33 CFR 164.25 - Tests before entering or getting underway.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... emergency lighting and power systems in vessel control and propulsion machinery spaces. (5) Main propulsion...) The main steering gear from the alternative power supply, if installed. (iv) Each rudder angle... power failure alarm. (vi) Each remote steering gear power unit failure alarm. (vii) The full movement of...

Evaluation of Alternative Field Buses for Lighting ControlApplications

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Koch, Ed; Rubinstein, Francis

2005-03-21

The Subcontract Statement of Work consists of two major tasks. This report is the Final Report in fulfillment of the contract deliverable for Task 1. The purpose of Task 1 was to evaluate existing and emerging protocols and standards for interfacing sensors and controllers for communicating with integrated lighting control systems in commercial buildings. The detailed task description follows: Task 1. Evaluate alternative sensor/field buses. The objective of this task is to evaluate existing and emerging standards for interfacing sensors and controllers for communicating with integrated lighting control systems in commercial buildings. The protocols to be evaluated will include atmore » least: (1) 1-Wire Net, (2) DALI, (3) MODBUS (or appropriate substitute such as EIB) and (4) ZigBee. The evaluation will include a comparative matrix for comparing the technical performance features of the different alternative systems. The performance features to be considered include: (1) directionality and network speed, (2) error control, (3) latency times, (4) allowable cable voltage drop, (5) topology, and (6) polarization. Specifically, Subcontractor will: (1) Analyze the proposed network architecture and identify potential problems that may require further research and specification. (2) Help identify and specify additional software and hardware components that may be required for the communications network to operate properly. (3) Identify areas of the architecture that can benefit from existing standards and technology and enumerate those standards and technologies. (4) Identify existing companies that may have relevant technology that can be applied to this research. (5) Help determine if new standards or technologies need to be developed.« less

The expanding spectrum of paroxysmal movement disorders: update from clinical features to therapeutics.

PubMed

McGovern, Eavan M; Roze, Emmanuel; Counihan, Timothy J

2018-05-15

This review will discuss the expanding clinical spectrum of paroxysmal movement disorders and therapeutic options in light of emerging genotypic heterogeneity in these conditions. Paroxysmal movement disorders comprise a heterogeneous group of rare neurological conditions characterized by intermittent episodes of abnormal movement associated with various triggers. As the clinical and genotypic spectrum of these disorders evolves, so also has the range of therapeutic options. Triheptanoin has recently been shown to be a very promising alternative to the ketogenic diet in paroxysmal exercise-induced dyskinesia. Four-aminopyridine is now considered first-line symptomatic therapy for episodic ataxia type-2, with pre-clinical findings indicating cerebellar neuroprotection. In light of the newly emerging therapies, careful clinical phenotyping is needed to ensure diagnostic precision and timely initiation of appropriate therapies.

Degradation of selected industrial dyes using Mg-doped TiO2 polyscales under natural sun light as an alternative driving energy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shivaraju, H. P.; Midhun, G.; Anil Kumar, K. M.; Pallavi, S.; Pallavi, N.; Behzad, Shahmoradi

2017-11-01

Designing photocatalytic materials with modified functionalities for the utilization of renewable energy sources as an alternative driving energy has attracted much attention in the area of sustainable wastewater treatment applications. Catalyst-assisted advanced oxidation process is an emerging treatment technology for organic pollutants and toxicants in industrial wastewater. Preparation of visible-light-responsive photocatalyst such as Mg-doped TiO2 polyscales was carried out under mild sol-gel technique. Mg-doped TiO2 polyscales were characterized by powder XRD, SEM, FTIR, and optical and photocatalytic activity techniques. The Mg-doped TiO2 showed a mixed phase of anatase and rutile with an excellent crystallinity, structural elucidations, polyscales morphology, consequent shifting of bandgap energy and adequate photocatalytic activities under visible range of light. Mg-doped TiO2 polyscales were investigated for their efficiencies in the degradation of most commonly used industrial dyes in the real-time textile wastewater. Mg-doped TiO2 polyscales showed excellent photocatalytic degradation efficiency in both model industrial dyes (65-95%) and textile wastewater (92%) under natural sunlight as an alternative and renewable driving energy.

Cherry Scallop Shell Moth Pest Alert

Treesearch

John Omer; Debra Allen-Reid

1996-01-01

The cherry scallop shell moth, Hydria prunivorata (Ferguson) is a defoliator of black cherry, and occasional other native cherries throughout its range in eastern North America. The moth?s name is derived from the pattern of alternating dark and light scalloped lines on the wings. The adults which emerge from late May to early August, have a wingspread of about 37mm....

Efficient and bright organic light-emitting diodes on single-layer graphene electrodes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Ning; Oida, Satoshi; Tulevski, George S.; Han, Shu-Jen; Hannon, James B.; Sadana, Devendra K.; Chen, Tze-Chiang

2013-08-01

Organic light-emitting diodes are emerging as leading technologies for both high quality display and lighting. However, the transparent conductive electrode used in the current organic light-emitting diode technologies increases the overall cost and has limited bendability for future flexible applications. Here we use single-layer graphene as an alternative flexible transparent conductor, yielding white organic light-emitting diodes with brightness and efficiency sufficient for general lighting. The performance improvement is attributed to the device structure, which allows direct hole injection from the single-layer graphene anode into the light-emitting layers, reducing carrier trapping induced efficiency roll-off. By employing a light out-coupling structure, phosphorescent green organic light-emitting diodes exhibit external quantum efficiency >60%, while phosphorescent white organic light-emitting diodes exhibit external quantum efficiency >45% at 10,000 cd m-2 with colour rendering index of 85. The power efficiency of white organic light-emitting diodes reaches 80 lm W-1 at 3,000 cd m-2, comparable to the most efficient lighting technologies.

Evidence for an alternation strategy in time-place learning.

PubMed

Pizzo, Matthew J; Crystal, Jonathon D

2004-11-30

Many different conclusions concerning what type of mechanism rats use to solve a daily time-place task have emerged in the literature. The purpose of this study was to test three competing explanations of time-place discrimination. Rats (n = 10) were tested twice daily in a T-maze, separated by approximately 7 h. Food was available at one location in the morning and another location in the afternoon. After the rats learned to visit each location at the appropriate time, tests were omitted to evaluate whether the rats were utilizing time-of-day (i.e., a circadian oscillator) or an alternation strategy (i.e., visiting a correct location is a cue to visit the next location). Performance on this test was significantly lower than chance, ruling out the use of time-of-day. A phase advance of the light cycle was conducted to test the alternation strategy and timing with respect to the light cycle (i.e., an interval timer). There was no difference between probe and baseline performance. These results suggest that the rats used an alternation strategy to meet the temporal and spatial contingencies in the time-place task.

Emergence and mechanism in the fractional quantum Hall effect

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bain, Jonathan

2016-11-01

For some authors, an adequate notion of emergence must include an account of a mechanism by means of which emergent behavior is realized. This appeal to mechanism is problematic in the case of the fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE). There is a consensus among physicists that the FQHE exhibits emergent phenomena, but there are at least four alternative explanations of the latter that, arguably, appeal to ontologically distinct mechanisms, both at the microphysics level and at the level of general organizing principles. In light of this underdetermination of mechanism, one is faced with the following options: (I) deny that emergence is present in the FQHE; (II) argue for the priority of one mechanistic explanation over the others; or (III) temper the desire for a mechanism-centric account of emergence. I will argue that there are good reasons to reject (I) and (II) and accept (III). In particular, I will suggest that a law-centric account of emergence does just fine in explaining the emergent phenomena associated with the FQHE.

Multiple bio-monitoring system using visible light for electromagnetic-wave free indoor healthcare

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

An, Jinyoung; Pham, Ngoc Quan; Chung, Wan-Young

2017-12-01

In this paper, a multiple biomedical data transmission system with visible light communication (VLC) is proposed for an electromagnetic-wave-free indoor healthcare. VLC technology has emerged as an alternative solution to radio-frequency (RF) wireless systems, due to its various merits, e.g., ubiquity, power efficiency, no RF radiation, and security. With VLC, critical bio-medical signals, including electrocardiography (ECG), can be transmitted in places where RF radiation is restricted. This potential advantage of VLC could save more lives in emergency situations. A time hopping (TH) scheme is employed to transfer multiple medical-data streams in real time with a simple system design. Multiple data streams are transmitted using identical color LEDs and go into an optical detector. The received multiple data streams are demodulated and rearranged using a TH-based demodulator. The medical data is then monitored and managed to provide the necessary medical care for each patient.

Dissuasive exit signage for building fire evacuation.

PubMed

Olander, Joakim; Ronchi, Enrico; Lovreglio, Ruggiero; Nilsson, Daniel

2017-03-01

This work presents the result of a questionnaire study which investigates the design of dissuasive emergency signage, i.e. signage conveying a message of not utilizing a specific exit door. The work analyses and tests a set of key features of dissuasive emergency signage using the Theory of Affordances. The variables having the largest impact on observer preference, interpretation and noticeability of the signage have been identified. Results show that features which clearly negate the exit-message of the original positive exit signage are most effective, for instance a red X-marking placed across the entirety of the exit signage conveys a clear dissuasive message. Other features of note are red flashing lights and alternation of colour. The sense of urgency conveyed by the sign is largely affected by sensory inputs such as red flashing lights or other features which cause the signs to break the tendencies of normalcy. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Excitonic Materials for Hybrid Solar Cells and Energy Efficient Lighting

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kabra, Dinesh; Lu, Li Ping; Vaynzof, Yana; Song, Myounghoon; Snaith, Henry J.; Friend, Richard H.

2011-07-01

Conventional photovoltaic technology will certainly contribute this century, but to generate a significant fraction of our global power from solar energy, a radically new disruptive technology is required. Research primarily focused on developing the physics and technologies being low cost photovoltaic concepts are required. The materials with carbon-based solution processible organic semiconductors with power conversion efficiency as high as ˜8.2%, which have emerged over the last decade as promising alternatives to expensive silicon based technologies. We aim at exploring the morphological and optoelectronic properties of blends of newly synthesized polymer semiconductors as a route to enhance the performance of organic semiconductor based optoelectronic devices, like photovoltaic diodes (PV) and Light Emitting Diodes (LED). OLED efficiency has reached upto 150 lm/W and going to be next generation cheap and eco friendly solid state lighting solution. Hybrid electronics represent a valuable alternative for the production of easy processible, flexible and reliable optoelectronic thin film devices. I will be presenting recent advancement of my work in the area of hybrid photovoltaics, PLED and research path towards realization electrically injectable organic laser diodes.

Emergent geometries and nonlinear-wave dynamics in photon fluids.

PubMed

Marino, F; Maitland, C; Vocke, D; Ortolan, A; Faccio, D

2016-03-22

Nonlinear waves in defocusing media are investigated in the framework of the hydrodynamic description of light as a photon fluid. The observations are interpreted in terms of an emergent curved spacetime generated by the waves themselves, which fully determines their dynamics. The spacetime geometry emerges naturally as a result of the nonlinear interaction between the waves and the self-induced background flow. In particular, as observed in real fluids, different points of the wave profile propagate at different velocities leading to the self-steepening of the wave front and to the formation of a shock. This phenomenon can be associated to a curvature singularity of the emergent metric. Our analysis offers an alternative insight into the problem of shock formation and provides a demonstration of an analogue gravity model that goes beyond the kinematic level.

Emergent geometries and nonlinear-wave dynamics in photon fluids

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Marino, F.; Maitland, C.; Vocke, D.; Ortolan, A.; Faccio, D.

2016-03-01

Nonlinear waves in defocusing media are investigated in the framework of the hydrodynamic description of light as a photon fluid. The observations are interpreted in terms of an emergent curved spacetime generated by the waves themselves, which fully determines their dynamics. The spacetime geometry emerges naturally as a result of the nonlinear interaction between the waves and the self-induced background flow. In particular, as observed in real fluids, different points of the wave profile propagate at different velocities leading to the self-steepening of the wave front and to the formation of a shock. This phenomenon can be associated to a curvature singularity of the emergent metric. Our analysis offers an alternative insight into the problem of shock formation and provides a demonstration of an analogue gravity model that goes beyond the kinematic level.

47 CFR 80.864 - Emergency electric lights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Emergency electric lights. 80.864 Section 80... W § 80.864 Emergency electric lights. (a) Emergency electric light(s) must be installed to...) The emergency electric light(s) must be energized from the reserve power supply, if a reserve power...

47 CFR 80.864 - Emergency electric lights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 5 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Emergency electric lights. 80.864 Section 80... W § 80.864 Emergency electric lights. (a) Emergency electric light(s) must be installed to...) The emergency electric light(s) must be energized from the reserve power supply, if a reserve power...

47 CFR 80.864 - Emergency electric lights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Emergency electric lights. 80.864 Section 80... W § 80.864 Emergency electric lights. (a) Emergency electric light(s) must be installed to...) The emergency electric light(s) must be energized from the reserve power supply, if a reserve power...

47 CFR 80.864 - Emergency electric lights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Emergency electric lights. 80.864 Section 80... W § 80.864 Emergency electric lights. (a) Emergency electric light(s) must be installed to...) The emergency electric light(s) must be energized from the reserve power supply, if a reserve power...

47 CFR 80.864 - Emergency electric lights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Emergency electric lights. 80.864 Section 80... W § 80.864 Emergency electric lights. (a) Emergency electric light(s) must be installed to...) The emergency electric light(s) must be energized from the reserve power supply, if a reserve power...

Dim light at night: physiological effects and ecological consequences for infectious disease.

PubMed

Kernbach, Meredith E; Hall, Richard J; Burkett-Cadena, Nathan; Unnasch, Thomas R; Martin, Lynn B

2018-06-23

Light pollution has emerged as a pervasive component of land development over the past century. Several detrimental impacts of this anthropogenic influence have been identified in night shift workers, laboratory rodents, and a plethora of wildlife species. Circadian, or daily, patterns are interrupted by the presence of light at night and have the capacity to alter rhythmic physiological or behavioral characteristics. Indeed, biorhythm disruption can lead to metabolic, reproductive, and immunological dysfunction depending on the intensity, timing, duration and wavelength of light exposure. Light pollution, in many forms and by many pathways, is thus apt to affect the nature of host-pathogen interactions. However, no research has yet investigated this possibility. The goal of this manuscript is to outline how dim light at night (dLAN), a relevant and common form of light pollution, may affect disease dynamics by interrupting circadian rhythms and regulation of immune responses as well as opportunities for host-parasite interactions and subsequent transmission risk including spillover into humans. We close by proposing some promising interventions including alternative lighting methods or vector control efforts.

Seed germination ecology of feather lovegrass [Eragrostis tenella (L.) Beauv. Ex Roemer & J.A. Schultes].

PubMed

Chauhan, Bhagirath S

2013-01-01

Feather lovegrass [Eragrostis tenella (L.) Beauv. Ex Roemer & J.A. Schultes] is a C4 grass weed that has the ability to grow in both lowland and upland conditions. Experiments were conducted in the laboratory and screenhouse to evaluate the effect of environmental factors on germination, emergence, and growth of this weed species. Germination in the light/dark regime was higher at alternating day/night temperatures of 30/20 °C (98%) than at 35/25 °C (83%) or 25/15 °C (62%). Germination was completely inhibited by darkness. The osmotic potential and sodium chloride concentrations required for 50% inhibition of maximum germination were -0.7 MPa and 76 mM, respectively. The highest seedling emergence (69%) was observed from the seeds sown on the soil surface and no seedlings emerged from seeds buried at depths of 0.5 cm or more. The use of residue as mulches significantly reduced the emergence and biomass of feather lovegrass seedlings. A residue amount of 0.5 t ha(-1) was needed to suppress 50% of the maximum seedlings. Because germination was strongly stimulated by light and seedling emergence was the highest for the seeds sown on the soil surface, feather lovegrass is likely to become a problematic weed in zero-till systems. The knowledge gained from this study could help in developing effective and sustainable weed management strategies.

Sprectroscopic and time-resolved optical methods and apparatus for imaging objects in turbed media

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Alfano, Robert R. (Inventor); Zevallos, Manuel E. (Inventor); Gayen, Swapan Kumar (Inventor)

2003-01-01

Method and apparatus for imaging objects in turbid media. In one embodiment, the method comprises illuminating at least a portion of the turbid medium with substantially monochromatic light of at least two wavelengths in the 600-1500 nm spectral range. A first of the at least two wavelengths is equal to a resonance wavelength for an optical property of an object in the illuminated portion of the turbid medium but is not equal to a resonance wavelength for the turbid medium. A second of the at least two wavelengths is not equal to a resonance wavelength for either the object or the turbid medium. Light emergent from the turbid medium following each of the foregoing illuminations comprises a ballistic component, a snake component and a diffuse component. A direct shadowgram image may be obtained by preferentially passing from the emergent light, following each illumination. the ballistic and snake components thereof and detecting the preferentially passed light. Alternatively, an inverse reconstruction image may be obtained by determining, following each illumination, the intensity of the diffuse component at a plurality of points in time and then using these pluralities of intensity determinations and a mathematical inversion algorithm to form an image of the object in the turbid medium. An image of the object with higher contrast and better quality may be obtained by using the ratio or difference of the images recorded with resonant light and non-resonant light.

In Silico Analysis of the Regulation of the Photosynthetic Electron Transport Chain in C3 Plants1[OPEN

PubMed Central

Kramer, David M.

2018-01-01

We present a new simulation model of the reactions in the photosynthetic electron transport chain of C3 species. We show that including recent insights about the regulation of the thylakoid proton motive force, ATP/NADPH balancing mechanisms (cyclic and noncyclic alternative electron transport), and regulation of Rubisco activity leads to emergent behaviors that may affect the operation and regulation of photosynthesis under different dynamic environmental conditions. The model was parameterized with experimental results in the literature, with a focus on Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). A dataset was constructed from multiple sources, including measurements of steady-state and dynamic gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, and absorbance spectroscopy under different light intensities and CO2, to test predictions of the model under different experimental conditions. Simulations suggested that there are strong interactions between cyclic and noncyclic alternative electron transport and that an excess capacity for alternative electron transport is required to ensure adequate redox state and lumen pH. Furthermore, the model predicted that, under specific conditions, reduction of ferredoxin by plastoquinol is possible after a rapid increase in light intensity. Further analysis also revealed that the relationship between ATP synthesis and proton motive force was highly regulated by the concentrations of ATP, ADP, and inorganic phosphate, and this facilitated an increase in nonphotochemical quenching and proton motive force under conditions where metabolism was limiting, such as low CO2, high light intensity, or combined high CO2 and high light intensity. The model may be used as an in silico platform for future research on the regulation of photosynthetic electron transport. PMID:28924017

Strobe Traffic Lights Warn of Approaching Emergency Vehicles

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bachelder, Aaron

2004-01-01

Strobe-enhanced traffic signals have been developed to aid in the preemption of road intersections for emergency vehicles. The strobe-enhanced traffic signals can be incorporated into both new and pre-existing traffic-control systems in which the traffic-signal heads are of a relatively new type based on arrays of light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The strobe-enhanced traffic signals offer a less expensive, less complex alternative to a recently developed system of LED-based warning signs placed next to traffic signals. Because of its visual complexity, the combination of traffic signals and warning signs is potentially confusing to motorists. The strobe-enhanced traffic signals present less visual clutter. In a given traffic-signal head, the strobe-enhanced traffic signal is embedded in the red LED array of the stop signal. Two strobe LED strips one horizontal and one vertical are made capable of operating separately from the rest of the red LED matrix. When no emergency vehicle is approaching, the red LED array functions as a normal stop signal: all the red LEDs are turned on and off together. When the intersection is to be preempted for an approaching emergency vehicle, only the LEDs in one of the strobe strips are lit, and are turned on in a sequence that indicates the direction of approach. For example (see figure), if an emergency vehicle approaches from the right, the strobe LEDs are lit in a sequence moving from right to left. Important to the success of strobe-enhanced traffic signals is conformance to city ordinances and close relation to pre-existing traffic standards. For instance, one key restriction is that new icons must not include arrows, so that motorists will not confuse new icons with conventional arrows that indicate allowed directions of movement. It is also critical that new displays like strobe-enhanced traffic signals be similar to displays used in traffic-control systems in large cities. For example, Charleston, South Carolina uses horizontal strobes on red traffic lights to alert motorists and thereby help motorists not to miss red lights. The one significant potential disadvantage of strobe-enhanced traffic lights is initial unfamiliarity on the part of motorists.

Young patients with suspected uncomplicated renal colic are unlikely to have dangerous alternative diagnoses or need emergent intervention.

PubMed

Schoenfeld, Elizabeth M; Poronsky, Kye E; Elia, Tala R; Budhram, Gavin R; Garb, Jane L; Mader, Timothy J

2015-03-01

In the United States there is debate regarding the appropriate first test for new-onset renal colic, with non-contrast helical computed tomography (CT) receiving the highest ratings from both Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality and the American Urological Association. This is based not only on its accuracy for the diagnosis of renal colic, but also its ability to diagnose other surgical emergencies, which have been thought to occur in 10-15% of patients with suspected renal colic, based on previous studies. In younger patients, it may be reasonable to attempt to avoid immediate CT if concern for dangerous alternative diagnosis is low, based on the risks of radiation from CTs, and particularly in light of evidence that patients with renal colic have a very high likelihood of having multiple CTs in their lifetimes. The objective is to determine the proportion of patients with a dangerous alternative diagnosis in adult patients age 50 and under presenting with uncomplicated (non-infected) suspected renal colic, and also to determine what proportion of these patients undergo emergent urologic intervention. Retrospective chart review of 12 months of patients age 18-50 presenting with "flank pain," excluding patients with end stage renal disease, urinary tract infection, pregnancy and trauma. Dangerous alternative diagnosis was determined by CT. Two hundred and ninety-one patients met inclusion criteria. One hundred and fifteen patients had renal protocol CTs, and zero alternative emergent or urgent diagnoses were identified (one-sided 95% CI [0-2.7%]). Of the 291 encounters, there were 7 urologic procedures performed upon first admission (2.4%, 95% CI [1.0-4.9%]). The prevalence of kidney stone by final diagnosis was 58.8%. This small sample suggests that in younger patients with uncomplicated renal colic, the benefit of immediate CT for suspected renal colic should be questioned. Further studies are needed to determine which patients benefit from immediate CT for suspected renal colic, and which patients could undergo alternate imaging such as ultrasound.

46 CFR 112.43-15 - Emergency lighting feeders.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Emergency lighting feeders. 112.43-15 Section 112.43-15 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Lighting Systems § 112.43-15 Emergency lighting feeders. For a vessel with...

46 CFR 112.43-15 - Emergency lighting feeders.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Emergency lighting feeders. 112.43-15 Section 112.43-15 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Lighting Systems § 112.43-15 Emergency lighting feeders. For a vessel with...

46 CFR 112.43-15 - Emergency lighting feeders.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Emergency lighting feeders. 112.43-15 Section 112.43-15 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Lighting Systems § 112.43-15 Emergency lighting feeders. For a vessel with...

46 CFR 112.43-15 - Emergency lighting feeders.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Emergency lighting feeders. 112.43-15 Section 112.43-15 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Lighting Systems § 112.43-15 Emergency lighting feeders. For a vessel with...

46 CFR 112.43-15 - Emergency lighting feeders.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Emergency lighting feeders. 112.43-15 Section 112.43-15 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Lighting Systems § 112.43-15 Emergency lighting feeders. For a vessel with...

46 CFR 196.37-25 - Emergency lights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Emergency lights. 196.37-25 Section 196.37-25 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS OPERATIONS Markings for Fire and Emergency Equipment, etc. § 196.37-25 Emergency lights. (a) All emergency lights...

46 CFR 196.37-25 - Emergency lights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Emergency lights. 196.37-25 Section 196.37-25 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS OPERATIONS Markings for Fire and Emergency Equipment, etc. § 196.37-25 Emergency lights. (a) All emergency lights...

46 CFR 196.37-25 - Emergency lights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Emergency lights. 196.37-25 Section 196.37-25 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS OPERATIONS Markings for Fire and Emergency Equipment, etc. § 196.37-25 Emergency lights. (a) All emergency lights...

46 CFR 196.37-25 - Emergency lights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Emergency lights. 196.37-25 Section 196.37-25 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS OPERATIONS Markings for Fire and Emergency Equipment, etc. § 196.37-25 Emergency lights. (a) All emergency lights...

46 CFR 196.37-25 - Emergency lights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Emergency lights. 196.37-25 Section 196.37-25 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS OPERATIONS Markings for Fire and Emergency Equipment, etc. § 196.37-25 Emergency lights. (a) All emergency lights...

46 CFR 78.47-33 - Emergency lights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Emergency lights. 78.47-33 Section 78.47-33 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS OPERATIONS Markings for Fire and Emergency Equipment, Etc. § 78.47-33 Emergency lights. (a) All emergency lights shall be marked...

46 CFR 97.37-25 - Emergency lights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Emergency lights. 97.37-25 Section 97.37-25 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CARGO AND MISCELLANEOUS VESSELS OPERATIONS Markings for Fire and Emergency Equipment, Etc. § 97.37-25 Emergency lights. (a) All emergency lights shall...

46 CFR 97.37-25 - Emergency lights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Emergency lights. 97.37-25 Section 97.37-25 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CARGO AND MISCELLANEOUS VESSELS OPERATIONS Markings for Fire and Emergency Equipment, Etc. § 97.37-25 Emergency lights. (a) All emergency lights shall...

46 CFR 97.37-25 - Emergency lights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Emergency lights. 97.37-25 Section 97.37-25 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CARGO AND MISCELLANEOUS VESSELS OPERATIONS Markings for Fire and Emergency Equipment, Etc. § 97.37-25 Emergency lights. (a) All emergency lights shall...

46 CFR 78.47-33 - Emergency lights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 3 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Emergency lights. 78.47-33 Section 78.47-33 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS OPERATIONS Markings for Fire and Emergency Equipment, Etc. § 78.47-33 Emergency lights. (a) All emergency lights shall be marked...

46 CFR 97.37-25 - Emergency lights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Emergency lights. 97.37-25 Section 97.37-25 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CARGO AND MISCELLANEOUS VESSELS OPERATIONS Markings for Fire and Emergency Equipment, Etc. § 97.37-25 Emergency lights. (a) All emergency lights shall...

46 CFR 78.47-33 - Emergency lights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 3 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Emergency lights. 78.47-33 Section 78.47-33 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS OPERATIONS Markings for Fire and Emergency Equipment, Etc. § 78.47-33 Emergency lights. (a) All emergency lights shall be marked...

46 CFR 78.47-33 - Emergency lights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 3 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Emergency lights. 78.47-33 Section 78.47-33 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS OPERATIONS Markings for Fire and Emergency Equipment, Etc. § 78.47-33 Emergency lights. (a) All emergency lights shall be marked...

46 CFR 97.37-25 - Emergency lights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Emergency lights. 97.37-25 Section 97.37-25 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CARGO AND MISCELLANEOUS VESSELS OPERATIONS Markings for Fire and Emergency Equipment, Etc. § 97.37-25 Emergency lights. (a) All emergency lights shall...

46 CFR 78.47-33 - Emergency lights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Emergency lights. 78.47-33 Section 78.47-33 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS OPERATIONS Markings for Fire and Emergency Equipment, Etc. § 78.47-33 Emergency lights. (a) All emergency lights shall be marked...

Recent advances in managing tricuspid regurgitation

PubMed Central

Del Forno, Benedetto; Lapenna, Elisabetta; Dalrymple-Hay, Malcom; Taramasso, Maurizio; Castiglioni, Alessandro; Alfieri, Ottavio; De Bonis, Michele

2018-01-01

Isolated tricuspid valve surgery is usually carried out with very high morbidity and mortality given the complexity of the affected patients. In light of this, trans-catheter tricuspid valve interventions have been emerging as an attractive alternative to surgery over the last few years. Although feasibility has been shown with a number of devices, clinical experience remains preliminary and associated with significant clinical and technical challenges. Here we describe currently available trans-catheter treatment options for severe tricuspid regurgitation implanted in different locations. PMID:29636903

In Silico Analysis of the Regulation of the Photosynthetic Electron Transport Chain in C3 Plants.

PubMed

Morales, Alejandro; Yin, Xinyou; Harbinson, Jeremy; Driever, Steven M; Molenaar, Jaap; Kramer, David M; Struik, Paul C

2018-02-01

We present a new simulation model of the reactions in the photosynthetic electron transport chain of C3 species. We show that including recent insights about the regulation of the thylakoid proton motive force, ATP/NADPH balancing mechanisms (cyclic and noncyclic alternative electron transport), and regulation of Rubisco activity leads to emergent behaviors that may affect the operation and regulation of photosynthesis under different dynamic environmental conditions. The model was parameterized with experimental results in the literature, with a focus on Arabidopsis ( Arabidopsis thaliana ). A dataset was constructed from multiple sources, including measurements of steady-state and dynamic gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, and absorbance spectroscopy under different light intensities and CO 2 , to test predictions of the model under different experimental conditions. Simulations suggested that there are strong interactions between cyclic and noncyclic alternative electron transport and that an excess capacity for alternative electron transport is required to ensure adequate redox state and lumen pH. Furthermore, the model predicted that, under specific conditions, reduction of ferredoxin by plastoquinol is possible after a rapid increase in light intensity. Further analysis also revealed that the relationship between ATP synthesis and proton motive force was highly regulated by the concentrations of ATP, ADP, and inorganic phosphate, and this facilitated an increase in nonphotochemical quenching and proton motive force under conditions where metabolism was limiting, such as low CO 2 , high light intensity, or combined high CO 2 and high light intensity. The model may be used as an in silico platform for future research on the regulation of photosynthetic electron transport. © 2018 American Society of Plant Biologists. All Rights Reserved.

46 CFR 169.738 - Emergency lights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Emergency lights. 169.738 Section 169.738 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) NAUTICAL SCHOOLS SAILING SCHOOL VESSELS Vessel Control, Miscellaneous Systems, and Equipment Markings § 169.738 Emergency lights. Each emergency light...

46 CFR 169.738 - Emergency lights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Emergency lights. 169.738 Section 169.738 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) NAUTICAL SCHOOLS SAILING SCHOOL VESSELS Vessel Control, Miscellaneous Systems, and Equipment Markings § 169.738 Emergency lights. Each emergency light...

46 CFR 169.738 - Emergency lights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Emergency lights. 169.738 Section 169.738 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) NAUTICAL SCHOOLS SAILING SCHOOL VESSELS Vessel Control, Miscellaneous Systems, and Equipment Markings § 169.738 Emergency lights. Each emergency light...

46 CFR 169.738 - Emergency lights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Emergency lights. 169.738 Section 169.738 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) NAUTICAL SCHOOLS SAILING SCHOOL VESSELS Vessel Control, Miscellaneous Systems, and Equipment Markings § 169.738 Emergency lights. Each emergency light...

46 CFR 169.738 - Emergency lights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Emergency lights. 169.738 Section 169.738 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) NAUTICAL SCHOOLS SAILING SCHOOL VESSELS Vessel Control, Miscellaneous Systems, and Equipment Markings § 169.738 Emergency lights. Each emergency light...

Extreme sensitivity to ultraviolet light in the fungal pathogen causing white-nose syndrome of bats.

PubMed

Palmer, Jonathan M; Drees, Kevin P; Foster, Jeffrey T; Lindner, Daniel L

2018-01-02

Bat white-nose syndrome (WNS), caused by the fungal pathogen Pseudogymnoascus destructans, has decimated North American hibernating bats since its emergence in 2006. Here, we utilize comparative genomics to examine the evolutionary history of this pathogen in comparison to six closely related nonpathogenic species. P. destructans displays a large reduction in carbohydrate-utilizing enzymes (CAZymes) and in the predicted secretome (~50%), and an increase in lineage-specific genes. The pathogen has lost a key enzyme, UVE1, in the alternate excision repair (AER) pathway, which is known to contribute to repair of DNA lesions induced by ultraviolet (UV) light. Consistent with a nonfunctional AER pathway, P. destructans is extremely sensitive to UV light, as well as the DNA alkylating agent methyl methanesulfonate (MMS). The differential susceptibility of P. destructans to UV light in comparison to other hibernacula-inhabiting fungi represents a potential "Achilles' heel" of P. destructans that might be exploited for treatment of bats with WNS.

Photogenic Venus. The "cinematographic turn" and its alternatives in nineteenth-century France

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Canales, Jimena

2002-12-01

During the late nineteenth century, scientists around the world disagreed as to the types of instruments and methods that should be used for determining the most important constant of celestial mechanics: the solar parallax. Venus's 1874 transit across the sun was seen as the best opportunity for ending decades of debate. However, a mysterious "black drop" that appeared between Venus and the sun and individual differences in observations of the phenomenon brought traditional methods into disrepute. To combat these difficulties, the astronomer Jules Janssen devised a controversial new instrument, the "photographic revolver", that photographed Venus at regular intervals. Another solution came from physicists, who rivaled the astronomers' dominance in precision measurements by deducing the solar parallax from physical measurements of the speed of light. Yet other astronomers relied on drawings and well-trained observers. The new space emerging from this debate was characterized by a decline in faith in (nonstandardized, nonreproducible) photography and in (pure) geometry and by the growing realization of the importance of alternative elements needed for establishing scientific truths: power and authority, skill and discipline, standardization, mechanical reproducibility, and theoreticality. By examining the "cinematographic turn" in science and its alternatives, this essay brings to light unexplored multi-disciplinary connections that contribute to the histories of psychology, philosophy, physics, and film studies.

