndsd_50mwind

    Science.gov Websites

    : January, 2000 Title: ndsd_50mwind Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Description . Supplemental_Information: This data set was produced and validated by NREL using their WRAM model. This shapefile was , North Dakota, South Dakota Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: This GIS data was developed by the

  5. AstroPower-DOE Collaboration Sets Solar Cell Record

    Science.gov Websites

    -centimeter cell, was attained under DOE's Photovoltaic Manufacturing Technology (PVMaT) program, a multi-year effort to help industry reduce the cost of producing photovoltaic energy systems. "This advance builds on many successful photovoltaic technology projects funded by DOE," said Christine Ervin

  6. Scanning Probe Platform | Materials Science | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    level; this image obtained using a scanning tunneling microscope shows gray and white clusters of produce high-resolution color images or maps like this one obtained using scanning tunneling luminescence gray clusters. Gold substrate: (Left) STM image reveals the terraces of the H2 flamed substrate. (Right

  7. The Astrophysics of Merging Black Holes

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Schnittman, Jeremy D.

    2011-01-01

    When two supermassive black holes (SMBHs) approach within 1-10 mpc, gravitational wave (GW) losses begin to dominate the evolution of the binary, pushing the system to merge in a relatively small time. During this final inspiral regime, the system will emit copious energy in GWs, which should be directly detectable by pulsar timing arrays and space-based interferometers. At the same time, any gas or stars in the immediate vicinity of the merging 5MBHs can get heated and produce bright electromagnetic (EM) counterparts to the GW signals. We present here a number of possible mechanisms by which simultaneous EM and GW signals will yield valuable new information about galaxy evolution, accretion disk dynamics, and fundamental physics in the most extreme gravitational fields.

  8. Electromagnetic Signatures of SMBH Coalescence

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Schnittman, Jeremy

    2012-01-01

    When two supermassive black holes (SMBHs) approach within 1-10 mpc, gravitational wave (GW) losses begin to dominate the evolution of the binary, pushing the system to merge in a relatively small time. During this final inspiral regime, the system will emit copious energy in GWs, which should be directly detectable by pulsar timing arrays and space-based interferometers. At the same time, any gas or stars in the immediate vicinity of the merging 5MBHs can get heated and produce bright electromagnetic (EM) counterparts to the GW signals. We present here a number of possible mechanisms by which simultaneous EM and GW signals will yield valuable new information about galaxy evolution, accretion disk dynamics, and fundamental physics in the most extreme gravitational fields.

  9. Black Hole Coalescence: The Gravitational Wave Driven Phase

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Schnittman, Jeremy D.

    2011-01-01

    When two supermassive black holes (SMBHS) approach within 1-10 mpc, gravitational wave (GW) losses begin to dominate the evolution of the binary, pushing the system to merge in a relatively small time. During this final inspiral regime, the system will emit copious energy in GWs, which should be directly detectable by pulsar timing arrays and space-based interferometers. At the same time, any gas or stars in the immediate vicinity of the merging 5MBHs can get heated and produce bright electromagnetic (EM) counterparts to the GW signals. We present here a number of possible mechanisms by which simultaneous EM and GW signals will yield valuable new information about galaxy evolution, accretion disk dynamics, and fundamental physics in the most extreme gravitational fields.

  10. Field Jobs by State

    Science.gov Websites

    United States Census Bureau Topics Population Latest Information Age and Sex Ancestry Children Mobility Population Estimates Population Projections Race Veterans Economy Latest Information Portal Other Economic Programs Business Latest Information Business Characteristics Classification Codes

  11. Supernova Cosmology Project

    Science.gov Websites

    Supernova Survey: An Intensive HST Survey for z>1 Type Ia Supernovae by Targeting Galaxy Clusters Survey new survey strategy to discover and study high redshift Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) using the Hubble improvement in the efficiency of finding SNe compared to an HST field survey and a factor of three improvement

  12. Reliability and Engineering | Photovoltaic Research | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    -Time PV and Solar Resource Testing We study long-term performance, reliability, and failures of PV (NCPV) at NREL, we focus on photovoltaic (PV) reliability research and development (R&D) to improve PV technologies. We test modules and systems for long-term performance and stress them in the field

  13. Technology Innovation at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (Text

    Science.gov Websites

    market, new processes out in the fields, and to make an impact." A photo montage of six different Version) | NREL Technology Innovation at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (Text Version ) Technology Innovation at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (Text Version) This is the text version for

  14. Eric Karp | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    cultivation process producing 3-HP (above figure) allows a cost-comparative, renewable route to AN compared to key to enabling design of tolerant materials that can maintain activity under these conditions. Our

  15. Fermilab Today

    Science.gov Websites

    Search GO Special Result of the Week Toward a high-intensity muon source Impact of a single pulse of 12 x moment of impact (T=0); b) 9ms after impact; c) 15ms after impact. To solve the mysteries of nature 1012 protons at 14 GeV on a 1cm-wide jet of mercury flowing at 15m/s in a 10T solenoid field: a) at the

  16. Computational Science | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    Science Photo of person viewing 3D visualization of a wind turbine The NREL Computational Science challenges in fields ranging from condensed matter physics and nonlinear dynamics to computational fluid dynamics. NREL is also home to the most energy-efficient data center in the world, featuring Peregrine-the

  17. Publications - USBM Publications Series | Alaska Division of Geological &

    Science.gov Websites

    Publications Geologic Materials Center General Information Inventory Monthly Report Hours and Location Policy content USBM Publications Series Descriptions Series List AR - Agency Report B - Bulletin CR - Contract Report FR - Field Report IC - Information Circular MLA - Mineral Land Assessment MRS - Mineral Resource

  18. NOAA WEATHER SATELLITES

    Science.gov Websites

    extent of snow cover. In addition, satellite sensors detect ice fields and map the movement of sea and greater danger near shore or any shallow waters? NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SATELLITE PRODUCTS NOAA's operational weather satellite system is composed of two types of satellites: geostationary operational

  19. Lieko Earle | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    evaluations of innovative building envelopes, water heating, and HVAC systems. She also conducts laboratory barriers for emerging and advanced retrofit systems to be implemented on a broad basis, as well as field Monitoring (NILM) techniques, and control strategies to develop cost-effective systems that integrate

  20. ACHP | News

    Science.gov Websites

    Search skip specific nav links Home arrow News arrow Winter Business Meeting Wrap-up Winter Business business meeting in San Francisco, California, with three days of engaging with preservationists on the rich history, landscapes, and architecture of San Francisco and exposes them to the field of heritage

  1. National Association Links, Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission,

    Science.gov Websites

    Oil and Gas Conservation Commission Alaska Department of Administration, Alaska Oil and Gas Guidelines Regulatory Regulations Statutes Industry Guidance Bulletins Memorandums of Agreement Links Oil Field Terms (Schlumberger) Spot Price Information (DOE) West Coast Price - NS Oil (DOR) Calendar State

  2. Quantitative Understanding on the Amplitude Decay Characteristic of the Evanescent Electromagnetic Waves Generated by Seismoelectric Conversion

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ren, Hengxin; Huang, Qinghua; Chen, Xiaofei

    2018-03-01

    We conduct numerical simulations and theoretical analyses to quantitatively study the amplitude decay characteristic of the evanescent electromagnetic (EM) waves, which has been neglected in previous studies on the seismoelectric conversion occurring at a porous-porous interface. Time slice snapshots of seismic and EM wave-fields generated by a vertical single force point source in a two-layer porous model show that evanescent EM waves can be induced at a porous-porous interface. The seismic and EM wave-fields computed for a receiver array located in a vertical line nearby the interface are investigated in detail. In addition to the direct and interface-response radiation EM waves, we identify three groups of coseismic EM fields and evanescent EM waves associated with the direct P, refracted SV-P and direct SV waves, respectively. Thereafter, we derive the mathematical expression of the amplitude decay factor of the evanescent EM waves. This mathematical expression is further validated by our numerical simulations. It turns out the amplitude decay of the evanescent EM waves generated by seismoelectric conversion is greatly dependent on the horizontal wavenumber of seismic waves. It is also found the evanescent EM waves have a higher detectability at a lower frequency range. This work provides a better understanding on the EM wave-fields generated by seismoelectric conversion, which probably will help improve the interpretation of the seismoelectric coupling phenomena associated with natural earthquakes or possibly will inspire some new ideas on the application of the seismoelectric coupling effect.

  3. Contributions of poroelastic-wave potentials to seismoelectromagnetic wavefields and validity of the quasi-static calculation: a view from a borehole model

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Guan, Wei; Shi, Peng; Hu, Hengshan

    2018-01-01

    In this study, we theoretically analyse the contributions of the four poroelastic-wave potentials to seismoelectromagnetic (SEM) wavefields, verify the validity of the quasi-static calculation of the electric field and provide a method to calculate the magnetic field by using the curl-free electric field. Calculations show that both the fast and slow P waves and the SH and SV waves have non-negligible contributions to the SEM fields. The S waves have indirect contribution to the electric field through the EM conversion from the magnetic field, although the direct contribution due to streaming current is negligible if EM wavenumbers are much smaller than those of the S waves. The P waves have indirect contribution to the magnetic field through EM conversion from the electric field, although the direct contribution is absent. The quasi-static calculation of the electric field is practicable since it is normally satisfied in reality that the EM wavenumbers are much smaller than those of poroelastic waves. While the direct contribution of the S waves and the higher-order EM conversions are ignored, the first-order EM conversion from the S-wave-induced magnetic field is reserved through the continuity of the electric-current density. To calculate the magnetic field on this basis, we separate the quasi-static electric field into a rotational and an irrotational part. The magnetic-field solutions are derived through Hertz vectors in which the coefficients of the magnetic Hertz vector are determined from the magnetic-field continuities and those of the electric Hertz vector originate from the irrotational part of the quasi-static electric field.

  4. Chemistry and Nanoscience News | Chemistry and Nanoscience Research | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    News Chemistry and Nanoscience News December 7, 2017 News Release: NREL Develops Novel Method to Laboratory (NREL) establishes a novel catalytic method to produce renewable acrylonitrile using 3

  5. Publications - DGGS Publications Series | Alaska Division of Geological &

    Science.gov Websites

    Report IC - Information Circular IR - Itinerary Report LN - Laboratory Notes LR - Laboratory Report MI . IR - Itinerary Report This series includes reports produced by the Territorial Department of Mines

  6. Pulse - Accelerator Science in Medicine

    Science.gov Websites

    cyclotrons all night to produce medical isotopes for research and treatment. In 1938, Lawrence’s mother Gunda became the first cancer patient to be treated successfully with particles from cyclotrons.

  7. Nuclear Decay Data in the MIRD Format

    Science.gov Websites

    nuclear decay and decay scheme drawings will be produced in the Medical Internal Radiation Dose (MIRD National Laboratory Report BNL-NCS-52142, February 29, 1988) More information concerning medical

  8. Concentrating Solar Power Projects by Technology | Concentrating Solar

    Science.gov Websites

    ) technology from the list below. You can then select a specific project and review a profile covering project basics, participating organizations, and power plant configuration data for the solar field, power block

  9. Electron-Beam-Induced Current | Materials Science | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    Electron-Beam-Induced Current Electron-Beam-Induced Current Photo of a GaAsP-on-Si solar cell. EBIC measure electron-beam-induced current (EBIC). In presence of an electrostatic field (p-n junction

  10. Automated Transmission-Mode Scanning Electron Microscopy (tSEM) for Large Volume Analysis at Nanoscale Resolution

    PubMed Central

    Kuwajima, Masaaki; Mendenhall, John M.; Lindsey, Laurence F.; Harris, Kristen M.

    2013-01-01

    Transmission-mode scanning electron microscopy (tSEM) on a field emission SEM platform was developed for efficient and cost-effective imaging of circuit-scale volumes from brain at nanoscale resolution. Image area was maximized while optimizing the resolution and dynamic range necessary for discriminating key subcellular structures, such as small axonal, dendritic and glial processes, synapses, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, vesicles, microtubules, polyribosomes, and endosomes which are critical for neuronal function. Individual image fields from the tSEM system were up to 4,295 µm2 (65.54 µm per side) at 2 nm pixel size, contrasting with image fields from a modern transmission electron microscope (TEM) system, which were only 66.59 µm2 (8.160 µm per side) at the same pixel size. The tSEM produced outstanding images and had reduced distortion and drift relative to TEM. Automated stage and scan control in tSEM easily provided unattended serial section imaging and montaging. Lens and scan properties on both TEM and SEM platforms revealed no significant nonlinear distortions within a central field of ∼100 µm2 and produced near-perfect image registration across serial sections using the computational elastic alignment tool in Fiji/TrakEM2 software, and reliable geometric measurements from RECONSTRUCT™ or Fiji/TrakEM2 software. Axial resolution limits the analysis of small structures contained within a section (∼45 nm). Since this new tSEM is non-destructive, objects within a section can be explored at finer axial resolution in TEM tomography with current methods. Future development of tSEM tomography promises thinner axial resolution producing nearly isotropic voxels and should provide within-section analyses of structures without changing platforms. Brain was the test system given our interest in synaptic connectivity and plasticity; however, the new tSEM system is readily applicable to other biological systems. PMID:23555711

  11. Module 2: Text Versions | State, Local, and Tribal Governments | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    benefit of having the shade, especially in the summer, that the overall cost increase was worth it. After how much energy a solar project will produce given your location; the cost of solar technologies and large of a project you'll be able to consider; your utility cost and consumption or what the solar

  12. Defense.gov Special Report: Warrior Games 2014

    Science.gov Websites

    Department of Defense Submit Search Looking Back at the 2014 Warrior Games Warrior Games 2014 Once on the Corps Sgt. Anthony McDaniel Jr. during a ceremony honoring Warrior Games participants. Warrior Games Conclude Marine Corps Sgt. Anthony McDaniel Jr. throws the discus during the Warrior Games track and field

  13. FFSE Online Membership Form

    Science.gov Websites

    : Schools to cover the cost of bus transportation to Fermilab for field trips. The cost averages about $100 . Teachers to cover costs of workshops. The cost averages about $200. Families to cover cost of science adventures. The cost averages about $50. PayPal - The safer, easier way to pay online! Tree of Knowledge Leaf

  14. Dale Jenne | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    and focuses on thermal system and economic analysis for low temperature and co-produced hydrothermal mechanical systems and economic analysis has led to his most recent work with the Marine and Hydrokinetic (MHK) team, where he is one of the lead techno-economic analysts for wave and current energy. His areas

  15. El Niño-Southern Oscillation and the seasonal predictability of

    Science.gov Websites

    relationships and can be utilized to provide seasonal forecasts of tropical cyclones. Details of methodologies thunderstorm systems (called mesoscale convective complexes [MCCs]) often produce an inertially stable, warm , they considered hurricanes and intense hurricanes that occurred anywhere within these water boundaries

  16. Donate to the Eastern Oregon Agriculture Research Center | EOARC - Burns

    Science.gov Websites

    provide the science for sound land and livestock management. Our research programs are unique in the integration of research with management of beef cattle, rangelands, wildlife habitat, watersheds, and forests . EOARC conducts research and provides information for public and private land managers, hay producers

  17. NREL Solar Researcher Honored with ASES Abbot Award | News | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    desiccant cooling test laboratory, producing NREL's solar industrial process heat design handbook , developing stretched-membrane parabolic dish solar concentrators, inventing a high-performance heat exchanger the sun's heat to warm the building ventilation air. Kutscher has a B.S. degree in physics from the

  18. MARINE NEWS - GRIDDED and VECTOR DATA

    Science.gov Websites

    Great Lakes. Experimental gridded data and graphical imagery is now routinely produced at most WFOs. It gusts; weather; and wave height by December 2004. Gridded forecasts from the other non-continental U.S (PNG) format. Links to NDFD Data: Example of NDFD Graphical Imagery (experimental) NDFD GRIB2 data via

  19. NREL Research Yields Significant Thermoelectric Performance | News | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    Science paper, Large n- and p-type thermoelectric power factors from doped semiconducting single-walled negative charge carriers. These two types of material--called the p-type and the n-type legs, respectively heavily studied organic thermoelectric material, typically produce n-type materials that perform much

  20. NREL Technologies Win National Awards

    Science.gov Websites

    percent for a prototype module, 7.6 percent for a commercial module) from amorphous silicon, which is less expensive to produce than crystalline silicon used in most commercial solar cells. The resulting product is biomass resources such as wood waste or plant material into gas for electric power generation. The new

  1. NREL Serves as the Energy Department's Showcase for Cutting-Edge Fuel Cell

    Science.gov Websites

    vehicle on loan from Hyundai through a one-year Cooperative Research and Development Agreement and a B produced at the Hydrogen Infrastructure Testing and Research Facility (HITRF) located at NREL's Energy and infrastructure as part of the Energy Department's Hydrogen Fueling Infrastructure Research and

  2. Indiana 50 M Wind Resource

    Science.gov Websites

    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Other_Citation_Details: The wind power resource estimates were produced by AWS TrueWind using their MesoMap system and historical weather data under contract to Wind Powering America/NREL. This map has been validated with available surface data by NREL and wind energy

  3. Arkansas 50m Wind Power Class

    Science.gov Websites

    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Other_Citation_Details: The wind power resource estimates were produced by AWS TrueWind using their MesoMap system and historical weather data under contract to Wind Powering America/NREL. This map has been validated with available surface data by NREL and wind energy

  4. Ohio 50 m Wind Resource

    Science.gov Websites

    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Other_Citation_Details: The wind power resource estimates were produced by AWS TrueWind using their MesoMap system and historical weather data under contract to Wind Powering America/NREL. This map has been validated with available surface data by NREL and wind energy

  5. michigan_50mwind

    Science.gov Websites

    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Other_Citation_Details: The wind power resource estimates were produced by AWS TrueWind using their MesoMap system and historical weather data under contract to Wind Powering America/NREL. This map has been validated with available surface data by NREL and wind energy

  6. Missouri 50 m Wind Resource

    Science.gov Websites

    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Other_Citation_Details: The wind power resource estimates were produced by AWS TrueWind using their MesoMap system and historical weather data under contract to Wind Powering America/NREL. This map has been validated with available surface data by NREL and wind energy

  7. nebraska_50mwind

    Science.gov Websites

    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Other_Citation_Details: The wind power resource estimates were produced by TrueWind Solutions using their MesoMap system and historical weather data under contract to Wind Powering America/NREL. This map has been validated with available surface data by NREL and wind energy

  8. The Cosmic Connection

    Science.gov Websites

    The Nuclear Science Division has produced a 25 minute video called The Cosmic Connection. The narrator and author is Tim Middleton, a teacher from Austin, Texas. This video describes cosmic rays and and Mount Diablo are shown. The video is suitable for grades 6 - 12. It can be found at http

  9. Study Shows Philippine Power System Can Achieve 30% and 50% Renewable

    Science.gov Websites

    Energy by 2030 | News | NREL Study Shows Philippine Power System Can Achieve 30% and 50 % Renewable Energy by 2030 Study Shows Philippine Power System Can Achieve 30% and 50% Renewable Energy by of the Philippines (NGCP), and the Philippine Electricity Market Association produced the study

  10. Patents - Harold Clayton Urey

    Science.gov Websites

    ) US 2,947,472 CENTRIFUGE APPARATUS - Urey, H. C.; Skarstrom, C; Cohen, K; August 2, 1960 (to U. S Commission) This patent is concerned with a heavy water enriched uranium power reactor capable of producing reactor where the stream from both reaction zone and absorber zone is separated from the liquid and solid

  11. ACHP | News

    Science.gov Websites

    Worldwide, where she designed and implemented communications, grassroots, political and legislative , and political consulting fields based primarily in Washington, DC, and Sacramento, California. She has

  12. Analyzing Air Pollutant Emissions from the Biofuel Supply Chain | Energy

    Science.gov Websites

    biomass-to-biofuels life cycle - fast-growing trees, agricultural waste, storage silos, and a biorefinery published in Chapter 9-"Implications of Air Pollutant Emissions from Producing Agricultural and

  13. Frito-Lay Electric Delivery Truck Testing | Transportation Research | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    Frito-Lay Electric Delivery Truck Evaluation Frito-Lay Electric Delivery Truck Evaluation Photo of . The on-road portion of this 12-month evaluation, launched in 2013, focuses on collecting and analyzing . Publications The following documents provide more information about the study. Field Evaluation of Medium-Duty

  14. Omnetric Group Demonstrates Distributed Grid-Edge Control Hierarchy at NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    | Energy Systems Integration Facility | NREL Omnetric Group Omnetric Group Demonstrates Group demonstrated a distributed control hierarchy-based on an open field message bus (OpenFMB resources. OMNETRIC Group first developed and validated the system in the ESIF with a combination of

  15. About NOAA's National Weather Service

    Science.gov Websites

    official web portal to all federal, state and local government web resources and services. Follow the Field Offices are located across the country. Links to web sites of these components of the National that affect small businesses have established Web sites, e-mail addresses, and toll free phone numbers

  16. Publications - GMC 215 | Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical

    Science.gov Websites

    DGGS GMC 215 Publication Details Title: U.S. Minerals Management Service 1992 Lower Cook Inlet Mesozoic Field Program, Shelikof Strait, Alaska Authors: U.S. Minerals Management Service, and ARCO Publication Reference U.S. Minerals Management Service, and ARCO, 1993, U.S. Minerals Management Service 1992 Lower Cook

  17. Paul Fleming | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    Paul Fleming Photo of Paul Fleming Paul Fleming Researcher IV-Control Engineering Paul.Fleming analysis of control systems for wind energy. Paul co-designed the control system used for field testing of advanced control systems on the CARTs, located at the NWTC. Since joining NREL, he has researched topics

  18. Blanco Webcams | CTIO

    Science.gov Websites

    the slit, then the DECam image is being occluded. The small circle is the field of view of DECam on Meetings Upcoming Colloquia Sky Conditions CTIO Site Conditions TASCA RASICAM Infrared Sky Image CTIO Guidelines Library Facilities Outreach NOAO-S EPO Program team Art of Darkness Image Gallery EPO/CADIAS

  19. Estimation of Cardiopulmonary Parameters From Ultra Wideband Radar Measurements Using the State Space Method.

    PubMed

    Naishadham, Krishna; Piou, Jean E; Ren, Lingyun; Fathy, Aly E

    2016-12-01

    Ultra wideband (UWB) Doppler radar has many biomedical applications, including remote diagnosis of cardiovascular disease, triage and real-time personnel tracking in rescue missions. It uses narrow pulses to probe the human body and detect tiny cardiopulmonary movements by spectral analysis of the backscattered electromagnetic (EM) field. With the help of super-resolution spectral algorithms, UWB radar is capable of increased accuracy for estimating vital signs such as heart and respiration rates in adverse signal-to-noise conditions. A major challenge for biomedical radar systems is detecting the heartbeat of a subject with high accuracy, because of minute thorax motion (less than 0.5 mm) caused by the heartbeat. The problem becomes compounded by EM clutter and noise in the environment. In this paper, we introduce a new algorithm based on the state space method (SSM) for the extraction of cardiac and respiration rates from UWB radar measurements. SSM produces range-dependent system poles that can be classified parametrically with spectral peaks at the cardiac and respiratory frequencies. It is shown that SSM produces accurate estimates of the vital signs without producing harmonics and inter-modulation products that plague signal resolution in widely used FFT spectrograms.

  20. Testing the Speed of Gravitational Waves over Cosmological Distances with Strong Gravitational Lensing.

    PubMed

    Collett, Thomas E; Bacon, David

    2017-03-03

    Probing the relative speeds of gravitational waves and light acts as an important test of general relativity and alternative theories of gravity. Measuring the arrival time of gravitational waves (GWs) and electromagnetic (EM) counterparts can be used to measure the relative speeds, but only if the intrinsic time lag between emission of the photons and gravitational waves is well understood. Here we suggest a method that does not make such an assumption, using future strongly lensed GW events and EM counterparts; Biesiada et al. [J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys.10 (2014) 080JCAPBP1475-751610.1088/1475-7516/2014/10/080] forecast that 50-100 strongly lensed GW events will be observed each year with the Einstein Telescope. A single strongly lensed GW event would produce robust constraints on c_{GW}/c_{γ} at the 10^{-7} level, if a high-energy EM counterpart is observed within the field of view of an observing γ-ray burst monitor.

  1. Fermilab Science Education Office - Field Trips, Study Units and Workshops

    Science.gov Websites

    World - Life Sciences (K-5) Phriendly Physics Program - Blog - Physical Sciences (3-5) The Prairie - Our Heartland - Life Sciences 6-9 (6-8) Energy and Ecosystems - Life Sciences (6-9) Beauty and Charm - Physical

  2. Laureates

    Science.gov Websites

    , multi-scale observing systems under challenging field conditions to document unexpectedly large soil CO2 pleased to recognize the Building Technology and Urban Systems Division's Retro-commissioning Sensor synthetic biology while providing novel approaches for crop engineering to support Berkeley Lab and DOE's

  3. Kate Anderson | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    private entities with techno-economic modeling and analysis, field assessments, design, and implementation Force. Research Interests Energy optimization Techno-economic modeling Value of resiliency Solar+storage -Resilient Solar Project: Economic and Resiliency Impact of PV and Storage on New York Critical

  4. GOFC-GOLD :: Global Observation of Forest and Land Cover Dynamics

    Science.gov Websites

    GTOS HOME OVERVIEW CALENDAR ORGANIZATION LAND TEAM FIRE TEAM NETWORKS WORKING GROUPS PARTNERS DATA availability of observations of forests and land cover at regional and global scales and to produce useful

  5. Joint Hometown News Service Homepage

    Science.gov Websites

    Air Force originally running its program from Tinker Air Force Base, Okla. In 1978, after the results time and manpower needed to produce and release each story. It also reduced the amount of paper release

  6. Concentrating Solar Power Projects - Solar Electric Generating Station VI |

    Science.gov Websites

    of power purchase agreement to Southern California Edison. Status Date: October 1, 2015 Photo with an Independent Power Producer, with special Standard Offer 2 (SO-2) type power purchase agreement to Southern

  7. Concentrating Solar Power Projects - Solar Electric Generating Station VII

    Science.gov Websites

    type of power purchase agreement to Southern California Edison. Status Date: October 1, 2015 Photo from Producer, with special Standard Offer 2 (SO-2) type power purchase agreement to Southern California Edison

  8. Concentrating Solar Power Projects - Solar Electric Generating Station II |

    Science.gov Websites

    of power purchase agreement to Southern California Edison. Status Date: November 7, 2017 Photo with Facility Independent Power Producer, with special Standard Offer 2 (SO-2) type power purchase agreement to

  9. Concentrating Solar Power Projects - Solar Electric Generating Station III

    Science.gov Websites

    type of power purchase agreement to Southern California Edison. Status Date: October 1, 2015 Photo with Producer, with special Standard Offer 2 (SO-2) type power purchase agreement to Southern California Edison

  10. Alternative Fuels Data Center: Hydrogen Basics

    Science.gov Websites

    ; Incentives Hydrogen Basics Hydrogen (H2) is an alternative fuel that can be produced from diverse domestic for domestic production, its fast filling time, and the fuel cell's high efficiency. In fact, a fuel

  11. LBNL Neutrino Astrophysics

    Science.gov Websites

    neutral-current interactions in the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory Phys. Rev. Lett., 89, 011301 (2002 ); arXiv:0204008 (2002) Q.R. Ahmad et al. Measurement of the νe+d>p+p+e- interactions produced by 8B

  12. Russell Hulse, the First Binary Pulsar, and Science Education

    Science.gov Websites

    physics research. In 1977, Hulse changed fields from astrophysics to plasma physics and joined the Plasma discoverer of the first binary pulsar and co-recipient of the 1993 Nobel Prize in physics, will affiliate with The University of Texas at Dallas (UTD) as a visiting professor of physics and of science and math

  13. A Century of Physics—The Future of Renewable Energy

    Science.gov Websites

    Society (APS) and the role of physics in the 20th century. Advancements in physics and related fields of world. Several story ideas can be developed to explore the role of physics in energy development for a wind turbine blade? How do scientists use physics, including quantum and solid-state physics

  14. Alternative Fuels Data Center: Hydrogen Production and Distribution

    Science.gov Websites

    created by reacting natural gas with high-temperature steam. The carbon monoxide is reacted with water to synthesis gas can also be created by reacting coal or biomass with high-temperature steam and oxygen in a : Renewable liquid fuels, such as ethanol, are reacted with high-temperature steam to produce hydrogen near

  15. NREL at 40: Research Efforts Drive Advanced Energy | News | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    blades, getting them to the installation site becomes more difficult. "When I joined the wind industry in 1995, we were still producing 9-meter blades," said Derek Berry, senior wind technology . Eventually we started manufacturing 20- and 30-meter blades and we were still able to ship them without much

  16. Alternative Fuels Data Center: Electricity Research and Development

    Science.gov Websites

    blades of a turbine connected to an electric generator. The turbine generator set converts mechanical and solar thermal, the heat that is produced is used to create steam, which moves the blades of the turbine. In the cases of hydropower and wind power, turbine blades are moved directly by flowing water and

  17. Climate Neutral Campus Key Terms and Definitions | Climate Neutral Research

    Science.gov Websites

    energy costs: The amount of money the building owner pays the utility for electricity, fuels, and reliable services is equal to the amount of money the utility pays the owner for renewable energy as much emissions-free renewable energy as it uses from emissions-producing energy sources. Emissions

  18. OHD/HL - RFCDEV/HVT: 2nd charter

    Science.gov Websites

    hydrologists, and managers using existing software (IVP and EVS) and to support the development of CHPS-VS , as well as RFC case studies using these standards. The RFC case studies will include the analyses of capabilities developed at OHD and at the RFCs to produce the standard verification products using IVP, EVS, and

  19. Wood-Boring Gribbles Intrigue Researchers | News | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    the crystal structure of a key enzyme produced by the gribble. The report was recently published in . One of them, dubbed Cel7B, is the subject of the latest paper describing its crystal structure. " diffraction to solve the structure of the gribble enzyme and biochemical techniques to understand its activity

  20. Alternative Fuel Fleet Vehicle Evaluations | Transportation Research | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    renewable resources. The renewable diesel under study, produced by Solazyme, is an algae-derived drop-in on the engines and fuel systems of Ford cargo vans and Mack tractor trucks. The results of this study International Truck and Engine Corporation. The results of this study are featured in the Final Operability and

  1. Study Shows India Can Integrate 175 GW of Renewable Energy into Its

    Science.gov Websites

    Electricity Grid | News | News | NREL Study Shows India Can Integrate 175 GW of Renewable Energy into Its Electricity Grid News Release: Study Shows India Can Integrate 175 GW of Renewable Energy Corporation, Ltd. (POSOCO); and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) produced the study Greening the

  2. Spatial performance of RegEM climate field reconstruction techniques in a realistic pseudoproxy context

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wang, J.; Emile-Geay, J.; Guillot, D.

