Sample records for emission limits work

  1. 40 CFR 63.7500 - What emission limits, work practice standards, and operating limits must I meet?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Industrial, Commercial, and Institutional Boilers and Process Heaters Emission Limits and Work Practice... emission limit and work practice standard in Table 1 to this subpart that applies to your boiler or process... 40 Protection of Environment 13 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What emission limits, work practice...

  2. 40 CFR 63.9814 - What reports must I submit and when?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... any emission limitations (emission limit, operating limit, or work practice standard) that apply to... limitations during the reporting period. (6) If there were no periods during which any affected CPMS was out... deviation from an emission limitation (emission limit, operating limit, or work practice standard) that...

  3. 40 CFR 63.2378 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emission limitations, operating limits, and...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... compliance with the emission limitations, operating limits, and work practice standards? 63.2378 Section 63... limits, and work practice standards? (a) You must demonstrate continuous compliance with each emission limitation, operating limit, and work practice standard in Tables 2 through 4 to this subpart that applies to...

  4. 40 CFR 63.1455 - What reports must I submit and when?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... from any emission limitations (emission limit, operating limit, opacity limit) that applies to you and... that there were no deviations from the emission limitations, work practice standards, or operation and... deviation from an emission limitation (emission limit, operating limit, opacity limit) and for each...

  5. 40 CFR 63.2342 - When do I have to comply with this subpart?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... work practice standards for each such emission source based on the schedule found in paragraph (b) of..., operating limits, and work practice standards in this subpart for each such emission source based on the... with the emission limitations, operating limits, and work practice standards for new and reconstructed...

  6. 40 CFR 63.2342 - When do I have to comply with this subpart?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... work practice standards for each such emission source based on the schedule found in paragraph (b) of..., operating limits, and work practice standards in this subpart for each such emission source based on the... with the emission limitations, operating limits, and work practice standards for new and reconstructed...

  7. 40 CFR 63.7910 - What emissions limitations and work practice standards must I meet for separators?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS... Pollutants: Site Remediation Separators § 63.7910 What emissions limitations and work practice standards must...

  8. 40 CFR 63.7915 - What emissions limitations and work practice standards must I meet for transfer systems?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS... Pollutants: Site Remediation Transfer Systems § 63.7915 What emissions limitations and work practice...

  9. 40 CFR 63.7910 - What emissions limitations and work practice standards must I meet for separators?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS... Pollutants: Site Remediation Separators § 63.7910 What emissions limitations and work practice standards must...

  10. 40 CFR 63.7905 - What emissions limitations or work practice standards must I meet for surface impoundments?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS... Pollutants: Site Remediation Surface Impoundments § 63.7905 What emissions limitations or work practice...

  11. 40 CFR 63.7905 - What emissions limitations or work practice standards must I meet for surface impoundments?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS... Pollutants: Site Remediation Surface Impoundments § 63.7905 What emissions limitations or work practice...

  12. 40 CFR 63.7915 - What emissions limitations and work practice standards must I meet for transfer systems?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS... Pollutants: Site Remediation Transfer Systems § 63.7915 What emissions limitations and work practice...

  13. 40 CFR 63.7910 - What emissions limitations and work practice standards must I meet for separators?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS... Pollutants: Site Remediation Separators § 63.7910 What emissions limitations and work practice standards must...

  14. 40 CFR 63.7915 - What emissions limitations and work practice standards must I meet for transfer systems?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS... Pollutants: Site Remediation Transfer Systems § 63.7915 What emissions limitations and work practice...

  15. 40 CFR 63.7910 - What emissions limitations and work practice standards must I meet for separators?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS... Pollutants: Site Remediation Separators § 63.7910 What emissions limitations and work practice standards must...

  16. 40 CFR 63.7905 - What emissions limitations or work practice standards must I meet for surface impoundments?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS... Pollutants: Site Remediation Surface Impoundments § 63.7905 What emissions limitations or work practice...

  17. 40 CFR 63.7915 - What emissions limitations and work practice standards must I meet for transfer systems?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS... Pollutants: Site Remediation Transfer Systems § 63.7915 What emissions limitations and work practice...

  18. 40 CFR 63.7905 - What emissions limitations or work practice standards must I meet for surface impoundments?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS... Pollutants: Site Remediation Surface Impoundments § 63.7905 What emissions limitations or work practice...

  19. 40 CFR 63.7915 - What emissions limitations and work practice standards must I meet for transfer systems?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS... Pollutants: Site Remediation Transfer Systems § 63.7915 What emissions limitations and work practice...

  20. 40 CFR 63.7905 - What emissions limitations or work practice standards must I meet for surface impoundments?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS... Pollutants: Site Remediation Surface Impoundments § 63.7905 What emissions limitations or work practice...

  1. 40 CFR 63.7910 - What emissions limitations and work practice standards must I meet for separators?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS... Pollutants: Site Remediation Separators § 63.7910 What emissions limitations and work practice standards must...

  2. 40 CFR 63.7505 - What are my general requirements for complying with this subpart?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... emission limits (including operating limits) and the work practice standards in this subpart at all times... you have an applicable emission limit or work practice standard, you must develop a written startup... AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR...

  3. 40 CFR 63.7920 - What emissions limitations and work practice standards must I meet for equipment leaks?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS... Pollutants: Site Remediation Equipment Leaks § 63.7920 What emissions limitations and work practice standards...

  4. 40 CFR 63.7920 - What emissions limitations and work practice standards must I meet for equipment leaks?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS... Pollutants: Site Remediation Equipment Leaks § 63.7920 What emissions limitations and work practice standards...

  5. 40 CFR 63.7920 - What emissions limitations and work practice standards must I meet for equipment leaks?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS... Pollutants: Site Remediation Equipment Leaks § 63.7920 What emissions limitations and work practice standards...

  6. 40 CFR 63.7890 - What emissions limitations and work practice standards must I meet for process vents?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS... Pollutants: Site Remediation Process Vents § 63.7890 What emissions limitations and work practice standards...

  7. 40 CFR 63.7890 - What emissions limitations and work practice standards must I meet for process vents?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS... Pollutants: Site Remediation Process Vents § 63.7890 What emissions limitations and work practice standards...

  8. 40 CFR 63.7890 - What emissions limitations and work practice standards must I meet for process vents?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS... Pollutants: Site Remediation Process Vents § 63.7890 What emissions limitations and work practice standards...

  9. 40 CFR 63.7920 - What emissions limitations and work practice standards must I meet for equipment leaks?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS... Pollutants: Site Remediation Equipment Leaks § 63.7920 What emissions limitations and work practice standards...

  10. 40 CFR 63.7890 - What emissions limitations and work practice standards must I meet for process vents?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS... Pollutants: Site Remediation Process Vents § 63.7890 What emissions limitations and work practice standards...

  11. 40 CFR 63.7920 - What emissions limitations and work practice standards must I meet for equipment leaks?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS... Pollutants: Site Remediation Equipment Leaks § 63.7920 What emissions limitations and work practice standards...

  12. 40 CFR 63.1453 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emission limitations, work practice standards...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... compliance with the emission limitations, work practice standards, and operation and maintenance requirements... (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Primary Copper Smelting Continuous...

  13. 40 CFR 63.1453 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emission limitations, work practice standards...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... compliance with the emission limitations, work practice standards, and operation and maintenance requirements... (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Primary Copper Smelting...

  14. 40 CFR 63.7530 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limitations, fuel specifications and...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... compliance with the emission limitations, fuel specifications and work practice standards? 63.7530 Section 63... Institutional Boilers and Process Heaters Testing, Fuel Analyses, and Initial Compliance Requirements § 63.7530 How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limitations, fuel specifications and work...

  15. 40 CFR 63.7530 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limitations, fuel specifications and...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... compliance with the emission limitations, fuel specifications and work practice standards? 63.7530 Section 63... Institutional Boilers and Process Heaters Testing, Fuel Analyses, and Initial Compliance Requirements § 63.7530 How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limitations, fuel specifications and work...

  16. 40 CFR 60.5402 - What are the alternative emission limitations for equipment leaks from onshore natural gas...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ..., Transmission and Distribution § 60.5402 What are the alternative emission limitations for equipment leaks from... emissions achieved under any design, equipment, work practice or operational standard, the Administrator... to the reduction in VOC emissions achieved under the design, equipment, work practice or operational...

  17. 40 CFR 60.5402 - What are the alternative emission limitations for equipment leaks from onshore natural gas...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ..., Transmission and Distribution § 60.5402 What are the alternative emission limitations for equipment leaks from... emissions achieved under any design, equipment, work practice or operational standard, the Administrator... to the reduction in VOC emissions achieved under the design, equipment, work practice or operational...

  18. 40 CFR 63.1451 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limitations, work practice standards...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... written operation and maintenance plan required under § 63.1447(b) detailed descriptions of the procedures... with the emission limitations, work practice standards, and operation and maintenance requirements that... (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE...

  19. 40 CFR 63.1451 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limitations, work practice standards...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... written operation and maintenance plan required under § 63.1447(b) detailed descriptions of the procedures... with the emission limitations, work practice standards, and operation and maintenance requirements that... (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE...

  20. 40 CFR 63.1451 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limitations, work practice standards...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... written operation and maintenance plan required under § 63.1447(b) detailed descriptions of the procedures... with the emission limitations, work practice standards, and operation and maintenance requirements that... (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE...

  1. 40 CFR 63.1451 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limitations, work practice standards...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... written operation and maintenance plan required under § 63.1447(b) detailed descriptions of the procedures... compliance with the emission limitations, work practice standards, and operation and maintenance requirements... (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE...

  2. 40 CFR 63.1451 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limitations, work practice standards...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... written operation and maintenance plan required under § 63.1447(b) detailed descriptions of the procedures... compliance with the emission limitations, work practice standards, and operation and maintenance requirements... (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE...

  3. 40 CFR 63.7184 - What emission limitations, operating limits, and work practice standards must I meet?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Pollutants for Semiconductor Manufacturing Emission Standards § 63.7184 What emission limitations, operating... this section on and after the compliance dates specified in § 63.7183. (b) Process vents—organic HAP emissions. For each organic HAP process vent, other than process vents from storage tanks, you must limit...

  4. 40 CFR 63.7184 - What emission limitations, operating limits, and work practice standards must I meet?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Pollutants for Semiconductor Manufacturing Emission Standards § 63.7184 What emission limitations, operating... this section on and after the compliance dates specified in § 63.7183. (b) Process vents—organic HAP emissions. For each organic HAP process vent, other than process vents from storage tanks, you must limit...

  5. 40 CFR 63.7751 - What reports must I submit and when?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... deviations from any emissions limitations (including operating limit), work practice standards, or operation and maintenance requirements, a statement that there were no deviations from the emissions limitations...-of-control during the reporting period. (7) For each deviation from an emissions limitation...

  6. 40 CFR 63.7900 - What emissions limitations and work practice standards must I meet for containers?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS... Pollutants: Site Remediation Containers § 63.7900 What emissions limitations and work practice standards must... your container except at the times the container is used for treatment of remediation material by a...

  7. 40 CFR 63.7900 - What emissions limitations and work practice standards must I meet for containers?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS... Pollutants: Site Remediation Containers § 63.7900 What emissions limitations and work practice standards must... your container except at the times the container is used for treatment of remediation material by a...

  8. 40 CFR 63.7900 - What emissions limitations and work practice standards must I meet for containers?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS... Pollutants: Site Remediation Containers § 63.7900 What emissions limitations and work practice standards must... your container except at the times the container is used for treatment of remediation material by a...

  9. 40 CFR 63.7900 - What emissions limitations and work practice standards must I meet for containers?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS... Pollutants: Site Remediation Containers § 63.7900 What emissions limitations and work practice standards must... your container except at the times the container is used for treatment of remediation material by a...

  10. 40 CFR 63.4151 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limitations?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants... applicable emission limit in § 63.4090 but not the operating limits or work practice standards in §§ 63.4092...

  11. 40 CFR 63.7296 - What emission limitations must I meet for battery stacks?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... for battery stacks? 63.7296 Section 63.7296 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY..., Quenching, and Battery Stacks Emission Limitations and Work Practice Standards § 63.7296 What emission limitations must I meet for battery stacks? You must not discharge to the atmosphere any emissions from any...

  12. 40 CFR 63.7296 - What emission limitations must I meet for battery stacks?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... for battery stacks? 63.7296 Section 63.7296 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY..., Quenching, and Battery Stacks Emission Limitations and Work Practice Standards § 63.7296 What emission limitations must I meet for battery stacks? You must not discharge to the atmosphere any emissions from any...

  13. 40 CFR 63.7296 - What emission limitations must I meet for battery stacks?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... for battery stacks? 63.7296 Section 63.7296 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY..., Quenching, and Battery Stacks Emission Limitations and Work Practice Standards § 63.7296 What emission limitations must I meet for battery stacks? You must not discharge to the atmosphere any emissions from any...

  14. 40 CFR 63.7296 - What emission limitations must I meet for battery stacks?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... for battery stacks? 63.7296 Section 63.7296 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY..., Quenching, and Battery Stacks Emission Limitations and Work Practice Standards § 63.7296 What emission limitations must I meet for battery stacks? You must not discharge to the atmosphere any emissions from any...

  15. 40 CFR 63.7296 - What emission limitations must I meet for battery stacks?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... for battery stacks? 63.7296 Section 63.7296 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY..., Quenching, and Battery Stacks Emission Limitations and Work Practice Standards § 63.7296 What emission limitations must I meet for battery stacks? You must not discharge to the atmosphere any emissions from any...

  16. 40 CFR 63.4151 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limitations?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Surface Coating of... applicable emission limit in § 63.4090 but not the operating limits or work practice standards in §§ 63.4092...

  17. 40 CFR Table 5 to Subpart Nnnnn of... - Continuous Compliance With Emission Limitations and Work Practice Standards

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 14 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Continuous Compliance With Emission Limitations and Work Practice Standards 5 Table 5 to Subpart NNNNN of Part 63 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES...

  18. 40 CFR Table 5 to Subpart Nnnnn of... - Continuous Compliance With Emission Limitations and Work Practice Standards

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 14 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Continuous Compliance With Emission Limitations and Work Practice Standards 5 Table 5 to Subpart NNNNN of Part 63 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES...

  19. 40 CFR Table 5 to Subpart Hhhhh of... - Emission Limits and Work Practice Standards for Transfer Operations

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 13 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Emission Limits and Work Practice Standards for Transfer Operations 5 Table 5 to Subpart HHHHH of Part 63 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES ...

  20. 40 CFR Table 5 to Subpart Nnnnn of... - Continuous Compliance With Emission Limitations and Work Practice Standards

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 15 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Continuous Compliance With Emission Limitations and Work Practice Standards 5 Table 5 to Subpart NNNNN of Part 63 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES...

  1. 40 CFR Table 5 to Subpart Hhhhh of... - Emission Limits and Work Practice Standards for Transfer Operations

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 14 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Emission Limits and Work Practice Standards for Transfer Operations 5 Table 5 to Subpart HHHHH of Part 63 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES ...

  2. 40 CFR Table 5 to Subpart Nnnnn of... - Continuous Compliance With Emission Limitations and Work Practice Standards

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 15 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Continuous Compliance With Emission Limitations and Work Practice Standards 5 Table 5 to Subpart NNNNN of Part 63 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES...

  3. 40 CFR Table 5 to Subpart Nnnnn of... - Continuous Compliance With Emission Limitations and Work Practice Standards

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 15 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Continuous Compliance With Emission Limitations and Work Practice Standards 5 Table 5 to Subpart NNNNN of Part 63 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES...

  4. 40 CFR 63.7951 - What reports must I submit and when?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... the information in § 63.10(d)(5)(i). (5) If there were no deviations from any emissions limitations... that there were no deviations from the emissions limitations, work practice standards, or operation and...) For each deviation from an emissions limitation (including an operating limit) that occurs at an...

  5. 40 CFR Table 5 to Subpart Ffff of... - Emission Limits and Work Practice Standards for Transfer Racks

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 13 2013-07-01 2012-07-01 true Emission Limits and Work Practice Standards for Transfer Racks 5 Table 5 to Subpart FFFF of Part 63 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES (CONTINUED)...

  6. 40 CFR 63.9991 - What emission limitations, work practice standards, and operating limits must I meet?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... Pollutants: Coal- and Oil-Fired Electric Utility Steam Generating Units Emission Limitations and Work... this subpart only if your EGU: (1) Has a system using wet or dry flue gas desulfurization technology... operate the wet or dry flue gas desulfurization technology installed on the unit consistent with § 63...

  7. 40 CFR 63.9991 - What emission limitations, work practice standards, and operating limits must I meet?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... Pollutants: Coal- and Oil-Fired Electric Utility Steam Generating Units Emission Limitations and Work... this subpart only if your EGU: (1) Has a system using wet or dry flue gas desulfurization technology... operate the wet or dry flue gas desulfurization technology installed on the unit consistent with § 63...

  8. 40 CFR 63.9991 - What emission limitations, work practice standards, and operating limits must I meet?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... Pollutants: Coal- and Oil-Fired Electric Utility Steam Generating Units Emission Limitations and Work... this subpart only if your EGU: (1) Has a system using wet or dry flue gas desulfurization technology... operate the wet or dry flue gas desulfurization technology installed on the unit consistent with § 63...

  9. 40 CFR 63.9641 - What reports must I submit and when?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... provide a statement that there were no deviations from the emission limitations, work practice standards... system was out-of-control during the reporting period. (7) For each deviation from an emission limitation... monitoring system (including a CPMS or COMS) to comply with an emission limitation in this subpart, the...

  10. 40 CFR 63.9931 - What reports must I submit and when?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... emission limitations, work practice standards, or operation and maintenance requirements during the... reporting period. (7) For each deviation from an emission limitation in § 63.9890 that occurs at an affected source where you are not using a CPMS to comply with an emission limitation in this subpart, the...

  11. 40 CFR 63.4951 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limitations?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Surface Coating of... limit in § 63.4890, but is not required to meet the operating limits or work practice standards in §§ 63...

  12. 40 CFR 63.4951 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limitations?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants... limit in § 63.4890, but is not required to meet the operating limits or work practice standards in §§ 63...

  13. 40 CFR 63.4951 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limitations?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants... limit in § 63.4890, but is not required to meet the operating limits or work practice standards in §§ 63...

  14. 40 CFR 63.4951 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limitations?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants... limit in § 63.4890, but is not required to meet the operating limits or work practice standards in §§ 63...

  15. 40 CFR 63.1565 - What are my requirements for organic HAP emissions from catalytic cracking units?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... operate at all times according to the procedures in the plan. (4) The emission limitations and operating... compliance with the emission limitations and work practice standards? You must: (1) Install, operate, and... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS...

  16. 40 CFR 63.5515 - What are my general requirements for complying with this subpart?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Cellulose Products... subpart? (a) You must be in compliance with the emission limits, operating limits, and work practice...

  17. 40 CFR 63.7895 - What emissions limitations and work practice standards must I meet for tanks?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... practice standards must I meet for tanks? 63.7895 Section 63.7895 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... Remediation Tanks § 63.7895 What emissions limitations and work practice standards must I meet for tanks? (a... vapor pressure (expressed in kilopascals (kPa)) of the remediation material placed in your tank using...

  18. 40 CFR 63.7895 - What emissions limitations and work practice standards must I meet for tanks?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... practice standards must I meet for tanks? 63.7895 Section 63.7895 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... Remediation Tanks § 63.7895 What emissions limitations and work practice standards must I meet for tanks? (a... vapor pressure (expressed in kilopascals (kPa)) of the remediation material placed in your tank using...

  19. 40 CFR 63.7895 - What emissions limitations and work practice standards must I meet for tanks?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... practice standards must I meet for tanks? 63.7895 Section 63.7895 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... Remediation Tanks § 63.7895 What emissions limitations and work practice standards must I meet for tanks? (a... vapor pressure (expressed in kilopascals (kPa)) of the remediation material placed in your tank using...

  20. 40 CFR 63.7895 - What emissions limitations and work practice standards must I meet for tanks?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... practice standards must I meet for tanks? 63.7895 Section 63.7895 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... Remediation Tanks § 63.7895 What emissions limitations and work practice standards must I meet for tanks? (a... vapor pressure (expressed in kilopascals (kPa)) of the remediation material placed in your tank using...

  1. 40 CFR Table 4 to Subpart Hhhhh of... - Emission Limits and Work Practice Standards for Wastewater Streams

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Standards for Wastewater Streams 4 Table 4 to Subpart HHHHH of Part 63 Protection of Environment... Part 63—Emission Limits and Work Practice Standards for Wastewater Streams As required in § 63.8020... your wastewater streams. For each . . . You must . . . 1. Wastewater tank used to store a Group 1...

  2. 40 CFR Table 4 to Subpart Hhhhh of... - Emission Limits and Work Practice Standards for Wastewater Streams

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Standards for Wastewater Streams 4 Table 4 to Subpart HHHHH of Part 63 Protection of Environment... Part 63—Emission Limits and Work Practice Standards for Wastewater Streams As required in § 63.8020... your wastewater streams. For each . . . You must . . . 1. Wastewater tank used to store a Group 1...

  3. 40 CFR Table 4 to Subpart Hhhhh of... - Emission Limits and Work Practice Standards for Wastewater Streams

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... Standards for Wastewater Streams 4 Table 4 to Subpart HHHHH of Part 63 Protection of Environment... Part 63—Emission Limits and Work Practice Standards for Wastewater Streams As required in § 63.8020... your wastewater streams. For each . . . You must . . . 1. Wastewater tank used to store a Group 1...

  4. 40 CFR Table 4 to Subpart Hhhhh of... - Emission Limits and Work Practice Standards for Wastewater Streams

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... Standards for Wastewater Streams 4 Table 4 to Subpart HHHHH of Part 63 Protection of Environment... Part 63—Emission Limits and Work Practice Standards for Wastewater Streams As required in § 63.8020... your wastewater streams. For each . . . You must . . . 1. Wastewater tank used to store a Group 1...

  5. 40 CFR Table 4 to Subpart Hhhhh of... - Emission Limits and Work Practice Standards for Wastewater Streams

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... Standards for Wastewater Streams 4 Table 4 to Subpart HHHHH of Part 63 Protection of Environment... Part 63—Emission Limits and Work Practice Standards for Wastewater Streams As required in § 63.8020... your wastewater streams. For each . . . You must . . . 1. Wastewater tank used to store a Group 1...

  6. 40 CFR 63.7900 - What emissions limitations and work practice standards must I meet for containers?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Pollutants: Site Remediation Containers § 63.7900 What emissions limitations and work practice standards must... your container except at the times the container is used for treatment of remediation material by a... either of the conditions in paragraphs (b)(3)(i) or (ii) apply to the remediation material placed in your...

  7. 40 CFR 63.7895 - What emissions limitations and work practice standards must I meet for tanks?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Remediation Tanks § 63.7895 What emissions limitations and work practice standards must I meet for tanks? (a... vapor pressure (expressed in kilopascals (kPa)) of the remediation material placed in your tank using the procedures specified in § 63.7944. (2) If the maximum HAP vapor pressure of the remediation...

  8. 40 CFR 63.4941 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limitations?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Surface Coating of... material option is not required to comply with the operating limits or work practice standards required in...

  9. 40 CFR 63.4541 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limitations?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for... required to meet the operating limits or work practice standards required in §§ 63.4492 and 63.4493...

  10. 40 CFR 63.4141 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limitations?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants... option is not required to meet the operating limits or work practice standards required in §§ 63.4092 and...

  11. 40 CFR 63.4541 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limitations?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Surface Coating... required to meet the operating limits or work practice standards required in §§ 63.4492 and 63.4493...

  12. 40 CFR 63.4741 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limitations?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants... operating limits or work practice standards required in §§ 63.4692 and 63.4693, respectively. To demonstrate...

  13. 40 CFR 63.3521 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limitations?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Surface Coating of... compliant material option is not required to meet the operating limits or work practice standards required...

  14. 40 CFR 63.4551 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limitations?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for... required to meet the operating limits or work practice standards in §§ 63.4492 and 63.4493, respectively...

  15. 40 CFR 63.4141 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limitations?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Surface Coating of... to meet the operating limits or work practice standards required in §§ 63.4092 and 63.4093...

  16. 40 CFR 63.4551 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limitations?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Surface Coating... limits or work practice standards in §§ 63.4492 and 63.4493, respectively. You must conduct a separate...

  17. 40 CFR 63.7341 - What reports must I submit and when?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    .... Each quarterly report must provide information on compliance with the emission limitations for battery... compliance report must provide information on compliance with the emission limitations, work practice... limitations during the reporting period. If there were no deviations from the continuous compliance...

  18. 40 CFR 63.8236 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limitations and work practice standards?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Hazardous Air Pollutants: Mercury Emissions From Mercury Cell Chlor-Alkali Plants Initial Compliance... standards? (a) For each mercury cell chlor-alkali production facility, you have demonstrated initial compliance with the applicable emission limit for by-product hydrogen streams and end box ventilation system...

  19. 40 CFR 63.8236 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limitations and work practice standards?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... Hazardous Air Pollutants: Mercury Emissions From Mercury Cell Chlor-Alkali Plants Initial Compliance... standards? (a) For each mercury cell chlor-alkali production facility, you have demonstrated initial compliance with the applicable emission limit for by-product hydrogen streams and end box ventilation system...

  20. 40 CFR 63.8236 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limitations and work practice standards?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... Hazardous Air Pollutants: Mercury Emissions From Mercury Cell Chlor-Alkali Plants Initial Compliance... standards? (a) For each mercury cell chlor-alkali production facility, you have demonstrated initial compliance with the applicable emission limit for by-product hydrogen streams and end box ventilation system...

  1. 40 CFR 63.8236 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limitations and work practice standards?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... Hazardous Air Pollutants: Mercury Emissions From Mercury Cell Chlor-Alkali Plants Initial Compliance... standards? (a) For each mercury cell chlor-alkali production facility, you have demonstrated initial compliance with the applicable emission limit for by-product hydrogen streams and end box ventilation system...

  2. 40 CFR 63.3004 - What definitions apply to this subpart?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Requirements and Information § 63.3004 What definitions apply to this subpart? Terms used in this subpart are... application vacuum exhaust means the exhaust from the vacuum system used to remove excess resin solution from... binds the fibers. Emission limitation means an emission limit, operating limit, or work practice...

  3. 40 CFR 63.3004 - What definitions apply to this subpart?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Requirements and Information § 63.3004 What definitions apply to this subpart? Terms used in this subpart are... application vacuum exhaust means the exhaust from the vacuum system used to remove excess resin solution from... binds the fibers. Emission limitation means an emission limit, operating limit, or work practice...

  4. Identifying and characterizing major emission point sources as a basis for geospatial distribution of mercury emissions inventories

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Steenhuisen, Frits; Wilson, Simon J.

    2015-07-01

    Mercury is a global pollutant that poses threats to ecosystem and human health. Due to its global transport, mercury contamination is found in regions of the Earth that are remote from major emissions areas, including the Polar regions. Global anthropogenic emission inventories identify important sectors and industries responsible for emissions at a national level; however, to be useful for air transport modelling, more precise information on the locations of emission is required. This paper describes the methodology applied, and the results of work that was conducted to assign anthropogenic mercury emissions to point sources as part of geospatial mapping of the 2010 global anthropogenic mercury emissions inventory prepared by AMAP/UNEP. Major point-source emission sectors addressed in this work account for about 850 tonnes of the emissions included in the 2010 inventory. This work allocated more than 90% of these emissions to some 4600 identified point source locations, including significantly more point source locations in Africa, Asia, Australia and South America than had been identified during previous work to geospatially-distribute the 2005 global inventory. The results demonstrate the utility and the limitations of using existing, mainly public domain resources to accomplish this work. Assumptions necessary to make use of selected online resources are discussed, as are artefacts that can arise when these assumptions are applied to assign (national-sector) emissions estimates to point sources in various countries and regions. Notwithstanding the limitations of the available information, the value of this procedure over alternative methods commonly used to geo-spatially distribute emissions, such as use of 'proxy' datasets to represent emissions patterns, is illustrated. Improvements in information that would facilitate greater use of these methods in future work to assign emissions to point-sources are discussed. These include improvements to both national (geo-referenced) emission inventories and also to other resources that can be employed when such national inventories are lacking.