46 CFR 35.10-15 - Emergency lighting and power systems-T/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Emergency lighting and power systems-T/ALL. 35.10-15... Emergency Requirements § 35.10-15 Emergency lighting and power systems—T/ALL. (a) Where fitted, it shall be the duty of the master to see that the emergency lighting and power systems are tested and inspected...

46 CFR 35.10-15 - Emergency lighting and power systems-T/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Emergency lighting and power systems-T/ALL. 35.10-15... Emergency Requirements § 35.10-15 Emergency lighting and power systems—T/ALL. (a) Where fitted, it shall be the duty of the master to see that the emergency lighting and power systems are tested and inspected...

10 CFR 490.203 - Light Duty Alternative Fueled Vehicle Plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 10 Energy 3 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Light Duty Alternative Fueled Vehicle Plan. 490.203 Section 490.203 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION ALTERNATIVE FUEL TRANSPORTATION PROGRAM Mandatory State Fleet Program § 490.203 Light Duty Alternative Fueled Vehicle Plan. (a) General Provisions...

10 CFR 490.203 - Light Duty Alternative Fueled Vehicle Plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Light Duty Alternative Fueled Vehicle Plan. 490.203 Section 490.203 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION ALTERNATIVE FUEL TRANSPORTATION PROGRAM Mandatory State Fleet Program § 490.203 Light Duty Alternative Fueled Vehicle Plan. (a) General Provisions...

10 CFR 490.203 - Light Duty Alternative Fueled Vehicle Plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 10 Energy 3 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Light Duty Alternative Fueled Vehicle Plan. 490.203 Section 490.203 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION ALTERNATIVE FUEL TRANSPORTATION PROGRAM Mandatory State Fleet Program § 490.203 Light Duty Alternative Fueled Vehicle Plan. (a) General Provisions...

10 CFR 490.203 - Light Duty Alternative Fueled Vehicle Plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 10 Energy 3 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Light Duty Alternative Fueled Vehicle Plan. 490.203 Section 490.203 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION ALTERNATIVE FUEL TRANSPORTATION PROGRAM Mandatory State Fleet Program § 490.203 Light Duty Alternative Fueled Vehicle Plan. (a) General Provisions...

10 CFR 490.203 - Light Duty Alternative Fueled Vehicle Plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 10 Energy 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Light Duty Alternative Fueled Vehicle Plan. 490.203 Section 490.203 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION ALTERNATIVE FUEL TRANSPORTATION PROGRAM Mandatory State Fleet Program § 490.203 Light Duty Alternative Fueled Vehicle Plan. (a) General Provisions...

46 CFR 108.639 - Emergency lights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Emergency lights. 108.639 Section 108.639 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT Equipment Markings and Instructions § 108.639 Emergency lights. Each emergency light must be marked: “E”. ...

46 CFR 108.639 - Emergency lights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Emergency lights. 108.639 Section 108.639 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT Equipment Markings and Instructions § 108.639 Emergency lights. Each emergency light must be marked: “E”. ...

46 CFR 108.639 - Emergency lights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Emergency lights. 108.639 Section 108.639 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT Equipment Markings and Instructions § 108.639 Emergency lights. Each emergency light must be marked: “E”. ...

46 CFR 108.639 - Emergency lights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Emergency lights. 108.639 Section 108.639 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT Equipment Markings and Instructions § 108.639 Emergency lights. Each emergency light must be marked: “E”. ...

46 CFR 108.639 - Emergency lights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Emergency lights. 108.639 Section 108.639 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT Equipment Markings and Instructions § 108.639 Emergency lights. Each emergency light must be marked: “E”. ...

Germination biology of Hibiscus tridactylites in Australia and the implications for weed management

PubMed Central

Chauhan, Bhagirath Singh

2016-01-01

Hibiscus tridactylites is a problematic broadleaf weed in many crops in Australia; however, very limited information is available on seed germination biology of Australian populations. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of environmental factors on germination and emergence of H. tridactylites. Germination was stimulated by seed scarification, suggesting the inhibition of germination in this species is mainly due to the hard seed coat. Germination was not affected by light conditions, suggesting that seeds of this species are not photoblastic. Germination was higher at alternating day/night temperatures of 30/20 °C (74%) and 35/25 °C (69%) than at 25/15 °C (63%). Moderate salinity and water stress did not inhibit germination of H. tridactylites. Seedling emergence of H. tridactylites was highest (57%) for the seeds buried at a 2 cm depth in the soil; 18% of seedlings emerged from seeds buried at 8 cm but no seedlings emerged below this depth. Soil inversion by tillage to bury weed seeds below their maximum depth of emergence could serve an important tool for managing H. tridactylites. PMID:27174752

Germination biology of Hibiscus tridactylites in Australia and the implications for weed management

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chauhan, Bhagirath Singh

2016-05-01

Hibiscus tridactylites is a problematic broadleaf weed in many crops in Australia; however, very limited information is available on seed germination biology of Australian populations. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of environmental factors on germination and emergence of H. tridactylites. Germination was stimulated by seed scarification, suggesting the inhibition of germination in this species is mainly due to the hard seed coat. Germination was not affected by light conditions, suggesting that seeds of this species are not photoblastic. Germination was higher at alternating day/night temperatures of 30/20 °C (74%) and 35/25 °C (69%) than at 25/15 °C (63%). Moderate salinity and water stress did not inhibit germination of H. tridactylites. Seedling emergence of H. tridactylites was highest (57%) for the seeds buried at a 2 cm depth in the soil; 18% of seedlings emerged from seeds buried at 8 cm but no seedlings emerged below this depth. Soil inversion by tillage to bury weed seeds below their maximum depth of emergence could serve an important tool for managing H. tridactylites.

46 CFR 112.01-5 - Manual emergency lighting and power system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Manual emergency lighting and power system. 112.01-5 Section 112.01-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Definitions of Emergency Lighting and Power Systems § 112.01-5 Manual...

46 CFR 112.01-5 - Manual emergency lighting and power system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Manual emergency lighting and power system. 112.01-5 Section 112.01-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Definitions of Emergency Lighting and Power Systems § 112.01-5 Manual...

46 CFR 112.01-5 - Manual emergency lighting and power system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Manual emergency lighting and power system. 112.01-5 Section 112.01-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Definitions of Emergency Lighting and Power Systems § 112.01-5 Manual...

46 CFR 112.01-5 - Manual emergency lighting and power system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Manual emergency lighting and power system. 112.01-5 Section 112.01-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Definitions of Emergency Lighting and Power Systems § 112.01-5 Manual...

46 CFR 112.01-10 - Automatic emergency lighting and power system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Automatic emergency lighting and power system. 112.01-10 Section 112.01-10 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Definitions of Emergency Lighting and Power Systems § 112.01-10...

46 CFR 112.01-10 - Automatic emergency lighting and power system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Automatic emergency lighting and power system. 112.01-10 Section 112.01-10 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Definitions of Emergency Lighting and Power Systems § 112.01-10...

46 CFR 112.01-10 - Automatic emergency lighting and power system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Automatic emergency lighting and power system. 112.01-10 Section 112.01-10 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Definitions of Emergency Lighting and Power Systems § 112.01-10...

46 CFR 112.01-10 - Automatic emergency lighting and power system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Automatic emergency lighting and power system. 112.01-10 Section 112.01-10 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Definitions of Emergency Lighting and Power Systems § 112.01-10...

46 CFR 112.01-5 - Manual emergency lighting and power system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Manual emergency lighting and power system. 112.01-5 Section 112.01-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Definitions of Emergency Lighting and Power Systems § 112.01-5 Manual...

46 CFR 112.01-10 - Automatic emergency lighting and power system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Automatic emergency lighting and power system. 112.01-10 Section 112.01-10 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Definitions of Emergency Lighting and Power Systems § 112.01-10...

Comparison of three light doses in the photodynamic treatment of actinic keratosis using mathematical modeling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vignion-Dewalle, Anne-Sophie; Betrouni, Nacim; Tylcz, Jean-Baptiste; Vermandel, Maximilien; Mortier, Laurent; Mordon, Serge

2015-05-01

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an emerging treatment modality for various diseases, especially for cancer therapy. Although high efficacy is demonstrated for PDT using standardized protocols in nonhyperkeratotic actinic keratoses, alternative light doses expected to increase efficiency, to reduce adverse effects or to expand the use of PDT, are still being evaluated and refined. We propose a comparison of the three most common light doses in the treatment of actinic keratosis with 5-aminolevulinic acid PDT through mathematical modeling. The proposed model is based on an iterative procedure that involves determination of the local fluence rate, updating of the local optical properties, and estimation of the local damage induced by the therapy. This model was applied on a simplified skin sample model including an actinic keratosis lesion, with three different light doses (red light dose, 37 J/cm2, 75 mW/cm2, 500 s blue light dose, 10 J/cm2, 10 mW/cm2, 1000 s and daylight dose, 9000 s). Results analysis shows that the three studied light doses, although all efficient, lead to variable local damage. Defining reference damage enables the nonoptimal parameters for the current light doses to be refined and the treatment to be more suitable.

Energy and economic efficiency alternatives for electric lighting in commercial buildings

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Robbins, C L; Hunter, K C; Carlisle, N

1985-10-01

This report investigates current efficient alternatives for replacing or supplementing electric lighting systems in commercial buildings. Criteria for establishing the economic attractiveness of various lighting alternatives are defined and the effect of future changes in building lighting on utility capacity. The report focuses on the energy savings potential, economic efficiency, and energy demand reduction of three categories of lighting alternatives: (1) use of a renewable resource (daylighting) to replace or supplement electric lighting; (2) use of task/ambient lighting in lieu of overhead task lighting; and (3) equipment changes to improve lighting energy efficiency. The results indicate that all three categoriesmore » offer opportunities to reduce lighting energy use in commercial buildings. Further, reducing lighting energy causes a reduction in cooling energy use and cooling capacity while increasing heating energy use. It does not typically increase heating capacity because the use of lighting in the building does not offset the need for peak heating at night.« less

Emergency Lighting Technology Evolves To Save Lives.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gregory, Dennis

2001-01-01

Explores the benefits of including high-brightness Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) for emergency systems and its use in residence halls. LED emergency lighting options and their qualifications are also highlighted.(GR)

Improved light collection and wavelet de-noising enable quantification of cerebral blood flow and oxygen metabolism by a low-cost, off-the-shelf spectrometer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Diop, Mamadou; Wright, Eric; Toronov, Vladislav; Lee, Ting-Yim; St. Lawrence, Keith

2014-05-01

Broadband continuous-wave near-infrared spectroscopy (CW-NIRS) is an attractive alternative to time-resolved and frequency-domain techniques for quantifying cerebral blood flow (CBF) and oxygen metabolism in newborns. However, efficient light collection is critical to broadband CW-NIRS since only a small fraction of the injected light emerges from any given area of the scalp. Light collection is typically improved by optimizing the contact area between the detection system and the skin by means of light guides with large detection surface. Since the form-factor of these light guides do not match the entrance of commercial spectrometers, which are usually equipped with a narrow slit to improve their spectral resolution, broadband NIRS spectrometers are typically custom-built. Nonetheless, off-the-shelf spectrometers have attractive advantages compared to custom-made units, such as low cost, small footprint, and wide availability. We demonstrate that off-the-shelf spectrometers can be easily converted into suitable instruments for deep tissue spectroscopy by improving light collection, while maintaining good spectral resolution, and reducing measurement noise. The ability of this approach to provide reliable cerebral hemodynamics was illustrated in a piglet by measuring CBF and oxygen metabolism under different anesthetic regimens.

46 CFR 129.440 - Emergency lighting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... working (machinery) spaces below the main deck. (b) The emergency lighting required by paragraph (a) of... with a single source of power for emergency lighting, it must have individual battery-powered lighting that is— (1) Automatically actuated upon loss of normal power; (2) Not readily portable; (3) Connected...

46 CFR 129.440 - Emergency lighting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... working (machinery) spaces below the main deck. (b) The emergency lighting required by paragraph (a) of... with a single source of power for emergency lighting, it must have individual battery-powered lighting that is— (1) Automatically actuated upon loss of normal power; (2) Not readily portable; (3) Connected...

46 CFR 129.440 - Emergency lighting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... working (machinery) spaces below the main deck. (b) The emergency lighting required by paragraph (a) of... with a single source of power for emergency lighting, it must have individual battery-powered lighting that is— (1) Automatically actuated upon loss of normal power; (2) Not readily portable; (3) Connected...

46 CFR 129.440 - Emergency lighting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... working (machinery) spaces below the main deck. (b) The emergency lighting required by paragraph (a) of... with a single source of power for emergency lighting, it must have individual battery-powered lighting that is— (1) Automatically actuated upon loss of normal power; (2) Not readily portable; (3) Connected...

46 CFR 112.55-5 - Emergency lighting loads.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... AND POWER SYSTEMS Storage Battery Installation § 112.55-5 Emergency lighting loads. When supplying emergency lighting loads, the storage battery initial voltage must not exceed the standard system voltage by...

46 CFR 112.55-5 - Emergency lighting loads.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... AND POWER SYSTEMS Storage Battery Installation § 112.55-5 Emergency lighting loads. When supplying emergency lighting loads, the storage battery initial voltage must not exceed the standard system voltage by...

46 CFR 112.55-5 - Emergency lighting loads.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... AND POWER SYSTEMS Storage Battery Installation § 112.55-5 Emergency lighting loads. When supplying emergency lighting loads, the storage battery initial voltage must not exceed the standard system voltage by...

46 CFR 112.55-5 - Emergency lighting loads.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... AND POWER SYSTEMS Storage Battery Installation § 112.55-5 Emergency lighting loads. When supplying emergency lighting loads, the storage battery initial voltage must not exceed the standard system voltage by...

46 CFR 112.55-5 - Emergency lighting loads.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... AND POWER SYSTEMS Storage Battery Installation § 112.55-5 Emergency lighting loads. When supplying emergency lighting loads, the storage battery initial voltage must not exceed the standard system voltage by...

46 CFR 129.440 - Emergency lighting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... INSTALLATIONS Lighting Systems § 129.440 Emergency lighting. (a) A vessel of less than 100 gross tons must have... working (machinery) spaces below the main deck. (b) The emergency lighting required by paragraph (a) of... to an automatic battery-charger; and (4) Of enough capacity for 6 hours of continuous operation. ...

Physicochemical Requirements Inferred for Chemical Self-Organization Hardly Support an Emergence of Life in the Deep Oceans of Icy Moons

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pascal, Robert

2016-05-01

An approach to the origin of life, focused on the property of entities capable of reproducing themselves far from equilibrium, has been developed recently. Independently, the possibility of the emergence of life in the hydrothermal systems possibly present in the deep oceans below the frozen crust of some of the moons of Jupiter and Saturn has been raised. The present report is aimed at investigating the mutual compatibility of these alternative views. In this approach, the habitability concept deduced from the limits of life on Earth is considered to be inappropriate with regard to emerging life due to the requirement for an energy source of sufficient potential (equivalent to the potential of visible light). For these icy moons, no driving force would have been present to assist the process of emergence, which would then have had to rely exclusively on highly improbable events, thereby making the presence of life unlikely on these Solar System bodies, that is, unless additional processes are introduced for feeding chemical systems undergoing a transition toward life and the early living organisms.

46 CFR 112.01-1 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Definitions of Emergency Lighting and Power Systems § 112.01-1 Purpose. The purpose of this subpart is to define types of emergency lighting and power systems. ...

46 CFR 112.01-1 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Definitions of Emergency Lighting and Power Systems § 112.01-1 Purpose. The purpose of this subpart is to define types of emergency lighting and power systems. ...

46 CFR 112.01-1 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Definitions of Emergency Lighting and Power Systems § 112.01-1 Purpose. The purpose of this subpart is to define types of emergency lighting and power systems. ...

46 CFR 112.01-1 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Definitions of Emergency Lighting and Power Systems § 112.01-1 Purpose. The purpose of this subpart is to define types of emergency lighting and power systems. ...

46 CFR 35.40-6 - Emergency lights-TB/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Emergency lights-TB/ALL. 35.40-6 Section 35.40-6 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS OPERATIONS Posting and Marking Requirements-TB/ALL. § 35.40-6 Emergency lights—TB/ALL. Emergency lights must be marked in accordance with...

46 CFR 35.40-6 - Emergency lights-TB/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Emergency lights-TB/ALL. 35.40-6 Section 35.40-6 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS OPERATIONS Posting and Marking Requirements-TB/ALL. § 35.40-6 Emergency lights—TB/ALL. Emergency lights must be marked in accordance with...

46 CFR 35.40-6 - Emergency lights-TB/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Emergency lights-TB/ALL. 35.40-6 Section 35.40-6 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS OPERATIONS Posting and Marking Requirements-TB/ALL § 35.40-6 Emergency lights—TB/ALL. Emergency lights must be marked in accordance with...

46 CFR 35.40-6 - Emergency lights-TB/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Emergency lights-TB/ALL. 35.40-6 Section 35.40-6 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS OPERATIONS Posting and Marking Requirements-TB/ALL § 35.40-6 Emergency lights—TB/ALL. Emergency lights must be marked in accordance with...

46 CFR 35.40-6 - Emergency lights-TB/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Emergency lights-TB/ALL. 35.40-6 Section 35.40-6 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS OPERATIONS Posting and Marking Requirements-TB/ALL § 35.40-6 Emergency lights—TB/ALL. Emergency lights must be marked in accordance with...

30 CFR 75.1507 - Emergency Response Plan; refuge alternatives.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

....1507 Emergency Response Plan; refuge alternatives. (a) The Emergency Response Plan (ERP) shall include... request and the District Manager may approve an alternative location in the ERP if mining involves two... constructed prior to an event in a secure space and an isolated atmosphere, the ERP shall specify that— (1...

46 CFR 113.25-10 - Emergency red-flashing lights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Emergency red-flashing lights. 113.25-10 Section 113.25... lights. (a) In a space described in § 113.25-9(a), where the general emergency alarm signal cannot be heard over the background noise, there must be a red-flashing light or rotating beacon, in addition to...

46 CFR 113.25-10 - Emergency red-flashing lights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Emergency red-flashing lights. 113.25-10 Section 113.25... lights. (a) In a space described in § 113.25-9(a), where the general emergency alarm signal cannot be heard over the background noise, there must be a red-flashing light or rotating beacon, in addition to...

46 CFR 113.25-10 - Emergency red-flashing lights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Emergency red-flashing lights. 113.25-10 Section 113.25... lights. (a) In a space described in § 113.25-9(a), where the general emergency alarm signal cannot be heard over the background noise, there must be a red-flashing light or rotating beacon, in addition to...

46 CFR 113.25-10 - Emergency red-flashing lights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Emergency red-flashing lights. 113.25-10 Section 113.25... lights. (a) In a space described in § 113.25-9(a), where the general emergency alarm signal cannot be heard over the background noise, there must be a red-flashing light or rotating beacon, in addition to...

46 CFR 113.25-10 - Emergency red-flashing lights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Emergency red-flashing lights. 113.25-10 Section 113.25... lights. (a) In a space described in § 113.25-9(a), where the general emergency alarm signal cannot be heard over the background noise, there must be a red-flashing light or rotating beacon, in addition to...

PFP Emergency Lighting Study

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

BUSCH, M.S.

2000-02-02

NFPA 101, section 5-9 mandates that, where required by building classification, all designated emergency egress routes be provided with adequate emergency lighting in the event of a normal lighting outage. Emergency lighting is to be arranged so that egress routes are illuminated to an average of 1.0 footcandle with a minimum at any point of 0.1 footcandle, as measured at floor level. These levels are permitted to drop to 60% of their original value over the required 90 minute emergency lighting duration after a power outage. The Plutonium Finishing Plant (PFP) has two designations for battery powered egress lights ''Emergencymore » Lights'' are those battery powered lights required by NFPA 101 to provide lighting along officially designated egress routes in those buildings meeting the correct occupancy requirements. Emergency Lights are maintained on a monthly basis by procedure ZSR-12N-001. ''Backup Lights'' are battery powered lights not required by NFPA, but installed in areas where additional light may be needed. The Backup Light locations were identified by PFP Safety and Engineering based on several factors. (1) General occupancy and type of work in the area. Areas occupied briefly during a shiftly surveillance do not require backup lighting while a room occupied fairly frequently or for significant lengths of time will need one or two Backup lights to provide general illumination of the egress points. (2) Complexity of the egress routes. Office spaces with a standard hallway/room configuration will not require Backup Lights while a large room with several subdivisions or irregularly placed rooms, doors, and equipment will require Backup Lights to make egress safer. (3) Reasonable balance between the safety benefits of additional lighting and the man-hours/exposure required for periodic light maintenance. In some plant areas such as building 236-Z, the additional maintenance time and risk of contamination do not warrant having Backup Lights installed in all rooms. Sufficient light for egress is provided by existing lights located in the hallways.« less

Joule-Thief Circuit Performance for Electricity Energy Saving of Emergency Lamps

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nuryanto Budisusila, Eka; Arifin, Bustanul

2017-04-01

The alternative energy such as battery as power source is required as energy source failures. The other need is outdoor lighting. The electrical power source is expected to be a power saving, optimum and has long life operating. The Joule-Thief circuit is one of solution method for energy saving by using raised electromagnetic force on cored coil when there is back-current. This circuit has a transistor operated as a switch to cut voltage and current flowing along the coils. The present of current causing magnetic induction and generates energy. Experimental prototype was designed by using battery 1.5V to activate Light Emitting Diode or LED as load. The LED was connected in parallel or serial circuit configuration. The result show that the joule-thief circuit able to supply LED circuits up to 40 LEDs.

Metoclopramide for Acute Migraine Treatment in the Emergency Department: An Effective Alternative to Opioids.

PubMed

Najjar, Mejdi; Hall, Tyler; Estupinan, Blanca

2017-04-20

In light of recent warnings by the United States (US) Surgeon General and Centers for Disease Control (CDC) guidelines for recommending more prudent use of opioid narcotics, the search for a non-opioid alternative for aborting acute migraines is particularly relevant. The CDC also estimates the prevalence of opioid dependence may be as high as 26% among patients prescribed opioids for chronic pain, not due to cancer, in the primary care setting. Given such staggering data, it is imperative that we, as caretakers, not foster opioid dependence but rather continue to investigate non-opioid therapies for the management of acute migraines in the emergent care settings. Our literature review demonstrates that metoclopramide should be used more frequently as first-line therapy for an acute migraine over opioids. The use of opioids specifically has been discouraged as migraine treatment by the American Headache Society citing "insufficient evidence" as the main reason. Metoclopramide, specifically using the 10 mg dose, has been cited as "highly likely to be effective" by the same guidelines. Another major issue with opioids is the growing potential for abuse, thus minimizing the use of these drugs for only special circumstances would be beneficial overall.

46 CFR 112.43-9 - Signaling lights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Signaling lights. 112.43-9 Section 112.43-9 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Lighting Systems § 112.43-9 Signaling lights. Each signaling light must be...

46 CFR 112.43-9 - Signaling lights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Signaling lights. 112.43-9 Section 112.43-9 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Lighting Systems § 112.43-9 Signaling lights. Each signaling light must be...

46 CFR 112.43-9 - Signaling lights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Signaling lights. 112.43-9 Section 112.43-9 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Lighting Systems § 112.43-9 Signaling lights. Each signaling light must be...

46 CFR 112.43-9 - Signaling lights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Signaling lights. 112.43-9 Section 112.43-9 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Lighting Systems § 112.43-9 Signaling lights. Each signaling light must be...

46 CFR 112.43-9 - Signaling lights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Signaling lights. 112.43-9 Section 112.43-9 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Lighting Systems § 112.43-9 Signaling lights. Each signaling light must be...

Alternative light source (polilight) illumination with digital image analysis does not assist in determining the age of bruises.

PubMed

Hughes, V K; Ellis, P S; Langlois, N E I

2006-05-10

The age of a bruise may be of interest to forensic investigators. Previous research has demonstrated that an alternative light source may assist in the visualisation of faint or non-visible bruises. This project aimed to determine if an alternative light source could be utilised to assist investigators estimate the age of a bruise. Forty braises, sustained from blunt force trauma, were examined from 30 healthy subjects. The age of the bruises ranged from 2 to 231 h (mean = 74.6, median = 69.0). Alternative light source (polilight) illumination at 415 and 450 nm was used. The black and white photographs obtained were assessed using densitometry. A statistical analysis indicated that there was no correlation between time and the mean densitometry values. The alternative light source used in this study was unable to assist in determining the age of a bruise.

Automated Announcements of Approaching Emergency Vehicles

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bachelder, Aaron; Foster, Conrad

2006-01-01

Street intersections that are equipped with traffic lights would also be equipped with means for generating audible announcements of approaching emergency vehicles, according to a proposal. The means to generate the announcements would be implemented in the intersection- based subsystems of emergency traffic-light-preemption systems like those described in the two immediately preceding articles and in "Systems Would Preempt Traffic Lights for Emergency Vehicles" (NPO-30573), NASA Tech Briefs, Vol. 28, No. 10 (October 2004), page 36. Preempting traffic lights is not, by itself, sufficient to warn pedestrians at affected intersections that emergency vehicles are approaching. Automated visual displays that warn of approaching emergency vehicles can be helpful as a supplement to preemption of traffic lights, but experience teaches that for a variety of reasons, pedestrians often do not see such displays. Moreover, in noisy and crowded urban settings, the lights and sirens on emergency vehicles are often not noticed until a few seconds before the vehicles arrive. According to the proposal, the traffic-light preemption subsystem at each intersection would generate an audible announcement for example, emergency vehicle approaching, please clear intersection whenever a preemption was triggered. The subsystem would estimate the time of arrival of an approaching emergency vehicle by use of vehicle identity, position, and time data from one or more sources that could include units connected to traffic loops and/or transponders connected to diagnostic and navigation systems in participating emergency vehicles. The intersection-based subsystem would then start the announcement far enough in advance to enable pedestrians to leave the roadway before any emergency vehicles arrive.

Power sources for search and rescue 406 MHz beacons

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Attia, Alan I.; Perrone, David E.

1987-01-01

The results of a study directed at the selection of a commercially available, safe, low cost, light weight and long storage life battery for search and rescue (Sarsat) 406 MHz emergency beacons are presented. In the course of this work, five electrochemical systems (lithium-manganese dioxide, lithium-carbon monofluoride, lithium-silver vanadium oxide, alkaline cells, and cadmium-mercuric oxide) were selected for limited experimental studies to determine their suitability for this application. Two safe, commercially available batteries (lithium-manganese dioxide and lithium-carbon monofluoride) which meet the near term requirements and several alternatives for the long term were identified.

46 CFR 112.43-1 - Switches.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Switches. 112.43-1 Section 112.43-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Lighting Systems § 112.43-1 Switches. An emergency lighting system must not have a switch, except...

46 CFR 112.43-1 - Switches.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Switches. 112.43-1 Section 112.43-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Lighting Systems § 112.43-1 Switches. An emergency lighting system must not have a switch, except...

46 CFR 112.43-1 - Switches.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Switches. 112.43-1 Section 112.43-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Lighting Systems § 112.43-1 Switches. An emergency lighting system must not have a switch, except...

46 CFR 112.43-1 - Switches.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Switches. 112.43-1 Section 112.43-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Lighting Systems § 112.43-1 Switches. An emergency lighting system must not have a switch, except...

46 CFR 112.43-1 - Switches.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Switches. 112.43-1 Section 112.43-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Lighting Systems § 112.43-1 Switches. An emergency lighting system must not have a switch, except...

46 CFR 196.15-30 - Emergency lighting and power systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Emergency lighting and power systems. 196.15-30 Section 196.15-30 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS OPERATIONS Test, Drills, and Inspections § 196.15-30 Emergency lighting and power systems. (a...

Validation of alternate light sources for detection of bruises in non-embalmed and embalmed cadavers.

PubMed

Olds, Kelly; Byard, Roger W; Winskog, Calle; Langlois, Neil E I

2017-03-01

Bruising is frequently documented in cases of violence for use as forensic evidence. However, bruises can be overlooked if they are not visible to the naked eye. Alternate light sources such as ultraviolet, narrow band, and infrared have been used in an attempt to reveal the presence of bruising that is not otherwise apparent. However, there is a significant gap in knowledge surrounding this technique as it has not been validated against histology to confirm that bruising is genuinely being enhanced. A recent study evaluated the ability of alternate light sources to enhance visibility of bruises using a pigskin model. However, histological confirmation of bruising in humans using these light sources has not yet been performed. In this study, embalmed and non-embalmed human cadavers were used. Bodies were surveyed with alternate light sources, and enhanced regions that were unapparent under white light were photographed with the alternate light sources and sampled for histological assessment. Immunohistochemical staining for the red blood cell surface protein glycophorin was used determine if the enhanced area was a bruise (defined by the presence of extravasated erythrocytes). Photographs of areas confirmed to be bruises were analyzed using the program Fiji to measure enhancement, which was defined as an increase in the measured transverse diameter. In the non-embalmed and the embalmed cadavers violet alternate light produced the greatest enhancement of histologically confirmed bruises, followed by blue (both p < 0.0001). Regions that were not confirmed as bruises also enhanced, indicating that light sources may not be specific. This suggests that the use of light sources to enhance the visibility of bruising should be undertaken with caution and further studies are required.

46 CFR 112.43-13 - Navigation light indicator panel supply.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Navigation light indicator panel supply. 112.43-13 Section 112.43-13 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Lighting Systems § 112.43-13 Navigation light indicator panel...

46 CFR 112.43-13 - Navigation light indicator panel supply.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Navigation light indicator panel supply. 112.43-13 Section 112.43-13 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Lighting Systems § 112.43-13 Navigation light indicator panel...

46 CFR 112.43-13 - Navigation light indicator panel supply.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Navigation light indicator panel supply. 112.43-13 Section 112.43-13 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Lighting Systems § 112.43-13 Navigation light indicator panel...

46 CFR 112.43-13 - Navigation light indicator panel supply.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Navigation light indicator panel supply. 112.43-13 Section 112.43-13 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Lighting Systems § 112.43-13 Navigation light indicator panel...

46 CFR 112.43-13 - Navigation light indicator panel supply.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Navigation light indicator panel supply. 112.43-13 Section 112.43-13 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Lighting Systems § 112.43-13 Navigation light indicator panel...

Low-level Light Therapy for Treatment of Diabetic Foot Ulcer: A Review of Clinical Experiences.

PubMed

Tchanque-Fossuo, Catherine N; Ho, Derek; Dahle, Sara E; Koo, Eugene; Isseroff, R Rivkah; Jagdeo, Jared

2016-07-01

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) represent a significant complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). DFU affect one in four patients with DM and treatments of DFU are limited and challenging. The management of DFU remains a significant healthcare and socioeconomic burden ($245 billion). There is a wide range of advanced therapies for DFU, but these are costly and have demonstrated only minimal efficacy in limited published studies. An emerging treatment modality to improve DFU and optimize wound healing is the use of low-level light therapy (LLLT). LLLT involves the use of light in the form of low-level or low-power laser or light emitting diodes to alter biochemical pathways, which may result in changes to cell shape, cell migration, and cell signaling.
To review published clinical experiences (case series and case reports) using LLLT for treatment of DFU, and provide evidence-based recommendations and future directions on the potential of LLLT as a therapeutic modality for DFU.
On January 16, 2016 we searched the published literature using databases: PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Web of Science with key terms: "diabetic foot" AND ("low level laser therapy" OR "low level light therapy" OR "LLLT" OR "light emitting diode" OR "phototherapy" OR "laser").
After screening of titles, abstracts and/or full-text, 7 original articles were suitable in our review. Our review contains 5 case series and 2 case reports that evaluated LLLT for treatment of DFU, and all reviewed studies have shown positive improvement of DFU using LLLT with no adverse events, albeit with limitations that may be minimized with future RCTs.
LLLT is an emerging and promising treatment modality to current alternatives that are costly and have shown limited success. Based upon the published evidence, we envision additional research may allow for stronger recommendation with LLLT for treatment of DFU.

J Drugs Dermatol. 2016;15(7):843-848.

SKIP Is a Component of the Spliceosome Linking Alternative Splicing and the Circadian Clock in Arabidopsis[W

PubMed Central

Wang, Xiaoxue; Wu, Fangming; Xie, Qiguang; Wang, Huamei; Wang, Ying; Yue, Yanling; Gahura, Ondrej; Ma, Shuangshuang; Liu, Lei; Cao, Ying; Jiao, Yuling; Puta, Frantisek; McClung, C. Robertson; Xu, Xiaodong; Ma, Ligeng

2012-01-01

Circadian clocks generate endogenous rhythms in most organisms from cyanobacteria to humans and facilitate entrainment to environmental diurnal cycles, thus conferring a fitness advantage. Both transcriptional and posttranslational mechanisms are prominent in the basic network architecture of circadian systems. Posttranscriptional regulation, including mRNA processing, is emerging as a critical step for clock function. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms linking RNA metabolism to the circadian clock network. Here, we report that a conserved SNW/Ski-interacting protein (SKIP) domain protein, SKIP, a splicing factor and component of the spliceosome, is involved in posttranscriptional regulation of circadian clock genes in Arabidopsis thaliana. Mutation in SKIP lengthens the circadian period in a temperature-sensitive manner and affects light input and the sensitivity of the clock to light resetting. SKIP physically interacts with the spliceosomal splicing factor Ser/Arg-rich protein45 and associates with the pre-mRNA of clock genes, such as PSEUDORESPONSE REGULATOR7 (PRR7) and PRR9, and is necessary for the regulation of their alternative splicing and mRNA maturation. Genome-wide investigations reveal that SKIP functions in regulating alternative splicing of many genes, presumably through modulating recognition or cleavage of 5′ and 3′ splice donor and acceptor sites. Our study addresses a fundamental question on how the mRNA splicing machinery contributes to circadian clock function at a posttranscriptional level. PMID:22942380

46 CFR 112.01-20 - Final emergency power source.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Final emergency power source. 112.01-20 Section 112.01-20 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Definitions of Emergency Lighting and Power Systems § 112.01-20 Final emergency...