    2011-12-01

    Several methods of climate field reconstructions (CFRs) have been introduced in the past few years to estimate past climate variability from proxy data over the Common Era. The pseudoproxy framework has become a tool of choice for assessing the relative merits of such methods. Here we compare four variants of the RegEM algorithm [Schneider, 2001], using a pseudoproxy network mimicking the key spatio-temporal characteristics of the network of Mann et al., 2008 (hereinafter M08); the methods are (1) RegEM TTLS (2) RegEM iTTLS (3) GraphEM and (4) RegEM iRIDGE. To ensure continuity with previous work [Smerdon et al. 2011], pseudoproxy series are designed as a white-noise degraded version of the simulated temperature field [Amman et al. 2007] over 850-1980 C.E. colocated with 1138 M08 proxies. We use signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) of: ∞ (no noise), 1.0, 0.5 and 0.25, to simulate differences in proxy quality. Two novelties in pseudoproxy design are introduced here: (1) the decrease in proxy availability over time follows that found in M08, (2) a realistic case where the SNR is empirically derived from correlations between each M08 proxy and the HadCRUT3v temperature field. It is found that this realistic SNR is clustered around 0.3, but ranges from 0.1 to 0.8. Verification statistics such as RE, CE, r2, bias, standard deviation ratio and RMSE are presented for each method at each SNR level. The results show that all methods perform relatively well at SNR levels higher than 0.5, but display drastically different performances at lower SNR levels. Compared with results using pseudoproxy network of Mann et al., 1998, (hereinafter MBH98), the reconstruction skill of the M08 network is relatively improved, in line with the findings of Smerdon et al., 2011. Overall, we find that GraphEM and iTTLS tend to produce more robust estimates of the temperature field at low SNR levels than other schemes, while preserving a higher amount of variance in the target field. Ammann, C. M., F. Joos, D. S. Schimel, B. L. Otto-Bliesner, and R. A. Tomas (2007), Solar influence on climate during the past millennium: Results from transient simulations with the NCAR Climate System Model, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 104, 3713-3718, doi:10.1073/pnas.0605064103. Mann, M. E., R. S. Bradley, and M. K. Hughes (1998), Global-scale temperaturepatterns and climate forcing over the past six centuries, Nature, 392, 779-787, doi:10.1038/33859. Mann, M. E., S. Rutherford, E. Wahl, and C. Ammann (2007), Robustness of proxy-based climate field reconstruction methods, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D12109, doi:10.1029/2006JD008272. Mann, M. E., et al. (2008), Proxy-based reconstructions of hemispheric and global surface temperature variations over the past two millennia, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 105, 13,252-13,257, doi:10.1073/pnas.0805721105. Schneider, T. (2001), Analysis of incomplete climate data: Estimation of mean values and covariance matrices and imputation of missing values, J. Clim., 14, 853-871, doi:10.1175/1520-0442(2001)014<0853: AOICDE>2.0.CO;2. Smerdon, J. E., A. Kaplan, E. Zorita, J. F. González-Rouco, and M. N. Evans (2011), Spatial performance of four climate field reconstruction methods targeting the Common Era, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L11705, doi:10.1029/2011GL047372.

  3. Jason Fields | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    assessment and risk analysis. His research interests include instrumentation, mesoscale-microscale coupling , uncertainty analysis, and risk assessment. Jason is also the U.S. representative on several international

  4. Donald J. Cram, Host-Guest Chemistry, Cram's Rule of Asymmetric Induction

    Science.gov Websites

    across organic chemistry, with applications in both basic research as well as specific fields, such as for life and science have forever changed "teaching in organic chemistry, and altered the shape organic chemistry; his research affects the many ways organic chemistry now appears in our daily lives

  5. NREL: U.S. Life Cycle Inventory Database Home Page

    Science.gov Websites

    U.S. Life-Cycle Inventory Database Buildings Research Photo of a green field with an ocean in the background. U.S. Life Cycle Inventory Database NREL and its partners created the U.S. Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) Database to help life cycle assessment (LCA) practitioners answer questions about environmental

  6. Comparative PV LCOE Calculator Documentation | Photovoltaic Research | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    Comparative Photovoltaic (PV) Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) Calculator. Getting started This tool is and watch the LCOE values in the results section change immediately. Example: Cell cost reduction In the proposed section, drag the cell cost slider or type in the cell cost numeric input field to reduce

  7. PEER - National Information Service for Earthquake Engineering - NISEE

    Science.gov Websites

    Information Service for Earthquake Engineering - NISEE The NISEE/PEER Library is an affiliated library of the Field Station, five miles from the main Berkeley campus. Address NISEE/PEER Library, University of Regents Hours Monday - Friday, 9:00 am - 1:00 pm Open to the public NISEE/PEER Library home page. 325

  8. ACHP | Working Together to Build a More Inclusive Preservation Program

    Science.gov Websites

    field? As a grade school student, I loved history and writing, but never had an exact idea of what I combination of history, the built environment, writing, research, and the challenge of conveying why the past : architectural history, preservation theory, planning history, documentation (photography and measured drawings

  9. Wade Braunecker | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    ; copolymers for a number of systematic studies in the field of organic photovoltaics (OPV). He became a Staff nitroxide radical groups for application as organic radical cathode materials, the development of materials been developing covalent organic frameworks for gas storage and separation applications. Research

  10. NOAA ARL Field Research Division

    Science.gov Websites

    quality managers become better informed about how and where air pollution is moving and what populations may be affected. Using this science-based information, air quality controls and regulations can be Commerce | NOAA | NOAA Research | ARL | FRD Privacy | Disclaimer | Information Quality | webmaster

  11. Neil Snyder | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    Photo of Neil Snyder Neil Snyder Manager III-Program Management Research Neil.Snyder@nrel.gov management. He has chiefly focused on developing complex systems and his specific expertise is leadership. As has acquired familiarity level expertise in many technical fields including environmental management

  12. NOAA's Workforce Management Office - Careers

    Science.gov Websites

    NOAA - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration - [title] Home About WFMO Career Managers About NOAA Career Fields NOAA Vacancies Student, Graduate, Faculty Options What NOAA Has To Offer . NOAA: a career that makes a world of difference! The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

  13. Ry Horsey | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    Ry Horsey Photo of Henry Horsey Ry Horsey Software Developer - Commercial Buildings Energy Modeling the field of commercial building energy modeling. He is particularly interested in the increasing tools to support large-scale commercial building energy modeling. This work has led to contributions to

  14. IPM Pipe

    Science.gov Websites

    View My Alerts Reporting Disease Outbreaks Interpreting Threats and Risks Photo Gallery Field pathways spores are likely to travel from confirmed sources. The forecasts were prepared for purposes of the forecasts for any use. This forecasting service is provided by the North Carolina State University

  15. Publications | Buildings | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    Documents Efficiency of Mini-Split Heat Pumps (Fact Sheet). NREL Highlights, Research & Development . Christensen, D.; Fang, X.; Tomerlin, J.; Winkler, J.; Hancock, E. (2011). Field Monitoring Protocol: Mini

  16. U.S. Department of Energy, Secretary of Energy Spencer Abraham, Office of

    Science.gov Websites

    , ghostlike particles produced in the nuclear reactions that power the sun. DOE and its predecessor agencies ' experiments detected these neutrinos, confirming that the sun is powered by nuclear fusion. The same

  17. Electromagnetic radiation from beam-plasma instabilities

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Pritchett, P. L.; Dawson, J. M.

    1983-01-01

    A computer simulation is developed for the generation of electromagnetic radiation in an electron beam-plasma interaction. The plasma is treated as a two-dimensional finite system, and effects of a continuous nonrelativistic beam input are accounted for. Three momentum and three field components are included in the simulation, and an external magnetic field is excluded. EM radiation generation is possible through interaction among Langmuir oscillations, ion-acoustic waves, and the electromagnetic wave, producing radiation perpendicular to the beam. The radiation is located near the plasma frequency, and polarized with the E component parallel to the beam. The scattering of Langmuir waves caused by ion-acoustic fluctuations generates the radiation. Comparison with laboratory data for the three-wave interactions shows good agreement in terms of the radiation levels produced, which are small relative to the plasma thermal energy.

  18. IO CAREERS - Home

    Science.gov Websites

    international organization as a federal employee ‹ › Search Jobs Professional Field: -- Any Indonesia Iran Iraq Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kosovo Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Laos Lebanon System / UNDP, - (Multiple D/S) Targeted Students and Young Professionals Most professional posts in

  19. Privacy Statement for Nova Southeastern University

    Science.gov Websites

    and information sciences, and pharmacy. Professional Programs in high demand fields such as medicine conducted at NSU. Translational Research and Economic Development Information on basic, applied, and privacy and recognizes the importance of your personal information. We are committed to protecting your

  20. GHRC Innovations Laboratory

    Science.gov Websites

    NASA GHRC One of NASA's Distributed Active Archive Centers Access Data Dataset List (HyDRO) View a Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) on NASA's Aqua satellite. NASA Earthdata Search Earthdata is NASA's and Rapid Intensification Processes (GRIP) experiment was a NASA Earth science field experiment in

  1. Publications - GMC 233 | Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical

    Science.gov Websites

    Tidal Datum Portal Climate and Cryosphere Hazards Coastal Hazards Program Guide to Geologic Hazards in geologic field program in Lower Cook Inlet, Alaska Authors: Roberts, Chuck, Coastal Science Laboratories publication sales page for more information. Bibliographic Reference Roberts, Chuck, Coastal Science

  2. Scott Dana | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    Dana Scott Dana Mechanical and Vibrations Engineer Scott.Dana@nrel.gov | 303-384-7036 Scott focuses on field testing of wind turbines and components for mechanical loads and power performance structural health monitoring using dynamic-based sensing methods. Education B.S. and M.S. in Mechanical

  3. Ingrid Repins | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    International Electrotechnical Commission Working Group for Photovoltaic Modules, and UL standards technical thin-film photovoltaic device, and the most highly cited 2008-2009 paper in the field of energy ., Shaheen, S.E., Torvik, J.T., Rockett, A.A., Fthenakis, V.M., Aydil, E.S, 2011. "Photovoltaic

  4. EM-ANIMATE - COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR DISPLAYING AND ANIMATING THE STEADY-STATE TIME-HARMONIC ELECTROMAGNETIC NEAR FIELD AND SURFACE-CURRENT SOLUTIONS

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Hom, K. W.

    1994-01-01

    The EM-ANIMATE program is a specialized visualization program that displays and animates the near-field and surface-current solutions obtained from an electromagnetics program, in particular, that from MOM3D (LAR-15074). The EM-ANIMATE program is windows based and contains a user-friendly, graphical interface for setting viewing options, case selection, file manipulation, etc. EM-ANIMATE displays the field and surface-current magnitude as smooth shaded color fields (color contours) ranging from a minimum contour value to a maximum contour value for the fields and surface currents. The program can display either the total electric field or the scattered electric field in either time-harmonic animation mode or in the root mean square (RMS) average mode. The default setting is initially set to the minimum and maximum values within the field and surface current data and can be optionally set by the user. The field and surface-current value are animated by calculating and viewing the solution at user selectable radian time increments between 0 and 2pi. The surface currents can also be displayed in either time-harmonic animation mode or in RMS average mode. In RMS mode, the color contours do not vary with time, but show the constant time averaged field and surface-current magnitude solution. The electric field and surface-current directions can be displayed as scaled vector arrows which have a length proportional to the magnitude at each field grid point or surface node point. These vector properties can be viewed separately or concurrently with the field or surface-current magnitudes. Animation speed is improved by turning off the display of the vector arrows. In RMS modes, the direction vectors are still displayed as varying with time since the time averaged direction vectors would be zero length vectors. Other surface properties can optionally be viewed. These include the surface grid, the resistance value assigned to each element of the grid, and the power dissipation of each element which has an assigned resistance value. The EM-ANIMATE program will accept up to 10 different surface current cases each consisting of up to 20,000 node points and 10,000 triangle definitions and will animate one of these cases. The capability is used to compare surface-current distribution due to various initial excitation directions or electric field orientations. The program can accept up to 50 planes of field data consisting of a grid of 100 by 100 field points. These planes of data are user selectable and can be viewed individually or concurrently. With these preset limits, the program requires 55 megabytes of core memory to run. These limits can be changed in the header files to accommodate the available core memory of an individual workstation. An estimate of memory required can be made as follows: approximate memory in bytes equals (number of nodes times number of surfaces times 14 variables times bytes per word, typically 4 bytes per floating point) plus (number of field planes times number of nodes per plane times 21 variables times bytes per word). This gives the approximate memory size required to store the field and surface-current data. The total memory size is approximately 400,000 bytes plus the data memory size. The animation calculations are performed in real time at any user set time step. For Silicon Graphics Workstations that have multiple processors, this program has been optimized to perform these calculations on multiple processors to increase animation rates. The optimized program uses the SGI PFA (Power FORTRAN Accelerator) library. On single processor machines, the parallelization directives are seen as comments to the program and will have no effect on compilation or execution. EM-ANIMATE is written in FORTRAN 77 for implementation on SGI IRIS workstations running IRIX 3.0 or later. A minimum of 55Mb of RAM is required for execution of this program; however, the code may be modified to accommodate the available memory of an individual workstation. For program execution, twenty-four bit, double-buffered color capability is suggested, but not required. Sample input and output files and a sample executable are provided on the distribution medium. Electronic documentation is provided in PostScript format and in the form of IRIX man pages. The standard distribution medium for EM-ANIMATE is a .25 inch streaming magnetic IRIX tape cartridge in UNIX tar format. EM-ANIMATE is also available as part of a bundled package, COS-10048 that includes MOM3D, an IRIS program that produces electromagnetic near field and surface current solutions. This program was developed in 1993.

  5. Starting Small, Thinking Big - Continuum Magazine | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    field of urban science by preparing cities with world-class decision support. -Written by Kevin Eber How generation of clean energy decision science. Photo of two long cabins with a view of one roof, which is solar power systems to the grid in the U.S. Virgin Islands have led to a significant growth in installed

  6. ACHP | Working Together to Build a More Inclusive Preservation Program

    Science.gov Websites

    History. Gurley worked on his Master's in Applied History at the University of South Carolina. He is a preservation field? Robert Gurley has a love for history. Growing up in a small town in North Carolina, about , such as timber framing or brick and masonry construction. Then, Gurley became a history major and

  7. Leading Solar Expertise-A Launch Pad to the Future - Continuum Magazine

    Science.gov Websites

    &D Magazine and identify each technology as one of the top 100 technological innovations of the 1996 for copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS). One of the more popular thin-film solar cells to be of the world's first solar power towers-Solar One and Solar Two, shown here. CSP systems produce

  8. Paint it Black: One-Step Etch Cuts Solar Cell Costs - Continuum Magazine

    Science.gov Websites

    quicker, cheaper way to produce large volumes of high-performance PV devices. Cost is a major obstacle for propel PV toward cost-competitiveness. A New Approach to Antireflection Any light reflected from a solar etching large pyramids into the cell surface, add considerable cost to a solar cell-and they succeed only

  9. Alternative Fuels Data Center: Texas Puts a New Spin on Mowing

    Science.gov Websites

    halt on Ozone Action Days, and petroleum use is reduced by about 100,000 gallons per year. " On -level ozone pollution, prompting the state to declare Ozone Action Days. On these days, residents and produce much lower emissions than gasoline mowers do, and they can be used on Ozone Action Days. CTCC

  10. Sign up for NREL News | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    . All fields required. Email Name Organization Choose your subscriptions News Releases and Feature and technology news, publications, and job postings Subscribe Subscribe to NREL Research and Analysis

  11. Women in Science Statistics

    Science.gov Websites

    /country/economy, by field (2010) Women among Physics and Astronomy faculty (2010) African Americans and Hispanics among Physics and Astronomy Faculty (2012) UPDATED Primary support mechanisms for science and

  12. LONG-TERM ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD MEASUREMENT AND ASSESSMENT FOR A SHOPPING MALL.

    PubMed

    Engiz, Begum Korunur; Kurnaz, Cetin

    2017-07-01

    As a result of the dense deployment of wireless devices and base stations, measuring and evaluating the electromagnetic (EM) exposure levels they emit have become important to human health especially if they exceed the limits defined in the standards. Base stations, Wi-Fi equipment and other electronic devices are used heavily, especially in densely crowded places like shopping centers. In this study, electric field strength (E) measurements were conducted at one of the largest shopping malls in Turkey. Broadband E measurements were performed using PMM 8053 EM field strength meter for 24 h a day for the duration of one week while frequency selective measurements were carried out with SRM-3006 EM field strength meter. It is concluded from the measurements that the mean measured total E in the band between 100 kHz and 3 GHz is 0.59 V/m while the maximum E is 7.88 V/m, which are both below the limit determined by International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection. Evolutions show that E can increase by up to 55% during the daytime. Analyses demonstrate that 71.3% of total E is caused by UMTS2100, 16.3% is produced by GSM900, 6.2% by LTE, 3.5% by Wi-Fi, and 2.7% is generated by devices that use the remaining frequency bands. Based on the detailed statistical analysis of long-term E measurement results, it can be concluded that the measured E levels are not in normal distribution and that they are statistically different with respect to days. Furthermore, distribution of E can be best modeled with the non-parametric approach. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

  13. Reinventing Material Science - Continuum Magazine | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    to reinvent an entire field of study, but that is exactly what the Center for Inverse Design is functional materials by developing an "inverse design" approach, powered by theory that guides experiment. The Center for Inverse Design was established as an Energy Frontier Research Center, funded by

  14. Badging, Real ID

    Science.gov Websites

    . REAL ID LANL Impacts and Solutions The federal government has determined New Mexico is non-compliant Identification Cards whom will also become Non-Compliant. Access through LANL Vehicle Access Portals unaffected alternate ID if they are coming from "non-compliant" REAL-ID states LANS and the Field Office have

  15. Contact Us | High-Performance Computing | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    Select Peregrine Merlin WinHPC Allocation project handle (if requesting HPC account) Description of "SEND REQUEST" and nothing happens, it most likely means you forgot to provide information in a required field. You may need to scroll up to see what required information is missing

  16. Defense.gov Special Report: Travels with Gates - March 2011

    Science.gov Websites

    Troops Expand Security in Afghanistan NATO Ministers to Discuss Afghanistan, Libya Secretary Addresses , Karzai Discuss Civilian Casualties Secretary Fields Questions at Bagram Airfield Gates Arrives in FEAR Act Plain Writing Act of 2010 Accessibility/Section 508 Join the Military Careers Web Policy Stay

  17. Peter Hacke | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    photovoltaic (PV) modules, inspections for root cause of module failures in the field, and accelerated lifetime delamination. His research interests are in modeling of degradation processes of PV modules, module integrated analysis of PV degradation data. He also explores accelerated multi-stress and combined stress testing to

  18. Frank Wilczek, Asymptotic Freedom, and Strong Interaction

    Science.gov Websites

    whereby quarks behave as free particles when they are close together, but become more strongly attracted , Issue 26; 1973 Asymptotically Free Gauge Theories I; DOE Technical Report; 1973 Scaling Deviations for Neutrino Reactions in Asymptotically Free Field Theories; DOE Technical Report; 1974 Weak-interaction

  19. Resource Characterization | Water Power | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    characterization and assessment, NREL has extended its capabilities to the field of water power. NREL's team of , modeling, data analysis, and Geographic Information Systems. Many years of experience in wind assessment have enabled NREL to develop the skills and methodologies to evaluate the development potential of many

  20. STEM | News

    Science.gov Websites

    the field. STEM Career Expo at Fermilab From NCTV17, April 20, 2018: The next generation of scientists Career Expo. Watch the 90-second segment. In photos: Dare to Dream shares joys of STEM with Latina middle Lab professionals discussed their work, shared their experiences in different career areas and

  1. Alan Wright | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    , Alan is the technical lead and project leader for the Advanced Controls Task. Under Alan's direction , NREL has become a world leader in the development and testing of advanced controls for wind turbine load mitigation and enhanced energy capture and performed the world's first field tests of advanced

  2. Offshore Standards and Research Validation | Wind | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    Research Capabilities 35 years of wind turbine testing experience Custom high speed data acquisition system turbine testing expertise, NREL has developed instrumentation for high resolution measurements at sea by and technicians, who conduct a wide range of field measurements to verify turbine performance and

  3. CONTRIBUTIONS OF 20TH CENTURY WOMEN TO PHYSICS

    Science.gov Websites

    Annotated Photo Gallery In Her Own Words Some Physics History 500+ Books and Articles Field Editors Physical Society, the University of California, UCLA Physics and Astronomy Department, the Laboratories of Astrophysics Burbidge, E. M. Burnell, Jocelyn Faber, Sandra Leavitt, Henrietta Payne-Gaposchkin,Cecilia Rubin

  4. University of Maryland MRSEC - Research: Seed 3

    Science.gov Websites

    MRSEC Templates Opportunities Search Home » Research » Seed 3 Seed 3: Modeling Elastic Effects on controlling parameters and variables include temperature, deposition flux, external electric field and elastic simulating the effects of these controlling factors often lead to predictions that guide future experiments

  5. Biological Soil Crust Web Site

    Science.gov Websites

    www.soilcrust.org Crust 101 Advanced Gallery References CCERS site Links Biological Soil Crusts Textbook Corrections Level of Development Index Biological soil crusts are the community of organisms , mosses, liverworts and lichens. A Field Guide to Biological Soil Crusts of Western U.S. Drylands: Common

  6. SolidBiomass

    Science.gov Websites

    , soybeans, cotton, sorghum, barley, oats, rice, rye, canola, dry edible beans, peanuts, safflower, sunflower maintain ecological and agricultural functions. Data for 2012, in dry metric tons/year. NREL UrbanWood This , in dry metric tons/year. NREL SecMill This field contains data for secondary mill residues by county

  7. Biofuels Basics | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    commonly made by fermenting any biomass high in carbohydrates through a process similar to beer brewing . Today, ethanol is made from starches and sugars, but NREL scientists are developing technology to allow plant matter. Cornstalks in a field with mountains in the background. NREL researchers are developing

  8. Technology Development and Deployment | Energy Analysis | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    nexus. Example Projects Making Biofuel from Microalgae The Energy-Water-Food Nexus through the Lens of Algal Systems Planning for Algal Systems: An Energy-Water-Food Nexus Perspective (a strategic framework ) Core Capabilities Field Test Laboratory Building Sample Publications "Energy-Water-Food Nexus

  9. ICPR-2016 - International Conference on Pattern Recognition

    Science.gov Websites

    Learning for Scene Understanding" Speakers ICPR2016 PAPER AWARDS Best Piero Zamperoni Student Paper -Paced Dictionary Learning for Cross-Domain Retrieval and Recognition Xu, Dan; Song, Jingkuan; Alameda discussions on recent advances in the fields of Pattern Recognition, Machine Learning and Computer Vision, and

  10. Research Fellows | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    years and has contributed greatly to world-record efficiencies in various photovoltaic technologies is a world-renowned expert in the fields of multijunction PV, concentrator PV, and PV reliability Publications Photo of Mark O'Malley Mark O'Malley SENIOR RESEARCH FELLOW Mark O'Malley is a world authority on

  11. The Lumina Project

    Science.gov Websites

    Low-Carbon Off-Grid Lighting in the Developing World Community LuminaNET - A social network for the photographs taken during our research and field work around the world. Showing: Maai Mahiu Secondary School research by diverse organizations throughout the world. You can add your organization and projects to this

  12. Sun Grant - Western Regional Center | | Oregon State University

    Science.gov Websites

    Services Make a Gift Search Field Search Sun Grant - Western Regional Center Home About Us Mission Western States News Sun Grant Initiative Contacts The Five Regional Centers Center Activities Competitive Grant Territories Sun Grant Initiative Contacts The Five Regional Centers Center Activities Competitive Grant

  13. Out-of-Hospital Decision-Making and Factors Influencing the Regional Distribution of Injured Patients in a Trauma System

    PubMed Central

    Newgard, Craig D.; Nelson, Maria J.; Kampp, Michael; Saha, Somnath; Zive, Dana; Schmidt, Terri; Daya, Mohamud; Jui, Jonathan; Wittwer, Lynn; Warden, Craig; Sahni, Ritu; Stevens, Mark; Gorman, Kyle; Koenig, Karl; Gubler, Dean; Rosteck, Pontine; Lee, Jan; Hedges, Jerris R.

    2011-01-01

    Background The decision-making processes used for out-of-hospital trauma triage and hospital selection in regionalized trauma systems remain poorly understood. The objective of this study was to understand the process of field triage decision-making in an established trauma system. Methods We used a mixed methods approach, including EMS records to quantify triage decisions and reasons for hospital selection in a population-based, injury cohort (2006 - 2008), plus a focused ethnography to understand EMS cognitive reasoning in making triage decisions. The study included 10 EMS agencies providing service to a 4-county regional trauma system with 3 trauma centers and 13 non-trauma hospitals. For qualitative analyses, we conducted field observation and interviews with 35 EMS field providers and a round-table discussion with 40 EMS management personnel to generate an empirical model of out-of-hospital decision making in trauma triage. Results 64,190 injured patients were evaluated by EMS, of whom 56,444 (88.0%) were transported to acute care hospitals and 9,637 (17.1% of transports) were field trauma activations. For non-trauma activations, patient/family preference and proximity accounted for 78% of destination decisions. EMS provider judgment was cited in 36% of field trauma activations and was the sole criterion in 23% of trauma patients. The empirical model demonstrated that trauma triage is driven primarily by EMS provider “gut feeling” (judgment) and relies heavily on provider experience, mechanism of injury, and early visual cues at the scene. Conclusions Provider cognitive reasoning for field trauma triage is more heuristic than algorithmic and driven primarily by provider judgment, rather than specific triage criteria. PMID:21817971

  14. Geospatial Data Science Analysis | Geospatial Data Science | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    different levels of technology maturity. Photo of a man taking field measurements. Geospatial analysis energy for different technologies across the nation? Featured Analysis Products Renewable Energy

  15. Full-physics 3D heterogeneous simulations of electromagnetic induction fields on level and deformed sea ice

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Samluk, Jesse P.; Geiger, Cathleen A.; Weiss, Chester J.