  5. 40 CFR 63.5555 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emission limits, operating limits, and work...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... startup, shutdown, and malfunction. These instances are deviations from the emission limits, operating... during a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction are not violations if you demonstrate to the... determine whether deviations that occur during a period you identify as a startup, shutdown, or malfunction...

  6. 40 CFR 63.5555 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emission limits, operating limits, and work...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... startup, shutdown, and malfunction. These instances are deviations from the emission limits, operating... during a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction are not violations if you demonstrate to the... determine whether deviations that occur during a period you identify as a startup, shutdown, or malfunction...

  7. 40 CFR Table 6 to Subpart Zzzz of... - Continuous Compliance With Emission Limitations, Operating Limitations, Work Practices, and...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... major source of HAP a. Reduce CO emissions and using an oxidation catalyst, and using a CPMS i... RICE >500 HP located at a major source of HAP a. Reduce CO emissions and not using an oxidation... and using oxidation catalyst or NSCR i. Conducting semiannual performance tests for formaldehyde to...

  8. 40 CFR Table 6 to Subpart Zzzz of... - Continuous Compliance With Emission Limitations, Operating Limitations, Work Practices, and...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... major source of HAP a. Reduce CO emissions and using an oxidation catalyst, and using a CPMS i... RICE >500 HP located at a major source of HAP a. Reduce CO emissions and not using an oxidation... and using oxidation catalyst or NSCR i. Conducting semiannual performance tests for formaldehyde to...

  9. Subpart W: National Emission Standards for Radon Emissions From Operating Mill Tailings

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Subpart W limits the radon-222 emissions rate from uranium tailings piles to 20 picocuries per square meter per second and requires that new tailings impoundments meet certain work practice standards.

  10. 40 CFR 63.7500 - What emission limitations, work practice standards, and operating limits must I meet?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... pounds per million Btu of steam output, in Tables 1 or 2 to this subpart are an alternative applicable only to boilers and process heaters that generate steam. The output-based emission limits, in units of..., monitoring results, review of operation and maintenance procedures, review of operation and maintenance...

  11. 40 CFR 63.7500 - What emission limitations, work practice standards, and operating limits must I meet?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... pounds per million Btu of steam output, in Tables 1 or 2 to this subpart are an alternative applicable only to boilers and process heaters that generate steam. The output-based emission limits, in units of..., monitoring results, review of operation and maintenance procedures, review of operation and maintenance...

  12. 40 CFR 63.1565 - What are my requirements for organic HAP emissions from catalytic cracking units?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... according to the procedures in the plan. (4) The emission limitations and operating limits for organic HAP... work practice standards? You must: (1) Install, operate, and maintain a continuous monitoring system... operating limit in Table 9 of this subpart that applies to you according to the procedures in Table 11 of...

  13. 40 CFR 63.1565 - What are my requirements for organic HAP emissions from catalytic cracking units?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... according to the procedures in the plan. (4) The emission limitations and operating limits for organic HAP... work practice standards? You must: (1) Install, operate, and maintain a continuous monitoring system... operating limit in Table 9 of this subpart that applies to you according to the procedures in Table 11 of...

  14. 40 CFR 63.5555 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emission limits, operating limits, and work...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction. These instances are deviations from the emission limits...), deviations that occur during a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction are not violations if you... Administrator will determine whether deviations that occur during a period you identify as a startup, shutdown...

  15. 40 CFR 63.5555 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emission limits, operating limits, and work...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction. These instances are deviations from the emission limits...), deviations that occur during a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction are not violations if you... Administrator will determine whether deviations that occur during a period you identify as a startup, shutdown...

  16. 40 CFR 63.5555 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emission limits, operating limits, and work...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction. These instances are deviations from the emission limits...), deviations that occur during a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction are not violations if you... Administrator will determine whether deviations that occur during a period you identify as a startup, shutdown...

  17. 40 CFR 63.7893 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emissions limitations and work practice...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ...(b)(2), you maintain emissions of TOC (minus methane and ethane) from all affected process vents at...), you maintain that the emissions of TOC (minus methane and ethane) from all affected process vents are...

  18. 40 CFR 63.1568 - What are my requirements for HAP emissions from sulfur recovery units?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 12 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true What are my requirements for HAP emissions from sulfur recovery units? 63.1568 Section 63.1568 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... requirements for HAP emissions from sulfur recovery units? (a) What emission limitations and work practice...

  19. 40 CFR 63.9000 - What emission limitations and work practice standards must I meet?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... of Hazardous Waste in Boilers and Industrial Furnaces. (d) The emission limits for HCl storage tanks in table 1 to this subpart do not apply during periods of planned routine maintenance of HCl storage tank control devices. Periods of planned routine maintenance of each HCl storage tank control device...

  20. 40 CFR 63.1578 - Who implements and enforces this subpart?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Petroleum Refineries: Catalytic Cracking Units.... (1) Approval of alternatives to the non-opacity emission limitations and work practice standards in...

  1. 40 CFR 63.7891 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emissions limitations and work practice...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... § 63.7890(b)(2), you demonstrate that emissions of TOC (minus methane and ethane) from all affected... elect to meet § 63.7890(b)(4), you demonstrate that the emissions of TOC (minus methane and ethane) from...

  2. 40 CFR 63.1567 - What are my requirements for inorganic HAP emissions from catalytic reforming units?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... ppmv. (iv) If you are required to use a colormetric tube sampling system to demonstrate continuous... limitations and work practice standards must I meet? You must: (1) Meet each emission limitation in Table 22 to this subpart that applies to you. If you operate a catalytic reforming unit in which different...

  3. Methane emissions from the global oil and gas supply chain: recent advances and next steps

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zavala Araiza, D.; Herndon, S. C.; Roscioli, J. R.; Yacovitch, T. I.; Knighton, W. B.; Johnson, M.; Tyner, D. R.; Hamburg, S.

    2017-12-01

    A wide body of research has characterized methane emissions from the oil and gas system in the US. In contrast, empirical data is limited for other significant oil and gas producing regions across the world. As a consequence, measuring and characterizing methane emissions across global oil and gas operations will be crucial to the design of effective mitigation strategies. Several countries have announced pledges to reduce methane emissions from this system (e.g., North America, Climate and Clean Air Coalition [CCAC] ministers). In the case of Canada, the federal government recently announced regulations supporting a 40-45% reduction of methane emissions from the oil and gas production systems. For these regulations to be effective, it is critical to understand the current methane emission patterns. We present results from a coordinated multiscale (i.e., airborne-based, ground-based) measurement campaign in Alberta, Canada. We use empirically derived emission estimates to characterize site-level emissions and derive an emissions distribution. Our work shows that many major sources of emissions are unmeasured or underreported. Consistent with previous studies in the US, a small fraction of sites disproportionately account for the majority of emissions: roughly 20% of sites accounted for 75% of emissions. An independent airborne-based regional estimate was 40% lower than the ground-based regional estimate, but not statistically different. Finally, we summarize next steps as part of the CCAC Oil and Gas Methane Study: ongoing work that is targeting oil and gas sectors/production regions with limited empirical data on methane emissions. This work builds on the approach deployed in quantifying methane emissions from the oil and gas supply chain in the US, underscoring the commitment to transparency of the collected data, external review, deployment of multiple methodologies, and publication of results in peer-reviewed journals.

  4. 40 CFR 63.7908 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emissions limitations and work practice...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... Section 63.7908 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS...) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Site Remediation Surface Impoundments § 63.7908...

  5. 40 CFR 63.7908 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emissions limitations and work practice...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Section 63.7908 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS...) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Site Remediation Surface Impoundments § 63.7908...

  6. 40 CFR 63.7908 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emissions limitations and work practice...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... Section 63.7908 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS...) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Site Remediation Surface Impoundments § 63.7908...

  7. 40 CFR 63.7908 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emissions limitations and work practice...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... Section 63.7908 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS...) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Site Remediation Surface Impoundments § 63.7908...

  8. 40 CFR 63.7908 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emissions limitations and work practice...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Section 63.7908 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS...) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Site Remediation Surface Impoundments § 63.7908...

  9. 40 CFR Table 1 to Subpart Uuuu of... - Emission Limits and Work Practice Standards

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... cellulosic sponge operation i. reduce total uncontrolled sulfide emissions (reported as carbon disulfide) by... process unit” mean “cellulose food casing, rayon, cellulosic sponge, cellophane, or cellulose ether...

  10. 40 CFR 63.7906 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emissions limitations or work practice standards...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Section 63.7906 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS...) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Site Remediation Surface Impoundments § 63.7906...

  11. 40 CFR 63.7906 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emissions limitations or work practice standards...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... Section 63.7906 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS...) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Site Remediation Surface Impoundments § 63.7906...

  12. 40 CFR 63.7906 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emissions limitations or work practice standards...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Section 63.7906 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS...) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Site Remediation Surface Impoundments § 63.7906...

  13. 40 CFR 63.7918 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emissions limitations and work practice...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 63.7918 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED... Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Site Remediation Transfer Systems § 63.7918 How do I...

  14. 40 CFR 63.7916 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emissions limitations and work practice...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 63.7916 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED... Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Site Remediation Transfer Systems § 63.7916 How do I...

  15. 40 CFR 63.7921 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emissions limitations and work practice...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ....7921 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED... Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Site Remediation Equipment Leaks § 63.7921 How do I...

  16. 40 CFR 63.7928 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emissions limitations and work practice...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... devices? 63.7928 Section 63.7928 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR... (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Site Remediation Closed Vent Systems...

  17. 40 CFR 63.7906 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emissions limitations or work practice standards...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... Section 63.7906 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS...) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Site Remediation Surface Impoundments § 63.7906...

  18. 40 CFR 63.7928 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emissions limitations and work practice...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... devices? 63.7928 Section 63.7928 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR... (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Site Remediation Closed Vent Systems...

  19. 40 CFR 63.7893 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emissions limitations and work practice...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ....7893 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED... Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Site Remediation Process Vents § 63.7893 How do I...

  20. 40 CFR 63.7921 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emissions limitations and work practice...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ....7921 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED... Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Site Remediation Equipment Leaks § 63.7921 How do I...

  1. 40 CFR 63.7916 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emissions limitations and work practice...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 63.7916 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED... Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Site Remediation Transfer Systems § 63.7916 How do I...

  2. 40 CFR 63.7926 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limitations and work practice standards...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... devices? 63.7926 Section 63.7926 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR... (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Site Remediation Closed Vent Systems...

  3. 40 CFR 63.7926 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limitations and work practice standards...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ...? 63.7926 Section 63.7926 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR... (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Site Remediation Closed Vent Systems...

  4. 40 CFR 63.7918 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emissions limitations and work practice...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 63.7918 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED... Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Site Remediation Transfer Systems § 63.7918 How do I...

  5. 40 CFR 63.7926 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limitations and work practice standards...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... devices? 63.7926 Section 63.7926 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR... (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Site Remediation Closed Vent Systems...

  6. 40 CFR 63.7918 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emissions limitations and work practice...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 63.7918 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED... Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Site Remediation Transfer Systems § 63.7918 How do I...

  7. 40 CFR 63.7921 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emissions limitations and work practice...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ....7921 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED... Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Site Remediation Equipment Leaks § 63.7921 How do I...

  8. 40 CFR 63.7918 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emissions limitations and work practice...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 63.7918 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED... Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Site Remediation Transfer Systems § 63.7918 How do I...

  9. 40 CFR 63.7891 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emissions limitations and work practice...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ....7891 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED... Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Site Remediation Process Vents § 63.7891 How do I...

  10. 40 CFR 63.7893 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emissions limitations and work practice...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ....7893 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED... Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Site Remediation Process Vents § 63.7893 How do I...

  11. 40 CFR 63.7928 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emissions limitations and work practice...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... devices? 63.7928 Section 63.7928 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR... (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Site Remediation Closed Vent Systems...

  12. 40 CFR 63.7916 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emissions limitations and work practice...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ....7916 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED... Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Site Remediation Transfer Systems § 63.7916 How do I...

  13. 40 CFR 63.7893 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emissions limitations and work practice...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ....7893 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED... Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Site Remediation Process Vents § 63.7893 How do I...

  14. 40 CFR 63.7906 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emissions limitations or work practice standards...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ....7906 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED... Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Site Remediation Surface Impoundments § 63.7906 How do I...

  15. 40 CFR 63.7891 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emissions limitations and work practice...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ....7891 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED... Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Site Remediation Process Vents § 63.7891 How do I...

  16. 40 CFR 63.7921 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emissions limitations and work practice...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ....7921 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED... Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Site Remediation Equipment Leaks § 63.7921 How do I...

  17. 40 CFR 63.7918 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emissions limitations and work practice...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 63.7918 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED... Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Site Remediation Transfer Systems § 63.7918 How do I...

  18. 40 CFR 63.7916 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emissions limitations and work practice...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 63.7916 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED... Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Site Remediation Transfer Systems § 63.7916 How do I...

  19. 40 CFR 63.7891 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emissions limitations and work practice...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ....7891 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED... Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Site Remediation Process Vents § 63.7891 How do I...

  20. 40 CFR 63.7916 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emissions limitations and work practice...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 63.7916 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED... Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Site Remediation Transfer Systems § 63.7916 How do I...

  1. 40 CFR 63.7893 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emissions limitations and work practice...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ....7893 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED... Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Site Remediation Process Vents § 63.7893 How do I...

  2. 40 CFR Table 1 to Subpart Hhhhh of... - Emission Limits and Work Practice Standards for Process Vessels

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants... to a condenser that reduces the outlet gas temperature to: <10 °C if the process vessel contains HAP...

  3. 40 CFR Table 5 to Subpart Ffff of... - Emission Limits and Work Practice Standards for Transfer Racks

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Organic Chemical Manufacturing Pt. 63, Subpt. FFFF, Table 5 Table 5 to Subpart FFFF of Part 63—Emission... each . . . You must . . . 1. Group 1 transfer rack a. Reduce emissions of total organic HAP by ≥98 percent by weight or to an outlet concentration ≤20 ppmv as organic HAP or TOC by venting emissions...

  4. 40 CFR Table 3 to Subpart Uuuu of... - Initial Compliance With Emission Limits and Work Practice Standards

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ...) you prepare a material balance that includes the pertinent data used to determine the percent... uncontrolled total sulfide emissions were reduced by at least 75%; (3) you prepare a material balance that... uncontrolled total sulfide emissions were reduced by at least 35%; (3) you prepare a material balance that...

  5. 40 CFR Table 3 to Subpart Uuuu of... - Initial Compliance With Emission Limits and Work Practice Standards

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ...) you prepare a material balance that includes the pertinent data used to determine the percent... uncontrolled total sulfide emissions were reduced by at least 75%; (3) you prepare a material balance that... uncontrolled total sulfide emissions were reduced by at least 35%; (3) you prepare a material balance that...

  6. 40 CFR Table 3 to Subpart Uuuu of... - Initial Compliance With Emission Limits and Work Practice Standards

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ...) you prepare a material balance that includes the pertinent data used to determine the percent... uncontrolled total sulfide emissions were reduced by at least 75%; (3) you prepare a material balance that... uncontrolled total sulfide emissions were reduced by at least 35%; (3) you prepare a material balance that...

  7. 40 CFR Table 2 to Subpart Ffff of... - Emission Limits and Work Practice Standards for Batch Process Vents

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... Pollutants: Miscellaneous Organic Chemical Manufacturing Pt. 63, Subpt. FFFF, Table 2 Table 2 to Subpart FFFF... Group 1 batch process vents a. Reduce collective uncontrolled organic HAP emissions from the sum of all... a flare); or Not applicable. b. Reduce collective uncontrolled organic HAP emissions from the sum of...

  8. 40 CFR 63.2465 - What requirements must I meet for process vents that emit hydrogen halide and halogen HAP or HAP...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Pollutants: Miscellaneous Organic Chemical Manufacturing Emission Limits, Work Practice Standards, and... the mass emission rate of HAP metals based on process knowledge, engineering assessment, or test data...

  9. (Limiting the greenhouse effect)

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Rayner, S.

    1991-01-07

    Traveler attended the Dahlem Research Conference organized by the Freien Universitat, Berlin. The subject of the conference was Limiting the Greenhouse Effect: Options for Controlling Atmospheric CO{sub 2} Accumulation. Like all Dahlem workshops, this was a meeting of scientific experts, although the disciplines represented were broader than usual, ranging across anthropology, economics, international relations, forestry, engineering, and atmospheric chemistry. Participation by scientists from developing countries was limited. The conference was divided into four multidisciplinary working groups. Traveler acted as moderator for Group 3 which examined the question What knowledge is required to tackle the principal social and institutional barriers tomore » reducing CO{sub 2} emissions'' The working rapporteur was Jesse Ausubel of Rockefeller University. Other working groups examined the economic costs, benefits, and technical feasibility of options to reduce emissions per unit of energy service; the options for reducing energy use per unit of GNP; and the significant of linkage between strategies to reduce CO{sub 2} emissions and other goals. Draft reports of the working groups are appended. Overall, the conference identified a number of important research needs in all four areas. It may prove particularly important in bringing the social and institutional research needs relevant to climate change closer to the forefront of the scientific and policy communities than hitherto.« less

  10. 40 CFR Table 3 to Subpart Uuuu of... - Initial Compliance With Emission Limits and Work Practice Standards

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... uncontrolled total sulfide emissions were reduced by at least 25%; (3) you prepare a material balance that... reduced by at least 75%; (3) you prepare a material balance that includes the pertinent data used to... emissions were reduced by at least 35%; (3) you prepare a material balance that includes the pertinent data...

  11. 40 CFR Table 3 to Subpart Uuuu of... - Initial Compliance With Emission Limits and Work Practice Standards

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... uncontrolled total sulfide emissions were reduced by at least 25%; (3) you prepare a material balance that... reduced by at least 75%; (3) you prepare a material balance that includes the pertinent data used to... emissions were reduced by at least 35%; (3) you prepare a material balance that includes the pertinent data...

  12. 40 CFR Table 2 to Subpart Ffff of... - Emission Limits and Work Practice Standards for Batch Process Vents

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ...: Miscellaneous Organic Chemical Manufacturing Pt. 63, Subpt. FFFF, Table 2 Table 2 to Subpart FFFF of Part 63... vents a. Reduce collective uncontrolled organic HAP emissions from the sum of all batch process vents... applicable. b. Reduce collective uncontrolled organic HAP emissions from the sum of all batch process vents...

  13. 40 CFR Table 2 to Subpart Ffff of... - Emission Limits and Work Practice Standards for Batch Process Vents

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ...: Miscellaneous Organic Chemical Manufacturing Pt. 63, Subpt. FFFF, Table 2 Table 2 to Subpart FFFF of Part 63... vents a. Reduce collective uncontrolled organic HAP emissions from the sum of all batch process vents... applicable. b. Reduce collective uncontrolled organic HAP emissions from the sum of all batch process vents...

  14. 40 CFR 63.4961 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Surface Coating of Metal Furniture Compliance... meet the operating limits and work practice standards required in §§ 63.4892 and 63.4893, respectively...

  15. 40 CFR Table 5 to Subpart Kkkkk of... - Initial Compliance with Emission Limitations and Work Practice Standards

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Limitations and Work Practice Standards 5 Table 5 to Subpart KKKKK of Part 63 Protection of Environment... Pollutants for Clay Ceramics Manufacturing Pt. 63, Subpt. KKKKK, Table 5 Table 5 to Subpart KKKKK of Part 63... table: For each . . . For the following . . . You have demonstrated initial compliance if . . . 1. New...

  16. 40 CFR Table 6 to Subpart Kkkkk of... - Continuous Compliance With Emission Limitations and Work Practice Standards

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... Limitations and Work Practice Standards 6 Table 6 to Subpart KKKKK of Part 63 Protection of Environment... Pollutants for Clay Ceramics Manufacturing Pt. 63, Subpt. KKKKK, Table 6 Table 6 to Subpart KKKKK of Part 63... to the following table: For each . . . For the following . . . You must demonstrate continuous...

  17. 40 CFR Table 5 to Subpart Kkkkk of... - Initial Compliance with Emission Limitations and Work Practice Standards

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Limitations and Work Practice Standards 5 Table 5 to Subpart KKKKK of Part 63 Protection of Environment... Pollutants for Clay Ceramics Manufacturing Pt. 63, Subpt. KKKKK, Table 5 Table 5 to Subpart KKKKK of Part 63... table: For each . . . For the following . . . You have demonstrated initial compliance if . . . 1. New...

  18. 40 CFR Table 6 to Subpart Kkkkk of... - Continuous Compliance With Emission Limitations and Work Practice Standards

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... Limitations and Work Practice Standards 6 Table 6 to Subpart KKKKK of Part 63 Protection of Environment... Pollutants for Clay Ceramics Manufacturing Pt. 63, Subpt. KKKKK, Table 6 Table 6 to Subpart KKKKK of Part 63... to the following table: For each . . . For the following . . . You must demonstrate continuous...

  19. 40 CFR Table 5 to Subpart Kkkkk of... - Initial Compliance with Emission Limitations and Work Practice Standards

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... Limitations and Work Practice Standards 5 Table 5 to Subpart KKKKK of Part 63 Protection of Environment... Pollutants for Clay Ceramics Manufacturing Pt. 63, Subpt. KKKKK, Table 5 Table 5 to Subpart KKKKK of Part 63... table: For each . . . For the following . . . You have demonstrated initial compliance if . . . 1. New...

  20. 40 CFR Table 6 to Subpart Kkkkk of... - Continuous Compliance With Emission Limitations and Work Practice Standards

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Limitations and Work Practice Standards 6 Table 6 to Subpart KKKKK of Part 63 Protection of Environment... Pollutants for Clay Ceramics Manufacturing Pt. 63, Subpt. KKKKK, Table 6 Table 6 to Subpart KKKKK of Part 63... to the following table: For each . . . For the following . . . You must demonstrate continuous...

  1. 40 CFR Table 5 to Subpart Kkkkk of... - Initial Compliance with Emission Limitations and Work Practice Standards

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... Limitations and Work Practice Standards 5 Table 5 to Subpart KKKKK of Part 63 Protection of Environment... Pollutants for Clay Ceramics Manufacturing Pt. 63, Subpt. KKKKK, Table 5 Table 5 to Subpart KKKKK of Part 63... table: For each . . . For the following . . . You have demonstrated initial compliance if . . . 1. New...

  2. 40 CFR Table 5 to Subpart Kkkkk of... - Initial Compliance with Emission Limitations and Work Practice Standards

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... Limitations and Work Practice Standards 5 Table 5 to Subpart KKKKK of Part 63 Protection of Environment... Pollutants for Clay Ceramics Manufacturing Pt. 63, Subpt. KKKKK, Table 5 Table 5 to Subpart KKKKK of Part 63... table: For each . . . For the following . . . You have demonstrated initial compliance if . . . 1. New...

  3. 40 CFR Table 6 to Subpart Kkkkk of... - Continuous Compliance With Emission Limitations and Work Practice Standards

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... Limitations and Work Practice Standards 6 Table 6 to Subpart KKKKK of Part 63 Protection of Environment... Pollutants for Clay Ceramics Manufacturing Pt. 63, Subpt. KKKKK, Table 6 Table 6 to Subpart KKKKK of Part 63... to the following table: For each . . . For the following . . . You must demonstrate continuous...

  4. Guideline series: Control of volatile organic compound emissions from wood furniture manufacturing operations, April 1996. Final report

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    NONE

    1996-04-01

    This Control Techniques Guideline (CTG) provides the necessary guidance for development of regulations to limit emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOC) from wood furniture finishing and cleaning operations. This guidance includes emission limits for specific wood furniture finishing steps and work practices to reduce waste and evaporation through pollution prevention methods; these represent available control technology for wood furniture finishing and cleaning operations. This document is intended to provide State and local air pollution authorities with an information base for proceeding with their own analyses of RACT to meet statutory requirements.

  5. Guideline series: Control of volatile organic compound emissions from wood furniture manufacturing operations. Draft report

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    NONE

    1995-08-01

    This draft Control Techniques Guidelines (CTG) provides necessary guidance for development of regulations to limit emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOC`s) from wood furniture finishing and cleaning operations. This guidance includes emission limits for specific wood furniture finishing steps and work pratices to reduce waste and evaporation through pollution prevention methods; these represent reasonably available control technology for wood furniture finishing and cleaning operations. This document is intended to provide State and local air pollution authorities with an information base for proceeding with their own analyses of RACT to meet statutory requirements.

  6. 40 CFR 63.4961 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Surface Coating of Metal Furniture... operation must meet the operating limits and work practice standards required in §§ 63.4892 and 63.4893...

  7. 40 CFR Table 1 to Subpart Ffff of... - Emission Limits and Work Practice Standards for Continuous Process Vents

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ...: Miscellaneous Organic Chemical Manufacturing Pt. 63, Subpt. FFFF, Table 1 Table 1 to Subpart FFFF of Part 63... vent a. Not applicable i. Reduce emissions of total organic HAP by ≥98 percent by weight or to an outlet process concentration ≤20 ppmv as organic HAP or TOC by venting emissions through a closed-vent...

  8. 40 CFR Table 1 to Subpart Ffff of... - Emission Limits and Work Practice Standards for Continuous Process Vents

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... Pollutants: Miscellaneous Organic Chemical Manufacturing Pt. 63, Subpt. FFFF, Table 1 Table 1 to Subpart FFFF... continuous process vent a. Not applicable i. Reduce emissions of total organic HAP by ≥98 percent by weight or to an outlet process concentration ≤20 ppmv as organic HAP or TOC by venting emissions through a...

  9. 40 CFR Table 1 to Subpart Ffff of... - Emission Limits and Work Practice Standards for Continuous Process Vents

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ...: Miscellaneous Organic Chemical Manufacturing Pt. 63, Subpt. FFFF, Table 1 Table 1 to Subpart FFFF of Part 63... vent a. Not applicable i. Reduce emissions of total organic HAP by ≥98 percent by weight or to an outlet process concentration ≤20 ppmv as organic HAP or TOC by venting emissions through a closed-vent...

  10. 40 CFR 63.7926 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limitations and work practice standards...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... work practice standards for carbon adsorption systems in § 63.7925(h) if you have submitted as part of... with each work practice standard that applies to your carbon adsorption system. (f) You must...

  11. 40 CFR 63.7890 - What emissions limitations and work practice standards must I meet for process vents?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... total organic compounds (TOC) (minus methane and ethane) to a level below 1.4 kg/hr and 2.8 Mg/yr (3.0... process vents the emissions of TOC (minus methane and ethane) by 95 percent by weight or more. (c) For...

  12. On-road assessment of light duty vehicles in Delhi city: Emission factors of CO, CO2 and NOX

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Jaiprakash; Habib, Gazala

    2018-02-01

    This study presents the technology based emission factors of gaseous pollutants (CO, CO2, and NOX) measured during on-road operation of nine passenger cars of diesel, gasoline, and compressed natural gas (CNG). The emissions from two 3-wheelers, and three 2-wheelers were measured by putting the vehicles on jacks and operating them according to Modified Indian Driving Cycle (MIDC) at no load condition. The emission factors observed in the present work were significantly higher than values reported from dynamometer study by Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI). Low CO (0.34 ± 0.08 g km-1) and high NOX (1.0 ± 0.4 g km-1) emission factors were observed for diesel passenger cars, oppositely high CO (2.2 ± 2.6 g km-1) and low NOX (1.0 ± 1.6 g km-1) emission factors were seen for gasoline powered cars. The after-treatment technology in diesel vehicles was effective in CO reduction. While the use of turbocharger in diesel vehicles to generate high combustion temperature and pressure produces more NOx, probably which may not be effectively controlled by after-treatment device. The after-treatment devices in gasoline powered Post-2010, Post-2005 vehicles can be acclaimed for reduced CO emissions compared to Post-2000 vehicles. This work presents a limited data set of emission factors from on-road operations of light duty vehicles, this limitation can be improved by further measurements of emissions from similar vehicles.