46 CFR 112.01-20 - Final emergency power source.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Final emergency power source. 112.01-20 Section 112.01-20 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Definitions of Emergency Lighting and Power Systems § 112.01-20 Final emergency...

46 CFR 112.01-20 - Final emergency power source.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Final emergency power source. 112.01-20 Section 112.01-20 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Definitions of Emergency Lighting and Power Systems § 112.01-20 Final emergency...

46 CFR 112.01-20 - Final emergency power source.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Final emergency power source. 112.01-20 Section 112.01-20 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Definitions of Emergency Lighting and Power Systems § 112.01-20 Final emergency...

46 CFR 112.01-20 - Final emergency power source.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Final emergency power source. 112.01-20 Section 112.01-20 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Definitions of Emergency Lighting and Power Systems § 112.01-20 Final emergency...

46 CFR 109.211 - Testing of emergency lighting and power systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Testing of emergency lighting and power systems. 109.211 Section 109.211 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS OPERATIONS Tests, Drills, and Inspections § 109.211 Testing of emergency lighting and power...

46 CFR 109.211 - Testing of emergency lighting and power systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Testing of emergency lighting and power systems. 109.211 Section 109.211 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS OPERATIONS Tests, Drills, and Inspections § 109.211 Testing of emergency lighting and power...

46 CFR 109.211 - Testing of emergency lighting and power systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Testing of emergency lighting and power systems. 109.211 Section 109.211 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS OPERATIONS Tests, Drills, and Inspections § 109.211 Testing of emergency lighting and power...

46 CFR 109.211 - Testing of emergency lighting and power systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Testing of emergency lighting and power systems. 109.211 Section 109.211 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS OPERATIONS Tests, Drills, and Inspections § 109.211 Testing of emergency lighting and power...

46 CFR 109.211 - Testing of emergency lighting and power systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Testing of emergency lighting and power systems. 109.211 Section 109.211 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS OPERATIONS Tests, Drills, and Inspections § 109.211 Testing of emergency lighting and power...

14 CFR 23.812 - Emergency lighting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... light that illuminates in the cockpit when power is on in the airplane and the emergency lighting... station and be provided with automatic activation. The cockpit control device must have “on,” “off,” and... “armed” or “on” positions. (e) The cockpit control device must have provisions to allow the emergency...

Study of the properties of new SPM detectors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stewart, A. G.; Greene-O'Sullivan, E.; Herbert, D. J.; Saveliev, V.; Quinlan, F.; Wall, L.; Hughes, P. J.; Mathewson, A.; Jackson, J. C.

2006-02-01

The operation and performance of multi-pixel, Geiger-mode APD structures referred to as Silicon Photomultiplier (SPM) are reported. The SPM is a solid state device that has emerged over the last decade as a promising alternative to vacuum PMTs. This is due to their comparable performance in addition to their lower bias operation and power consumption, insensitivity to magnetic fields and ambient light, smaller size and ruggedness. Applications for these detectors are numerous and include life sciences, nuclear medicine, particle physics, microscopy and general instrumentation. With SPM devices, many geometrical and device parameters can be adjusted to optimize their performance for a particular application. In this paper, Monte Carlo simulations and experimental results for 1mm2 SPM structures are reported. In addition, trade-offs involved in optimizing the SPM in terms of the number and size of pixels for a given light intensity, and its affect on the dynamic range are discussed.

Room-temperature Synthesis of Amorphous Molybdenum Oxide Nanodots with Tunable Localized Surface Plasmon Resonances.

PubMed

Zhu, Chuanhui; Xu, Qun; Ji, Liang; Ren, Yumei; Fang, Mingming

2017-12-05

Two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors have recently emerged as a remarkable class of plasmonic alternative to conventional noble metals. However, tuning of their plasmonic resonances towards different wavelengths in the visible-light region with physical or chemical methods still remains challenging. In this work, we design a simple room-temperature chemical reaction route to synthesize amorphous molybdenum oxide (MoO 3-x ) nanodots that exhibit strong localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPR) in the visible and near-infrared region. Moreover, tunable plasmon resonances can be achieved in a wide range with the changing surrounding solvent, and accordingly the photoelectrocatalytic activity can be optimized with the varying LSPR peaks. This work boosts the light-matter interaction at the nanoscale and could enable photodetectors, sensors, and photovoltaic devices in the future. © 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Understanding bladder management on a palliative care unit: a grounded theory study.

PubMed

Gutmanis, Iris; Hay, Melissa; Shadd, Joshua; Byrne, Janette; McCallum, Sarah; Bishop, Kristen; Whitfield, Patricia; Faulds, Cathy

2017-03-16

Research regarding factors associated with nursing-initiated changes to bladder management at end-of-life is sparse. To explore the process of Palliative Care Unit (PCU) nurses' approach to bladder management changes. Nursing staff from one PCU in London, Canada were interviewed regarding bladder management care practices. A constructivist grounded theory was generated. Four interconnected themes emerged: humanity (compassionate support of patients); journey (making the most of a finite timeline); health condition (illness, functional decline); and context (orders, policies, supplies). These overlapping themes must be considered in light of ongoing changes which prompt recycling through the framework. While bladder management necessitates shared decision-making and individualised care, nurses' phronetic experience may serve to detect the presence of change and the need to consider other alternatives. End-of-life bladder management requires nurses to continually reconsider the significance of humanity, journey, health condition and context in light of ongoing changes.

Physicochemical Requirements Inferred for Chemical Self-Organization Hardly Support an Emergence of Life in the Deep Oceans of Icy Moons.

PubMed

Pascal, Robert

2016-05-01

An approach to the origin of life, focused on the property of entities capable of reproducing themselves far from equilibrium, has been developed recently. Independently, the possibility of the emergence of life in the hydrothermal systems possibly present in the deep oceans below the frozen crust of some of the moons of Jupiter and Saturn has been raised. The present report is aimed at investigating the mutual compatibility of these alternative views. In this approach, the habitability concept deduced from the limits of life on Earth is considered to be inappropriate with regard to emerging life due to the requirement for an energy source of sufficient potential (equivalent to the potential of visible light). For these icy moons, no driving force would have been present to assist the process of emergence, which would then have had to rely exclusively on highly improbable events, thereby making the presence of life unlikely on these Solar System bodies, that is, unless additional processes are introduced for feeding chemical systems undergoing a transition toward life and the early living organisms. Icy moon-Bioenergetics-Chemical evolution-Habitability-Origin of life. Astrobiology 16, 328-334.

Lights and siren: a review of emergency vehicle warning systems.

PubMed

De Lorenzo, R A; Eilers, M A

1991-12-01

Emergency medical services providers routinely respond to emergencies using lights and siren. This practice is not without risk of collision. Audible and visual warning devices and vehicle markings are integral to efficient negotiation of traffic and reduction of collision risk. An understanding of warning system characteristics is necessary to implement appropriate guidelines for prehospital transportation systems. The pertinent literature on emergency vehicle warning systems is reviewed, with emphasis on potential health hazards associated with these techniques. Important findings inferred from the literature are 1) red flashing lights alone may not be as effective as other color combinations, 2) there are no data to support a seizure risk with strobe lights, 3) lime-yellow is probably superior to traditional emergency vehicle colors, 4) the siren is an extremely limited warning device, and 5) exposure to siren noise can cause hearing loss. Emergency physicians must ensure that emergency medical services transportation systems consider the pertinent literature on emergency vehicle warning systems.

Emergency Lightning System

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

1980-01-01

Super Vacuum Manufacturing Company's Stem-Lite Emergency Lighting System is widely used by fire, police, ambulance and other emergency service departments. The lights -- four floodlights which provide 2,000 watts of daytime equivalent visibility and a high-intensity flashing beacon can be elevated 10 feet above the roof of an emergency vehicle by means of an extendible mast. The higher elevation expands the effective radius of the floodlights and increases the beacon's visibility to several miles affording extra warning time to approaching traffic. When not in use, the light can be retracted into the compact rooftop housing. Stem-Lite also includes a generator which can serve to power such emergency equipment as pumps and drills, and a dashboard-mounted control panel for switching the lights and extending or retracting the mast.

44 CFR 78.14 - Alternative procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 44 Emergency Management and Assistance 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Alternative procedures. 78.14 Section 78.14 Emergency Management and Assistance FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY INSURANCE AND HAZARD MITIGATION National Flood Insurance Program FLOOD MITIGATION...

44 CFR 78.14 - Alternative procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 44 Emergency Management and Assistance 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Alternative procedures. 78.14 Section 78.14 Emergency Management and Assistance FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY INSURANCE AND HAZARD MITIGATION National Flood Insurance Program FLOOD MITIGATION...

44 CFR 78.14 - Alternative procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 44 Emergency Management and Assistance 1 2012-10-01 2011-10-01 true Alternative procedures. 78.14 Section 78.14 Emergency Management and Assistance FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY INSURANCE AND HAZARD MITIGATION National Flood Insurance Program FLOOD MITIGATION...

44 CFR 78.14 - Alternative procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 44 Emergency Management and Assistance 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Alternative procedures. 78.14 Section 78.14 Emergency Management and Assistance FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY INSURANCE AND HAZARD MITIGATION National Flood Insurance Program FLOOD MITIGATION...

44 CFR 78.14 - Alternative procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 44 Emergency Management and Assistance 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Alternative procedures. 78.14 Section 78.14 Emergency Management and Assistance FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY INSURANCE AND HAZARD MITIGATION National Flood Insurance Program FLOOD MITIGATION...

Potentiality of botanical agents for the management of post harvest insects of maize: a review.

PubMed

Soujanya, P Lakshmi; Sekhar, J C; Kumar, P; Sunil, N; Prasad, Ch Vara; Mallavadhani, U V

2016-05-01

Natural products derived from plants are emerging as potent biorational alternatives to synthetic insecticides for the integrated management of post harvest insects of maize. In this paper, effectiveness of botanicals including plant extracts, essential oils, their isolated pure compounds, plant based nano formulations and their mode of action against storage insects have been reviewed with special reference to maize. Plant based insecticides found to be the most promising means of controlling storage insects of maize in an eco friendly and sustainable manner. This article also throws light on the commercialization of botanicals, their limitations, challenges and future trends of storage insect management.

High-Throughput Cancer Cell Sphere Formation for Characterizing the Efficacy of Photo Dynamic Therapy in 3D Cell Cultures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Yu-Chih; Lou, Xia; Zhang, Zhixiong; Ingram, Patrick; Yoon, Euisik

2015-07-01

Photodynamic therapy (PDT), wherein light sensitive non-toxic agents are locally and selectively activated using light, has emerged as an appealing alternative to traditional cancer chemotherapy. Yet to date, PDT efficacy has been mostly characterized using 2D cultures. Compared to 2D cultures, 3D sphere culture generates unique spatial distributions of nutrients and oxygen for the cells that better mimics the in-vivo conditions. Using a novel polyHEMA (non-adherent polymer) fabrication process, we developed a microfluidic sphere formation platform that can (1) generate 1,024 uniform (size variation <10%) cancer spheres within a 2 cm by 2 cm core area, (2) culture spheres for more than 2 weeks, and (3) allow the retrieval of spheres. Using the presented platform, we have successfully characterized the different responses in 2D and 3D cell culture to PDT. Furthermore, we investigated the treatment resistance effect in cancer cells induced by tumor associated fibroblasts (CAF). Although the CAFs can enhance the resistance to traditional chemotherapy agents, no significant difference in PDT was observed. The preliminary results suggest that the PDT can be an attractive alternative cancer therapy, which is less affected by the therapeutic resistance induced by cancer associated cells.

Antimicrobial blue light inactivation of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Yucheng; Dai, Tianhong; Gu, Ying

2016-10-01

Background: With the increasing emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial strains, there is a pressing need for the development of alternative treatment for infections. Antimicrobial blue light (aBL) has provided a simple and effective approach. Methods: We first investigated the effectiveness of aBL (415 nm) inactivation of USA300 LAClux (a communityacquired Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain) both in the planktonic and biofilm forms. The survival of the bacteria in suspensions was determined by serial dilution and that of the biofilm-embedded bacteria was determined by bioluminescence quantification. Using a mouse model of thermal burn infected with USA300 LAClux, we further assessed the effectiveness of aBL for treating localized infections. Bioluminescence imaging was performed to monitor in real time bacterial viability in vivo. Results: In vitro study showed that, for the planktonic counterpart of the bacteria or the 24-h-old biofilms, an irradiance of 55 mW/cm2 for 60 min resulted in a 4.61 log10 or 2.56 log10 inactivation, respectively. In vivo study using infected mouse burns demonstrated that a 2.56-log10 inactivation was achieved after 100-mW/cm2 irradiation for 62 min. Conclusions: aBL is a potential alternative approach for treating Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections.

46 CFR 112.01-15 - Temporary emergency power source.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Temporary emergency power source. 112.01-15 Section 112.01-15 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Definitions of Emergency Lighting and Power Systems § 112.01-15...

46 CFR 112.01-15 - Temporary emergency power source.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Temporary emergency power source. 112.01-15 Section 112.01-15 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Definitions of Emergency Lighting and Power Systems § 112.01-15...

46 CFR 112.01-15 - Temporary emergency power source.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Temporary emergency power source. 112.01-15 Section 112.01-15 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Definitions of Emergency Lighting and Power Systems § 112.01-15...

46 CFR 112.01-15 - Temporary emergency power source.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Temporary emergency power source. 112.01-15 Section 112.01-15 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Definitions of Emergency Lighting and Power Systems § 112.01-15...

14 CFR Appendix J to Part 25 - Emergency Evacuation

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: TRANSPORT CATEGORY AIRPLANES Pt. 25, App. J Appendix J to Part 25—Emergency Evacuation...-candles prior to the activation of the airplane emergency lighting system. The source(s) of the initial... airplane emergency lighting system. (b) The airplane must be in a normal attitude with landing gear...

46 CFR 112.01-15 - Temporary emergency power source.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Temporary emergency power source. 112.01-15 Section 112.01-15 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Definitions of Emergency Lighting and Power Systems § 112.01-15...

Alternative Fuels Data Center

Science.gov Websites

Light-Duty Alternative Fuel Vehicle Rebates The Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ ) administers the Light-Duty Motor Vehicle Purchase or Lease Incentive Program for the purchase or lease of a new light-duty vehicle powered by compressed natural gas (CNG), propane, hydrogen, or electricity. CNG

The imperative for emergency medicine to create its own alternative payment model.

PubMed

Medford-Davis, Laura N

2017-06-01

Seven years after the Affordable Care Act legislated Alternative Payment Models, it is time for Emergency Medicine to find its place within this value-based trend by developing its own Alternative Payment Model. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

75 FR 20421 - Intent To Prepare an Environmental Impact Statement for Expansion of Light Rail Transit Service...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-19

... associated with the construction and operation of the Glassboro-Camden Line (GCL) light rail system, as well as assess and document a No-Action Alternative and a Transportation System Management (TSM... and benefits of the GCL alternatives. Transportation System Management (TSM) Alternative: The TSM...

49 CFR Appendix B to Part 234 - Alternate Methods of Protection Under 49 CFR 234.105(c), 234.106, and 234.107(c)

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Protection Under 49 CFR 234.105(c), 234.106, and 234.107(c) [This is a summary—see body of text for complete... pair of lights designed to flash alternatively, one light does not work (and back-lights from other...

10 CFR 490.304 - Which new light duty motor vehicles are covered.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 10 Energy 3 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Which new light duty motor vehicles are covered. 490.304 Section 490.304 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION ALTERNATIVE FUEL TRANSPORTATION PROGRAM Alternative Fuel Provider Vehicle Acquisition Mandate § 490.304 Which new light duty motor vehicles are...

10 CFR 490.304 - Which new light duty motor vehicles are covered.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Which new light duty motor vehicles are covered. 490.304 Section 490.304 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION ALTERNATIVE FUEL TRANSPORTATION PROGRAM Alternative Fuel Provider Vehicle Acquisition Mandate § 490.304 Which new light duty motor vehicles are...

10 CFR 490.304 - Which new light duty motor vehicles are covered.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 10 Energy 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Which new light duty motor vehicles are covered. 490.304 Section 490.304 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION ALTERNATIVE FUEL TRANSPORTATION PROGRAM Alternative Fuel Provider Vehicle Acquisition Mandate § 490.304 Which new light duty motor vehicles are...

10 CFR 490.304 - Which new light duty motor vehicles are covered.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 10 Energy 3 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Which new light duty motor vehicles are covered. 490.304 Section 490.304 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION ALTERNATIVE FUEL TRANSPORTATION PROGRAM Alternative Fuel Provider Vehicle Acquisition Mandate § 490.304 Which new light duty motor vehicles are...

10 CFR 490.304 - Which new light duty motor vehicles are covered.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 10 Energy 3 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Which new light duty motor vehicles are covered. 490.304 Section 490.304 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION ALTERNATIVE FUEL TRANSPORTATION PROGRAM Alternative Fuel Provider Vehicle Acquisition Mandate § 490.304 Which new light duty motor vehicles are...

27 CFR 22.22 - Alternate methods or procedures; and emergency variations from requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Alternate methods or procedures; and emergency variations from requirements. 22.22 Section 22.22 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and... OF TAX-FREE ALCOHOL Administrative Provisions Authorities § 22.22 Alternate methods or procedures...

27 CFR 22.22 - Alternate methods or procedures; and emergency variations from requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Alternate methods or procedures; and emergency variations from requirements. 22.22 Section 22.22 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and... OF TAX-FREE ALCOHOL Administrative Provisions Authorities § 22.22 Alternate methods or procedures...

27 CFR 22.22 - Alternate methods or procedures; and emergency variations from requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Alternate methods or procedures; and emergency variations from requirements. 22.22 Section 22.22 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and... OF TAX-FREE ALCOHOL Administrative Provisions Authorities § 22.22 Alternate methods or procedures...

27 CFR 22.22 - Alternate methods or procedures; and emergency variations from requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Alternate methods or procedures; and emergency variations from requirements. 22.22 Section 22.22 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and... OF TAX-FREE ALCOHOL Administrative Provisions Authorities § 22.22 Alternate methods or procedures...

27 CFR 22.22 - Alternate methods or procedures; and emergency variations from requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Alternate methods or procedures; and emergency variations from requirements. 22.22 Section 22.22 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and... OF TAX-FREE ALCOHOL Administrative Provisions Authorities § 22.22 Alternate methods or procedures...

Broad-band absorbers for reduction of parasitic light: two alternative solutions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Giovannini, Hughes; Lemarquis, F.; Akhouayri, H.; Cathelinaud, Michel; Torchio, Philippe; Amra, C.; Cousin, Bernard; Laubier, D.; Otrio, Georges

2018-04-01

This paper, "Broad-band absorbers for reduction of parasitic light: two alternative solutions," was presented as part of International Conference on Space Optics—ICSO 1997, held in Toulouse, France.

Revisiting Bourdieu: Alternative Educational Systems in the Light of the Theory of Social and Cultural Reproduction

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Azaola, Marta Cristina

2012-01-01

The paper reflects upon the principles and practice of an alternative educational system operating in rural Mexico in the light of Bourdieu's theory of cultural and social reproduction. Bourdieu's theory seeks to explain processes of reproduction of power relations within schools and society; whereas alternative educational systems seek to expand…

Transitioning to Low-GWP Alternatives in Residential and Light Commercial Air Conditioning

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This fact sheet provides current information on low global warming potential (GWP) alternatives for new equipment in residential and light commercial air conditioning (AC), in lieu of high-GWP hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs).

Pulse Oximetry in the Physics Lab: A Colorful Alternative to Traditional Optics Curricula

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kutschera, Ellynne; Dunlap, Justin C.; Byrd, Misti; Norlin, Casey; Widenhorn, Ralf

2013-01-01

We designed a physics laboratory exercise around pulse oximetry, a noninvasive medical technique used to assess a patient's blood oxygen saturation. An alternative to a traditional optics and light lab, this exercise teaches the principles of light absorption, spectroscopy, and the properties of light, while simultaneously studying a common…

Implications of the Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act (EMTALA) during public health emergencies and on alternate sites of care.

PubMed

Roszak, Andrew R; Jensen, Frances R; Wild, Richard E; Yeskey, Kevin; Handrigan, Michael T

2009-12-01

Hospitals throughout the country are using innovative strategies to accommodate the surge of patients brought on by the novel H1N1 virus. One strategy has been to help decompress the amount of patients seeking care within emergency departments by using alternate sites of care, such as tents, parking lots, and community centers as triage, staging, and screening areas. As at any other time an individual presents on hospital property, hospitals and providers must be mindful of the requirements of the Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act. In this article we review the act and its implications during public health emergencies, with a particular focus on its implications on alternative sites of care.

Pulsed Light Treatment of Different Food Types with a Special Focus on Meat: A Critical Review.

PubMed

Heinrich, V; Zunabovic, M; Varzakas, T; Bergmair, J; Kneifel, W

2016-01-01

Today, the increasing demand for minimally processed foods that are at the same moment nutritious, organoleptically satisfactory, and free from microbial hazards challenges the research and development to establish alternative methods to reduce the level of bacterial contamination. As one of the recent emerging nonthermal methods, pulsed light (PL) constitutes a technology for the fast, mild, and residue-free surface decontamination of food and food contact materials in the processing environment. Via high frequency, high intensity pulses of broad-spectrum light rich in the UV fraction, viable cells as well as spores are inactivated in a nonselective multi-target process that rapidly overwhelms cell functions and subsequently leads to cell death. This review provides specific information on the technology of pulsed light and its suitability for unpackaged and packaged meat and meat products as well as food contact materials like production surfaces, cutting tools, and packaging materials. The advantages, limitations, risks, and essential process criteria to work efficiently are illustrated and discussed with relation to implementation on industrial level and future aspects. Other issues addressed by this paper are the need to take care of the associated parameters such as alteration of the product and utilized packaging material to satisfy consumers and other stakeholders.

Alternative splicing and nonsense-mediated decay of circadian clock genes under environmental stress conditions in Arabidopsis

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

Background The circadian clock enables living organisms to anticipate recurring daily and seasonal fluctuations in their growth habitats and synchronize their biology to the environmental cycle. The plant circadian clock consists of multiple transcription-translation feedback loops that are entrained by environmental signals, such as light and temperature. In recent years, alternative splicing emerges as an important molecular mechanism that modulates the clock function in plants. Several clock genes are known to undergo alternative splicing in response to changes in environmental conditions, suggesting that the clock function is intimately associated with environmental responses via the alternative splicing of the clock genes. However, the alternative splicing events of the clock genes have not been studied at the molecular level. Results We systematically examined whether major clock genes undergo alternative splicing under various environmental conditions in Arabidopsis. We also investigated the fates of the RNA splice variants of the clock genes. It was found that the clock genes, including EARLY FLOWERING 3 (ELF3) and ZEITLUPE (ZTL) that have not been studied in terms of alternative splicing, undergo extensive alternative splicing through diverse modes of splicing events, such as intron retention, exon skipping, and selection of alternative 5′ splice site. Their alternative splicing patterns were differentially influenced by changes in photoperiod, temperature extremes, and salt stress. Notably, the RNA splice variants of TIMING OF CAB EXPRESSION 1 (TOC1) and ELF3 were degraded through the nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) pathway, whereas those of other clock genes were insensitive to NMD. Conclusion Taken together, our observations demonstrate that the major clock genes examined undergo extensive alternative splicing under various environmental conditions, suggesting that alternative splicing is a molecular scheme that underlies the linkage between the clock and environmental stress adaptation in plants. It is also envisioned that alternative splicing of the clock genes plays more complex roles than previously expected. PMID:24885185

46 CFR 112.43-11 - Illumination for launching operations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 112.43-11 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Lighting Systems § 112.43-11 Illumination for launching operations. Branch circuits supplying power to lights for survival craft launching operations must supply no...

46 CFR 112.43-11 - Illumination for launching operations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 112.43-11 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Lighting Systems § 112.43-11 Illumination for launching operations. Branch circuits supplying power to lights for survival craft launching operations must supply no...

46 CFR 112.43-11 - Illumination for launching operations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 112.43-11 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Lighting Systems § 112.43-11 Illumination for launching operations. Branch circuits supplying power to lights for survival craft launching operations must supply no...

46 CFR 112.43-11 - Illumination for launching operations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 112.43-11 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Lighting Systems § 112.43-11 Illumination for launching operations. Branch circuits supplying power to lights for survival craft launching operations must supply no...

46 CFR 112.43-11 - Illumination for launching operations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 112.43-11 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Lighting Systems § 112.43-11 Illumination for launching operations. Branch circuits supplying power to lights for survival craft launching operations must supply no...

Effect of dividing daylight in symmetric prismatic daylight collector

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yeh, Shih-Chuan; Lu, Ju-Lin; Cheng, Yu-Chin

2017-04-01

This paper presented a symmetric prismatic daylight collector to collect daylight for the natural light illumination system. We analyzed the characteristics of the emerging light when the parallel light beam illuminate on the horizontally placed symmetric prismatic daylight collector. The ratio of the relative intensities of collected daylight that emerging from each surface of the daylight collector shown that the ratio is varied with the incident angle during a day. The simulation of the emerging light of the daylight collector shown that the ratio of emerging light is varied with the tilted angle when sunshine illuminated on a symmetric prismatic daylight collector which was not placed horizontally. The integration of normalized intensity is also varied with the tilted angle. The symmetric prismatic daylight collector with the benefits of reducing glare and dividing intensity of incident daylight, it is applicable to using in the natural light illumination system and hybrid system for improving the efficiency of utilizing of solar energy.

Heating device for semiconductor wafers

DOEpatents

Vosen, Steven R.

1999-01-01

An apparatus for heat treating semiconductor wafers is disclosed. The apparatus includes a heating device which contains an assembly of light energy sources for emitting light energy onto a wafer. In particular, the light energy sources are positioned such that many different radial heating zones are created on a wafer being heated. For instance, in one embodiment, the light energy sources form a spiral configuration. In an alternative embodiment, the light energy sources appear to be randomly dispersed with respect to each other so that no discernable pattern is present. In a third alternative embodiment of the present invention, the light energy sources form concentric rings. Tuning light sources are then placed in between the concentric rings of light.

Heating device for semiconductor wafers

DOEpatents

Vosen, S.R.

1999-07-27

An apparatus for heat treating semiconductor wafers is disclosed. The apparatus includes a heating device which contains an assembly of light energy sources for emitting light energy onto a wafer. In particular, the light energy sources are positioned such that many different radial heating zones are created on a wafer being heated. For instance, in one embodiment, the light energy sources form a spiral configuration. In an alternative embodiment, the light energy sources appear to be randomly dispersed with respect to each other so that no discernible pattern is present. In a third alternative embodiment of the present invention, the light energy sources form concentric rings. Tuning light sources are then placed in between the concentric rings of light. 4 figs.

Survival of the hospital emergency department: strategic alternatives for the future.

PubMed

Widra, L S; Fottler, M D

1988-01-01

Diverse and pervasive environmental forces are reshaping hospital emergency services as hospitals strive to respond to consumer preferences related to cost and convenience. Complacency can no longer serve as a standard operating procedure for hospital emergency departments competing against lower-priced, consumer-oriented, free-standing facilities. Strategic alternatives, a five-step strategy for survival and growth, and a projection of future models of hospital emergency services are examined.

46 CFR 196.15-30 - Emergency lighting and power systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Emergency lighting and power systems. 196.15-30 Section 196.15-30 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH... the system is in proper operating condition. (b) Internal combustion engine driven emergency...

46 CFR 196.15-30 - Emergency lighting and power systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Emergency lighting and power systems. 196.15-30 Section 196.15-30 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH... the system is in proper operating condition. (b) Internal combustion engine driven emergency...

46 CFR 196.15-30 - Emergency lighting and power systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Emergency lighting and power systems. 196.15-30 Section 196.15-30 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH... the system is in proper operating condition. (b) Internal combustion engine driven emergency...

46 CFR 196.15-30 - Emergency lighting and power systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Emergency lighting and power systems. 196.15-30 Section 196.15-30 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH... the system is in proper operating condition. (b) Internal combustion engine driven emergency...

Lease vs. Purchase Analysis of Alternative Fuel Vehicles in the United States Marine Corps

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-12-01

data (2004 to 2009) for the largest populations of AFVs in the light-duty category and then apply a model that will compare the two alternatives based...the largest populations of AFVs in the light-duty category and then apply a model that will compare the two alternatives based on their relative net...28 IV. THE MODEL

Lease VS Purchase Analysis of Alternative Fuel Vehicles in the United States Marine Corps

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-10-30

the light-duty category and then apply a model that will compare the two alternatives based on their relative net present values. An aggregated view of... model that will compare the two alternatives based on their relative net present values. An aggregated view of several different light-duty AFV...Summary .......................................................................................32  IV.  The Model

On the optimal sizing of batteries for electric vehicles and the influence of fast charge

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Verbrugge, Mark W.; Wampler, Charles W.

2018-04-01

We provide a brief summary of advanced battery technologies and a framework (i.e., a simple model) for assessing electric-vehicle (EV) architectures and associated costs to the customer. The end result is a qualitative model that can be used to calculate the optimal EV range (which maps back to the battery size and performance), including the influence of fast charge. We are seeing two technological pathways emerging: fast-charge-capable batteries versus batteries with much higher energy densities (and specific energies) but without the capability to fast charge. How do we compare and contrast the two alternatives? This work seeks to shed light on the question. We consider costs associated with the cells, added mass due to the use of larger batteries, and charging, three factors common in such analyses. In addition, we consider a new cost input, namely, the cost of adaption, corresponding to the days a customer would need an alternative form of transportation, as the EV would not have sufficient range on those days.

Insulin gene therapy for type 1 diabetes mellitus.

PubMed

Handorf, Andrew M; Sollinger, Hans W; Alam, Tausif

2015-04-01

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disease resulting from the destruction of pancreatic β cells. Current treatments for patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus include daily insulin injections or whole pancreas transplant, each of which are associated with profound drawbacks. Insulin gene therapy, which has shown great efficacy in correcting hyperglycemia in animal models, holds great promise as an alternative strategy to treat type 1 diabetes mellitus in humans. Insulin gene therapy refers to the targeted expression of insulin in non-β cells, with hepatocytes emerging as the primary therapeutic target. In this review, we present an overview of the current state of insulin gene therapy to treat type 1 diabetes mellitus, including the need for an alternative therapy, important features dictating the success of the therapy, and current obstacles preventing the translation of this treatment option to a clinical setting. In so doing, we hope to shed light on insulin gene therapy as a viable option to treat type 1 diabetes mellitus.

40 CFR 264.1062 - Alternative standards for valves in gas/vapor service or in light liquid service: skip period...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... gas/vapor service or in light liquid service: skip period leak detection and repair. 264.1062 Section... Emission Standards for Equipment Leaks § 264.1062 Alternative standards for valves in gas/vapor service or in light liquid service: skip period leak detection and repair. (a) An owner or operator subject to...

40 CFR 265.1061 - Alternative standards for valves in gas/vapor service or in light liquid service: percentage of...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... gas/vapor service or in light liquid service: percentage of valves allowed to leak. 265.1061 Section... FACILITIES Air Emission Standards for Equipment Leaks § 265.1061 Alternative standards for valves in gas/vapor service or in light liquid service: percentage of valves allowed to leak. (a) An owner or operator...

40 CFR 265.1061 - Alternative standards for valves in gas/vapor service or in light liquid service: percentage of...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... gas/vapor service or in light liquid service: percentage of valves allowed to leak. 265.1061 Section... FACILITIES Air Emission Standards for Equipment Leaks § 265.1061 Alternative standards for valves in gas/vapor service or in light liquid service: percentage of valves allowed to leak. (a) An owner or operator...

40 CFR 264.1062 - Alternative standards for valves in gas/vapor service or in light liquid service: skip period...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... gas/vapor service or in light liquid service: skip period leak detection and repair. 264.1062 Section... Emission Standards for Equipment Leaks § 264.1062 Alternative standards for valves in gas/vapor service or in light liquid service: skip period leak detection and repair. (a) An owner or operator subject to...

40 CFR 265.1061 - Alternative standards for valves in gas/vapor service or in light liquid service: percentage of...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... gas/vapor service or in light liquid service: percentage of valves allowed to leak. 265.1061 Section... FACILITIES Air Emission Standards for Equipment Leaks § 265.1061 Alternative standards for valves in gas/vapor service or in light liquid service: percentage of valves allowed to leak. (a) An owner or operator...