    In this article we explore simulated responses of electromagnetic (EM) signals relative to in situ field surveys and quantify the effects that different values of conductivity in sea ice have on the EM fields. We compute EM responses of ice types with a three-dimensional (3-D) finite-volume discretization of Maxwell's equations and present 2-D sliced visualizations of their associated EM fields at discrete frequencies. Several interesting observations result: First, since the simulator computes the fields everywhere, each gridcell acts as a receiver within the model volume, and captures the complete, coupled interactions between air, snow, sea ice and sea water asmore » a function of their conductivity; second, visualizations demonstrate how 1-D approximations near deformed ice features are violated. But the most important new finding is that changes in conductivity affect EM field response by modifying the magnitude and spatial patterns (i.e. footprint size and shape) of current density and magnetic fields. These effects are demonstrated through a visual feature we define as 'null lines'. Null line shape is affected by changes in conductivity near material boundaries as well as transmitter location. Our results encourage the use of null lines as a planning tool for better ground-truth field measurements near deformed ice types.« less

  16. Full-physics 3D heterogeneous simulations of electromagnetic induction fields on level and deformed sea ice

    DOE PAGES

    Samluk, Jesse P.; Geiger, Cathleen A.; Weiss, Chester J.; ...

    2015-10-01

    In this article we explore simulated responses of electromagnetic (EM) signals relative to in situ field surveys and quantify the effects that different values of conductivity in sea ice have on the EM fields. We compute EM responses of ice types with a three-dimensional (3-D) finite-volume discretization of Maxwell's equations and present 2-D sliced visualizations of their associated EM fields at discrete frequencies. Several interesting observations result: First, since the simulator computes the fields everywhere, each gridcell acts as a receiver within the model volume, and captures the complete, coupled interactions between air, snow, sea ice and sea water asmore » a function of their conductivity; second, visualizations demonstrate how 1-D approximations near deformed ice features are violated. But the most important new finding is that changes in conductivity affect EM field response by modifying the magnitude and spatial patterns (i.e. footprint size and shape) of current density and magnetic fields. These effects are demonstrated through a visual feature we define as 'null lines'. Null line shape is affected by changes in conductivity near material boundaries as well as transmitter location. Our results encourage the use of null lines as a planning tool for better ground-truth field measurements near deformed ice types.« less

  17. Electromagnetic receiver with capacitive electrodes and triaxial induction coil for tunnel exploration

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kai, Chen; Sheng, Jin; Wang, Shun

    2017-09-01

    A new type of electromagnetic (EM) receiver has been developed by integrating four capacitive electrodes and a triaxial induction coil with an advanced data logger for tunnel exploration. The new EM receiver can conduct EM observations in tunnels, which is one of the principal goals of surface-tunnel-borehole EM detection for deep ore deposit mapping. The use of capacitive electrodes enables us to record the electrical field (E-field) signals from hard rock surfaces, which are high-resistance terrains. A compact triaxial induction coil integrates three independent induction coils for narrow-tunnel exploration applications. A low-time-drift-error clock source is developed for tunnel applications where GPS signals are unavailable. The three main components of our tunnel EM receiver are: (1) four capacitive electrodes for measuring the E-field signal without digging in hard rock regions; (2) a triaxial induction coil sensor for audio-frequency magnetotelluric and controlled-source audio-frequency magnetotelluric signal measurements; and (3) a data logger that allows us to record five-component MT signals with low noise levels, low time-drift-error for the clock source, and high dynamic range. The proposed tunnel EM receiver was successfully deployed in a mine that exhibited with typical noise characteristics. [Figure not available: see fulltext. Caption: The new EM receiver can conduct EM observations in tunnels, which is one of the principal goals of the surface-tunnel-borehole EM (STBEM) detection for deep ore deposit mapping. The use of a capacitive electrode enables us to record the electrical field (E-field) signals from hard rock surfaces. A compact triaxial induction coil integrated three induction coils, for narrow-tunnel applications.

  18. EM-ANIMATE: A Computer Program for Displaying and Animating Electromagnetic Near-Field and Surface-Current Solutions: Video Supplement to NASA Technical Memorandum 4539

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Hom, Kam W.

    1994-01-01

    In this video, several examples of electromagnetic field and surface-current animation sequences are shown to demonstrate the visualization capabilities of the EM-ANIMATE computer program. These examples show the animation of total and scattered electric near fields from test bodies of a flat plate, a corner reflector, and a sphere. These test cases show the electric-field behavior caused by different scattering mechanisms through the animation of electromagnetic data from the EM-ANIMATE routine.

  19. University of Maryland MRSEC - News: Featured

    Science.gov Websites

    state at surface of bismuth selenide Completed device MRSEC research, published in NanoLetters ASAP in and M. S. Fuhrer, "Insulating behavior in ultrathin bismuth selenide field effect transistors

  20. HYSPLIT SMOKE/DUST GRAPHICS

    Science.gov Websites

    HYSPLIT SMOKE/DUST Forecasts 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48 Select speed: normal 28 29 30 31 Select Cycle: 06Z 12Z Select Field: Smoke Fine Particulate matter (ug/m3) Dust Fine Particulate matter (ug/m3) Select vertical level: Surface Column Average Get map NAQFC NCEP Home NOAA Home

  1. Travis Kemper | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    | 303-275-4066 Dr. Travis Kemper is a post doctorate researcher in the Computational Science Center. He the University of Florida where he developed reactive force fields. During his post doctorate work at

  2. DefenseLink Feature: Travels with Gates

    Science.gov Websites

    | Photos Gates Seeks to Build on Positive Momentum in Iraq Defense Secretary Robert Gates meets with local build on recent momentum. Story Commanders Urge Vigilance, Say Strategy Working Field commanders

  3. Field Characterization | Concentrating Solar Power | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    receivers for performance issues. It uses an infrared (IR) camera, global positioning system (GPS each row of a parabolic trough plant, using the GPS data to automate IR imaging and analyze

  4. Concentrating Solar Power Projects - Waad Al Shamal ISCC Plant |

    Science.gov Websites

    construction Start Year: 2018 Do you have more information, corrections, or comments? Background Technology Solar Start Production: 2018 Participants Developer(s): General Electric Plant Configuration Solar Field

  5. Cell Measurements | Photovoltaic Research | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    two tungsten and two Xe lamps along with filters to produce light in nine wavelength regions in fiber filters on four filter wheels; adjustable chopping frequency 1-kW Xe 280 to 1,900 nm 10 nm full width at of Isc in the range of 0 to 2 suns using two lamps and neutral-density filters. If the sample is

  6. Defense.gov Special Report: Warrior Games 2013

    Science.gov Websites

    Department of Defense Submit Search Warrior Games Once on the battlefield, now on the playing field Facebook Photo Essays Photo Essay: Marines Win Gold in Sitting Volleyball at 2013 Warrior Games Marines Win Gold in Sitting Volleyball at 2013 Warrior Games Photo Essay: Soldiers, Marines Participate in Archery

  7. Announcing Workshop on High Gradient RF

    Science.gov Websites

    Cavities at Argonne National Laboratory Workshop on High Gradient RF October 7-9, 2003 Agenda Accommodation Argonne Guest House SLAC Workshop August 2000 Attendees ANL Map High energy physics and other the gradient limits of these devices. Although the limits on high fields in rf cavities have been

  8. NREL Engineer Gets Lifetime Achievement Award

    Science.gov Websites

    the design of energy efficient buildings. Douglas Balcomb has been selected to receive the 1998 ;The Coming Revolution in Building Design." Balcomb was chosen for the PLEA honor for his contribution over 20 years to the literature in the field of passive solar, low-energy building design. He also

  9. Always Wanted to Hack the Pentagon? DoD Says Bring It

    Science.gov Websites

    test and find vulnerabilities in the department's applications, websites and networks, he added Resolve/Foal Eagle 2010, a joint U.S. and South Korean command-post exercise with computer-based command-post exercise with computer-based simulations and field exercises. Cook said other networks

  10. About / FAQ | DOE PAGES

    Science.gov Websites

    : + Advanced Search × Advanced Search All Fields: Title: Full Text: Bibliographic Data: Creator / Author: Name discoverable at no charge to users. DOE PAGES offers free public access to the best available full-text version and distributed content, with PAGES maintaining a permanent archive of all full text and metadata. In

  11. Owner ID of DCP Owner/Operators

    Science.gov Websites

    INDIAN AFFAIRS DEPT OF INTERIOR BLM001 BOISE INTRAGNCY FIRE CTR-BUR OF LAND MANAGEMENT DEPT OF INTERIOR BLMFIR BOISE INTRAGNCY FIRE CTR-BUR OF LAND MANAGEMENT DEPT OF INTERIOR BLMWRF White River Field Office FIRE DEPT USMC DOIFWS FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE DEPT OF INTERIOR DRIEDU DESERT RESEARCH INSTITUTE

  12. Applications Abound for Nano Field - MIT Spectrum

    Science.gov Websites

    - is applicable to so many disciplines. Van Vliet's work has already, for example, led to important to] can affect the mechanical adhesion of the cell to that material, for example," says Van stiffer, can change the biochemistry - how quickly, for example, enzymes can affect the speed of certain

  13. Education and Outreach | State, Local, and Tribal Governments | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    of solar policies via our Policy Basics section. Topics include feed-in tariffs, renewable energy ," "Hot Topics," and "In the Field" aim to explore the who, what, where, and why addressing solar market barriers. Past presentations are available for the following topics: Solar 101-This

  14. Muon g-2

    Science.gov Websites

    Related Links A Key Contribution from Brookhaven Laboratory The Big Move Muon Department Facebook g-2 on is filled with an invisible sea of virtual particles that -in accordance with the laws of quantum presence and nature of these virtual particles with particle beams traveling in a magnetic field. The Muon

  15. Concentrating Solar Power Projects - Airlight Energy Ait-Baha Pilot Plant |

    Science.gov Websites

    heat at high temperature to the existing 12MW ORC Generator. Status Date: February 16, 2015 Project Mirror Manufacturer (Model): Airlight Energy (Pneumatic mirror) # of Heat Collector Elements (HCEs): 108 HCE Manufacturer: Airlight Energy Heat-Transfer Fluid Type: Air at ambient pressure Solar-Field Inlet

  16. Structural Research Facilities | Wind | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    enable the characterization and validation of wind turbine blades and components. A photo of a wind operating loads experienced by blades during field operation and accelerated fatigue lifetime loading can be are capable of validating blades and components smaller than 1 meter (m) to more than 50 m in length

  17. Preserve America Summit

    Science.gov Websites

    Tell Us How You Would Build a Preservation Ethic and Public Appreciation for History Please share your thoughts with us. How would you build a preservation ethic and public appreciation for history? Email us at preservation, education, history and related fields met in Detroit, Michigan, on August 8, 2006, to begin

  18. Staff - Ronald P. Daanen | Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical

    Science.gov Websites

    conditions at an arable field soil with snow cover near Sjökulla, Finland) 1994 - B.A., Environmental , Terrestrial Lidar Observations of Frost Heave and Soil Motion 2009-2011, Research Associate, Geophysical effects of Groundwater Manipulation, Terrestrial Lidar Observations of Frost Heave and Soil Motion 2005

  19. Newsroom

    Science.gov Websites

    from Air Force Gen. Lori Robinson during a ceremony held at Peterson Air Force Base today. May 24, 2018 Gen. O'Shaughnessy assumes command of NORAD, USNORTHCOM Peterson Air Force Base, Colo. - Air Force Gen terminal Sept. 22, 2017 at Joint Base San Antonio-Kelly Field. The cargo was being staged at the Federal

  20. Concentrating Solar Power Projects - Delingha 50MW Thermal Oil Parabolic

    Science.gov Websites

    Trough project | Concentrating Solar Power | NREL Delingha 50MW Thermal Oil Parabolic Trough project Status Date: April 17, 2017 Project Overview Project Name: Delingha 50MW Thermal Oil Parabolic Contractor: IDOM : Thermal energy storage system engineering Plant Configuration Solar Field # of Loops: 190

  1. Center for the Built Environment: Research on Building Envelope Systems

    Science.gov Websites

    Studies Facade and Perimeter Zone Field Study Facades and Thermal Comfort Facade Symposium Mixed-Mode Research Adaptive Comfort Model Mixed-Mode Case Studies Operable Windows and Thermal Comfort Occupant thermal preferences in naturally ventilated as sealed buildings? Case Study Research of Mixed-Mode Office

  2. Concentrating Solar Power Projects - Rayspower Yumen 50MW Thermal Oil

    Science.gov Websites

    Trough project | Concentrating Solar Power | NREL Rayspower Yumen 50MW Thermal Oil Trough project Status Date: January 31, 2017 Project Overview Project Name: Rayspower Yumen 50MW Thermal Oil . Plant Configuration Solar Field Heat-Transfer Fluid Type: Thermal oil Power Block Turbine Capacity

  3. Zhiwen Ma | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    -275-3784 Zhiwen joined the Thermal Systems Group in 2009 to work in the field of Concentrating Solar thermal management and packaging, and gas turbines. He taught in the Department of Engineering Mechanics book chapter, and was awarded two patents in the areas of fuel cells and thermal fluids. Before joining

  4. Geothermal Technologies | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    clean, renewable, domestic power source for the United States. Photo of a geothermal power plant in a technical barriers. GeoVision Study Photo of large gears on a drilling apparatus Technology Innovation We're of a woman in a hard hat with a large, drilling apparatus behind her in a grassy field Partnerships

  5. Apply to NSU

    Science.gov Websites

    Nova Southeastern University It all starts here! Whether you're preparing to start college as an ; Professional Students Whether you're looking to advance in your field or start a new career, a degree from NSU will help you get there. Request more information on a specific graduate degree or start the online

  6. Miniature quadrupole mass spectrometer having a cold cathode ionization source

    DOEpatents

    Felter, Thomas E.

    2002-01-01

    An improved quadrupole mass spectrometer is described. The improvement lies in the substitution of the conventional hot filament electron source with a cold cathode field emitter array which in turn allows operating a small QMS at much high internal pressures then are currently achievable. By eliminating of the hot filament such problems as thermally "cracking" delicate analyte molecules, outgassing a "hot" filament, high power requirements, filament contamination by outgas species, and spurious em fields are avoid all together. In addition, the ability of produce FEAs using well-known and well developed photolithographic techniques, permits building a QMS having multiple redundancies of the ionization source at very low additional cost.

  7. NREL Research Earns Two Prestigious R&D 100 Awards | News | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    R&D 100 Awards July 11, 2014 A growth system that can produce thin solar cells quickly and at NREL's other R&D 100 award, in collaboration with HP, was for the HP Apollo 8000 System. This

  8. Archaeological Geophysics at the San Marcos Pueblo, New Mexico, USA

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Grimes, K.; Joiner, C. J.; Musa, D.; Allred, I.; Delhaye, R. P.; Zorin, N.; Feucht, D. W.; Johnston, G.; Pellerin, L.; McPhee, D.; Ferguson, J. F.

    2013-12-01

    The students and faculty of the Summer of Applied Geophysical Experience (SAGE) geophysical field course have studied the San Marcos Pueblo (LA 98) since 2004. This activity has provided instruction in near-surface geophysics and research into the application of geophysical techniques to southwestern archaeological problems. Our study site, the San Marcos Pueblo, is a classical and colonial period (1200-1680) pueblo that was once one of the largest communities in the southwest. Previous SAGE publications have discussed the discovery of archaeological features, the underlying geology and hydrological conditions. This study focuses on the interpretation of 'El Mapo Grande', 150 m X 150 m, high-resolution (0.5 m) maps of magnetic and electrical properties and 12 seismic refraction lines. The map covers room block, plaza and midden areas as well as areas where colonial period metallurgical activities were known to have occurred. We acquired magnetic, electromagnetic (EM), and ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data in 30 m X 30 m quads producing geophysical maps of each quad (2 or 3 produced each year). Total magnetic field measurements were made with a Geometrics cesium vapor magnetometer, GPR data collected using a Sensors and Software 250 MHz radar were on 0.5 m spaced lines, and EM data were acquired with a Geonics EM-31 on 1 m spaced lines. Seismic data were collected on interconnected lines with 0.5 m receiver and 3 m source interval. El Mapo Grande shows anomalies correlated among the diverse physical properties that were mapped. The edges of strong magnetic anomalies correlate with areas of high GPR scattering possibly associated with rocky floors under room blocks. Areas of high magnetic response are associated with hill-slope erosion channels and plumes of debris in the plaza to the south that are apparently washing down from the metallurgical sites near room blocks. EM data display a good correlation with the magnetic map. Debris channels and plumes are more conductive as well as more magnetically susceptible. Seismic velocity models reveal archaeological features and Plio-Pleistocene geology.

  9. Julian Schwinger and the Source Theory

    Science.gov Websites

    existing (operator) field theory to describe the new experimental discoveries in high energy particle , Purdue University 1964 National Medal of Science Top Some links on this page may take you to non-federal

  10. OHD - Field Support

    Science.gov Websites

    Site Map News Organization Search NWS All NOAA Go Local forecast by "City, St" Search by city or zip code. Press enter or select the go button to submit request City, St Go Front Office OWP

  11. Craig L. Perkins, Ph.D. | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    molecular beam epitaxy systems, two photoemission systems, a field-emission scanning Auger microprobe, a ;Molecular Anchors for Self-Assembled Monolayers on ZnO: A Direct Comparison of the Thiol and Phosphonic Acid

  12. Arlinda Huskey | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    | 303-384-6987 Arlinda joined NREL in 1995. Her activities include field testing of small and large wind for small wind turbines. She also is the secretary of the IEC maintenance team for the wind turbine

  13. Home Page: Division of Mammals: Department of Vertebrate Zoology: NMNH

    Science.gov Websites

    Search Field: Search Submit: Submit {search_item} Advanced Search Plan Your Visit Exhibitions Education Resources Databases Marine Mammal Program Beaked Whale Identification Guide 3D Primates VZ Libraries Related

  14. IMMUNOLOGIC EFFECTS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS (1981-1983)

    EPA Science Inventory

    In vitro studies provide evidence that support and EM field induced thermal mechanism for immune effects. When proper control of culture temperatures has been achieved during in vitro exposure to EM fields, no alterations have been observed for a variety of immune cell functions....

  15. HYSPLIT SMOKE/DUST GRAPHICS

    Science.gov Websites

    HYSPLIT SMOKE/DUST Forecasts 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48 Select speed: normal 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Select Cycle: 06Z Select Field: Smoke Fine Particulate matter (ug/m3) Dust Fine Particulate matter (ug/m3) Select vertical level: Surface Column Average Get map

  16. Vector Galileon and inflationary magnetogenesis

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Nandi, Debottam; Shankaranarayanan, S.

    2018-01-01

    Cosmological inflation provides the initial conditions for the structure formation. However, the origin of large-scale magnetic fields can not be addressed in this framework. The key issue for this long-standing problem is the conformal invariance of the electromagnetic (EM) field in 4-D. While many approaches have been proposed in the literature for breaking conformal invariance of the EM action, here, we provide a completely new way of looking at the modifications to the EM action and generation of primordial magnetic fields during inflation. We explicitly construct a higher derivative EM action that breaks conformal invariance by demanding three conditions—theory be described by vector potential Aμ and its derivatives, Gauge invariance be satisfied, and equations of motion be linear in second derivatives of vector potential. The unique feature of our model is that appreciable magnetic fields are generated at small wavelengths while tiny magnetic fields are generated at large wavelengths that are consistent with current observations.

  17. Applying hospital evidence to paramedicine: issues of indirectness, validity and knowledge translation.

    PubMed

    Bigham, Blair; Welsford, Michelle

    2015-05-01

    The practice of emergency medicine (EM) has been intertwined with emergency medical services (EMS) for more than 40 years. In this commentary, we explore the practice of translating hospital based evidence into the prehospital setting. We will challenge both EMS and EM dogma-bringing hospital care to patients in the field is not always better. In providing examples of therapies championed in hospitals that have failed to translate into the field, we will discuss the unique prehospital environment, and why evidence from the hospital setting cannot necessarily be translated to the prehospital field. Paramedicine is maturing so that the capability now exists to conduct practice-specific research that can inform best practices. Before translation from the hospital environment is implemented, evidence must be evaluated by people with expertise in three domains: critical appraisal, EM, and EMS. Scientific evidence should be assessed for: quality and bias; directness, generalizability, and validity to the EMS population; effect size and anticipated benefit from prehospital application; feasibility (including economic evaluation, human resource availability in the mobile environment); and patient and provider safety.

  18. Fully anisotropic 3-D EM modelling on a Lebedev grid with a multigrid pre-conditioner

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Jaysaval, Piyoosh; Shantsev, Daniil V.; de la Kethulle de Ryhove, Sébastien; Bratteland, Tarjei

    2016-12-01

    We present a numerical algorithm for 3-D electromagnetic (EM) simulations in conducting media with general electric anisotropy. The algorithm is based on the finite-difference discretization of frequency-domain Maxwell's equations on a Lebedev grid, in which all components of the electric field are collocated but half a spatial step staggered with respect to the magnetic field components, which also are collocated. This leads to a system of linear equations that is solved using a stabilized biconjugate gradient method with a multigrid preconditioner. We validate the accuracy of the numerical results for layered and 3-D tilted transverse isotropic (TTI) earth models representing typical scenarios used in the marine controlled-source EM method. It is then demonstrated that not taking into account the full anisotropy of the conductivity tensor can lead to misleading inversion results. For synthetic data corresponding to a 3-D model with a TTI anticlinal structure, a standard vertical transverse isotropic (VTI) inversion is not able to image a resistor, while for a 3-D model with a TTI synclinal structure it produces a false resistive anomaly. However, if the VTI forward solver used in the inversion is replaced by the proposed TTI solver with perfect knowledge of the strike and dip of the dipping structures, the resulting resistivity images become consistent with the true models.

  19. Like cures like: a neuroimmunological model based on electromagnetic resonance.

    PubMed

    Shahabi, Shahram; Kasariyans, Aditya; Noorbakhsh, Farshid

    2013-12-01

    Recent investigations have pointed to the production of characteristic electromagnetic (EM) waves in highly diluted sterile filtrates of different microorganisms and their associated DNA molecules. Analysis of these diluted solutions that are prepared using methods almost identical to the way that homeopathic medicines are prepared has pointed to the existence of nanostructures capable of emitting EM waves. Combining these results with findings that point to the interaction of EM waves with sensory nerves with subsequent activation of homeostatic efferent pathways, we propose a model to describe mechanisms underlying the effects of homeopathic remedies. THE MODEL: Living cells and tissues are capable of generating EM waves in their physiological conditions. When a cell deviates from its physiological state, in addition to normal EM emissions, it starts to produce EM waves with altered characteristics. According to our model, the main cause of the therapeutic effects of homeopathic remedies is the occurrence of resonance between the non-physiological EM waves of the patient and extremely low-frequency EM waves produced by nanostructures present in the homeopathic remedy. Resonance occurs if the frequency and amplitude characteristics of the patient's non-physiological EM waves and those produced by nanostructures of the applied homeopathic remedy are similar. Once resonance occurs, stimulation of the patient's sensory neurons, which are sensitized due to inflammation of any origin, leads to triggering of different regulatory mechanisms, including the activation of descending antinociceptive and/or cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathways, which leads to the restoration of homeostasis.

  20. J. Robert Schrieffer and the BCS Theory of Superconductivity

    Science.gov Websites

    and a chief scientist at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory before his retirement in 2006 Theoretical Studies of Magnetic Systems. Final Report, August 1, 1994 - November 30, 1997, DOE Technical

  1. Storm Prediction Center - Mesoscale Analysis Pages

    Science.gov Websites

    Archive NOAA Weather Radio Research Non-op. Products Forecast Tools Svr. Tstm. Events SPC Publications SPC experimental ESRL RAPv2-based Mesoanalysis fields is no longer available. Summary of changes in March 2012: The

  2. Defense.gov Special Report: Parade Honors Robert M. Gates

    Science.gov Websites

    Medal of Freedom WASHINGTON - At his Armed Forces Farewell Tribute on the Pentagon's parade field Pentagon farewell ceremony at which Gates was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom. Story Mullen Lauds

  3. DefenseLink.mil - Special Report: Travels with Gates

    Science.gov Websites

    , leaving the field to Boeing, but said the process was balanced. Story >> Gates Shares Insights From served eight presidents, and he shared some of his insights into that experience with U.S. servicemembers

  4. NREL Workshop Convenes Industry Experts on Cybersecurity and an Evolving

    Science.gov Websites

    silos in a field that demands greater collaboration, and the benefits of systemic security architecture groups to identify possible solutions to the challenges in securing DERs-from a technology, business, and

  5. Register to Download the Future Automotive Systems Technology Simulator |

    Science.gov Websites

    . * Indicates required field If you see this don't fill out this input box. Email address * Organization name , please specify I would like to receive periodic email updates about FASTSim. Yes Submit

  6. Register to Download the Automotive Deployment Options Projection Tool |

    Science.gov Websites

    . * Indicates required field If you see this don't fill out this input box. Email address * Organization name , please specify I would like to receive periodic email updates about ADOPT. Yes Submit

  7. More Than 200 Attend NREL/SNL/BNL Photovoltaic Reliability Workshops | News

    Science.gov Websites

    solar cells on the market today and by the lack of understanding of the causes of the changes. A document how modules respond to extended application of common stress tests. Observed changes in the see if these changes are also observed in the field. Presentations from the workshops are posted

  8. NOAA Office of Exploration and Research > About OER > Organization

    Science.gov Websites

    the break of the continental shelf between Virginia and New England. May 2011: OER EX Program hosts an Atlantic Basin Workshop to identify exploration targets for the 2012 EX field season. May 2011: OER -U.S. exploration and NOAA Ship Okeanos Explorer's (EX) maiden voyage. Jul 2009: Renewed Joint Project

  9. Intern Programs | Contacts

    Science.gov Websites

    Phone CCI Jonathan Lewis Manager jdl@fnal.gov 1-630-840-3779 GEM Sandra Charles Manager scharles gdzurics@fnal.gov 1-630-687-2929 SIST Sandra Charles Manager sist@fnal.gov 1-630-840-4574 Laura Fields Committee Chair sist@fnal.gov 1-630-840-8491 TARGET Sandra Charles Manager scharles@fnal.gov 1-630-840-4574

  10. NREL and Fraunhofer ISE to Collaborate on Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research |

    Science.gov Websites

    (R&D) activities to accelerate progress in these fields. NREL's long-term research and accelerate progress toward shared R&D goals and to ensure sustainable use of hydrogen and fuel cell Fraunhofer ISE in the following areas: Electrolysis, including cell, stack, and system R&D and

  11. Search Science Adventures at Fermilab

    Science.gov Websites

    fossils from the Field Museum. Create your own prehistoric landscape. Learn about the new finds in Information Form and bring it to class the first day. Fee: $225/person Session 1: June 25-29, 2018, 9:00 AM a Participant Information Form and bring it to class the first day. Fee: $225/person Session 1: June

  12. Search Science Adventures at Fermilab

    Science.gov Websites

    and learn with real fossils from the Field Museum. Create your own prehistoric landscape. Learn about a Participant Information Form and bring it to class the first day. Fee: $225/person Session 1: June . You must also fill out a Participant Information Form and bring it to class the first day. Fee: $225

  13. NAM - Eta to NMM conversion 20060613

    Science.gov Websites

    North American Mesoscale (NAM) time slot. Currently the the Eta forecast model is used for the NAM, but Eta and its output will be available at the same time. There will be some minor addition of products MB per file (time step). - The following fields will be added: - omega @ 10, 20, & 30 mb - height

  14. Energy Systems Integration News | Energy Systems Integration Facility |

    Science.gov Websites

    photovoltaic (PV) energy for its power. PV inverter hardware-in the loop testing was conducted at NREL's Energy -scale power-hardware-in-the-loop testing at the ESIF, which allows researchers and manufacturers to test field. In addition, the CGI provides hardware-in-the-loop capability combined with NWTC dynamometers

  15. About Us: Smithsonian Marine Station (SMS) at Fort Pierce

    Science.gov Websites

    Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce Website Search Box Search Field: SMS Website Search [PDF] SMS Home › About Us About Us Mission Statement The overall mission of the Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce is support and conduct of scholarly research in the marine sciences, including

  16. Defense.gov - Special Report - Travels With Gates

    Science.gov Websites

    . Defense Secretary Robert M. Gates re-enlists soldiers deployed on Field Operating Base Airborne in the province of Kandahar. Story» Gates Develops 'To Do' List From Two-Day Afghan Visit FORWARD OPERATING BASE momentum. Story» Gates Assures 10th Mountain Soldiers of Continued Support FORWARD OPERATING BASE AIRBORNE

  17. Concentrating Solar Power Projects - Majadas I | Concentrating Solar Power

    Science.gov Websites

    : March 20, 2017 Project Overview Project Name: Majadas I Country: Spain Location: Majadas de Tiétar (Cà comments? Background Technology: Parabolic trough Status: Operational Country: Spain City: Majadas de Tià : Biphenyl/Diphenyl oxide Solar-Field Outlet Temp: 393°C Power Block Turbine Capacity (Gross): 50.0 MW

  18. Spinal Endomorphin 2 Antinociception and the Mechanisms That Produce It Are Both Sex- and Stage of Estrus Cycle–Dependent in Rats

    PubMed Central

    Liu, Nai-Jiang; Gintzler, Alan R.