  13. 40 CFR 60.634 - Alternative means of emission limitation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... any design, equipment, work practice or operational standard, the Administrator will publish, in the... the design, equipment, work practice or operational standard. ... applications under this section from either owners or operators of affected facilities, or manufacturers of...

  14. 40 CFR 63.306 - Work practice standards.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... Standards for Coke Oven Batteries § 63.306 Work practice standards. (a) Work practice plan. On or before... plan for each coke oven battery. The plan shall be designed to achieve compliance with visible emission limitations for coke oven doors, topside port lids, offtake systems, and charging operations under this...

  15. 40 CFR 63.306 - Work practice standards.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... for Coke Oven Batteries § 63.306 Work practice standards. (a) Work practice plan. On or before... plan for each coke oven battery. The plan shall be designed to achieve compliance with visible emission limitations for coke oven doors, topside port lids, offtake systems, and charging operations under this...

  16. 40 CFR 63.306 - Work practice standards.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... Standards for Coke Oven Batteries § 63.306 Work practice standards. (a) Work practice plan. On or before... plan for each coke oven battery. The plan shall be designed to achieve compliance with visible emission limitations for coke oven doors, topside port lids, offtake systems, and charging operations under this...

  17. 40 CFR 63.306 - Work practice standards.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... Standards for Coke Oven Batteries § 63.306 Work practice standards. (a) Work practice plan. On or before... plan for each coke oven battery. The plan shall be designed to achieve compliance with visible emission limitations for coke oven doors, topside port lids, offtake systems, and charging operations under this...

  18. Fluidized combustion of coal. [to limit SO2 and NOx emissions

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Pope, M.

    1978-01-01

    A combustion technology that permits the burning of low quality coal, and other fuels, while maintaining stack emissions within State and Federal EPA limits is discussed. Low quality fuels can be burned directly in fluidized beds while taking advantage of low furnace temperatures and chemical activity within the bed to limit SO2 and NOx emissions. The excellent heat transfer characteristics of the fluidized beds also result in a reduction of total heat transfer surface requirements. Tests on beds operating at pressures of one to ten atmospheres, at temperatures as high as 1600 F, and with gas velocities in the vicinity of four to twelve feet per second, have proven the concept. The progress that has been made in the development of fluidized bed combustion technology and work currently underway are discussed.

  19. Coverage and velocity dependent sticking coefficient and particle emission kinetics in the Cl2gas + Ksolid reaction

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hellberg, Lars; Kasemo, Bengt

    Some strongly exothermic and non-adiabatic surface adsorption events, especially those where electronegative molecules adsorb on very electropositive (low work function) surfaces, are accompanied by emission of (exo)electrons, photons, excited atoms and negative ions. The reaction of halogen molecules with halogen surfaces constitute an efficient model system for such studies. We have previously reported data for the emission of negative particles and photons in the zero coverage limit for a range of velocities of Cl2 molecules impinging on cold potassium surfaces as well as the mechanism behind these emission processes. In the present work, we focus on measurements of the kinetics, i.e. the exposure/coverage dependence, of these processes for the same system. Specifically, we present data for, (i) the separated contributions from electrons and Cl- ions of the emitted negative particles, (ii) the photon emission stemming both from excited Potassium atoms and from the equivalent process causing electron emission, (iii) the change of the work function during the initial exposure and, finally, (iv) the sticking coefficient for different Cl2 velocities and exposures.

  20. 40 CFR 63.1563 - When do I have to comply with this subpart?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Petroleum Refineries: Catalytic Cracking Units... for an existing catalytic cracking unit allowing additional time to meet the emission limitations and work practice standards for catalytic cracking units in §§ 63.1564 and 63.1565 if you commit to...

  1. 40 CFR 63.1563 - When do I have to comply with this subpart?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Petroleum Refineries: Catalytic Cracking Units... for an existing catalytic cracking unit allowing additional time to meet the emission limitations and work practice standards for catalytic cracking units in §§ 63.1564 and 63.1565 if you commit to...

  2. 40 CFR 63.8246 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emission limitations and work practice...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... Hazardous Air Pollutants: Mercury Emissions From Mercury Cell Chlor-Alkali Plants Continuous Compliance... practice standards? (a) By-product hydrogen streams and end box ventilation system vents. (1) For all by-product hydrogen streams and all end box ventilation system vents, if applicable, you must demonstrate...

  3. 40 CFR 63.8246 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emission limitations and work practice...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... Hazardous Air Pollutants: Mercury Emissions From Mercury Cell Chlor-Alkali Plants Continuous Compliance... practice standards? (a) By-product hydrogen streams and end box ventilation system vents. (1) For all by-product hydrogen streams and all end box ventilation system vents, if applicable, you must demonstrate...

  4. 40 CFR 63.8246 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emission limitations and work practice...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Hazardous Air Pollutants: Mercury Emissions From Mercury Cell Chlor-Alkali Plants Continuous Compliance... practice standards? (a) By-product hydrogen streams and end box ventilation system vents. (1) For all by-product hydrogen streams and all end box ventilation system vents, if applicable, you must demonstrate...

  5. 40 CFR 63.8246 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emission limitations and work practice...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Hazardous Air Pollutants: Mercury Emissions From Mercury Cell Chlor-Alkali Plants Continuous Compliance... practice standards? (a) By-product hydrogen streams and end box ventilation system vents. (1) For all by-product hydrogen streams and all end box ventilation system vents, if applicable, you must demonstrate...

  6. 40 CFR 63.8246 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emission limitations and work practice...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... Hazardous Air Pollutants: Mercury Emissions From Mercury Cell Chlor-Alkali Plants Continuous Compliance... practice standards? (a) By-product hydrogen streams and end box ventilation system vents. (1) For all by-product hydrogen streams and all end box ventilation system vents, if applicable, you must demonstrate...

  7. 40 CFR 63.8236 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limitations and work practice standards?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ...). (2) You choose the continuous cell room monitoring program option, you certify in your Notification... Hazardous Air Pollutants: Mercury Emissions From Mercury Cell Chlor-Alkali Plants Initial Compliance... standards? (a) For each mercury cell chlor-alkali production facility, you have demonstrated initial...

  8. Multi-exciton emission from solitary dopant states of carbon nanotubes.

    PubMed

    Ma, Xuedan; Hartmann, Nicolai F; Velizhanin, Kirill A; Baldwin, Jon K S; Adamska, Lyudmyla; Tretiak, Sergei; Doorn, Stephen K; Htoon, Han

    2017-11-02

    By separating the photons from slow and fast decays of single and multi-exciton states in a time gated 2 nd order photon correlation experiment, we show that solitary oxygen dopant states of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) allow emission of photon pairs with efficiencies as high as 44% of single exciton emission. Our pump dependent time resolved photoluminescence (PL) studies further reveal diffusion-limited exciton-exciton annihilation as the key process that limits the emission of multi-excitons at high pump fluences. We further postulate that creation of additional permanent exciton quenching sites occurring under intense laser irradiation leads to permanent PL quenching. With this work, we bring out multi-excitonic processes of solitary dopant states as a new area to be explored for potential applications in lasing and entangled photon generation.

  9. A probabilistic approach to examine the impacts of mitigation policies on future global PM emissions from on-road vehicles

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yan, F.; Winijkul, E.; Bond, T. C.; Streets, D. G.

    2012-12-01

    There is deficiency in the determination of emission reduction potential in the future, especially with consideration of uncertainty. Mitigation measures for some economic sectors have been proposed, but few studies provide an evaluation of the amount of PM emission reduction that can be obtained in future years by different emission reduction strategies. We attribute the absence of helpful mitigation strategy analysis to limitations in the technical detail of future emission scenarios, which result in the inability to relate technological or regulatory intervention to emission changes. The purpose of this work is to provide a better understanding of the potential benefits of mitigation policies in addressing global and regional emissions. In this work, we introduce a probabilistic approach to explore the impacts of retrofit and scrappage on global PM emissions from on-road vehicles in the coming decades. This approach includes scenario analysis, sensitivity analysis and Monte Carlo simulations. A dynamic model of vehicle population linked to emission characteristics, SPEW-Trend, is used to estimate future emissions and make policy evaluations. Three basic questions will be answered in this work: (1) what contribution can these two programs make to improve global emissions in the future? (2) in which regions are such programs most and least effective in reducing emissions and what features of the vehicle fleet cause these results? (3) what is the level of confidence in the projected emission reductions, given uncertain parameters in describing the dynamic vehicle fleet?

  10. Space charge limited current emission for a sharp tip

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Zhu, Y. B., E-mail: zhuyingbin@gmail.com; Ang, L. K., E-mail: ricky-ang@sutd.edu.sg

    In this paper, we formulate a self-consistent model to study the space charge limited current emission from a sharp tip in a dc gap. The tip is assumed to have a radius in the order of 10s nanometer. The electrons are emitted from the tip due to field emission process. It is found that the localized current density J at the apex of the tip can be much higher than the classical Child Langmuir law (flat surface). A scaling of J ∝ V{sub g}{sup 3/2}/D{sup m}, where V{sub g} is the gap bias, D is the gap size, and m = 1.1–1.2more » (depending on the emission area or radius) is proposed. The effects of non-uniform emission and the spatial dependence of work function are presented.« less

  11. Analysis of thermionic bare tether operation regimes in passive mode

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sanmartín, J. R.; Chen, Xin; Sánchez-Arriaga, G.

    2017-01-01

    A thermionic bare tether (TBT) is a long conductor coated with a low work-function material. In drag mode, a tether segment extending from anodic end A to a zero-bias point B, with the standard Orbital-motion-limited current collection, is followed by a complex cathodic segment. In general, as bias becomes more negative in moving from B to cathodic end C, one first finds space-charge-limited (SCL) emission covering up to some intermediate point B*, then full Richardson-Dushman (RD) emission reaching from B* to end C. An approximate analytical study, which combines the current and voltage profile equations with results from asymptotic studies of the Vlasov-Poisson system for emissive probes, is carried out to determine the parameter domain covering two limit regimes, which are effectively controlled by just two dimensionless parameters involving ambient plasma and TBT material properties. In one such limit regime, no point B* is reached and thus no full RD emission develops. In an opposite regime, SCL segment BB* is too short to contribute significantly to the current balance.

  12. 40 CFR 63.361 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... limitation (including any operating limit) or work practice standard in this subpart during startup, shutdown... date means the date of promulgation in the Federal Register notice. Initial startup date means the date... types for the purpose of controlling these emissions with a single control device. Maximum ethylene...

  13. 40 CFR 63.361 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... limitation (including any operating limit) or work practice standard in this subpart during startup, shutdown... date means the date of promulgation in the Federal Register notice. Initial startup date means the date... types for the purpose of controlling these emissions with a single control device. Maximum ethylene...

  14. 40 CFR Table 5 to Subpart Hhhhh of... - Emission Limits and Work Practice Standards for Transfer Operations

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    .... Halogenated Group 1 transfer operation vent stream for which you use a combustion device to control organic... your transfer operations. For each . . . You must. . . . 1. Group 1 transfer operation vent stream a... system to any combination of control devices (except a flare); or b. Reduce emissions of total organic...

  15. 40 CFR Table 5 to Subpart Hhhhh of... - Emission Limits and Work Practice Standards for Transfer Operations

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    .... Halogenated Group 1 transfer operation vent stream for which you use a combustion device to control organic... your transfer operations. For each . . . You must. . . . 1. Group 1 transfer operation vent stream a... system to any combination of control devices (except a flare); or b. Reduce emissions of total organic...

  16. 40 CFR Table 5 to Subpart Hhhhh of... - Emission Limits and Work Practice Standards for Transfer Operations

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    .... Halogenated Group 1 transfer operation vent stream for which you use a combustion device to control organic... your transfer operations. For each . . . You must. . . . 1. Group 1 transfer operation vent stream a... system to any combination of control devices (except a flare); or b. Reduce emissions of total organic...

  17. 40 CFR 63.7530 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limits and work practice standards?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... Pollutants for Industrial, Commercial, and Institutional Boilers and Process Heaters Testing, Fuel Analyses... 5 and 7 to this subpart OR conducting initial fuel analyses to determine emission rates and... fuel subcategories that burn only fossil fuels and other gases and do not burn any residual oil must...

  18. Diffraction limited 1064nm monolithic DBR-master oscillator power amplifier with more than 7W output power

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zink, Christof; Maaβdorf, André; Fricke, Jörg; Ressel, Peter; Maiwald, Martin; Sumpf, Bernd; Erbert, Götz; Tränkle, Günther

    2018-02-01

    High brightness diode lasers with a spectrally narrowband emission, several watts of output power with an almost diffraction limited beam quality are requested light sources for several applications. In this work, a monolithic master oscillator power amplifier will be presented. The resonator of the master oscillator is formed by a high-reflection DBR grating on the rear side and an internal DBR mirror. Its power is amplified in a ridge waveguide followed by a tapered section. The monolithic MOPA provides over 7 W at 1064 nm with a narrow spectral emission width below 20 pm and an almost diffraction limited beam.

  19. 40 CFR Table 5 to Subpart Ffff of... - Emission Limits and Work Practice Standards for Transfer Racks

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... each . . . You must . . . 1. Group 1 transfer rack a. Reduce emissions of total organic HAP by ≥98... through a closed-vent system to any combination of control devices (except a flare); or b. Reduce....982(d) and the requirements referenced therein; or d. Use a vapor balancing system designed and...

  20. 40 CFR Table 5 to Subpart Ffff of... - Emission Limits and Work Practice Standards for Transfer Racks

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... each . . . You must . . . 1. Group 1 transfer rack a. Reduce emissions of total organic HAP by ≥98... through a closed-vent system to any combination of control devices (except a flare); or b. Reduce....982(d) and the requirements referenced therein; or d. Use a vapor balancing system designed and...

  1. 40 CFR Table 5 to Subpart Ffff of... - Emission Limits and Work Practice Standards for Transfer Racks

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... each . . . You must . . . 1. Group 1 transfer rack a. Reduce emissions of total organic HAP by ≥98... through a closed-vent system to any combination of control devices (except a flare); or b. Reduce....982(d) and the requirements referenced therein; or d. Use a vapor balancing system designed and...

  2. 40 CFR 63.9917 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limitations and work practice standards...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... subpart; and (2) For each wet scrubber subject to the operating limits for pressure drop and scrubber water flow rate in § 63.9890(b), you have established appropriate site-specific operating limits and have a record of the pressure drop and scrubber water flow rate measured during the performance test in...

  3. 40 CFR 63.9917 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limitations and work practice standards...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... subpart; and (2) For each wet scrubber subject to the operating limits for pressure drop and scrubber water flow rate in § 63.9890(b), you have established appropriate site-specific operating limits and have a record of the pressure drop and scrubber water flow rate measured during the performance test in...

  4. 40 CFR 63.9917 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limitations and work practice standards...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... subpart; and (2) For each wet scrubber subject to the operating limits for pressure drop and scrubber water flow rate in § 63.9890(b), you have established appropriate site-specific operating limits and have a record of the pressure drop and scrubber water flow rate measured during the performance test in...

  5. 40 CFR 63.9917 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limitations and work practice standards...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... subpart; and (2) For each wet scrubber subject to the operating limits for pressure drop and scrubber water flow rate in § 63.9890(b), you have established appropriate site-specific operating limits and have a record of the pressure drop and scrubber water flow rate measured during the performance test in...

  6. 40 CFR 63.9917 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limitations and work practice standards...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... subpart; and (2) For each wet scrubber subject to the operating limits for pressure drop and scrubber water flow rate in § 63.9890(b), you have established appropriate site-specific operating limits and have a record of the pressure drop and scrubber water flow rate measured during the performance test in...

  7. Responsivity-based criterion for accurate calibration of FTIR emission spectra: theoretical development and bandwidth estimation.

    PubMed

    Rowe, Penny M; Neshyba, Steven P; Walden, Von P

    2011-03-14

    An analytical expression for the variance of the radiance measured by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) emission spectrometers exists only in the limit of low noise. Outside this limit, the variance needs to be calculated numerically. In addition, a criterion for low noise is needed to identify properly calibrated radiances and optimize the instrument bandwidth. In this work, the variance and the magnitude of a noise-dependent spectral bias are calculated as a function of the system responsivity (r) and the noise level in its estimate (σr). The criterion σr/r<0.3, applied to downwelling and upwelling FTIR emission spectra, shows that the instrument bandwidth is specified properly for one instrument but needs to be restricted for another.

  8. Paper and Other Web Coating Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT): Work Practice, Testing, Monitoring, Recordkeeping, and Reporting Summary Table

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    This April 2004 document is a table that details the various requirements of the Paper and Other Web Coating NESHAP, broken down by category. This table covers applicability, recordkeeping, emission limits, work practice standards, and other requirements

  9. Emission current from a single micropoint of explosive emission cathode

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Wu, Ping; Science and Technology on High Power Microwave Laboratory, Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi'an 710024; Sun, Jun

    Explosive emission cathodes (EECs) are widely used due to their large current. There has been much research on the explosive electron emission mechanism demonstrating that a current density of 10{sup 8}–10{sup 9 }A/cm{sup 2} is necessary for a micropoint to explode in several nanoseconds and the micropoint size is in micron-scale according to the observation of the cathode surface. This paper, however, makes an effort to research the current density and the micropoint size in another way which considers the space charge screening effect. Our model demonstrates that the relativistic effect is insignificant for the micropoint emission due to the smallmore » size of the micropoint and uncovers that the micron-scale size is an intrinsic demand for the micropoint to reach a space charge limited current density of 10{sup 8}–10{sup 9 }A/cm{sup 2}. Meanwhile, our analysis shows that as the voltage increases, the micropoint emission will turn from a field limited state to a space charge limited state, which makes the steady-state micropoint current density independent of the cathode work function and much less dependent on the electric field and the field enhancement factor than that predicted by the Fowler-Nordheim formula.« less

  10. 40 CFR 63.7880 - What is the purpose of this subpart?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Site Remediation What This Subpart... limitations and work practice standards for hazardous air pollutants (HAP) emitted from site remediation...

  11. Nanoparticle-density-dependent field emission of surface-decorated SiC nanowires

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Dong, Qizheng; School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University of Technology, Ningbo City 315016; State Key Lab of New Fine Ceramics and Fine Processing, Tsinghua University, Beijing City 100084

    2016-08-22

    Increasing the electron emission site density of nanostructured emitters with limited field screening effects is one of the key issues for improving the field emission (FE) properties. In this work, we reported the Au-nanoparticles-density-dependent field emission behaviors of surface-decorated SiC nanowires. The Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) decorated around the surface of the SiC nanowires were achieved via an ion sputtering technique, by which the densities of the isolated AuNPs could be adjusted by controlling the fixed sputtering times. The measured FE characteristics demonstrated that the turn-on fields of the SiC nanowires were tuned to be of 2.06, 1.14, and 3.35 V/μm withmore » the increase of the decorated AuNPs densities, suggesting that a suitable decorated AuNPs density could render the SiC nanowires with totally excellent FE performances by increasing the emission sites and limiting the field screening effects.« less

  12. Molecular modeling of field-driven ion emission from ionic liquids

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhang, Fei; He, Yadong; Qiao, Rui

    2017-11-01

    Traditionally, operating electrosprays in the purely ionic mode is challenging, but recent experiments confirmed that such operation can be achieved using room-temperature ionic liquids as working electrolytes. Such electrosprays have shown promise in applications including chemical analysis, nanomanufacturing, and space propulsion. The mechanistic and quantitative understanding of such electrosprays at the molecular level, however, remain limited at present. In this work, we simulated ion emission from EMIM-PF6 ionic liquid films using the molecular dynamics method. We show that, when the surface electric field is smaller than 1.5V/nm, the ion emission current predicted using coarse-grained ionic liquid model observes the classical scaling law by J. V. Iribarne and B. A. Thomson, i.e., ln(Je/ σ) En1/2. These simulations, however, cannot capture the co-emission of cations and anions from ionic liquid surface observed in some experiments. Such co-emission was successfully captured when united-atom models were adopted for the ionic liquids. By examining the co-emission events with picosecond, sub-angstrom resolution, we clarified the origins of the co-emission phenomenon and delineate the molecular events leading to ion emission.

  13. 40 CFR 63.3493 - What work practice standards must I meet?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... or the control efficiency/outlet concentration option to comply with the emission limitations, you... materials, and waste materials must be conveyed from one location to another in closed containers or pipes...

  14. 40 CFR 63.7913 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emissions limitations and work practice...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL... Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Site Remediation Separators § 63.7913 How do I demonstrate...

  15. 40 CFR 63.7913 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emissions limitations and work practice...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL... Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Site Remediation Separators § 63.7913 How do I demonstrate...

  16. 40 CFR 63.7913 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emissions limitations and work practice...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL... Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Site Remediation Separators § 63.7913 How do I demonstrate...

  17. 40 CFR 63.7913 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emissions limitations and work practice...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL... Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Site Remediation Separators § 63.7913 How do I demonstrate...

  18. 40 CFR 63.7913 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emissions limitations and work practice...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL... Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Site Remediation Separators § 63.7913 How do I demonstrate...

  19. 40 CFR 63.8015 - What requirements apply to my equipment leaks?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Manufacturing Emission Limits, Work Practice Standards, and Compliance Requirements § 63.8015 What requirements... with § 63.1036(b) is not required after reconfiguration of an equipment train if flexible hose...

  20. 40 CFR 63.3490 - What emission limits must I meet?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... must limit organic HAP emissions to the atmosphere to no more than the emission limit(s) in Table 1 to... reduce organic HAP emissions to the atmosphere to no more than the limit(s) in Table 3 to this subpart... must limit organic HAP emissions to the atmosphere to no more than the emission limit(s) in Table 2 to...

  1. 40 CFR 63.3490 - What emission limits must I meet?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... must limit organic HAP emissions to the atmosphere to no more than the emission limit(s) in Table 1 to... reduce organic HAP emissions to the atmosphere to no more than the limit(s) in Table 3 to this subpart... must limit organic HAP emissions to the atmosphere to no more than the emission limit(s) in Table 2 to...

  2. 40 CFR 63.3490 - What emission limits must I meet?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... must limit organic HAP emissions to the atmosphere to no more than the emission limit(s) in Table 1 to... reduce organic HAP emissions to the atmosphere to no more than the limit(s) in Table 3 to this subpart... must limit organic HAP emissions to the atmosphere to no more than the emission limit(s) in Table 2 to...

  3. 40 CFR 86.1861-04 - How do the Tier 2 and interim non-Tier 2 NOX averaging, banking and trading programs work?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... amount of emissions. Nothing in this part or any other provision of law should be construed to limit EPA... negative number, the manufacturer must generate negative NOX credits (debits). (c) Early banking. (1)(i... emission standards specified in § 86.1811-04. (iii) This process is referred to as “early banking” and the...

  4. Basic Studies of Distributed Discharge Limiters

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2014-02-10

    Sputtered Lanthanum Hexaboride Film Thickness on Field Emission from Metallic Knife Edge Cathodes,” M.P. Kirley, B. Novakovic , N. Sule, M. J. Weber, I...IEEE ICOPS, San Diego, CA (2009). 99. Nishant Sule, Matt Kirley, Bozidar Novakovic , John Scharer, Irena Knezevic and John H. Booske...M. Kirley, B. Novakovic , J. Scharer, I. Knezevic, and J.H. Booske, “Field emission from low work function cathode coatings,”, Intl. Conf. Plasma

  5. 40 CFR 63.10011 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emissions limits and work practice standards?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... Hazardous Air Pollutants: Coal- and Oil-Fired Electric Utility Steam Generating Units Testing and Initial... liquid oil-fired unit, and you use quarterly stack testing for HCl and HF plus site-specific parameter monitoring to demonstrate continuous performance, you must also establish a site-specific operating limit, in...

  6. 40 CFR 63.10011 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emissions limits and work practice standards?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... Hazardous Air Pollutants: Coal- and Oil-Fired Electric Utility Steam Generating Units Testing and Initial... liquid oil-fired unit, and you use quarterly stack testing for HCl and HF plus site-specific parameter monitoring to demonstrate continuous performance, you must also establish a site-specific operating limit, in...

  7. 40 CFR 63.5110 - What special definitions are used in this subpart?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... equipment used to apply an organic coating to the surface of metal coil. A coil coating line includes a web... emission limitation (including any operating limit) or work practice standard; (2) Fails to meet any term... before July 18, 2000, and it has not subsequently undergone reconstruction as defined in § 63.2. Facility...

  8. 40 CFR 63.7131 - What reports must I submit and when?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... were no deviations from any emission limitations (emission limit, operating limit, opacity limit, and... deviations from the emission limitations during the reporting period. (6) If there were no periods during.... (d) For each deviation from an emission limitation (emission limit, operating limit, opacity limit...

  9. The effect of plasma density and emitter geometry on space charge limits for field emitter array electron charge emission into a space plasma

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Morris, Dave; Gilchrist, Brian; Gallimore, Alec

    2001-02-01

    Field Emitter Array Cathodes (FEACs) are a new technology being developed for several potential spacecraft electron emission and charge control applications. Instead of a single hot (i.e., high powered) emitter, or a gas dependant plasma contactor, FEAC systems consist of many (hundreds or thousands) of small (micron level) cathode/gate pairs printed on a semiconductor wafer that effect cold field emission at relatively low voltages. Each individual cathode emits only micro-amp level currents, but a functional array is capable of amp/cm2 current densities. It is hoped that thus FEAC offers the possibility of a relatively low-power, simple to integrate, and inexpensive technique for the high level of current emissions that are required for an electrodynamic tether (EDT) propulsion mission. Space charge limits are a significant concern for the EDT application. Vacuum chamber tests and PIC simulations are being performed at the University of Michigan Plasmadynamics and Electric Propulsion Laboratory and Space Physics Research Laboratory to determine the effect of plasma density and emitter geometry on space charge limitations. The results of this work and conclusions to date of how to best mitigate space charge limits will be presented. .

  10. 40 CFR 63.1560 - What is the purpose of this subpart?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Petroleum Refineries: Catalytic Cracking Units, Catalytic... from petroleum refineries. This subpart also establishes requirements to demonstrate initial and continuous compliance with the emission limitations and work practice standards. ...

  11. 40 CFR 63.7911 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emissions limitations and work practice...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL... Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Site Remediation Separators § 63.7911 How do I demonstrate initial...

  12. 40 CFR 63.7911 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emissions limitations and work practice...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL... Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Site Remediation Separators § 63.7911 How do I demonstrate initial...

  13. 40 CFR 63.7891 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emissions limitations and work practice...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL... Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Site Remediation Process Vents § 63.7891 How do I demonstrate...

  14. 40 CFR 63.7911 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emissions limitations and work practice...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL... Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Site Remediation Separators § 63.7911 How do I demonstrate initial...

  15. 40 CFR 63.7911 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emissions limitations and work practice...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL... Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Site Remediation Separators § 63.7911 How do I demonstrate initial...

  16. 40 CFR 63.7911 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emissions limitations and work practice...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL... Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Site Remediation Separators § 63.7911 How do I demonstrate initial...

  17. 40 CFR 63.7921 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emissions limitations and work practice...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL... Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Site Remediation Equipment Leaks § 63.7921 How do I demonstrate...

  18. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions and improving air quality: Two global challenges.