40 CFR 265.1062 - Alternative standards for valves in gas/vapor service or in light liquid service: skip period...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... gas/vapor service or in light liquid service: skip period leak detection and repair. 265.1062 Section... FACILITIES Air Emission Standards for Equipment Leaks § 265.1062 Alternative standards for valves in gas/vapor service or in light liquid service: skip period leak detection and repair. (a) An owner or...

40 CFR 264.1062 - Alternative standards for valves in gas/vapor service or in light liquid service: skip period...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... gas/vapor service or in light liquid service: skip period leak detection and repair. 264.1062 Section... Emission Standards for Equipment Leaks § 264.1062 Alternative standards for valves in gas/vapor service or in light liquid service: skip period leak detection and repair. (a) An owner or operator subject to...

40 CFR 265.1062 - Alternative standards for valves in gas/vapor service or in light liquid service: skip period...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... gas/vapor service or in light liquid service: skip period leak detection and repair. 265.1062 Section... FACILITIES Air Emission Standards for Equipment Leaks § 265.1062 Alternative standards for valves in gas/vapor service or in light liquid service: skip period leak detection and repair. (a) An owner or...

40 CFR 264.1061 - Alternative standards for valves in gas/vapor service or in light liquid service: percentage of...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... gas/vapor service or in light liquid service: percentage of valves allowed to leak. 264.1061 Section... Emission Standards for Equipment Leaks § 264.1061 Alternative standards for valves in gas/vapor service or in light liquid service: percentage of valves allowed to leak. (a) An owner or operator subject to...

40 CFR 264.1061 - Alternative standards for valves in gas/vapor service or in light liquid service: percentage of...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... gas/vapor service or in light liquid service: percentage of valves allowed to leak. 264.1061 Section... Emission Standards for Equipment Leaks § 264.1061 Alternative standards for valves in gas/vapor service or in light liquid service: percentage of valves allowed to leak. (a) An owner or operator subject to...

40 CFR 265.1062 - Alternative standards for valves in gas/vapor service or in light liquid service: skip period...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... gas/vapor service or in light liquid service: skip period leak detection and repair. 265.1062 Section... FACILITIES Air Emission Standards for Equipment Leaks § 265.1062 Alternative standards for valves in gas/vapor service or in light liquid service: skip period leak detection and repair. (a) An owner or...

40 CFR 264.1061 - Alternative standards for valves in gas/vapor service or in light liquid service: percentage of...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... gas/vapor service or in light liquid service: percentage of valves allowed to leak. 264.1061 Section... Emission Standards for Equipment Leaks § 264.1061 Alternative standards for valves in gas/vapor service or in light liquid service: percentage of valves allowed to leak. (a) An owner or operator subject to...

40 CFR 264.1061 - Alternative standards for valves in gas/vapor service or in light liquid service: percentage of...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... gas/vapor service or in light liquid service: percentage of valves allowed to leak. 264.1061 Section... Emission Standards for Equipment Leaks § 264.1061 Alternative standards for valves in gas/vapor service or in light liquid service: percentage of valves allowed to leak. (a) An owner or operator subject to...

40 CFR 264.1062 - Alternative standards for valves in gas/vapor service or in light liquid service: skip period...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... gas/vapor service or in light liquid service: skip period leak detection and repair. 264.1062 Section... Emission Standards for Equipment Leaks § 264.1062 Alternative standards for valves in gas/vapor service or in light liquid service: skip period leak detection and repair. (a) An owner or operator subject to...

40 CFR 264.1061 - Alternative standards for valves in gas/vapor service or in light liquid service: percentage of...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... gas/vapor service or in light liquid service: percentage of valves allowed to leak. 264.1061 Section... Emission Standards for Equipment Leaks § 264.1061 Alternative standards for valves in gas/vapor service or in light liquid service: percentage of valves allowed to leak. (a) An owner or operator subject to...

40 CFR 265.1062 - Alternative standards for valves in gas/vapor service or in light liquid service: skip period...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... gas/vapor service or in light liquid service: skip period leak detection and repair. 265.1062 Section... FACILITIES Air Emission Standards for Equipment Leaks § 265.1062 Alternative standards for valves in gas/vapor service or in light liquid service: skip period leak detection and repair. (a) An owner or...

40 CFR 265.1062 - Alternative standards for valves in gas/vapor service or in light liquid service: skip period...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... gas/vapor service or in light liquid service: skip period leak detection and repair. 265.1062 Section... FACILITIES Air Emission Standards for Equipment Leaks § 265.1062 Alternative standards for valves in gas/vapor service or in light liquid service: skip period leak detection and repair. (a) An owner or...

40 CFR 265.1061 - Alternative standards for valves in gas/vapor service or in light liquid service: percentage of...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... gas/vapor service or in light liquid service: percentage of valves allowed to leak. 265.1061 Section... FACILITIES Air Emission Standards for Equipment Leaks § 265.1061 Alternative standards for valves in gas/vapor service or in light liquid service: percentage of valves allowed to leak. (a) An owner or operator...

40 CFR 265.1061 - Alternative standards for valves in gas/vapor service or in light liquid service: percentage of...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... gas/vapor service or in light liquid service: percentage of valves allowed to leak. 265.1061 Section... FACILITIES Air Emission Standards for Equipment Leaks § 265.1061 Alternative standards for valves in gas/vapor service or in light liquid service: percentage of valves allowed to leak. (a) An owner or operator...

40 CFR 264.1062 - Alternative standards for valves in gas/vapor service or in light liquid service: skip period...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... gas/vapor service or in light liquid service: skip period leak detection and repair. 264.1062 Section... Emission Standards for Equipment Leaks § 264.1062 Alternative standards for valves in gas/vapor service or in light liquid service: skip period leak detection and repair. (a) An owner or operator subject to...

46 CFR 112.43-7 - Navigating bridge distribution panel.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Navigating bridge distribution panel. 112.43-7 Section... EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Lighting Systems § 112.43-7 Navigating bridge distribution... supplied from a distribution panel on the navigating bridge: (1) Navigation lights not supplied by the...

46 CFR 112.43-7 - Navigating bridge distribution panel.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Navigating bridge distribution panel. 112.43-7 Section... EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Lighting Systems § 112.43-7 Navigating bridge distribution... supplied from a distribution panel on the navigating bridge: (1) Navigation lights not supplied by the...

Recent Advances of Light-Mediated Theranostics

PubMed Central

Ai, Xiangzhao; Mu, Jing; Xing, Bengang

2016-01-01

Currently, precision theranostics have been extensively demanded for the effective treatment of various human diseases. Currently, efficient therapy at the targeted disease areas still remains challenging since most available drug molecules lack of selectivity to the pathological sites. Among different approaches, light-mediated therapeutic strategy has recently emerged as a promising and powerful tool to precisely control the activation of therapeutic reagents and imaging probes in vitro and in vivo, mostly attributed to its unique properties including minimally invasive capability and highly spatiotemporal resolution. Although it has achieved initial success, the conventional strategies for light-mediated theranostics are mostly based on the light with short wavelength (e.g., UV or visible light), which may usually suffer from several undesired drawbacks, such as limited tissue penetration depth, unavoidable light absorption/scattering and potential phototoxicity to healthy tissues, etc. Therefore, a near-infrared (NIR) light-mediated approach on the basis of long-wavelength light (700-1000 nm) irradiation, which displays deep-tissue penetration, minimized photo-damage and low autofluoresence in living systems, has been proposed as an inspiring alternative for precisely phototherapeutic applications in the last decades. Despite numerous NIR light-responsive molecules have been currently proposed for clinical applications, several inherent drawbacks, such as troublesome synthetic procedures, low water solubility and limited accumulation abilities in targeted areas, heavily restrict their applications in deep-tissue therapeutic and imaging studies. Thanks to the amazing properties of several nanomaterials with large extinction coefficient in the NIR region, the construction of NIR light responsive nanoplatforms with multifunctions have become promising approaches for deep-seated diseases diagnosis and therapy. In this review, we summarized various light-triggered theranostic strategies and introduced their great advances in biomedical applications in recent years. Moreover, some other promising light-assisted techniques, such as photoacoustic and Cerenkov radiation, were also systemically discussed. Finally, the potential challenges and future perspectives for light-mediated deep-tissue diagnosis and therapeutics were proposed. PMID:27877246

A spatial interpretation of emerging superconductivity in lightly doped cuprates

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Deutscher, Guy; de Gennes, Pierre-Gilles

The formation of domains comprising alternating 'hole rich' and 'hole poor' ladders recently observed by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy by Kohsaka et al., on lightly hole doped cuprates, is interpreted in terms of an attractive mechanism which favors the presence of doped holes on Cu sites located each on one side of an oxygen atom. This mechanism leads to a geometrical pattern of alternating hole-rich and hole-poor ladders with a periodicity equal to 4 times the lattice spacing in the CuO plane, as observed experimentally. Cuprates supraconducteurs peu dopés : une interprétation des structures spatiales. Des arrangements électroniques réguliers ont été détectés récemment par Kohsaka et al. dans des cuprates sous dopés (via une sonde tunnel locale). Certaines paires Cu-O-Cu sont « actives », et forment une échelle. Les autres sites sont peu actifs. Pour expliquer ces structures, nous postulons que, lorsqu'une liaison Cu-O-Cu est occupée par deux trous, la distance (Cu-Cu) rétrécit et l'intégrale de transfert (t) est fortement augmentée. Ceci peut engendrer des paires localisées (réelles ou virtuelles). Aux taux de dopage étudiés, la période de répétition vaudrait 4 mailles élémentaires.

Flocking ferromagnetic colloids

PubMed Central

Kaiser, Andreas; Snezhko, Alexey; Aranson, Igor S.

2017-01-01

Assemblages of microscopic colloidal particles exhibit fascinating collective motion when energized by electric or magnetic fields. The behaviors range from coherent vortical motion to phase separation and dynamic self-assembly. Although colloidal systems are relatively simple, understanding their collective response, especially under out-of-equilibrium conditions, remains elusive. We report on the emergence of flocking and global rotation in the system of rolling ferromagnetic microparticles energized by a vertical alternating magnetic field. By combing experiments and discrete particle simulations, we have identified primary physical mechanisms, leading to the emergence of large-scale collective motion: spontaneous symmetry breaking of the clockwise/counterclockwise particle rotation, collisional alignment of particle velocities, and random particle reorientations due to shape imperfections. We have also shown that hydrodynamic interactions between the particles do not have a qualitative effect on the collective dynamics. Our findings shed light on the onset of spatial and temporal coherence in a large class of active systems, both synthetic (colloids, swarms of robots, and biopolymers) and living (suspensions of bacteria, cell colonies, and bird flocks). PMID:28246633

Flocking ferromagnetic colloids

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kaiser, Andreas; Snezhko, Alexey; Aranson, Igor S.

Assemblages of microscopic colloidal particles exhibit fascinating collective motion when energized by electric or magnetic fields. The behaviors range from coherent vortical motion to phase separation and dynamic self-assembly. While colloidal systems are relatively simple, understanding their collective response, especially in out of equilibrium conditions, remains elusive. Here, we report on the emergence of flocking and global rotation in the system of rolling ferromagnetic microparticles energized by a vertical alternating magnetic field. By combing experiments and discrete particle simulations, we have identified primary physical mechanisms leading to the emergence of largescale collective motion: spontaneous symmetry breaking of the clock /more » counterclockwise particle rotation, collisional alignment of particle velocities, and random particle re-orientations due to shape imperfections. We have also shown that hydrodynamic interactions between the particles do not have a qualitative effect on the collective dynamics. Lastly, our findings shed light on the onset of spatial and temporal coherence in a large class of active systems, both synthetic (colloids, swarms of robots, biopolymers) and living (suspensions of bacteria, cell colonies, bird flocks).« less

Flocking ferromagnetic colloids

DOE PAGES

Kaiser, Andreas; Snezhko, Alexey; Aranson, Igor S.

2017-02-15

Assemblages of microscopic colloidal particles exhibit fascinating collective motion when energized by electric or magnetic fields. The behaviors range from coherent vortical motion to phase separation and dynamic self-assembly. While colloidal systems are relatively simple, understanding their collective response, especially in out of equilibrium conditions, remains elusive. Here, we report on the emergence of flocking and global rotation in the system of rolling ferromagnetic microparticles energized by a vertical alternating magnetic field. By combing experiments and discrete particle simulations, we have identified primary physical mechanisms leading to the emergence of largescale collective motion: spontaneous symmetry breaking of the clock /more » counterclockwise particle rotation, collisional alignment of particle velocities, and random particle re-orientations due to shape imperfections. We have also shown that hydrodynamic interactions between the particles do not have a qualitative effect on the collective dynamics. Lastly, our findings shed light on the onset of spatial and temporal coherence in a large class of active systems, both synthetic (colloids, swarms of robots, biopolymers) and living (suspensions of bacteria, cell colonies, bird flocks).« less

The potential for emerging therapeutic options for Clostridium difficile infection

PubMed Central

Mathur, Harsh; Rea, Mary C; Cotter, Paul D; Ross, R Paul; Hill, Colin

2014-01-01

Clostridium difficile is mainly a nosocomial pathogen and is a significant cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. It is also implicated in the majority of cases of pseudomembranous colitis. Recently, advancements in next generation sequencing technology (NGS) have highlighted the extent of damage to the gut microbiota caused by broad-spectrum antibiotics, often resulting in C. difficile infection (CDI). Currently the treatment of choice for CDI involves the use of metronidazole and vancomycin. However, recurrence and relapse of CDI, even after rounds of metronidazole/vancomycin administration is a problem that must be addressed. The efficacy of alternative antibiotics such as fidaxomicin, rifaximin, nitazoxanide, ramoplanin and tigecycline, as well as faecal microbiota transplantation has been assessed and some have yielded positive outcomes against C. difficile. Some bacteriocins have also shown promising effects against C. difficile in recent years. In light of this, the potential for emerging treatment options and efficacy of anti-C. difficile vaccines are discussed in this review. PMID:25564777

Emergent evolutionism, determinism and unpredictability.

PubMed

Sartenaer, Olivier

2015-06-01

The fact that there exist in nature thoroughly deterministic systems whose future behavior cannot be predicted, no matter how advanced or fined-tune our cognitive and technical abilities turn out to be, has been well established over the last decades or so, essentially in the light of two different theoretical frameworks, namely chaos theory and (some deterministic interpretation of) quantum mechanics. The prime objective of this paper is to show that there actually exists an alternative strategy to ground the divorce between determinism and predictability, a way that is older than-and conceptually independent from-chaos theory and quantum mechanics, and which has not received much attention in the recent philosophical literature about determinism. This forgotten strategy-embedded in the doctrine called "emergent evolutionism"-is nonetheless far from being a mere historical curiosity that should only draw the attention of philosophers out of their concern for comprehensiveness. It has been indeed recently revived in the works of respected scientists. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Probing and characterizing the growth of a crystal of ultracold bosons and light

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ostermann, S.; Piazza, F.; Ritsch, H.

2017-12-01

The non-linear coupled particle light dynamics of an ultracold gas in the field of two independent counter-propagating laser beams can lead to the dynamical formation of a self-ordered lattice structure as presented in (2016) Phys. Rev. X 6 021026. Here we present new numerical studies on experimentally observable signatures to monitor the growth and properties of such a crystal in real time. While, at least theoretically, optimal non-destructive observation of the growth dynamics and the hallmarks of the crystalline phase can be performed by analyzing scattered light, monitoring the evolution of the particle’s momentum distribution via time-of-flight probing is an experimentally more accessible choice. In this work we show that both approaches allow us to unambiguously distinguish the crystal from independent collective scattering as it occurs in matter wave super-radiance. As a clear crystallization signature, we identify spatial locking between the two emerging standing laser waves, together creating the crystal potential. For sufficiently large systems, the system allows reversible adiabatic ramping into the crystalline phase as an alternative to a quench across the phase transition and growth from fluctuations.

Comparing colour discrimination and proofreading performance under compact fluorescent and halogen lamp lighting.

PubMed

Mayr, Susanne; Köpper, Maja; Buchner, Axel

2013-01-01

Legislation in many countries has banned inefficient household lighting. Consequently, classic incandescent lamps have to be replaced by more efficient alternatives such as halogen and compact fluorescent lamps (CFL). Alternatives differ in their spectral power distributions, implying colour-rendering differences. Participants performed a colour discrimination task - the Farnsworth-Munsell 100 Hue Test--and a proofreading task under CFL or halogen lighting of comparable correlated colour temperatures at low (70 lx) or high (800 lx) illuminance. Illuminance positively affected colour discrimination and proofreading performance, whereas the light source was only relevant for colour discrimination. Discrimination was impaired with CFL lighting. There were no differences between light sources in terms of self-reported physical discomfort and mood state, but the majority of the participants correctly judged halogen lighting to be more appropriate for discriminating colours. The findings hint at the colour-rendering deficiencies associated with energy-efficient CFLs. In order to compare performance under energy-efficient alternatives of classic incandescent lighting, colour discrimination and proofreading performance was compared under CFL and halogen lighting. Colour discrimination was impaired under CFLs, which hints at the practical drawbacks associated with the reduced colour-rendering properties of energy-efficient CFLs.

Laser ignition

DOEpatents

Early, James W.; Lester, Charles S.

2002-01-01

In the apparatus of the invention, a first excitation laser or other excitation light source capable of producing alternating beams of light having different wavelengths is used in tandem with one or more ignitor lasers to provide a compact, durable, engine deployable fuel ignition laser system. Reliable fuel ignition is provided over a wide range of fuel conditions by using the single remote excitation light source for pumping one or more small lasers located proximate to one or more fuel combustion zones with alternating wavelengths of light.

1000 X Difference Between Current Displays and Capability of Human Visual System: Payoff Potential for Affordable Defense Systems

DTIC Science & Technology

2000-01-01

second tier technologies: digital micromirror devices (DMD); alternating current gas plasma (ACGP); inorganic electroluminescent (EL, TFEL, AMEL... Micromirror Device (DMD) - Alternating Current Gas Plasma (ACGP) - Electroluminescent (EL, TFEL, AMEL) - Vacuum Fluorescent Display (VFD) - Inorganic Light...Instruments Digital Micromirror Device (DMD) Digital Light Processing technology and another, the Qualcomm/Hughes-JVC CRT/Liquid Crystal Light Valve

Active locking and entanglement in type II optical parametric oscillators

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ruiz-Rivas, Joaquín; de Valcárcel, Germán J.; Navarrete-Benlloch, Carlos

2018-02-01

Type II optical parametric oscillators are amongst the highest-quality sources of quantum-correlated light. In particular, when pumped above threshold, such devices generate a pair of bright orthogonally-polarized beams with strong continuous-variable entanglement. However, these sources are of limited practical use, because the entangled beams emerge with different frequencies and a diffusing phase difference. It has been proven that the use of an internal wave-plate coupling the modes with orthogonal polarization is capable of locking the frequencies of the emerging beams to half the pump frequency, as well as reducing the phase-difference diffusion, at the expense of reducing the entanglement levels. In this work we characterize theoretically an alternative locking mechanism: the injection of a laser at half the pump frequency. Apart from being less invasive, this method should allow for an easier real-time experimental control. We show that such an injection is capable of generating the desired phase locking between the emerging beams, while still allowing for large levels of entanglement. Moreover, we find an additional region of the parameter space (at relatively large injections) where a mode with well defined polarization is in a highly amplitude-squeezed state.

A Study of Emergency Lighting for the Dade County Board of Public Instruction.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pancoast, Ferendino, Grafton and Skeels, Architects, Miami, FL.

Immediate installation of emergency lighting, in addition to that already provided, is recommended for three groups of existing schools--(1) air-conditioned schools and additions with compact plans having inside corridors and instructional areas artifically lighted, (2) senior high schools with adult education programs, and (3) community schools…

All you need is light: antimicrobial photoinactivation as an evolving and emerging discovery strategy against infectious disease.

PubMed

St Denis, Tyler G; Dai, Tianhong; Izikson, Leonid; Astrakas, Christos; Anderson, Richard Rox; Hamblin, Michael R; Tegos, George P

2011-01-01

The story of prevention and control of infectious diseases remains open and a series of highly virulent pathogens are emerging both in and beyond the hospital setting. Antibiotics were an absolute success story for a previous era. The academic and industrial biomedical communities have now come together to formulate consensus beliefs regarding the pursuit of novel and effective alternative anti-infective countermeasures. Photodynamic therapy was established and remains a successful modality for malignancies but photodynamic inactivation has been transformed recently to an antimicrobial discovery and development platform. The concept of photodynamic inactivation is quite straightforward and requires microbial exposure to visible light energy, typically wavelengths in the visible region, that causes the excitation of photosensitizer molecules (either exogenous or endogenous), which results in the production of singlet oxygen and other reactive oxygen species that react with intracellular components, and consequently produce cell inactivation. It is an area of increasing interest, as research is advancing i) to identify the photochemical and photophysical mechanisms involved in inactivation; ii) to develop potent and clinically compatible photosensitizer; iii) to understand how photoinactivation is affected by key microbial phenotypic elements (multidrug resistance and efflux, virulence and pathogenesis determinants, biofilms); iv) to explore novel delivery platforms inspired by current trends in pharmacology and nanotechnology; and v) to identify photoinactivation applications beyond the clinical setting such as environmental disinfectants.

75 FR 20372 - Certificate of Alternative Compliance for the Offshore Supply Vessel RIG RUNNER

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-19

... masthead light at the height as required by Annex I, paragraph 2(a) of the 72 COLREGS would result in a... Certificate of Alternative Compliance allows for the vertical placement of the forward masthead light to...

Lead-Free MA2CuCl(x)Br(4-x) Hybrid Perovskites.

PubMed

Cortecchia, Daniele; Dewi, Herlina Arianita; Yin, Jun; Bruno, Annalisa; Chen, Shi; Baikie, Tom; Boix, Pablo P; Grätzel, Michael; Mhaisalkar, Subodh; Soci, Cesare; Mathews, Nripan

2016-02-01

Despite their extremely good performance in solar cells with efficiencies approaching 20% and the emerging application for light-emitting devices, organic-inorganic lead halide perovskites suffer from high content of toxic, polluting, and bioaccumulative Pb, which may eventually hamper their commercialization. Here, we present the synthesis of two-dimensional (2D) Cu-based hybrid perovskites and study their optoelectronic properties to investigate their potential application in solar cells and light-emitting devices, providing a new environmental-friendly alternative to Pb. The series (CH3NH3)2CuCl(x)Br(4-x) was studied in detail, with the role of Cl found to be essential for stabilization. By exploiting the additional Cu d-d transitions and appropriately tuning the Br/Cl ratio, which affects ligand-to-metal charge transfer transitions, the optical absorption in this series of compounds can be extended to the near-infrared for optimal spectral overlap with the solar irradiance. In situ formation of Cu(+) ions was found to be responsible for the green photoluminescence of this material set. Processing conditions for integrating Cu-based perovskites into photovoltaic device architectures, as well as the factors currently limiting photovoltaic performance, are discussed: among them, we identified the combination of low absorption coefficient and heavy mass of the holes as main limitations for the solar cell efficiency. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of the potential of 2D copper perovskite as light harvesters and lays the foundation for further development of perovskite based on transition metals as alternative lead-free materials. Appropriate molecular design will be necessary to improve the material's properties and solar cell performance filling the gap with the state-of-the-art Pb-based perovskite devices.

Modified endotracheal tube: emergency alternative to paediatric tracheostomy tube.

PubMed

Kurien, M; Raviraj, R; Mathew, J; Kaliaperumal, I; Ninan, S

2011-07-01

In an emergency, the non-availability of a conventional paediatric tracheostomy tube is a therapeutic challenge for the attending surgeon. To describe a simple alternative to a paediatric tracheostomy tube for use in an emergency situation. Case report of a 14-year-old boy who developed tracheomalacia following partial cricotracheal resection for subglottic stenosis. As a suitably sized tracheostomy tube (with a long narrow segment) was not available, an endotracheal tube was modified and used successfully. Details of the modification, and a relevant literature review, are also discussed. In the paediatric age group, when an appropriately sized tracheostomy tube is not available, a modified endotracheal tube is a simple temporary alternative; this may be especially useful in an emergency.

Smoke alarms for sleeping adults who are hard-of-hearing: comparison of auditory, visual, and tactile signals.

PubMed

Bruck, Dorothy; Thomas, Ian R

2009-02-01

People who are hard-of-hearing may rely on auditory, visual, or tactile alarms in a fire emergency, and US standards require strobe lights in hotel bedrooms to provide emergency notification for people with hearing loss. This is the first study to compare the waking effectiveness of a variety of auditory (beeps), tactile (bed and pillow shakers), and visual (strobe lights) signals at a range of intensities. Three auditory signals, a bed shaker, a pillow shaker, and strobe lights were presented to 38 adults (aged 18 to 80 yr) with mild to moderately severe hearing loss of 25 to 70 dB (in both ears), during slow-wave sleep (deep sleep). Two of the auditory signals were selected on the basis that they had the lowest auditory thresholds when awake (from a range of eight signals). The third auditory signal was the current 3100-Hz smoke alarm. All auditory signals were tested below, at, and above the decibel level prescribed by the applicable standard for bedrooms (75 dBA). In the case of bed and pillow shakers intensities below, at, and above the level as purchased were tested. For strobe lights three levels were used, all of which were above the applicable standard. The intensity level at which participants awoke was identified by electroencephalograph monitoring. The most effective signal was a 520-Hz square wave auditory signal, waking 92% at 75 dBA, compared with 56% waking to the 75 dBA high-pitched alarm. Bed and pillow shakers awoke 80 to 84% at the intensity level as purchased. The strobe lights awoke only 27% at an intensity above the US standard. Nonparametric analyses confirmed that the 520-Hz square wave signal was significantly more effective than the current smoke alarm and the strobe lights in waking this population. A low-frequency square wave signal has now been found to be significantly more effective than all tested alternatives in a number of populations (hard-of-hearing, children, older adults, young adults, alcohol impaired) and should be adopted across the whole population as the normal smoke alarm signal. Strobe lights, even at high intensities, are ineffective in reliably waking people with mild to moderate hearing loss.

Employees with Epilepsy

MedlinePlus

... can be exacerbated by light sources such as computer screens or fluorescent lights. Use a flicker-free ... cubicle shield Allow frequent breaks from tasks involving computer Provide alternative light sources: Replace fluorescent lights with ...

Evolving prehospital, emergency department, and "inpatient" management models for geriatric emergencies.

PubMed

Carpenter, Christopher R; Platts-Mills, Timothy F

2013-02-01

Alternative management methods are essential to ensure high-quality and efficient emergency care for the growing number of geriatric adults worldwide. Protocols to support early condition-specific treatment of older adults with acute severe illness and injury are needed. Improved emergency department care for older adults will require providers to address the influence of other factors on the patient's health. This article describes recent and ongoing efforts to enhance the quality of emergency care for older adults using alternative management approaches spanning the spectrum from prehospital care, through the emergency department, and into evolving inpatient or outpatient processes of care. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Study the effects of varying interference upon the optical properties of turbid samples using NIR spatial light modulation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shaul, Oren; Fanrazi-Kahana, Michal; Meitav, Omri; Pinhasi, Gad A.; Abookasis, David

2018-03-01

Optical properties of biological tissues are valuable diagnostic parameters which can provide necessary information regarding tissue state during disease pathogenesis and therapy. However, different sources of interference, such as temperature changes may modify these properties, introducing confounding factors and artifacts to data, consequently skewing their interpretation and misinforming clinical decision-making. In the current study, we apply spatial light modulation, a type of diffuse reflectance hyperspectral imaging technique, to monitor the variation in optical properties of highly scattering turbid media in the presence varying levels of the following sources of interference: scattering concentration, temperature, and pressure. Spatial near-infrared (NIR) light modulation is a wide-field, non-contact emerging optical imaging platform capable of separating the effects of tissue scattering from those of absorption, thereby accurately estimating both parameters. With this technique, periodic NIR illumination patterns at alternately low and high spatial frequencies, at six discrete wavelengths between 690 to 970 nm, were sequentially projected upon the medium while a CCD camera collects the diffusely reflected light. Data analysis based assumptions is then performed off-line to recover the medium's optical properties. We conducted a series of experiments demonstrating the changes in absorption and reduced scattering coefficients of commercially available fresh milk and chicken breast tissue under different interference conditions. In addition, information on the refractive index was study under increased pressure. This work demonstrates the utility of NIR spatial light modulation to detect varying sources of interference upon the optical properties of biological samples.

NEW DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCT ISSUES: EMERGING DBP'S AND ALTERNATIVE ROUTES OF EXPOSURE

EPA Science Inventory

This paper discusses current issues with drinking water disinfection by-products (DBPs), which include emerging (unregulated) DBPs that can be formed at greater levels with alternative disinfectants (as compared to chlorine) and routes of human exposure (which include inhalation ...

Improved Emergency Egress Lighting System for the ISS

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Eaton, Leslie L.; Barr, Don A.

2005-01-01

Emergency lights provide illumination in corridors, stairwells, ramps, escalators, aisles, and exit passageways during power failures. Safety and visibility are critical during a power outage. If emergency lights fail to operate properly, the building occupants can become disoriented. Four documents in a collection discuss different topics relating to a proposed improved emergency egress lighting system (EELS) for the International Space Station (ISS). While the present EELS is designed around rows of green-light-emitting diodes, the proposed system contains strips of electroluminescent tape using different colors for each egress path. The proposed EELS can be powered by the same battery currently used by the present EELS, but would require an inverter because electroluminescent devices require AC. Electroluminescent devices also require significantly less current and, depending on the color, would emit 3 to 8 times the light of the present EELS. In addition, they could operate for up to 75 hours (versus .20 minutes for the present system). The first document contains a one-page summary of the proposal and an evaluation of technical merit. The second document summarizes the motivation for, and the design of, the proposed EELS. The third document addresses relevant aspects of the measurement of spectral sensitivity and the psychophysics of perception of light. The fourth document presents additional background information and technical specifications for the electroluminescent tapes.

Wireless sensor and actuator networks for lighting energy efficiency and user satisfaction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wen, Yao-Jung

Buildings consume more than one third of the primary energy generated in the U.S., and lighting alone accounts for approximately 30% of the energy usage in commercial buildings. As the largest electricity consumer of all building electrical systems, lighting harbors the greatest potential for energy savings in the commercial sector. Fifty percent of current energy consumption could be reduced with energy-efficient lighting management strategies. While commercial products do exist, they are poorly received due to exorbitant retrofitting cost and unsatisfactory performance. As a result, most commercial buildings, especially legacy buildings, have not taken advantage of the opportunity to generate savings from lighting. The emergence of wireless sensor and actuator network (WSAN) technologies presents an alternative that circumvents costly rewiring and promises better performance than existing commercial lighting systems. The goal of this dissertation research is to develop a framework for wireless-networked lighting systems with increased cost effectiveness, energy efficiency, and user satisfaction. This research is realized through both theoretical developments and implementations. The theoretical research aims at developing techniques for harnessing WSAN technologies to lighting hardware and control strategies. Leveraging redundancy, a sensor validation and fusion algorithm is developed for extracting pertinent lighting information from the disturbance-prone desktop-mounted photosensors. An adaptive sensing strategy optimizes the timing of data acquisition and power-hungry wireless transmission of sensory feedback in real-time lighting control. Exploiting the individual addressability of wireless-enabled luminaires, a lighting optimization algorithm is developed to create the optimal lighting that minimizes energy usage while satisfying occupants' diverse lighting preferences. The wireless-networked lighting system was implemented and tested in a number of real-life settings. A human subject study conducted in a private office concluded that the research system was competitive with the commercial lighting system with much fewer retrofitting requirements. The system implemented in a shared-space office realized a self-configuring mesh network with wireless photosensors and light actuators, and demonstrated a 50% energy savings and increased performance when harvesting daylight through windows is possible. The cost analysis revealed a reasonable payback period after the system is optimized for commercialization and confirms the marketing feasibility.

Clean Cities 2016 Vehicle Buyer's Guide

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

2016-02-01

Drivers and fleets are increasingly turning to the hundreds of light-duty, alternative fuel, and advanced technology vehicle models that reduce petroleum use, save on fuel costs, and cut emissions. This guide provides a comprehensive list of the 2016 light-duty models that use alternative fuels or advanced fuel-saving technologies.

Alternative Fuel Light-Duty Vehicles: Summary of Results From the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's Vehicle Evaluation Data Collection Efforts

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1996-05-01

The U.S. Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Laboratory conducted : a data collection project for light-duty, alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs) for : about 4 years. The project has collected data on 10 vehicle models (from the : original ...