    2014-01-01

    Endomorphin 2 (EM2) is the predominant endogenous mu-opioid receptor (MOR) ligand in the spinal cord. Given its endogenous presence, antinociceptive responsiveness to the intrathecal application of EM2 most likely reflects its ability to modulate nociception when released in situ. In order to explore the physiological pliability of sex-dependent differences in spinal MOR-mediated antinociception, we investigated the antinociception produced by intrathecal EM2 in male, proestrus female, and diestrus female rats. Antinociception was reflected by changes in tail flick latency to radiant heat. In females, the spinal EM2 antinociceptive system oscillated between analgesically active and inactive states. During diestrus, when circulating estrogens are low, spinal EM2 antinociceptive responsiveness was minimal. In contrast, during proestrus, when circulating estrogens are high, spinal EM2 antinociception was robust and comparable in magnitude to that manifest by males. Furthermore, in proestrus females, spinal EM2 antinociception required spinal dynorphin and kappaopioid receptor activation, concomitant with MOR activation. This is required for neither spinal EM2 antinociception in males nor the antinociception elicited in proestrus females by spinal sufentanil or [d-Ala2,N-methyl-Phe4,Gly-ol5]-enkephalin, which are prototypic MOR-selective nonpeptide and peptide agonists, respectively. These results reveal that spinal EM2 antinociception and the signaling mechanisms used to produce it fundamentally differ in males and females. Perspective The inability to mount spinal EM2 antinociception during defined stages of the estrus (and presumably menstrual) cycle and impaired transition from spinal EM2 analgesically nonresponsive to responsive physiological states could be causally associated with the well-documented greater severity and frequency of chronic intractable pain syndromes in women vs men. PMID:24084000

  19. A Dual Mode Pulsed Electro-Magnetic Cell Stimulator Produces Acceleration of Myogenic Differentiation

    PubMed Central

    Leon-Salas, Walter D.; Rizk, Hatem; Mo, Chenglin; Weisleder, Noah; Brotto, Leticia; Abreu, Eduardo; Brotto, Marco

    2013-01-01

    This paper presents the design and test of a dual-mode electric and magnetic biological stimulator (EM-Stim). The stimulator generates pulsing electric and magnetic fields at programmable rates and intensities. While electric and magnetic stimulators have been reported before, this is the first device that combines both modalities. The ability of the dual stimulation to target bone and muscle tissue simultaneously has the potential to improve the therapeutic treatment of osteoporosis and sarcopenia. The device is fully programmable, portable and easy to use, and can run from a battery or a power supply. The device can generate magnetic fields of up to 1.6 mT and output voltages of +/−40 V. The EM-Stim accelerated myogenic differentiation of myoblasts into myotubes as evidenced by morphometric, gene expression, and protein content analyses. Currently, there are many patents concerned with the application of single electrical or magnetic stimulation, but none that combine both simultaneously. However, we applied for and obtained a provisional patent for new device to fully explore its therapeutic potential in pre-clinical models. PMID:23445453

  20. A dual mode pulsed electro-magnetic cell stimulator produces acceleration of myogenic differentiation.

    PubMed

    Leon-Salas, Walter D; Rizk, Hatem; Mo, Chenglin; Weisleder, Noah; Brotto, Leticia; Abreu, Eduardo; Brotto, Marco

    2013-04-01

    This paper presents the design and test of a dual-mode electric and magnetic biological stimulator (EM-Stim). The stimulator generates pulsing electric and magnetic fields at programmable rates and intensities. While electric and magnetic stimulators have been reported before, this is the first device that combines both modalities. The ability of the dual stimulation to target bone and muscle tissue simultaneously has the potential to improve the therapeutic treatment of osteoporosis and sarcopenia. The device is fully programmable, portable and easy to use, and can run from a battery or a power supply. The device can generate magnetic fields of up to 1.6 mT and output voltages of +/- 40 V. The EM-Stim accelerated myogenic differentiation of myoblasts into myotubes as evidenced by morphometric, gene expression, and protein content analyses. Currently, there are many patents concerned with the application of single electrical or magnetic stimulation, but none that combine both simultaneously. However, we applied for and obtained a provisional patent for new device to fully explore its therapeutic potential in pre-clinical models.

  1. `Earth-ionosphere' mode controlled source electromagnetic method

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Li, Diquan; Di, Qingyun; Wang, Miaoyue; Nobes, David

    2015-09-01

    In traditional artificial-source electromagnetic exploration, the effects of the ionosphere and displacement current (DC) in the air were neglected, and only the geoelectrical structure of the earth's crust and upper mantle was considered, such as for controlled source audio-frequency magnetotelluric (CSAMT). By employing a transmitter (less than 30 kW) to generate source fields, the CSAMT method overcomes the problems associated with weak natural electromagnetic (EM) fields used in magnetotellurics. However, the transmitter is moved and the source-receiver offset is approximately less than 20 km, because of the limitation of emission energy. We put forward a new idea, that is, a fixed artificial source (greater than 200 kW) is used and the source location selected at a high resistivity region (to ensure a high emission efficiency), so there may be a possibility that as long as the source strength magnitude is strong enough, the artificial EM signal can be easily observed within a distance of several thousand kilometres. Previous studies have provided the evidence to support this idea; they used the `earth-ionosphere' mode in modeling the EM fields with the offset up to a thousand kilometres. Such EM fields still have a signal/noise ratio over 10-20 dB; this means that a new EM method with fixed source is feasible. However, in their calculations, the DC which plays a very important role for large offsets was neglected. This paper pays much attention to derive the formulae of the `earth-ionosphere' mode with a horizontal electric dipole source, and the DC is not neglected. We present some three layers modeling results to illustrate the basic EM field characteristics under the `earth-ionosphere' mode. As the offset increases, the contribution of the conduction current decreases, DC and ionosphere were taken into account, and the EM field attenuation decreases. We also quantitatively compare the predicted and observed data. The comparison of these results with the data reveal the excellent agreement between the experimental and theoretical results. The DC and ionosphere affects the EM fields, however impedances (ratio of E to H) are unaffected, and this means we need to include ionosphere and DC effects to accurately model the EM field amplitudes for optimal setting of measurement parameters, but we do not need to include these complications for the interpretation of the data for the Earth conductivity.

  2. Scanning Probe Microscopy | Materials Science | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    . Capability of use with ultra-high vacuum makes NREL Scanning Probe Microscopy particularly valuable for vacuum, as appropriate Field of view from atoms up to about 100 µm (vertical limit of about 7 µm

  3. Geologic Materials Center - General Information | Alaska Division of

    Science.gov Websites

    effective November 9, 2017. Set by DGGS Director's Order, the fees will help offset operational costs and -effective alternative to the tremendous expense of core drilling and resampling in the field. One foot of

  4. Leon M. Lederman Science Education Center: General Information

    Science.gov Websites

    field trips. Location: Located at Fermilab about 35 miles west of Chicago, the Center is easily accessible from the Fermilab main entrance at Kirk Road and Pine Street in Batavia, just three miles north of

  5. Application of Dynamic Logic Algorithm to Inverse Scattering Problems Related to Plasma Diagnostics

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Perlovsky, L.; Deming, R. W.; Sotnikov, V.

    2010-11-01

    In plasma diagnostics scattering of electromagnetic waves is widely used for identification of density and wave field perturbations. In the present work we use a powerful mathematical approach, dynamic logic (DL), to identify the spectra of scattered electromagnetic (EM) waves produced by the interaction of the incident EM wave with a Langmuir soliton in the presence of noise. The problem is especially difficult since the spectral amplitudes of the noise pattern are comparable with the amplitudes of the scattered waves. In the past DL has been applied to a number of complex problems in artificial intelligence, pattern recognition, and signal processing, resulting in revolutionary improvements. Here we demonstrate its application to plasma diagnostic problems. [4pt] Perlovsky, L.I., 2001. Neural Networks and Intellect: using model-based concepts. Oxford University Press, New York, NY.

  6. A portable FTS measurements during GOSAT and OCO-2 joint campaign in Western US 2017

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Shiomi, K.; Kikuchi, N.; Kuze, A.; Hashimoto, M.; Suto, H.; Kataoka, F.; Kasai, K.; Arai, T.; Oshio, H.; Ohyama, H.; Morino, I.; Hori, A.; Hedelius, J.; Parker, H. A.; Roehl, C. M.; Wennberg, P. O.; Leifer, I.; Iraci, L. T.; Bruegge, C. J.; Schwandner, F. M.; Osterman, G. B.; Crisp, D.

    2017-12-01

    The column-average dry air mole fractions of carbon dioxide (XCO2), methane (XCH4) and carbon monoxide (XCO) were measured from the surface using direct sunlight at near-IR wavelengths. Simultaneous detection of CO is helpful to characterize CO2 source type. We measured XCO along with XCO2 and XCH4 using an upgraded portable Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS), EM27/SUN, in western US field experiments at 1) Caltech and JPL, in Pasadena, a northern Los Angeles suburb, 2) Railroad Valley (RRV), a desert playa in Nevada, and 3) Salton Sea, a terminal high-salinity lake in southern California's Imperial Valley. These measurements were conducted during the GOSAT/OCO-2 joint campaign in the early summer of 2017. Before and after US shipments, the JAXA EM27 was compared with the NIES EM27 and Tsukuba TCCON station to quantify the measurement bias and to identify any unanticipated changes. After US shipment, the JAXA EM27 was compared with the Caltech EM27 and the Caltech TCCON station with the NASA-Dryden TCCON station, which is now located at JPL for OCO-3 pre-flight test comparisons. At RRV, we obtained not only the EM27 data but also atmospheric profile of pressure, temperature and humidity by radiosonde and aerosol optical thickness (AOT) by Microtops. Then, we deployed the EM27 on the south side of the Salton Sea, where agriculture, active volcanism and geothermal power plants might produce CO2 and CH4 as sources. A large CO enhancement originating from wildfires was serendipitously measured in conjunction with a large AOT measured by the Microtops. The JAXA EM27 measurements at Pasadena, RRV and Salton Sea were taken in conjunction with GOSAT and OCO-2 overpass targets and are being used to assess the value of the EM27 as a portable transfer standard for validating space based measurements of greenhouse gases.

  7. From the Start: NREL Nurtures a Growing Wind Industry - Continuum

    Science.gov Websites

    failures common in the field, the wind industry developed a standard practice for all wind turbine blades priorities was to build a mechanical testing facility for wind turbine blades. Blade testing began in 1989 blades to the breaking point in the past quarter century. Watch the video to learn more about the

  8. Field Research Validation Sites | Wind | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    , independent pitch control of the Controls Advanced Research Turbine (CART) blades Variable-speed or constant CART2 600-kW Turbine Model: Westinghouse Blades: 2 Hub height: 36.6 m Rotor diameter: 42.6 m Extensively instrumented CART3 600-kW Turbine Model: Westinghouse Blades: 3 Hub height: 36.6 m Rotor diameter: 42.6 m

  9. ACHP | Working Together to Build a More Inclusive Preservation Program

    Science.gov Websites

    buildings are a lot of work!) but we have so much history and character to offer our students within our allows us to pass such an identity, a history on to others -- not only future generations, but those new to the field of preservation. People are so intrinsically interested in history and in how the

  10. STIP Community Listing | OSTI, US Dept of Energy Office of Scientific and

    Science.gov Websites

    @nrel.gov Naval Nuclear Laboratory (Knolls & Bettis) Paul de Kanel Bechtel Marine Propulsion Corporation Document Manager (510) 486-7909 kim.abbott@bso.science.doe.gov Carlsbad Field Office Lea Chism N/A (575 Contracting Officer (865) 241-7334 Kay.Brown@Science.doe.gov Pacific Northwest Site Office Don Moody N/A (509

  11. Meet Lance Wheeler | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    compete, and I know it's a sport I can compete in until I'm old. You can play at a high level of curling until you're 50. I intend to do that." It doesn't hurt that the sport involves intense calculations research field, Lance knows he "followed what seemed like the most exciting and promising thing to be

  12. Field Emission Auger Electron Spectroscopy with Scanning Auger Microscopy |

    Science.gov Websites

    0.5 at.% for elements from lithium to uranium. Depth Profiling Removes successive layers by using size (> ~25 nm). Imaging Obtains SEM micrographs with up to 20,000x magnification by using raster scanning with a highly focused electron beam ≥25 nm in diameter. Using the same raster scan, SAM can

  13. Workplace Alaska, Division of Personnel and Labor Relations, Department of

    Science.gov Websites

    for All Job Seekers Search for Jobs Open to All Job Seekers This is the main area to search for jobs with the State of Alaska. These jobs are mostly open to Alaska Residents only. In some extenuating ;Position Open To" field to see if a job is for "Alaska Residents Only" or "All

  14. Defense.gov Special Report: World War II: Turning Points

    Science.gov Websites

    Department of Defense Submit Search Turning points of World War II U.S. Marines rest in the field on landed several miles from his intended drop zone. Cook, 87, was among the handful of World War II -Day U.S. and Allied military veterans of World War II and contemporay warriors attended commemoration

  15. SU-F-J-152: Accuracy of Charge Particle Transport in Magnetic Fields Using EGSnrc

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Mainegra-Hing, E; Bouchard, H; Tessier, F

    Purpose: Determine accuracy of the current implementation of electron transport under magnetic fields in EGSnrc by means of single scattering (SS) and Fano convergence tests, and establish quantitatively the electron step size restriction required to achieve a desired level of accuracy for ionization chamber dosimetry. Methods: Condensed history (CH) dose calculations are compared to SS results for a PTW30013 ionization chamber irradiated in air by a 60Co photon beam. CH dose results for this chamber irradiated in a water phantom by a source of mono-energetic electrons are compared to the prediction of Fano’s theorem for step size restrictions EM ESTEPEmore » from 0.01 to 0.1 and strengths of 0.5 T, 1.0 T, and 1.5 T. Results: CH calculations in air for 60Co photons using an EM ESTEPE of 0.25 overestimate SS values by 6% for a 1.5 T field and by 1.5% for a 0.5 T field. Agreement improves with decreasing EM ESTEPE reducing this difference at 0.02 to 0.13% and 0.04% for 1.5 T and 0.5 T respectively. CH results converge with decreasing EM ESTEPE reaching an agreement of 0.2% at a value of EM ESTEPE of 0.01 for 100 keV electrons. SS results at 100 keV for 1.5 T show the same EM ESTEPE dependency as the CH results. Conclusion: Accurate transport of charged particles in magnetic fields is only possible if the step size is significantly restricted. An EM ESTEPE value of 0.02 is required to reproduce SS results at the 0.1% level for a calculation in air. The EM ESTEPE dependency of the SS results suggests SS is bypassed when simulating the transport of charged particles in magnetic fields. Fano test results for in water calculation suggest that only a 0.2% accuracy can be achieved with the current implementation.« less

  16. Publications - GMC 210 | Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical

    Science.gov Websites

    Arctic Margins 29 August - 1 September 1992 field trip about geology of the Brooks Range along the Dalton Test Well #1 core samples (6,992.5-7,394.0'), and International Conference on Arctic Margins 29 August

  17. Metrology Institute of the Republic of Slovenia

    Science.gov Websites

    participated in this process, which has enabled us to identify goals and key field of action. The strategy is the basis for further actions and action plans that are to be... More 19. 12. 2017 Congratulations to

  18. Publications - PIR 2008-1E | Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical

    Science.gov Websites

    River--Evidence for a thermogenic origin Authors: Decker, P.L., and Wartes, M.A. Publication Date: Mar thermogenic origin, in Wartes, M.A., and Decker, P.L., eds., Preliminary results of recent geologic field

  19. Electromagnetic chirp of a compact binary black hole: A phase template for the gravitational wave inspiral

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Haiman, Zoltán

    2017-07-01

    The gravitational waves (GWs) from a binary black hole (BBH) with masses 104≲M ≲107 M⊙ can be detected with the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) once their orbital frequency exceeds 10-4- 10-5 Hz . The binary separation at this stage is a =O (100 )Rg (gravitational radius), and the orbital speed is v /c =O (0.1 ). We argue that at this stage, the binary will be producing bright electromagnetic (EM) radiation via gas bound to the individual BHs. Both BHs will have their own photospheres in x-ray and possibly also in optical bands. Relativistic Doppler modulations and lensing effects will inevitably imprint periodic variability in the EM light curve, tracking the phase of the orbital motion, and serving as a template for the GW inspiral waveform. Advanced localization of the source by LISA weeks to months prior to merger will enable a measurement of this EM chirp by wide-field x-ray or optical instruments. A comparison of the phases of the GW and EM chirp signals will help break degeneracies between system parameters, and probe a fractional difference Δ v in the propagation speed of photons and gravitons as low as Δ v /c ≈10-17.

  20. What do EMS personnel think about domestic violence? An exploration of attitudes and experiences after participation in training.

    PubMed

    Donnelly, Elizabeth A; Oehme, Karen; Melvin, Rebecca

    2016-02-01

    In 2012, the American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP) reaffirmed that domestic violence is a serious public health hazard that emergency medical services (EMS) personnel will encounter. Many victims of domestic violence may refuse transport to the hospital, making EMS prehospital field personnel --EMTs and paramedics-- their only contact with healthcare providers. Despite these facts, the interaction of field EMS personnel and victims of domestic violence remains largely unexamined. Given the importance of the interaction of field EMS personnel have with victims of domestic violence, the goal of this study is to explore attitudes about and experiences of EMS personnel on the issue of domestic violence after completing a training on domestic violence. Participants were recruited by researchers contacting multiple EMS agencies. Data were gathered using a survey attached to an online domestic violence training for field EMS personnel (EMTs and paramedics) circulated in a large southern state. Participants were able to obtain continuing education credits for completing the online modules. A total of 403 respondents completed the survey. 71% of respondents indicated that they frequently encounter patients who disclose domestic violence; 45% believe that if a victim does not disclose abuse, there is little they can do to help; and from 32% to 43% reported assumptions and attitudes that indicate beliefs that victims are responsible for the abuse. Implications of the data are discussed suggesting that EMS providers are aware that they frequently assist victims of domestic violence, yet many continue to endorse common myths and negative attitudes about victims. Core components of training that can educate EMS personnel about the dynamics of domestic violence are described, and a new free online training for medical professionals on domestic violence is offered for use as part of ongoing education to enhance the EMS response to victims. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd and Faculty of Forensic and Legal Medicine. All rights reserved.

  1. Mathematical Model for Collision-Coalescence Among Inclusions in the Bloom Continuous Caster with M-EMS

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lei, Hong; Jiang, Jimin; Yang, Bin; Zhao, Yan; Zhang, Hongwei; Wang, Weixian; Dong, Guiwen

    2018-04-01

    Mathematical simulation is an effective tool to analyze the fluid flow and the inclusion behavior in the bloom continuous caster with mold electromagnetic stirring (M-EMS). The mathematical model is applied to the modeling of magnetic field, flow field, and inclusion field. Due to the introduction of Archimedes force, the collision mechanism and inclusion's slipping velocity should be modified in the inclusion mass and population conservation model. Numerically predicted magnetic field, flow field, and the inclusion spatial distribution conform to the experimental results in the existing literature. Lorentz force plays an important role in the fluid flow, and Archimedes force plays an important role in the inclusion distribution in the continuous caster. Due to Brownian collision, Stokes collision, Archimedes collision, and turbulent collision, the coalescence among inclusions occurs in the bloom continuous caster with M-EMS. Among the four types of collisions, turbulent collision occurs most frequently, followed by Archimedes collision and Stokes collision. The frequency of Brownian collision is several orders of magnitudes smaller and is therefore negligible. The inclusion volume concentration, number density, and characteristic radius exhibit a U-shape in the continuous caster without M-EMS. However, with M-EMS, they exhibit an inverted U-shape.

  2. Feedback Form for the ADS Abstract Service

    Science.gov Websites

    ADS Feedback Form for the ADS Abstract Service Please use this form to report bugs or send comments to the ADS Abstract Project. Thank you for your feedback. ❉ Required field Your Name: ❉ Your E

  3. Concentrating Solar Power Projects - Lebrija 1 | Concentrating Solar Power

    Science.gov Websites

    Turbine Capacity: Net: 50.0 MW Gross: 50.0 MW Status: Operational Start Year: 2011 Do you have more : Solel Heat-Transfer Fluid Type: Therminol VP1 Solar-Field Outlet Temp: 395°C Power Block Turbine Capacity (Gross): 50.0 MW Turbine Capacity (Net): 50.0 MW Power Cycle Pressure: 100.0 bar Cooling Method

  4. ISPI | CTIO

    Science.gov Websites

    Visitor's Computer Guidelines Network Connection Request Instruments Instruments by Telescope IR Instruments ‹› You are here CTIO Home » Astronomers » Instruments » IR Instruments » ISPI ISPI The CTIO matched to f/8 IR image quality of ~0.6 arcsec 10.25 x 10.25 arcmin field of view, broad band J,H and Ks

  5. Effect of graphitic carbon nanomodifiers on the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of linear low density polyethylene nanocomposites

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Villacorta Hernandez, Byron S.

    Conductive polymer composites have become alternative materials for providing electromagnetic and electrostatic shielding where metals are not suitable. In this study, the effect of crystallinity, morphology, concentration and orientation of carbon nanomodifiers on shielding provided by their polyethylene-based composites has been investigated relative to their transport properties. First, the electrical properties and EM SE of composites consisting of heat-treated carbon nanofibers (PyrografRTM-III PR-19 CNF) in a linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) matrix were assessed. Heat treatment (HT) of CNF at 2500°C significantly improved their graphitic crystallinity and intrinsic transport properties, thereby increasing the EM SE of the nanocomposites. Although the strain-to-failure was about one-third that of pure LLDPE, the absolute value of 180+/-98% indicates a significant retention of ductility. Second, the influence of the morphology of carbon modifiers on the electrical, thermal and mechanical properties of their composites was investigated. Four heat-treated carbon modifiers were investigated: PR-19 HT carbon nanofibers, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT HT), helical multi-walled carbon nanotubes (HCNT HT), and pitch-based P-55 carbon fibers (CF). MWHT HT, with the highest aspect ratio, led to the largest composite electrical and thermal conductivities (34 S/m, 1 W/m.K) and EM SE (~24 dB). In contrast, HCNT HT, due to their coiled shape and low aspect ratio, led to a non-percolating microstructure in the composites, which produced poor EM SE (<1 dB). Nonetheless, HCNT HT composites displayed the highest ductility (~250%) and flexibility, which is probably owed to the matrix-modifier mechanical bonding (interlocking) provided by the helical morphology. Using the carbon modifiers that previously led to the best EM SE (i.e., PR-19 HT and MWNT HT), the influence of composite electrical properties on the plane-wave EM SE in the VHF-UHF bands was studied further. Both graphitic nanomodifiers were dispersed in LLDPE matrix to produce a nominally random in-plane modifier orientation. For a concentration of 10 vol% nanomodifiers, EM SE values of 22 dB and 24 dB were obtained for PR-19 HT and MWNT HT nanocomposites (2.5-mm thick), respectively. At a high concentration of 40 vol%, EM SE values as high as 68 dB and 55 dB were respectively attained. Because such nanocomposites possess only moderate electrical conductivity, a model for generally-lossy materials was used to predict the plane-wave EM SE and its components. Based on the material properties of the nanocomposites, the predicted values of EM SE were found to be consistent with the experimental values. Finally, the electrical conductivity and EM SE of nanocomposites that contained 10 vol% of oriented graphitic nanomodifiers (PR-19 HT and MWNT HT) in LLDPE are reported. Micro-filament spinning was used to generate flow-induced orientation of the carbon nanomodifiers. Consequently, the conductivity of the resulting nanocomposites exhibited anisotropy. Thus, the in-plane conductivity in the longitudinal direction (PR-19 HT comp.: ~0.02 S/m; MWNT HT comp.: ~3 S/m) was at least an order of magnitude higher than that along the transverse direction. As measured with a rectangular waveguide (WR510, 1.45-2.2 GHz), the PR-19 HT and MWNT HT oriented nanocomposites (1-mm thick) displayed EM SE values of 0.7+/-0.4 dB and 3.0+/-0.8 dB, respectively, when the nanomodifiers were transversely oriented with the polarized electric field. In contrast, when the orientation of the nanomodifiers was parallel with the field, values of 3.2+/-1.0 dB and 9.0+/-1.0 dB were obtained, respectively. Therefore, as a result of this anisotropy, as analyzed by polarized electromagnetic waves, the composites displayed anisotropic shielding. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

  6. Study of spectroscopic properties of nanosized particles of core-shell morphology

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bzhalava, T. N.; Kervalishvili, P. J.

    2018-03-01

    Method of studying spectroscopic properties of nanosized particles and estimation of resonance wavelength range for determination of specific and unique “spectral” signatures in purpose of sensing, identification of nanobioparticles, viruses is proposed. Elaboration of relevant models of viruses, estimation of spectral response on interaction of electromagnetic (EM) field and viral nanoparticle is the goal of proposed methodology. Core-shell physical model is used as the first approximation of shape-structure of virion. Theoretical solution of EM wave scattering on single spherical virus-like particle (VLP) is applied for determination of EM fields in the areas of core, shell and surrounding medium of (VLP), as well as scattering and absorption characteristics. Numerical results obtained by computer simulation for estimation of EM “spectra” of bacteriophage T7 demonstrate the strong dependence of spectroscopic characteristics on core-shell related electric and geometric parameters of VLP in resonance wavelengths range. Expected spectral response is observable on far-field characterizations. Obtained analytical EM field expressions, modelling technique in complement with experimental spectroscopic methods should be the way of providing the virus spectral signatures, important in bioparticles characterization.

  7. GSM base station electromagnetic radiation and oxidative stress in rats.

    PubMed

    Yurekli, Ali Ihsan; Ozkan, Mehmed; Kalkan, Tunaya; Saybasili, Hale; Tuncel, Handan; Atukeren, Pinar; Gumustas, Koray; Seker, Selim

    2006-01-01

    The ever increasing use of cellular phones and the increasing number of associated base stations are becoming a widespread source of nonionizing electromagnetic radiation. Some biological effects are likely to occur even at low-level EM fields. In this study, a gigahertz transverse electromagnetic (GTEM) cell was used as an exposure environment for plane wave conditions of far-field free space EM field propagation at the GSM base transceiver station (BTS) frequency of 945 MHz, and effects on oxidative stress in rats were investigated. When EM fields at a power density of 3.67 W/m2 (specific absorption rate = 11.3 mW/kg), which is well below current exposure limits, were applied, MDA (malondialdehyde) level was found to increase and GSH (reduced glutathione) concentration was found to decrease significantly (p < 0.0001). Additionally, there was a less significant (p = 0.0190) increase in SOD (superoxide dismutase) activity under EM exposure.

  8. Defense.gov Special Report: 70th Anniversary of World War II: the Attack on

    Science.gov Websites

    ." Story Children of Pearl Harbor Attacks Tour Former Home on Hickam JOINT BASE PEARL HARBOR-HICKAM , Hawaii, Dec. 7, 2011 - As children of an Airman stationed at Hickam Field, Hawaii, Larry Bush and Deloris

  9. NCEP Global Aerosols Forecast. NOAA/NWS/NCEP/EMC

    Science.gov Websites

    Documentations Select Domain Global Regional Year: 2016 2017 2018 Month: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct 31 Select Field: Total AOD Total AOD Dust AOD Sea salt AOD Black carbon AOD POM AOD Sulfate AOD Get

  10. Method for analyzing the mass of a sample using a cold cathode ionization source mass filter

    DOEpatents

    Felter, Thomas E.