    PubMed

    Erickson, Larry E

    2017-07-01

    There are many good reasons to promote sustainable development and reduce greenhouse gas emissions and other combustion emissions. The air quality in many urban environments is causing many premature deaths because of asthma, cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, and dementia associated with combustion emissions. The global social cost of air pollution is at least $3 trillion/year; particulates, nitrogen oxides and ozone associated with combustion emissions are very costly pollutants. Better air quality in urban environments is one of the reasons for countries to work together to reduce greenhouse gas emissions through the Paris Agreement on Climate Change. There are many potential benefits associated with limiting climate change. In the recent past, the concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere have been increasing and the number of weather and climate disasters with costs over $1 billion has been increasing. The average global temperature set new record highs in 2014, 2015, and 2016. To reduce greenhouse gas emissions, the transition to electric vehicles and electricity generation using renewable energy must take place in accord with the goals of the Paris Agreement on Climate Change. This work reviews progress and identifies some of the health benefits associated with reducing combustion emissions. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 36: 982-988, 2017.

  19. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions and improving air quality: Two global challenges

    PubMed Central

    2017-01-01

    There are many good reasons to promote sustainable development and reduce greenhouse gas emissions and other combustion emissions. The air quality in many urban environments is causing many premature deaths because of asthma, cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, and dementia associated with combustion emissions. The global social cost of air pollution is at least $3 trillion/year; particulates, nitrogen oxides and ozone associated with combustion emissions are very costly pollutants. Better air quality in urban environments is one of the reasons for countries to work together to reduce greenhouse gas emissions through the Paris Agreement on Climate Change. There are many potential benefits associated with limiting climate change. In the recent past, the concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere have been increasing and the number of weather and climate disasters with costs over $1 billion has been increasing. The average global temperature set new record highs in 2014, 2015, and 2016. To reduce greenhouse gas emissions, the transition to electric vehicles and electricity generation using renewable energy must take place in accord with the goals of the Paris Agreement on Climate Change. This work reviews progress and identifies some of the health benefits associated with reducing combustion emissions. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 36: 982–988, 2017 PMID:29238442

  20. 40 CFR 63.8693 - What reports must I submit and when?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... emission limitations (emission limit, operating limit, opacity limit, and visible emission limit) that apply to you, a statement that there were no deviations from the emission limitations during the... out-of-control during the reporting period. (d) For each deviation from an emission limitation...

  1. 40 CFR 60.4860 - Do the emission limits, emission standards, and operating limits apply during periods of startup...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 7 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Do the emission limits, emission standards, and operating limits apply during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.4860 Section... emission limits, emission standards, and operating limits apply during periods of startup, shutdown, and...

  2. 40 CFR 60.4860 - Do the emission limits, emission standards, and operating limits apply during periods of startup...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 7 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Do the emission limits, emission standards, and operating limits apply during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.4860 Section... emission limits, emission standards, and operating limits apply during periods of startup, shutdown, and...

  3. 40 CFR 60.4860 - Do the emission limits, emission standards, and operating limits apply during periods of startup...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 6 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Do the emission limits, emission standards, and operating limits apply during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.4860 Section... emission limits, emission standards, and operating limits apply during periods of startup, shutdown, and...

  4. 40 CFR 60.4860 - Do the emission limits, emission standards, and operating limits apply during periods of startup...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 7 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Do the emission limits, emission standards, and operating limits apply during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.4860 Section... emission limits, emission standards, and operating limits apply during periods of startup, shutdown, and...

  5. 40 CFR 63.1453 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emission limitations, work practice standards...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... percent opacity. (c) Baghouses. For each baghouse subject to the operating limit for the bag leak... that the bag leak detection system alarm does not sound for more than 5 percent of the operating time... malfunction of the bag leak detection system are not included in the calculation. (ii) Alarms that occur...

  6. 40 CFR 63.9923 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emission limitations and work practice...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... to this subpart. (b) For each wet scrubber subject to the operating limits for pressure drop and scrubber water flow rate in § 63.9890(b), you must demonstrate continuous compliance according to the... according to § 63.9921(b); and (2) Maintaining the hourly average pressure drop and scrubber water flow rate...

  7. 40 CFR 63.9923 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emission limitations and work practice...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... to this subpart. (b) For each wet scrubber subject to the operating limits for pressure drop and scrubber water flow rate in § 63.9890(b), you must demonstrate continuous compliance according to the... according to § 63.9921(b); and (2) Maintaining the hourly average pressure drop and scrubber water flow rate...

  8. 40 CFR 63.9923 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emission limitations and work practice...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... to this subpart. (b) For each wet scrubber subject to the operating limits for pressure drop and scrubber water flow rate in § 63.9890(b), you must demonstrate continuous compliance according to the... according to § 63.9921(b); and (2) Maintaining the hourly average pressure drop and scrubber water flow rate...

  9. 40 CFR 63.9923 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emission limitations and work practice...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... to this subpart. (b) For each wet scrubber subject to the operating limits for pressure drop and scrubber water flow rate in § 63.9890(b), you must demonstrate continuous compliance according to the... according to § 63.9921(b); and (2) Maintaining the hourly average pressure drop and scrubber water flow rate...

  10. 40 CFR 63.9923 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emission limitations and work practice...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... to this subpart. (b) For each wet scrubber subject to the operating limits for pressure drop and scrubber water flow rate in § 63.9890(b), you must demonstrate continuous compliance according to the... according to § 63.9921(b); and (2) Maintaining the hourly average pressure drop and scrubber water flow rate...

  11. 40 CFR 63.7925 - What emissions limitations and work practice standards must I meet for closed vent systems and...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL... Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Site Remediation Closed Vent Systems and Control Devices § 63.7925...

  12. 40 CFR 63.7925 - What emissions limitations and work practice standards must I meet for closed vent systems and...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL... Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Site Remediation Closed Vent Systems and Control Devices § 63.7925...

  13. Sensitivity analysis of ozone formation and transport for a central California air pollution episode.

    PubMed

    Jin, Ling; Tonse, Shaheen; Cohan, Daniel S; Mao, Xiaoling; Harley, Robert A; Brown, Nancy J

    2008-05-15

    We developed a first- and second-order sensitivity analysis approach with the decoupled direct method to examine spatial and temporal variations of ozone-limiting reagents and the importance of local vs upwind emission sources in the San Joaquin Valley of central California for a 5 day ozone episode (Jul 29th to Aug 3rd, 2000). Despite considerable spatial variations, nitrogen oxides (NO(x)) emission reductions are overall more effective than volatile organic compound (VOC) control for attaining the 8 h ozone standard in this region for this episode, in contrast to the VOC control that works better for attaining the prior 1 h ozone standard. Interbasin source contributions of NO(x) emissions are limited to the northern part of the SJV, while anthropogenic VOC (AVOC) emissions, especially those emitted at night, influence ozone formation in the SJV further downwind. Among model input parameters studied here, uncertainties in emissions of NO(x) and AVOC, and the rate coefficient of the OH + NO2 termination reaction, have the greatest effect on first-order ozone responses to changes in NO(x) emissions. Uncertainties in biogenic VOC emissions only have a modest effect because they are generally not collocated with anthropogenic sources in this region.

  14. Legal regulations of restrictions of air pollution made by non-road mobile machinery-the case study for Europe: a review.

    PubMed

    Waluś, Konrad J; Warguła, Łukasz; Krawiec, Piotr; Adamiec, Jarosław M

    2018-02-01

    The high awareness of intensification and frequency of smog phenomenon all over the world in XXI age makes for detailed analyses of the reasons of its formation and prevention. The governments of the developed countries and conscious of real hazards, including many European countries, aim to restrict the emission of harmful gases. In literature, we can find the discussions on the influence of this phenomenon on the health and life of inhabitants of contaminated areas. Some elaborations of prognostic models, descriptions of pollution sources, the manner of their restriction, and the analysis of causal-consecutive correlation are also popular. The influence of pollutions resulting from the operation of vehicles, planes, and the industry are well described. However, every machine and device which is driven with a combustion engine has the effect on the general level of anthropogenic pollutions. These drives are subject of different regulations limiting their emission for service conditions and applications. One of the groups of such machines described in European and American regulations is non-road mobile machinery. The aim of this paper is the presentation of the problem of weak analysis and application of engineering and technological tools for machinery drive emission, despite of many publications on hazards and problems of emission. These machines have the influence on both the increase of global contamination and the machine users. The regulations of the European Union take into consideration the generated hazards and restrict the emission of machine exhaust gases by approval tests-these regulations are continually improved, and the effects of these works are new emission limits in 2019. However, these activities seem to be liberal as opposed to limits of the emission for passenger and goods vehicles where the technological development of the construction is greater and the regulations are the most rigorous. During the analysis of the development of non-road mobile machinery in the correlation with automotive vehicles, we can indicate engineering and technological solutions which are limiting the emission of non-road mobile machinery, but which are not applied. Due to liberal regulations for this group of machinery, the producers do not apply innovative solutions which can be found in road vehicles. The paper presents the synthetic review of existing EU regulations concerning limits of the emission of harmful exhaust gases which are generated by spark-ignition combustion engines of non-road mobile machinery. The authors show the divergences between the limits of the emission of harmful exhaust gases generated by road vehicles and non-road mobile machinery (boats and railway engines are not taken into account). The authors present the directions of the development of the combustion process control and systems limiting the emission of harmful exhaust gases. High innovative automotive industry was indicated as the direction of the development for limiting the influence of the emission on the environment by non-road mobile machinery.

  15. Accreting, highly magnetized neutron stars at the Eddington limit: a study of the 2016 outburst of SMC X-3

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Koliopanos, Filippos; Vasilopoulos, Georgios

    2018-06-01

    Aims: We study the temporal and spectral characteristics of SMC X-3 during its recent (2016) outburst to probe accretion onto highly magnetized neutron stars (NSs) at the Eddington limit. Methods: We obtained XMM-Newton observations of SMC X-3 and combined them with long-term observations by Swift. We performed a detailed analysis of the temporal and spectral behavior of the source, as well as its short- and long-term evolution. We have also constructed a simple toy-model (based on robust theoretical predictions) in order to gain insight into the complex emission pattern of SMC X-3. Results: We confirm the pulse period of the system that has been derived by previous works and note that the pulse has a complex three-peak shape. We find that the pulsed emission is dominated by hard photons, while at energies below 1 keV, the emission does not pulsate. We furthermore find that the shape of the pulse profile and the short- and long-term evolution of the source light-curve can be explained by invoking a combination of a "fan" and a "polar" beam. The results of our temporal study are supported by our spectroscopic analysis, which reveals a two-component emission, comprised of a hard power law and a soft thermal component. We find that the latter produces the bulk of the non-pulsating emission and is most likely the result of reprocessing the primary hard emission by optically thick material that partly obscures the central source. We also detect strong emission lines from highly ionized metals. The strength of the emission lines strongly depends on the phase. Conclusions: Our findings are in agreement with previous works. The energy and temporal evolution as well as the shape of the pulse profile and the long-term spectra evolution of the source are consistent with the expected emission pattern of the accretion column in the super-critical regime, while the large reprocessing region is consistent with the analysis of previously studied X-ray pulsars observed at high accretion rates. This reprocessing region is consistent with recently proposed theoretical and observational works that suggested that highly magnetized NSs occupy a considerable fraction of ultraluminous X-ray sources.

  16. A comparison of CH4, N2O and CO2 emissions from three different cover types in a municipal solid waste landfill.

    PubMed

    Wang, Xiaojun; Jia, Mingsheng; Lin, Xiangyu; Xu, Ying; Ye, Xin; Kao, Chih Ming; Chen, Shaohua

    2017-04-01

    High-density polyethylene (HDPE) membranes are commonly used as a cover component in sanitary landfills, although only limited evaluations of its effect on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have been completed. In this study, field GHG emission were investigated at the Dongbu landfill, using three different cover systems: HDPE covering; no covering, on the working face; and a novel material-Oreezyme Waste Cover (OWC) material as a trial material. Results showed that the HDPE membrane achieved a high CH 4 retention, 99.8% (CH 4 mean flux of 12 mg C m -2 h -1 ) compared with the air-permeable OWC surface (CH4 mean flux of 5933 mg C m -2 h -1 ) of the same landfill age. Fresh waste at the working face emitted a large fraction of N 2 O, with average fluxes of 10 mg N m -2 h -2 , while N 2 O emissions were small at both the HDPE and the OWC sections. At the OWC section, CH 4 emissions were elevated under high air temperatures but decreased as landfill age increased. N 2 O emissions from the working face had a significant negative correlation with air temperature, with peak values in winter. A massive presence of CO 2 was observed at both the working face and the OWC sections. Most importantly, the annual GHG emissions were 4.9 Gg yr -1 in CO 2 equivalents for the landfill site, of which the OWC-covered section contributed the most CH 4 (41.9%), while the working face contributed the most N 2 O (97.2%). HDPE membrane is therefore, a recommended cover material for GHG control. Monitoring of GHG emissions at three different cover types in a municipal solid waste landfill during a 1-year period showed that the working face was a hotspot of N 2 O, which should draw attention. High CH 4 fluxes occurred on the permeable surface covering a 1- to 2-year-old landfill. In contrast, the high-density polyethylene (HDPE) membrane achieved high CH 4 retention, and therefore is a recommended cover material for GHG control.

  17. 40 CFR 63.3490 - What emission limits must I meet?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... emissions to the atmosphere to no more than the emission limit(s) in Table 1 to this subpart that apply to... the atmosphere to no more than the limit(s) in Table 3 to this subpart, determined according to the... emissions to the atmosphere to no more than the emission limit(s) in Table 2 to this subpart that apply to...

  18. 40 CFR 63.3490 - What emission limits must I meet?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... emissions to the atmosphere to no more than the emission limit(s) in Table 1 to this subpart that apply to... the atmosphere to no more than the limit(s) in Table 3 to this subpart, determined according to the... emissions to the atmosphere to no more than the emission limit(s) in Table 2 to this subpart that apply to...

  19. The history, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity of carbon-based fuels and their emissions. Part 3: diesel and gasoline.

    PubMed

    Claxton, Larry D

    2015-01-01

    Within this review the genotoxicity of diesel and gasoline fuels and emissions is placed in an historical context. New technologies have changed the composition of transportation methods considerably, reducing emissions of many of the components of health concern. The similarity of modern diesel and gasoline fuels and emissions to other carbonaceous fuels and emissions is striking. Recently an International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Working Group concluded that there was sufficient evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of diesel exhaust (Group 1). In addition, the Working Group found that diesel exhaust has "a positive association (limited evidence) with an increased risk of bladder cancer." Like most other carbonaceous fuel emissions, diesel and gasoline exhausts contain toxic levels of respirable particles (PM <2.5μm) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. However, the level of toxic components in exhausts from diesel and gasoline emissions has declined in certain regions over time because of changes in engine design, the development of better aftertreatment devices (e.g., catalysts), increased fuel economy, changes in the fuels and additives used, and greater regulation. Additional research and better exposure assessments are needed so that decision makers and the public can decide to what extent diesel and gasoline engines should be replaced. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  20. 40 CFR 63.2346 - What emission limitations, operating limits, and work practice standards must I meet?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... cargo tanks and 49 CFR 173.31 for tank cars. (iii) Organic liquids must only be unloaded from cargo... system. (iv) No pressure relief device on the storage tank, or on the cargo tank or tank car, shall open... shall comply with the recordkeeping requirements of § 63.181(d)(1) through (4). (vi) Cargo tanks and...

  1. 40 CFR 63.2346 - What emission limitations, operating limits, and work practice standards must I meet?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Department of Transportation (U.S. DOT) pressure test requirements of 49 CFR part 180 for cargo tanks and 49 CFR 173.31 for tank cars. (iii) Organic liquids must only be unloaded from cargo tanks or tank cars... pressure relief device on the storage tank, or on the cargo tank or tank car, shall open during loading or...

  2. 40 CFR 63.2346 - What emission limitations, operating limits, and work practice standards must I meet?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Department of Transportation (U.S. DOT) pressure test requirements of 49 CFR part 180 for cargo tanks and 49 CFR 173.31 for tank cars. (iii) Organic liquids must only be unloaded from cargo tanks or tank cars... pressure relief device on the storage tank, or on the cargo tank or tank car, shall open during loading or...

  3. 40 CFR 63.2346 - What emission limitations, operating limits, and work practice standards must I meet?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... cargo tanks and 49 CFR 173.31 for tank cars. (iii) Organic liquids must only be unloaded from cargo... system. (iv) No pressure relief device on the storage tank, or on the cargo tank or tank car, shall open... shall comply with the recordkeeping requirements of § 63.181(d)(1) through (4). (vi) Cargo tanks and...

  4. 40 CFR 63.2346 - What emission limitations, operating limits, and work practice standards must I meet?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... cargo tanks and 49 CFR 173.31 for tank cars. (iii) Organic liquids must only be unloaded from cargo... system. (iv) No pressure relief device on the storage tank, or on the cargo tank or tank car, shall open... shall comply with the recordkeeping requirements of § 63.181(d)(1) through (4). (vi) Cargo tanks and...

  5. 40 CFR 63.7540 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emission limits and work practice standards?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... listed in Tables 2 through 4 to this subpart at all times except during periods of startup, shutdown and... operating limits. (2) You must keep records of the type and amount of all fuels burned in each boiler or process heater during the reporting period to demonstrate that all fuel types and mixtures of fuels burned...

  6. 40 CFR 63.7540 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emission limits and work practice standards?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... listed in Tables 2 through 4 to this subpart at all times except during periods of startup, shutdown and... operating limits. (2) You must keep records of the type and amount of all fuels burned in each boiler or process heater during the reporting period to demonstrate that all fuel types and mixtures of fuels burned...

  7. 40 CFR 63.7540 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emission limits and work practice standards?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... listed in Tables 2 through 4 to this subpart at all times except during periods of startup, shutdown and... operating limits. (2) You must keep records of the type and amount of all fuels burned in each boiler or process heater during the reporting period to demonstrate that all fuel types and mixtures of fuels burned...

  8. Continuous all-optical deceleration of molecular beams

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Jayich, Andrew; Chen, Gary; Long, Xueping; Wang, Anna; Campbell, Wesley

    2014-05-01

    A significant impediment to generating ultracold molecules is slowing a molecular beam to velocities where the molecules can be cooled and trapped. We report on progress toward addressing this issue with a general optical deceleration technique for molecular and atomic beams. We propose addressing the molecular beam with a pump and dump pulse sequence from a mode-locked laser. The pump pulse counter-propagates with respect to the beam and drives the molecules to the excited state. The dump pulse co-propagates and stimulates emission, driving the molecules back to the ground state. This cycle transfers 2 ℏk of momentum and can generate very large optical forces, not limited by the spontaneous emission lifetime of the molecule or atom. Importantly, avoiding spontaneous emission limits the branching to dark states. This technique can later be augmented with cooling and trapping. We are working towards demonstrating this optical force by accelerating a cold atomic sample.

  9. 40 CFR 63.7880 - What is the purpose of this subpart?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ...? 63.7880 Section 63.7880 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR... (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Site Remediation What This Subpart... limitations and work practice standards for hazardous air pollutants (HAP) emitted from site remediation...

  10. 40 CFR 63.7880 - What is the purpose of this subpart?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ...? 63.7880 Section 63.7880 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR... (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Site Remediation What This Subpart... limitations and work practice standards for hazardous air pollutants (HAP) emitted from site remediation...

  11. 40 CFR 63.7880 - What is the purpose of this subpart?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ...? 63.7880 Section 63.7880 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR... (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Site Remediation What This Subpart... limitations and work practice standards for hazardous air pollutants (HAP) emitted from site remediation...

  12. Dust from mineral extraction: regulation of emissions in England

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Marker, Brian

    2013-04-01

    The United Kingdom, which includes England, has fairly high levels of rainfall but sporadic droughts occur especially in the east. Mineral working gives rise to dust. Concerns about dust soiling are major source of public objections to new minerals extraction operations. Dust emissions from mineral workings are a significant cause of public concern in the United Kingdom and are recognised as sources of health concerns and nuisance. Emissions are controlled through a number of complementary sets of regulations that are generally well observed by the industry and well enforced by the relevant public authorities. comprehensive system of regulation, based on European and national law, to deal with all aspects of these operations including pollution control, planning, occupational health and safety and statutory nuisances. Most minerals applications are subject to EIA which forms that basis for planning and environmental conditions and monitoring of operations. There are limit values on PM10 and PM2.5 in air, and for potentially harmful elements (PHEs) in soils and water, derived from European regulations but, as yet, no limit values for PHEs (other than radioactive materials) in air. Stakeholder engagement is encouraged so that members of the public can express concerns during minerals operations and operators can quickly deal with these. While some effects inevitably remain, the levels of dust emissions are kept low through good site design and management, proper use of machinery which is equipped to minimise emissions, and good training of the workforce. Operational sites are required to have dust monitoring equipment located outside the site boundary so that any emerging problems can be detected and addressed quickly.

  13. Excitation-scanning hyperspectral imaging microscope

    PubMed Central

    Favreau, Peter F.; Hernandez, Clarissa; Heaster, Tiffany; Alvarez, Diego F.; Rich, Thomas C.; Prabhat, Prashant; Leavesley, Silas J.

    2014-01-01

    Abstract. Hyperspectral imaging is a versatile tool that has recently been applied to a variety of biomedical applications, notably live-cell and whole-tissue signaling. Traditional hyperspectral imaging approaches filter the fluorescence emission over a broad wavelength range while exciting at a single band. However, these emission-scanning approaches have shown reduced sensitivity due to light attenuation from spectral filtering. Consequently, emission scanning has limited applicability for time-sensitive studies and photosensitive applications. In this work, we have developed an excitation-scanning hyperspectral imaging microscope that overcomes these limitations by providing high transmission with short acquisition times. This is achieved by filtering the fluorescence excitation rather than the emission. We tested the efficacy of the excitation-scanning microscope in a side-by-side comparison with emission scanning for detection of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing endothelial cells in highly autofluorescent lung tissue. Excitation scanning provided higher signal-to-noise characteristics, as well as shorter acquisition times (300  ms/wavelength band with excitation scanning versus 3  s/wavelength band with emission scanning). Excitation scanning also provided higher delineation of nuclear and cell borders, and increased identification of GFP regions in highly autofluorescent tissue. These results demonstrate excitation scanning has utility in a wide range of time-dependent and photosensitive applications. PMID:24727909

  14. Excitation-scanning hyperspectral imaging microscope.

    PubMed

    Favreau, Peter F; Hernandez, Clarissa; Heaster, Tiffany; Alvarez, Diego F; Rich, Thomas C; Prabhat, Prashant; Leavesley, Silas J

    2014-04-01

    Hyperspectral imaging is a versatile tool that has recently been applied to a variety of biomedical applications, notably live-cell and whole-tissue signaling. Traditional hyperspectral imaging approaches filter the fluorescence emission over a broad wavelength range while exciting at a single band. However, these emission-scanning approaches have shown reduced sensitivity due to light attenuation from spectral filtering. Consequently, emission scanning has limited applicability for time-sensitive studies and photosensitive applications. In this work, we have developed an excitation-scanning hyperspectral imaging microscope that overcomes these limitations by providing high transmission with short acquisition times. This is achieved by filtering the fluorescence excitation rather than the emission. We tested the efficacy of the excitation-scanning microscope in a side-by-side comparison with emission scanning for detection of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing endothelial cells in highly autofluorescent lung tissue. Excitation scanning provided higher signal-to-noise characteristics, as well as shorter acquisition times (300  ms/wavelength band with excitation scanning versus 3  s/wavelength band with emission scanning). Excitation scanning also provided higher delineation of nuclear and cell borders, and increased identification of GFP regions in highly autofluorescent tissue. These results demonstrate excitation scanning has utility in a wide range of time-dependent and photosensitive applications.

  15. America's Climate Choices: Limiting the Magnitude of Future Climate Change (Invited)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Carlson, A.; Fri, R.; Brown, M.; Geller, L.

    2010-12-01

    At the request of Congress, the National Academy of Sciences convened a series of coordinated activities to provide advice on actions and strategies the nation can take to respond to climate change. This suite of activities included a study on strategies for limiting the magnitude of future climate change (i.e. mitigation). Limiting climate change is a global effort that will require significant reductions of greenhouse gas emissions by countries around the world. U.S. action alone is not sufficient, but it is clearly necessary for the U.S. to make significant contributions to the global effort. While efforts to limit climate change are already underway across the U.S. (by state and local governments, businesses, non-governmental organizations, and individual households), we currently lack a framework of federal policies to help assure that all key actors participating and working towards coherent national goals. This study recommends a U.S. policy goal stated as a budget for cumulative greenhouse gas emissions through the year 2050, and offers an illustrative range of budget numbers derived from recent work of the Energy Modeling Forum. The report evaluates the types of changes to our nation's energy system that are needed to meet a budget in the proposed range, which leads to a conclusion that the U.S. must get started now in aggressively pursuing available emission reduction opportunities, while also investing heavily in R&D to create new emission reduction opportunities. The study offers a series of recommendations for how to move ahead in pursing these near-term and longer-term opportunities. The recommendations address the need for a carbon pricing system and strategically-targeted complimentary policies, for effective international engagement, for careful balancing of federal with state/local action, and for consideration of equity and employment impacts of response policies. The study also discusses the need to design policies that are both durable over the long-term, and have the capacity to evolve in response to new scientific, technological, and economic developments.

  16. Cesium vapor thermionic converter anomalies arising from negative ion emission

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Rasor, Ned S., E-mail: ned.rasor@gmail.com

    2016-08-14

    Compelling experimental evidence is given that a longstanding limit encountered on cesium vapor thermionic energy converter performance improvement and other anomalies arise from thermionic emission of cesium negative ions. It is shown that the energy that characterizes thermionic emission of cesium negative ions is 1.38 eV and, understandably, is not the electron affinity 0.47 eV determined for the photodetachment threshold of the cesium negative ion. The experimental evidence includes measurements of collector work functions and volt-ampere characteristics in quasi-vacuum cesium vapor thermionic diodes, along with reinterpretation of the classic Taylor-Langmuir S-curve data on electron emission in cesium vapor. The quantitative effects ofmore » negative ion emission on performance in the ignited, unignited, and quasi-vacuum modes of cesium vapor thermionic converter operation are estimated.« less

  17. 40 CFR 63.7926 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limitations and work practice standards...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... subpart or TOC (minus methane and ethane) from the control device, measured or determined according to the... of this subpart or TOC (minus methane and ethane) from the combustion control device, measured by a...

  18. Relating xylem cavitation to gas exchange in cotton

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    Acoustic emissions (AEs) from xylem cavitation events are characteristic of transpiration processes. Though a body of work using AE exists with a large number of species, cotton and other agronomically important crops have either not been investigated, or limited information exists. The objective of...

  19. Smoke and Emissions Model Intercomparison Project (SEMIP)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Larkin, N. K.; Raffuse, S.; Strand, T.; Solomon, R.; Sullivan, D.; Wheeler, N.

    2008-12-01

    Fire emissions and smoke impacts from wildland fire are a growing concern due to increasing fire season severity, dwindling tolerance of smoke by the public, tightening air quality regulations, and their role in climate change issues. Unfortunately, while a number of models and modeling system solutions are available to address these issues, the lack of quantitative information on the limitations and difference between smoke and emissions models impedes the use of these tools for real-world applications (JFSP, 2007). We describe a new, open-access project to directly address this issue, the open-access Smoke Emissions Model Intercomparison Project (SEMIP) and invite the community to participate. Preliminary work utilizing the modular BlueSky framework to directly compare fire location and size information, fuel loading amounts, fuel consumption rates, and fire emissions from a number of current models that has found model-to-model variability as high as two orders of magnitude for an individual fire. Fire emissions inventories also show significant variability on both regional and national scales that are dependant on the fire location information used (ground report vs. satellite), the fuel loading maps assumed, and the fire consumption models employed. SEMIP expands on this work and creates an open-access database of model results and observations with the goal of furthering model development and model prediction usability for real-world decision support.

  20. Recent results on celestial gamma radiation from SMM

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Share, Gerald H.