Children as scientists: Adding, connecting and elaborating ideas on the way to conceptual development

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Osmundson, Ellen

In this study, I explored how children develop and construct their ideas and alternative frameworks in science. Prior work in this area suggested that changes from alternative conceptions to understandings that more closely resemble scientists' models do not occur in a sequential, linear fashion, nor are they easily accomplished. By employing a constructivist framework grounded in dynamic systems to look at learning, alternative conceptions were viewed not as ideas that need to be "confronted and replaced" but rather as pieces of an intricate puzzle of understanding that when combined create a more complete, functional, continuous understanding of science. Specifically, the study examined students' understandings and conceptualizations of light as they studied it formally for eight weeks. Understandings were measured through interviews, student-generated concept maps, classroom interactions and by examining student work samples. The central questions guiding the investigation were: What were children's (ages 9 and 10) conceptions of light? Did children's ideas about light develop during their eight week study of it? If so, what was the nature of these changes? Results from the study indicated that children had numerous ideas about light before their formal study of it based on their experiences with the world. As children studied light, they learned about it in the dynamic, synergistic and interactive processes of adding new ideas, connecting ideas to one another and elaborating understandings to arrive at progressively more complex and scientific understandings of light. Alternative conceptions, served as both productive and non-productive resources for learning. Further, alternative conceptions and prior understandings did not disappear as children developed their ideas about light. Rather "old" ideas were used and reused to provide support the gradual process of cognitive development of children's ideas about light. Findings from this study can be used to provide science instruction that is both rich in content and rich in opportunities to experience the recursive and dynamic nature of science learning.

Emerging Energy Alternatives for the Southeastern States

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stefanakos, E. K. (Editor)

1978-01-01

The proceedings of the first symposium on emerging energy alternatives for the Southeastern States are presented. Some topics discussed are: (1) solar energy, (2) wood energy, (3) novel energy sources, (4) agricultural and industrial process heat, (5) waste utilization, (6) energy conservation and (7) ocean thermal energy conversion.

46 CFR 169.829 - Emergency lighting and power systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 169.829 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) NAUTICAL SCHOOLS SAILING SCHOOL VESSELS Operations Tests, Drills, and Inspections § 169.829 Emergency lighting and power systems... and performance of the apparatus must be noted in the official logbook. ...

Proposed energy conservation contingency plan: emergency restrictions on advertising lighting. Authorities, need, rationale, and operation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

The emergency restrictions on advertising lighting proposed in Energy Conservation Contingency Plan No. 5 of 1977 are presented. A statement is given on the need for rationale and operation of the Contingency Plan.

Telemetry with an Optical Fiber Revisited: An Alternative Strategy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kraftmakher, Yaakov

2014-01-01

With a new data-acquisition system developed by PASCO scientific, an experiment on telemetry with an optical fiber can be made easier and more accurate. For this aim, an alternative strategy of the remote temperature measurements is proposed: the frequency of light pulses transmitted via the light guide numerically equals the temperature using…

44 CFR 9.9 - Analysis and reevaluation of practicable alternatives.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... the action. It is a preliminary determination because it comes early in the decision-making process... in light of the factors set out in this section. (c) The Agency shall analyze the following factors... practicable location in light of the review required in this section. (e) Reevaluation of alternatives. Upon...

40 CFR 86.1734-99 - Alternative procedure for notification of additions and changes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... VEHICLES AND ENGINES (CONTINUED) General Provisions for the Voluntary National Low Emission Vehicle Program for Light-Duty Vehicles and Light-Duty Trucks § 86.1734-99 Alternative procedure for notification of... the Administrator within 10 working days of making an addition of a vehicle to a certified engine...

40 CFR 86.1734-99 - Alternative procedure for notification of additions and changes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... VEHICLES AND ENGINES (CONTINUED) General Provisions for the Voluntary National Low Emission Vehicle Program for Light-Duty Vehicles and Light-Duty Trucks § 86.1734-99 Alternative procedure for notification of... the Administrator within 10 working days of making an addition of a vehicle to a certified engine...

Vehicle lightweighting energy use impacts in U.S. light-duty vehicle fleet

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Das, Sujit; Graziano, Diane; Upadhyayula, Venkata K. K.

In this article, we estimate the potential energy benefits of lightweighting the light-duty vehicle fleet from both vehicle manufacturing and use perspectives using plausible lightweight vehicle designs involving several alternative lightweight materials, low- and high-end estimates of vehicle manufacturing energy, conventional and alternative powertrains, and two different market penetration scenarios for alternative powertrain light-duty vehicles at the fleet level. Cumulative life cycle energy savings (through 2050) across the nine material scenarios based on the conventional powertrain in the U.S. vehicle fleet range from -29 to 94 billion GJ, with the greatest savings achieved by multi-material vehicles that select different lightweightmore » materials to meet specific design purposes. Lightweighting alternative-powertrain vehicles could produce significant energy savings in the U.S. vehicle fleet, although their improved powertrain efficiencies lessen the energy savings opportunities for lightweighting. A maximum level of cumulative energy savings of lightweighting the U.S. light-duty vehicle through 2050 is estimated to be 66.1billion GJ under the conventional-vehicle dominated business-as-usual penetration scenario.« less

76 FR 67287 - Alternative Fuel Transportation Program; Alternative Fueled Vehicle Credit Program (Subpart F...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-31

... infrastructure, nonroad equipment, and emerging technologies related to those electric drive vehicles. As... for investment in an emerging technology relating to any'' of the enumerated electric drive vehicles... Fuel Transportation Program (AFTP or Program), by including EISA-specified electric drive vehicles and...

Therapeutic options and emerging alternatives for multidrug resistant staphylococcal infections.

PubMed

Magana, Maria; Ioannidis, Anastasios; Magiorkinis, Emmanouil; Ursu, Oleg; Bologa, Cristian G; Chatzipanagiotou, Stylianos; Hamblin, Michael R; Tegos, George P

2015-01-01

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) remains the single biggest challenge in infectious disease in the civilized world. Moreover, vancomycin resistance is also spreading, leading to fears of untreatable infections as were common in ancient times. Molecular microbiology and bioinformatics have revealed many of the mechanisms involved in resistance development. Mobile genetic elements, up-regulated virulence factors and multi-drug efflux pumps have been implicated. A range of approved antibiotics from the glycopeptide, lipopeptide, pleuromutilin, macrolide, oxazolidinone, lincosamide, aminoglycoside, tetracycline, steptogramin, and cephalosporin classes has been employed to treat MRSA infections. The upcoming pipeline of drugs for MRSA includes some new compounds from the above classes, together with fluoroquinolones, antibacterial peptide mimetics, aminomethylciclines, porphyrins, peptide deformylase inhibitors, oxadiazoles, and diaminopyrimidines. A range of non-drug alternative approaches has emerged for MRSA treatment. Bacteriophage-therapy including purified lysins has made a comeback after being discovered in the 1930s. Quorum-sensing inhibitors are under investigation. Small molecule inhibitors of multi-drug efflux pumps may potentiate existing antibiotics. The relative failure of staphylococcal vaccines is being revisited by efforts with multi-valent vaccines and improved adjuvants. Photodynamic therapy uses non-toxic photosensitizers and harmless visible light to produce reactive oxygen species that can nonspecifically destroy bacteria while preserving host cells. Preparation of nanoparticles can kill bacteria themselves, as well as improve the delivery of anti-bacterial drugs. Anti-MRSA drug discovery remains an exciting field with great promise for the future.

SET: a pupil detection method using sinusoidal approximation

PubMed Central

Javadi, Amir-Homayoun; Hakimi, Zahra; Barati, Morteza; Walsh, Vincent; Tcheang, Lili

2015-01-01

Mobile eye-tracking in external environments remains challenging, despite recent advances in eye-tracking software and hardware engineering. Many current methods fail to deal with the vast range of outdoor lighting conditions and the speed at which these can change. This confines experiments to artificial environments where conditions must be tightly controlled. Additionally, the emergence of low-cost eye tracking devices calls for the development of analysis tools that enable non-technical researchers to process the output of their images. We have developed a fast and accurate method (known as “SET”) that is suitable even for natural environments with uncontrolled, dynamic and even extreme lighting conditions. We compared the performance of SET with that of two open-source alternatives by processing two collections of eye images: images of natural outdoor scenes with extreme lighting variations (“Natural”); and images of less challenging indoor scenes (“CASIA-Iris-Thousand”). We show that SET excelled in outdoor conditions and was faster, without significant loss of accuracy, indoors. SET offers a low cost eye-tracking solution, delivering high performance even in challenging outdoor environments. It is offered through an open-source MATLAB toolkit as well as a dynamic-link library (“DLL”), which can be imported into many programming languages including C# and Visual Basic in Windows OS (www.eyegoeyetracker.co.uk). PMID:25914641

Proceedings of the 1993 Windsor Workshop on Alternative Fuels

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1993-10-01

This report contains viewgraph papers on the following topics on alternative fuels: availability of alternative fueled engines and vehicles; emerging technologies; overcoming barriers to alternative fuels commercialization; infrastructure issues; and new initiatives in research and development.

Lignin-Retaining Transparent Wood.

PubMed

Li, Yuanyuan; Fu, Qiliang; Rojas, Ramiro; Yan, Min; Lawoko, Martin; Berglund, Lars

2017-09-11

Optically transparent wood, combining optical and mechanical performance, is an emerging new material for light-transmitting structures in buildings with the aim of reducing energy consumption. One of the main obstacles for transparent wood fabrication is delignification, where around 30 wt % of wood tissue is removed to reduce light absorption and refractive index mismatch. This step is time consuming and not environmentally benign. Moreover, lignin removal weakens the wood structure, limiting the fabrication of large structures. A green and industrially feasible method has now been developed to prepare transparent wood. Up to 80 wt % of lignin is preserved, leading to a stronger wood template compared to the delignified alternative. After polymer infiltration, a high-lignin-content transparent wood with transmittance of 83 %, haze of 75 %, thermal conductivity of 0.23 W mK -1 , and work-tofracture of 1.2 MJ m -3 (a magnitude higher than glass) was obtained. This transparent wood preparation method is efficient and applicable to various wood species. The transparent wood obtained shows potential for application in energy-saving buildings. © 2017 The Authors. Published by Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

High-speed 3D imaging of cellular activity in the brain using axially-extended beams and light sheets.

PubMed

Hillman, Elizabeth Mc; Voleti, Venkatakaushik; Patel, Kripa; Li, Wenze; Yu, Hang; Perez-Campos, Citlali; Benezra, Sam E; Bruno, Randy M; Galwaduge, Pubudu T

2018-06-01

As optical reporters and modulators of cellular activity have become increasingly sophisticated, the amount that can be learned about the brain via high-speed cellular imaging has increased dramatically. However, despite fervent innovation, point-scanning microscopy is facing a fundamental limit in achievable 3D imaging speeds and fields of view. A range of alternative approaches are emerging, some of which are moving away from point-scanning to use axially-extended beams or sheets of light, for example swept confocally aligned planar excitation (SCAPE) microscopy. These methods are proving effective for high-speed volumetric imaging of the nervous system of small organisms such as Drosophila (fruit fly) and D. Rerio (Zebrafish), and are showing promise for imaging activity in the living mammalian brain using both single and two-photon excitation. This article describes these approaches and presents a simple model that demonstrates key advantages of axially-extended illumination over point-scanning strategies for high-speed volumetric imaging, including longer integration times per voxel, improved photon efficiency and reduced photodamage. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Chemophototherapy: An Emerging Treatment Option for Solid Tumors

PubMed Central

Luo, Dandan; Carter, Kevin A.; Miranda, Dyego

2016-01-01

Near infrared (NIR) light penetrates human tissues with limited depth, thereby providing a method to safely deliver non‐ionizing radiation to well‐defined target tissue volumes. Light‐based therapies including photodynamic therapy (PDT) and laser‐induced thermal therapy have been validated clinically for curative and palliative treatment of solid tumors. However, these monotherapies can suffer from incomplete tumor killing and have not displaced existing ablative modalities. The combination of phototherapy and chemotherapy (chemophototherapy, CPT), when carefully planned, has been shown to be an effective tumor treatment option preclinically and clinically. Chemotherapy can enhance the efficacy of PDT by targeting surviving cancer cells or by inhibiting regrowth of damaged tumor blood vessels. Alternatively, PDT‐mediated vascular permeabilization has been shown to enhance the deposition of nanoparticulate drugs into tumors for enhanced accumulation and efficacy. Integrated nanoparticles have been reported that combine photosensitizers and drugs into a single agent. More recently, light‐activated nanoparticles have been developed that release their payload in response to light irradiation to achieve improved drug bioavailability with superior efficacy. CPT can potently eradicate tumors with precise spatial control, and further clinical testing is warranted. PMID:28105389

Semi-transparent solar cells

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sun, J.; Jasieniak, J. J.

2017-03-01

Semi-transparent solar cells are a type of technology that combines the benefits of visible light transparency and light-to-electricity conversion. One of the biggest opportunities for such technologies is in their integration as windows and skylights within energy-sustainable buildings. Currently, such building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) are dominated by crystalline silicon based modules; however, the opaque nature of silicon creates a unique opportunity for the adoption of emerging photovoltaic candidates that can be made truly semi-transparent. These include: amorphous silicon-, kesterite-, chalcopyrite-, CdTe-, dye-sensitized-, organic- and perovskite- based systems. For the most part, amorphous silicon has been the workhorse in the semi-transparent solar cell field owing to its established, low-temperature fabrication processes. Excitement around alternative classes, particularly perovskites and the inorganic candidates, has recently arisen because of the major efficiency gains exhibited by these technologies. Importantly, each of these presents unique opportunities and challenges within the context of BIPV. This topic review provides an overview into the broader benefits of semi-transparent solar cells as building-integrated features, as well as providing the current development status into all of the major types of semi-transparent solar cells technologies.

A reinterpretation of transparency perception in terms of gamut relativity.

PubMed

Vladusich, Tony

2013-03-01

Classical approaches to transparency perception assume that transparency constitutes a perceptual dimension corresponding to the physical dimension of transmittance. Here I present an alternative theory, termed gamut relativity, that naturally explains key aspects of transparency perception. Rather than being computed as values along a perceptual dimension corresponding to transmittance, gamut relativity postulates that transparency is built directly into the fabric of the visual system's representation of surface color. The theory, originally developed to explain properties of brightness and lightness perception, proposes how the relativity of the achromatic color gamut in a perceptual blackness-whiteness space underlies the representation of foreground and background surface layers. Whereas brightness and lightness perception were previously reanalyzed in terms of the relativity of the achromatic color gamut with respect to illumination level, transparency perception is here reinterpreted in terms of relativity with respect to physical transmittance. The relativity of the achromatic color gamut thus emerges as a fundamental computational principle underlying surface perception. A duality theorem relates the definition of transparency provided in gamut relativity with the classical definition underlying the physical blending models of computer graphics.

Light Motives.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Filler, Martin

1979-01-01

The new energy consciousness has led to a thorough reevaluation of how artificial lighting can be used wisely, while other researchers have explored the potential of daylighting as an alternative interior light source. (Author/MLF)

10 CFR Appendix R to Part 50 - Fire Protection Program for Nuclear Power Facilities Operating Prior to January 1, 1979

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

.... Emergency lighting. Emergency lighting units with at least an 8-hour battery power supply shall be provided..., combustible and flammable gases and liquids, high efficiency particulate air and charcoal filters, dry ion...

10 CFR Appendix R to Part 50 - Fire Protection Program for Nuclear Power Facilities Operating Prior to January 1, 1979

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

.... Emergency lighting. Emergency lighting units with at least an 8-hour battery power supply shall be provided..., combustible and flammable gases and liquids, high efficiency particulate air and charcoal filters, dry ion...

10 CFR Appendix R to Part 50 - Fire Protection Program for Nuclear Power Facilities Operating Prior to January 1, 1979

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

.... Emergency lighting. Emergency lighting units with at least an 8-hour battery power supply shall be provided..., combustible and flammable gases and liquids, high efficiency particulate air and charcoal filters, dry ion...

10 CFR Appendix R to Part 50 - Fire Protection Program for Nuclear Power Facilities Operating Prior to January 1, 1979

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

.... Emergency lighting. Emergency lighting units with at least an 8-hour battery power supply shall be provided..., combustible and flammable gases and liquids, high efficiency particulate air and charcoal filters, dry ion...

How beliefs about self-creation inflate value in the human brain.

PubMed

Koster, Raphael; Sharot, Tali; Yuan, Rachel; De Martino, Benedetto; Norton, Michael I; Dolan, Raymond J

2015-01-01

Humans have a tendency to overvalue their own ideas and creations. Understanding how these errors in judgement emerge is important for explaining suboptimal decisions, as when individuals and groups choose self-created alternatives over superior or equal ones. We show that such overvaluation is a reconstructive process that emerges when participants believe they have created an item, regardless of whether this belief is true or false. This overvaluation is observed both when false beliefs of self-creation are elicited (Experiment 1) or implanted (Experiment 2). Using brain imaging data we highlight the brain processes mediating an interaction between value and belief of self-creation. Specifically, following the creation manipulation there is an increased functional connectivity during valuation between the right caudate nucleus, where we show BOLD activity correlated with subjective value, and the left amygdala, where we show BOLD activity is linked to subjective belief. Our study highlights psychological and neurobiological processes through which false beliefs alter human valuation and in doing so throw light on a common source of error in judgements of value.

Efficiently-cooled plasmonic amorphous silicon solar cells integrated with a nano-coated heat-pipe plate

PubMed Central

Zhang, Yinan; Du, Yanping; Shum, Clifford; Cai, Boyuan; Le, Nam Cao Hoai; Chen, Xi; Duck, Benjamin; Fell, Christopher; Zhu, Yonggang; Gu, Min

2016-01-01

Solar photovoltaics (PV) are emerging as a major alternative energy source. The cost of PV electricity depends on the efficiency of conversion of light to electricity. Despite of steady growth in the efficiency for several decades, little has been achieved to reduce the impact of real-world operating temperatures on this efficiency. Here we demonstrate a highly efficient cooling solution to the recently emerging high performance plasmonic solar cell technology by integrating an advanced nano-coated heat-pipe plate. This thermal cooling technology, efficient for both summer and winter time, demonstrates the heat transportation capability up to ten times higher than those of the metal plate and the conventional wickless heat-pipe plates. The reduction in temperature rise of the plasmonic solar cells operating under one sun condition can be as high as 46%, leading to an approximate 56% recovery in efficiency, which dramatically increases the energy yield of the plasmonic solar cells. This newly-developed, thermally-managed plasmonic solar cell device significantly extends the application scope of PV for highly efficient solar energy conversion. PMID:27113558

Efficiently-cooled plasmonic amorphous silicon solar cells integrated with a nano-coated heat-pipe plate.

PubMed

Zhang, Yinan; Du, Yanping; Shum, Clifford; Cai, Boyuan; Le, Nam Cao Hoai; Chen, Xi; Duck, Benjamin; Fell, Christopher; Zhu, Yonggang; Gu, Min

2016-04-26

Solar photovoltaics (PV) are emerging as a major alternative energy source. The cost of PV electricity depends on the efficiency of conversion of light to electricity. Despite of steady growth in the efficiency for several decades, little has been achieved to reduce the impact of real-world operating temperatures on this efficiency. Here we demonstrate a highly efficient cooling solution to the recently emerging high performance plasmonic solar cell technology by integrating an advanced nano-coated heat-pipe plate. This thermal cooling technology, efficient for both summer and winter time, demonstrates the heat transportation capability up to ten times higher than those of the metal plate and the conventional wickless heat-pipe plates. The reduction in temperature rise of the plasmonic solar cells operating under one sun condition can be as high as 46%, leading to an approximate 56% recovery in efficiency, which dramatically increases the energy yield of the plasmonic solar cells. This newly-developed, thermally-managed plasmonic solar cell device significantly extends the application scope of PV for highly efficient solar energy conversion.

Efficiently-cooled plasmonic amorphous silicon solar cells integrated with a nano-coated heat-pipe plate

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Yinan; Du, Yanping; Shum, Clifford; Cai, Boyuan; Le, Nam Cao Hoai; Chen, Xi; Duck, Benjamin; Fell, Christopher; Zhu, Yonggang; Gu, Min

2016-04-01

Solar photovoltaics (PV) are emerging as a major alternative energy source. The cost of PV electricity depends on the efficiency of conversion of light to electricity. Despite of steady growth in the efficiency for several decades, little has been achieved to reduce the impact of real-world operating temperatures on this efficiency. Here we demonstrate a highly efficient cooling solution to the recently emerging high performance plasmonic solar cell technology by integrating an advanced nano-coated heat-pipe plate. This thermal cooling technology, efficient for both summer and winter time, demonstrates the heat transportation capability up to ten times higher than those of the metal plate and the conventional wickless heat-pipe plates. The reduction in temperature rise of the plasmonic solar cells operating under one sun condition can be as high as 46%, leading to an approximate 56% recovery in efficiency, which dramatically increases the energy yield of the plasmonic solar cells. This newly-developed, thermally-managed plasmonic solar cell device significantly extends the application scope of PV for highly efficient solar energy conversion.

How beliefs about self-creation inflate value in the human brain

PubMed Central

Koster, Raphael; Sharot, Tali; Yuan, Rachel; De Martino, Benedetto; Norton, Michael I.; Dolan, Raymond J.

2015-01-01

Humans have a tendency to overvalue their own ideas and creations. Understanding how these errors in judgement emerge is important for explaining suboptimal decisions, as when individuals and groups choose self-created alternatives over superior or equal ones. We show that such overvaluation is a reconstructive process that emerges when participants believe they have created an item, regardless of whether this belief is true or false. This overvaluation is observed both when false beliefs of self-creation are elicited (Experiment 1) or implanted (Experiment 2). Using brain imaging data we highlight the brain processes mediating an interaction between value and belief of self-creation. Specifically, following the creation manipulation there is an increased functional connectivity during valuation between the right caudate nucleus, where we show BOLD activity correlated with subjective value, and the left amygdala, where we show BOLD activity is linked to subjective belief. Our study highlights psychological and neurobiological processes through which false beliefs alter human valuation and in doing so throw light on a common source of error in judgements of value. PMID:26388755

Effects of seed mass on seedling success in Artocarpus heterophyllus L., a tropical tree species of north-east India

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Khan, M. L.

2004-03-01

I examined the effects of seed mass on performance of seedlings of Artocarpus heterophyllus L. (Moraceae), a large evergreen late successional shade-tolerant tree species in three contrasting light conditions. Seed mass varied many fold from 1.5 to 14 g in A. heterophyllus. Germination and germination time showed a significant correlation with seed mass. Germination differed significantly among three light regimes (50%, 25% and 3%). Seed mass and light level significantly affected seedling survival. The seedlings that emerged from large seeds survived better than those from small seeds under all light regimes. Survival of seedlings was maximum in 25% light regime for all seed mass classes but did not differ significantly from that at 50% light regime. Survival was significantly lower in 3% light as compared to 50% and 25% light regimes. Seedling vigor (expressed in terms of seedling height, leaf area and dry weight) was also significantly affected by seed mass and light regimes. Seedlings that emerged from larger seeds and grew under 50% light regime produced the heaviest seedlings, while those resulting from smaller seeds and grown under 3% light regime produced the lightest seedlings. Resprouting capacity of seedlings after clipping was significantly affected by seed mass and light regime. Seedlings emerging from larger seeds were capable of resprouting several times successively. Resprouting was more pronounced under 50% and 25% light regimes as compared to 3% light. Success of A. heterophyllus regeneration appears to be regulated by an interactive effect of seed mass and light regime.

Treatment planning and dose analysis for interstitial photodynamic therapy of prostate cancer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Davidson, Sean R. H.; Weersink, Robert A.; Haider, Masoom A.; Gertner, Mark R.; Bogaards, Arjen; Giewercer, David; Scherz, Avigdor; Sherar, Michael D.; Elhilali, Mostafa; Chin, Joseph L.; Trachtenberg, John; Wilson, Brian C.

2009-04-01

With the development of new photosensitizers that are activated by light at longer wavelengths, interstitial photodynamic therapy (PDT) is emerging as a feasible alternative for the treatment of larger volumes of tissue. Described here is the application of PDT treatment planning software developed by our group to ensure complete coverage of larger, geometrically complex target volumes such as the prostate. In a phase II clinical trial of TOOKAD vascular targeted photodynamic therapy (VTP) for prostate cancer in patients who failed prior radiotherapy, the software was used to generate patient-specific treatment prescriptions for the number of treatment fibres, their lengths, their positions and the energy each delivered. The core of the software is a finite element solution to the light diffusion equation. Validation against in vivo light measurements indicated that the software could predict the location of an iso-fluence contour to within approximately ±2 mm. The same software was used to reconstruct the treatments that were actually delivered, thereby providing an analysis of the threshold light dose required for TOOKAD-VTP of the post-irradiated prostate. The threshold light dose for VTP-induced prostate damage, as measured one week post-treatment using contrast-enhanced MRI, was found to be highly heterogeneous, both within and between patients. The minimum light dose received by 90% of the prostate, D90, was determined from each patient's dose-volume histogram and compared to six-month sextant biopsy results. No patient with a D90 less than 23 J cm-2 had complete biopsy response, while 8/13 (62%) of patients with a D90 greater than 23 J cm-2 had negative biopsies at six months. The doses received by the urethra and the rectal wall were also investigated.

Alternative Splicing and Cross-Talk with Light Signaling.

PubMed

Cheng, You-Liang; Tu, Shih-Long

2018-06-01

Alternative splicing (AS) is the main source of proteome diversity that in large part contributes to the complexity of eukaryotes. Recent global analysis of AS with RNA sequencing has revealed that AS is prevalent in plants, particularly when responding to environmental changes. Light is one of the most important environmental factors for plant growth and development. To optimize light absorption, plants evolve complex photoreceptors and signaling systems to regulate gene expression and biological processes in the cell. Genome-wide analyses have shown that light induces intensive AS in plants. However, the biochemical mechanisms of light regulating AS remain poorly understood. In this review, we aim to discuss recent progress in investigating the functions of AS, discovery of cross-talk between AS and light signaling, and the potential mechanism of light-regulated AS. Understanding how light signaling regulates the efficiency of AS and the biological significance of light-regulated AS in plant systems will provide new insights into the adaptation of plants to their environment and, ultimately, crop improvement.

Metabolic Patterns in Spirodela polyrhiza Revealed by 15N Stable Isotope Labeling of Amino Acids in Photoautotrophic, Heterotrophic, and Mixotrophic Growth Conditions

PubMed Central

Evans, Erin M.; Freund, Dana M.; Sondervan, Veronica M.; Cohen, Jerry D.; Hegeman, Adrian D.

2018-01-01

In this study we describe a [15N] stable isotopic labeling study of amino acids in Spirodela polyrhiza (common duckweed) grown under three different light and carbon input conditions which represent unique potential metabolic modes. Plants were grown with a light cycle, either with supplemental sucrose (mixotrophic) or without supplemental sucrose (photoautotrophic) and in the dark with supplemental sucrose (heterotrophic). Labeling patterns, pool sizes (both metabolically active and inactive), and kinetics/turnover rates were estimated for 17 of the proteinogenic amino acids. Estimation of these parameters followed several overall trends. First, most amino acids showed plateaus in labeling patterns of <100% [15N]-labeling, indicating the possibility of a large proportion of amino acids residing in metabolically inactive metabolite pools. Second, total pool sizes appear largest in the dark (heterotrophic) condition, whereas active pool sizes appeared to be largest in the light with sucrose (mixotrophic) growth condition. In contrast turnover measurements based on pool size were highest overall in the light with sucrose experiment, with the exception of leucine/isoleucine, lysine, and arginine, which all showed higher turnover in the dark. K-means clustering analysis also revealed more rapid turnover in the light treatments with many amino acids clustering in lower-turnover groups. Emerging insights from other research were also supported, such as the prevalence of alternate pathways for serine metabolism in non-photosynthetic cells. These data provide extensive novel information on amino acid pool size and kinetics in S. polyrhiza and can serve as groundwork for future metabolic studies. PMID:29904627

Metabolic Patterns in Spirodela polyrhiza Revealed by 15N Stable Isotope Labeling of Amino Acids in Photoautotrophic, Heterotrophic, and Mixotrophic Growth Conditions.

PubMed

Evans, Erin M; Freund, Dana M; Sondervan, Veronica M; Cohen, Jerry D; Hegeman, Adrian D

2018-01-01

In this study we describe a [ 15 N] stable isotopic labeling study of amino acids in Spirodela polyrhiza (common duckweed) grown under three different light and carbon input conditions which represent unique potential metabolic modes. Plants were grown with a light cycle, either with supplemental sucrose (mixotrophic) or without supplemental sucrose (photoautotrophic) and in the dark with supplemental sucrose (heterotrophic). Labeling patterns, pool sizes (both metabolically active and inactive), and kinetics/turnover rates were estimated for 17 of the proteinogenic amino acids. Estimation of these parameters followed several overall trends. First, most amino acids showed plateaus in labeling patterns of <100% [ 15 N]-labeling, indicating the possibility of a large proportion of amino acids residing in metabolically inactive metabolite pools. Second, total pool sizes appear largest in the dark (heterotrophic) condition, whereas active pool sizes appeared to be largest in the light with sucrose (mixotrophic) growth condition. In contrast turnover measurements based on pool size were highest overall in the light with sucrose experiment, with the exception of leucine/isoleucine, lysine, and arginine, which all showed higher turnover in the dark. K-means clustering analysis also revealed more rapid turnover in the light treatments with many amino acids clustering in lower-turnover groups. Emerging insights from other research were also supported, such as the prevalence of alternate pathways for serine metabolism in non-photosynthetic cells. These data provide extensive novel information on amino acid pool size and kinetics in S. polyrhiza and can serve as groundwork for future metabolic studies.

Metabolic patterns in Spirodela polyrhiza revealed by 15N stable isotope labeling of amino acids in photoautotrophic, heterotrophic, and mixotrophic growth conditions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Evans, Erin M.; Freund, Dana M.; Sondervan, Veronica M.; Cohen, Jerry D.; Hegeman, Adrian D.

2018-05-01

In this study we describe a [15N] stable isotopic labeling study of amino acids in Spirodela polyrhiza (common duckweed) grown under three different light and carbon input conditions which represent unique potential metabolic modes. Plants were grown with a light cycle, either with supplemental sucrose (mixotrophic) or without supplemental sucrose (photoautotrophic) and in the dark with supplemental sucrose (heterotrophic). Labeling patterns, pool sizes (both metabolically active and inactive), and kinetics/turnover rates were estimated for fifteen of the proteinogenic amino acids. Estimation of these parameters followed several overall trends. First, most amino acids showed plateaus in labeling patterns of less than 100% [15N]-labeling, indicating the possibility of a large proportion of amino acids residing in metabolically inactive metabolite pools. Second, total pool sizes appear largest in the dark (heterotrophic) condition, whereas active pool sizes appeared to be largest in the light with sucrose (mixotrophic) growth condition. In contrast turnover measurements based on pool size were highest overall in the light with sucrose experiment, with the exception of leucine/isoleucine, lysine, and arginine, which all showed higher turnover in the dark. K-means clustering analysis also revealed more rapid turnover in the light treatments with many amino acids clustering in lower-turnover groups. Emerging insights from other research were also supported, such as the prevalence of alternate pathways for serine metabolism in non-photosynthetic cells. These data provide extensive novel information on amino acid pool size and kinetics in S. polyrhiza and can serve as groundwork for future metabolic studies.

Optical apparatus for forming correlation spectrometers and optical processors

DOEpatents

Butler, Michael A.; Ricco, Antonio J.; Sinclair, Michael B.; Senturia, Stephen D.

1999-01-01

Optical apparatus for forming correlation spectrometers and optical processors. The optical apparatus comprises one or more diffractive optical elements formed on a substrate for receiving light from a source and processing the incident light. The optical apparatus includes an addressing element for alternately addressing each diffractive optical element thereof to produce for one unit of time a first correlation with the incident light, and to produce for a different unit of time a second correlation with the incident light that is different from the first correlation. In preferred embodiments of the invention, the optical apparatus is in the form of a correlation spectrometer; and in other embodiments, the apparatus is in the form of an optical processor. In some embodiments, the optical apparatus comprises a plurality of diffractive optical elements on a common substrate for forming first and second gratings that alternately intercept the incident light for different units of time. In other embodiments, the optical apparatus includes an electrically-programmable diffraction grating that may be alternately switched between a plurality of grating states thereof for processing the incident light. The optical apparatus may be formed, at least in part, by a micromachining process.

Optical apparatus for forming correlation spectrometers and optical processors

DOEpatents

Butler, M.A.; Ricco, A.J.; Sinclair, M.B.; Senturia, S.D.

1999-05-18

Optical apparatus is disclosed for forming correlation spectrometers and optical processors. The optical apparatus comprises one or more diffractive optical elements formed on a substrate for receiving light from a source and processing the incident light. The optical apparatus includes an addressing element for alternately addressing each diffractive optical element thereof to produce for one unit of time a first correlation with the incident light, and to produce for a different unit of time a second correlation with the incident light that is different from the first correlation. In preferred embodiments of the invention, the optical apparatus is in the form of a correlation spectrometer; and in other embodiments, the apparatus is in the form of an optical processor. In some embodiments, the optical apparatus comprises a plurality of diffractive optical elements on a common substrate for forming first and second gratings that alternately intercept the incident light for different units of time. In other embodiments, the optical apparatus includes an electrically-programmable diffraction grating that may be alternately switched between a plurality of grating states thereof for processing the incident light. The optical apparatus may be formed, at least in part, by a micromachining process. 24 figs.

Competition for light and nutrients in layered communities of aquatic plants.