    2003-10-14

    An improved quadrupole mass spectrometer is described. The improvement lies in the substitution of the conventional hot filament electron source with a cold cathode field emitter array which in turn allows operating a small QMS at much high internal pressures then are currently achievable. By eliminating of the hot filament such problems as thermally "cracking" delicate analyte molecules, outgassing a "hot" filament, high power requirements, filament contamination by outgas species, and spurious em fields are avoid all together. In addition, the ability of produce FEAs using well-known and well developed photolithographic techniques, permits building a QMS having multiple redundancies of the ionization source at very low additional cost.

  11. Validation of a motor activity system by a robotically controlled vehicle and using standard reference compounds.

    PubMed

    Patterson, John P; Markgraf, Carrie G; Cirino, Maria; Bass, Alan S

    2005-01-01

    A series of experiments were undertaken to evaluate the accuracy, precision, specificity, and sensitivity of an automated, infrared photo beam-based open field motor activity system, the MotorMonitor v. 4.01, Hamilton-Kinder, LLC, for use in a good laboratory practices (GLP) Safety Pharmacology laboratory. This evaluation consisted of two phases: (1) system validation, employing known inputs using the EM-100 Controller Photo Beam Validation System, a robotically controlled vehicle representing a rodent and (2) biologic validation, employing groups of rats treated with the standard pharmacologic agents diazepam or D-amphetamine. The MotorMonitor's parameters that described the open-field activity of a subject were: basic movements, total distance, fine movements, x/y horizontal ambulations, rearing, and total rest time. These measurements were evaluated over a number of zones within each enclosure. System validation with the EM-100 Controller Photo Beam Validation System showed that all the parameters accurately and precisely measured what they were intended to measure, with the exception of fine movements and x/y ambulations. Biologic validation using the central nervous system depressant diazepam at 1, 2, or 5 mg/kg, i.p. produced the expected dose-dependent reduction in rat motor activity. In contrast, the central nervous system stimulant D-amphetamine produced the expected increases in rat motor activity at 0.1 and 1 mg/kg, i.p, demonstrating the specificity and sensitivity of the system. Taken together, these studies of the accuracy, precision, specificity, and sensitivity show the importance of both system and biologic validation in the evaluation of an automated open field motor activity system for use in a GLP compliant laboratory.

  12. Experimental Validation of Lightning-Induced Electromagnetic (Indirect) Coupling to Short Monopole Antennas

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Crull, E W; Brown Jr., C G; Perkins, M P

    2008-07-30

    For short monopoles in this low-power case, it has been shown that a simple circuit model is capable of accurate predictions for the shape and magnitude of the antenna response to lightning-generated electric field coupling effects, provided that the elements of the circuit model have accurate values. Numerical EM simulation can be used to provide more accurate values for the circuit elements than the simple analytical formulas, since the analytical formulas are used outside of their region of validity. However, even with the approximate analytical formulas the simple circuit model produces reasonable results, which would improve if more accurate analyticalmore » models were used. This report discusses the coupling analysis approaches taken to understand the interaction between a time-varying EM field and a short monopole antenna, within the context of lightning safety for nuclear weapons at DOE facilities. It describes the validation of a simple circuit model using laboratory study in order to understand the indirect coupling of energy into a part, and the resulting voltage. Results show that in this low-power case, the circuit model predicts peak voltages within approximately 32% using circuit component values obtained from analytical formulas and about 13% using circuit component values obtained from numerical EM simulation. We note that the analytical formulas are used outside of their region of validity. First, the antenna is insulated and not a bare wire and there are perhaps fringing field effects near the termination of the outer conductor that the formula does not take into account. Also, the effective height formula is for a monopole directly over a ground plane, while in the time-domain measurement setup the monopole is elevated above the ground plane by about 1.5-inch (refer to Figure 5).« less

  13. Comparison of an Atomic Model and Its Cryo-EM Image at the Central Axis of a Helix

    PubMed Central

    He, Jing; Zeil, Stephanie; Hallak, Hussam; McKaig, Kele; Kovacs, Julio; Wriggers, Willy

    2016-01-01

    Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is an important biophysical technique that produces three-dimensional (3D) density maps at different resolutions. Because more and more models are being produced from cryo-EM density maps, validation of the models is becoming important. We propose a method for measuring local agreement between a model and the density map using the central axis of the helix. This method was tested using 19 helices from cryo-EM density maps between 5.5 Å and 7.2 Å resolution and 94 helices from simulated density maps. This method distinguished most of the well-fitting helices, although challenges exist for shorter helices. PMID:27280059

  14. Finite element analysis of time-independent superconductivity. Ph.D. Thesis Final Report

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Schuler, James J.

    1993-01-01

    The development of electromagnetic (EM) finite elements based upon a generalized four-potential variational principle is presented. The use of the four-potential variational principle allows for downstream coupling of EM fields with the thermal, mechanical, and quantum effects exhibited by superconducting materials. The use of variational methods to model an EM system allows for a greater range of applications than just the superconducting problem. The four-potential variational principle can be used to solve a broader range of EM problems than any of the currently available formulations. It also reduces the number of independent variables from six to four while easily dealing with conductor/insulator interfaces. This methodology was applied to a range of EM field problems. Results from all these problems predict EM quantities exceptionally well and are consistent with the expected physical behavior.

  15. Deciphering the use and predictive value of "emergency medical services provider judgment" in out-of-hospital trauma triage: a multisite, mixed methods assessment.

    PubMed

    Newgard, Craig D; Kampp, Michael; Nelson, Maria; Holmes, James F; Zive, Dana; Rea, Thomas; Bulger, Eileen M; Liao, Michael; Sherck, John; Hsia, Renee Y; Wang, N Ewen; Fleischman, Ross J; Barton, Erik D; Daya, Mohamud; Heineman, John; Kuppermann, Nathan

    2012-05-01

    "Emergency medical services (EMS) provider judgment" was recently added as a field triage criterion to the national guidelines, yet its predictive value and real world application remain unclear. We examine the use and independent predictive value of EMS provider judgment in identifying seriously injured persons. We analyzed a population-based retrospective cohort, supplemented by qualitative analysis, of injured children and adults evaluated and transported by 47 EMS agencies to 94 hospitals in five regions across the Western United States from 2006 to 2008. We used logistic regression models to evaluate the independent predictive value of EMS provider judgment for Injury Severity Score ≥ 16. EMS narratives were analyzed using qualitative methods to assess and compare common themes for each step in the triage algorithm, plus EMS provider judgment. 213,869 injured patients were evaluated and transported by EMS over the 3-year period, of whom 41,191 (19.3%) met at least one of the field triage criteria. EMS provider judgment was the most commonly used triage criterion (40.0% of all triage-positive patients; sole criterion in 21.4%). After accounting for other triage criteria and confounders, the adjusted odds ratio of Injury Severity Score ≥ 16 for EMS provider judgment was 1.23 (95% confidence interval, 1.03-1.47), although there was variability in predictive value across sites. Patients meeting EMS provider judgment had concerning clinical presentations qualitatively similar to those meeting mechanistic and other special considerations criteria. Among this multisite cohort of trauma patients, EMS provider judgment was the most commonly used field trauma triage criterion, independently associated with serious injury, and useful in identifying high-risk patients missed by other criteria. However, there was variability in predictive value between sites.

  16. THz electromagnetic radiation driven by intense relativistic electron beam based on ion focus regime

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Zhou, Qing; Xu, Jin; Zhang, Wenchao

    The simulation study finds that the relativistic electron beam propagating through the plasma background can produce electromagnetic (EM) radiation. With the propagation of the electron beam, the oscillations of the beam electrons in transverse and longitudinal directions have been observed simultaneously, which provides the basis for the electromagnetic radiation. The simulation results clearly show that the electromagnetic radiation frequency can reach up to terahertz (THz) wave band which may result from the filter-like property of plasma background, and the electromagnetic radiation frequency closely depends on the plasma density. To understand the above simulation results physically, the dispersion relation of themore » beam-plasma system has been derived using the field-matching method, and the dispersion curves show that the slow wave modes can couple with the electron beam effectively in THz wave band, which is an important theoretical evidence of the EM radiation.« less

  17. Updates to the Demographic and Spatial Allocation Models to Produce Integrated Climate and Land Use Scenarios (ICLUS) (Final Report, Version 2)

    EPA Science Inventory

    EPA's announced the availability of the final report, Updates to the Demographic and Spatial Allocation Models to Produce Integrated Climate and Land Use Scenarios (ICLUS) (Version 2). This update furthered land change modeling by providing nationwide housing developmen...

  18. Quantum Entanglement in Double Quantum Systems and Jaynes-Cummings Model.

    PubMed

    Jakubczyk, Paweł; Majchrowski, Klaudiusz; Tralle, Igor

    2017-12-01

    In the paper, we proposed a new approach to producing the qubits in electron transport in low-dimensional structures such as double quantum wells or double quantum wires (DQW). The qubit could arise as a result of quantum entanglement of two specific states of electrons in DQW structure. These two specific states are the symmetric and antisymmetric (with respect to inversion symmetry) states arising due to tunneling across the structure, while entanglement could be produced and controlled by means of the source of nonclassical light. We examined the possibility to produce quantum entanglement in the framework of Jaynes-Cummings model and have shown that at least in principle, the entanglement can be achieved due to series of "revivals" and "collapses" in the population inversion due to the interaction of a quantized single-mode EM field with a two-level system.

  19. IDENTIFICATION OF MICROCYSTIN TOXINS FROM A STRAIN OF MICROCYSTIS AERUGINOSA BY LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY INTRODUCTION INTO A HYBRID LINEAR ION TRAP-FOURIER TRANSFORM ION CYCLOTRON RESONANCE MASS SPECTROMETER

    EPA Science Inventory

    The cyclic heptapeptide microcystin toxins produced by a strain of Microcystis aeruginosa that has not been investigated previously were separated by liquid chromatography and identified by high-accuracy m/z measurements of their [M + H]+ ions and the fragment i...

  20. Prevalence and characteristics of general and football-specific emergency medical service activations by high school and collegiate certified athletic trainers: a national study.

    PubMed

    Decoster, Laura C; Swartz, Erik E; Cappaert, Thomas A; Hootman, Jennifer M

    2010-11-01

    To describe frequency and characteristics of emergency medical services (EMS) activations by certified athletic trainers (ATs) and effects of pre-season planning meetings on interactions between ATs and EMS both generally and specifically during football head/neck emergencies. Retrospective cross-sectional survey. 2009 Web-based survey. Athletic trainers (n = 1884; participation rate, 28%) in high school and collegiate settings. Athletic trainer work setting, AT demographics, history of pre-season planning meetings. Proportions and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) estimated the prevalence of EMS activation, planning meetings, and characteristics of AT-EMS interactions (eg, episodes of AT-perceived inappropriate care and on-field disagreements). Chi square tests tested differences (P < 0.05) in proportions. Associations (odds ratio = OR and 95% CI) between work setting, demographics, preseason meetings and fall 2008 1) episodes of AT-perceived inappropriate care, and 2) on-field disagreements were assessed using multivariate logistic regression. High school ATs activated EMS more frequently than collegiate ATs (eg, fall 2008 EMS activation for football injury, 59.9% vs 27.5%; P < 0.01) and reported fewer pre-season planning meetings (eg, met with EMS to practice, 38.1% vs 55.8%; P < 0.01). During the Fall 2008 football season, high school ATs perceived more episodes of inappropriate care (10.4% vs 3.9%; P < 0.01) and on-field disagreements (5.4 vs 2.2%; P < 0.01) than collegiate ATs. High school work setting was independently associated with episodes of AT-perceived inappropriate care (adjusted OR = 2.76; 95% CI, 1.65-4.62) and on-field disagreements (adjusted OR = 2.33; 95% CI, 1.17-4.64). Athletic trainer-EMS interactions are common and sometimes involve AT-perceived episodes of inappropriate care and on-field disagreements between emergency care providers.

  1. DNR Recorder's Office

    Science.gov Websites

    • Bettles • Bettles Field (Evansville) • Biedermans Camp • Big Delta • Big Horn • Big Lake • Birch • College • Crooked Creek • Dahten • Dall • Dalton • Delta Junction • Demarcation Pt • Diamond Â

  2. NCEP Air Quality Forecast(AQF). NOAA/NWS/NCEP/EMC

    Science.gov Websites

    19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Select Cycle: 12Z 06Z Select Field: target(4Z-4Z) day_1 O3 1h max target(4Z-4Z) day_2 O3 1h max target(4Z-4Z) day_1 O3 8h max target(4Z-4Z) day_2 O3 8h max Select

  3. Human Factors and Simulation in Emergency Medicine.

    PubMed

    Hayden, Emily M; Wong, Ambrose H; Ackerman, Jeremy; Sande, Margaret K; Lei, Charles; Kobayashi, Leo; Cassara, Michael; Cooper, Dylan D; Perry, Kimberly; Lewandowski, William E; Scerbo, Mark W

    2018-02-01

    This consensus group from the 2017 Academic Emergency Medicine Consensus Conference "Catalyzing System Change through Health Care Simulation: Systems, Competency, and Outcomes" held in Orlando, Florida, on May 16, 2017, focused on the use of human factors (HF) and simulation in the field of emergency medicine (EM). The HF discipline is often underutilized within EM but has significant potential in improving the interface between technologies and individuals in the field. The discussion explored the domain of HF, its benefits in medicine, how simulation can be a catalyst for HF work in EM, and how EM can collaborate with HF professionals to effect change. Implementing HF in EM through health care simulation will require a demonstration of clinical and safety outcomes, advocacy to stakeholders and administrators, and establishment of structured collaborations between HF professionals and EM, such as in this breakout group. © 2017 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine.

  4. Electromagnetic pulse distortion in living tissue.

    PubMed

    Lepelaars, E S

    1996-05-01

    Insight into the distortion of electromagnetic (EM) signals in living tissue is important for optimising medical applications. To obtain this insight, field calculations have been carried out for a plane-stratified configuration of air, skin, fat, muscle and bone tissue. In this configuration, an EM field is generated by a prescribed pulsed current in a circular loop. Debye dispersion models have been developed for the description of the permittivity of the tissues. The field problem is solved analytically with the aid of a temporal Fourier transformation and a spatial Hankel transformation. The corresponding inverse transformations have been carried out numerically. To demonstrate the influences of stratification and dispersion separately, the EM fields in the stratified configuration, in a completely muscle-filled space and in vacuum are compared. Two different pulses have been considered; narrow and wide. It emerges that dispersion results in a retardation and an attenuation of the field. Stratification causes additional fluctuations of the time-dependent field. Furthermore, the conductivity of tissue at high frequencies is mainly determined by its water content. Tissues with high water content, like muscle and skin, exhibit higher conductivity at high frequencies than fat and bone. Muscle and skin tissue therefore behave as low-pass filters to EM signals.

  5. EM Modeling of Far-Field Radiation Patterns for Antennas on the GMA-TT UAV

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Mackenzie, Anne I.

    2015-01-01

    To optimize communication with the Generic Modular Aircraft T-Tail (GMA-TT) unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), electromagnetic (EM) simulations have been performed to predict the performance of two antenna types on the aircraft. Simulated far-field radiation patterns tell the amount of power radiated by the antennas and the aircraft together, taking into account blockage by the aircraft as well as radiation by conducting and dielectric portions of the aircraft. With a knowledge of the polarization and distance of the two communicating antennas, e.g. one on the UAV and one on the ground, and the transmitted signal strength, a calculation may be performed to find the strength of the signal travelling from one antenna to the other and to check that the transmitted signal meets the receiver system requirements for the designated range. In order to do this, the antenna frequency and polarization must be known for each antenna, in addition to its design and location. The permittivity, permeability, and geometry of the UAV components must also be known. The full-wave method of moments solution produces the appropriate dBi radiation pattern in which the received signal strength is calculated relative to that of an isotropic radiator.

  6. A Method of Treatment of Purulent-Inflammatory Diseases of the Hand in Outpatient Clinic with Using Electromagnetic Microwave Field

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Rabenok, L.; Grimalsky, V.; De La Hidalga-W., J.

    2006-09-01

    The report is devoted to applications of the microwave therapy. 50 patients with acute purulent-inflammatory diseases of the hand were examined with using our method of treatment with electromagnetic (EM) microwave field in an outpatient clinic. We used a portable apparatus that operates in the millimeter (mm) wave range in 4 regimes. The intensity of EM radiation was 2-10 mW/cm2. A peculiarity of the method was an absence of any antibacterial medicine during the treatment. We conclude that using EM microwave fields seems very efficient in a complex treatment of acute purulent-inflammatory diseases of the hand in an outpatient clinic. An interpretation of the obtained results is given due to the resonant character of the interaction of EM radiation with molecular and cellular structures.

  7. A gauged finite-element potential formulation for accurate inductive and galvanic modelling of 3-D electromagnetic problems

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ansari, S. M.; Farquharson, C. G.; MacLachlan, S. P.

    2017-07-01

    In this paper, a new finite-element solution to the potential formulation of the geophysical electromagnetic (EM) problem that explicitly implements the Coulomb gauge, and that accurately computes the potentials and hence inductive and galvanic components, is proposed. The modelling scheme is based on using unstructured tetrahedral meshes for domain subdivision, which enables both realistic Earth models of complex geometries to be considered and efficient spatially variable refinement of the mesh to be done. For the finite-element discretization edge and nodal elements are used for approximating the vector and scalar potentials respectively. The issue of non-unique, incorrect potentials from the numerical solution of the usual incomplete-gauged potential system is demonstrated for a benchmark model from the literature that uses an electric-type EM source, through investigating the interface continuity conditions for both the normal and tangential components of the potential vectors, and by showing inconsistent results obtained from iterative and direct linear equation solvers. By explicitly introducing the Coulomb gauge condition as an extra equation, and by augmenting the Helmholtz equation with the gradient of a Lagrange multiplier, an explicitly gauged system for the potential formulation is formed. The solution to the discretized form of this system is validated for the above-mentioned example and for another classic example that uses a magnetic EM source. In order to stabilize the iterative solution of the gauged system, a block diagonal pre-conditioning scheme that is based upon the Schur complement of the potential system is used. For all examples, both the iterative and direct solvers produce the same responses for the potentials, demonstrating the uniqueness of the numerical solution for the potentials and fixing the problems with the interface conditions between cells observed for the incomplete-gauged system. These solutions of the gauged system also produce the physically anticipated behaviours for the inductive and galvanic components of the electric field. For a realistic geophysical scenario, the gauged scheme is also used to synthesize the magnetic field response of a model of the Ovoid ore deposit at Voisey's Bay, Labrador, Canada. The results are in good agreement with the helicopter-borne EM data from the real survey, and the inductive and galvanic parts of the current density show expected behaviours.

  8. Analysis of complex environment effect on near-field emission

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ravelo, B.; Lalléchère, S.; Bonnet, P.; Paladian, F.

    2014-10-01

    The article is dealing with uncertainty analyses of radiofrequency circuits electromagnetic compatibility emission based on the near-field/near-field (NF/NF) transform combined with stochastic approach. By using 2D data corresponding to electromagnetic (EM) field (X=E or H) scanned in the observation plane placed at the position z0 above the circuit under test (CUT), the X field map was extracted. Then, uncertainty analyses were assessed via the statistical moments from X component. In addition, stochastic collocation based was considered and calculations were applied to planar EM NF radiated by the CUTs as Wilkinson power divider and a microstrip line operating at GHz levels. After Matlab implementation, the mean and standard deviation were assessed. The present study illustrates how the variations of environmental parameters may impact EM fields. The NF uncertainty methodology can be applied to any physical parameter effects in complex environment and useful for printed circuit board (PCBs) design guideline.

  9. Marine EM: The Past, The Present, and The Future

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Constable, S.

    2016-12-01

    The high cost of deepwater exploration motivated the development of commercial marine magnetotelluric (MT) exploration in 1995, but it wasn't until marine controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) methods burst upon the industry scene with the formation of three new contractors in 2002 that things got really exciting. Now the bubble has burst and the excitement has diminished, but marine EM remains an important tool for offshore exploration. Early mistakes were made as a result of poor instrumentation and a lack of good interpretation tools - unlike seismics, EM relies heavily on inversion to produce useful results - but both equipment and inversion codes have improved significantly. Still, there are mistakes that can be made. Rock anisotropy and seawater conductivity have to be handled appropriately. A strong galvanic response means that there is a resistivity/thickness ambiguity when imaging reservoirs, but the inductive nature of the data means that multi-frequency inversions are very much better than using single frequencies. Resolution will never be as good as for seismic methods, but is much better than for potential field methods and conductivity may often be a more diagnostic property than acoustic impedance. EM images resistivity, not hydrocarbon content, and false positives occasionally occur, but false negatives are rare. That is, without a CSEM signature there is little chance of discovering economical hydrocarbons. This should bode well for the future of the method.

  10. Rates of short-GRB afterglows in association with binary neutron star mergers

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Saleem, M.; Pai, Archana; Misra, Kuntal; Resmi, L.; Arun, K. G.

    2018-03-01

    Assuming all binary neutron star (BNS) mergers produce short gamma-ray bursts, we combine the merger rates of BNS from population synthesis studies, the sensitivities of advanced gravitational wave (GW) interferometer networks, and of the electromagnetic (EM) facilities in various wavebands, to compute the detection rate of associated afterglows in these bands. Using the inclination angle measured from GWs as a proxy for the viewing angle and assuming a uniform distribution of jet opening angle between 3° and 30°, we generate light curves of the counterparts using the open access afterglow hydrodynamics package BOXFIT for X-ray, optical, and radio bands. For different EM detectors, we obtain the fraction of EM counterparts detectable in these three bands by imposing appropriate detection thresholds. In association with BNS mergers detected by five (three) detector networks of advanced GW interferometers, assuming a BNS merger rate of 0.6-774 Gpc-3 yr-1 from population synthesis models, we find the afterglow detection rates (per year) to be 0.04-53 (0.02-27), 0.03-36 (0.01-19), and 0.04-47 (0.02-25) in the X-ray, optical, and radio bands, respectively. Our rates represent maximum possible detections for the given BNS rate since we ignore effects of cadence and field of view in EM follow-up observations.

  11. Numerical Simulation of Electromagnetic Field Variation in the Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere Associated with Seismogenic Process in a Curvature Coordinate System

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Liu, L.; Zhao, Z.; Wang, Y.; Huang, Q.

    2013-12-01

    The lithosphere-atmosphere- ionosphere (LAI) system formed an electromagnetic (EM) cavity that hosts the EM field excited by electric currents generated by lightning and other natural sources. There have also been numerous reports on variations of the EM field existing in LAI system prior to some significance earthquakes. We simulated the EM field in the lithosphere-ionosphere waveguide with a whole-earth model using a curvature coordinate by the hybrid pseudo-spectral and finite difference time domain method. Considering the seismogensis as a fully coupled seismoelectric process, we simulate the seismic wave and the EM wave in this 2D model. In the model we have observed the excitation of the Schumann Resonance (SR) as the background EM field generated by randomly placed electric-current impulses within the lowest 10 kilometers of the atmosphere. The diurnal variation and the latitude-dependence in ion concentration in the ionosphere are included in the model. After the SR reaching a steady state, an electric impulse is introduced in the shallow lithosphere to mimic the seismogenic process (pre-, co- and post-seismic) to assess the possible precursory effects on SR strength and frequency. The modeling results can explain the observed fact of why SR has a much more sensitive response to continental earthquakes, and much less response to oceanic events. The fundamental reason is simply due to the shielding effect of the conductive ocean that prevents effective radiation of the seismoelectric signals from oceanic earthquake events into the LAI waveguide.

  12. Matrix formalism of electromagnetic wave propagation through multiple layers in the near-field region: application to the flat panel display.

    PubMed

    Lee, C Y; Lee, D E; Hong, Y K; Shim, J H; Jeong, C K; Joo, J; Zang, D S; Shim, M G; Lee, J J; Cha, J K; Yang, H G

    2003-04-01

    We have developed an electromagnetic (EM) wave propagation theory through a single layer and multiple layers in the near-field and far-field regions, and have constructed a matrix formalism in terms of the boundary conditions of the EM waves. From the shielding efficiency (SE) against EM radiation in the near-field region calculated by using the matrix formalism, we propose that the effect of multiple layers yields enhanced shielding capability compared to a single layer with the same total thickness in conducting layers as the multiple layers. We compare the intensities of an EM wave propagating through glass coated with conducting indium tin oxide (ITO) on one side and on both sides, applying it to the electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding filter in a flat panel display such as a plasma display panel (PDP). From the measured intensities of EMI noise generated by a PDP loaded with ITO coated glass samples, the two-side coated glass shows a lower intensity of EMI noise compared to the one-side coated glass. The result confirms the enhancement of the SE due to the effect of multiple layers, as expected in the matrix formalism of EM wave propagation in the near-field region. In the far-field region, the two-side coated glass with ITO in multiple layers has a higher SE than the one-side coated glass with ITO, when the total thickness of ITO in both cases is the same.

  13. A Field-Based Aquatic Life Benchmark for Conductivity in Central Appalachian Streams (Final Report)

    EPA Science Inventory

    EPA announced the availability of the final report, A Field-Based Aquatic Life Benchmark for Conductivity in Central Appalachian Streams. This report describes a method to characterize the relationship between the extirpation (the effective extinction) of invertebrate g...

  14. Superconducting ECR ion source: From 24-28 GHz SECRAL to 45 GHz fourth generation ECR

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhao, H. W.; Sun, L. T.; Guo, J. W.; Zhang, W. H.; Lu, W.; Wu, W.; Wu, B. M.; Sabbi, G.; Juchno, M.; Hafalia, A.; Ravaioli, E.; Xie, D. Z.

    2018-05-01

    The development of superconducting ECR source with higher magnetic fields and higher microwave frequency is the most straight forward path to achieve higher beam intensity and higher charge state performance. SECRAL, a superconducting third generation ECR ion source, is designed for 24-28 GHz microwave frequency operation with an innovative magnet configuration of sextupole coils located outside the three solenoids. SECRAL at 24 GHz has already produced a number of record beam intensities, such as 40Ar12+ 1.4 emA, 129Xe26+ 1.1 emA, 129Xe30+ 0.36 emA, and 209Bi31+ 0.68 emA. SECRAL-II, an upgraded version of SECRAL, was built successfully in less than 3 years and has recently been commissioned at full power of a 28 GHz gyrotron and three-frequency heating (28 + 45 + 18 GHz). New record beam intensities for highly charged ion production have been achieved, such as 620 eμA 40Ar16+, 15 eμA 40Ar18+, 146 eμA 86Kr28+, 0.5 eμA 86Kr33+, 53 eμA 129Xe38+, and 17 eμA 129Xe42+. Recent beam test results at SECRAL and SECRAL II have demonstrated that the production of more intense highly charged heavy ion beams needs higher microwave power and higher frequency, as the scaling law predicted. A 45 GHz superconducting ECR ion source FECR (a first fourth generation ECR ion source) is being built at IMP. FECR will be the world's first Nb3Sn superconducting-magnet-based ECR ion source with 6.5 T axial mirror field, 3.5 T sextupole field on the plasma chamber inner wall, and 20 kW at a 45 GHz microwave coupling system. This paper will focus on SECRAL performance studies at 24-28 GHz and technical design of 45 GHz FECR, which demonstrates a technical path for highly charged ion beam production from 24 to 28 GHz SECRAL to 45 GHz FECR.

  15. Synergistic activity of biocides and antibiotics on resistant bacteria from organically produced foods.

    PubMed

    Fernández Fuentes, Miguel Angel; Abriouel, Hikmate; Gadea, Rebeca; Pérez Pulido, Rubén; Gálvez, Antonio; Ortega, Elena

    2014-10-01

    Synergism between biocides and antibiotics was investigated in 20 biocide and antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains that were previously isolated from organically produced foods, according to their antimicrobial resistance profiles. Most of the antibiotic/biocide combinations yielded synergistic interactions, reducing the inhibitory concentrations of biocides and antibiotics by 4- to 16-fold. Among enterococci, synergism with biocides was detected for amoxicillin (AM), cefuroxime (CX), erythromycin (EM), ciprofloxacin (CP), and trimethoprim/sulphametoxazol (T/S). Among staphylococci, interactions were synergistic (AM) and either synergistic or indifferent (CX and EM, depending on biocide). Among the three methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical strains included in the study, the combinations of methicillin and triclosan or hexachlorophene acted synergistically in all strains, but interactions were either synergistic or indifferent for the other biocides, depending on the strain. All combinations tested were synergistic for Lactobacillus (AM, CX, EM, and CP) and Micrococcus (AM, EM). In Salmonella, interactions were indifferent (AM, CX, EM, and CP) or synergistic (T/S). Synergism with biocides was also detected in Klebsiella isolates (AM, CX, and T/S), Enterobacter sp. (AM, CX, EM, and T/S), Pantoea (AM, CX, EM, CP, and T/S), and Chryseobacterium sp. (EM). These results suggest that combinations of biocides and antibiotics may open new possibilities to combat antimicrobial resistance.