    1991-01-01

    Observations made by the Gamma Ray Spectrometer on board the SMM are described. Recent results reported include observations and analyses of gamma-ray lines from Co-56 produced in supernovae, observations of the temporal variation of the 511 keV line observed during Galactic center transits, and measurements of the diffuse Galactic spectrum from 0.3 to 8.5 MeV. The work in progress includes measurements of the distribution of Galactic Al-26, observations to place limits on Galactic Ti-44 and Fe-60 and on Be-7 produced in novae, and searches for a characteristic gamma-ray emission from pair plasmas, a 2.223 MeV line emission, limits on deexcitation lines from interstellar C and O, and gamma-ray bursts.

  1. Experimental Forecasts of Wildfire Pollution at the Canadian Meteorological Centre

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Pavlovic, Radenko; Beaulieu, Paul-Andre; Chen, Jack; Landry, Hugo; Cousineau, Sophie; Moran, Michael

    2016-04-01

    Environment and Climate Change Canada's Canadian Meteorological Centre Operations division (CMCO) has been running an experimental North American air quality forecast system with near-real-time wildfire emissions since 2014. This system, named FireWork, also takes anthropogenic and other natural emission sources into account. FireWork 48-hour forecasts are provided to CMCO forecasters and external partners in Canada and the U.S. twice daily during the wildfire season. This system has proven to be very useful in capturing short- and long-range smoke transport from wildfires over North America. Several upgrades to the FireWork system have been made since 2014 to accommodate the needs of operational AQ forecasters and to improve system performance. In this talk we will present performance statistics and some case studies for the 2014 and 2015 wildfire seasons. We will also describe current limitations of the FireWork system and ongoing and future work planned for this air quality forecast system.

  2. 40 CFR Table 2 to Subpart Ddddd of... - Operating Limits for Boilers and Process Heaters With Particulate Matter Emission Limits

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Process Heaters With Particulate Matter Emission Limits 2 Table 2 to Subpart DDDDD of Part 63 Protection... Heaters With Particulate Matter Emission Limits As stated in § 63.7500, you must comply with the applicable operating limits: If you demonstrate compliance with applicable particulate matter emission limits...

  3. 40 CFR Table 2 to Subpart Ddddd of... - Operating Limits for Boilers and Process Heaters With Particulate Matter Emission Limits

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Process Heaters With Particulate Matter Emission Limits 2 Table 2 to Subpart DDDDD of Part 63 Protection... Heaters With Particulate Matter Emission Limits As stated in § 63.7500, you must comply with the applicable operating limits: If you demonstrate compliance with applicable particulate matter emission limits...

  4. Deriving fuel-based emission factor thresholds to interpret heavy-duty vehicle roadside plume measurements.

    PubMed

    Quiros, David C; Smith, Jeremy D; Ham, Walter A; Robertson, William H; Huai, Tao; Ayala, Alberto; Hu, Shaohua

    2018-04-13

    Remote sensing devices have been used for decades to measure gaseous emissions from individual vehicles at the roadside. Systems have also been developed that entrain diluted exhaust and can also measure particulate matter (PM) emissions. In 2015, the California Air Resources Board (CARB) reported that 8% of in-field diesel particulate filters (DPF) on heavy-duty (HD) vehicles were malfunctioning and emitted about 70% of total diesel PM emissions from the DPF-equipped fleet. A new high-emitter problem in the heavy-duty vehicle fleet had emerged. Roadside exhaust plume measurements reflect a snapshot of real-world operation, typically lasting several seconds. In order to relate roadside plume measurements to laboratory emission tests, we analyzed carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), oxides of nitrogen (NO X ), and PM emissions collected from four HD vehicles during several driving cycles on a chassis dynamometer. We examined the fuel-based emission factors corresponding to possible exceedances of emission standards as a function of vehicle power. Our analysis suggests that a typical HD vehicle will exceed the model year (MY) 2010 emission standards (of 0.2 g NO X /bhp-hr and 0.01 g PM/bhp-hr) by three times when fuel-based emission factors are 9.3 g NO X /kg fuel and 0.11 g PM/kg using the roadside plume measurement approach. Reported limits correspond to 99% confidence levels, which were calculated using the detection uncertainty of emissions analyzers, accuracy of vehicle power calculations, and actual emissions variability of fixed operational parameters. The PM threshold was determined for acceleration events between 0.47 and 1.4 mph/sec only, and the NO X threshold was derived from measurements where aftertreatment temperature was above 200°C. Anticipating a growing interest in real-world driving emissions, widespread implementation of roadside exhaust plume measurements as a compliment to in-use vehicle programs may benefit from expanding this analysis to a larger sample of in-use HD vehicles. Implications Regulatory agencies, civil society, and the public at large have a growing interest in vehicle emission compliance in the real world. Leveraging roadside plume measurements to identify vehicles with malfunctioning emission control systems is emerging as a viable new and useful method to assess in-use performance. This work proposes fuel-based emission factor thresholds for PM and NOx that signify exceedances of emission standards on a work-specific basis by analyzing real-time emissions in the laboratory. These thresholds could be used to pre-screen vehicles before roadside enforcement inspection or other inquiry, enhance and further develop emission inventories, and potentially develop new requirements for heavy-duty inspection and maintenance (I/M) programs, including but not limited to identifying vehicles for further testing.

  5. Quantifying methane emissions from coal and natural gas sources along the northwestern Appalachian

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Barkley, Z.; Lauvaux, T.; Davis, K. J.; Fried, A.

    2017-12-01

    According to the EPA's 2012 gridded inventory (Maasakkers et al., 2016), more than 10% of all CH4 emissions in the U.S. are located along the western edge of the Appalachian with the majority of these emissions coming from natural gas infrastructure and coal mines. However, top-down studies of unconventional wells in southwestern Pennsylvania have found emission rates to be much higher than EPA estimates (Caulton et al., 2014, Ren et al., 2017). Furthermore, although 9 of the 10 largest sources of CH4 in the EPA Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program are coal mines located in this region, no top down studies have been performed to assess the accuracy of these enormous point sources. This study uses aircraft data from the ACT-America flight campaign in conjunction with techniques previously used to solve for CH4 emissions from the northeastern Marcellus (Barkley et al., 2017) to quantify the total CH4 flux from the western Pennsylvania/West Virginia region and constrain emissions from natural gas and coal with an upper limit for each source. We use the WRF-Chem mesoscale model at 3 km resolution to simulate CH4 enhancements from a customized emissions inventory and compare the modelled enhancements to observations from 7 flights that were downwind of coal and gas sources. Coal and natural gas emissions are adjusted in the model to minimize a cost function that accounts for the difference between the modelled and observed CH4 values, and a range of likely combinations for natural gas and coal emission rates are obtained for each flight. We then overlap this range of likely emission rates across all flights to further limit the range of possible emission rates. Influence functions created using a lagrangian particle dispersion model for segments of each flight provide information on what area emissions are being optimized for. Preliminary results find that CH4 emissions from gas and coal along the northwestern Appalachian are lower than EPA estimates by 20-50%. In particular, upper limits on CH4 emissions from unconventional natural gas are less than 1% of total production, significantly lower than previous top-down estimates in the region. Future work will use ethane data to better distinguish between coal and natural gas emissions, and expand these analyses to other study regions explored in the ACT-America aircraft campaign.

  6. Underestimation of terpene exposure in the Nordic wood industry.

    PubMed

    Granström, Karin M

    2010-03-01

    This study determined that emission of sesquiterpenes from processed wood warrants attention in the work environment. Currently, only the monoterpenes in the terpene group are monitored in occupational hygiene studies. Terpene emissions are a work environment issue for industries that process wood, as they are known to cause respiratory difficulties and mucous membrane irritation. Fresh sawdust of the most common boreal conifers, Norway spruce (Picea abies) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), was subjected to processing (drying), and the emissions were analyzed with a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer. The data indicate that workers are exposed to significant amounts of sesquiterpenes, an observation that has not been recorded previously at wood processing plants. On average, the proportion of sesquiterpenes to monoterpenes was 21 +/- 5% (STD, n = 11) for spruce and 15 +/- 5% (STD, n = 13) for pine. The composition of terpenes emitted in air from spruce wood differs from the composition in resin. The sum of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes can exceed the occupational exposure limit for turpentine for processes where monoterpene concentrations are already close to the occupational exposure limit, and for processes involving the processing of bark. Findings suggest that future studies of health effects from terpenes in air should measure monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes to assess whether the current OELs are appropriate.

  7. 40 CFR Table 3 to Subpart Ffff of... - Emission Limits for Hydrogen Halide and Halogen HAP Emissions or HAP Metals Emissions From...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 13 2013-07-01 2012-07-01 true Emission Limits for Hydrogen Halide and..., Table 3 Table 3 to Subpart FFFF of Part 63—Emission Limits for Hydrogen Halide and Halogen HAP Emissions... limit in the following table that applies to your process vents that contain hydrogen halide and halogen...

  8. Surfing Silicon Nanofacets for Cold Cathode Electron Emission Sites.

    PubMed

    Basu, Tanmoy; Kumar, Mohit; Saini, Mahesh; Ghatak, Jay; Satpati, Biswarup; Som, Tapobrata

    2017-11-08

    Point sources exhibit low threshold electron emission due to local field enhancement at the tip. In the case of silicon, however, the realization of tip emitters has been hampered by unwanted oxidation, limiting the number of emission sites and the overall current. In contrast to this, here, we report the fascinating low threshold (∼0.67 V μm -1 ) cold cathode electron emission from silicon nanofacets (Si-NFs). The ensembles of nanofacets fabricated at different time scales, under low energy ion impacts, yield tunable field emission with a Fowler-Nordheim tunneling field in the range of 0.67-4.75 V μm -1 . The local probe surface microscopy-based tunneling current mapping in conjunction with Kelvin probe force microscopy measurements revealed that the valleys and a part of the sidewalls of the nanofacets contribute more to the field emission process. The observed lowest turn-on field is attributed to the absence of native oxide on the sidewalls of the smallest facets as well as their lowest work function. In addition, first-principle density functional theory-based simulation revealed a crystal orientation-dependent work function of Si, which corroborates well with our experimental observations. The present study demonstrates a novel way to address the origin of the cold cathode electron emission sites from Si-NFs fabricated at room temperature. In principle, the present methodology can be extended to probe the cold cathode electron emission sites from any nanostructured material.

  9. 40 CFR Table 4 to Subpart Ddddd of... - Operating Limits for Boilers and Process Heaters With Hydrogen Chloride Emission Limits

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Process Heaters With Hydrogen Chloride Emission Limits 4 Table 4 to Subpart DDDDD of Part 63 Protection of... Heaters With Hydrogen Chloride Emission Limits As stated in § 63.7500, you must comply with the following applicable operating limits: If you demonstrate compliance with applicable hydrogen chloride emission limits...

  10. 40 CFR Table 4 to Subpart Ddddd of... - Operating Limits for Boilers and Process Heaters With Hydrogen Chloride Emission Limits

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... Process Heaters With Hydrogen Chloride Emission Limits 4 Table 4 to Subpart DDDDD of Part 63 Protection of... Heaters With Hydrogen Chloride Emission Limits As stated in § 63.7500, you must comply with the following applicable operating limits: If you demonstrate compliance with applicable hydrogen chloride emission limits...

  11. 40 CFR Table 4 to Subpart Ddddd of... - Operating Limits for Boilers and Process Heaters With Hydrogen Chloride Emission Limits

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Process Heaters With Hydrogen Chloride Emission Limits 4 Table 4 to Subpart DDDDD of Part 63 Protection of... Heaters With Hydrogen Chloride Emission Limits As stated in § 63.7500, you must comply with the following applicable operating limits: If you demonstrate compliance with applicable hydrogen chloride emission limits...

  12. 40 CFR 63.8818 - What reports must I submit and when?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... period. (4) If there are no deviations from any emission limitations (emission limit or operating limit) that applies to you, a statement that there were no deviations from the emission limitations during the reporting period. (5) For each deviation from an emission limitation that occurs, the compliance report must...

  13. Low-frequency radio constraints on the synchrotron cosmic web

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Vernstrom, T.; Gaensler, B. M.; Brown, S.; Lenc, E.; Norris, R. P.

    2017-06-01

    We present a search for the synchrotron emission from the synchrotron cosmic web by cross-correlating 180-MHz radio images from the Murchison Widefield Array with tracers of large-scale structure (LSS). We use two versions of the radio image covering 21.76° × 21.76° with point sources brighter than 0.05 Jy subtracted, with and without filtering of Galactic emission. As tracers of the LSS, we use the Two Micron All-Sky Survey and the Wide-field InfraRed Explorer redshift catalogues to produce galaxy number density maps. The cross-correlation functions all show peak amplitudes at 0°, decreasing with varying slopes towards zero correlation over a range of 1°. The cross-correlation signals include components from point source, Galactic, and extragalactic diffuse emission. We use models of the diffuse emission from smoothing the density maps with Gaussians of sizes 1-4 Mpc to find limits on the cosmic web components. From these models, we find surface brightness 99.7 per cent upper limits in the range of 0.09-2.20 mJy beam-1 (average beam size of 2.6 arcmin), corresponding to 0.01-0.30 mJy arcmin-2. Assuming equipartition between energy densities of cosmic rays and the magnetic field, the flux density limits translate to magnetic field strength limits of 0.03-1.98 μG, depending heavily on the spectral index. We conclude that for a 3σ detection of 0.1 μG magnetic field strengths via cross-correlations, image depths of sub-mJy to sub-μJy are necessary. We include discussion on the treatment and effect of extragalactic point sources and Galactic emission, and next steps for building on this work.

  14. 40 CFR Table 3 to Subpart Ffff of... - Emission Limits for Hydrogen Halide and Halogen HAP Emissions or HAP Metals Emissions From...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 12 2011-07-01 2009-07-01 true Emission Limits for Hydrogen Halide and... to Subpart FFFF of Part 63—Emission Limits for Hydrogen Halide and Halogen HAP Emissions or HAP... following table that applies to your process vents that contain hydrogen halide and halogen HAP emissions or...

  15. 40 CFR Table 3 to Subpart Ffff of... - Emission Limits for Hydrogen Halide and Halogen HAP Emissions or HAP Metals Emissions From...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 12 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Emission Limits for Hydrogen Halide and... to Subpart FFFF of Part 63—Emission Limits for Hydrogen Halide and Halogen HAP Emissions or HAP... following table that applies to your process vents that contain hydrogen halide and halogen HAP emissions or...

  16. 40 CFR 60.3033 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emission limitations and the operating limits?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... in § 60.3027. (b) You must continuously monitor carbon monoxide emissions to determine compliance... compliance with the emission limitations and the operating limits? 60.3033 Section 60.3033 Protection of... Requirements § 60.3033 How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emission limitations and the...

  17. 40 CFR 60.3033 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emission limitations and the operating limits?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... in § 60.3027. (b) You must continuously monitor carbon monoxide emissions to determine compliance... compliance with the emission limitations and the operating limits? 60.3033 Section 60.3033 Protection of... Requirements § 60.3033 How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emission limitations and the...

  18. 40 CFR 60.3033 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emission limitations and the operating limits?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... in § 60.3027. (b) You must continuously monitor carbon monoxide emissions to determine compliance... compliance with the emission limitations and the operating limits? 60.3033 Section 60.3033 Protection of... Requirements § 60.3033 How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emission limitations and the...

  19. 40 CFR 60.3033 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emission limitations and the operating limits?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... in § 60.3027. (b) You must continuously monitor carbon monoxide emissions to determine compliance... compliance with the emission limitations and the operating limits? 60.3033 Section 60.3033 Protection of... Requirements § 60.3033 How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emission limitations and the...

  20. 40 CFR 60.3033 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emission limitations and the operating limits?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... in § 60.3027. (b) You must continuously monitor carbon monoxide emissions to determine compliance... compliance with the emission limitations and the operating limits? 60.3033 Section 60.3033 Protection of... Requirements § 60.3033 How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emission limitations and the...

  1. 40 CFR 63.8684 - What emission limitations must I meet?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Asphalt Processing and Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing Emission Limitations § 63.8684 What emission limitations must I meet? (a) You must meet each...

  2. 40 CFR 61.353 - Alternative means of emission limitation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... for Benzene Waste Operations § 61.353 Alternative means of emission limitation. (a) If, in the Administrator's judgment, an alternative means of emission limitation will achieve a reduction in benzene emissions at least equivalent to the reduction in benzene emissions from the source achieved by the...

  3. Exploring the Accretion Model of M87 and 3C 84 with the Faraday Rotation Measure Observations

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Li, Ya-Ping; Yuan, Feng; Xie, Fu-Guo

    2016-10-01

    Low-luminosity active galactic nuclei (LLAGNs) are believed to be powered by an accretion-jet model, consisting of an inner advection-dominated accretion flow (ADAF), an outer truncated standard thin disk, and a jet; however, model degeneracy still exists in this framework. For example, the X-ray emission can originate from either the ADAF or the jet. The aim of the present work is to check these models with the Faraday rotation measure (RM) observations recently detected for two LLAGNs, M87 and 3C 84, in the sub-mm band. For M87, we find that the RM predicted by the model in which the X-ray emission originates from the ADAF is larger than the observed upper limit of RM by over two orders of magnitude, while the model in which the X-ray emission originates from the jet predicts a RM lower than the observed upper limit. For 3C 84, the sub-mm emission is found to be dominated by the jet component, while the Faraday screen is attributed to the ADAFs. This scenario can naturally explain the observed external origin of the RM and why the RM is found to be stable during a two-year interval although the sub-mm emission increases at the same period.

  4. Gaseous emissions from waste combustion.

    PubMed

    Werther, Joachim

    2007-06-18

    An overview is given on methods and technologies for limiting the gaseous emissions from waste combustion. With the guideline 2000/76/EC recent European legislation has set stringent limits not only for the mono-combustion of waste in specialized incineration plants but also for co-combustion in coal-fired power plants. With increased awareness of environmental issues and stepwise decrease of emission limits and inclusion of more and more substances into the network of regulations a multitude of emission abatement methods and technologies have been developed over the last decades. The result is the state-of-the-art waste incinerator with a number of specialized process steps for the individual components in the flue gas. The present work highlights some new developments which can be summarized under the common goal of reducing the costs of flue gas treatment by applying systems which combine the treatment of several noxious substances in one reactor or by taking new, simpler routes instead of the previously used complicated ones or - in the case of flue gas desulphurisation - by reducing the amount of limestone consumption. Cost reduction is also the driving force for new processes of conditioning of nonhomogenous waste before combustion. Pyrolysis or gasification is used for chemical conditioning whereas physical conditioning means comminution, classification and sorting processes. Conditioning yields a fuel which can be used in power plants either as a co-fuel or a mono-fuel and which will burn there under much better controlled conditions and therefore with less emissions than the nonhomogeneous waste in a conventional waste incinerator. Also for cost reasons, co-combustion of wastes in coal-fired power stations is strongly pressing into the market. Recent investigations reveal that the co-firing of waste can also have beneficial effects on the operating behavior of the boiler and on the gaseous emissions.

  5. Searching the Nearest Stars for Exoplanetary Radio Emission: VLA and LOFAR Observations

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Knapp, Mary; Winterhalter, Daniel; Lazio, Joseph

    2016-10-01

    Six of the eight solar system planets and one moon (Ganymede) exhibit present-day dynamo magnetic fields. To date, however, there are no conclusive detections of exoplanetary magnetic fields. Low frequency radio emission via the cyclotron maser instability (CMI) from interactions between a planet and the solar/stellar wind is the most direct means of detecting and characterizing planetary/exoplanetary magnetic fields. We have undertaken a survey of the very nearest stars in low frequency radio (30 MHz - 4 GHz) in order to search for yet-undiscovered planets. The closest stars are chosen in order to reduce the attenuation of the magnetospheric radio signal by distance dilution, thereby increasing the chances of making a detection if a planet with a strong magnetic field is present. The VLA telescope (P-band: 230-470 MHz, L-band: 1-2 GHz, S-band: 2-4 GHz) and LOFAR telescope (LBA: 30-75 MHz) have been used to conduct this survey.This work focuses on VLA and LOFAR observations of an M-dwarf binary system: GJ 725. We present upper limits on radio flux as a function of frequency. Since the peak emission frequency of CMI-type emission is the local plasma frequency in the emission region, the peak frequency of planetary radio emission is a direct proxy for the magnetic field strength of the planet. Our spectral irradiance upper limits therefore represent upper limits on the magnetic field strengths of any planets in the GJ 725 system.Part of this research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

  6. 40 CFR 63.4690 - What emission limits must I meet?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... source, you must limit organic HAP emissions to the atmosphere to no more than the applicable emission... 63.4761. (b) For an existing affected source, you must limit organic HAP emissions to the atmosphere...

  7. Search for High-Energy Emission from GRBs with the ARGO-YBJ Detector

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Di Girolamo, T.

    2009-05-25

    ARGO-YBJ is a 'full coverage' air shower detector consisting of a 6700 m{sup 2} carpet of Resistive Plate Counters, located at Yangbajing (Tibet, P.R. China, 4300 m a.s.l). Its large field of view ({approx}2 sr, limited only by the atmospheric absorption) and high duty-cycle make ARGO-YBJ particularly suitable to detect unpredictable and short duration events such as GRBs. ARGO-YBJ works using two techniques: the 'Scaler Mode', which reaches the lower energy limit ({approx}1 GeV) of the detector, and the 'Shower Mode', with an energy threshold of a few hundreds of GeV. Here we present the results of the search formore » high-energy emission from GRBs in coincidence with satellite detections.« less

  8. 40 CFR Table 3 to Subpart Ffff of... - Emission Limits for Hydrogen Halide and Halogen HAP Emissions or HAP Metals Emissions From...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 13 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Emission Limits for Hydrogen Halide.... FFFF, Table 3 Table 3 to Subpart FFFF of Part 63—Emission Limits for Hydrogen Halide and Halogen HAP... limit in the following table that applies to your process vents that contain hydrogen halide and halogen...

  9. 40 CFR Table 3 to Subpart Ffff of... - Emission Limits for Hydrogen Halide and Halogen HAP Emissions or HAP Metals Emissions From...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 13 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Emission Limits for Hydrogen Halide.... FFFF, Table 3 Table 3 to Subpart FFFF of Part 63—Emission Limits for Hydrogen Halide and Halogen HAP... limit in the following table that applies to your process vents that contain hydrogen halide and halogen...

  10. Carbon dots based dual-emission silica nanoparticles as ratiometric fluorescent probe for nitrite determination in food samples.

    PubMed

    Xiang, Guoqiang; Wang, Yule; Zhang, Heng; Fan, Huanhuan; Fan, Lu; He, Lijun; Jiang, Xiuming; Zhao, Wenjie

    2018-09-15

    In this work, a simple and effective strategy for designing a ratiometric fluorescent nanosensor was described. A carbon dots (CDs) based dual-emission nanosensor for nitrite was prepared by coating the CDs on to dye-doped silica nanoparticles. Dual-emission silica nanoparticles fluorescence was quenched in sulfuric acid using potassium bromate (KBrO 3 ). The nitrite present catalyzed the KBrO 3 oxidation, resulting in ratiometric fluorescence response of the dual-emission silica nanoparticles. Several important parameters affecting the performance of the nanosensor were investigated. Under optimized conditions, the limit of detection was 1.0 ng mL -1 and the linear range 10-160 ng mL -1 . Furthermore, the sensor was suitable for nitrite determination in different food samples. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  11. Carbon-dot-based dual-emission silica nanoparticles as a ratiometric fluorescent probe for Bisphenol A

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Xiang, Guo-Qiang; Ren, Yue; Xia, Yin; Mao, Wenjie; Fan, Chao; Guo, Si-Yu; Wang, Pan-Pan; Yang, Deng-Hui; He, Lijun; Jiang, Xiuming

    2017-04-01

    A simple and effective strategy for designing a ratiometric fluorescent nanosensor is described in this work. A carbon dots (CDs) based dual-emission nanosensor for Bisphenol A (BPA) was prepared by coating CDs on the surface of dye-doped silica nanoparticles. The fluorescence of dual-emission silica nanoparticles was quenched in hydrochloric acid by potassium bromate (KBrO3) oxidation; BPA inhibited KBrO3 oxidation, resulting in the ratiometric fluorescence response of dual-emission silica nanoparticles. Several important parameters affecting the performance of the nanosensor were investigated and optimized. The detection limit of this nanosensor was 0.80 ng mL- 1 with a linear range from 10 to 500 ng mL- 1. This was applied successfully to determine BPA in the leached solution of different plastic products with satisfactory results.

  12. 47 CFR 80.211 - Emission limitations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Emission limitations. 80.211 Section 80.211... MARITIME SERVICES General Technical Standards § 80.211 Emission limitations. The emissions must be attenuated according to the following schedule. (a) The mean power when using emissions H3E, J3E and R3E: (1...

  13. Utilization of optical emission endpoint in photomask dry etch processing

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Faure, Thomas B.; Huynh, Cuc; Lercel, Michael J.; Smith, Adam; Wagner, Thomas

    2002-03-01

    Use of accurate and repeatable endpoint detection during dry etch processing of photomask is very important for obtaining good mask mean-to-target and CD uniformity performance. It was found that the typical laser reflectivity endpoint detecting system used on photomask dry etch systems had several key limitations that caused unnecessary scrap and non-optimum image size performance. Consequently, work to develop and implement use of a more robust optical emission endpoint detection system for chrome dry etch processing of photomask was performed. Initial feasibility studies showed that the emission technique was sensitive enough to monitor pattern loadings on contact and via level masks down to 3 percent pattern coverage. Additional work was performed to further improve this to 1 percent pattern coverage by optimizing the endpoint detection parameters. Comparison studies of mask mean-to-target performance and CD uniformity were performed with the use of optical emission endpoint versus laser endpoint for masks built using TOK IP3600 and ZEP 7000 resist systems. It was found that an improvement in mean-to-target performance and CD uniformity was realized on several types of production masks. In addition, part-to-part endpoint time repeatability was found to be significantly improved with the use of optical emission endpoint.

  14. 40 CFR 60.2780 - What must I include in the deviation report?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... from the emission limitations or operating limit requirements. (b) The averaged and recorded data for those dates. (c) Duration and causes of each deviation from the emission limitations or operating limits... deviated from the emission limitations or operating limits specified in this subpart, include the six items...

  15. Stochastic optimal generation bid to electricity markets with emissions risk constraints.

    PubMed

    Heredia, F-Javier; Cifuentes-Rubiano, Julián; Corchero, Cristina

    2018-02-01

    There are many factors that influence the day-ahead market bidding strategies of a generation company (GenCo) within the framework of the current energy market. Environmental policy issues are giving rise to emission limitation that are becoming more and more important for fossil-fueled power plants, and these must be considered in their management. This work investigates the influence of the emissions reduction plan and the incorporation of the medium-term derivative commitments in the optimal generation bidding strategy for the day-ahead electricity market. Two different technologies have been considered: the high-emission technology of thermal coal units and the low-emission technology of combined cycle gas turbine units. The Iberian Electricity Market (MIBEL) and the Spanish National Emissions Reduction Plan (NERP) defines the environmental framework for dealing with the day-ahead market bidding strategies. To address emission limitations, we have extended some of the standard risk management methodologies developed for financial markets, such as Value-at-Risk (VaR) and Conditional Value-at-Risk (CVaR), thus leading to the new concept of Conditional Emission at Risk (CEaR). This study offers electricity generation utilities a mathematical model for determining the unit's optimal generation bid to the wholesale electricity market such that it maximizes the long-term profits of the utility while allowing it to abide by the Iberian Electricity Market rules as well as the environmental restrictions set by the Spanish National Emissions Reduction Plan. We analyze the economic implications for a GenCo that includes the environmental restrictions of this National Plan as well as the NERP's effects on the expected profits and the optimal generation bid. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  16. Spatially resolved air-water emissions tradeoffs improve regulatory impact analyses for electricity generation.

