Toward a treaty on safety and cost-effectiveness of pharmaceuticals and medical devices: enhancing an endangered global public good

PubMed Central

Faunce, Thomas Alured

2006-01-01

• Expert evaluations of the safety, efficacy and cost-effectiveness of pharmaceutical and medical devices, prior to marketing approval or reimbursement listing, collectively represent a globally important public good. The scientific processes involved play a major role in protecting the public from product risks such as unintended or adverse events, sub-standard production and unnecessary burdens on individual and governmental healthcare budgets. • Most States now have an increasing policy interest in this area, though institutional arrangements, particularly in the area of cost-effectiveness analysis of medical devices, are not uniformly advanced and are fragile in the face of opposing multinational industry pressure to recoup investment and maintain profit margins. • This paper examines the possibility, in this context, of States commencing negotiations toward bilateral trade agreement provisions, and ultimately perhaps a multilateral Treaty, on safety, efficacy and cost-effectiveness analysis of pharmaceuticals and medical devices. Such obligations may robustly facilitate a conceptually interlinked, but endangered, global public good, without compromising the capacity of intellectual property laws to facilitate local product innovations. PMID:16569240

Myosin-driven rescue of contractile reserve and energetics in mouse hearts bearing familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy-associated mutant troponin T is mutation-specific.

PubMed

He, Huamei; Hoyer, Kirsten; Tao, Hai; Rice, Ronald; Jimenez, Jesus; Tardiff, Jil C; Ingwall, Joanne S

2012-11-01

The thin filament protein troponin T (TnT) is a regulator of sarcomere function. Whole heart energetics and contractile reserve are compromised in transgenic mice bearing missense mutations at R92 within the tropomyosin-binding domain of cTnT, despite being distal to the ATP hydrolysis domain of myosin. These mutations are associated with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHC). Here we test the hypothesis that genetically replacing murine αα-MyHC with murine ββ-MyHC in hearts bearing the R92Q cTnT mutation, a particularly lethal FHC-associated mutation, leads to sufficiently large perturbations in sarcomere function to rescue whole heart energetics and decrease the cost of contraction. By comparing R92Q cTnT and R92L cTnT mutant hearts, we also test whether any rescue is mutation-specific. We defined the energetic state of the isolated perfused heart using (31)P-NMR spectroscopy while simultaneously measuring contractile performance at four work states. We found that the cost of increasing contraction in intact mouse hearts with R92Q cTnT depends on the type of myosin present in the thick filament. We also found that the salutary effect of this manoeuvre is mutation-specific, demonstrating the major regulatory role of cTnT on sarcomere function at the whole heart level.

Implementing regional sediment management to sustain navigation at an energetic tidal inlet

USGS Publications Warehouse

Moritz, H.R.; Gelfenbaum, G.R.; Kaminsky, G.M.; Ruggiero, P.; Oltman-shay, J.; Mckillip, D.J.

2007-01-01

Regional Sediment Management (RSM) is a systems-based approach for managing multiple projects involving sediment. RSM fosters balance between infrastructure and natural system processes, resulting in reduced project costs and achievement of greater benefits. This paper introduces the RSM concept and describes how RSM is being implemented at the Mouth of the Columbia River to sustain the inlet's 100-year old navigation infrastructure and adjacent shore lands. Implementing RSM at this energetic inlet involves feeding the inlet's morphology using dredged material, and letting nature do the work of dispersing the placed dredged material to supplement the inlet's sediment budget, without compromising the reliability of the navigation channel. The paper discusses the types of data that are being collected and analyzed to understand the environmental forcing affecting the inlet's morphology. The paper also addresses how dredged material disposal is being conducted to implement RSM.

Closing loop base pairs in RNA loop-loop complexes: structural behavior, interaction energy and solvation analysis through molecular dynamics simulations.

PubMed

Golebiowski, Jérôme; Antonczak, Serge; Fernandez-Carmona, Juan; Condom, Roger; Cabrol-Bass, Daniel

2004-12-01

Nanosecond molecular dynamics using the Ewald summation method have been performed to elucidate the structural and energetic role of the closing base pair in loop-loop RNA duplexes neutralized by Mg2+ counterions in aqueous phases. Mismatches GA, CU and Watson-Crick GC base pairs have been considered for closing the loop of an RNA in complementary interaction with HIV-1 TAR. The simulations reveal that the mismatch GA base, mediated by a water molecule, leads to a complex that presents the best compromise between flexibility and energetic contributions. The mismatch CU base pair, in spite of the presence of an inserted water molecule, is too short to achieve a tight interaction at the closing-loop junction and seems to force TAR to reorganize upon binding. An energetic analysis has allowed us to quantify the strength of the interactions of the closing and the loop-loop pairs throughout the simulations. Although the water-mediated GA closing base pair presents an interaction energy similar to that found on fully geometry-optimized structure, the water-mediated CU closing base pair energy interaction reaches less than half the optimal value.

Aerial surveys of endangered whales in the Alaskan Chukchi and western Beaufort Seas, 1990. Final report, Oct-Nov 90

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Moore, S.E.; Clarke, J.T.