  16. Fundamentals of Transcranial Electric and Magnetic Stimulation Dose: Definition, Selection, and Reporting Practices

    PubMed Central

    Peterchev, Angel V.; Wagner, Timothy A.; Miranda, Pedro C.; Nitsche, Michael A.; Paulus, Walter; Lisanby, Sarah H.; Pascual-Leone, Alvaro; Bikson, Marom

    2011-01-01

    The growing use of transcranial electric and magnetic (EM) brain stimulation in basic research and in clinical applications necessitates a clear understanding of what constitutes the dose of EM stimulation and how it should be reported. The biological effects of EM stimulation are mediated through an electromagnetic field injected (via electric stimulation) or induced (via magnetic stimulation) in the body. Therefore, transcranial EM stimulation dose ought to be defined by all parameters of the stimulation device that affect the electromagnetic field generated in the body, including the stimulation electrode or coil configuration parameters: shape, size, position, and electrical properties, as well as the electrode or coil current (or voltage) waveform parameters: pulse shape, amplitude, width, polarity, and repetition frequency; duration of and interval between bursts or trains of pulses; total number of pulses; and interval between stimulation sessions and total number of sessions. Knowledge of the electromagnetic field generated in the body may not be sufficient but is necessary to understand the biological effects of EM stimulation. We believe that reporting of EM stimulation dose should be guided by the principle of reproducibility: sufficient information about the stimulation parameters should be provided so that the dose can be replicated. This paper provides fundamental definition and principles for reporting of dose that encompass any transcranial EM brain stimulation protocol. PMID:22305345

  17. Fundamentals of transcranial electric and magnetic stimulation dose: definition, selection, and reporting practices.

    PubMed

    Peterchev, Angel V; Wagner, Timothy A; Miranda, Pedro C; Nitsche, Michael A; Paulus, Walter; Lisanby, Sarah H; Pascual-Leone, Alvaro; Bikson, Marom

    2012-10-01

    The growing use of transcranial electric and magnetic (EM) brain stimulation in basic research and in clinical applications necessitates a clear understanding of what constitutes the dose of EM stimulation and how it should be reported. This paper provides fundamental definitions and principles for reporting of dose that encompass any transcranial EM brain stimulation protocol. The biologic effects of EM stimulation are mediated through an electromagnetic field injected (via electric stimulation) or induced (via magnetic stimulation) in the body. Therefore, transcranial EM stimulation dose ought to be defined by all parameters of the stimulation device that affect the electromagnetic field generated in the body, including the stimulation electrode or coil configuration parameters: shape, size, position, and electrical properties, as well as the electrode or coil current (or voltage) waveform parameters: pulse shape, amplitude, width, polarity, and repetition frequency; duration of and interval between bursts or trains of pulses; total number of pulses; and interval between stimulation sessions and total number of sessions. Knowledge of the electromagnetic field generated in the body may not be sufficient but is necessary to understand the biologic effects of EM stimulation. We believe that reporting of EM stimulation dose should be guided by the principle of reproducibility: sufficient information about the stimulation parameters should be provided so that the dose can be replicated. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  18. Updates to the Demographic and Spatial Allocation Models to Produce Integrated Climate and Land Use Scenarios (ICLUS) (Version 2) (External Review Draft)

    EPA Science Inventory

    EPA announced the availability of the draft report, Updates to the Demographic and Spatial Allocation Models to Produce Integrated Climate and Land Use Scenarios (ICLUS) for a 30-day public comment period. The ICLUS version 2 (v2) modeling tool furthered land change mod...

  19. NCEP Air Quality Forecast(AQF) for Alaska/Hawaii. NOAA/NWS/NCEP/EMC

    Science.gov Websites

    : Daily sfc max or avg 2D fields Quick verification O3/PM2.5 Meteor Year: 2012 2013 2014 2015 Month: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Day: 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

  20. Quantum phases for point-like charged particles and for electrically neutral dipoles in an electromagnetic field

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kholmetskii, A. L.; Missevitch, O. V.; Yarman, T.

    2018-05-01

    We point out that the known quantum phases for an electric/magnetic dipole moving in an electromagnetic (EM) field must be presented as the superposition of more fundamental quantum phases emerging for elementary charges. Using this idea, we find two new fundamental quantum phases for point-like charges, next to the known electric and magnetic Aharonov-Bohm (A-B) phases, named by us as the complementary electric and magnetic phases, correspondingly. We further demonstrate that these new phases can indeed be derived via the Schrödinger equation for a particle in an EM field, where however the operator of momentum is re-defined via the replacement of the canonical momentum of particle by the sum of its mechanical momentum and interactional field momentum for a system "charged particle and a macroscopic source of EM field". The implications of the obtained results are discussed.

  1. Mechanical and electromagnetic induction of protection against oxidative stress.

    PubMed

    Di Carlo, A L; White, N C; Litovitz, T A

    2001-01-01

    Cells and tissues can be protected against a potentially lethal stress by first exposing them to a brief dose of the same or different stress. This "pre-conditioning" phenomenon has been documented in many models of protection against oxidative stress, including ischemia/reperfusion and ultraviolet (UV) light exposure. Stimuli which induce this protective response include heat, chemicals, brief ischemia, and electromagnetic (EM) field exposures. We report here that constant mechanical vibration pre-conditions chick embryos, protecting them during subsequent stress from hypoxia or UV light exposure. Continuously mechanically vibrated embryos (60 Hz, 1 g (32 ft/s2), 20 min) exhibited nearly double the survival (67.5%, P < 0.001) after subsequent hypoxia as compared to non-vibrated controls (37.6%). As a second set of experiments, embryos were vibrated and then exposed to UV light stress. Those embryos that were vibrated prior to UV had nearly double the survival 3 h after UV exposure (66%, P < 0.001) as compared to controls (35%). The degree of protection, however, was dependent on the constancy of the vibration amplitude. When vibration was turned on and off at 1-s intervals throughout exposure, no increase in hypoxia protection was noted. For 50 s on/off vibration intervals, however, hypoxia protection comparable to continuous vibration was obtained. In contrast, random, inconstant mechanical vibration did not induce protection against subsequent UV exposure. These data suggest that to be an effective pre-conditioning agent, mechanical vibration must have a degree of temporally constancy (on/off intervals of greater than 1 s). Further experiments in both models (hypoxia and UV) indicated an interaction between vibration and EM field-induced protection. Vibration-induced hypoxia protection was inhibited by superposition of a random EM noise field (previously shown to inhibit EM field-induced protection). In addition, EM field-induced UV protection was inhibited by the superposition of random mechanical vibration. Thus, the superposition of either vibrational or EM noise during pre-conditioning virtually eliminated protection against hypoxia and UV. This link between EM field exposures and mechanical vibration is consistent with the hypothesis that cells sense these stimuli via a similar mechanism involving counter ion displacement.

  2. Strong interaction between dye molecule and electromagnetic field localized around 1 Nm3 at gaps of nanoparticle dimers by plasmon resonance

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Itoh, Tamitake; Yamamoto, Yuko S.

    2017-11-01

    Electronic transition rates of a molecule located at a crevasse or a gap of a plasmonic nanoparticle (NP) dimer are largely enhanced up to the factor of around 106 due to electromagnetic (EM) coupling between plasmonic and molecular electronic resonances. The coupling rate is determined by mode density of the EM fields at the crevasse and the oscillator strength of the local electronic resonance of a molecule. The enhancement by EM coupling at a gap of plasmonic NP dimer enables us single molecule (SM) Raman spectroscopy. Recently, this type of research has entered a new regime wherein EM enhancement effects cannot be treated by conventional theorems, namely EM mechanism. Thus, such theorems used for the EM enhancement effect should be re-examined. We here firstly summarize EM mechanism by using surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), which is common in EM enhancement phenomena. Secondly, we focus on recent two our studies on probing SM fluctuation by SERS within the spatial resolution of sub-nanometer scales. Finally, we discuss the necessity of re-examining the EM mechanism with respect to two-fold breakdowns of the weak coupling assumption: the breakdown of Kasha's rule induced by the ultra-fast plasmonic de-excitation and the breakdown of the weak coupling by EM coupling rates exceeding both the plasmonic and molecular excitonic dephasing rates.

  3. Unsupervised Cryo-EM Data Clustering through Adaptively Constrained K-Means Algorithm

    PubMed Central

    Xu, Yaofang; Wu, Jiayi; Yin, Chang-Cheng; Mao, Youdong

    2016-01-01

    In single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), K-means clustering algorithm is widely used in unsupervised 2D classification of projection images of biological macromolecules. 3D ab initio reconstruction requires accurate unsupervised classification in order to separate molecular projections of distinct orientations. Due to background noise in single-particle images and uncertainty of molecular orientations, traditional K-means clustering algorithm may classify images into wrong classes and produce classes with a large variation in membership. Overcoming these limitations requires further development on clustering algorithms for cryo-EM data analysis. We propose a novel unsupervised data clustering method building upon the traditional K-means algorithm. By introducing an adaptive constraint term in the objective function, our algorithm not only avoids a large variation in class sizes but also produces more accurate data clustering. Applications of this approach to both simulated and experimental cryo-EM data demonstrate that our algorithm is a significantly improved alterative to the traditional K-means algorithm in single-particle cryo-EM analysis. PMID:27959895

  4. Unsupervised Cryo-EM Data Clustering through Adaptively Constrained K-Means Algorithm.

    PubMed

    Xu, Yaofang; Wu, Jiayi; Yin, Chang-Cheng; Mao, Youdong

    2016-01-01

    In single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), K-means clustering algorithm is widely used in unsupervised 2D classification of projection images of biological macromolecules. 3D ab initio reconstruction requires accurate unsupervised classification in order to separate molecular projections of distinct orientations. Due to background noise in single-particle images and uncertainty of molecular orientations, traditional K-means clustering algorithm may classify images into wrong classes and produce classes with a large variation in membership. Overcoming these limitations requires further development on clustering algorithms for cryo-EM data analysis. We propose a novel unsupervised data clustering method building upon the traditional K-means algorithm. By introducing an adaptive constraint term in the objective function, our algorithm not only avoids a large variation in class sizes but also produces more accurate data clustering. Applications of this approach to both simulated and experimental cryo-EM data demonstrate that our algorithm is a significantly improved alterative to the traditional K-means algorithm in single-particle cryo-EM analysis.

  5. Recent Development of IMP ECR Ion Sources

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Zhao, H.W.; Zhang, Z.M.; Sun, L.T.

    2005-03-15

    Great efforts have been made to develop highly charged ECR ion sources for application of heavy ion accelerator and atomic physics research at IMP in the past few years. The latest development of ECR ion sources at IMP is briefly reviewed. Intense beams with high and intermediate charge states have been produced from IMP LECR3 by optimization of the ion source conditions including rf frequency extended up to 18GHz. 1.1 emA of Ar8+ and 325 e{mu} A of Ar11+ were produced. Dependence of beam emittance on those key parameters of ECR ion source, beam extraction and space charge compensation weremore » experimentally studied at LECR3. Furthermore, an advanced superconducting ECR ion source named SECRAL is being constructed. SECRAL is designed to operate at rf frequency 18-28GHz with axial mirror magnetic fields 3.6-4.0 Tesla at injection, 2.2 Tesla at extraction and sextupole field 2.0 Tesla at the wall. The superconducting magnet with sextupole and three solenoids was tested in a test-cryostat and 95% of designed fields were reached. Construction status and planed schedule of SECRAL are presented.« less

  6. The mean field theory in EM procedures for blind Markov random field image restoration.

    PubMed

    Zhang, J

    1993-01-01

    A Markov random field (MRF) model-based EM (expectation-maximization) procedure for simultaneously estimating the degradation model and restoring the image is described. The MRF is a coupled one which provides continuity (inside regions of smooth gray tones) and discontinuity (at region boundaries) constraints for the restoration problem which is, in general, ill posed. The computational difficulty associated with the EM procedure for MRFs is resolved by using the mean field theory from statistical mechanics. An orthonormal blur decomposition is used to reduce the chances of undesirable locally optimal estimates. Experimental results on synthetic and real-world images show that this approach provides good blur estimates and restored images. The restored images are comparable to those obtained by a Wiener filter in mean-square error, but are most visually pleasing.

  7. SubspaceEM: A Fast Maximum-a-posteriori Algorithm for Cryo-EM Single Particle Reconstruction

    PubMed Central

    Dvornek, Nicha C.; Sigworth, Fred J.; Tagare, Hemant D.

    2015-01-01

    Single particle reconstruction methods based on the maximum-likelihood principle and the expectation-maximization (E–M) algorithm are popular because of their ability to produce high resolution structures. However, these algorithms are computationally very expensive, requiring a network of computational servers. To overcome this computational bottleneck, we propose a new mathematical framework for accelerating maximum-likelihood reconstructions. The speedup is by orders of magnitude and the proposed algorithm produces similar quality reconstructions compared to the standard maximum-likelihood formulation. Our approach uses subspace approximations of the cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) data and projection images, greatly reducing the number of image transformations and comparisons that are computed. Experiments using simulated and actual cryo-EM data show that speedup in overall execution time compared to traditional maximum-likelihood reconstruction reaches factors of over 300. PMID:25839831

  8. Formation of nanoparticles of a hydrophilic drug using supercritical carbon dioxide and microencapsulation for sustained release.

    PubMed

    Thote, Amol J; Gupta, Ram B

    2005-03-01

    Our purpose was to produce nanoparticles of a hydrophilic drug with use of supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2), encapsulate the obtained nanoparticles into polymer microparticles with use of an anhydrous method and study their sustained in vitro drug release. The hydrophilic drug, dexamethasone phosphate, is dissolved in methanol and injected in supercritical CO2 with an ultrasonic field for enhanced molecular mixing (supercritical antisolvent technique with enhanced mass transfer [SAS-EM]). Supercritical CO2 rapidly extracts methanol leading to instantaneous precipitation of drug nanoparticles. The nanoparticles are then encapsulated in poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) polymer by use of the anhydrous solid-oil-oil-oil technique. This results in a well-dispersed encapsulation of drug nanoparticles in polymer microspheres. In vitro drug release from these microparticles is studied. With supercritical CO2 used as an antisolvent, nanoparticles of dexamethasone phosphate were obtained in the range of 150 to 200 nm. On encapsulation in polylactide coglycolide, composite microspheres of approximately 70 microm were obtained. The in vitro drug release of these nanoparticles/microparticles composites shows sustained release of dexamethasone phosphate over a period of 700 hours with almost no initial burst release. Nanoparticles of dexamethasone phosphate can be produced with the SAS-EM technique. When microencapsulated, these particles can provide sustained drug release without initial burst release. Because the complete process is anhydrous, it can be easily extended to produce sustained release formulations of other hydrophilic drugs.

  9. Power line emission 50/60 Hz and Schumann resonances observed by microsatellite Chibis-M in the Earth's ionosphere

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Dudkin, Denys; Pilipenko, Vyacheslav; Dudkin, Fedir; Pronenko, Vira; Klimov, Stanislav

    2015-04-01

    The overhead power lines are the sources of intense wideband electromagnetic (EM) emission, especially in ELF-VLF range, because of significant length (up to a few thousand kilometers) and strong 50/60 Hz currents with noticeable distortion. The radiation efficiency of the power line emission (PLE) increases with the harmonic order, so they are well observed by ground-based EM sensors. However their observations by low orbiting satellites (LEO) are very rare, particularly at basic harmonic 50/60 Hz, because of the ionospheric plasma opacity in ELF band. The Schumann resonance (SR) is the narrow-band EM noise that occurs due to the global thunderstorm activity in the Earth-ionosphere cavity. The first five eigenmodes of the SR are 7.8, 14.3, 20.8, 27.3 and 33.8 Hz and, thus, SR harmonics are also strongly absorbed by the Earth ionosphere. The published numerical simulations show that the penetration depth of such an ELF emission into the Earth's ionosphere is limited to 50-70 km for electric field and 120-240 km for magnetic field. From this follows, that PLE and SR can hardly ever be detected by LEO satellites, i.e. above the F-layer of ionosphere. In spite of this fact, these emissions were recently observed with use of the electric field antennas placed on the satellites C/NOFS (USA) and Chibis-M (Russia). Microsatellite Chibis-M was launched on January 24, 2012, at 23:18:30 UTC from the cargo ship "Progress M-13M" to circular orbit with altitude ~500 km and inclination ~52° . Chibis-M mass is about 40 kg where one third is a scientific instrumentation. The dimensions of the microsatellite case are 0.26x0.26x0.54 m with the outside mounted solar panels, service and scientific instrumentation. The main scientific objective of Chibis-M is the theoretical model verification for the atmospheric gamma-ray bursts. It requires the study of the accompanying EM processes such as the plasma waves produced by the lightning discharges in the VLF band. Chibis-M decayed on 15 October 2014. The Chibis-M electric sensor has a small 0.42 m tip-to-tip base and was developed in Lviv Centre of Institute for Space Research, Ukraine. The sensor provides the measurement of one electric field component, which is perpendicular to the orbital plane, in the frequency range of 0.1-40,000 Hz with the noise spectral density 0.8-0.04 (μV/m)/Hz0.5 (in the band 1-100 Hz the noise is 0.2-0.04 (μV/m)/Hz0.5). We present the space distribution of the observed PLE and SR harmonics in the latitude range ±52o and connection of the PLE sources with the high-voltage overhead power lines. The electric field data have been analyzed for all Chibis-M operating time (~ 2.5 years). The fact of PLE and SR detection by LEO satellites C/NOFS and Chibis-M suggests that the model of the transionospheric ELF EM field propagation should be refined.

  10. Evaluation of field triage decision scheme educational resources: audience research with emergency medical service personnel.

    PubMed

    Sarmiento, Kelly; Eckstein, Daniel; Zambon, Allison

    2013-03-01

    In an effort to encourage appropriate field triage procedures, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), in collaboration with the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration and the American College of Surgeons-Committee on Trauma, convened the National Expert Panel on Field Triage to update the Field Triage Decision Scheme: The National Trauma Triage Protocol (Decision Scheme). In support of the Decision Scheme, CDC developed educational resources for emergency medical service (EMS) professionals, one of CDC's first efforts to develop and broadly disseminate educational information for the EMS community. CDC wanted to systematically collect information from the EMS community on what worked and what did not with respect to these educational materials and which materials were of most use. An evaluation was conducted to obtain feedback from EMS professionals about the Decision Scheme and use of Decision Scheme educational materials. The evaluation included a survey and a series of focus groups. Findings indicate that a segment of the Decision Scheme's intended audience is using the materials and learning from them, and they have had a positive influence on their triage practices. However, many of the individuals who participated in this research are not using the Decision Scheme and indicated that the materials have not affected their triage practices. Findings presented in this article can be used to inform development and distribution of additional Decision Scheme educational resources to ensure they reach a greater proportion of EMS professionals and to inform other education and dissemination efforts with the EMS community.

  11. Dependence of Attenuation of Common Mode Radiation from Indoor Power Line Communication System on Structure of Reinforced Concrete Wall

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wu, Ifong; Ishigami, Shinobu; Gotoh, Kaoru; Matsumoto, Yasushi

    The attenuation effect of the walls of a building on the electromagnetic (EM) field generated by an indoor power line communication (PLC) system is numerically investigated using the finite integration (FI) method. In particular, we focus on the frequency range 2-6MHz, for which the attenuation effect has not yet been sufficiently analyzed. We model a single, finite-sized wall instead of an entire house, to focus on the dependence of the EM field on the wall structure and also reduce the computational resources required. The EM field strength is evaluated at many points on a view plane 10m from the wall model, and the results are statistically processed to determine the attenuation effect of the wall. We show that the leakage of an EM field at 2-6MHz is suppressed by about 30dB by a reinforced concrete wall. We also show that the main contributor to the attenuation effect is the rebar in the wall. We then investigate the relation between the attenuation effect of a single-wall model and that of a house model. The results show that the attenuation effect of a house model is almost the same as that of a 15-m-wall model. We conclude that the use of a single-wall model instead of a house model is effective in determining the attenuation of the EM leakage. This simple structure reduces analytic space, time, and memory in the evaluation of the dependence on the wall structure of the EM leakage from indoor PLC systems.

  12. Future ultra-speed tube-flight

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Salter, Robert M.

    1994-05-01

    Future long-link, ultra-speed, surface transport systems will require electromagnetically (EM) driven and restrained vehicles operating under reduced-atmosphere in very straight tubes. Such tube-flight trains will be safe, energy conservative, pollution-free, and in a protected environment. Hypersonic (and even hyperballistic) speeds are theoretically achievable. Ultimate system choices will represent tradeoffs between amoritized capital costs (ACC) and operating costs. For example, long coasting links might employ aerodynamic lift coupled with EM restraint and drag make-up. Optimized, combined EM lift, and thrust vectors could reduce energy costs but at increased ACC. (Repulsive levitation can produce lift-over-drag l/d ratios a decade greater than aerodynamic), Alternatively, vehicle-emanated, induced-mirror fields in a conducting (aluminum sheet) road bed could reduce ACC but at substantial energy costs. Ultra-speed tube flight will demand fast-acting, high-precision sensors and computerized magnetic shimming. This same control system can maintain a magnetic 'guide way' invariant in inertial space with inertial detectors imbedded in tube structures to sense and correct for earth tremors. Ultra-speed tube flight can complete with aircraft for transit time and can provide even greater passenger convenience by single-model connections with local subways and feeder lines. Although cargo transport generally will not need to be performed at ultra speeds, such speeds may well be desirable for high throughput to optimize channel costs. Thus, a large and expensive pipeline might be replaced with small EM-driven pallets at high speeds.

  13. Electromagnetic Signals Following Stellar-mass Black Hole Mergers

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    de Mink, S. E.; King, A.

    2017-04-01

    It is often assumed that gravitational-wave (GW) events resulting from the merger of stellar-mass black holes are unlikely to produce electromagnetic (EM) counterparts. We point out that the progenitor binary has probably shed a mass ≳10 M ⊙ during its prior evolution. If even a tiny fraction of this gas is retained in a circumbinary disk, the sudden mass loss and recoil of the merged black hole shocks and heats it within hours of the GW event. Whether the resulting EM signal is detectable is uncertain. The optical depth through the disk is likely to be high enough that the prompt emission consists only of photons from its optically thin skin, while the majority may take years to emerge. However, if some mechanism can release more photons in a time comparable to the few-hour energy production time, the peak luminosity of the EM signal could be detectable. For a disk retaining only ˜10-3 of the mass shed in the earlier binary evolution, medium-energy X-rays to infrared emission would be observable hours after the GW event for source distances of ˜500 Mpc. Events like this may already have been observed, but ascribed to unidentified active galactic nuclei. Improved sky localization should eventually allow identification based on spatial coincidence. A detection would provide unique constraints on formation scenarios and potentially offer tests of strong-field general relativity. Accordingly, we argue that the high scientific payoff of an EM detection fully justifies search campaigns.

  14. Future ultra-speed tube-flight

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Salter, Robert M.

    1994-01-01

    Future long-link, ultra-speed, surface transport systems will require electromagnetically (EM) driven and restrained vehicles operating under reduced-atmosphere in very straight tubes. Such tube-flight trains will be safe, energy conservative, pollution-free, and in a protected environment. Hypersonic (and even hyperballistic) speeds are theoretically achievable. Ultimate system choices will represent tradeoffs between amoritized capital costs (ACC) and operating costs. For example, long coasting links might employ aerodynamic lift coupled with EM restraint and drag make-up. Optimized, combined EM lift, and thrust vectors could reduce energy costs but at increased ACC. (Repulsive levitation can produce lift-over-drag l/d ratios a decade greater than aerodynamic), Alternatively, vehicle-emanated, induced-mirror fields in a conducting (aluminum sheet) road bed could reduce ACC but at substantial energy costs. Ultra-speed tube flight will demand fast-acting, high-precision sensors and computerized magnetic shimming. This same control system can maintain a magnetic 'guide way' invariant in inertial space with inertial detectors imbedded in tube structures to sense and correct for earth tremors. Ultra-speed tube flight can complete with aircraft for transit time and can provide even greater passenger convenience by single-model connections with local subways and feeder lines. Although cargo transport generally will not need to be performed at ultra speeds, such speeds may well be desirable for high throughput to optimize channel costs. Thus, a large and expensive pipeline might be replaced with small EM-driven pallets at high speeds.

  15. NCEP Air Quality Forecast(AQF). Web designed by Binbin Zhou,

    Science.gov Websites

    NOAA/NWS/NCEP/EMC 2D Fields 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 Select speed: normal 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Select Cycle: 12Z

  16. Functionalized anatomical models for EM-neuron Interaction modeling

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Neufeld, Esra; Cassará, Antonino Mario; Montanaro, Hazael; Kuster, Niels; Kainz, Wolfgang

    2016-06-01

    The understanding of interactions between electromagnetic (EM) fields and nerves are crucial in contexts ranging from therapeutic neurostimulation to low frequency EM exposure safety. To properly consider the impact of in vivo induced field inhomogeneity on non-linear neuronal dynamics, coupled EM-neuronal dynamics modeling is required. For that purpose, novel functionalized computable human phantoms have been developed. Their implementation and the systematic verification of the integrated anisotropic quasi-static EM solver and neuronal dynamics modeling functionality, based on the method of manufactured solutions and numerical reference data, is described. Electric and magnetic stimulation of the ulnar and sciatic nerve were modeled to help understanding a range of controversial issues related to the magnitude and optimal determination of strength-duration (SD) time constants. The results indicate the importance of considering the stimulation-specific inhomogeneous field distributions (especially at tissue interfaces), realistic models of non-linear neuronal dynamics, very short pulses, and suitable SD extrapolation models. These results and the functionalized computable phantom will influence and support the development of safe and effective neuroprosthetic devices and novel electroceuticals. Furthermore they will assist the evaluation of existing low frequency exposure standards for the entire population under all exposure conditions.

  17. Endogenous electromagnetic fields in plant leaves: a new hypothesis for vascular pattern formation.

    PubMed

    Pietak, Alexis Mari

    2011-06-01

    Electromagnetic (EM) phenomena have long been implicated in biological development, but few detailed, practical mechanisms have been put forth to connect electromagnetism with morphogenetic processes. This work describes a new hypothesis for plant leaf veination, whereby an endogenous electric field forming as a result of a coherent Frohlich process, and corresponding to an EM resonant mode of the developing leaf structure, is capable of instigating leaf vascularisation. In order to test the feasibility of this hypothesis, a three-dimensional, EM finite-element model (FEM) of a leaf primordium was constructed to determine if suitable resonant modes were physically possible for geometric and physical parameters similar to those of developing leaf tissue. Using the FEM model, resonant EM modes with patterns of relevance to developing leaf vein modalities were detected. On account of the existence of shared geometric signatures in a leaf's vascular pattern and the electric field component of EM resonant modes supported by a developing leaf structure, further theoretical and experimental investigations are warranted. Significantly, this hypothesis is not limited to leaf vascular patterning, but may be applicable to a variety of morphogenetic phenomena in a number of living systems.

  18. Force, torque, linear momentum, and angular momentum in classical electr odynamics

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Mansuripur, Masud

    2017-10-01

    The classical theory of electrodynamics is built upon Maxwell's equations and the concepts of electromagnetic (EM) field, force, energy, and momentum, which are intimately tied together by Poynting's theorem and by the Lorentz force law. Whereas Maxwell's equations relate the fields to their material sources, Poynting's theorem governs the flow of EM energy and its exchange between fields and material media, while the Lorentz law regulates the back-and-forth transfer of momentum between the media and the fields. An alternative force law, first proposed by Einstein and Laub, exists that is consistent with Maxwell's equations and complies with the conservation laws as well as with the requirements of special relativity. While the Lorentz law requires the introduction of hidden energy and hidden momentum in situations where an electric field acts on a magnetized medium, the Einstein-Laub (E-L) formulation of EM force and torque does not invoke hidden entities under such circumstances. Moreover, total force/torque exerted by EM fields on any given object turns out to be independent of whether the density of force/torque is evaluated using the law of Lorentz or that of Einstein and Laub. Hidden entities aside, the two formulations differ only in their predicted force and torque distributions inside matter. Such differences in distribution are occasionally measurable, and could serve as a guide in deciding which formulation, if either, corresponds to physical reality.