    PubMed

    Gingerich, Daniel B; Sun, Xiaodi; Behrer, A Patrick; Azevedo, Inês L; Mauter, Meagan S

    2017-02-21

    Coal-fired power plants (CFPPs) generate air, water, and solids emissions that impose substantial human health, environmental, and climate change (HEC) damages. This work demonstrates the importance of accounting for cross-media emissions tradeoffs, plant and regional emissions factors, and spatially variation in the marginal damages of air emissions when performing regulatory impact analyses for electric power generation. As a case study, we assess the benefits and costs of treating wet flue gas desulfurization (FGD) wastewater at US CFPPs using the two best available treatment technology options specified in the 2015 Effluent Limitation Guidelines (ELGs). We perform a life-cycle inventory of electricity and chemical inputs to FGD wastewater treatment processes and quantify the marginal HEC damages of associated air emissions. We combine these spatially resolved damage estimates with Environmental Protection Agency estimates of water quality benefits, fuel-switching benefits, and regulatory compliance costs. We estimate that the ELGs will impose average net costs of $3.01 per cubic meter for chemical precipitation and biological wastewater treatment and $11.26 per cubic meter for zero-liquid discharge wastewater treatment (expected cost-benefit ratios of 1.8 and 1.7, respectively), with damages concentrated in regions containing a high fraction of coal generation or a large chemical manufacturing industry. Findings of net cost for FGD wastewater treatment are robust to uncertainty in auxiliary power source, location of chemical manufacturing, and binding air emissions limits in noncompliant regions, among other variables. Future regulatory design will minimize compliance costs and HEC tradeoffs by regulating air, water, and solids emissions simultaneously and performing regulatory assessments that account for spatial variation in emissions impacts.

  17. Spatially resolved air-water emissions tradeoffs improve regulatory impact analyses for electricity generation

    PubMed Central

    Gingerich, Daniel B.; Behrer, A. Patrick; Azevedo, Inês L.

    2017-01-01

    Coal-fired power plants (CFPPs) generate air, water, and solids emissions that impose substantial human health, environmental, and climate change (HEC) damages. This work demonstrates the importance of accounting for cross-media emissions tradeoffs, plant and regional emissions factors, and spatially variation in the marginal damages of air emissions when performing regulatory impact analyses for electric power generation. As a case study, we assess the benefits and costs of treating wet flue gas desulfurization (FGD) wastewater at US CFPPs using the two best available treatment technology options specified in the 2015 Effluent Limitation Guidelines (ELGs). We perform a life-cycle inventory of electricity and chemical inputs to FGD wastewater treatment processes and quantify the marginal HEC damages of associated air emissions. We combine these spatially resolved damage estimates with Environmental Protection Agency estimates of water quality benefits, fuel-switching benefits, and regulatory compliance costs. We estimate that the ELGs will impose average net costs of $3.01 per cubic meter for chemical precipitation and biological wastewater treatment and $11.26 per cubic meter for zero-liquid discharge wastewater treatment (expected cost-benefit ratios of 1.8 and 1.7, respectively), with damages concentrated in regions containing a high fraction of coal generation or a large chemical manufacturing industry. Findings of net cost for FGD wastewater treatment are robust to uncertainty in auxiliary power source, location of chemical manufacturing, and binding air emissions limits in noncompliant regions, among other variables. Future regulatory design will minimize compliance costs and HEC tradeoffs by regulating air, water, and solids emissions simultaneously and performing regulatory assessments that account for spatial variation in emissions impacts. PMID:28167772

  18. Unreported Emission Lines of Rb, Ce, La, Sr, Y, Zr, Pb and Se Detected Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Lepore, K. H.; Mackie, J.; Dyar, M. D.; Fassett, C. I.

    2017-01-01

    Information on emission lines for major and minor elements is readily available from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) as part of the Atomic Spectra Database. However, tabulated emission lines are scarce for some minor elements and the wavelength ranges presented on the NIST database are limited to those included in existing studies. Previous work concerning minor element calibration curves measured using laser-induced break-down spectroscopy found evidence of Zn emission lines that were not documented on the NIST database. In this study, rock powders were doped with Rb, Ce, La, Sr, Y, Zr, Pb and Se in concentrations ranging from 10 percent to 10 parts per million. The difference between normalized spectra collected on samples containing 10 percent dopant and those containing only 10 parts per million were used to identify all emission lines that can be detected using LIBS (Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy) in a ChemCam-like configuration at the Mount Holyoke College LIBS facility. These emission spectra provide evidence of many previously undocumented emission lines for the elements measured here.

  19. 40 CFR 63.5987 - What are my alternatives for meeting the emission limits for tire cord production affected sources?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... the emission limits for tire cord production affected sources? 63.5987 Section 63.5987 Protection of... Pollutants: Rubber Tire Manufacturing Emission Limits for Tire Cord Production Affected Sources § 63.5987 What are my alternatives for meeting the emission limits for tire cord production affected sources? You...

  20. 40 CFR Table 2 of Subpart Aaaaaaa... - Emission Limits for Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing (Coating) Operations

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    .... Coater-only production lines a. Limit PAH emissions to 0.0002 lb/ton of asphalt roofing product...-only production lines a. Limit PAH emissions to 0.0007 lb/ton of asphalt roofing product manufactured... saturator/coater production lines a. Limit PAH emissions to 0.0009 lb/ton of asphalt roofing product...

  1. 40 CFR Table 5 to Subpart Uuuu of... - Continuous Compliance With Emission Limits and Work Practice Standards

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... material balance that includes the pertinent data used to determine the percent reduction of total sulfide... material balance; and (3) complying with the continuous compliance requirements for closed-vent systems. 2... material balance that includes the pertinent data used to determine the percent reduction of toluene...

  2. 40 CFR Table 5 to Subpart Uuuu of... - Continuous Compliance With Emission Limits and Work Practice Standards

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... material balance that includes the pertinent data used to determine the percent reduction of total sulfide... material balance; and (3) complying with the continuous compliance requirements for closed-vent systems. 2... material balance that includes the pertinent data used to determine the percent reduction of toluene...

  3. 40 CFR 86.1829-01 - Durability and emission testing requirements; waivers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... under the provisions of § 86.1828-10(c) and (g). (4) Electric vehicles and fuel cell vehicles. For electric vehicles and fuel cell vehicles, manufacturers may provide a statement in the application for..., including, but not limited to, canister type, canister volume, canister working capacity, fuel tank volume...

  4. 40 CFR 63.3510 - What notifications must I submit?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... in § 63.9(h). (1) Company name and address. (2) Statement by a responsible official with that... which you conduct liquid-liquid material balances according to § 63.3541(i). (i) For each emission... those limits. (iv) A statement of whether or not you developed and implemented the work practice plan...

  5. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION OF CMAQ RESPONSE OF INORGANIC FINE PARTICULATE SPECIES OF EMISSIONS CHANGES

    EPA Science Inventory

    The Gas Ratio proposed by Spyros Pandis, which identifies whether the system is nitric acid or ammonia limited, is an indicator of the sensitivity of the inorganic system to changes in conditions. This indicator is investigated in this work to find out how well it can diagnose se...

  6. 40 CFR 63.7499 - What are the subcategories of boilers and process heaters?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 13 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What are the subcategories of boilers..., and Institutional Boilers and Process Heaters Emission Limits and Work Practice Standards § 63.7499 What are the subcategories of boilers and process heaters? The subcategories of boilers and process...

  7. 40 CFR 63.7898 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emissions limitations and work practice...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL... Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Site Remediation Tanks § 63.7898 How do I demonstrate continuous... maximum HAP vapor pressure determined according to the procedures in § 63.7944 for the remediation...

  8. 40 CFR 63.7896 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emissions limitations and work practice...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL... Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Site Remediation Tanks § 63.7896 How do I demonstrate initial...) for the tanks to be used for your site remediation. (2) You have determined, according to the...

  9. 40 CFR 63.7898 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emissions limitations and work practice...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL... Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Site Remediation Tanks § 63.7898 How do I demonstrate continuous... maximum HAP vapor pressure determined according to the procedures in § 63.7944 for the remediation...

  10. 40 CFR 63.7903 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emissions limitations and work practice...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL... Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Site Remediation Containers § 63.7903 How do I demonstrate... each type of container used for your site remediation and subject to § 63.7886(b)(1)(ii). (2) For...

  11. 40 CFR 63.7903 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emissions limitations and work practice...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL... Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Site Remediation Containers § 63.7903 How do I demonstrate... each type of container used for your site remediation and subject to § 63.7886(b)(1)(ii). (2) For...

  12. 40 CFR 63.7898 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emissions limitations and work practice...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL... Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Site Remediation Tanks § 63.7898 How do I demonstrate continuous... maximum HAP vapor pressure determined according to the procedures in § 63.7944 for the remediation...

  13. 40 CFR 63.7903 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emissions limitations and work practice...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL... Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Site Remediation Containers § 63.7903 How do I demonstrate... each type of container used for your site remediation and subject to § 63.7886(b)(1)(ii). (2) For...

  14. 40 CFR 63.7896 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emissions limitations and work practice...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL... Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Site Remediation Tanks § 63.7896 How do I demonstrate initial...) for the tanks to be used for your site remediation. (2) You have determined, according to the...

  15. 40 CFR 63.7896 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emissions limitations and work practice...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL... Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Site Remediation Tanks § 63.7896 How do I demonstrate initial...) for the tanks to be used for your site remediation. (2) You have determined, according to the...

  16. 40 CFR 63.7898 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emissions limitations and work practice...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL... Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Site Remediation Tanks § 63.7898 How do I demonstrate continuous... maximum HAP vapor pressure determined according to the procedures in § 63.7944 for the remediation...

  17. 40 CFR 63.7896 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emissions limitations and work practice...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL... Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Site Remediation Tanks § 63.7896 How do I demonstrate initial...) for the tanks to be used for your site remediation. (2) You have determined, according to the...

  18. 40 CFR 63.7903 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emissions limitations and work practice...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL... Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Site Remediation Containers § 63.7903 How do I demonstrate... each type of container used for your site remediation and subject to § 63.7886(b)(1)(ii). (2) For...

  19. 40 CFR 63.9040 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emission limitations and work practice...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... to you. This includes periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction. These instances are deviations... during a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction are not violations if you demonstrate to the... determine whether deviations that occur during a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction are violations...

  20. 40 CFR 63.2480 - What requirements must I meet for equipment leaks?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Manufacturing Emission Limits, Work Practice Standards, and Compliance Requirements § 63.2480 What requirements... reconfiguration of an equipment train if flexible hose connections are the only disturbed equipment. (3) For an... accordance with § 65.117(b) is not required after reconfiguration of an equipment train if flexible hose...

  1. 40 CFR 63.2475 - What requirements must I meet for transfer racks?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... transfer racks? 63.2475 Section 63.2475 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... must I meet for transfer racks? (a) You must comply with each emission limit and work practice standard in table 5 to this subpart that applies to your transfer racks, and you must meet each applicable...

  2. Evaluation and optimization of occupational eye lens dosimetry during positron emission tomography (PET) procedures.

    PubMed

    Guiu-Souto, Jacobo; Sánchez-García, Manuel; Vázquez-Vázquez, Rubén; Otero, Carlos; Luna, Victor; Mosquera, Javier; Busto, Ramón Lobato; Aguiar, Pablo; Ruibal, Álvaro; Pardo-Montero, Juan; Pombar-Cameán, Miguel

    2016-06-01

    The last recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection for eye lens dose suggest an important reduction on the radiation limits associated with early and late tissue reactions. The aim of this work is to quantify and optimize the eye lens dose associated to nurse staff during positron emission tomography (PET) procedures. PET is one of the most important diagnostic methods of oncological and neurological cancer disease involving an important number of workers exposed to the high energy isotope F-18. We characterize the relevant stages as preparation and administration of monodose syringes in terms of occupational dose. A direct reading silicon dosimeter was used to measure the lens dose to staff. The highest dose of radiation was observed during preparation of the fluorodesoxyglucose (FDG) syringes. By optimizing a suitable vials' distribution of FDG we find an important reduction in occupational doses. Extrapolation of our data to other clinical scenarios indicates that, depending on the work load and/or syringes activity, safety limits of the dose might be exceeded.

  3. 47 CFR 101.111 - Emission limitations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Emission limitations. 101.111 Section 101.111 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) SAFETY AND SPECIAL RADIO SERVICES FIXED MICROWAVE SERVICES Technical Standards § 101.111 Emission limitations. (a) The mean power of emissions must be...

  4. 47 CFR 101.111 - Emission limitations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Emission limitations. 101.111 Section 101.111 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) SAFETY AND SPECIAL RADIO SERVICES FIXED MICROWAVE SERVICES Technical Standards § 101.111 Emission limitations. (a) The mean power of emissions must be...

  5. 47 CFR 101.111 - Emission limitations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Emission limitations. 101.111 Section 101.111 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) SAFETY AND SPECIAL RADIO SERVICES FIXED MICROWAVE SERVICES Technical Standards § 101.111 Emission limitations. (a) The mean power of emissions must be...

  6. 47 CFR 101.111 - Emission limitations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 5 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Emission limitations. 101.111 Section 101.111 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) SAFETY AND SPECIAL RADIO SERVICES FIXED MICROWAVE SERVICES Technical Standards § 101.111 Emission limitations. (a) The mean power of emissions must be...

  7. On-road emissions of light-duty vehicles in europe.

    PubMed

    Weiss, Martin; Bonnel, Pierre; Hummel, Rudolf; Provenza, Alessio; Manfredi, Urbano

    2011-10-01

    For obtaining type approval in the European Union, light-duty vehicles have to comply with emission limits during standardized laboratory emissions testing. Although emission limits have become more stringent in past decades, light-duty vehicles remain an important source of nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide emissions in Europe. Furthermore, persisting air quality problems in many urban areas suggest that laboratory emissions testing may not accurately capture the on-road emissions of light-duty vehicles. To address this issue, we conduct the first comprehensive on-road emissions test of light-duty vehicles with state-of-the-art Portable Emission Measurement Systems. We find that nitrogen oxides emissions of gasoline vehicles as well as carbon monoxide and total hydrocarbon emissions of both diesel and gasoline vehicles generally remain below the respective emission limits. By contrast, nitrogen oxides emissions of diesel vehicles (0.93 ± 0.39 grams per kilometer [g/km]), including modern Euro 5 diesel vehicles (0.62 ± 0.19 g/km), exceed emission limits by 320 ± 90%. On-road carbon dioxide emissions surpass laboratory emission levels by 21 ± 9%, suggesting that the current laboratory emissions testing fails to accurately capture the on-road emissions of light-duty vehicles. Our findings provide the empirical foundation for the European Commission to establish a complementary emissions test procedure for light-duty vehicles. This procedure could be implemented together with more stringent Euro 6 emission limits in 2014. The envisaged measures should improve urban air quality and provide incentive for innovation in the automotive industry.

  8. A simple ratiometric fluorescent sensor for fructose based on complexation of 10-hydroxybenzo[h]quinoline with boronic acid

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Li, Huihui; Yang, Cailing; Zhu, Xinyue; Zhang, Haixia

    2017-06-01

    A simple ratiometric fluorescent sensor for fructose was presented. It consisted of 10-hydroxybenzo[h]quinoline (HBQ) which showed emission at 572 nm and 3-pyridylboronic acid (PDBA) whose complex with HBQ gave emission at 500 nm. The reaction of fructose with PDBA inhibited the complexation of HBQ with PDBA, resulting in the change of dual-emission intensity ratio. The sensor well quantified fructose in the range of 0.015-2.5 mM with detection limit of 0.005 mM. Besides, this sensor exhibited excellent selectivity and was successfully applied to fructose detection in food. This work provides a simple ratiometric sensing platform for sensitive and selective detection of fructose.

  9. Experiential study on temperature and emission performance of micro burner during porous media combustion

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Janvekar, Ayub Ahmed; Abdullah, M. Z.; Ahmad, Z. A.; Abas, A.; Ismail, A. K.; Hussien, A. A.; Kataraki, P. S.; Ishak, M. H. H.; Mazlan, M.; Zubair, A. F.

    2018-05-01

    Addition of porous materials in reaction zone give rise to significant improvements in combustion performance. In this work, a dual layered micro porous media burner was tested for stable flame and emissions. Reaction and preheat layer was made up of discrete (zirconia) and foam (porcelain) type of materials respectively. Three different thickness of reaction zone was tested, each with 10, 20 and 30mm. Interestingly, only 20mm thick layer can able to show better thermal efficiency of 72% as compared to 10 and 30mm. Best equivalence ratio came out to be 0.7 for surface and 0.6 for submerged flame conditions. Moreover, emission was continuously monitored to detect presence of NOx and CO, which were under controlled limits.

  10. Control technology for integrated circuit fabrication at Micro-Circuit Engineering, Incorporated, West Palm Beach, Florida

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Mihlan, G. I.; Mitchell, R. I.; Smith, R. K.

    1984-07-01

    A survey to assess control technology for integrated circuit fabrication was conducted. Engineering controls included local and general exhaust ventilation, shielding, and personal protective equipment. Devices or work stations that contained toxic materials that were potentially dangerous were controlled by local exhaust ventilation. Less hazardous areas were controlled by general exhaust ventilation. Process isolation was used in the plasma etching, low pressure chemical vapor deposition, and metallization operations. Shielding was used in ion implantation units to control X-ray emissions, in contact mask alignes to limit ultraviolet (UV) emissions, and in plasma etching units to control radiofrequency and UV emissions. Most operations were automated. Use of personal protective equipment varied by job function.

  11. Hall thruster microturbulence under conditions of modified electron wall emission

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Tsikata, S.; Héron, A.; Honoré, C.

    2017-05-01

    In recent numerical, theoretical, and experimental papers, the short-scale electron cyclotron drift instability (ECDI) has been studied as a possible contributor to the anomalous electron current observed in Hall thrusters. In this work, features of the instability, in the presence of a zero-electron emission material at the thruster exit plane, are analyzed using coherent Thomson scattering. Limiting the electron emission at the exit plane alters the localization of the accelerating electric field and the expected drift velocity profile, which in turn modifies the amplitude and localization of the ECDI. The resulting changes to the standard thruster operation are expected to favor an increased contribution by the ECDI to electron current. Such an operation is associated with a degradation of thruster performance and stability.

  12. Toxic Emissions from a Military Test Site in the Territory of Sardinia, Italy

    PubMed Central

    Cristaldi, Mauro; Foschi, Cristiano; Szpunar, Germana; Brini, Carlo; Marinelli, Fiorenzo; Triolo, Lucio

    2013-01-01

    This work assesses the environmental impact from chemical emissions due to military tests and routine activities in the area occupied by the Italian Inter-force Test Range (PISQ), located at Salto di Quirra, Sardinia, Italy. After reviewing the military activities carried out at PISQ, such as rocket launching, blasting and armament destruction, projectile and mortar fire impact, the associated pollution is evaluated. Chemical analyses were performed by means of Scanning Electronic Microscopy and Energy Dispersion Spectrometry on biotic and abiotic matrices. Residues of Rb, Tl, W, Ti and Al were found in matrices collected in the PISQ areas and environs. A review of experimental data on air, water, soil, milk, forage and animal tissues obtained by various Public Agencies of Sardinia proved that toxic element residues often exceeded the legal limits. PM10 and PM2.5 air concentrations also exceeded the legal limits after military blasting. Cd and Pb contents in the liver and kidneys of sheep living in farms at PISQ and in control farms that were located more than 20 km away from PISQ were higher than the legal limits. This work was performed to investigate concentration of xenobiotics in ecosystems emitted from PISQ activities. This assessment could be useful to focus future epidemiological studies carried out in PISQ and its neighbouring areas. PMID:23603867

  13. 40 CFR 60.52c - Emission limits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 6 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Emission limits. 60.52c Section 60.52c... Incinerators for Which Construction is Commenced After June 20, 1996 § 60.52c Emission limits. (a) On and after... that contain stack emissions in excess of the limits presented in Table 1A to this subpart. (2) From an...

  14. Multiwavelength Thermometry at High Temperature: Why It is Advantageous to Work in the Ultraviolet

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Girard, F.; Battuello, M.; Florio, M.

    2014-07-01

    In principle, multiwavelength radiation thermometry allows one to correctly measure the temperature of surfaces of unknown and varying surface emissivity. Unfortunately, none of the practical realizations proposed in the past proved to be sufficiently reliable because of a strong influence of the errors arising from incorrect modeling of the emissivity and of the limited number of operating wavelengths. The use of array detectors allows a high degree of flexibility both in terms of number and spectral position of the working wavelength bands. In the case of applications at high temperatures, i.e., near 2000 C or above, an analysis of the theoretical measuring principles of multiwavelength thermometry, suggests the opportunity of investigating the possible advantages in extending the operating wavelengths toward the ultraviolet region. To this purpose, a simulation program was developed which allows investigation of the effect of different influencing parameters. This paper presents a brief theoretical introduction and practical analysis of the method. The best choices are derived in terms of the different influencing parameters and data relative to the simulation of both real materials and fictitious emissivity curves and have been studied and analyzed with different emissivity models to check the robustness of the method.

  15. 40 CFR 62.14740 - What must I include in the deviation report?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... your unit deviated from the emission limitations or operating limit requirements. (b) The averaged and recorded data for those dates. (c) Duration and causes of each deviation from the emission limitations or... that deviated from the emission limitations or operating limits specified in this subpart, include the...

  16. 40 CFR 63.848 - Emission monitoring requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... primary control system to determine compliance with the applicable emission limit. The owner or operator... with the applicable emission limit. The owner or operator must include all valid runs in the quarterly... from at least three runs to determine compliance with the applicable emission limits. The owner or...

  17. Impacts of Species Interactions on Atmospheric Processes

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lerdau, M.; Wang, B.; Cook, B.; Neu, J. L.; Schimel, D.

    2016-12-01

    The current fascination with interactions between air quality and ecosystems began over 60 years ago with the discovery by Arie Haagen-Smit and colleagues that organic carbon emissions from plants play a role in ozone formation. In the seven decades since, thanks to biochemical and physiological studies of these emissions, their biosynthetic pathways and short-term flux-regulation mechanisms are now well understood. This `metabolic' approach has been invaluable for developing models of VOC emissions and atmospheric oxidant dynamics that function on local spatial scales over time intervals of minutes to days, but it has been of limited value for predicting emissions across larger spatial and temporal scales. This limited success arises in large part from the species-specific nature of volatile organic carbon production by plants. Each plant species produces certain volatile compounds but not others, so predicting emissions through time requires consideration of plant species composition. As the plant species composition of an ecosystem changes through time, so too do its VOC emissions. When VOC impacts on the atmosphere influence species composition by altering inter-specific interactions, there exists the possibility for feedbacks among emissions, atmospheric chemistry, higher order ecological processes such as competition & pollination, and species composition. For example, previous work has demonstrated that VOC emissions may affect ozone, which, in turn, alters competition among trees species, and current efforts suggest that plant reproductive success may be mediated by ozone impacts on floral signals. These changes in ecological processes alter the species composition and future VOC emissions from ecosystems. We present empirical and simulated data demonstrating that biological diversity may be affected by VOC impacts on the atmosphere and that these diversity changes may, in turn, alter the emissions of VOC's and other photochemically active compounds to the atmosphere. We propose a general framework for considering higher order ecological interactions in models of biosphere/atmosphere exchange and air quality. We also demonstrate that secular trends in the global environment, e.g., anthropogenic warming, may alter these interactions and subsequent VOC emissions.

  18. Multiplicity characteristics in relativistic 24Mg-nucleus collisions

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Abdelsalam, A.; A. Shaat, E.; Abou-Moussa, Z.; M. Badawy, B.; S. Mater, Z.

    2013-08-01

    This work is concerned with the analyses of the shower and gray particle production in 4.5 A GeV/c 24Mg collision with emulsion nuclei. The highest particle production occurs in the region of the low impact parameters. While the multiplicity of the shower particles emitted in the forward direction depends on the projectile mass number and energy, the multiplicity of the backward ones shows a limiting behaviour. The source of the emission of the forward shower particles is completely different from that of the backward ones. The target fragments are produced in a thermalized system of emission.

  19. 40 CFR 63.5984 - What emission limits must I meet for tire production affected sources?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... tire production affected sources? 63.5984 Section 63.5984 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Rubber Tire Manufacturing Emission Limits for Tire Production Affected Sources § 63.5984 What emission limits must I meet...

  20. 40 CFR Table 1 to Subpart Cccc of... - Emission Limitations

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ...) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Manufacturing of Nutritional Yeast Pt. 63, Subpt... comply with the emission limitations in the following table: For each fed-batch fermenter producing yeast... duration of a batch.b. The emission limitation does not apply during the production of specialty yeast. ...

  1. 40 CFR Table 1 to Subpart Cccc of... - Emission Limitations

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ...) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Manufacturing of Nutritional Yeast Pt. 63, Subpt... comply with the emission limitations in the following table: For each fed-batch fermenter producing yeast... duration of a batch.b. The emission limitation does not apply during the production of specialty yeast. ...

  2. 40 CFR Table 1 to Subpart Cccc of... - Emission Limitations

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ...) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Manufacturing of Nutritional Yeast Pt. 63, Subpt... comply with the emission limitations in the following table: For each fed-batch fermenter producing yeast... duration of a batch.b. The emission limitation does not apply during the production of specialty yeast. ...

  3. 47 CFR 90.1323 - Emission limits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Emission limits. 90.1323 Section 90.1323... MOBILE RADIO SERVICES Wireless Broadband Services in the 3650-3700 MHz Band § 90.1323 Emission limits. (a) The power of any emission outside a licensee's frequency band(s) of operation shall be attenuated...

  4. 40 CFR 76.10 - Alternative emission limitations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... (CONTINUED) ACID RAIN NITROGEN OXIDES EMISSION REDUCTION PROGRAM § 76.10 Alternative emission limitations. (a... alternative emission limitation on the date that the application for renewal of the source's Acid Rain permit... demonstration period by administrative amendment (under § 72.83 of this chapter) to the Acid Rain permit. (v...

  5. 40 CFR 76.10 - Alternative emission limitations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... (CONTINUED) ACID RAIN NITROGEN OXIDES EMISSION REDUCTION PROGRAM § 76.10 Alternative emission limitations. (a... alternative emission limitation on the date that the application for renewal of the source's Acid Rain permit... demonstration period by administrative amendment (under § 72.83 of this chapter) to the Acid Rain permit. (v...

  6. 40 CFR 76.10 - Alternative emission limitations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... (CONTINUED) ACID RAIN NITROGEN OXIDES EMISSION REDUCTION PROGRAM § 76.10 Alternative emission limitations. (a... alternative emission limitation on the date that the application for renewal of the source's Acid Rain permit... demonstration period by administrative amendment (under § 72.83 of this chapter) to the Acid Rain permit. (v...

  7. 40 CFR 63.55 - Maximum achievable control technology (MACT) determinations for affected sources subject to case...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... (MACT) determinations for affected sources subject to case-by-case determination of equivalent emission... sources subject to case-by-case determination of equivalent emission limitations. (a) Requirements for... hazardous air pollutant emissions limitations equivalent to the limitations that would apply if an emission...

  8. Penetration length-dependent hot electrons in the field emission from ZnO nanowires

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chen, Yicong; Song, Xiaomeng; Li, Zhibing; She, Juncong; Deng, Shaozhi; Xu, Ningsheng; Chen, Jun

    2018-01-01

    In the framework of field emission, whether or not hot electrons can form in the semiconductor emitters under a surface penetration field is of great concern, which will provide not only a comprehensive physical picture of field emission from semiconductor but also guidance on how to improve device performance. However, apart from some theoretical work, its experimental evidence has not been reported yet. In this article, the field penetration length-dependent hot electrons were observed in the field emission of ZnO nanowires through the in-situ study of its electrical and field emission characteristic before and after NH3 plasma treatment in an ultrahigh vacuum system. After the treatment, most of the nanowires have an increased carrier density but reduced field emission current. The raised carrier density was caused by the increased content of oxygen vacancies, while the degraded field emission current was attributed to the lower kinetic energy of hot electrons caused by the shorter penetration length. All of these results suggest that the field emission properties of ZnO nanowires can be optimized by modifying their carrier density to balance both the kinetic energy of field induced hot electrons and the limitation of saturated current under a given field.