PubMed

van Gerven, Luuk P A; de Klein, Jeroen J M; Gerla, Daan J; Kooi, Bob W; Kuiper, Jan J; Mooij, Wolf M

2015-07-01

Dominance of free-floating plants poses a threat to biodiversity in many freshwater ecosystems. Here we propose a theoretical framework to understand this dominance, by modeling the competition for light and nutrients in a layered community of floating and submerged plants. The model shows that at high supply of light and nutrients, floating plants always dominate due to their primacy for light, even when submerged plants have lower minimal resource requirements. The model also shows that floating-plant dominance cannot be an alternative stable state in light-limited environments but only in nutrient-limited environments, depending on the plants' resource consumption traits. Compared to unlayered communities, the asymmetry in competition for light-coincident with symmetry in competition for nutrients-leads to fundamentally different results: competition outcomes can no longer be predicted from species traits such as minimal resource requirements ([Formula: see text] rule) and resource consumption. Also, the same two species can, depending on the environment, coexist or be alternative stable states. When applied to two common plant species in temperate regions, both the model and field data suggest that floating-plant dominance is unlikely to be an alternative stable state.

46 CFR 112.43-7 - Navigating bridge distribution panel.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Navigating bridge distribution panel. 112.43-7 Section 112.43-7 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Lighting Systems § 112.43-7 Navigating bridge distribution...

46 CFR 112.43-7 - Navigating bridge distribution panel.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Navigating bridge distribution panel. 112.43-7 Section 112.43-7 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Lighting Systems § 112.43-7 Navigating bridge distribution...

46 CFR 112.43-7 - Navigating bridge distribution panel.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Navigating bridge distribution panel. 112.43-7 Section 112.43-7 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Lighting Systems § 112.43-7 Navigating bridge distribution...

Could Mars be dark and altered?

USGS Publications Warehouse

Calvin, Wendy M.

1998-01-01

There is a long known dichotomy in the martian albedo, with an associated, but mostly assumed, mineralogical split as well. The bright red regions are inferred to be weathered, oxidized dust and the dark grey regions unaltered volcanic material. A number of recent analyses suggest this division is unnaturally simplistic and the association of many dark regions with the former presence of water requires a re‐examination of the spectra in light of potential alteration minerals. I present an alternate interpretation of the reflectance spectral characteristics of some dark regions on Mars that includes dark layer silicates. If their presence is confirmed on Mars this will have implications for sequestration of current and past volatile inventories, clues to the extent and type of geochemical weathering, and potential zones where bacterial life forms may have emerged.

The emergence of trust in clinics of alternative medicine.

PubMed

Pedersen, Inge Kryger; Hansen, Vibeke Holm; Grünenberg, Kristina

2016-01-01

Demands for alternative medicine have increased since the 1970s in nations in which western scientific evidence has become the basis for health care. This paradox has been the impetus to examine how trust emerges in clinics of alternative medicine. Alternative practitioners are self-regulated and the clients pay out of their own pockets to attend non-authorised treatments with very limited scientific evidence of their effects. Trust is a key issue in this context. However, only a few studies have dealt with the ways in which alternative practitioners win their clients' trust. Drawing on three qualitative studies and informing the empirical findings with a sociological concept of trust, this article provides new empirical insights on how trust emerges in Danish clinics of acupuncture, reflexology and homeopathy. The analysis demonstrates how trust is situational and emerges through both clients' susceptibility and practitioners' individual skill development and strategies, as well as from objects, place and space. Trust is developed on relational and bodily as well as material grounds. It is argued that the dynamics and elements of trust identified do not only minimalise uncertainties but sometimes convert these uncertainties into productive new ways for clients to address their ailments, life circumstances and perspectives. © 2015 Foundation for the Sociology of Health & Illness.

[Negotiating light therapy. Kellogg versus Finsen, and the controversy about the health effects of light rays around 1900].

PubMed

Ingold, Niklaus

2015-07-01

Western medicine has produced different rationales for the application of light rays to cure diseases in the 201h century. Since the 1980s, physicians have used bright light for treating mental disorders. In the interwar period, however, physicians regarded ultraviolet rays rather than bright light as medically relevant. This view goes back to the 1890s, when the physician (and later Nobel Price laureate) Niels R. Finsen started treating skin tuberculosis with light rays. However, Finsen was not the only physician who utilized the new electric light to develop effective therapies. Famous American inventor of the breakfast cereal and eugenicists, John Harvey Kellogg used incandescent lamps to heat a sweatbox. Consequently, two different therapeutic schools emerged from these therapeutic experiments. This article shows how these two schools negotiated the use of light therapy and how a specific idea of medically interesting light rays emerged thereby.

White LEDs and modules in chip-on-board technology for general lighting

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hartmann, Paul; Wenzl, Franz P.; Sommer, Christian; Pachler, Peter; Hoschopf, Hans; Schweighart, Marko; Hartmann, Martin; Kuna, Ladislav; Jakopic, Georg; Leising, Guenther; Tasch, Stefan

2006-08-01

At present, light-emitting diode (LED) modules in various shapes are developed and designed for the general lighting, advertisement, emergency lighting, design and architectural markets. To compete with and to surpass the performance of traditional lighting systems, enhancement of Lumen output and the white light quality as well as the thermal management and the luminary integration are key factors for success. Regarding these issues, white LEDs based on the chip-on-board (COB) technology show pronounced advantages. State-of-the-art LEDs exploiting this technology are now ready to enter the general lighting segments. We introduce and discuss the specific properties of the Tridonic COB technology dedicated for general lighting. This technology, in combination with a comprehensive set of tools to improve and to enhance the Lumen output and the white light quality, including optical simulation, is the scaffolding for the application of white LEDs in emerging areas, for which an outlook will be given.

Emergency airway puncture

MedlinePlus

... support for only a very short period of time. Alternative Names Needle cricothyrotomy Images Emergency airway puncture Cricoid cartilage Emergency airway puncture - series References Hebert RB, Bose S, Mace SE. Cricothyrotomy and ...

33 CFR 88.12 - Public safety activities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...; traffic control; salvage; firefighting; medical assistance; assisting disabled vessels; and search and... alternately flashing red and yellow light signal. This identification light signal must be located so that it does not interfere with the visibility of the vessel's navigation lights. The identification light...

33 CFR 88.12 - Public safety activities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...; traffic control; salvage; firefighting; medical assistance; assisting disabled vessels; and search and... alternately flashing red and yellow light signal. This identification light signal must be located so that it does not interfere with the visibility of the vessel's navigation lights. The identification light...

Environmental Assessment for the NASA First Response Facility

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kennedy, Carolyn

2003-01-01

NASA intends to construct a First Response Facility for integrated emergency response and health management. This facility will consolidate the Stennis Space Center fire department, medical clinic, security operations, emergency operations and the energy management and control center. The alternative considered is the "No Action Alternative". The proposed action will correct existing operational weaknesses and enhance capabilities to respond to medical emergencies and mitigate any other possible threats. Environmental impacts include are emissions, wetlands disturbance, solid waste generation, and storm water control.

46 CFR 112.01-1 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Purpose. 112.01-1 Section 112.01-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Definitions of Emergency Lighting and Power Systems § 112.01-1 Purpose. The purpose of this subpart is to...

System Would Predictively Preempt Traffic Lights for Emergency Vehicles

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bachelder, Aaron; Foster, Conrad

2004-01-01

Two electronic communication-and-control systems have been proposed as means of modifying the switching of traffic lights to give priority to emergency vehicles. Both systems would utilize the inductive loops already installed in the streets of many municipalities to detect vehicles for timing the switching of traffic lights. The proposed systems could be used alone or to augment other automated emergency traffic-light preemption systems that are already present in some municipalities, including systems that recognize flashing lights or siren sounds or that utilize information on the positions of emergency vehicles derived from the Global Positioning System (GPS). Systems that detect flashing lights and siren sounds are limited in range, cannot "see" or "hear" well around corners, and are highly vulnerable to noise. GPS-based systems are effective in rural areas and small cities, but are often ineffective in large cities because of frequent occultation of GPS satellite signals by large structures. In contrast, the proposed traffic-loop forward prediction system would be relatively invulnerable to noise, would not be subject to significant range limitations, and would function well in large cities -- even in such places as underneath bridges and in tunnels, where GPS-based systems do not work. One proposed system has been characterized as "car-active" because each participating emergency vehicle would be equipped with a computer and a radio transceiver that would communicate with stationary transceivers at the traffic loops. The other proposed system has been characterized as "car-passive" because a passive radio transponder would be installed on the underside of a participating vehicle.

Evolving Prehospital, Emergency Department, and “Inpatient” Management Models for Geriatric Emergencies

PubMed Central

Carpenter, Christopher R.; Platts-Mills, Timothy F.

2013-01-01

Alternative management methods are essential to ensure high quality and efficient emergency care for the growing number of geriatric adults worldwide. Protocols for case-finding and rapid diagnosis to support early condition-specific treatment for older adults with acute severe illness and injury are needed. Improved emergency department care for older adults will require providers to look beyond the diagnosis to address the influence of other factors on the patient's health: isolation and depression; finances and transportation; and chronic medical conditions and polypharmacy. This review article describes recent and ongoing efforts to enhance the quality of emergency care for older adults using alternative management approaches spanning the spectrum from prehospital care, through the emergency department, and into evolving inpatient or outpatient processes of care. PMID:23177599

Pulmonary decontamination for photodynamic inactivation with extracorporeal illumination

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Geralde, Mariana C.; Leite, Ilaiáli S.; Inada, Natalia M.; Grecco, Clóvis; Medeiros, Alexandra I.; Kurachi, Cristina; Bagnato, Vanderlei S.

2014-03-01

Infectious pneumonia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, despite advances in diagnostics and therapeutics in pulmonary infections. One of the major difficulties associated with the infection comes from the high rate of antibiotic resistant microorganisms, claiming for the use of alternative techniques with high efficiency and low cost. The photodynamic inactivation (PDI) is emerging as one of the great possibilities in this area, once its action is oxidative, not allowing microorganism develops resistance against the treatment. PDI for decontamination pulmonary has potential for treatment or creating better conditions for the action of antibiotics. In this study, we are developing a device to implement PDI for the treatment of lung diseases with extracorporeal illumination. To validate our theory, we performed measurements in liquid phantom to simulate light penetration in biological tissues at various fluency rates, the temperature was monitored in a body of hairless mice and the measurements of light transmittance in this same animal model. A diode laser emitting at 810 nm in continuous mode was used. Our results show 70% of leakage at 0.5 mm of thickness in phantom model. The mouse body temperature variation was 5.4 °C and was observed light transmittance through its chest. These results are suggesting the possible application of the extracorporeal illumination using infrared light source. Based on these findings, further studies about photodynamic inactivation will be performed in animal model using indocyanine green and bacteriochlorin as photosensitizers. The pulmonary infection will be induced with Streptococcus pneumoniae and Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Physiological scoring: an aid to emergency medical services transport decisions?

PubMed

Challen, Kirsty; Walter, Darren

2010-01-01

Attendance at UK emergency departments is rising steadily despite the proliferation of alternative unscheduled care providers. Evidence is mixed on the willingness of emergency medical services (EMS) providers to decline to transport patients and the safety of incorporating such an option into EMS provision. Physiologically based Early Warning Scores are in use in many hospitals and emergency departments, but not yet have been proven to be of benefit in the prehospital arena. The use of a physiological-social scoring system could safely identify patients calling EMS who might be diverted from the emergency department to an alternative, unscheduled, care provider. This was a retrospective, cohort study of patients with a presenting complaint of "shortness of breath" or "difficulty breathing" transported to the emergency department by EMS. Retrospective calculation of a physiological social score (PMEWS) based on first recorded data from EMS records was performed. Outcome measures of hospital admission and need for physiologically stabilizing treatment in the emergency department also were performed. A total of 215 records were analyzed. One hundred thirty-nine (65%) patients were admitted from the emergency department or received physiologically stabilizing treatment in the emergency department. Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (AUROC) for hospital admission was 0.697 and for admission or physiologically stabilizing treatment was 0.710. No patient scoring<2 was admitted or received stabilizing treatment. Despite significant over-triage, this system could have diverted 79 patients safely from the emergency department to alternative, unscheduled, care providers.

[Intervention to reduce the impact of light and noise on sleep in an emergency department observation area].

PubMed

Villamor Ordozgoiti, Alberto; Priu Parra, Inmaculada; España Salvador, María Carmen; Torres Valdés, Constancia; Bas Ciutad, María Pilar; Ponce Quílez, María Rosa

2017-02-01

To study quality of patient rest before and after an intervention to reduce nighttime light and noise in the emergency department observation area of an urban hospital. Quasi-experimental study in 2 groups before and after the intervention in the observation area of the Hospital Clínic de Barcelona. We administered a questionnaire about the quality of nighttime rest to assess the effect of light and noise on sleep. Light and noise were reduced by means of structural changes to the environment and through the introduction of protocols to modify how care plans were carried out at night. Fifty nurses participated in the pre-intervention study and 371 in the post-intervention study. Seventy-two percent and 91.37% of the patients reported resting well before and after the intervention, respectively (P< .001). Factors like pain, nursing care, or daytime naps do not affect sleep quality. Nighttime rest in emergency department observation areas is affected by ambient light and noise more than by other variables. Reducing light and noise at night can measurably improve patients' rest.

Effect of light intensity adjusted for species-specific spectral sensitivity on live performance and processing yield of male broiler chickens

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Adoption of alternative lighting systems to replace traditional incandescent light sources offers the opportunity to tailor lighting systems according to spectral sensitivity needs of different species. Providing a lighting environment that accounts for poultry vision may improve bird welfare and p...

46 CFR 112.25-10 - Transfer of emergency loads.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Systems Having an Automatic Starting Diesel Engine or Gas Turbine Driven Emergency Power Source as the Sole Emergency Power Source § 112.25-10 Transfer of emergency loads. (a) When...

46 CFR 112.25-10 - Transfer of emergency loads.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Systems Having an Automatic Starting Diesel Engine or Gas Turbine Driven Emergency Power Source as the Sole Emergency Power Source § 112.25-10 Transfer of emergency loads. (a) When...

46 CFR 112.25-10 - Transfer of emergency loads.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Systems Having an Automatic Starting Diesel Engine or Gas Turbine Driven Emergency Power Source as the Sole Emergency Power Source § 112.25-10 Transfer of emergency loads. (a) When...

46 CFR 112.25-10 - Transfer of emergency loads.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Systems Having an Automatic Starting Diesel Engine or Gas Turbine Driven Emergency Power Source as the Sole Emergency Power Source § 112.25-10 Transfer of emergency loads. (a) When...

46 CFR 112.25-10 - Transfer of emergency loads.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Systems Having an Automatic Starting Diesel Engine or Gas Turbine Driven Emergency Power Source as the Sole Emergency Power Source § 112.25-10 Transfer of emergency loads. (a) When...

33 CFR 127.109 - Lighting systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Lighting systems. 127.109 Section... Waterfront Facilities Handling Liquefied Natural Gas § 127.109 Lighting systems. (a) The marine transfer area for LNG must have a lighting system and separate emergency lighting. (b) All outdoor lighting must be...

33 CFR 127.109 - Lighting systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Lighting systems. 127.109 Section... Waterfront Facilities Handling Liquefied Natural Gas § 127.109 Lighting systems. (a) The marine transfer area for LNG must have a lighting system and separate emergency lighting. (b) All outdoor lighting must be...

33 CFR 127.109 - Lighting systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Lighting systems. 127.109 Section... Waterfront Facilities Handling Liquefied Natural Gas § 127.109 Lighting systems. (a) The marine transfer area for LNG must have a lighting system and separate emergency lighting. (b) All outdoor lighting must be...

33 CFR 127.109 - Lighting systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Lighting systems. 127.109 Section... Waterfront Facilities Handling Liquefied Natural Gas § 127.109 Lighting systems. (a) The marine transfer area for LNG must have a lighting system and separate emergency lighting. (b) All outdoor lighting must be...

33 CFR 127.109 - Lighting systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Lighting systems. 127.109 Section... Waterfront Facilities Handling Liquefied Natural Gas § 127.109 Lighting systems. (a) The marine transfer area for LNG must have a lighting system and separate emergency lighting. (b) All outdoor lighting must be...

The Role of Light in the Emergence of Weeds: Using Camelina microcarpa as an Example.

PubMed

Royo-Esnal, Aritz; Gesch, Russell W; Forcella, Frank; Torra, Joel; Recasens, Jordi; Necajeva, Jevgenija

2015-01-01

When modelling the emergence of weeds, two main factors are considered that condition this process: temperature and soil moisture. Optimum temperature is necessary for metabolic processes that generate energy for growth, while turgor pressure is necessary for root and shoot elongation which eventually leads to seedling emergence from the soil. Most emergence models do not usually consider light as a residual factor, but it could have an important role as it can alter directly or indirectly the dormancy and germination of seeds. In this paper, inclusion of light as an additional factor to photoperiod and radiation in emergence models is explored and compared with the classical hydrothermal time (HTT) model using Camelina microcarpa as an example. HTT based on hourly estimates is also compared with that based on daily estimates. Results suggest that, although HTT based models are accurate enough for local applications, the precision of these models is improved when HTT is estimated hourly and solar radiation is included as a factor.

Photometry in the dark: time dependent visibility of low intensity light sources.

PubMed

Poelman, Dirk; Smet, Philippe F

2010-12-06

This paper aims at describing the perceived brightness of persistent luminescent materials for emergency signage. In case of emergency, typically, a fully light adapted person is left in the dark, except for the emergency sign. The available photometric models cannot describe visibility of such light source, as they do not consider the slow dark adaptation of the human eye. The model proposed here fully takes into account the shift from photopic to scotopic vision, the related shift in spectral sensitivity and the dark adaptation. The resulting metric is a 'visibility index' and preliminary tests show that it more realistically describes the perceived brightness of persistent luminescent materials than the common photometric standards.

46 CFR 112.20-15 - Transfer of emergency loads.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Systems Having a Temporary and a Final Emergency Power Source § 112.20-15 Transfer of emergency loads. (a) When the potential of the final emergency power source reaches 85 to 95...

46 CFR 112.20-15 - Transfer of emergency loads.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Systems Having a Temporary and a Final Emergency Power Source § 112.20-15 Transfer of emergency loads. (a) When the potential of the final emergency power source reaches 85 to 95...

46 CFR 112.20-15 - Transfer of emergency loads.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Systems Having a Temporary and a Final Emergency Power Source § 112.20-15 Transfer of emergency loads. (a) When the potential of the final emergency power source reaches 85 to 95...

46 CFR 112.20-15 - Transfer of emergency loads.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Systems Having a Temporary and a Final Emergency Power Source § 112.20-15 Transfer of emergency loads. (a) When the potential of the final emergency power source reaches 85 to 95...

46 CFR 112.20-15 - Transfer of emergency loads.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Systems Having a Temporary and a Final Emergency Power Source § 112.20-15 Transfer of emergency loads. (a) When the potential of the final emergency power source reaches 85 to 95...

46 CFR 112.15-1 - Temporary emergency loads.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Loads § 112.15-1 Temporary emergency loads. On vessels required by § 112.05-5(a) to have a temporary emergency power source, the following emergency lighting and power loads must be arranged so that they can be energized from the temporary emergency power source: (a...

46 CFR 112.15-1 - Temporary emergency loads.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Loads § 112.15-1 Temporary emergency loads. On vessels required by § 112.05-5(a) to have a temporary emergency power source, the following emergency lighting and power loads must be arranged so that they can be energized from the temporary emergency power source: (a...

46 CFR 112.15-1 - Temporary emergency loads.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Loads § 112.15-1 Temporary emergency loads. On vessels required by § 112.05-5(a) to have a temporary emergency power source, the following emergency lighting and power loads must be arranged so that they can be energized from the temporary emergency power source: (a...

10 CFR 434.514 - Lighting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Lighting. 434.514 Section 434.514 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION ENERGY CODE FOR NEW FEDERAL COMMERCIAL AND MULTI-FAMILY HIGH RISE RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS Building Energy Cost Compliance Alternative § 434.514 Lighting. 514.1Interior Lighting Power...

10 CFR 434.514 - Lighting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 10 Energy 3 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Lighting. 434.514 Section 434.514 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION ENERGY CODE FOR NEW FEDERAL COMMERCIAL AND MULTI-FAMILY HIGH RISE RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS Building Energy Cost Compliance Alternative § 434.514 Lighting. 514.1Interior Lighting Power...

10 CFR 434.514 - Lighting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 10 Energy 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Lighting. 434.514 Section 434.514 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION ENERGY CODE FOR NEW FEDERAL COMMERCIAL AND MULTI-FAMILY HIGH RISE RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS Building Energy Cost Compliance Alternative § 434.514 Lighting. 514.1Interior Lighting Power...

10 CFR 434.514 - Lighting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 10 Energy 3 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Lighting. 434.514 Section 434.514 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION ENERGY CODE FOR NEW FEDERAL COMMERCIAL AND MULTI-FAMILY HIGH RISE RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS Building Energy Cost Compliance Alternative § 434.514 Lighting. 514.1 Interior Lighting Power...

10 CFR 434.514 - Lighting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 10 Energy 3 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Lighting. 434.514 Section 434.514 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION ENERGY CODE FOR NEW FEDERAL COMMERCIAL AND MULTI-FAMILY HIGH RISE RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS Building Energy Cost Compliance Alternative § 434.514 Lighting. 514.1Interior Lighting Power...

14 CFR 25.812 - Emergency lighting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... sign required by § 25.811(d)(3) must have red letters at least 11/2 inches high on a white background... red letters at least 1 inch high on a white background at least 2 inches high. These signs may be... marking and locating signs, sources of general cabin illumination, interior lighting in emergency exit...

14 CFR 25.812 - Emergency lighting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... sign required by § 25.811(d)(3) must have red letters at least 11/2 inches high on a white background... red letters at least 1 inch high on a white background at least 2 inches high. These signs may be... marking and locating signs, sources of general cabin illumination, interior lighting in emergency exit...

46 CFR 112.43-5 - Controls on island type vessels.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Controls on island type vessels. 112.43-5 Section 112.43-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Lighting Systems § 112.43-5 Controls on island type vessels. On an...

46 CFR 112.43-5 - Controls on island type vessels.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Controls on island type vessels. 112.43-5 Section 112.43-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Lighting Systems § 112.43-5 Controls on island type vessels. On an...

46 CFR 112.43-5 - Controls on island type vessels.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Controls on island type vessels. 112.43-5 Section 112.43-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Lighting Systems § 112.43-5 Controls on island type vessels. On an...

46 CFR 112.43-5 - Controls on island type vessels.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Controls on island type vessels. 112.43-5 Section 112.43-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Lighting Systems § 112.43-5 Controls on island type vessels. On an...

46 CFR 112.43-5 - Controls on island type vessels.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Controls on island type vessels. 112.43-5 Section 112.43-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Lighting Systems § 112.43-5 Controls on island type vessels. On an...

A Guide to the Librarian's Responsibility in Achieving Quality in Lighting and Ventilation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mason, Ellsworth

1967-01-01

Quality, not intensity, is the keystone to good library lighting. The single most important problem in lighting is glare caused by extremely intense centers of light. Multiple interfiling of light rays is a factor required in library lighting. A fixture that diffuses light well is basic when light emerges from the fixture. It scatters widely,…

Emergency Teacher Certification. ERIC Digest.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ashburn, Elizabeth A.

Emergency certification involves the issuance of teaching licenses to individuals who have not completed a traditional college or university teacher education program. This two-page information review examines the problems arising from emergency certification and its relationship to student achievement. Some alternatives to emergency certification…

46 CFR 111.30-29 - Emergency switchboards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... but not in the same space as a battery emergency power source. (d) Each alternating-current emergency... switchboard with a draw out or plug-in type generator circuit breaker that disconnects: (i) Each generator...

46 CFR 111.30-29 - Emergency switchboards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... but not in the same space as a battery emergency power source. (d) Each alternating-current emergency... switchboard with a draw out or plug-in type generator circuit breaker that disconnects: (i) Each generator...

46 CFR 111.75-17 - Navigation lights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Navigation lights. 111.75-17 Section 111.75-17 Shipping... REQUIREMENTS Lighting Circuits and Protection § 111.75-17 Navigation lights. Each navigation light system must...-5(a) of this chapter, each navigation light panel must be supplied by a feeder from the emergency...

46 CFR 111.75-17 - Navigation lights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Navigation lights. 111.75-17 Section 111.75-17 Shipping... REQUIREMENTS Lighting Circuits and Protection § 111.75-17 Navigation lights. Each navigation light system must...-5(a) of this chapter, each navigation light panel must be supplied by a feeder from the emergency...

46 CFR 111.75-17 - Navigation lights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Navigation lights. 111.75-17 Section 111.75-17 Shipping... REQUIREMENTS Lighting Circuits and Protection § 111.75-17 Navigation lights. Each navigation light system must...-5(a) of this chapter, each navigation light panel must be supplied by a feeder from the emergency...

46 CFR 111.75-17 - Navigation lights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Navigation lights. 111.75-17 Section 111.75-17 Shipping... REQUIREMENTS Lighting Circuits and Protection § 111.75-17 Navigation lights. Each navigation light system must...-5(a) of this chapter, each navigation light panel must be supplied by a feeder from the emergency...

46 CFR 111.75-17 - Navigation lights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Navigation lights. 111.75-17 Section 111.75-17 Shipping... REQUIREMENTS Lighting Circuits and Protection § 111.75-17 Navigation lights. Each navigation light system must...-5(a) of this chapter, each navigation light panel must be supplied by a feeder from the emergency...

EMERGING CLASS A PROCESSES - A DISCUSSION OF NOVEL APPROACHES TO MEETING CLASS A, ALTERNATIVES 1, 3 AND 4; AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES APPLYING FOR A PFRP EQUIVALENCY UNDER CLASS A, ALTERNATIVE 6.

EPA Science Inventory

Pathogenic microorganisms enter the wastewater collection system from many sources including hospitals, slaughter houses and schools. During treatment at the wastewater treatment plant they become concentrated in the sewage sludge. Prior to any kind of beneficial use the sludge m...

46 CFR 112.30-1 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Systems Having an Automatically Connected Storage Battery as the Sole Emergency Power Source § 112.30-1 General. This subpart contains requirements applicable to emergency power installations having...

46 CFR 112.30-1 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Systems Having an Automatically Connected Storage Battery as the Sole Emergency Power Source § 112.30-1 General. This subpart contains requirements applicable to emergency power installations having...

46 CFR 112.30-1 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Systems Having an Automatically Connected Storage Battery as the Sole Emergency Power Source § 112.30-1 General. This subpart contains requirements applicable to emergency power installations having...

46 CFR 112.30-1 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Systems Having an Automatically Connected Storage Battery as the Sole Emergency Power Source § 112.30-1 General. This subpart contains requirements applicable to emergency power installations having...

46 CFR 112.30-1 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Systems Having an Automatically Connected Storage Battery as the Sole Emergency Power Source § 112.30-1 General. This subpart contains requirements applicable to emergency power installations having...

Age-specific light preferences and vertical migration patterns of a Great Lakes invasive invertebrate, Hemimysis anomala

USGS Publications Warehouse

Boscarino, Brent T.; Halpin, Kathleen E.; Rudstam, Lars G.; Walsh, Maureen G.; Lantry, Brian F.

2012-01-01

We use a combination of spectral sensitivity analyses, laboratory behavioral observations and field distributions of a vertically migrating invertebrate, Hemimysis anomala (a recent invasive species to the Laurentian Great Lakes of North America), to determine if light preference and timing of emergence has an ontogenetic component. Juvenile Hemimysis (−3.4 and 10−2.4 mylux— a Hemimysis-specific unit of brightness derived from visual pigment analyses (wavelength of maximum absorbance = 500 nm; 1 mylux ~ 159 lx). These preferred light levels are equivalent to those present during nautical twilight on the Earth's surface and were several orders of magnitude brighter than those most preferred by adults (> 4.5 mm) in the laboratory (10−6.4 to 10−7.4 mylux). Both size classes completely avoided light levels of 10−0.4 mylux and greater, which are representative of daytime light levels at the Earth's surface. Net hauls taken at ~ 20-min intervals from sunset to the end of nautical twilight on two sampling occasions on Seneca Lake, New York (sampling depth = 2 m) revealed that juveniles emerged into the water column during civil twilight. Adult Hemimysis emerged later during nautical twilight when juveniles had already reached their maximum abundance in the water column. Laboratory-derived light preferences successfully predicted the timing of emergence and time of maximal abundance of both size classes on both sampling occasions. This study is one of the first to demonstrate that Hemimysis diel vertical migration has an ontogenetic component and to report the specific light levels likely to initiate and limit vertical movements.

Seed germination of three Ulmus species from Turkey as influenced by temperature and light.

PubMed

Cicek, Emrah; Tilki, Fahrettin

2007-04-01

The effect of temperature and light on the germination performance of Ulmus minor, Ulmus glabra and Ulmus laevis were studied in this research. Seeds were germinated under constant temperatures of 20 and 25 degrees C and alternating temperatures of 25/15 and 30/20 degrees C. Within each temperature regime, seeds were subjected daily to the following photoperiods: total darkness and 8 hr photoperiod. Temperature and light affected seed germination percentage (GP) and germination rate expressed as peak value (PV) in Ulmus minor and 25 and 30/20 degrees C under light gave the highest GP (>95%) and PV (>23). The temperatures of 25/15 and 30/20 degrees C gave the highest GP (>89%) in Ulmus glabra and light did not significantly affect GP. But the highest PV in Ulmus glabra was found at these temperatures under light. Germination percentage of Ulmus laevis was not affected by temperature and light, but the alternating temperature of 30/20 degrees C produced the highest germination rate under darkness.

46 CFR 112.20-3 - Normal source for emergency loads.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

....20-3 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Systems Having a Temporary and a Final Emergency Power Source...'s service generating plant. (b) The power from the ship's service generating plant for the emergency...

46 CFR 112.25-3 - Normal source for emergency loads.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

....25-3 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Systems Having an Automatic Starting Diesel Engine or Gas Turbine Driven Emergency Power Source as the Sole Emergency Power Source § 112.25-3 Normal source for...

46 CFR 112.30-3 - Normal source for emergency loads.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

....30-3 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Systems Having an Automatically Connected Storage Battery as the Sole Emergency Power Source § 112.30-3 Normal source for emergency loads. (a) The normal source...

46 CFR 112.30-5 - Transfer of emergency loads.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Systems Having an Automatically Connected Storage Battery as the Sole Emergency Power Source § 112.30-5 Transfer of emergency loads. If there is a reduction of potential of the...

46 CFR 112.20-3 - Normal source for emergency loads.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

....20-3 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Systems Having a Temporary and a Final Emergency Power Source...'s service generating plant. (b) The power from the ship's service generating plant for the emergency...

46 CFR 112.25-3 - Normal source for emergency loads.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

....25-3 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Systems Having an Automatic Starting Diesel Engine or Gas Turbine Driven Emergency Power Source as the Sole Emergency Power Source § 112.25-3 Normal source for...

46 CFR 112.20-3 - Normal source for emergency loads.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

....20-3 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Systems Having a Temporary and a Final Emergency Power Source...'s service generating plant. (b) The power from the ship's service generating plant for the emergency...

46 CFR 112.30-3 - Normal source for emergency loads.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

....30-3 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Systems Having an Automatically Connected Storage Battery as the Sole Emergency Power Source § 112.30-3 Normal source for emergency loads. (a) The normal source...

46 CFR 112.30-3 - Normal source for emergency loads.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

....30-3 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Systems Having an Automatically Connected Storage Battery as the Sole Emergency Power Source § 112.30-3 Normal source for emergency loads. (a) The normal source...

46 CFR 112.30-5 - Transfer of emergency loads.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Systems Having an Automatically Connected Storage Battery as the Sole Emergency Power Source § 112.30-5 Transfer of emergency loads. If there is a reduction of potential of the...

46 CFR 112.20-3 - Normal source for emergency loads.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

....20-3 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Systems Having a Temporary and a Final Emergency Power Source...'s service generating plant. (b) The power from the ship's service generating plant for the emergency...

46 CFR 112.30-5 - Transfer of emergency loads.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Systems Having an Automatically Connected Storage Battery as the Sole Emergency Power Source § 112.30-5 Transfer of emergency loads. If there is a reduction of potential of the...

46 CFR 112.20-3 - Normal source for emergency loads.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

....20-3 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Systems Having a Temporary and a Final Emergency Power Source...'s service generating plant. (b) The power from the ship's service generating plant for the emergency...

46 CFR 112.30-5 - Transfer of emergency loads.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Systems Having an Automatically Connected Storage Battery as the Sole Emergency Power Source § 112.30-5 Transfer of emergency loads. If there is a reduction of potential of the...

46 CFR 112.30-3 - Normal source for emergency loads.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

....30-3 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Systems Having an Automatically Connected Storage Battery as the Sole Emergency Power Source § 112.30-3 Normal source for emergency loads. (a) The normal source...

46 CFR 112.25-3 - Normal source for emergency loads.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

....25-3 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Systems Having an Automatic Starting Diesel Engine or Gas Turbine Driven Emergency Power Source as the Sole Emergency Power Source § 112.25-3 Normal source for...

46 CFR 112.30-3 - Normal source for emergency loads.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

....30-3 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Systems Having an Automatically Connected Storage Battery as the Sole Emergency Power Source § 112.30-3 Normal source for emergency loads. (a) The normal source...

46 CFR 112.25-3 - Normal source for emergency loads.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

....25-3 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Systems Having an Automatic Starting Diesel Engine or Gas Turbine Driven Emergency Power Source as the Sole Emergency Power Source § 112.25-3 Normal source for...