  19. Influence of electromagnetic signal of antibiotics excited by low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields on growth of Escherichia coli.

    PubMed

    Ke, Yin-Lung; Chang, Fu-Yu; Chen, Ming-Kun; Li, Shun-Lai; Jang, Ling-Sheng

    2013-01-01

    Energy medicine (EM) provides a new medical choice for patients, and its advantages are the noninvasive detection and nondrug treatment. An electromagnetic signal, a kind of EM, induced from antibiotic coupling with weak, extremely low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) is utilized for investigating the growth speed of Escherichia coli (E. coli). PEMFs are produced by solenoidal coils for coupling the electromagnetic signal of antibiotics (penicillin). The growth retardation rate (GRR) of E. coli is used to investigate the efficacy of the electromagnetic signal of antibiotics. The E. coli is cultivated in the exposure of PEMFs coupling with the electromagnetic signal of antibiotics. The maximum GRR of PEMFs with and without the electromagnetic signal of antibiotics on the growth of E. coli cells in the logarithmic is 17.4 and 9.08%, respectively. The electromagnetic signal of antibiotics is successfully coupled by the electromagnetic signal coupling instrument to affect the growth of E. coli. In addition, the retardation effect on E. coli growth can be improved of by changing the carrier frequency of PEMFs coupling with the electromagnetic signal of antibiotics. GRR caused by the electromagnetic signal of antibiotics can be fixed by a different carrier frequency in a different phase of E. coli growth.

  20. Electromagnetic perturbations of black holes in general relativity coupled to nonlinear electrodynamics

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Toshmatov, Bobir; Stuchlík, Zdeněk; Schee, Jan; Ahmedov, Bobomurat

    2018-04-01

    The electromagnetic (EM) perturbations of the black hole solutions in general relativity coupled to nonlinear electrodynamics (NED) are studied for both electrically and magnetically charged black holes, assuming that the EM perturbations do not alter the spacetime geometry. It is shown that the effective potentials of the electrically and magnetically charged black holes related to test perturbative NED EM fields are related to the effective metric governing the photon motion, contrary to the effective potential of the linear electrodynamic (Maxwell) field that is related to the spacetime metric. Consequently, corresponding quasinormal (QN) frequencies differ as well. As a special case, we study new family of the NED black hole solutions which tend in the weak field limit to the Maxwell field, giving the Reissner-Nordström (RN) black hole solution. We compare the NED Maxwellian black hole QN spectra with the RN black hole QN spectra.

  1. Experimental Reconstructions of Surface Temperature using the PAGES 2k Network

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wang, Jianghao; Emile-Geay, Julien; Vaccaro, Adam; Guillot, Dominique; Rajaratnam, Bala

    2014-05-01

    Climate field reconstructions (CFRs) of the Common Era provide uniquely detailed characterizations of natural, low-frequency climate variability beyond the instrumental era. However, the accuracy and robustness of global-scale CFRs remains an open question. For instance, Wang et al. (2013) showed that CFRs are greatly method-dependent, highlighting the danger of forming dynamical interpretations based on a single reconstruction (e.g. Mann et al., 2009). This study will present a set of new reconstructions of global surface temperature and compare them with existing reconstructions from the IPCC AR5. The reconstructions are derived using the PAGES 2k network, which is composed of 501 high-resolution temperature-sensitive proxies from eight continental-scale regions (PAGES2K Consortium, 2013). Four CFR techniques are used to produce reconstructions, including RegEM-TTLS, the Mann et al. (2009) implementation of RegEM-TTLS (hereinafter M09-TTLS), CCA (Smerdon et al., 2010) and GraphEM (Guillot et al., submitted). First, we show that CFRs derived from the PAGES 2k network exhibit greater inter-method similarities than the same methods applied to the proxy network of Mann et al. (2009) (hereinafter M09 network). For instance, reconstructed NH mean temperature series using the PAGES 2k network are in better agreement over the last millennium than the M09-based reconstructions. Remarkably, for the reconstructed temperature difference between the Medieval Climate Anomaly and the Little Ice Age, the spatial patterns of the M09-based reconstructions are greatly divergent amongst methods. On the other hand, not a single PAGES 2k-based CFR displays the La Niña-like pattern found in Mann et al. (2009); rather, no systematic pattern emerges between the two epochs. Next, we quantify uncertainties associated with the PAGES 2k-based CFRs via ensemble methods, and show that GraphEM and CCA are less sensitive to random noise than RegEM-TTLS and M09-TTLS, consistent with pseudoproxy studies (Wang et al., 2014). The updated set of reconstructions, with uncertainties, will provide a broader context for the evaluation of the unusual character of the 20th century warming. The reconstructions will also be used to constrain fingerprinting analyses, which is particularly useful in discriminating between externally forced signals and internal variability. Reference: Guillot, D., B. Rajaratnam, and J. Emile-Geay, Statistical paleoclimate reconstructions via markov random fields, Ann. Appl. Stat., submitted. Mann, M. E., Z. Zhang, S. Rutherford, R. S. Bradley, M. K. Hughes, D. Shindell, C. Ammann, G. Faluvegi, and F. Ni, Global signatures and dynamical origins of the little ice age and medieval climate anomaly, Science, 326 (5957), 1256-1260, 2009. PAGES2K Consortium, Continental-scale temperature variability during the past two millennia, Nature Geosci, 6(5), 339-346, 2013. Smerdon, J. E., A. Kaplan, D. Chang, and M. N. Evans, A pseudoproxy evaluation of the CCA and RegEM methods for reconstructing climate fields of the last millennium*, J. Clim., 23(18), 4856-4880, 2010. Wang, J., J. Emile-Geay, A. D. Vaccaro, and D. Guillot, Fragility of estimated spatial temperature patterns in climate field reconstructions of the Common Era, Abstract PP41B-03 presented at Fall Meeting, AGU, San Francisco, Calif., 2013. Wang, J., J. Emile-Geay, D. Guillot, J. Smerdon, and B. Rajaratnam, Evaluating climate field reconstruction techniques using improved emulations of real-world conditions, Clim.Past, 10(1), 1-19, 2014.

  2. Electroporation of cells using EM induction of ac fields by a magnetic stimulator

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chen, C.; Evans, J. A.; Robinson, M. P.; Smye, S. W.; O'Toole, P.

    2010-02-01

    This paper describes a method of effectively electroporating mammalian cell membranes with pulsed alternating-current (ac) electric fields at field strengths of 30-160 kV m-1. Although many in vivo electroporation protocols entail applying square wave or monotonically decreasing pulses via needles or electrode plates, relatively few have explored the use of pulsed ac fields. Following our previous study, which established the effectiveness of ac fields for electroporating cell membranes, a primary/secondary coil system was constructed to produce sufficiently strong electric fields by electromagnetic induction. The primary coil was formed from the applicator of an established transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) system, while the secondary coil was a purpose-built device of a design which could eventually be implanted into tissue. The effects of field strength, pulse interval and cumulative exposure time were investigated using microscopy and flow cytometry. Results from experiments on concentrated cell suspensions showed an optimized electroporation efficiency of around 50%, demonstrating that electroporation can be practicably achieved by inducing such pulsed ac fields. This finding confirms the possibility of a wide range of in vivo applications based on magnetically coupled ac electroporation.

  3. Matter in the form of toroidal electromagnetic vortices

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hagen, Wilhelm F.

    2015-09-01

    The creation of charged elementary particles from neutral photons is explained as a conversion process of electromagnetic (EM) energy from linear to circular motion at the speed of light into two localized, toroidal shaped vortices of trapped EM energy that resist change of motion, perceptible as particles with inertia and hence mass. The photon can be represented as a superposition of left and right circular polarized transverse electric fields of opposite polarity originating from a common zero potential axis, the optical axis of the photon. If these components are separated by interaction with a strong field (nucleon) they would curl up into two electromagnetic vortices (EMV) due to longitudinal magnetic field components forming toroids. These vortices are perceptible as opposite charged elementary particles e+/- . These spinning toroids generate extended oscillating fields that interact with stationary field oscillations. The velocity-dependent frequency differences cause beat signals equivalent to matter waves, leading to interference. The extended fields entangled with every particle explain wave particle duality issues. Spin and magnetic moment are the natural outcome of these gyrating particles. As the energy and hence mass of the electron increases with acceleration so does its size shrink proportional to its reduced wavelength. The artificial weak and strong nuclear forces can be easily explained as different manifestations of the intermediate EM forces. The unstable neutron consists of a proton surrounded by a contracted and captured electron. The associated radial EM forces represent the weak nuclear force. The deuteron consists of two axially separated protons held together by a centrally captured electron. The axial EM forces represent the strong nuclear force, providing stability for "neutrons" only within nucleons. The same principles were applied to determine the geometries of force-balanced nuclei. The alpha-particle emerges as a very compact symmetric cuboid that provides a unique building block to assemble the isotopic chart. Exotic neutron- 4 appears viable which may explain dark matter. The recognition that all heavy particles, including the protons, are related to electrons via muons and pions explains the identity of all charges to within 10-36. Greater deviations would overpower gravitation. Gravitation can be traced to EM vacuum fluctuations generated by standing EM waves between interacting particles. On that basis, gravity can be correlated via microscopic quantities to the age of the universe of 13.5 billion years. All forces and particles and potentially dark matter and dark energy are different manifestations of EM energy.

  4. SU-F-BRA-03: Integrating Novel Electromagnetic Tracking Hollow Needle Assistance in Permanent Implant Brachytherapy Procedures

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Racine, E; Hautvast, G; Binnekamp, D

    Purpose: To report on the results of a complete permanent implant brachytherapy procedure assisted by an electromagnetic (EM) hollow needle possessing both 3D tracking and seed drop detection abilities. Methods: End-to-end in-phantom EM-assisted LDR procedures were conducted. The novel system consisted of an EM tracking apparatus (NDI Aurora V2, Planar Field Generator), a 3D US scanner (Philips CX50), a hollow needle prototype allowing 3D tracking and seed drop detection and a specially designed treatment planning software (Philips Healthcare). A tungsten-doped 30 cc spherical agarose prostate immersed in gelatin was used for the treatment. A cylindrical shape of 0.8 cc wasmore » carved along its diameter to mimic the urethra. An initial plan of 26 needles and 47 seeds was established with the system. The plan was delivered with the EM-tracked hollow needle, and individual seed drop locations were recorded on the fly. The phantom was subsequently imaged with a CT scanner from which seed positions and contour definitions were obtained. The DVHs were then independently recomputed and compared with those produced by the planning system, both before and after the treatment. Results: Of the 47 seeds, 45 (96%) were detected by the EM technology embedded in the hollow needle design. The executed plan (from CT analysis) differed from the initial plan by 2%, 14% and 8% respectively in terms of V100, D90 and V150 for the prostate, and by 8%, 7% and 10% respectively in terms of D5, V100 and V120 for the urethra. Conclusion: The average DVH deviations between initial and executed plans were within a 5% tolerance imposed for this proof-of-concept assessment. This relatively good concordance demonstrates the feasibility and potential benefits of combining EM tracking and seed drop detection for real-time dosimetry validation and assistance in permanent implant brachytherapy procedures. This project has been entirely funded by Philips Healthcare.« less

  5. Using an EM Covariance Matrix to Estimate Structural Equation Models with Missing Data: Choosing an Adjusted Sample Size to Improve the Accuracy of Inferences

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Enders, Craig K.; Peugh, James L.

    2004-01-01

    Two methods, direct maximum likelihood (ML) and the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm, can be used to obtain ML parameter estimates for structural equation models with missing data (MD). Although the 2 methods frequently produce identical parameter estimates, it may be easier to satisfy missing at random assumptions using EM. However, no…

  6. Improved Understanding of In Situ Chemical Oxidation Soil Reactivity

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2007-12-01

    solution (potassium dichromate (BDH Laboratories), sulfuric acid (EM Science), and mercury sulphate (EM Science)) and a sulfuric acid reagent solution... sulfuric acid (EM Science) and silver sulphate (Alfa Aesar)) were added to each reaction tube. The reagents ( sulfuric acid /potassium dichromate...example, under basic conditions, sulfide can be oxidized to sulfate by excess permanganate while sulfur and tetrathionate might also be produced due

  7. FAST TRACK COMMUNICATION: Regularized Kerr-Newman solution as a gravitating soliton

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Burinskii, Alexander

    2010-10-01

    The charged, spinning and gravitating soliton is realized as a regular solution of the Kerr-Newman (KN) field coupled with a chiral Higgs model. A regular core of the solution is formed by a domain wall bubble interpolating between the external KN solution and a flat superconducting interior. An internal electromagnetic (em) field is expelled to the boundary of the bubble by the Higgs field. The solution reveals two new peculiarities: (i) the Higgs field is oscillating, similar to the known oscillon models; (ii) the em field forms on the edge of the bubble a Wilson loop, resulting in quantization of the total angular momentum.

  8. Towards an electro-magnetic field separation of deposited material implemented in an ion beam sputter process

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Malobabic, Sina; Jupe, Marco; Ristau, Detlev

    Nowadays, Ion Beam Sputter (IBS) processes are very well optimized on an empirical basis. To achieve further progresses, a modification of the IBS process by guiding the coating material using an axial magnetic field and an additional electrical field has been studied. The electro-magnetic (EM) field leads to a significant change in plasma properties and deposition rate distributions, whereas an increase in deposition rate along the centerline of the axial EM field around 150% was observed. These fundamental studies on the prototype are the basis for the development of an applicable and workable design of a separation device.

  9. Preparedness of Finnish Emergency Medical Services for Chemical Emergencies.

    PubMed

    Jama, Timo J; Kuisma, Markku J

    2016-08-01

    Introduction The preparedness level of Finnish Emergency Medical Services (EMS) for treating chemical emergencies is unknown. The aim of this study was to survey the preparedness level of EMS systems for managing and handling mass-casualty chemical incidents in the prehospital phase in Finland. Hypothesis The study hypothesis was that university hospital districts would have better clinical capability to treat patients than would central hospital districts in terms of the number of patients treated in the field within one hour after dispatching as well as patients transported to hospital within one hour or two hours after dispatching. This cross-sectional study was conducted as a Webropol (Wuppertal, Germany) survey. All hospital districts (n=20) in continental Finland were asked about their EMS preparedness level in terms of capability of treating and transporting chemically affected patients in the field. Their capability for decontamination of affected patients in the field was also inquired. University hospital district-based EMS systems had at least 20% better absolute clinical capacity than central hospital-based EMS systems for treating chemically affected patients concerning all treatments inquired about, except the capacity for non-invasive ventilation (NIV)/continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment in the field. Overall, there was a good level of preparedness for treating chemical accident patients with supplemental oxygen, bronchodilators, and inhaled corticosteroids. Preparedness for providing antidote therapy in cases of cyanide gas exposure was, in general, low. The variation among the hospital districts was remarkable. Only nine of 15 central hospital district EMS had a mobile decontamination unit available, whereas four of five university hospital districts had one. Emergency Medical Services capacity in Finland for treating chemically affected patients in the field needs to be improved, especially in terms of antidote therapy. Mobile decontamination units should be available in all hospital districts. Jama TJ , Kuisma MJ . Preparedness of Finnish Emergency Medical Services for chemical emergencies. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2016;31(4):392-396.

  10. Maryland's Helicopter Emergency Medical Services Experience From 2001 to 2011: System Improvements and Patients' Outcomes.

    PubMed

    Hirshon, Jon Mark; Galvagno, Samuel M; Comer, Angela; Millin, Michael G; Floccare, Douglas J; Alcorta, Richard L; Lawner, Benjamin J; Margolis, Asa M; Nable, Jose V; Bass, Robert R

    2016-03-01

    Helicopter emergency medical services (EMS) has become a well-established component of modern trauma systems. It is an expensive, limited resource with potential safety concerns. Helicopter EMS activation criteria intended to increase efficiency and reduce inappropriate use remain elusive and difficult to measure. This study evaluates the effect of statewide field trauma triage changes on helicopter EMS use and patient outcomes. Data were extracted from the helicopter EMS computer-aided dispatch database for in-state scene flights and from the state Trauma Registry for all trauma patients directly admitted from the scene or transferred to trauma centers from July 1, 2000, to June 30, 2011. Computer-aided dispatch flights were analyzed for periods corresponding to field triage protocol modifications intended to improve system efficiency. Outcomes were separately analyzed for trauma registry patients by mode of transport. The helicopter EMS computer-aided dispatch data set included 44,073 transports. There was a statewide decrease in helicopter EMS usage for trauma patients of 55.9%, differentially affecting counties closer to trauma centers. The Trauma Registry data set included 182,809 patients (37,407 helicopter transports, 128,129 ambulance transports, and 17,273 transfers). There was an increase of 21% in overall annual EMS scene trauma patients transported; ground transports increased by 33%, whereas helicopter EMS transports decreased by 49%. Helicopter EMS patient acuity increased, with an attendant increase in patient mortality. However, when standardized with W statistics, both helicopter EMS- and ground-transported trauma patients showed sustained improvement in mortality. Modifications to state protocols were associated with decreased helicopter EMS use and overall improved trauma patient outcomes. Copyright © 2015 American College of Emergency Physicians. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  11. Very high-frequency gravitational waves from magnetars and gamma-ray bursts

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wen, Hao; Li, Fang-Yu; Li, Jin; Fang, Zhen-Yun; Beckwith, Andrew

    2017-12-01

    Extremely powerful astrophysical electromagnetic (EM) systems could be possible sources of high-frequency gravitational waves (HFGWs). Here, based on properties of magnetars and gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), we address “Gamma-HFGWs” (with very high-frequency around 1020 Hz) caused by ultra-strong EM radiation (in the radiation-dominated phase of GRB fireballs) interacting with super-high magnetar surface magnetic fields (˜1011 T). By certain parameters of distance and power, the Gamma-HFGWs would have far field energy density Ω gw around 10-6, and they would cause perturbed signal EM waves of ˜10-20 W/m2 in a proposed HFGW detection system based on the EM response to GWs. Specially, Gamma-HFGWs would possess distinctive envelopes with characteristic shapes depending on the particular structures of surface magnetic fields of magnetars, which could be exclusive features helpful to distinguish them from background noise. Results obtained suggest that magnetars could be involved in possible astrophysical EM sources of GWs in the very high-frequency band, and Gamma-HFGWs could be potential targets for observations in the future. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (11605015, 11375279, 11205254, 11647307) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (106112017CDJXY300003, 106112017CDJXFLX0014)

  12. Supplement: Localization and broadband follow-up of the gravitational-wave transient GW150914

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Abbott, B. P.

    This Supplement provides supporting material for arXiv:1602.08492 . We briefly summarize past electromagnetic (EM) follow-up efforts as well as the organization and policy of the current EM follow-up program. Here, we compare the four probability sky maps produced for the gravitational-wave transient GW150914, and provide additional details of the EM follow-up observations that were performed in the different bands.

  13. Supplement: Localization and broadband follow-up of the gravitational-wave transient GW150914

    DOE PAGES

    Abbott, B. P.

    2016-07-20

    This Supplement provides supporting material for arXiv:1602.08492 . We briefly summarize past electromagnetic (EM) follow-up efforts as well as the organization and policy of the current EM follow-up program. Here, we compare the four probability sky maps produced for the gravitational-wave transient GW150914, and provide additional details of the EM follow-up observations that were performed in the different bands.

  14. Mapping Spatial Variability of Soil Salinity in a Coastal Paddy Field Based on Electromagnetic Sensors

    PubMed Central

    Guo, Yan; Huang, Jingyi; Shi, Zhou; Li, Hongyi

    2015-01-01

    In coastal China, there is an urgent need to increase land area for agricultural production and urban development, where there is a rapid growing population. One solution is land reclamation from coastal tidelands, but soil salinization is problematic. As such, it is very important to characterize and map the within-field variability of soil salinity in space and time. Conventional methods are often time-consuming, expensive, labor-intensive, and unpractical. Fortunately, proximal sensing has become an important technology in characterizing within-field spatial variability. In this study, we employed the EM38 to study spatial variability of soil salinity in a coastal paddy field. Significant correlation relationship between ECa and EC1:5 (i.e. r >0.9) allowed us to use EM38 data to characterize the spatial variability of soil salinity. Geostatistical methods were used to determine the horizontal spatio-temporal variability of soil salinity over three consecutive years. The study found that the distribution of salinity was heterogeneous and the leaching of salts was more significant in the edges of the study field. By inverting the EM38 data using a Quasi-3D inversion algorithm, the vertical spatio-temporal variability of soil salinity was determined and the leaching of salts over time was easily identified. The methodology of this study can be used as guidance for researchers interested in understanding soil salinity development as well as land managers aiming for effective soil salinity monitoring and management practices. In order to better characterize the variations in soil salinity to a deeper soil profile, the deeper mode of EM38 (i.e., EM38v) as well as other EMI instruments (e.g. DUALEM-421) can be incorporated to conduct Quasi-3D inversions for deeper soil profiles. PMID:26020969

  15. Mapping spatial variability of soil salinity in a coastal paddy field based on electromagnetic sensors.

    PubMed

    Guo, Yan; Huang, Jingyi; Shi, Zhou; Li, Hongyi

    2015-01-01

    In coastal China, there is an urgent need to increase land area for agricultural production and urban development, where there is a rapid growing population. One solution is land reclamation from coastal tidelands, but soil salinization is problematic. As such, it is very important to characterize and map the within-field variability of soil salinity in space and time. Conventional methods are often time-consuming, expensive, labor-intensive, and unpractical. Fortunately, proximal sensing has become an important technology in characterizing within-field spatial variability. In this study, we employed the EM38 to study spatial variability of soil salinity in a coastal paddy field. Significant correlation relationship between ECa and EC1:5 (i.e. r >0.9) allowed us to use EM38 data to characterize the spatial variability of soil salinity. Geostatistical methods were used to determine the horizontal spatio-temporal variability of soil salinity over three consecutive years. The study found that the distribution of salinity was heterogeneous and the leaching of salts was more significant in the edges of the study field. By inverting the EM38 data using a Quasi-3D inversion algorithm, the vertical spatio-temporal variability of soil salinity was determined and the leaching of salts over time was easily identified. The methodology of this study can be used as guidance for researchers interested in understanding soil salinity development as well as land managers aiming for effective soil salinity monitoring and management practices. In order to better characterize the variations in soil salinity to a deeper soil profile, the deeper mode of EM38 (i.e., EM38v) as well as other EMI instruments (e.g. DUALEM-421) can be incorporated to conduct Quasi-3D inversions for deeper soil profiles.

  16. The Characteristics of Electromagnetic Fields Induced by Different Type Sources

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Di, Q.; Fu, C.; Wang, R.; Xu, C.; An, Z.

    2011-12-01

    Controlled source audio-frequence magnetotelluric (CSAMT) method has played an important role in the shallow exploration (less than 1.5km) in the field of resources, environment and engineering geology. In order to prospect the deeper target, one has to increase the strength of the source and offset. However, the exploration is nearly impossible for the heavy larger power transmitting source used in the deeper prospecting and mountain area. So an EM method using a fixed large power source, such as long bipole current source, two perpendicular "L" shape long bipole current source and large radius circle current source, is beginning to take shape. In order to increase the strength of the source, the length of the transmitting bipole in one direction or in perpendicular directions has to be much larger, such as L=100km, or the radius of the circle current source is much larger. The electric field strength are IL2and IL2/4π separately for long bipole source and circle current source with the same wire length. Just considering the effectiveness of source, the strength of the circle current source is larger than that of long bipole source if is large enough. However, the strength of the electromagnetic signal doesn't totally depend on the transmitting source, the effect of ionosphere on the electromagnetic (EM) field should be considered when observation is carried at a very far (about several thousands kilometers) location away from the source for the long bipole source or the large radius circle current source. We firstly calculate the electromagnetic fields with the traditional controlled source (CSEM) configuration using the integral equation (IE) code developed by our research group for a three layers earth-ionosphere model which consists of ionosphere, atmosphere and earth media. The modeling results agree well with the half space analytical results because the effect of ionosphere for this small scale source can be ignorable, which means the integral equation method is reliable and effective for modeling models including ionosphere, atmosphere and earth media. In order to discuss EM fields' characters for complicate earth-ionosphere media excited by long bipole, "L" shape bipole and circle current sources in the far-field and wave-guide zones, we modeled the frequency responses and decay characters of EM fields for three layers earth-ionosphere model. Because of the effect of ionosphere, the earth-ionosphere electromagnetic fields' decay curves with given frequency show that the fields of Ex and Hy , excited by a long bipole and "L" shape bipole, can be divided into an extra wave-guide field with slower attenuation and strong amplititude than that in half space, but the EM fields of circle current source does not show the same characteristics, ionosphere makes the amplitude of the EM field weaker for the circle current source. For this reason, it is better to use long bipole source while working in the wave-guide field with a fixed large power source.

  17. Differential cardiorespiratory effects of endomorphin 1, endomorphin 2, DAMGO, and morphine.

    PubMed

    Czapla, M A; Gozal, D; Alea, O A; Beckerman, R C; Zadina, J E

    2000-09-01

    The novel endogenous mu-opioid receptor (MOR) agonists endomorphin 1 (EM1) and 2 (EM2) were tested for their cardiorespiratory effects in conscious, freely behaving rats. After systemic (intravenous) administration of EM1, EM2, or the selective MOR agonist DAMGO, analgesia, minute ventilation (V E), heart rate (HR) and mean arterial blood pressure (BP) were measured. The threshold dose for analgesia was similar for all 3 peptides ( approximately 900 nmol/kg). All 3 compounds elicited biphasic V E responses, with marked, short-lived V E depressions (4-6 s) followed by more sustained V E increases (10-12 min). However, compared with responses elicited by EM2 or DAMGO, EM1 decreased V E only at higher doses, and produced greater V E stimulation. Morphine produced a V E decrease, but no subsequent V E increase. EM2 and DAMGO decreased HR and BP, while EM1 decreased HR, but did not decrease BP in conscious rats at doses up to 9,600 nmol/kg. In anesthetized rats, all 3 peptides decreased HR and BP. The decreases in V E, HR, and BP were blocked by the MOR antagonist, naloxone HCI (NIx). Only the HR and BP responses, however, were blocked by naloxone-methiodide (MeNIx), indicating central mediation of V E responses and peripheral mediation of cardiovascular responses. We conclude that MOR-selective compounds vary in their cardiorespiratory response characteristics which could be linked to differential cellular actions. The results support the concept that the analgesic, respiratory, and cardiovascular effects of MOR agonists can be dissociated and that EM1-like compounds could provide the basis for novel, safer analgesics.

  18. Avoidance of tearing mode locking with electro-magnetic torque introduced by feedback-based mode rotation control in DIII-D and RFX-mod

    DOE PAGES

    Okabayashi, M.; Zanca, P.; Strait, E. J.; ...

    2016-11-25

    Disruptions caused by tearing modes (TMs) are considered to be one of the most critical roadblocks to achieving reliable, steady-state operation of tokamak fusion reactors. We have demonstrated a promising scheme to avoid mode locking by utilizing the electro-magnetic (EM) torque produced with 3D coils that are available in many tokamaks. In this scheme, the EM torque is delivered to the modes by a toroidal phase shift between the externally applied field and the excited TM fields, compensating for the mode momentum loss through the interaction with the resistive wall and uncorrected error fields. Fine control of torque balance ismore » provided by a feedback scheme. We have explored this approach in two widely different devices and plasma conditions: DIII-D and RFX-mod operated in tokamak mode. In DIII-D, the plasma target was high β N in a non-circular divertor tokamak. We define β N as β N = β/(I p /aB t) (%Tm/MA), where β, I p, a, B t are the total stored plasma pressure normalized by the magnetic pressure, plasma current, plasma minor radius and toroidal magnetic field at the plasma center, respectively. The RFX-mod plasma was ohmically-heated with ultra-low safety factor in a circular limiter discharge with active feedback coils outside the thick resistive shell. The DIII-D and RFX-mod experiments showed remarkable consistency with theoretical predictions of torque balance. The application to ignition-oriented devices such as the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) would expand the horizon of its operational regime. Finally, the internal 3D coil set currently under consideration for edge localized mode suppression in ITER would be well suited for this purpose.« less

  19. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Okabayashi, M.; Zanca, P.; Strait, E. J.