  9. 40 CFR 60.2115 - What if I do not use a wet scrubber to comply with the emission limitations?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 6 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What if I do not use a wet scrubber to... scrubber to comply with the emission limitations? If you use an air pollution control device other than a wet scrubber, or limit emissions in some other manner, to comply with the emission limitations under...

  10. Experimental Studies of Diestrol-Micro Emulsion Fuel in a Direct Injection Compression Ignition Engine under Varying Injection Pressures and Timings

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kannan, Gopal Radhakrishnan

    2018-02-01

    The research work on biodiesel becomes more attractive in the context of limited availability of petroleum fuels and rapid increase of harmful emissions from diesel engine using conventional fossil fuels. The present investigation has dealt with the influence of biodiesel-diesel-ethanol (diestrol) water micro emulsion fuel (B60D20E20M) on the performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a diesel engine under different injection pressure and timing. The results revealed that the maximum brake thermal efficiency of 32.4% was observed at an injection pressure of 260 bar and injection timing of 25.5°bTDC. In comparison with diesel, micro emulsion fuel showed reduction in carbon monoxide (CO) and total hydrocarbon (THC) by 40 and 24%, respectively. Further, micro emulsion fuel decreased nitric oxide (NO) emission and smoke emission by 7 and 20.7%, while the carbon dioxide (CO2) emission is similar to that of diesel.

  11. 40 CFR 61.273 - Alternative means of emission limitation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... for Benzene Emissions From Benzene Storage Vessels § 61.273 Alternative means of emission limitation... benzene emissions at least equivalent to the reduction in emissions achieved by any requirement in § 61... full-size or scale-model storage vessels that accurately collect and measure all benzene emissions from...

  12. 40 CFR 61.273 - Alternative means of emission limitation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... for Benzene Emissions From Benzene Storage Vessels § 61.273 Alternative means of emission limitation... benzene emissions at least equivalent to the reduction in emissions achieved by any requirement in § 61... full-size or scale-model storage vessels that accurately collect and measure all benzene emissions from...

  13. 40 CFR 61.273 - Alternative means of emission limitation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... for Benzene Emissions From Benzene Storage Vessels § 61.273 Alternative means of emission limitation... benzene emissions at least equivalent to the reduction in emissions achieved by any requirement in § 61... full-size or scale-model storage vessels that accurately collect and measure all benzene emissions from...

  14. 40 CFR 61.273 - Alternative means of emission limitation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... for Benzene Emissions From Benzene Storage Vessels § 61.273 Alternative means of emission limitation... benzene emissions at least equivalent to the reduction in emissions achieved by any requirement in § 61... full-size or scale-model storage vessels that accurately collect and measure all benzene emissions from...

  15. 40 CFR 61.273 - Alternative means of emission limitation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... for Benzene Emissions From Benzene Storage Vessels § 61.273 Alternative means of emission limitation... benzene emissions at least equivalent to the reduction in emissions achieved by any requirement in § 61... full-size or scale-model storage vessels that accurately collect and measure all benzene emissions from...

  16. 40 CFR 63.2485 - What requirements must I meet for wastewater streams and liquid streams in open systems within an...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Pollutants: Miscellaneous Organic Chemical Manufacturing Emission Limits, Work Practice Standards, and... be if the contents of the wastewater tank were not heated, treated by an exothermic reaction, or... uses the term “chemical manufacturing process unit,” the term “MCPU” applies for the purposes of this...

  17. 40 CFR Table 5 to Subpart Uuuu of... - Continuous Compliance With Emission Limits and Work Practice Standards

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ...) maintaining a material balance that includes the pertinent data used to determine the percent reduction of... pertinent data from the material balance; and (3) complying with the continuous compliance requirements for... systems (1) maintaining a material balance that includes the pertinent data used to determine the percent...

  18. 40 CFR Table 5 to Subpart Uuuu of... - Continuous Compliance With Emission Limits and Work Practice Standards

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ...) maintaining a material balance that includes the pertinent data used to determine the percent reduction of... pertinent data from the material balance; and (3) complying with the continuous compliance requirements for... systems (1) maintaining a material balance that includes the pertinent data used to determine the percent...

  19. 40 CFR Table 5 to Subpart Uuuu of... - Continuous Compliance With Emission Limits and Work Practice Standards

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ...) maintaining a material balance that includes the pertinent data used to determine the percent reduction of... pertinent data from the material balance; and (3) complying with the continuous compliance requirements for... systems (1) maintaining a material balance that includes the pertinent data used to determine the percent...

  20. 40 CFR 63.7925 - What emissions limitations and work practice standards must I meet for closed vent systems and...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ..., you must: (i) Maintain the hourly average total regeneration stream mass flow during the adsorption bed regeneration cycle greater than or equal to the stream mass flow established in the design... regeneration (except during the cooling cycle) greater than or equal to the temperature established during the...

  1. 40 CFR 63.7925 - What emissions limitations and work practice standards must I meet for closed vent systems and...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ..., you must: (i) Maintain the hourly average total regeneration stream mass flow during the adsorption bed regeneration cycle greater than or equal to the stream mass flow established in the design... regeneration (except during the cooling cycle) greater than or equal to the temperature established during the...

  2. 40 CFR 63.7925 - What emissions limitations and work practice standards must I meet for closed vent systems and...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ..., you must: (i) Maintain the hourly average total regeneration stream mass flow during the adsorption bed regeneration cycle greater than or equal to the stream mass flow established in the design... regeneration (except during the cooling cycle) greater than or equal to the temperature established during the...

  3. 40 CFR 63.7901 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emissions limitations and work practice...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL... Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Site Remediation Containers § 63.7901 How do I demonstrate initial... specified in § 63.7990 for the containers to be used for your site remediation. (2) You have determined and...

  4. 40 CFR 63.7901 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emissions limitations and work practice...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL... Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Site Remediation Containers § 63.7901 How do I demonstrate initial... specified in § 63.7990 for the containers to be used for your site remediation. (2) You have determined and...

  5. 40 CFR 63.7901 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emissions limitations and work practice...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL... Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Site Remediation Containers § 63.7901 How do I demonstrate initial... specified in § 63.7990 for the containers to be used for your site remediation. (2) You have determined and...

  6. 40 CFR 63.7901 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emissions limitations and work practice...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL... Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Site Remediation Containers § 63.7901 How do I demonstrate initial... specified in § 63.7990 for the containers to be used for your site remediation. (2) You have determined and...

  7. 40 CFR 63.9883 - When do I have to comply with this subpart?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... new affected source and its initial startup date is on or before October 11, 2003, you must comply... initial startup date is after October 10, 2003, you must comply with each emission limitation, work... initial startup. (d) If your primary magnesium refinery is an area source that becomes a major source of...

  8. 40 CFR 63.9583 - When do I have to comply with this subpart?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... new affected source and its initial startup date is on or before October 30, 2003, you must comply... initial startup date is after October 30, 2003, you must comply with each emission limitation, work... initial startup. (d) If your taconite iron ore processing plant is an area source that becomes a major...

  9. 40 CFR 63.9883 - When do I have to comply with this subpart?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... new affected source and its initial startup date is on or before October 11, 2003, you must comply... initial startup date is after October 10, 2003, you must comply with each emission limitation, work... initial startup. (d) If your primary magnesium refinery is an area source that becomes a major source of...

  10. 40 CFR 63.9583 - When do I have to comply with this subpart?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... new affected source and its initial startup date is on or before October 30, 2003, you must comply... initial startup date is after October 30, 2003, you must comply with each emission limitation, work... initial startup. (d) If your taconite iron ore processing plant is an area source that becomes a major...

  11. 40 CFR 63.7883 - When do I have to comply with this subpart?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... applicable to your affected source. (1) If the affected source's initial startup date is on or before October... initial startup date is after October 8, 2003, you must comply with each emission limitation, work... initial startup. (c) If you have a new affected source that manages remediation material that is a...

  12. 40 CFR 63.7883 - When do I have to comply with this subpart?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... applicable to your affected source. (1) If the affected source's initial startup date is on or before October... initial startup date is after October 8, 2003, you must comply with each emission limitation, work... initial startup. (c) If you have a new affected source that manages remediation material that is a...

  13. 40 CFR 63.7883 - When do I have to comply with this subpart?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... applicable to your affected source. (1) If the affected source's initial startup date is on or before October... initial startup date is after October 8, 2003, you must comply with each emission limitation, work... initial startup. (c) If you have a new affected source that manages remediation material that is a...

  14. 40 CFR 63.9883 - When do I have to comply with this subpart?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... new affected source and its initial startup date is on or before October 11, 2003, you must comply... initial startup date is after October 10, 2003, you must comply with each emission limitation, work... initial startup. (d) If your primary magnesium refinery is an area source that becomes a major source of...

  15. 40 CFR 63.9883 - When do I have to comply with this subpart?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... new affected source and its initial startup date is on or before October 11, 2003, you must comply... initial startup date is after October 10, 2003, you must comply with each emission limitation, work... initial startup. (d) If your primary magnesium refinery is an area source that becomes a major source of...

  16. 40 CFR 63.7883 - When do I have to comply with this subpart?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... applicable to your affected source. (1) If the affected source's initial startup date is on or before October... initial startup date is after October 8, 2003, you must comply with each emission limitation, work... initial startup. (c) If you have a new affected source that manages remediation material that is a...

  17. 40 CFR 63.9583 - When do I have to comply with this subpart?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... new affected source and its initial startup date is on or before October 30, 2003, you must comply... initial startup date is after October 30, 2003, you must comply with each emission limitation, work... initial startup. (d) If your taconite iron ore processing plant is an area source that becomes a major...

  18. 40 CFR 63.9883 - When do I have to comply with this subpart?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... new affected source and its initial startup date is on or before October 11, 2003, you must comply... initial startup date is after October 10, 2003, you must comply with each emission limitation, work... initial startup. (d) If your primary magnesium refinery is an area source that becomes a major source of...

  19. 40 CFR 63.9583 - When do I have to comply with this subpart?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... new affected source and its initial startup date is on or before October 30, 2003, you must comply... initial startup date is after October 30, 2003, you must comply with each emission limitation, work... initial startup. (d) If your taconite iron ore processing plant is an area source that becomes a major...

  20. 40 CFR 63.9583 - When do I have to comply with this subpart?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... new affected source and its initial startup date is on or before October 30, 2003, you must comply... initial startup date is after October 30, 2003, you must comply with each emission limitation, work... initial startup. (d) If your taconite iron ore processing plant is an area source that becomes a major...

  1. 40 CFR 63.7898 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emissions limitations and work practice...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Site Remediation Tanks § 63.7898 How do I demonstrate continuous... maximum HAP vapor pressure determined according to the procedures in § 63.7944 for the remediation... pressure whenever changes to the remediation material managed in the tank could potentially cause the...

  2. 40 CFR 63.1444 - What emissions limitations and work practice standards must I meet for my copper concentrate...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... converter department uses Pierce-Smith converters, the capture system design must include use of a primary... discharged to the atmosphere from any Pierce-Smith converter primary hood capture system or Hoboken converter... construction commenced on or after April 20, 1998, the use of batch copper converters is prohibited. (f...

  3. 40 CFR 63.1444 - What emissions limitations and work practice standards must I meet for my copper concentrate...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... converter department uses Pierce-Smith converters, the capture system design must include use of a primary... discharged to the atmosphere from any Pierce-Smith converter primary hood capture system or Hoboken converter... construction commenced on or after April 20, 1998, the use of batch copper converters is prohibited. (f...

  4. 40 CFR 63.1444 - What emissions limitations and work practice standards must I meet for my copper concentrate...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... converter department uses Pierce-Smith converters, the capture system design must include use of a primary... discharged to the atmosphere from any Pierce-Smith converter primary hood capture system or Hoboken converter... construction commenced on or after April 20, 1998, the use of batch copper converters is prohibited. (f...

  5. 40 CFR 49.124 - Rule for limiting visible emissions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... emissions. (a) What is the purpose of this section? This section limits the visible emissions of air... residential buildings with four or fewer dwelling units, fugitive dust from public roads owned or maintained... sources. (d) What are the opacity limits for air pollution sources? (1) The visible emissions from an air...

  6. 40 CFR 63.5986 - What emission limits must I meet for tire cord production affected sources?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... tire cord production affected sources? 63.5986 Section 63.5986 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Rubber Tire Manufacturing Emission Limits for Tire Cord Production Affected Sources § 63.5986 What emission limits must I...

  7. 40 CFR 74.25 - Current promulgated SO2 emissions limit.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 16 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Current promulgated SO2 emissions... promulgated SO2 emissions limit. The designated representative shall submit the following data: (a) Current promulgated SO2 emissions limit of the combustion source, expressed in lbs/mmBtu, which shall be the most...

  8. 47 CFR 90.669 - Emission limits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Emission limits. 90.669 Section 90.669... 896-901/935-940 Mhz Band § 90.669 Emission limits. (a) On any frequency in an MTA licensee's spectrum block that is adjacent to a non-MTA frequency, the power of any emission shall be attenuated below the...

  9. 40 CFR 96.374 - Recordkeeping and reporting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... quarterly reports, as follows: (1) If the CAIR NOX Ozone Season unit is subject to an Acid Rain emissions... not subject to an Acid Rain emissions limitation or a CAIR NOX emissions limitation, then the CAIR... are also subject to an Acid Rain emissions limitation or the CAIR NOX Annual Trading Program or CAIR...

  10. 40 CFR 96.374 - Recordkeeping and reporting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... quarterly reports, as follows: (1) If the CAIR NOX Ozone Season unit is subject to an Acid Rain emissions... not subject to an Acid Rain emissions limitation or a CAIR NOX emissions limitation, then the CAIR... are also subject to an Acid Rain emissions limitation or the CAIR NOX Annual Trading Program or CAIR...

  11. 40 CFR 97.374 - Recordkeeping and reporting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ...: (1) If the CAIR NOX Ozone Season unit is subject to an Acid Rain emissions limitation or a CAIR NOX... Acid Rain emissions limitation or a CAIR NOX emissions limitation, then the CAIR designated...) of this chapter. (4) For CAIR NOX Ozone Season units that are also subject to an Acid Rain emissions...

  12. 40 CFR 96.374 - Recordkeeping and reporting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... quarterly reports, as follows: (1) If the CAIR NOX Ozone Season unit is subject to an Acid Rain emissions... not subject to an Acid Rain emissions limitation or a CAIR NOX emissions limitation, then the CAIR... are also subject to an Acid Rain emissions limitation or the CAIR NOX Annual Trading Program or CAIR...

  13. 40 CFR 97.374 - Recordkeeping and reporting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ...: (1) If the CAIR NOX Ozone Season unit is subject to an Acid Rain emissions limitation or a CAIR NOX... Acid Rain emissions limitation or a CAIR NOX emissions limitation, then the CAIR designated...) of this chapter. (4) For CAIR NOX Ozone Season units that are also subject to an Acid Rain emissions...

  14. 40 CFR 97.374 - Recordkeeping and reporting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ...: (1) If the CAIR NOX Ozone Season unit is subject to an Acid Rain emissions limitation or a CAIR NOX... Acid Rain emissions limitation or a CAIR NOX emissions limitation, then the CAIR designated...) of this chapter. (4) For CAIR NOX Ozone Season units that are also subject to an Acid Rain emissions...

  15. 40 CFR 96.374 - Recordkeeping and reporting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... quarterly reports, as follows: (1) If the CAIR NOX Ozone Season unit is subject to an Acid Rain emissions... not subject to an Acid Rain emissions limitation or a CAIR NOX emissions limitation, then the CAIR... are also subject to an Acid Rain emissions limitation or the CAIR NOX Annual Trading Program or CAIR...

  16. 40 CFR 97.374 - Recordkeeping and reporting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ...: (1) If the CAIR NOX Ozone Season unit is subject to an Acid Rain emissions limitation or a CAIR NOX... Acid Rain emissions limitation or a CAIR NOX emissions limitation, then the CAIR designated...) of this chapter. (4) For CAIR NOX Ozone Season units that are also subject to an Acid Rain emissions...

  17. 40 CFR 60.34b - Emission guidelines for municipal waste combustor operating practices.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... approval, a State plan shall include emission limits for carbon monoxide at least as protective as the emission limits for carbon monoxide listed in table 3 of this subpart. table 3 provides emission limits for the carbon monoxide concentration level for each type of designated facility. (b) For approval, a...

  18. 40 CFR Table 7 to Subpart Zzzz of... - Requirements for Reports

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... engines that are not limited use stationary CI RICE subject to numerical emission limitations; andii... CI RICE subject to numerical emission limitations. b. If you had a deviation from any emission...

  19. Constraints on biomass energy deployment in mitigation pathways: the case of water scarcity

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Séférian, Roland; Rocher, Matthias; Guivarch, Céline; Colin, Jeanne

    2018-05-01

    To limit global warming to well below 2 ° most of the IPCC-WGIII future stringent mitigation pathways feature a massive global-scale deployment of negative emissions technologies (NETs) before the end of the century. The global-scale deployment of NETs like Biomass Energy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) can be hampered by climate constraints that are not taken into account by Integrated assessment models (IAMs) used to produce those pathways. Among the various climate constraints, water scarcity appears as a potential bottleneck for future land-based mitigation strategies and remains largely unexplored. Here, we assess climate constraints relative to water scarcity in response to the global deployment of BECCS. To this end, we confront results from an Earth system model (ESM) and an IAM under an array of 25 stringent mitigation pathways. These pathways are compatible with the Paris Agreement long-term temperature goal and with cumulative carbon emissions ranging from 230 Pg C and 300 Pg C from January 1st onwards. We show that all stylized mitigation pathways studied in this work limit warming below 2 °C or even 1.5 °C by 2100 but all exhibit a temperature overshoot exceeding 2 °C after 2050. According to the IAM, a subset of 17 emission pathways are feasible when evaluated in terms of socio-economic and technological constraints. The ESM however shows that water scarcity would limit the deployment of BECCS in all the mitigation pathways assessed in this work. Our findings suggest that the evolution of the water resources under climate change can exert a significant constraint on BECCS deployment before 2050. In 2100, the BECCS water needs could represent more than 30% of the total precipitation in several regions like Europe or Asia.

  20. 40 CFR 60.5180 - Do the emission limits, emission standards, and operating limits apply during periods of startup...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... standards, and operating limits apply during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.5180 Section... startup, shutdown, and malfunction? The emission limits and standards apply at all times and during... concentration limit using CO CEMS, the correction to 7 percent oxygen does not apply during periods of startup...

  1. 40 CFR 60.5180 - Do the emission limits, emission standards, and operating limits apply during periods of startup...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... standards, and operating limits apply during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.5180 Section... startup, shutdown, and malfunction? The emission limits and standards apply at all times and during... concentration limit using CO CEMS, the correction to 7 percent oxygen does not apply during periods of startup...

  2. 40 CFR 60.5180 - Do the emission limits, emission standards, and operating limits apply during periods of startup...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... standards, and operating limits apply during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.5180 Section... startup, shutdown, and malfunction? The emission limits and standards apply at all times and during... concentration limit using CO CEMS, the correction to 7 percent oxygen does not apply during periods of startup...

  3. 40 CFR 60.5180 - Do the emission limits, emission standards, and operating limits apply during periods of startup...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... standards, and operating limits apply during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.5180 Section... startup, shutdown, and malfunction? The emission limits and standards apply at all times and during... concentration limit using CO CEMS, the correction to 7 percent oxygen does not apply during periods of startup...

  4. Understanding the origin of Paris Agreement emission uncertainties

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Rogelj, Joeri; Fricko, Oliver; Meinshausen, Malte; Krey, Volker; Zilliacus, Johanna J. J.; Riahi, Keywan

    2017-06-01

    The UN Paris Agreement puts in place a legally binding mechanism to increase mitigation action over time. Countries put forward pledges called nationally determined contributions (NDC) whose impact is assessed in global stocktaking exercises. Subsequently, actions can then be strengthened in light of the Paris climate objective: limiting global mean temperature increase to well below 2 °C and pursuing efforts to limit it further to 1.5 °C. However, pledged actions are currently described ambiguously and this complicates the global stocktaking exercise. Here, we systematically explore possible interpretations of NDC assumptions, and show that this results in estimated emissions for 2030 ranging from 47 to 63 GtCO2e yr-1. We show that this uncertainty has critical implications for the feasibility and cost to limit warming well below 2 °C and further to 1.5 °C. Countries are currently working towards clarifying the modalities of future NDCs. We identify salient avenues to reduce the overall uncertainty by about 10 percentage points through simple, technical clarifications regarding energy accounting rules. Remaining uncertainties depend to a large extent on politically valid choices about how NDCs are expressed, and therefore raise the importance of a thorough and robust process that keeps track of where emissions are heading over time.

  5. Understanding the origin of Paris Agreement emission uncertainties

    PubMed Central

    Rogelj, Joeri; Fricko, Oliver; Meinshausen, Malte; Krey, Volker; Zilliacus, Johanna J. J.; Riahi, Keywan

    2017-01-01

    The UN Paris Agreement puts in place a legally binding mechanism to increase mitigation action over time. Countries put forward pledges called nationally determined contributions (NDC) whose impact is assessed in global stocktaking exercises. Subsequently, actions can then be strengthened in light of the Paris climate objective: limiting global mean temperature increase to well below 2 °C and pursuing efforts to limit it further to 1.5 °C. However, pledged actions are currently described ambiguously and this complicates the global stocktaking exercise. Here, we systematically explore possible interpretations of NDC assumptions, and show that this results in estimated emissions for 2030 ranging from 47 to 63 GtCO2e yr−1. We show that this uncertainty has critical implications for the feasibility and cost to limit warming well below 2 °C and further to 1.5 °C. Countries are currently working towards clarifying the modalities of future NDCs. We identify salient avenues to reduce the overall uncertainty by about 10 percentage points through simple, technical clarifications regarding energy accounting rules. Remaining uncertainties depend to a large extent on politically valid choices about how NDCs are expressed, and therefore raise the importance of a thorough and robust process that keeps track of where emissions are heading over time. PMID:28585924

  6. Understanding the origin of Paris Agreement emission uncertainties.

    PubMed

    Rogelj, Joeri; Fricko, Oliver; Meinshausen, Malte; Krey, Volker; Zilliacus, Johanna J J; Riahi, Keywan

    2017-06-06

    The UN Paris Agreement puts in place a legally binding mechanism to increase mitigation action over time. Countries put forward pledges called nationally determined contributions (NDC) whose impact is assessed in global stocktaking exercises. Subsequently, actions can then be strengthened in light of the Paris climate objective: limiting global mean temperature increase to well below 2 °C and pursuing efforts to limit it further to 1.5 °C. However, pledged actions are currently described ambiguously and this complicates the global stocktaking exercise. Here, we systematically explore possible interpretations of NDC assumptions, and show that this results in estimated emissions for 2030 ranging from 47 to 63 GtCO 2 e yr -1 . We show that this uncertainty has critical implications for the feasibility and cost to limit warming well below 2 °C and further to 1.5 °C. Countries are currently working towards clarifying the modalities of future NDCs. We identify salient avenues to reduce the overall uncertainty by about 10 percentage points through simple, technical clarifications regarding energy accounting rules. Remaining uncertainties depend to a large extent on politically valid choices about how NDCs are expressed, and therefore raise the importance of a thorough and robust process that keeps track of where emissions are heading over time.

  7. Ammonia emission inventory for the state of Wyoming

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Kirchstetter, Thomas W.; Maser, Colette R.; Brown, Nancy J.

    2003-12-17

    Ammonia (NH{sub 3}) is the only significant gaseous base in the atmosphere and it has a variety of impacts as an atmospheric pollutant, including the formation of secondary aerosol particles: ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate. NH{sub 3} preferentially forms ammonium sulfate; consequently ammonium nitrate aerosol formation may be limited by the availability of NH{sub 3}. Understanding the impact of emissions of oxides of sulfur and nitrogen on visibility, therefore, requires accurately determined ammonia emission inventories for use in air quality models, upon which regulatory and policy decisions increasingly depend. This report presents an emission inventory of NH{sub 3} for themore » state of Wyoming. The inventory is temporally and spatially resolved at the monthly and county level, and is comprised of emissions from individual sources in ten categories: livestock, fertilizer, domestic animals, wild animals, wildfires, soil, industry, mobile sources, humans, and publicly owned treatment works. The Wyoming NH{sub 3} inventory was developed using the Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) Ammonia Model as framework. Current Wyoming-specific activity data and emissions factors obtained from state agencies and published literature were assessed and used as inputs to the CMU Ammonia Model. Biogenic emissions from soils comprise about three-quarters of the Wyoming NH{sub 3} inventory, though emission factors from soils are highly uncertain. Published emission factors are scarce and based on limited measurements. In Wyoming, agricultural land, rangeland, and forests comprise 96% of the land area and essentially all of the estimated emissions from soils. Future research on emission rates of NH{sub 3} for these land categories may lead to a substantial change in the magnitude of soil emissions, a different inventory composition, and reduced uncertainty in the inventory. While many NH{sub 3} inventories include annual emissions, air quality modeling studies require finer temporal resolution. Published studies indicate higher emission rates from soils and animal wastes at higher temperatures, and temporal variation in fertilizer application. A recent inverse modeling study indicates temporal variation in regional NH{sub 3} emissions. Monthly allocation factors were derived to estimate monthly emissions from soils, livestock and wild animal waste based on annual emission estimates. Monthly resolution of NH{sub 3} emissions from fertilizers is based on fertilizer sales to farmers. Statewide NH{sub 3} emissions are highest in the late spring and early summer months.« less

  8. Exhaust emissions reduction from diesel engine using combined Annona-Eucalyptus oil blends and antioxidant additive

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Senthil, R.; Silambarasan, R.; Pranesh, G.

    2017-03-01

    The limited resources, rising petroleum prices and depletion of fossil fuel have now become a matter of great concern. Hence, there is an urgent need for researchers to find some alternate fuels which are capable of substituting partly or wholly the higher demanded conventional diesel fuel. Lot of research work has been conducted on diesel engine using biodiesel and its blends with diesel as an alternate fuel. Very few works have been done with combination of biodiesel-Eucalypts oil without neat diesel and this leads to lots of scope in this area. The aim of the present study is to analyze the performance and emission characteristics of a single cylinder, direct injection, compression ignition engine using eucalyptus oil-biodiesel as fuel. The presence of eucalyptus oil in the blend reduces the viscosity and improves the volatility of the blends. The methyl ester of Annona oil is blended with eucalypts oil in 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 %. The performance and emission characteristics are evaluated by operating the engine at different loads. The performance characteristics such as brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption and exhaust gas temperature are evaluated. The emission constituents measured are Carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbons (HC), Oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and Smoke. It is found that A50-Eu50 (50 Annona + 50 % Eucalyptus oil) blend showed better performance and reduction in exhaust emissions. But, it showed a very marginal increase in NOx emission when compared to that of diesel. Therefore, in order to reduce the NOx emission, antioxidant additive (A-tocopherol acetate) is mixed with Annona-Eucalyptus oil blends in various proportions by which NOx emission is reduced. Hence, A50-Eu50 blend can be used as an alternate fuel for diesel engine without any modifications.

  9. Colorado SIP: Reg 11, Motor Vehicle Emissions Inspection Program—Part F, Maximum Allowable Emissions Limits for Motor Vehicle Exhaust, Evaporative and Visible Emissions for Light-Duty and Heavy-Duty Vehicles

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Colorado SIP: Reg 11, Motor Vehicle Emissions Inspection Program—Part F, Maximum Allowable Emissions Limits for Motor Vehicle Exhaust, Evaporative and Visible Emissions for Light-Duty and Heavy-Duty Vehicles

  10. Quantifying Molecular Hydrogen Emissions and an Industrial Leakage Rate for the South Coast Air Basin of California

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Irish, M. C.; Schroeder, J.; Beyersdorf, A. J.; Blake, D. R.