46 CFR 112.30-5 - Transfer of emergency loads.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Systems Having an Automatically Connected Storage Battery as the Sole Emergency Power Source § 112.30-5 Transfer of emergency loads. If there is a reduction of potential of the...

46 CFR 112.25-3 - Normal source for emergency loads.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

....25-3 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Systems Having an Automatic Starting Diesel Engine or Gas Turbine Driven Emergency Power Source as the Sole Emergency Power Source § 112.25-3 Normal source for...

How alternative payment models in emergency medicine can benefit physicians, payers, and patients.

PubMed

Harish, Nir J; Miller, Harold D; Pines, Jesse M; Zane, Richard D; Wiler, Jennifer L

2017-06-01

While there has been considerable effort devoted to developing alternative payment models (APMs) for primary care physicians and for episodes of care beginning with inpatient admissions, there has been relatively little attention by payers to developing APMs for specialty ambulatory care, and no efforts to develop APMs that explicitly focus on emergency care. In order to ensure that emergency care is appropriately integrated and valued in future payment models, emergency physicians (EPs) must engage with the stakeholders within the broader health care system. In this article, we describe a framework for the development of APMs for emergency medicine and present four examples of APMs that may be applicable in emergency medicine. A better understanding of how APMs can work in emergency medicine will help EPs develop new APMs that improve the cost and quality of care, and leverage the value that emergency care brings to the system. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Effects of light pollution on the emergent fauna of shallow marine ecosystems: Amphipods as a case study.

PubMed

Navarro-Barranco, Carlos; Hughes, Lauren Elizabeth

2015-05-15

Light pollution from coastal urban development is a widespread and increasing threat to biodiversity. Many amphipod species migrate between the benthos and the pelagic environment and light seems is a main ecological factor which regulates migration. We explore the effect of artificial lighting on amphipod assemblages using two kind of lights, LED and halogen, and control traps in shallow waters of the Great Barrier Reef. Both types of artificial light traps showed a significantly higher abundance of individuals for all species in comparison to control traps. LED lights showed a stronger effect over the amphipod assemblages, with these traps collecting a higher number of individuals and differing species composition, with some species showing a specific attraction to LED light. As emergent amphipods are a key ecological group in the shallow water environment, the impact of artificial light can affect the broader functioning of the ecosystem. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Altering the axial light gradient affects photomorphogenesis in emerging seedlings of Zea mays L

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Parks, B. M.; Poff, K. L.

1986-01-01

The axial (longitudinal) red light gradient (632 nanometers) of 4 day old dark-grown maize seedlings is increased by staining the peripheral cells of the coleoptile. The magnitude of increase in the light gradient is dependent solely on the light-absorbing qualities of the stain used. Metanil yellow has no effect on the axial red-light gradient, while methylene blue causes a large increase in this light gradient. These stains did not affect growth in darkness or the sensitivity of mesocotyl elongation to red light. However, mesocotyl elongation was altered for the dark-grown seedlings stained with methylene blue when these seedlings were transplanted, covered with soil, and permitted to emerge under natural lighting conditions. These observations are consistent with the idea that there is a single perceptive site below the coleoptilar node, and suggest that this perceptive site gives the actinic light which has traveled downward through the length of the shoot from an entry point in the plant tip region.

Physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying the integration of light and temperature cues in Arabidopsis thaliana seeds.

PubMed

Arana, María Verónica; Tognacca, Rocío Soledad; Estravis-Barcalá, Maximiliano; Sánchez, Rodolfo Augusto; Botto, Javier Francisco

2017-12-01

The relief of dormancy and the promotion of seed germination are of extreme importance for a successful seedling establishment. Although alternating temperatures and light are signals promoting the relief of seed dormancy, the underlying mechanisms of their interaction in seeds are scarcely known. By exposing imbibed Arabidopsis thaliana dormant seeds to two-day temperature cycles previous of a red light pulse, we demonstrate that the germination mediated by phytochrome B requires the presence of functional PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATOR 7 (PRR7) and TIMING OF CAB EXPRESSION 1 (TOC1) alleles. In addition, daily cycles of alternating temperatures in darkness reduce the protein levels of DELAY OF GERMINATION 1 (DOG1), allowing the expression of TOC1 to induce seed germination. Our results suggest a functional role for some components of the circadian clock related with the action of DOG1 for the integration of alternating temperatures and light signals in the relief of seed dormancy. The synchronization of germination by the synergic action of light and temperature through the activity of circadian clock might have ecological and adaptive consequences. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

49 CFR 579.27 - Reporting requirements for manufacturers of fewer than 100 buses annually, for manufacturers of...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... manufacturers of fewer than 5,000 light vehicles, medium-heavy vehicles (other than buses and emergency vehicles... fewer than 5,000 light vehicles, medium-heavy vehicles (other than buses and emergency vehicles... vehicles, medium-heavy vehicles and buses, motorcycles, or trailers submitted pursuant to §§ 579.21 through...

Testing Verlinde's emergent gravity in early-type galaxies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tortora, C.; Koopmans, L. V. E.; Napolitano, N. R.; Valentijn, E. A.

2018-01-01

Emergent Gravity (EG) has been proposed to resolve the missing mass problem in galaxies, replacing the potential of dark matter (DM) by the effect of the entropy displacement of dark energy by baryonic matter. This apparent DM depends only on the baryonic mass distribution and the present-day value of the Hubble parameter. In this paper we test the EG proposition, formalized by Verlinde for a spherical and isolated mass distribution using the central dynamics (Sloan Digital Sky Survey velocity dispersion, σ) and the K-band light distribution in a sample of 4032 massive (M_{\\star }≳ 10^{10} M_{⊙}) and local early-type galaxies (ETGs) from the SPIDER datasample. Our results remain unaltered if we consider the sample of 750 roundest field galaxies. Using these observations we derive the predictions by EG for the stellar mass-to-light ratio (M/L) and the initial mass function (IMF). We demonstrate that, consistently with a classical Newtonian framework with a DM halo component or alternative theories of gravity as MOdified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND), the central dynamics can be fitted if the IMF is assumed non-universal and systematically changing with σ. For the case of EG, we find lower, but still acceptable, stellar M/L if compared with the DM-based Navarro, Frenk & White (NFW) model and with MOND, but pretty similar to adiabatically contracted DM haloes and with expectations from spectral gravity-sensitive features. If the strain caused by the entropy displacement would be not maximal, as adopted in the current formulation, then the dynamics of ETGs could be reproduced with larger M/L.

Combining high power diode lasers using fiber bundles for beam delivery in optoacoustic endoscopy applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gawali, Sandeep Babu; Leggio, Luca; Sánchez, Miguel; Rodríguez, Sergio; Dadrasnia, Ehsan; Gallego, Daniel C.; Lamela, Horacio

2016-05-01

Optoacoustic (OA) effect refers to the generation of the acoustic waves due to absorption of light energy in a biological tissue. The incident laser pulse is absorbed by the tissue, resulting in the generation of ultrasound that is typically detected by a piezoelectric detector. Compared to other techniques, the advantage of OA imaging (OAI) technique consists in combining the high resolution of ultrasound technique with the high contrast of optical imaging. Generally, Nd:YAG and OPO systems are used for the generation of OA waves but their use in clinical environment is limited for many aspects. On the other hand, high-power diode lasers (HPDLs) emerge as potential alternative. However, the power of HPDLs is still relatively low compared to solid-state lasers. We show a side-by-side combination of several HPDLs in an optical fiber bundle to increase the amount of power for OA applications. Initially, we combine the output optical power of several HPDLs at 905 nm using two 7 to 1 round optical fiber bundles featuring a 675 μm and 1.2 mm bundle aperture. In a second step, we couple the output light of these fiber bundles to a 600 μm core diameter endoscopic fiber, reporting the corresponding coupling efficiencies. The fiber bundles with reasonable small diameter are likely to be used for providing sufficient light energy to potential OA endoscopy (OAE) applications.

Effectiveness of High Intensity Light Pulses (HILP) treatments for the control of Escherichia coli and Listeria innocua in apple juice, orange juice and milk.

PubMed

Palgan, I; Caminiti, I M; Muñoz, A; Noci, F; Whyte, P; Morgan, D J; Cronin, D A; Lyng, J G

2011-02-01

High Intensity Light Pulses (HILP) represent an emerging processing technology which uses short (100-400 μs) light pulses (200-1100 nm) for product decontamination. In this study, model and real foods of differing transparencies (maximum recovery diluent (MRD), apple and orange juices and milk) were exposed to HILP in a batch system for 0, 2, 4 or 8 s at a frequency of 3 Hz. After treatment, inactivation of Escherichia coli or Listeria innocua was evaluated in pre-inoculated samples. Sensory and other quality attributes (colour, pH, Brix, titratable acidity, non-enzymatic browning, total phenols and antioxidant capacity (TEAC)) were assessed in apple juice. Microbial kill decreased with decreasing transparency of the medium. In apple juice (the most transparent beverage) E. coli decreased by 2.65 and 4.5 after exposure times of 2 or 4 s, respectively. No cell recovery was observed after 48 h storage at 4°C. No significant differences were observed in quality parameters, excepting TEAC and flavour score, where 8 s exposure caused a significant decrease (p<0.05). Based on these results, HILP with short exposure times could represent a potential alternative to thermal processing to eliminate undesirable microorganisms, while maintaining product quality, in transparent fruit juices. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A light/dark cycle in the NICU accelerates body weight gain and shortens time to discharge in preterm infants.

PubMed

Vásquez-Ruiz, Samuel; Maya-Barrios, José Alfonso; Torres-Narváez, Patricia; Vega-Martínez, Benito Rubén; Rojas-Granados, Adelina; Escobar, Carolina; Angeles-Castellanos, Manuel

2014-09-01

Bright constant light levels in the NICU may have negative effects on the growth and development of preterm infants The aim of this study is to evaluate the benefits of an alternating light/dark cycle in the NICU on weight gain and early discharge from the therapy in premature infants. A randomized interventional study was designed comparing infants in the NICU of Hospital Juarez de México, exposed from birth either to an LD environment (LD, n=19) or to the traditional continuous light (LL, n=19). The LD condition was achieved by placing individual removable helmets over the infant's heads. Body weight gain was analyzed, as the main indicator of stability and the main criteria for discharge in preterm infants born at 31.73±0.31week gestational age. Infants maintained in an LD cycle gained weight faster than infants in LL and therefore attained a shorter hospital stay, (34.37±3.12 vs 51.11±5.29days; P>0.01). Also, LD infants exhibited improved oxygen saturation and developed a daily melatonin rhythm. These findings provide a convenient alternative for establishing an LD environment for preterm healthy newborns in the NICU and confirm the beneficial effects of an alternating LD cycle for growth and weight gain and for earlier discharge time. Here we provide an easy and practical alternative to implement light/dark conditions in the NICU. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Assessing School Emergency Care Preparedness.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hale, Charles; Varnes, Jill

A study assessed the emergency health care preparedness of a north central Florida public school district in light of seven criteria: (1) school policies regarding delivery of emergency health care; (2) identification of school personnel responsible for rendering emergency care; (3) training levels of emergency health care providers (first aid and…

48 CFR 218.203 - Incidents of national significance, emergency declaration, or major disaster declaration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... significance, emergency declaration, or major disaster declaration. 218.203 Section 218.203 Federal Acquisition... significance, emergency declaration, or major disaster declaration. (1) Establishing or maintaining alternative... awarded by contracting officers in the conduct of emergency operations, such as responses to natural...

48 CFR 218.203 - Incidents of national significance, emergency declaration, or major disaster declaration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... significance, emergency declaration, or major disaster declaration. 218.203 Section 218.203 Federal Acquisition... significance, emergency declaration, or major disaster declaration. (1) Establishing or maintaining alternative... awarded by contracting officers in the conduct of emergency operations, such as responses to natural...

48 CFR 218.203 - Incidents of national significance, emergency declaration, or major disaster declaration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... significance, emergency declaration, or major disaster declaration. 218.203 Section 218.203 Federal Acquisition... significance, emergency declaration, or major disaster declaration. (1) Establishing or maintaining alternative... awarded by contracting officers in the conduct of emergency operations, such as responses to natural...

48 CFR 218.203 - Incidents of national significance, emergency declaration, or major disaster declaration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... significance, emergency declaration, or major disaster declaration. 218.203 Section 218.203 Federal Acquisition... significance, emergency declaration, or major disaster declaration. (1) Establishing or maintaining alternative... awarded by contracting officers in the conduct of emergency operations, such as responses to natural...

Comparison of sampling methodologies and estimation of population parameters for a temporary fish ectoparasite.

PubMed

Artim, J M; Sikkel, P C

2016-08-01

Characterizing spatio-temporal variation in the density of organisms in a community is a crucial part of ecological study. However, doing so for small, motile, cryptic species presents multiple challenges, especially where multiple life history stages are involved. Gnathiid isopods are ecologically important marine ectoparasites, micropredators that live in substrate for most of their lives, emerging only once during each juvenile stage to feed on fish blood. Many gnathiid species are nocturnal and most have distinct substrate preferences. Studies of gnathiid use of habitat, exploitation of hosts, and population dynamics have used various trap designs to estimate rates of gnathiid emergence, study sensory ecology, and identify host susceptibility. In the studies reported here, we compare and contrast the performance of emergence, fish-baited and light trap designs, outline the key features of these traps, and determine some life cycle parameters derived from trap counts for the Eastern Caribbean coral-reef gnathiid, Gnathia marleyi. We also used counts from large emergence traps and light traps to estimate additional life cycle parameters, emergence rates, and total gnathiid density on substrate, and to calibrate the light trap design to provide estimates of rate of emergence and total gnathiid density in habitat not amenable to emergence trap deployment.

Alternative Fuels Data Center

Science.gov Websites

Plug-In Electric Vehicle (PEV) Charging Rates - Indianapolis Power & Light The Indianapolis Power & Light Co (IPL) offers special PEV charging rates, including year-round time-of-use based & Light Company Phone: (317) 261-5178 electric.vehicle@aes.com

Light rail transit : state-of-the-art overview

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1977-05-01

This document presents an overview of light rail transit, an urban transit alternative which has the potential to help fill the need for flexibility in public transportation. Existing and proposed U.S. and Canadian light rail transit systems are desc...

Applications of Optical Microcavity Resonators in Analytical Chemistry

PubMed Central

Wade, James H.; Bailey, Ryan C.

2018-01-01

Optical resonator sensors are an emerging class of analytical technologies that use recirculating light confined within a microcavity to sensitively measure the surrounding environment. Bolstered by advances in microfabrication, these devices can be configured for a wide variety of chemical or biomolecular sensing applications. The review begins with a brief description of optical resonator sensor operation followed by discussions regarding sensor design, including different geometries, choices of material systems, methods of sensor interrogation, and new approaches to sensor operation. Throughout, key recent developments are highlighted, including advancements in biosensing and other applications of optical sensors. Alternative sensing mechanisms and hybrid sensing devices are then discussed in terms of their potential for more sensitive and rapid analyses. Brief concluding statements offer our perspective on the future of optical microcavity sensors and their promise as versatile detection elements within analytical chemistry. PMID:27049629

Chemical and UV Mutagenesis.

PubMed

Bose, Jeffrey L

2016-01-01

The ability to create mutations is an important step towards understanding bacterial physiology and virulence. While targeted approaches are invaluable, the ability to produce genome-wide random mutations can lead to crucial discoveries. Transposon mutagenesis is a useful approach, but many interesting mutations can be missed by these insertions that interrupt coding and noncoding sequences due to the integration of an entire transposon. Chemical mutagenesis and UV-based random mutagenesis are alternate approaches to isolate mutations of interest with the potential of only single nucleotide changes. Once a standard method, difficulty in identifying mutation sites had decreased the popularity of this technique. However, thanks to the recent emergence of economical whole-genome sequencing, this approach to making mutations can once again become a viable option. Therefore, this chapter provides an overview protocol for random mutagenesis using UV light or DNA-damaging chemicals.

Demonstration Assessment of Light-Emitting Diode (LED) Parking Lot Lighting at T.J.Maxx in Manchester, NH Phase I

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Myer, Michael; Goettel, Russell T.

2010-06-29

A report describing the process and results of replacing existing parking lot lighting, looking at a LED option with occupancy sensors, and conventional alternates. Criteria include payback, light levels, occupant satisfaction. This report is Phase I of II. Phase I deals with initial installation.

Effects of light sources and intensity on broilers grown to heavy weights: Hematophysiological and biochemical assessment.

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Most governments around the world including the USA have passed measures to phase out incandescent light bulbs in favor of more energy-efficient lighting alternatives. Research is limited on blood physiological variables of broilers grown to heavy weights (> 3 kg) under these new light sources to en...

Design for Manufacture and Assembly for Product Development (Case study : Emergency Lamp)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ngatilah, Y.; Pulansari, F.; Ernawati, Dira; Pujiastuti, C.; Parwati, C. I.; Prasetyo, B.

2018-01-01

Community needs that are not primary but important in everyday life are lights for lighting. State electricity company (PLN) is experiencing limitations in supplying electricity for this puIDRose. Therefore emergency lights (emergency lights) are already marketed in the community, which limited function only illuminate a very limited space. Therefore we developed the design of energy saving lamps using “Light Emitting Diode” (LED) which can illuminate the whole house as well as functioning as mobile phone charger (HP). The method used is Design for Manufacture and Assembly (DFMA), with the result of design development The percentage increase in assembly efficiency (E) is 0.01071 - 0.00645 = 0.00426 or = 39.76%. The decrease in material costs is IDR 234,000 - IDR 214,000 = IDR 20,000 or = 8.54% .Development design is received because of more assembly efficiency than the initial design. Power usage on previous products with series and designs of the original product can last only 4-5 hours non-stop, while the development of the design can survive 9-10 hours 2x more energy efficient.

46 CFR 112.20-1 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Systems Having a Temporary and a Final Emergency Power Source § 112.20-1 General. This subpart contains requirements applicable to emergency power installations having both a temporary and a final...

46 CFR 112.20-1 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Systems Having a Temporary and a Final Emergency Power Source § 112.20-1 General. This subpart contains requirements applicable to emergency power installations having both a temporary and a final...

46 CFR 112.25-1 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Systems Having an Automatic Starting Diesel Engine or Gas Turbine Driven Emergency Power Source as the Sole Emergency Power Source § 112.25-1 General. This subpart contains requirements applicable to...

46 CFR 112.25-1 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Systems Having an Automatic Starting Diesel Engine or Gas Turbine Driven Emergency Power Source as the Sole Emergency Power Source § 112.25-1 General. This subpart contains requirements applicable to...

46 CFR 112.20-1 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Systems Having a Temporary and a Final Emergency Power Source § 112.20-1 General. This subpart contains requirements applicable to emergency power installations having both a temporary and a final...

46 CFR 112.20-1 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Systems Having a Temporary and a Final Emergency Power Source § 112.20-1 General. This subpart contains requirements applicable to emergency power installations having both a temporary and a final...

46 CFR 112.20-1 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Systems Having a Temporary and a Final Emergency Power Source § 112.20-1 General. This subpart contains requirements applicable to emergency power installations having both a temporary and a final...

46 CFR 112.25-1 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Systems Having an Automatic Starting Diesel Engine or Gas Turbine Driven Emergency Power Source as the Sole Emergency Power Source § 112.25-1 General. This subpart contains requirements applicable to...

46 CFR 112.25-1 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Systems Having an Automatic Starting Diesel Engine or Gas Turbine Driven Emergency Power Source as the Sole Emergency Power Source § 112.25-1 General. This subpart contains requirements applicable to...

46 CFR 112.25-1 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Systems Having an Automatic Starting Diesel Engine or Gas Turbine Driven Emergency Power Source as the Sole Emergency Power Source § 112.25-1 General. This subpart contains requirements applicable to...

46 CFR 112.15-10 - Loads on systems without a temporary emergency power source.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

...) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Loads § 112.15-10 Loads on systems without a temporary emergency power source. If there is no temporary emergency power source, the loads... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Loads on systems without a temporary emergency power...

46 CFR 112.15-10 - Loads on systems without a temporary emergency power source.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

...) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Loads § 112.15-10 Loads on systems without a temporary emergency power source. If there is no temporary emergency power source, the loads... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Loads on systems without a temporary emergency power...

46 CFR 112.15-10 - Loads on systems without a temporary emergency power source.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

...) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Loads § 112.15-10 Loads on systems without a temporary emergency power source. If there is no temporary emergency power source, the loads... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Loads on systems without a temporary emergency power...

46 CFR 112.15-10 - Loads on systems without a temporary emergency power source.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

...) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Loads § 112.15-10 Loads on systems without a temporary emergency power source. If there is no temporary emergency power source, the loads... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Loads on systems without a temporary emergency power...

46 CFR 112.15-10 - Loads on systems without a temporary emergency power source.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

...) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Loads § 112.15-10 Loads on systems without a temporary emergency power source. If there is no temporary emergency power source, the loads... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Loads on systems without a temporary emergency power...

The new electromagnetic tetrads, infinite tetrad nesting and the non-trivial emergence of complex numbers in real theories of gravitation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Garat, Alcides

How complex numbers get into play in a non-trivial way in real theories of gravitation is relevant since in a unified structure they should be able to relate in a natural way with quantum theories. For a long time this issue has been lingering on both relativistic formulations and quantum theories. We will analyze this fundamental subject under the light of new group isomorphism theorems linking local internal groups of transformations and local groups of spacetime transformations. The bridge between these two kinds of transformations is represented by new tetrads introduced previously. It is precisely through these local tetrad structures that we will provide a non-trivial answer to this old issue. These new tetrads have two fundamental building components, the skeletons and the gauge vectors. It is these constructive elements that provide the mathematical support that allows to prove group isomorphism theorems. In addition to this, we will prove a unique new property, the infinite tetrad nesting, alternating the nesting with non-Abelian tetrads in the construction of the tetrad gauge vectors. As an application we will demonstrate an alternative proof of a new group isomorphism theorem.

Fast alternative Monte Carlo formalism for a class of problems in biophotonics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Miller, Steven D.

1997-12-01

A practical and effective, alternative Monte Carlo formalism is presented that rapidly finds flux solutions to the radiative transport equation for a class of problems in biophotonics; namely, wide-beam irradiance of finite, optically anisotropic homogeneous or heterogeneous biomedias, which both strongly scatter and absorb light. Such biomedias include liver, tumors, blood, or highly blood perfused tissues. As Fermat rays comprising a wide coherent (laser) beam enter the tissue, they evolve into a bundle of random optical paths or trajectories due to scattering. Overall, this can be physically interpreted as a bundle of Markov trajectories traced out by a 'gas' of Brownian-like point photons being successively scattered and absorbed. By considering the cumulative flow of a statistical bundle of trajectories through interior data planes, the effective equivalent information of the (generally unknown) analytical flux solutions of the transfer equation rapidly emerges. Unlike the standard Monte Carlo techniques, which evaluate scalar fluence, this technique is faster, more efficient, and simpler to apply for this specific class of optical situations. Other analytical or numerical techniques can either become unwieldy or lack viability or are simply more difficult to apply. Illustrative flux calculations are presented for liver, blood, and tissue-tumor-tissue systems.

Role of hydrophobic interactions in the self-assembly of alternating copolymers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Malardier-Jugroot, Cecile; Chan, Anita S. W.; Groves, Michael N.

2010-03-01

New nanomaterials already play a key role in several emerging technologies. Among the methods used to fabricate new nanomaterials, the most successful in producing precise structure is the bottom-up method. The materials obtained by self-assembly are ordered on different scales and respond and adapt to the presence of other molecules in their environment [1] and can therefore be used as probes, sensors or switches [2]. In this paper, we will describes the self-assembly of amphiphilic alternating copolymers into nanoarchitectures in aqueous solution. To investigate the role of the nature of the hydrophobic groups on the association, the self-assembly of two polymers are compared: poly(isobutylene-alt-maleic anhydride) (IMA) and poly(styrene-alt-maleic anhydride) (SMA) [3, 4]. The theoretical prediction is also compared to experiment and the characterization using Small Angle Neutron Scattering, Dynamic Light Scattering and High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy will be presented in detail. [1] S. Zhang, Nature Biotechnology, 21, 10, 1171, 2003. [2] F. Patolsky, et al., Nanomedicine, 1, 51-65, 2006 [3] C. Malardier-Jugroot, et al., J. of Phys. Chem. B, 109(15), 7022-7032, 2005 [4] A.S.W. Chan, et al., Mol. Sim., accepted for publication, 2009.

Changes in dopamine and ZENK during suppression of myopia in chicks by intense illuminance.

PubMed

Lan, Weizhong; Yang, Zhikuan; Feldkaemper, Marita; Schaeffel, Frank

2016-04-01

High ambient illuminances have been found to slow the development of deprivation myopia in several animal models. Almost complete inhibition of myopia was observed in chickens when intermittent episodes of high illuminance were alternated with standard office illuminance (50% duty cycle, alternate periods of 1 min 15,000 lux and 1 min 500 lux, continued for 10 h per day), or when illuminances were increased to 40,000 lux. Since the mechanisms by which bright light suppresses myopia are poorly understood, we have studied the roles of two well-established signaling molecules in myopia, dopamine and ZENK, in the chicken. In line with previous studies, we found that retinal dopamine release (as reflected by vitreal DOPAC content) was severely reduced during development of deprivation myopia. We found that illuminance of 15,000 lux, provided by quartz-halogen lamps, partially rescued the drop in retinal dopamine release. The finding is in line with the assumption that dopamine is involved in the light-induced inhibition of myopia. No differences in vitreal DOPAC were found when bright light was provided continuously or with 1:1 min alternating exposure with 500 lux. As previously described by others, wearing diffusers suppressed the expression of ZENK protein in glucagonergic amacrine cells (GACs) but neither continuous nor 1:1 min alternating bright to normal light could rescue the suppression of ZENK in GACs. While it is well known that light increases global retinal ZENK mRNA and protein levels, the changes of ZENK protein induced specifically in GACs by diffuser wear appear independent of light levels. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Glue-free assembly of glass fiber reinforced thermoplastics using laser light

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Binetruy, C.; Clement, S.; Deleglise, M.; Franz, C.; Knapp, W.; Oumarou, M.; Renard, J.; Roesner, A.

2011-05-01

The use of laser light for bonding of continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites (CFTPC) offers new possibilities to overcome the constraints of conventional joining technologies. Laser bonding is environmentally friendly as no chemical additive or glue is necessary. Accuracy and flexibility of the laser process as well as the quality of the weld seams provide benefits which are already used in many industrial applications. Laser transmission welding has already been introduced in manufacturing of short fiber thermoplastic composites. The laser replaces hot air in tapelaying systems for pre-preg carbon fiber placement. The paper provides an overview concerning the technical basics of the joining process and outline some material inherent characteristics to be considered when using continuous glass fiber reinforced composites The technical feasibility and the mechanical characterization of laser bonded CFTPC are demonstrated. The influence of the different layer configurations on the laser interaction with the material is investigated and the dependency on the mechanical strength of the weld seem is analyzed. The results show that the laser provides an alternative joining technique and offers new perspectives to assemble structural components emerging in automotive or aeronautical manufacturing. It overcomes the environmental and technical difficulties related to existing gluing processes.

Printing of cotton with eco-friendly, red algal pigment from Gracilaria sp.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Moldovan, S.; Ferrandiz, M.; Franco, E.; Mira, E.; Capablanca, L.; Bonet, Mª

2017-10-01

Natural dyes represent an emerging trend in the textile industry and eco-fashion due to the increasing awareness of the sustainability concept, which must be applied to the surrounding environment. In the light of the stated problem, the search for alternative sources of dyes, revealed the new, eco-friendly, biodegradable, non-carcinogenic and sustainable colorant matter, the algal biomass. In the present work, the suitability and viability of printing cotton fabrics with pigments obtained from the red macroalgae Gracilaria sp., has been investigated. For this aim, phycoerythrin, the red pigment, was extracted from fresh algal biomass, and used in a laboratory pigment-printing process, employing a natural and synthetic printing paste, for process efficiency comparison. The color values and the rubbing and laundering fastness of the printed substrates were evaluated. Results show that a light pink color can be obtained when applying both tested printing processes, and in terms of color fastness, both printing pastes show good behavior. In conclusion, the algal pigments show a high printing capacity on cotton substrates, either when employing the synthetic conventional paste and; moreover, when applying the more sustainable and eco-friendly natural paste.

Strategies to potentiate antimicrobial photoinactivation by overcoming resistant phenotypes†

PubMed Central

Vera, D. Mariano A.; Haynes, Mark H; Ball, Anthony R.; Dai, D. Tianhong; Astrakas, Christos; Kelso, Michael J; Hamblin, Michael R; Tegos, George P.

2012-01-01

Conventional antimicrobial strategies have become increasingly ineffective due to the emergence of multidrug resistance among pathogenic microorganisms. The need to overcome these deficiencies has triggered the exploration of alternative treatments and unconventional approaches towards controlling microbial infections. Photodynamic therapy was originally established as an anti-cancer modality and is currently used in the treatment of age related macular degeneration. The concept of photodynamic inactivation requires cell exposure to light energy, typically wavelengths in the visible region that causes the excitation of photosensitizer molecules either exogenous or endogenous, which results in the production of reactive oxygen species. ROS produce cell inactivation and death through modification of intracellular components. The versatile characteristics of PDT prompted its investigation as an anti-infective discovery platform. Advances in understanding of microbial physiology have shed light on a series of pathways, and phenotypes that serve as putative targets for antimicrobial drug discovery. Investigations of these phenotypic elements in concert with PDT have been reported focused on multidrug efflux systems, biofilms, virulence and pathogenesis determinants. In many instances the results are promising but only preliminary and require further investigation. This review discusses the different antimicrobial PDT strategies and highlights the need for highly informative and comprehensive discovery approaches. PMID:22242675

Lighting for Tomorrow: What have we learned and what about the day after tomorrow?

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gordon, Kelly L.; Foster, Rebecca; McGowan, Terry

2006-08-22

This paper describes Lighting for Tomorrow, a program sponsored by the US Department of Energy Emerging Technologies Program, the American Lighting Association, and the Consortium for Energy Efficiency. The program has conducted a design competition for residential decorative lighting fixtures using energy-efficient light sources. The paper discusses the reasons for development of the design competition, and the intended outcomes of the effort. The two competitive rounds completed to date are described in terms of their specific messaging and rules, direct results, and lessons learned. Experience to date is synthesized relative to the intended outcomes, including new product introductions, increased awarenessmore » of energy efficiency within the lighting industry, and increased participation by lighting showrooms in marketing and selling energy-efficient light fixtures. The paper also highlights the emergence of Lighting for Tomorrow as a forum for addressing market and technical barriers impeding use of energy-efficient lighting in the residential sector. Finally, it describes how Lighting for Tomorrow's current year (2006) program has been designed to respond to lessons from the previous competitions, feedback from the industry, and changes in lighting technology.« less

Using an alternate light source to detect electrically singed feathers and hair in a forensic setting.

PubMed

Viner, Tabitha C; Kagan, Rebecca A; Johnson, Jennifer L

2014-01-01

Mortality due to electrical injury in wildlife may occur in the form of lightning strike or power line contact. Evidence of electrical contact may be grossly obvious, with extensive singeing, curling, and blackening of feathers, fur, or skin. Occasionally, changes may be subtle, owing to lower current or reduced conductivity, making a definitive diagnosis of electrocution more difficult. We describe the use of an alternate light source in the examination of cases of lightning strike and power line contact in wildlife, and the enhanced detection of changes due to electrical currents in the hair and feathers of affected animals. Subtle changes in the wing feathers of 12 snow geese and 1 wolf that were struck by separate lightning events were made obvious by the use of an alternate light source. Similarly, this technique can be used to strengthen the evidence for power line exposure in birds. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.

Recent Advances in Alternating Current-Driven Organic Light-Emitting Devices.

PubMed

Pan, Yufeng; Xia, Yingdong; Zhang, Haijuan; Qiu, Jian; Zheng, Yiting; Chen, Yonghua; Huang, Wei

2017-11-01

Organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs), typically operated with constant-voltage or direct-current (DC) power sources, are candidates for next-generation solid-state lighting and displays, as they are light, thin, inexpensive, and flexible. However, researchers have focused mainly on the device itself (e.g., development of novel materials, design of the device structure, and optical outcoupling engineering), and little attention has been paid to the driving mode. Recently, an alternative concept to DC-driven OLEDs by directly driving devices using time-dependent voltages or alternating current (AC) has been explored. Here, the effects of different device structures of AC-driven OLEDs, for example, double-insulation, single-insulation, double-injection, and tandem structure, on the device performance are systematically investigated. The formation of excitons and the dielectric layer, which are important to achieve high-performance AC-driven OLEDs, are carefully considered. The importance of gaining further understanding of the fundamental properties of AC-driven OLEDs is then discussed, especially as they relate to device physics. © 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

46 CFR 112.20-10 - Diesel or gas turbine driven emergency power source.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Diesel or gas turbine driven emergency power source. 112.20-10 Section 112.20-10 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Systems Having a Temporary and a Final Emergency...

46 CFR 112.20-10 - Diesel or gas turbine driven emergency power source.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Diesel or gas turbine driven emergency power source. 112.20-10 Section 112.20-10 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Systems Having a Temporary and a Final Emergency...