    Disruptions caused by tearing modes (TMs) are considered to be one of the most critical roadblocks to achieving reliable, steady-state operation of tokamak fusion reactors. We have demonstrated a promising scheme to avoid mode locking by utilizing the electro-magnetic (EM) torque produced with 3D coils that are available in many tokamaks. In this scheme, the EM torque is delivered to the modes by a toroidal phase shift between the externally applied field and the excited TM fields, compensating for the mode momentum loss through the interaction with the resistive wall and uncorrected error fields. Fine control of torque balance ismore » provided by a feedback scheme. We have explored this approach in two widely different devices and plasma conditions: DIII-D and RFX-mod operated in tokamak mode. In DIII-D, the plasma target was high β N in a non-circular divertor tokamak. We define β N as β N = β/(I p /aB t) (%Tm/MA), where β, I p, a, B t are the total stored plasma pressure normalized by the magnetic pressure, plasma current, plasma minor radius and toroidal magnetic field at the plasma center, respectively. The RFX-mod plasma was ohmically-heated with ultra-low safety factor in a circular limiter discharge with active feedback coils outside the thick resistive shell. The DIII-D and RFX-mod experiments showed remarkable consistency with theoretical predictions of torque balance. The application to ignition-oriented devices such as the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) would expand the horizon of its operational regime. Finally, the internal 3D coil set currently under consideration for edge localized mode suppression in ITER would be well suited for this purpose.« less

  20. Avoidance of tearing mode locking with electro-magnetic torque introduced by feedback-based mode rotation control in DIII-D and RFX-mod

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Okabayashi, M.; Zanca, P.; Strait, E. J.; Garofalo, A. M.; Hanson, J. M.; In, Y.; La Haye, R. J.; Marrelli, L.; Martin, P.; Paccagnella, R.; Paz-Soldan, C.; Piovesan, P.; Piron, C.; Piron, L.; Shiraki, D.; Volpe, F. A.; DIII-D, The; RFX-mod Teams

    2017-01-01

    Disruptions caused by tearing modes (TMs) are considered to be one of the most critical roadblocks to achieving reliable, steady-state operation of tokamak fusion reactors. Here we have demonstrated a promising scheme to avoid mode locking by utilizing the electro-magnetic (EM) torque produced with 3D coils that are available in many tokamaks. In this scheme, the EM torque is delivered to the modes by a toroidal phase shift between the externally applied field and the excited TM fields, compensating for the mode momentum loss through the interaction with the resistive wall and uncorrected error fields. Fine control of torque balance is provided by a feedback scheme. We have explored this approach in two widely different devices and plasma conditions: DIII-D and RFX-mod operated in tokamak mode. In DIII-D, the plasma target was high β N in a non-circular divertor tokamak. Here β N is defined as β N  =  β/(I p /aB t) (%Tm/MA), where β, I p, a, B t are the total stored plasma pressure normalized by the magnetic pressure, plasma current, plasma minor radius and toroidal magnetic field at the plasma center, respectively. The RFX-mod plasma was ohmically-heated with ultra-low safety factor in a circular limiter discharge with active feedback coils outside the thick resistive shell. The DIII-D and RFX-mod experiments showed remarkable consistency with theoretical predictions of torque balance. The application to ignition-oriented devices such as the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) would expand the horizon of its operational regime. The internal 3D coil set currently under consideration for edge localized mode suppression in ITER would be well suited for this purpose.

  1. Visual cues to geographical orientation during low-level flight

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Battiste, Vernol; Delzell, Suzanne

    1991-01-01

    A field study of an operational Emergency Medical Service (EMS) unit was conducted to investigate the relationships among geographical orientation, pilot decision making, and workload in EMS flights. The map data collected during this study were compared to protocols gathered in the laboratory, where pilots viewed a simulated flight over different types of unfamiliar terrain and verbally identified the features utilized to maintain geographical orientation. The EMS pilot's questionnaire data were compared with data from non-EMS helicopter pilots with comparable flight experience.

  2. Electromagnetic Signals Following Stellar-mass Black Hole Mergers

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Mink, S. E. de; King, A., E-mail: S.E.deMink@uva.nl, E-mail: ark@leicester.ac.uk

    It is often assumed that gravitational-wave (GW) events resulting from the merger of stellar-mass black holes are unlikely to produce electromagnetic (EM) counterparts. We point out that the progenitor binary has probably shed a mass ≳10 M {sub ⊙} during its prior evolution. If even a tiny fraction of this gas is retained in a circumbinary disk, the sudden mass loss and recoil of the merged black hole shocks and heats it within hours of the GW event. Whether the resulting EM signal is detectable is uncertain. The optical depth through the disk is likely to be high enough thatmore » the prompt emission consists only of photons from its optically thin skin, while the majority may take years to emerge. However, if some mechanism can release more photons in a time comparable to the few-hour energy production time, the peak luminosity of the EM signal could be detectable. For a disk retaining only ∼10{sup −3} of the mass shed in the earlier binary evolution, medium-energy X-rays to infrared emission would be observable hours after the GW event for source distances of ∼500 Mpc. Events like this may already have been observed, but ascribed to unidentified active galactic nuclei. Improved sky localization should eventually allow identification based on spatial coincidence. A detection would provide unique constraints on formation scenarios and potentially offer tests of strong-field general relativity. Accordingly, we argue that the high scientific payoff of an EM detection fully justifies search campaigns.« less

  3. Joint 3D Inversion of ZTEM Airborne and Ground MT Data with Application to Geothermal Exploration

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wannamaker, P. E.; Maris, V.; Kordy, M. A.

    2017-12-01

    ZTEM is an airborne electromagnetic (EM) geophysical technique developed by Geotech Inc® where naturally propagated EM fields originating with regional and global lightning discharges (sferics) are measured as a means of inferring subsurface electrical resistivity structure. A helicopter-borne coil platform (bird) measuring the vertical component of magnetic (H) field variations along a flown profile is referenced to a pair of horizontal coils at a fixed location on the ground in order to estimate a tensor H-field transfer function. The ZTEM method is distinct from the traditional magnetotelluric (MT) method in that the electric (E) fields are not considered because of the technological challenge of measuring E-fields in the dielectric air medium. This can lend some non-uniqueness to ZTEM interpretation because a range of conductivity structures in the earth depending upon an assumed background earth resistivity model can fit ZTEM data to within tolerance. MT data do not suffer this particular problem, but they are cumbersome to acquire in their common need for land-based transport often in near-roadless areas and for laying out and digging the electrodes and H coils. The complementary nature of ZTEM and MT logistics and resolution has motivated development of schemes to acquire appropriate amounts of each data type in a single survey and to produce an earth image through joint inversion. In particular, consideration is given to surveys where only sparse MT soundings are needed to drastically reduce the non-uniqueness associated with background uncertainty while straining logistics minimally. Synthetic and field data are analysed using 2D and 3D finite element platforms developed for this purpose. Results to date suggest that indeed dense ZTEM surveys can provide detailed heterogeneous model images with large-scale averages constrained by a modest number of MT soundings. Further research is needed in determining the allowable degree of MT sparseness and the relative weighting of the two data sets in joint inversion.

  4. Imaging of conductivity distributions using audio-frequency electromagnetic data

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Lee, Ki Ha; Morrison, H.F.

    1990-10-01

    The objective of this study has been to develop mathematical methods for mapping conductivity distributions between boreholes using low frequency electromagnetic (em) data. In relation to this objective this paper presents two recent developments in high-resolution crosshole em imaging techniques. These are (1) audio-frequency diffusion tomography, and (2) a transform method in which low frequency data is first transformed into a wave-like field. The idea in the second approach is that we can then treat the transformed field using conventional techniques designed for wave field analysis.

  5. Causal mechanisms of seismo-EM phenomena during the 1965-1967 Matsushiro earthquake swarm.

    PubMed

    Enomoto, Yuji; Yamabe, Tsuneaki; Okumura, Nobuo

    2017-03-21

    The 1965-1967 Matsushiro earthquake swarm in central Japan exhibited two unique characteristics. The first was a hydro-mechanical crust rupture resulting from degassing, volume expansion of CO 2 /water, and a crack opening within the critically stressed crust under a strike-slip stress. The other was, despite the lower total seismic energy, the occurrence of complexed seismo-electromagnetic (seismo-EM) phenomena of the geomagnetic intensity increase, unusual earthquake lights (EQLs) and atmospheric electric field (AEF) variations. Although the basic rupture process of this swarm of earthquakes is reasonably understood in terms of hydro-mechanical crust rupture, the associated seismo-EM processes remain largely unexplained. Here, we describe a series of seismo-EM mechanisms involved in the hydro-mechanical rupture process, as observed by coupling the electric interaction of rock rupture with CO 2 gas and the dielectric-barrier discharge of the modelled fields in laboratory experiments. We found that CO 2 gases passing through the newly created fracture surface of the rock were electrified to generate pressure-impressed current/electric dipoles, which could induce a magnetic field following Biot-Savart's law, decrease the atmospheric electric field and generate dielectric-barrier discharge lightning affected by the coupling effect between the seismic and meteorological activities.

  6. Causal mechanisms of seismo-EM phenomena during the 1965–1967 Matsushiro earthquake swarm

    PubMed Central

    Enomoto, Yuji; Yamabe, Tsuneaki; Okumura, Nobuo

    2017-01-01

    The 1965–1967 Matsushiro earthquake swarm in central Japan exhibited two unique characteristics. The first was a hydro-mechanical crust rupture resulting from degassing, volume expansion of CO2/water, and a crack opening within the critically stressed crust under a strike-slip stress. The other was, despite the lower total seismic energy, the occurrence of complexed seismo-electromagnetic (seismo-EM) phenomena of the geomagnetic intensity increase, unusual earthquake lights (EQLs) and atmospheric electric field (AEF) variations. Although the basic rupture process of this swarm of earthquakes is reasonably understood in terms of hydro-mechanical crust rupture, the associated seismo-EM processes remain largely unexplained. Here, we describe a series of seismo-EM mechanisms involved in the hydro-mechanical rupture process, as observed by coupling the electric interaction of rock rupture with CO2 gas and the dielectric-barrier discharge of the modelled fields in laboratory experiments. We found that CO2 gases passing through the newly created fracture surface of the rock were electrified to generate pressure-impressed current/electric dipoles, which could induce a magnetic field following Biot-Savart’s law, decrease the atmospheric electric field and generate dielectric-barrier discharge lightning affected by the coupling effect between the seismic and meteorological activities. PMID:28322263

  7. Causal mechanisms of seismo-EM phenomena during the 1965-1967 Matsushiro earthquake swarm

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Enomoto, Yuji; Yamabe, Tsuneaki; Okumura, Nobuo

    2017-03-01

    The 1965-1967 Matsushiro earthquake swarm in central Japan exhibited two unique characteristics. The first was a hydro-mechanical crust rupture resulting from degassing, volume expansion of CO2/water, and a crack opening within the critically stressed crust under a strike-slip stress. The other was, despite the lower total seismic energy, the occurrence of complexed seismo-electromagnetic (seismo-EM) phenomena of the geomagnetic intensity increase, unusual earthquake lights (EQLs) and atmospheric electric field (AEF) variations. Although the basic rupture process of this swarm of earthquakes is reasonably understood in terms of hydro-mechanical crust rupture, the associated seismo-EM processes remain largely unexplained. Here, we describe a series of seismo-EM mechanisms involved in the hydro-mechanical rupture process, as observed by coupling the electric interaction of rock rupture with CO2 gas and the dielectric-barrier discharge of the modelled fields in laboratory experiments. We found that CO2 gases passing through the newly created fracture surface of the rock were electrified to generate pressure-impressed current/electric dipoles, which could induce a magnetic field following Biot-Savart’s law, decrease the atmospheric electric field and generate dielectric-barrier discharge lightning affected by the coupling effect between the seismic and meteorological activities.

  8. Calculated shape dependence of electromagnetic field in tip-enhanced Raman scattering by using a monopole antenna model

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kitahama, Yasutaka; Itoh, Tamitake; Suzuki, Toshiaki

    2018-05-01

    To evaluate the shape of an Ag tip with regard to tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS) signal, the enhanced electromagnetic (EM) field and scattering spectrum, arising from surface plasmon resonance at the apex of the tip, were calculated using a finite-difference time domain (FDTD) method. In the calculated forward scattering spectra from the smooth Ag tip, the band appeared within the visible region, similar to the experimental results and calculation for a corrugated Ag cone. In the FDTD calculation of TERS, the Ag tip acting as a monopole antenna was adopted by insertion of a perfect electric conductor between the root of the tip and a top boundary surface of the calculation space. As a result, the EM field was only enhanced at the apex. The shape dependence i.e. the EM field calculated at the apex with various curvatures on the different tapered tips, obtained using the monopole antenna model, was different from that simulated using a conventional dipole antenna model.

  9. Cooperation. An alternative to consolidation or bankruptcy.

    PubMed

    Cady, G

    1994-04-01

    With all the recent consolidation and doomsaying within the EMS industry, the music from the movie "Jaws" is likely playing a constant refrain in the minds of many smaller EMS providers. The word from the consolidators--those large companies buying up small and midsized ambulance services--is that health maintenance organizations (HMOs) soon will be purchasing EMS and other "out-of-hospital" services and that since HMOs are for-profit institutions, they will be looking for the least expensive EMS delivery system. The consolidators and others with a stake in the new order assert that cost-effective services can only be produced by large national EMS companies; smaller companies will be left out in the cold. But will they?

  10. Absolute vs. relative error characterization of electromagnetic tracking accuracy

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Matinfar, Mohammad; Narayanasamy, Ganesh; Gutierrez, Luis; Chan, Raymond; Jain, Ameet

    2010-02-01

    Electromagnetic (EM) tracking systems are often used for real time navigation of medical tools in an Image Guided Therapy (IGT) system. They are specifically advantageous when the medical device requires tracking within the body of a patient where line of sight constraints prevent the use of conventional optical tracking. EM tracking systems are however very sensitive to electromagnetic field distortions. These distortions, arising from changes in the electromagnetic environment due to the presence of conductive ferromagnetic surgical tools or other medical equipment, limit the accuracy of EM tracking, in some cases potentially rendering tracking data unusable. We present a mapping method for the operating region over which EM tracking sensors are used, allowing for characterization of measurement errors, in turn providing physicians with visual feedback about measurement confidence or reliability of localization estimates. In this instance, we employ a calibration phantom to assess distortion within the operating field of the EM tracker and to display in real time the distribution of measurement errors, as well as the location and extent of the field associated with minimal spatial distortion. The accuracy is assessed relative to successive measurements. Error is computed for a reference point and consecutive measurement errors are displayed relative to the reference in order to characterize the accuracy in near-real-time. In an initial set-up phase, the phantom geometry is calibrated by registering the data from a multitude of EM sensors in a non-ferromagnetic ("clean") EM environment. The registration results in the locations of sensors with respect to each other and defines the geometry of the sensors in the phantom. In a measurement phase, the position and orientation data from all sensors are compared with the known geometry of the sensor spacing, and localization errors (displacement and orientation) are computed. Based on error thresholds provided by the operator, the spatial distribution of localization errors are clustered and dynamically displayed as separate confidence zones within the operating region of the EM tracker space.

  11. Exposures involving perturbations of the EM field have non-linear effects on radiation response and can alter the expression of radiation induced bystander effects

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Mothersill, Carmel; Seymour, Colin

    2012-07-01

    Our recent data suggest there is a physical component to the bystander signal induced by radiation exposure and that alternative medicine techniques such as Reiki and acupuncture or exposures to weak EM fields alter the response of cells to direct irradiation and either altered bystander signal production or altered the response of cells receiving bystander signals. Our proposed mechanism to explain these findings is that perturbation of electromagnetic (EM) fields is central to the induction of low radiation dose responses especially non-targeted bystander effects. In this presentation we review the alternative medicine data and other data sets from our laboratory which test our hypothesis that perturbation of bio-fields will modulate radiation response in the low dose region. The other data sets include exposure to MRI, shielding using lead and or Faraday cages, the use of physical barriers to bystander signal transmission and the use of membrane channel blockers. The data taken together strongly suggest that EM field perturbation can modulate low dose response and that in fact the EM field rather than the targeted deposition of ionizing energy in the DNA may be the key determinant of dose response in a cell or organism The results also lead us to suspect that at least when chemical transmission is blocked, bystander signals can be transmitted by other means. Our recent experiments suggest light signals and volatiles are not likely. We conclude that alternative medicine and other techniques involving electromagnetic perturbations can modify the response of cells to low doses of ionizing radiation and can induce bystander effects similar to those seen in medium transfer experiments. In addition to the obvious implications for mechanistic studies of low dose effects, this could perhaps provide a novel target to exploit in space radiation protection and in optimizing therapeutic gain during radiotherapy.

  12. Injuries to emergency medicine residents on EMS rotations.

    PubMed

    Cone, D C; McNamara, R M

    1998-01-01

    To study the incidence and nature of injuries sustained by emergency medicine (EM) residents during EMS rotations, and steps taken at EM residency programs to increase resident safety during field activities. An eight-question survey form was mailed to all 114 U.S. EM residency directors, with a second mailing to nonresponders eight weeks after the initial mailing. A total of 105 surveys were returned (92%). Six surveys were from new programs whose residents have not yet rotated on EMS. These were excluded from further analysis, leaving 99 programs. Of these, 91 (92%) reported no injuries. One EM resident died in a helicopter crash in 1985. Seven other injury events were reported: 1) facial lacerations, rib fractures, and a shoulder injury in an ambulance accident; 2) an open finger fracture (crushed by a backboard); 3) contusions and a concussion when an ambulance was struck by a fire engine; 4) a groin pull sustained while entering a helicopter; 5) bilateral metatarsal fractures in a fall; 6) rib fractures, a pneumothorax, and a concussion in an ambulance accident; and 7) "minor injuries" sustained in a crash while responding to a scene in a program-owned response vehicle. Actions taken at residency programs to reduce the risk of injury include the use of ballistic vests (four programs), requiring helmets on flights (five programs), and changing flight experience from mandatory to optional (two programs). Ten programs (10%) reported using ground scene safety lectures, and nine programs (15% of those offering flights) reported various types of flight safety instruction. Sixty-nine programs (70%) reported no formal field safety training or other active steps to increase resident safety on EMS rotations. Injuries sustained by EM residents during EMS rotations are uncommon but nontrivial, with several serious injuries and one fatality reported. The majority of EM residency programs have no formal safety training programs for EMS rotations.

  13. Quantum theory of electromagnetic fields in a cosmological quantum spacetime

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lewandowski, Jerzy; Nouri-Zonoz, Mohammad; Parvizi, Ali; Tavakoli, Yaser

    2017-11-01

    The theory of quantum fields propagating on an isotropic cosmological quantum spacetime is reexamined by generalizing the scalar test field to an electromagnetic (EM) vector field. For any given polarization of the EM field on the classical background, the Hamiltonian can be written in the form of the Hamiltonian of a set of decoupled harmonic oscillators, each corresponding to a single mode of the field. In transition from the classical to quantum spacetime background, following the technical procedure given by Ashtekar et al. [Phys. Rev. D 79, 064030 (2009), 10.1103/PhysRevD.79.064030], a quantum theory of the test EM field on an effective (dressed) spacetime emerges. The nature of this emerging dressed geometry is independent of the chosen polarization, but it may depend on the energy of the corresponding field mode. Specifically, when the backreaction of the field on the quantum geometry is negligible (i.e., a test field approximation is assumed), all field modes probe the same effective background independent of the mode's energy. However, when the backreaction of the field modes on the quantum geometry is significant, by employing a Born-Oppenheimer approximation, it is shown that a rainbow (i.e., a mode-dependent) metric emerges. The emergence of this mode-dependent background in the Planck regime may have a significant effect on the creation of quantum particles. The production amount on the dressed background is computed and is compared with the familiar results on the classical geometry.

  14. Description of the plasma diagnostics package (PDP) for the OSS-1 Shuttle mission and JSC plasma chamber test in conjunction with the fast pulse electron gun (FPEG)

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Shawhan, S. D.

    1982-01-01

    The objectives, equipment, and techniques for the plasma diagnostics package (PDP) carried by the OSS-1 instrument payload of the STS-4 and scheduled for the Spacelab-2 mission are described. The goals of the first flight were to examine the Orbiter-magnetoplasma interactions by measuring the electric and magnetic field strengths, the ionized particle wakes, and the generated waves. The RMS was employed to lift the unit out of the bay in order to allow characterization of the fields, EM interference, and plasma contamination within 15 m of the Orbiter. The PDP will also be used to examine plasma depletion, chemical reaction rates, waves, and energized plasma produced by firing of the Orbiter thrusters. Operation of the PDP was carried out in the NASA Space Environment Simulation Laboratory test chamber, where the PDP was used to assay the fields, fluxes, wave amplitudes, and particle energy spectra. The PDP instrumentation is also capable of detecting thermal ions, thermal electrons suprathermal particles, VHF/UHF EMI levels, and the S-band field strength.

  15. Global Health and Emergency Care: Defining Clinical Research Priorities.

    PubMed

    Hansoti, Bhakti; Aluisio, Adam R; Barry, Meagan A; Davey, Kevin; Lentz, Brian A; Modi, Payal; Newberry, Jennifer A; Patel, Melissa H; Smith, Tricia A; Vinograd, Alexandra M; Levine, Adam C

    2017-06-01

    Despite recent strides in the development of global emergency medicine (EM), the field continues to lag in applying a scientific approach to identifying critical knowledge gaps and advancing evidence-based solutions to clinical and public health problems seen in emergency departments (EDs) worldwide. Here, progress on the global EM research agenda created at the 2013 Academic Emergency Medicine Global Health and Emergency Care Consensus Conference is evaluated and critical areas for future development in emergency care research internationally are identified. A retrospective review of all studies compiled in the Global Emergency Medicine Literature Review (GEMLR) database from 2013 through 2015 was conducted. Articles were categorized and analyzed using descriptive quantitative measures and structured data matrices. The Global Emergency Medicine Think Tank Clinical Research Working Group at the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine 2016 Annual Meeting then further conceptualized and defined global EM research priorities utilizing consensus-based decision making. Research trends in global EM research published between 2013 and 2015 show a predominance of observational studies relative to interventional or descriptive studies, with the majority of research conducted in the inpatient setting in comparison to the ED or prehospital setting. Studies on communicable diseases and injury were the most prevalent, with a relative dearth of research on chronic noncommunicable diseases. The Global Emergency Medicine Think Tank Clinical Research Working Group identified conceptual frameworks to define high-impact research priorities, including the traditional approach of using global burden of disease to define priorities and the impact of EM on individual clinical care and public health opportunities. EM research is also described through a population lens approach, including gender, pediatrics, and migrant and refugee health. Despite recent strides in global EM research and a proliferation of scholarly output in the field, further work is required to advocate for and inform research priorities in global EM. The priorities outlined in this paper aim to guide future research in the field, with the goal of advancing the development of EM worldwide. © 2017 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine.

  16. Study of Electromagnetic Interactions with the MicroBooNE Detector

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Caratelli, David; MicroBooNE Collaboration

    2017-01-01

    MicroBooNE is an experiment which employs the Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LArTPC) detector technology to study neutrinos produced with the Fermilab Booster Neutrino Beam. As for any accelerator-based detector interested in studying neutrino oscillations, it is essential to be able to identify and reconstruct the kinematic properties of electrons and photons produced in μν and νe interactions. We report current progress in reconstructing electron and photon electromagnetic (EM) showers using data from the MicroBooNE LArTPC. These studies cover EM showers in the tens to hundreds of MeV energy range; they lay the foundation for MicroBooNE's investigation of the excess of low-energy EM events reported by MiniBooNE, and are of interest to the wider LArTPC neutrino community.

  17. The development of a room temperature electron cyclotron resonance ion source (Lanzhou electron cyclotron resonance ion source No. 4) with evaporative cooling technology at Institute of Modern Physics

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Lu, W., E-mail: luwang@impcas.ac.cn; Sun, L. T.; Qian, C.

    2015-04-15

    LECR4 (Lanzhou electron cyclotron resonance ion source No. 4) has been successfully constructed at IMP and has also been connected with the Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT) and Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) systems. These source magnet coils are cooled through evaporative cooling technology, which is the first attempt with an ECR ion source in the world. The maximum mirror field is 2.5 T (with iron plug) and the effective plasma chamber volume is 1.2 l. It was designed to be operated at 18 GHz and aimed to produce intense multiple charge state heavy ion beams for the linear injector projectmore » SSC-Linac at IMP. In February 2014, the first analyzed beam at 18 GHz was extracted. During about three months’ commissioning, some outstanding results have been achieved, such as 1.97 emA of O{sup 6+}, 1.7 emA of Ar{sup 8+}, 1.07 emA of Ar{sup 9+}, and 118 euA of Bi{sup 28+}. The source has also successfully delivered O{sup 5+} and Ar{sup 8+} ion beams for RFQ commissioning in April 2014. This paper will give a brief overview of the design of LECR4. Then, the latest results of this source at 18 GHz will be presented.« less

  18. Development of imidazolinone herbicide tolerant borage (Borago officinalis L.).

    PubMed

    Song, Dongyan; Wu, Guohai; Vrinten, Patricia; Qiu, Xiao

    2017-09-01

    Borage (Borago officinalis) is an annual herb that produces a high level of gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) in its seed oil. Due to the recognized health benefits of GLA, borage is now commercially cultivated worldwide. However, an herbicide-tolerant variety for effective weed management has not yet been developed. Here we report the generation and characterization of ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) induced borage mutant lines tolerant to the herbicide imidazolinone. An EMS-mutagenized borage population was generated by using a series of concentrations of EMS to treat mature borage seeds. Screening of the M2 and M3 borage plants using an herbicide treatment resulted in the identification of two imidazolinone-tolerant lines. Sequence analysis of two acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) genes, AHAS1 and AHAS2, from the mutant (tolerant) and wild type (susceptible) borage plants showed that single nucleotide substitutions which resulted in amino acid changes occurred in AHAS1 and AHAS2, respectively in the two tolerant lines. A KASP marker was then developed to differentiate the homozygous susceptible, homozygous tolerant and heterozygous borage plants. An in vitro assay showed that homozygous tolerant borage carrying the AHAS1 mutation retained significantly higher AHAS activity than susceptible borage across different imazamox concentrations. A herbicide dose response test indicated that the line with the AHAS1 mutation could tolerate four times the normally used field concentration of "Solo" herbicide. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier B.V.

  19. Anechoic Chamber test of the Electromagnetic Measurement System ground test unit

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Stevenson, L. E.; Scott, L. D.; Oakes, E. T.

    1987-04-01

    The Electromagnetic Measurement System (EMMS) will acquire data on electromagnetic (EM) environments at key weapon locations on various aircraft certified for nuclear weapons. The high-frequency ground unit of the EMMS consists of an instrumented B61 bomb case that will measure (with current probes) the localized current density resulting from an applied EM field. For this portion of the EMMS, the first system test was performed in the Anechoic Chamber Facility at Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico. The EMMS pod was subjected to EM radiation at microwave frequencies of 1, 3, and 10 GHz. At each frequency, the EMMS pod was rotated at many positions relative to the microwave source so that the individual current probes were exposed to a direct line-of-sight illumination. The variations between the measured and calculated electric fields for the current probes with direct illumination by the EM source are within a few db. The results obtained from the anechoic test were better than expected and verify that the high frequency ground portion of the EMMS will accurately measure the EM environments for which it was designed.

  20. What Can Elder Mistreatment Researchers Learn About Primary Prevention From Family Violence Intervention Models?

    PubMed

    Meyer, Kylie; Yonashiro-Cho, Jeanine; Gassoumis, Zachary D; Mosqueda, Laura; Han, S Duke; Wilber, Kathleen H

    2017-11-28

    Elder mistreatment (EM) is a public health problem that harms millions of older Americans each year. Despite growing recognition of its occurrence, there are no evidence-based primary prevention programs. Although EM is distinct from other areas of family violence, including child maltreatment and intimate partner violence, common risk factors and theoretical underpinnings point to opportunities for prevention strategies. Drawing on evidence-based best practices found in other fields of family violence, we identify approaches that could be tested to prevent EM at the hands of family caregivers, who are among the most likely to commit mistreatment. Specifically, we examine home visiting approaches primarily used in the child maltreatment field and identify components that have potential to inform EM interventions, including prevention. We conclude that there is enough information to begin testing a prevention intervention for EM that targets caregivers. © The Author(s) 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

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