    2015-12-01

    The poorly understood atmospheric budget and distribution of molecular hydrogen (H2) have invited further research since the discovery that emissions from a hydrogen-based economy could have negative impacts on the global climate system and stratospheric ozone. The burgeoning fuel cell electric vehicle industry in the South Coast Air Basin of California (SoCAB) presents an opportunity to observe and constrain urban anthropogenic H2 emissions. This work presents the first H2 emissions estimate for the SoCAB and calculates an upper limit for the current rate of leakage from production and distribution infrastructure within the region. A top-down method utilized whole air samples collected during the Student Airborne Research Program (SARP) onboard the NASA DC-8 research aircraft from 23-25 June 2015 to estimate H2 emissions from combustion and non-combustion sources. H2:carbon monoxide (CO) and H2:carbon dioxide ratios from airborne observations were compared with experimentally established ratios from pure combustion source ratios and scaled with the well-constrained CO emissions inventory to yield H2 emissions of 24.9 ± 3.6 Gg a-1 (1σ) from combustion engines and 8.2 ± 4.7 Gg a-1 from non-combustion sources. Total daily production of H2 in the SoCAB was compared with the top-down results to estimate an upper limit leakage rate (5%) where all emissions not accounted for by incomplete combustion in engines were assumed to be emitted from H2 infrastructure. For bottom-up validation, the NOAA Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory dispersion model was run iteratively with all known stationary sources in attempt to constrain emissions. While this investigation determined that H2 emissions from non-combustion sources in the SoCAB are likely significant, more in-depth analysis is required to better predict the atmospheric implications of a hydrogen economy.

  11. A human-scale perspective on global warming: Zero emission year and personal quotas.

    PubMed

    de la Fuente, Alberto; Rojas, Maisa; Mac Lean, Claudia

    2017-01-01

    This article builds on the premise that human consumption of goods, food and transport are the ultimate drivers of climate change. However, the nature of the climate change problem (well described as a tragedy of the commons) makes it difficult for individuals to recognise their personal duty to implement behavioural changes to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Consequently, this article aims to analyse the climate change issue from a human-scale perspective, in which each of us has a clearly defined personal quota of CO2 emissions that limits our activity and there is a finite time during which CO2 emissions must be eliminated to achieve the "well below 2°C" warming limit set by the Paris Agreement of 2015 (COP21). Thus, this work's primary contribution is to connect an equal per capita fairness approach to a global carbon budget, linking personal levels with planetary levels. Here, we show that a personal quota of 5.0 tons of CO2 yr-1 p-1 is a representative value for both past and future emissions; for this level of a constant per-capita emissions and without considering any mitigation, the global accumulated emissions compatible with the "well below 2°C" and 2°C targets will be exhausted by 2030 and 2050, respectively. These are references years that provide an order of magnitude of the time that is left to reverse the global warming trend. More realistic scenarios that consider a smooth transition toward a zero-emission world show that the global accumulated emissions compatible with the "well below 2°C" and 2°C targets will be exhausted by 2040 and 2080, respectively. Implications of this paper include a return to personal responsibility following equity principles among individuals, and a definition of boundaries to the personal emissions of CO2.

  12. Effect of energetic electrons on combustion of premixed burner flame

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sasaki, Koichi

    2011-10-01

    In many studies of plasma-assisted combustion, authors superpose discharges onto flames to control combustion reactions. This work is motivated by more fundamental point of view. The standpoint of this work is that flames themselves are already plasmas. We irradiated microwave power onto premixed burner flame with the intention of heating electrons in it. The microwave power was limited below the threshold for a discharge. We obtained the enhancement of burning velocity by the irradiation of the microwave power, which was understood by the shortening of the flame length. At the same time, we observed the increases in the optical emission intensities of OH and CH radicals. Despite the increases in the optical emission intensities, the optical emission spectra of OH and CH were not affected by the microwave irradiation, indicating that the enhancement of the burning velocity was not attributed to the increase in the gas temperature. On the other hand, we observed significant increase in the optical emission intensity of the second positive system of molecular nitrogen, which is a clear evidence for electron heating in the premixed burner flame. Therefore, it is considered that the enhancement of the burning velocity is obtained by nonequilibrium combustion chemistry which is driven by energetic electrons. By irradiating pulsed microwave power, we examined the time constants for the increases and decreases in the optical emission intensities of N2, OH, CH, and continuum radiation.

  13. The energy balance of the solar transition region

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Jordan, C.

    1980-01-01

    It is shown how the observed distribution of the emission measure with temperature can be used to limit the range of energy deposition functions suitable for heating the solar transition region and inner corona. The minimum energy loss solution is considered in view of the work by Hearn (1975) in order to establish further scaling laws between the transition region pressure, the maximum coronal temperature and the parameter giving the absolute value of the emission measure. Also discussed is the absence of a static energy balance at the base of the transition region in terms of measurable atmospheric parameters, and the condition for a static energy balance is given. In addition, the possible role of the emission from He II in stabilizing the atmosphere by providing enhanced radiation loss is considered.

  14. 40 CFR Table 5 to Subpart Ppppp of... - Continuous Compliance With Emission Limitations

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... THC concentration emission limitation a. Demonstrate CO or THC emissions are 20 ppmvd or less over..., according to § 63.9320; 2. CO or THC percent reduction emission limitation a. Demonstrate a reduction in CO or THC of 96 percent or more over each 4-hour rolling averaging period i. Collecting the CPMS data...

  15. 40 CFR Table 5 to Subpart Ppppp of... - Continuous Compliance With Emission Limitations

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... THC concentration emission limitation a. Demonstrate CO or THC emissions are 20 ppmvd or less over..., according to § 63.9320; 2. CO or THC percent reduction emission limitation a. Demonstrate a reduction in CO or THC of 96 percent or more over each 4-hour rolling averaging period i. Collecting the CPMS data...

  16. 40 CFR Table 5 to Subpart Ppppp of... - Continuous Compliance With Emission Limitations

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... THC concentration emission limitation a. Demonstrate CO or THC emissions are 20 ppmvd or less over..., according to § 63.9320; 2. CO or THC percent reduction emission limitation a. Demonstrate a reduction in CO or THC of 96 percent or more over each 4-hour rolling averaging period i. Collecting the CPMS data...

  17. 40 CFR Table 5 to Subpart Ppppp of... - Continuous Compliance With Emission Limitations

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... THC concentration emission limitation a. Demonstrate CO or THC emissions are 20 ppmvd or less over..., according to § 63.9320; 2. CO or THC percent reduction emission limitation a. Demonstrate a reduction in CO or THC of 96 percent or more over each 4-hour rolling averaging period i. Collecting the CPMS data...

  18. 40 CFR Table 5 to Subpart Ppppp of... - Continuous Compliance With Emission Limitations

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... THC concentration emission limitation a. Demonstrate CO or THC emissions are 20 ppmvd or less over..., according to § 63.9320; 2. CO or THC percent reduction emission limitation a. Demonstrate a reduction in CO or THC of 96 percent or more over each 4-hour rolling averaging period i. Collecting the CPMS data...

  19. 47 CFR 25.216 - Limits on emissions from mobile earth stations for protection of aeronautical radionavigation...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Limits on emissions from mobile earth stations... Technical Standards § 25.216 Limits on emissions from mobile earth stations for protection of aeronautical radionavigation-satellite service. (a) The e.i.r.p. density of emissions from mobile earth stations placed in...

  20. 47 CFR 25.216 - Limits on emissions from mobile earth stations for protection of aeronautical radionavigation...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Limits on emissions from mobile earth stations... Technical Standards § 25.216 Limits on emissions from mobile earth stations for protection of aeronautical radionavigation-satellite service. (a) The e.i.r.p. density of emissions from mobile earth stations placed in...

  1. 47 CFR 25.216 - Limits on emissions from mobile earth stations for protection of aeronautical radionavigation...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Limits on emissions from mobile earth stations... Technical Standards § 25.216 Limits on emissions from mobile earth stations for protection of aeronautical radionavigation-satellite service. (a) The e.i.r.p. density of emissions from mobile earth stations placed in...

  2. 47 CFR 25.216 - Limits on emissions from mobile earth stations for protection of aeronautical radionavigation...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Limits on emissions from mobile earth stations... Technical Standards § 25.216 Limits on emissions from mobile earth stations for protection of aeronautical radionavigation-satellite service. (a) The e.i.r.p. density of emissions from mobile earth stations placed in...

  3. 40 CFR Table 3 to Subpart Ddddd of... - Operating Limits for Boilers and Process Heaters With Mercury Emission Limits and Boilers and...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... Process Heaters With Mercury Emission Limits and Boilers and Process Heaters That Choose To Comply With... Heaters With Mercury Emission Limits and Boilers and Process Heaters That Choose To Comply With the... operating limits: If you demonstrate compliance with applicable mercury and/or total selected metals...

  4. 40 CFR 74.25 - Current promulgated SO2 emissions limit.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... promulgated SO2 emissions limit of the combustion source, expressed in lbs/mmBtu, which shall be the most... date. If the promulgated SO2 emissions limit is not expressed in lbs/mmBtu, the limit shall be converted to lbs/mmBtu by multiplying the limit by the appropriate factor as specified in Table 1 of § 74.23...

  5. Fuel, environmental, and transmission pricing considerations in a deregulated environment

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Obessis, Emmanouil Vlassios

    The 1992 National Energy Policy Act drastically changed the traditional structure of the vertically integrated utility. To facilitate increased competition in the power utility sector, all markets related to power generation have been opened to free competition and trading. To survive in the new competitive environment, power producers need to reduce costs and increase efficiency. Fuel marketing strategies are thus, getting more aggressive and fuel markets are becoming more competitive, offering more options regarding fuel supplies and contracts. At the same time, the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments are taking effect. Although tightening the emission standards, this legislation offers utilities a wider flexibility in choosing compliance strategies. It also set maximum annual allowable levels replacing the traditional uniform maximum emission rates. The bill also introduced the concept of marketable emission allowances and provided for the establishment of nationwide markets where allowances may be traded, sold, or purchased. Several fuel- and emission-constrained algorithms have been historically presented, but those two classes of constraints, in general, were handled independently. The multiobjective optimization model developed in this research work, concurrently satisfies sets of detailed fuel and emission limits, modeling in a more accurate way the fuel supply and environmental limitations and their complexities in the new deregulated operational environment. Development of the implementation software is an integral part of this research project. This software may be useful for both daily scheduling activities and short-term operational planning. A Lagrangian multipliers-based variant is used to solve the problem. Single line searches are used to update the multipliers, thus offering attractive execution times. This work also investigates the applicability of cooperative games to the problem of transmission cost allocation. Interest in game theory as a powerful tool to solve common property allocation problems has been renewed. A simple allocation framework is developed using capacity based costing rules. Different solution concepts are applied to solve small scale transmission pricing problems. Game models may render themselves useful in investigating "what if" scenarios.

  6. The disc-jet symbiosis emerges: modelling the emission of Sagittarius A* with electron thermodynamics

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ressler, S. M.; Tchekhovskoy, A.; Quataert, E.; Gammie, C. F.

    2017-05-01

    We calculate the radiative properties of Sagittarius A* - spectral energy distribution, variability and radio-infrared images - using the first 3D, physically motivated black hole accretion models that directly evolve the electron thermodynamics in general relativistic MHD simulations. These models reproduce the coupled disc-jet structure for the emission favoured by previous phenomenological analytic and numerical works. More specifically, we find that the low frequency radio emission is dominated by emission from a polar outflow while the emission above 100 GHz is dominated by the inner region of the accretion disc. The latter produces time variable near-infrared (NIR) and X-ray emission, with frequent flaring events (including IR flares without corresponding X-ray flares and IR flares with weak X-ray flares). The photon ring is clearly visible at 230 GHz and 2 μm, which is encouraging for future horizon-scale observations. We also show that anisotropic electron thermal conduction along magnetic field lines has a negligible effect on the radiative properties of our model. We conclude by noting limitations of our current generation of first-principles models, particularly that the outflow is closer to adiabatic than isothermal and thus underpredicts the low frequency radio emission.

  7. Modeling, Fabrication, and Electrical Testing of Metal-Insulator-Metal Diode

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2011-12-01

    1 2. MIM Model 1 2.1 Potential Energy and Image Potential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2.2 Thermionic Emission -limited Current ...4 4 Thermionic emission -limited current through the symmetric MIM diode in figure 1...7 7 Absolute value of tunnel-limited, thermal emission -limited, and total currents vs. applied bias for the

  8. 40 CFR 60.2110 - What operating limits must I meet and by when?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... for Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units Emission Limitations and Operating Limits... zero to a level equivalent to at least two times your allowable emission limit. If your PM CPMS is an... of reading PM concentration from zero to a level equivalent to two times your allowable emission...

  9. 40 CFR Appendix B to Part 72 - Methodology for Conversion of Emissions Limits

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 16 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Methodology for Conversion of... Conversion of Emissions Limits For the purposes of the Acid Rain Program, all emissions limits must be... conditions. Generic conversions for these limits are based on the assumed average energy contents listed in...

  10. 40 CFR Appendix B to Part 72 - Methodology for Conversion of Emissions Limits

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 16 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Methodology for Conversion of... Conversion of Emissions Limits For the purposes of the Acid Rain Program, all emissions limits must be... conditions. Generic conversions for these limits are based on the assumed average energy contents listed in...

  11. 40 CFR Table 3 to Subpart Jjjjjj... - Operating Limits for Boilers With Emission Limits

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... performance test demonstrating compliance with the PM emission limitation. 4. Dry sorbent or carbon injection control Maintain the sorbent or carbon injection rate at or above the lowest 2-hour average sorbent flow... emissions limitation. When your boiler operates at lower loads, multiply your sorbent or carbon injection...

  12. 40 CFR 76.6 - NOX emission limitations for Group 2 boilers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) ACID RAIN NITROGEN OXIDES EMISSION REDUCTION PROGRAM § 76.6 NOX emission limitations..., the date on which the unit is required to meet Acid Rain emission reduction requirements for SO2, the...

  13. 40 CFR 76.6 - NOX emission limitations for Group 2 boilers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) ACID RAIN NITROGEN OXIDES EMISSION REDUCTION PROGRAM § 76.6 NOX emission limitations..., the date on which the unit is required to meet Acid Rain emission reduction requirements for SO2, the...

  14. 40 CFR 76.6 - NOX emission limitations for Group 2 boilers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) ACID RAIN NITROGEN OXIDES EMISSION REDUCTION PROGRAM § 76.6 NOX emission limitations..., the date on which the unit is required to meet Acid Rain emission reduction requirements for SO2, the...

  15. 40 CFR 76.6 - NOX emission limitations for Group 2 boilers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) ACID RAIN NITROGEN OXIDES EMISSION REDUCTION PROGRAM § 76.6 NOX emission limitations..., the date on which the unit is required to meet Acid Rain emission reduction requirements for SO2, the...

  16. 40 CFR 76.6 - NOX emission limitations for Group 2 boilers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) ACID RAIN NITROGEN OXIDES EMISSION REDUCTION PROGRAM § 76.6 NOX emission limitations..., the date on which the unit is required to meet Acid Rain emission reduction requirements for SO2, the...

  17. 47 CFR 22.731 - Emission limitations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Emission limitations. 22.731 Section 22.731 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES PUBLIC MOBILE SERVICES Rural Radiotelephone Service Conventional Rural Radiotelephone Stations § 22.731 Emission limitations. Upon application...

  18. 40 CFR Table 7 to Subpart Cccc of... - Emission Limitations for Waste-Burning Kilns That Commenced Construction After June 4, 2010, or...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 7 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Emission Limitations for Waste-Burning..., Table 7 Table 7 to Subpart CCCC of Part 60—Emission Limitations for Waste-Burning Kilns That Commenced... limit. b NOX limits for new waste-burning kilns based on data for best-performing similar source...

  19. Single excitation-emission fluorescence spectrum (EEF) for determination of cetane improver in diesel fuel.

    PubMed

    Insausti, Matías; Fernández Band, Beatriz S

    2015-04-05

    A highly sensitive spectrofluorimetric method has been developed for the determination of 2-ethylhexyl nitrate in diesel fuel. Usually, this compound is used as an additive in order to improve cetane number. The analytical method consists in building the chemometric model as a first step. Then, it is possible to quantify the analyte with only recording a single excitation-emission fluorescence spectrum (EEF), whose data are introduced in the chemometric model above mentioned. Another important characteristic of this method is that the fuel sample was used without any pre-treatment for EEF. This work provides an interest improvement to fluorescence techniques using the rapid and easily applicable EEF approach to analyze such complex matrices. Exploding EEF was the key to a successful determination, obtaining a detection limit of 0.00434% (v/v) and a limit of quantification of 0.01446% (v/v). Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  20. Kiln emissions and potters' exposures.

    PubMed

    Hirtle, B; Teschke, K; van Netten, C; Brauer, M

    1998-10-01

    Some ten thousand British Columbia potters work in small private studios, cooperative facilities, educational institutions, or recreation centers. There has been considerable concern that this diffuse, largely unregulated activity may involve exposures to unacceptable levels of kiln emissions. Pottery kiln emissions were measured at 50 sites--10 from each of 5 categories: professional studios, recreation centers, elementary schools, secondary schools, and colleges. Area monitoring was done 76 cm from firing kilns and 1.6 m above the floor to assess breathing zone concentrations of nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, fluorides, aldehydes, aluminum, antimony, arsenic, barium, beryllium, boron, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, gold, iron, lead, lithium, magnesium, manganese, mercury, nickel, selenium, silver, vanadium, and zinc. Personal exposures to the same metals were measured at 24 sites. Almost all measured values were well below permissible concentrations for British Columbia work sites and American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) threshold limit values (TLVs) with the following two exceptions. A single firing duration (495 minute) acrolein measurement adjacent to an electric kiln (0.109 ppm) exceeded these guidelines. One 15-minute sulfur dioxide measurement collected adjacent to a gas kiln (5.7 ppm) exceeded the ACGIH short-term exposure limit. The fact that concentrations in small, ventilated kiln rooms ranked among the highest measured gives rise to concern that unacceptable levels of contamination may exist where small kiln rooms remain unventilated. Custom designed exhaust hoods and industrial heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning systems were the most effective ventilation strategies. Passive diffusion and wall/window fans were least effective.

  1. Sampling for Air Chemical Emissions from the Life Sciences Laboratory II

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Ballinger, Marcel Y.; Lindberg, Michael J.

    Sampling for air chemical emissions from the Life Science Laboratory II (LSL-II) ventilation stack was performed in an effort to determine potential exposure of maintenance staff to laboratory exhaust on the building roof. The concern about worker exposure was raised in December 2015 and several activities were performed to assist in estimating exposure concentrations. Data quality objectives were developed to determine the need for and scope and parameters of a sampling campaign to measure chemical emissions from research and development activities to the outside air. The activities provided data on temporal variation of air chemical concentrations and a basis formore » evaluating calculated emissions. Sampling for air chemical emissions was performed in the LSL-II ventilation stack over the 6-week period from July 26 to September 1, 2016. A total of 12 sampling events were carried out using 16 sample media. Resulting analysis provided concentration data on 49 analytes. All results were below occupational exposure limits and most results were below detection limits. When compared to calculated emissions, only 5 of the 49 chemicals had measured concentrations greater than predicted. This sampling effort will inform other study components to develop a more complete picture of a worker’s potential exposure from LSL-II rooftop activities. Mixing studies were conducted to inform spatial variation in concentrations at other rooftop locations and can be used in conjunction with these results to provide temporal variations in concentrations for estimating the potential exposure to workers working in and around the LSL-II stack.« less

  2. An X-ray Observation of the L1251 Dark Cloud

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Simon, Theodore

    2006-01-01

    An X-ray image of the L1251 dark cloud in Cepheus was obtained with the XMM-Newton telescope. More than three dozen sources were detected above a 3 delta limit in X-ray luminosity of L(sub X = 10(exp 29) ergs/s. Among the detections are eight optically visible T Tauri stars, which had been identified in earlier work from their emission at H(alpha). The two strongest X-ray sources have steady luminosities of L(sub X) approx. 10(exp 31) ergs/s and are at the saturation limit for X-ray activity in late-type stars, L(sub X)/L(sub bol) approx. 10(exp -3). X-ray emission was also observed from two CO emission cores in L1251, core C (L1251A) and core E (L1251B). Both regions contain high-velocity molecular gas, bright IRAS sources (Class I protostars), thermal radio sources, and Herbig-Haro (HH) jets. In L1251A strong X-ray emission was discovered in close proximity to the near-inbred and radio source IRSA/VLA 7 and to IRAS 22343+7501. IRSA/VLA 7 thus appears to be the most likely source of the molecular and HH outflows in L1251A. In L1251B X-ray emission was observed from a visible T Tauri star, KP2-44, which is thought to be the driving source for HH 189. Also reported is the tentative detection of X-ray emission from VLA 3, a thermal radio continuum source in L1251B that is closely associated with the extreme Class I protostar IRAS 22376+7455.

  3. 40 CFR Table 1 to Subpart Uuuu of... - Emission Limits and Work Practice Standards

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... least once per month as specified in § 63.148(f)(2)). 12. heat exchanger system that cools process equipment or materials in the process unit each existing or new affected source monitor and repair the heat exchanger system according to § 63.104(a) through (e), except that references to “chemical manufacturing...

  4. 40 CFR Table 1 to Subpart Uuuu of... - Emission Limits and Work Practice Standards

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... least once per month as specified in § 63.148(f)(2)). 12. heat exchanger system that cools process equipment or materials in the process unit each existing or new affected source monitor and repair the heat exchanger system according to § 63.104(a) through (e), except that references to “chemical manufacturing...

  5. 40 CFR Table 1 to Subpart Uuuu of... - Emission Limits and Work Practice Standards

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... least once per month as specified in § 63.148(f)(2)). 12. heat exchanger system that cools process equipment or materials in the process unit each existing or new affected source monitor and repair the heat exchanger system according to § 63.104(a) through (e), except that references to “chemical manufacturing...

  6. 40 CFR Table 6 to Subpart Kkkkk of... - Continuous Compliance With Emission Limitations and Work Practice Standards

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... or DLS/FF i. If you use a bag leak detection system, initiating corrective action within 1 hour of a bag leak detection system alarm and completing corrective actions in accordance with your OM&M plan... established during the performance test; and iv. If chemicals are added to the scrubber water, collecting the...

  7. 40 CFR Table 1 to Subpart IIIii of... - Work Practice Standards-Design, Operation, and Maintenance Requirements

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Pollutants: Mercury Emissions From Mercury Cell Chlor-Alkali Plants Pt. 63, Subpt. IIIII, Table 1 Table 1 to... . . . 1. Cell rooms a. For new or modified cell rooms, construct each cell room interior using materials... mercury spills or accumulations, and are easy to clean. b. Limit access around and beneath mercury cells...

  8. 40 CFR Table 1 to Subpart Uuuu of... - Emission Limits and Work Practice Standards

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... least once per month as specified in § 63.148(f)(2)). 12. heat exchanger system that cools process equipment or materials in the process unit each existing or new affected source monitor and repair the heat exchanger system according to § 63.104(a) through (e), except that references to “chemical manufacturing...

  9. 40 CFR 63.7283 - When do I have to comply with this subpart?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ..., 2006. (b) If you have a new affected source and its initial startup date is on or before April 14, 2003... its initial startup date is after April 14, 2003, you must comply with each emission limitation, work... initial startup. (d) You must meet the notification and schedule requirements in § 63.7340. Several of...

  10. 40 CFR 63.7283 - When do I have to comply with this subpart?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ..., 2006. (b) If you have a new affected source and its initial startup date is on or before April 14, 2003... its initial startup date is after April 14, 2003, you must comply with each emission limitation, work... initial startup. (d) You must meet the notification and schedule requirements in § 63.7340. Several of...

  11. 40 CFR 63.7283 - When do I have to comply with this subpart?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ..., 2006. (b) If you have a new affected source and its initial startup date is on or before April 14, 2003... its initial startup date is after April 14, 2003, you must comply with each emission limitation, work... initial startup. (d) You must meet the notification and schedule requirements in § 63.7340. Several of...

  12. 40 CFR 63.7283 - When do I have to comply with this subpart?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ..., 2006. (b) If you have a new affected source and its initial startup date is on or before April 14, 2003... its initial startup date is after April 14, 2003, you must comply with each emission limitation, work... initial startup. (d) You must meet the notification and schedule requirements in § 63.7340. Several of...

  13. 40 CFR 63.7283 - When do I have to comply with this subpart?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ..., 2006. (b) If you have a new affected source and its initial startup date is on or before April 14, 2003... its initial startup date is after April 14, 2003, you must comply with each emission limitation, work... initial startup. (d) You must meet the notification and schedule requirements in § 63.7340. Several of...

  14. 40 CFR 63.7530 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limits and work practice standards?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ..., Fuel Analyses, and Initial Compliance Requirements § 63.7530 How do I demonstrate initial compliance... this section, and Tables 5 and 7 to this subpart OR conducting initial fuel analyses to determine... in one of the liquid fuel subcategories that burn only fossil fuels and other gases and do not burn...

  15. 40 CFR 63.7896 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emissions limitations and work practice...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Site Remediation Tanks § 63.7896 How do I demonstrate initial...) for the tanks to be used for your site remediation. (2) You have determined, according to the procedures in § 63.7944, and recorded the maximum HAP vapor pressure of the remediation material placed in...

  16. 40 CFR 63.7901 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emissions limitations and work practice...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Site Remediation Containers § 63.7901 How do I demonstrate initial... specified in § 63.7990 for the containers to be used for your site remediation. (2) You have determined and recorded the maximum vapor pressure or total organic concentration for the remediation material placed in...

  17. 47 CFR 87.139 - Emission limitations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Emission limitations. 87.139 Section 87.139 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) SAFETY AND SPECIAL RADIO SERVICES AVIATION SERVICES Technical Requirements § 87.139 Emission limitations. (a) Except for ELTs and when using single sideband...

  18. 47 CFR 22.917 - Emission limitations for cellular equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Emission limitations for cellular equipment. 22.917 Section 22.917 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES PUBLIC MOBILE SERVICES Cellular Radiotelephone Service § 22.917 Emission limitations for cellular...

  19. 47 CFR 22.917 - Emission limitations for cellular equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Emission limitations for cellular equipment. 22.917 Section 22.917 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES PUBLIC MOBILE SERVICES Cellular Radiotelephone Service § 22.917 Emission limitations for cellular...

  20. An LUR/BME framework to estimate PM2.5 explained by on road mobile and stationary sources.

    PubMed

    Reyes, Jeanette M; Serre, Marc L

    2014-01-01

    Knowledge of particulate matter concentrations <2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) across the United States is limited due to sparse monitoring across space and time. Epidemiological studies need accurate exposure estimates in order to properly investigate potential morbidity and mortality. Previous works have used geostatistics and land use regression (LUR) separately to quantify exposure. This work combines both methods by incorporating a large area variability LUR model that accounts for on road mobile emissions and stationary source emissions along with data that take into account incompleteness of PM2.5 monitors into the modern geostatistical Bayesian Maximum Entropy (BME) framework to estimate PM2.5 across the United States from 1999 to 2009. A cross-validation was done to determine the improvement of the estimate due to the LUR incorporation into BME. These results were applied to known diseases to determine predicted mortality coming from total PM2.5 as well as PM2.5 explained by major contributing sources. This method showed a mean squared error reduction of over 21.89% oversimple kriging. PM2.5 explained by on road mobile emissions and stationary emissions contributed to nearly 568,090 and 306,316 deaths, respectively, across the United States from 1999 to 2007.

Some links on this page may take you to non-federal websites. Their policies may differ from this site.
Top