46 CFR 112.20-10 - Diesel or gas turbine driven emergency power source.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Diesel or gas turbine driven emergency power source. 112.20-10 Section 112.20-10 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Systems Having a Temporary and a Final Emergency...

Understanding possible underlying mechanism in declining germicidal efficiency of UV-LED reactor.

PubMed

Lee, Hyunkyung; Jin, Yongxun; Hong, Seungkwan

2018-06-07

Since ultraviolet light emitting diodes (UV-LEDs) have emerged as an alternative light source for UV disinfection systems, enhancement of reactor performance is a demanding challenge to promote its practical application in water treatment process. This study explored the underlying mechanism of the inefficiency observed in flow-through mode UV disinfection tests to improve the light utilization of UV-LED applications. In particular, the disinfection performance of UV-LED reactors was evaluated using two different flow channel types, reservoir and pathway systems, in order to elucidate the impact of physical circumstances on germicidal efficiency as the light profile was adjusted. Overall, a significant reduction in germicidal efficiency was observed when exposure time was prolonged or a mixing chamber was integrated. Zeta analysis revealed that the repulsion rate between microorganisms decreased with UV fluence transfer, and that change might cause the shielding effect of UV delivery to target microorganisms. In line with the above findings, the reduction in efficiency intensified when opportunities for microbial collision increased. Thus, UV induced microbial aggregation was implicated as being a disinfection hindering factor, exerting its effect through uneven UV illumination. Ultimately, the results refuted the prevailing belief that UV has a cumulative effect. We found that the reservoir system achieved worse performance than the pathway system despite it providing 15 times higher UV fluence: the differences in germicidal efficiency were 1-log, 1.4-log and 1.7-log in the cases of P.aeruginosa, E.coli and S.aureus, respectively. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Influence of awareness and availability of medical alternatives on parents seeking paediatric emergency care.

PubMed

Ellbrant, Julia A; Åkeson, S Jonas; Karlsland Åkeson, Pia M

2018-06-01

Direct seeking of care at paediatric emergency departments may result from an inadequate awareness or a short supply of medical alternatives. We therefore evaluated the care-seeking patterns, availability of medical options and initial medical assessments - with overall reference to socioeconomic status - of parents at an urban paediatric emergency department in a Scandinavian country providing free paediatric healthcare. The parents of children assessed by paediatric emergency department physicians at a Swedish university hospital over a 25-day winter period completed a questionnaire on recent medical contacts and their reasons for attendance. Additional information was obtained from ledgers, patient records and population demographics. In total, 657 of 713 eligible patients (92%) were included. Seventy-nine per cent of their parents either failed to or managed to establish medical contact before the emergency department visit, whereas 21% sought care with no attempt at recent medical contact. Visits with a failed telephone or primary care contact (18%) were more common outside office hours ( p=0.014) and were scored as less urgent ( p=0.014). A perceived emergency was the main reason for no attempt at medical contact before the visit. Direct emergency department care-seeking was more common from the city district with the lowest socioeconomic status ( p=0.027). Although most parents in this Swedish study tried to seek medical advice before attending a paediatric emergency department, perceived emergency, a short supply of telephone health line or primary care facilities and lower socioeconomic status contributed to direct care-seeking by almost 40% of parents. Pre-hospital awareness and the availability of medical alternatives with an emphasis on major differences in socioeconomic status should therefore be considered to further optimize care-seeking in paediatric emergency departments.

Micro spectrometer for parallel light and method of use

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Park, Yeonjoon (Inventor); Choi, Sang H. (Inventor); King, Glen C. (Inventor); Elliott, James R. (Inventor)

2011-01-01

A spectrometer system includes an optical assembly for collimating light, a micro-ring grating assembly having a plurality of coaxially-aligned ring gratings, an aperture device defining an aperture circumscribing a target focal point, and a photon detector. An electro-optical layer of the grating assembly may be electrically connected to an energy supply to change the refractive index of the electro-optical layer. Alternately, the gratings may be electrically connected to the energy supply and energized, e.g., with alternating voltages, to change the refractive index. A data recorder may record the predetermined spectral characteristic. A method of detecting a spectral characteristic of a predetermined wavelength of source light includes generating collimated light using an optical assembly, directing the collimated light onto the micro-ring grating assembly, and selectively energizing the micro-ring grating assembly to diffract the predetermined wavelength onto the target focal point, and detecting the spectral characteristic using a photon detector.

Sweetening Android Lemon Markets: Measuring and Curbing Malware in Application Marketplaces

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-06-08

the main software distribution mechanism for modern mobile devices but are also emerging as a viable alternative to brick -and- mortar stores for...mechanism for modern mobile devices but are also emerging as a viable alternative to brick -and- mortar stores for personal computers. While most...through the Apple App Store , thereby entirely forgoing the traditional distribution channel – packaged opti- cal media sold in brick -and- mortar

46 CFR 111.75-16 - Lighting of survival craft and rescue boats.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... Section 111.75-16 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING ELECTRIC SYSTEMS-GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Lighting Circuits and Protection § 111.75-16 Lighting of survival... be adequately illuminated by lighting supplied from the emergency power source. (b) The arrangement...

Niche construction on Bali: the gods of the countryside

PubMed Central

Lansing, J. Stephen; Fox, Karyn M.

2011-01-01

Human niche construction encompasses both purely biological phenomena, such as the evolution of lactose tolerance, and dual inheritance theory, which investigates the transmission of cultural information. But does niche construction help to explain phenomena in which conscious intention also plays a role? The creation of the engineered landscape of Balinese rice terraces offers a test case. Population genetic analysis and archaeological evidence are used to investigate whether this phenomenon emerged historically from trial and error by generations of farmers, or alternatively was designed by Bali's rulers. In light of strong support for the former hypothesis, two models are developed to explore the emergence of functional structure at both local and global scales. As time goes forward and selected patterns of irrigation schedules are implemented, local variation in rice harvests influences future decisions by the farmers, creating a coupled human–natural system governed by feedback from the environment. This mathematical analysis received a measure of empirical support when government agricultural policies severed the local feedback channels, resulting in the almost instantaneous collapse of rice harvests. The historical process of niche construction may also have included an evolution of religious consciousness, reflected in the beliefs and practices of the water temple cult. PMID:21320905

Ocular manifestations of systemic disease: toxoplasmosis.

PubMed

Vasconcelos-Santos, Daniel V

2012-11-01

To provide an overview of ocular toxoplasmosis, the leading cause of infectious posterior uveitis, focusing on recent trends of disease epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, therapy and prevention. Novel aspects of epidemiology, including growing importance of water transmission are discussed. The historical controversy of congenital versus postnatally acquired toxoplasmosis is revisited. Recent insights into pathogenesis of ocular toxoplasmosis are also reviewed, tipping the delicate balance between parasite virulence and host immunity. Diagnosis of ocular toxoplasmosis is also discussed in the light of serological, molecular and imaging tools. Finally, a critical analysis of current and emerging therapies for ocular toxoplasmosis is made. Preventive aspects are also commented upon. Waterborne toxoplasmosis is increasingly recognized in outbreaks and in endemic areas. The importance of postnatally acquired toxoplasmosis is now well established, but should not lead to underestimation of congenital disease. Genetic determination of parasite virulence/individual susceptibility might correlate with disease outcomes. Serological, molecular and imaging tools may improve the diagnosis and follow-up of individuals with ocular toxoplasmosis. Despite emergence of alternative therapeutic regimens, including intravitreal antibiotics, classical therapy with sulfadiazine/pyrimethamine is still standard for toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis. Adequate prophylaxis is expected to have an effect in ocular burden of toxoplasmosis.

Anxiogenic-like effect of chronic corticosterone in the light-dark emergence task in mice.

PubMed

Ardayfio, Paul; Kim, Kwang-Soo

2006-04-01

Chronic hypercortisolemia is a hallmark of neuroendocrine and psychiatric disorders, such as Cushing's disease and depression. Whether cortisol directly contributes to the altered mood and anxiety symptoms seen in these diseases remains unclear. To address this, the authors have modeled hypercortisolemia by administering corticosterone in the drinking water of female Swiss Webster mice for 17 or 18 days (13 mg/kg). Light-dark emergence, startle habituation, and startle reactivity were measured. Chronic but not acute treatment with corticosterone increased the latency to emerge into the light compartment, an anxiogenic-like effect. Chronic corticosterone treatment did not affect startle habituation, but did reduce startle reactivity. This study suggests that chronic hypercortisolemia may contribute to anxiety-related behavior in patients with Cushing's disease and depression. ((c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved).

Profile and results of frail patient assessed by advanced practice nursing in an Emergency Department.

PubMed

Solé-Casals, Montserrat; Chirveches-Pérez, Emilia; Puigoriol-Juvanteny, Emma; Nubó-Puntí, Núria; Chabrera-Sanz, Carolina; Subirana-Casacuberta, Mireia

2017-06-02

To describe the profile of patients evaluated by Nurse Care Management in an Emergency Department and identify the type of alternative healthcare resource assigned and report the results of clinical practice. Prospective follow-up, on admission to the Emergency Department in an acute hospital and on discharge from the alternative healthcare resource, of patients assessed by Nurse Care Management, from July to December 2015. The patient characteristics, social environment and results of clinical practice were studied. 190 patients were included of whom 13 were readmitted (6.8%). 122 (59.8%) cases from the Emergency Department were referred to to intermediate care facilities, 71 (34.8%) cases for domiciliary care, 10 (4.9%) cases were referred to an acute care hospital and 1 (0.5%) died. Patients referred to intermediate care were more complex, presented geriatric syndromes as their reason for admission and diagnosed with dementia, while those referred to home care presented more respiratory and cardiovascular illnesses (p <0.05). The mean Barthel Index and polypharmacy before emergency admission were higher than at the time of discharge from the alternative healthcare resource (p <0.05). Patients presenting with advanced age, complexity, comorbidity, are referred to intermediate care facilities or domiciliary care, they are admitted to acute care hospitasl and are readmitted less than other patients. After being discharged from the alternative resource, they lose functional capacity and present less polypharmacy. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

Alternative Line Coding Scheme with Fixed Dimming for Visible Light Communication

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Niaz, M. T.; Imdad, F.; Kim, H. S.

2017-01-01

An alternative line coding scheme called fixed-dimming on/off keying (FD-OOK) is proposed for visible-light communication (VLC). FD-OOK reduces the flickering caused by a VLC transmitter and can maintain a 50% dimming level. Simple encoder and decoder are proposed which generates codes where the number of bits representing one is same as the number of bits representing zero. By keeping the number of ones and zeros equal the change in the brightness of lighting may be minimized and kept constant at 50%, thereby reducing the flickering in VLC. The performance of FD-OOK is analysed with two parameters: the spectral efficiency and power requirement.

10 CFR 490.307 - Option for Electric Utilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 10 Energy 3 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Option for Electric Utilities. 490.307 Section 490.307 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION ALTERNATIVE FUEL TRANSPORTATION PROGRAM Alternative Fuel... motor vehicles, the following percentages of new light duty motor vehicles acquired shall be alternative...

10 CFR 490.307 - Option for Electric Utilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 10 Energy 3 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Option for Electric Utilities. 490.307 Section 490.307 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION ALTERNATIVE FUEL TRANSPORTATION PROGRAM Alternative Fuel... motor vehicles, the following percentages of new light duty motor vehicles acquired shall be alternative...

Alternatives to Suspension: A Government Initiative

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ryan, Thomas G.; Zoldy, Scott

2011-01-01

Student discipline and the ineffectiveness of out-of-school suspension is examined in light of the Ontario (Canada) legislative reform that supported a greater emphasis on progressive discipline alternatives to out-of-school suspension. Alternative discipline herein is explored via the behavior education plan, the school survival group, and…

Polarization of light and hopf fibration

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jurčo, B.

1987-09-01

A set of polarization states of quasi-monochromatic light is described geometrically in terms of the Hopf fibration. Several associated alternative polarization parametrizations are given explicitly, including the Stokes parameters.

46 CFR 112.35-5 - Manually started emergency systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

....35-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Manually Controlled Emergency Systems Having a Storage Battery or a Diesel Engine or Gas Turbine Driven Generator as the Sole Emergency Power Source § 112.35-5 Manually...

46 CFR 112.35-5 - Manually started emergency systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

....35-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Manually Controlled Emergency Systems Having a Storage Battery or a Diesel Engine or Gas Turbine Driven Generator as the Sole Emergency Power Source § 112.35-5 Manually...

46 CFR 112.35-5 - Manually started emergency systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

....35-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Manually Controlled Emergency Systems Having a Storage Battery or a Diesel Engine or Gas Turbine Driven Generator as the Sole Emergency Power Source § 112.35-5 Manually...

46 CFR 112.35-5 - Manually started emergency systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

....35-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Manually Controlled Emergency Systems Having a Storage Battery or a Diesel Engine or Gas Turbine Driven Generator as the Sole Emergency Power Source § 112.35-5 Manually...

46 CFR 112.35-5 - Manually started emergency systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

....35-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Manually Controlled Emergency Systems Having a Storage Battery or a Diesel Engine or Gas Turbine Driven Generator as the Sole Emergency Power Source § 112.35-5 Manually...

Phosphor-free, white-light LED under alternating-current operation.

PubMed

Yao, Yu-Feng; Chen, Hao-Tsung; Su, Chia-Ying; Hsieh, Chieh; Lin, Chun-Han; Kiang, Yean-Woei; Yang, C C

2014-11-15

A light-emitting diode structure, consisting of a p-GaN layer, a CdZnO/ZnO quantum-well (QW) structure, a high-temperature-grown ZnO layer, and a GaZnO layer, is fabricated. Under forward bias, the device effectively emits green-yellow light, from the QW structure, at the rim of device mesa. Under reverse bias, electrons in the valence band of the p-GaN layer move into the conduction band of the GaZnO layer, through a QW-state-assisted tunneling process, to recombine with the injected holes in the GaZnO layer, for emitting yellow-red and shallow ultraviolet light over the entire mesa area. Also, carrier recombination in the p-GaN layer produces blue light. By properly designing the thickness of the high-temperature grown ZnO layer, the emission intensity under forward bias can be controlled such that, under alternating-current operation at 60 Hz, the spatial and spectral mixtures of the emitted lights of complementary colors, under forward and reverse biases, result in white light generation based on persistence of vision.

46 CFR 112.45-1 - Visible indicators.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Visible Indicators § 112.45-1 Visible indicators. There must be visible indicators in the... controlled emergency power source is supplying the emergency loads. ...

46 CFR 112.45-1 - Visible indicators.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Visible Indicators § 112.45-1 Visible indicators. There must be visible indicators in the... controlled emergency power source is supplying the emergency loads. ...

46 CFR 112.45-1 - Visible indicators.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Visible Indicators § 112.45-1 Visible indicators. There must be visible indicators in the... controlled emergency power source is supplying the emergency loads. ...

46 CFR 112.45-1 - Visible indicators.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Visible Indicators § 112.45-1 Visible indicators. There must be visible indicators in the... controlled emergency power source is supplying the emergency loads. ...

46 CFR 112.45-1 - Visible indicators.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Visible Indicators § 112.45-1 Visible indicators. There must be visible indicators in the... controlled emergency power source is supplying the emergency loads. ...

Nonprocess solvent use in the furniture refinishing and repair industry: Evaluation of alternative chemical strippers. Final report, September 1993-December 1994

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Turner, S.L.

1996-02-01

The report gives results of an evaluation of the feasibility of using alternatives to high volatile organic compound/hazardous air pollutant (VOC/HAP) solvent-based, chemical strippers that are currently used in the furniture repair and refinishing industry to remove both traditional high-VOC lacquer and emerging, low-VOC, wood furniture coatings. Objectives of the research were to: (1) conduct a laboratory evaluation of the performance of five alternative chemical stripper formulations and compare their performance to that of a traditional solvent-based chemical stripper formulation on three coatings types found on wood furniture substrates, and (2) assess, in a furniture refinishing facility, the use ofmore » the best performing alternative chemical stripper on traditional furniture coatings and new emerging low-VOC furniture coatings. Alternative chemical strippers were evaluated based on their stripping effectiveness compare to a methylene-chloride-based stripper.« less

Alternative Setting-Wide Positive Behavior Support

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Simonsen, Brandi; Jeffrey-Pearsall, Jennifer; Sugai, George; McCurdy, Barry

2011-01-01

School-wide positive behavior support (SWPBS) has an established evidence base in general education settings, and emerging evidence suggests that SWPBS may be effective in alternative settings (e.g., alternative, residential, or hospital schools; psychiatric hospitals). Given the intense educational and behavioral needs of students typically…

44 CFR 7.948 - Alternate funds disbursal procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 44 Emergency Management and Assistance 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Alternate funds disbursal... Investigation, Conciliation, and Enforcement Procedures § 7.948 Alternate funds disbursal procedure. (a) When FEMA withholds funds from recipient under this regulation, the Administrator may, if allowable under...

Cues for cavity nesters: investigating relevant zeitgebers for emerging leafcutting bees, Megachile rotundata.

PubMed

Bennett, Meghan M; Rinehart, Joseph P; Yocum, George D; Doetkott, Curt; Greenlee, Kendra J

2018-05-22

Photoperiod is considered the universal zeitgeber, regulating physiological processes in numerous animals. However, for animals in light-restricted habitats (e.g. burrows or cavities), thermoperiod may be a more important cue. Our study tested this hypothesis in the alfalfa leafcutting bee, Megachile rotundata , which nests in cavities and undergoes development within a brood cell. We assessed the role of environmental cues (thermoperiod and photoperiod) on the process of adult emergence by examining: (1) whether those cues direct circadian rhythms, (2) which cue is more dominant and (3) how sensitive developing bees and emergence-ready adults are to cues. Although we found that 20% of light penetrates the brood cell, and bees respond to photoperiod by synchronizing emergence, thermoperiod is the dominant cue. When presented with a conflicting zeitgeber, bees entrained to the thermophase instead of the photophase. When temperature cues were removed, we observed free-running of emergence, indicating that underlying circadian mechanisms can be synchronized by daily fluctuations in temperature. We also found that emerging bees were highly sensitive to even small increases in temperature, entraining to a ramp speed of 0.33°C h -1 The response and sensitivity to temperature cues suggest that M. rotundata evolved a temperature-mediated clock to time emergence from light-restricted cavities. © 2018. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd.

Emergency vehicle traffic signal preemption system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Foster, Conrad F. (Inventor); Bachelder, Aaron D. (Inventor)

2005-01-01

An emergency vehicle traffic light preemption system for preemption of traffic lights at an intersection to allow safe passage of emergency vehicles. The system includes a real-time status monitor of an intersection which is relayed to a communications controller for transmission to emergency vehicles as well as to a central dispatch office. The system also provides for audio warnings at an intersection to protect pedestrians who may not be in a position to see visual warnings or for various reasons cannot hear the approach of emergency vehicles. A transponder mounted on an emergency vehicle provides autonomous control so the vehicle operator can attend to getting to an emergency and not be concerned with the operation of the system. Activation of a Code 3 situation provides communications with each intersection being approached by an emergency vehicle and indicates whether the intersection is preempted or if there is any conflict with other approaching emergency vehicles. On-board diagnostics handle various information including heading, speed, and acceleration sent to a communications controller which is transmitted to an intersection and which also simultaneously receives information regarding the status of an intersection.

Emergent Expertise?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McGivern, Patrick

2014-01-01

The concept of emergence appears in various places within the literature on expertise and expert practice. Here, I examine some of these applications of emergence in the light of two prominent accounts of emergence from the philosophy of science and philosophy of mind. I evaluate these accounts with respect to several specific contexts in which…

45 CFR 3.21 - Emergency vehicles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Emergency vehicles. 3.21 Section 3.21 Public... THE NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH FEDERAL ENCLAVE Traffic Regulations § 3.21 Emergency vehicles. A person must yield the right of way to an emergency vehicle operating its siren or flashing lights. ...

45 CFR 3.21 - Emergency vehicles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Emergency vehicles. 3.21 Section 3.21 Public... THE NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH FEDERAL ENCLAVE Traffic Regulations § 3.21 Emergency vehicles. A person must yield the right of way to an emergency vehicle operating its siren or flashing lights. ...

45 CFR 3.21 - Emergency vehicles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Emergency vehicles. 3.21 Section 3.21 Public... THE NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH FEDERAL ENCLAVE Traffic Regulations § 3.21 Emergency vehicles. A person must yield the right of way to an emergency vehicle operating its siren or flashing lights. ...

45 CFR 3.21 - Emergency vehicles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Emergency vehicles. 3.21 Section 3.21 Public... THE NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH FEDERAL ENCLAVE Traffic Regulations § 3.21 Emergency vehicles. A person must yield the right of way to an emergency vehicle operating its siren or flashing lights. ...

46 CFR 112.35-3 - Normal source for emergency loads.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

....35-3 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Manually Controlled Emergency Systems Having a Storage Battery or a Diesel Engine or Gas Turbine Driven Generator as the Sole Emergency Power Source § 112.35-3 Normal source...

46 CFR 112.35-3 - Normal source for emergency loads.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

....35-3 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Manually Controlled Emergency Systems Having a Storage Battery or a Diesel Engine or Gas Turbine Driven Generator as the Sole Emergency Power Source § 112.35-3 Normal source...

46 CFR 112.35-3 - Normal source for emergency loads.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

....35-3 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Manually Controlled Emergency Systems Having a Storage Battery or a Diesel Engine or Gas Turbine Driven Generator as the Sole Emergency Power Source § 112.35-3 Normal source...

46 CFR 112.35-3 - Normal source for emergency loads.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

....35-3 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Manually Controlled Emergency Systems Having a Storage Battery or a Diesel Engine or Gas Turbine Driven Generator as the Sole Emergency Power Source § 112.35-3 Normal source...

46 CFR 112.35-3 - Normal source for emergency loads.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

....35-3 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Manually Controlled Emergency Systems Having a Storage Battery or a Diesel Engine or Gas Turbine Driven Generator as the Sole Emergency Power Source § 112.35-3 Normal source...

[Interdisciplinary consensus statement on alternative airway management with supraglottic airway devices in pediatric emergency medicine: Laryngeal mask is state of the art].

PubMed

Keil, J; Jung, P; Schiele, A; Urban, B; Parsch, A; Matsche, B; Eich, C; Becke, K; Landsleitner, B; Russo, S G; Bernhard, M; Nicolai, T; Hoffmann, F

2016-01-01

Airway management with supraglottic airway devices (SGA) in life-threatening emergencies involving children is becoming increasingly more important. The laryngeal mask (LM) and the laryngeal tube (LT) are devices commonly used for this purpose. This article presents a literature review and consensus statement by various societies on the use of SGA in pediatric emergency medicine. Literature search in the database PubMed and classification of studies according to the criteria of the Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine levels of evidence. The evidence for successful application of the various types of LM is significantly higher than for LT application. Reports of smaller series of successful applications of LT are currently limited to selected research groups and centers. Insufficient evidence currently exists for the successful application of the LT especially for children below 10 kg body weight and, therefore, its routine use cannot currently be recommended. SGAs used for emergencies should have a possibility for gastric drainage. Considering the scientific data and the large clinical experience with the LM in medical routine and emergency situations in children, currently only the LM can be recommended for alternative (i.e. non-intubation) airway management in children. If alternative airway management is part of a local emergency strategy, the LM should be provided in all pediatric sizes (1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4 and 5) for prehospital and in-hospital emergency use and all users should be regularly trained in its application.

The apelinergic system as an alternative to catecholamines in low-output septic shock.

PubMed

Coquerel, David; Sainsily, Xavier; Dumont, Lauralyne; Sarret, Philippe; Marsault, Éric; Auger-Messier, Mannix; Lesur, Olivier

2018-01-19

Catecholamines, in concert with fluid resuscitation, have long been recommended in the management of septic shock. However, not all patients respond positively and controversy surrounding the efficacy-to-safety profile of catecholamines has emerged, trending toward decatecholaminization. Contextually, it is time to re-examine the "maintaining blood pressure" paradigm by identifying safer and life-saving alternatives. We put in perspective the emerging and growing knowledge on a promising alternative avenue: the apelinergic system. This target exhibits invaluable pleiotropic properties, including inodilator activity, cardio-renal protection, and control of fluid homeostasis. Taken together, its effects are expected to be greatly beneficial for patients in septic shock.

40 CFR 63.649 - Alternative means of emission limitation: Connectors in gas/vapor service and light liquid service.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... limitation: Connectors in gas/vapor service and light liquid service. 63.649 Section 63.649 Protection of...: Connectors in gas/vapor service and light liquid service. (a) If an owner or operator elects to monitor... gas/vapor service and for connectors in light liquid service. The data for the two groups of...

40 CFR 63.649 - Alternative means of emission limitation: Connectors in gas/vapor service and light liquid service.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... limitation: Connectors in gas/vapor service and light liquid service. 63.649 Section 63.649 Protection of...: Connectors in gas/vapor service and light liquid service. (a) If an owner or operator elects to monitor... gas/vapor service and for connectors in light liquid service. The data for the two groups of...

40 CFR 63.649 - Alternative means of emission limitation: Connectors in gas/vapor service and light liquid service.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... limitation: Connectors in gas/vapor service and light liquid service. 63.649 Section 63.649 Protection of...: Connectors in gas/vapor service and light liquid service. (a) If an owner or operator elects to monitor... gas/vapor service and for connectors in light liquid service. The data for the two groups of...

40 CFR 63.649 - Alternative means of emission limitation: Connectors in gas/vapor service and light liquid service.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... limitation: Connectors in gas/vapor service and light liquid service. 63.649 Section 63.649 Protection of...: Connectors in gas/vapor service and light liquid service. (a) If an owner or operator elects to monitor... gas/vapor service and for connectors in light liquid service. The data for the two groups of...

40 CFR 63.649 - Alternative means of emission limitation: Connectors in gas/vapor service and light liquid service.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... limitation: Connectors in gas/vapor service and light liquid service. 63.649 Section 63.649 Protection of...: Connectors in gas/vapor service and light liquid service. (a) If an owner or operator elects to monitor... gas/vapor service and for connectors in light liquid service. The data for the two groups of...

Influence of alternative silvicultural treatments on spatial variability in light in central hardwood stands on the Cumberland Plateau

Treesearch

Stephen F. Grayson; David S. Buckley; Jason G. Henning; Callie J. Schweitzer; Stacy L. Clark

2011-01-01

Effective oak silvicultural treatments allow light to reach the forest floor with sufficient intensity and duration to enable establishment, growth, and development of preferred species. Although it is intuitive that increases in light will accompany various levels of canopy removal, specific amounts and the distribution of light resulting from different silvicultural...

Advanced network planning for bus rapid transit : the "Quickway" model as a modal alternative to "Light Rail Lite"

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2008-02-01

Transit planning in the United States has tended toward viewing BRT as an analogue to light rail transit, with similar operating patterns. This model, referred to as Light Rail Lite, is compared to international best practices, which have often...

Optics. Observation of optical polarization Möbius strips.

PubMed

Bauer, Thomas; Banzer, Peter; Karimi, Ebrahim; Orlov, Sergej; Rubano, Andrea; Marrucci, Lorenzo; Santamato, Enrico; Boyd, Robert W; Leuchs, Gerd

2015-02-27

Möbius strips are three-dimensional geometrical structures, fascinating for their peculiar property of being surfaces with only one "side"—or, more technically, being "nonorientable" surfaces. Despite being easily realized artificially, the spontaneous emergence of these structures in nature is exceedingly rare. Here, we generate Möbius strips of optical polarization by tightly focusing the light beam emerging from a q-plate, a liquid crystal device that modifies the polarization of light in a space-variant manner. Using a recently developed method for the three-dimensional nanotomography of optical vector fields, we fully reconstruct the light polarization structure in the focal region, confirming the appearance of Möbius polarization structures. The preparation of such structured light modes may be important for complex light beam engineering and optical micro- and nanofabrication. Copyright © 2015, American Association for the Advancement of Science.

Just allocation and team loyalty: a new virtue ethic for emergency medicine

PubMed Central

Girod, J; Beckman, A

2005-01-01

When traditional virtue ethics is applied to clinical medicine, it often claims as its goal the good of the individual patient, and focuses on the dyadic relationship between one physician and one patient. An alternative model of virtue ethics, more appropriate to the practice of emergency medicine, will be outlined by this paper. This alternative model is based on the assumption that the appropriate goal of the practice of emergency medicine is a team approach to the medical wellbeing of individual patients, constrained by the wellbeing of the patient population served by a particular emergency department. By defining boundaries and using the key virtues of justice and team loyalty, this model fits emergency practice well and gives care givers the conceptual clarity to apply this model to various conflicts both within the department and with those outside the department. PMID:16199595

Light-Front Hamiltonian Approach to the Bound-State Problem in Quantum Electrodynamics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jones, Billy D.

1997-10-01

Why is the study of the Lamb shift in hydrogen, which at the level of detail found in this paper was largely completed by Bethe in 1947, of any real interest today? While completing such a calculation using new techniques may be very interesting for formal and academic reasons, our primary motivation is to lay groundwork for precision bound-state calculations in QCD. The Lamb shift provides an excellent pedagogical tool for illustrating light-front Hamiltonian techniques, which are not widely known; but more importantly it presents three of the central dynamical and computational problems that we must face to make these techniques useful for solving QCD: How does a constituent picture emerge in a gauge field theory? How do bound-state energy scales emerge non-perturbatively? How does rotational symmetry emerge in a non-perturbative light-front calculation?

The North American light rail experience : insights for Hamilton.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-04-01

This report provides a high level overview of the North American Light Rail Experience with the goal of : providing insights for Hamilton, Ontario. Light rail transit (LRT) is a term that emerged at the : Transportation Research Boards first confe...

Interface Control Document for the Traffic Lights and Emergency Communications System at Gretna and Governor Nicholls Traffic Light Facilities

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1997-11-06

Gretna and Governor Nicholls Light facilities are two manned shore side : facilities mounted in critical areas on the banks of the Mississippi River in : the port of New Orleans, Louisiana. Coast Guard plans call for the lights to : be remotely contr...

Graded bandgap perovskite solar cells.

PubMed

Ergen, Onur; Gilbert, S Matt; Pham, Thang; Turner, Sally J; Tan, Mark Tian Zhi; Worsley, Marcus A; Zettl, Alex

2017-05-01

Organic-inorganic halide perovskite materials have emerged as attractive alternatives to conventional solar cell building blocks. Their high light absorption coefficients and long diffusion lengths suggest high power conversion efficiencies, and indeed perovskite-based single bandgap and tandem solar cell designs have yielded impressive performances. One approach to further enhance solar spectrum utilization is the graded bandgap, but this has not been previously achieved for perovskites. In this study, we demonstrate graded bandgap perovskite solar cells with steady-state conversion efficiencies averaging 18.4%, with a best of 21.7%, all without reflective coatings. An analysis of the experimental data yields high fill factors of ∼75% and high short-circuit current densities up to 42.1 mA cm -2 . The cells are based on an architecture of two perovskite layers (CH 3 NH 3 SnI 3 and CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3-x Br x ), incorporating GaN, monolayer hexagonal boron nitride, and graphene aerogel.

Advances in bone surgery: the Er:YAG laser in oral surgery and implant dentistry

PubMed Central

Stübinger, Stefan

2010-01-01

The erbium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Er:YAG) laser has emerged as a possible alternative to conventional methods of bone ablation because of its wavelength of 2.94 μm, which coincides with the absorption peak of water. Over the last decades in several experimental and clinical studies, the widespread initial assumption that light amplification for stimulated emission of radiation (laser) osteotomy inevitably provokes profound tissue damage and delayed wound healing has been refuted. In addition, the supposed disadvantage of prolonged osteotomy times could be overcome by modern short-pulsed Er:YAG laser systems. Currently, the limiting factors for a routine application of lasers for bone ablation are mainly technical drawbacks such as missing depth control and a difficult and safe guidance of the laser beam. This article gives a short overview of the development process and current possibilities of noncontact Er:YAG laser osteotomy in oral and implant surgery. PMID:23662082

Ultrafast optical switching of infrared plasmon polaritons in high-mobility graphene

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ni, G. X.; Wang, L.; Goldflam, M. D.; Wagner, M.; Fei, Z.; McLeod, A. S.; Liu, M. K.; Keilmann, F.; Özyilmaz, B.; Castro Neto, A. H.; Hone, J.; Fogler, M. M.; Basov, D. N.

2016-04-01

The success of metal-based plasmonics for manipulating light at the nanoscale has been empowered by imaginative designs and advanced nano-fabrication. However, the fundamental optical and electronic properties of elemental metals, the prevailing plasmonic media, are difficult to alter using external stimuli. This limitation is particularly restrictive in applications that require modification of the plasmonic response at sub-picosecond timescales. This handicap has prompted the search for alternative plasmonic media, with graphene emerging as one of the most capable candidates for infrared wavelengths. Here we visualize and elucidate the properties of non-equilibrium photo-induced plasmons in a high-mobility graphene monolayer. We activate plasmons with femtosecond optical pulses in a specimen of graphene that otherwise lacks infrared plasmonic response at equilibrium. In combination with static nano-imaging results on plasmon propagation, our infrared pump-probe nano-spectroscopy investigation reveals new aspects of carrier relaxation in heterostructures based on high-purity graphene.