1991-06-01

In keeping with the National Environmental Policy Act (1969), the Marine Mammal Protection Act (1972) and the Endangered Species Act (1973), the OCS Lands Act Amendments (1978) established a management policy that included studies in OCS lease sale areas to ascertain potential environmental impacts of oil and gas development on OCS marine coastal environments. The Minerals Management Service (MMS) is the agency responsible for these studies and for the leasing of submerged Federal lands. The report summarizes the 1990 investigations of the distribution, abundance, migration, behavior and habitat relationships of endangered whales in the Alaskan Chukchi and western Beaufort Seasmore » (hereafter, study area); 1990 was the second of a three year (1989-91) study. The Bering Sea stock of bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) was the principal species studied, with incidental sightings of all other marine mammals routinely recorded. The 1990 season was compromised by circumstances that restricted the availability of the survey aircraft (Grumman Goose, model G21G) to the period 26 October - 7 November; opportunistic surveys were flown in the study area from 3-25 October. In 1990, there were 14 sightings of 19 bowheads from 9-29 October; 5 whales, including 2 calves, were seen north of the study area. One gray whale, 110 belukhas and 53 polar bears were also seen. Over nine survey seasons (1982-90), there were 240 sightings of 520 bowhead whales and 148 sightings of 398 gray whales.« less

Myosin-driven rescue of contractile reserve and energetics in mouse hearts bearing familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy-associated mutant troponin T is mutation-specific

PubMed Central

He, Huamei; Hoyer, Kirsten; Tao, Hai; Rice, Ronald; Jimenez, Jesus; Tardiff, Jil C; Ingwall, Joanne S

2012-01-01

The thin filament protein troponin T (TnT) is a regulator of sarcomere function. Whole heart energetics and contractile reserve are compromised in transgenic mice bearing missense mutations at R92 within the tropomyosin-binding domain of cTnT, despite being distal to the ATP hydrolysis domain of myosin. These mutations are associated with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHC). Here we test the hypothesis that genetically replacing murine αα-MyHC with murine ββ-MyHC in hearts bearing the R92Q cTnT mutation, a particularly lethal FHC-associated mutation, leads to sufficiently large perturbations in sarcomere function to rescue whole heart energetics and decrease the cost of contraction. By comparing R92Q cTnT and R92L cTnT mutant hearts, we also test whether any rescue is mutation-specific. We defined the energetic state of the isolated perfused heart using 31P-NMR spectroscopy while simultaneously measuring contractile performance at four work states. We found that the cost of increasing contraction in intact mouse hearts with R92Q cTnT depends on the type of myosin present in the thick filament. We also found that the salutary effect of this manoeuvre is mutation-specific, demonstrating the major regulatory role of cTnT on sarcomere function at the whole heart level. PMID:22907055

Sirenian life history

USGS Publications Warehouse

Bonde, Robert K.

2018-01-01

Sirenians, including the manatees and dugongs, are large herbivorous mammals that have evolved to an aquatic form since the Eocene epoch. Sirenians have unique adaptations, including dense bone for ballast and a longitudinal hemidiaphragm separating paired lungs (which aid in maintaining a horizontal posture in the water column), species-specific rostral deflection, and unique dentition for specialized feeding, which all contribute to their success. All sirenians produce one calf per breeding cycle and have long calf-dependency periods. Low reproduction rates are common for long-lived, large mammals, but may compromise their existence in today’s quickly changing world today. All sirenian populations are listed as either threatened or endangered, and some local stocks have been completely extirpated by human activities.

Nursing under the influence: a relational ethics perspective.

PubMed

Kunyk, Diane; Austin, Wendy

2012-05-01

When nurses have active and untreated addictions, patient safety may be compromised and nurse-health endangered. Genuine responses are required to fulfil nurses' moral obligations to their patients as well as to their nurse-colleagues. Guided by core elements of relational ethics, the influences of nursing organizational responses along with the practice environment in shaping the situation are contemplated. This approach identifies the importance of consistency with nursing values, acknowledges nurses interdependence, and addresses the role of nursing organization as moral agent. By examining the relational space, the tension between what appears to be opposing moral responsibilities may be healed. Ongoing discourse to identify authentic actions for the professional practice issue of nursing under the influence is called upon.

Voluntary exercise at the expense of reproductive success in Djungarian hamsters ( Phodopus sungorus)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Petri, Ines; Scherbarth, Frank; Steinlechner, Stephan

2010-09-01

Energy demands of gestation and lactation represent a severe challenge for small mammals. Therefore, additional energetic burdens may compromise successful breeding. In small rodents, food restriction, cold exposure (also in combination) and wheel running to obtain food have been shown to diminish reproductive outcome. Although exhibited responses such as lower incidence of pregnancy, extended lactation periods and maternal infanticide were species dependent, their common function is to adjust energetic costs to the metabolic state reflecting the trade-off between maternal investment and self-maintenance. In the present study, we sought to examine whether voluntary exercise affects reproduction in Djungarian hamsters ( Phodopus sungorus), which are known for their high motivation to run in a wheel. Voluntary exercise resulted in two different effects on reproduction; in addition to increased infanticide and cannibalism, which was evident across all experiments, the results of one experiment provided evidence that free access to a running wheel may prevent successful pregnancy. It seems likely that the impact of voluntary wheel running on reproduction was associated with a reduction of internal energy resources evoked by extensive exercise. Since the hamsters were neither food-restricted nor forced to run in the present study, an energetic deficit as reason for infanticide in exercising dams would emphasise the particularly high motivation to run in a wheel.

Balancing energy and entropy: A minimalist model for the characterization of protein folding landscapes

PubMed Central

Das, Payel; Matysiak, Silvina; Clementi, Cecilia

2005-01-01

Coarse-grained models have been extremely valuable in promoting our understanding of protein folding. However, the quantitative accuracy of existing simplified models is strongly hindered either from the complete removal of frustration (as in the widely used Gō-like models) or from the compromise with the minimal frustration principle and/or realistic protein geometry (as in the simple on-lattice models). We present a coarse-grained model that “naturally” incorporates sequence details and energetic frustration into an overall minimally frustrated folding landscape. The model is coupled with an optimization procedure to design the parameters of the protein Hamiltonian to fold into a desired native structure. The application to the study of src-Src homology 3 domain shows that this coarse-grained model contains the main physical-chemical ingredients that are responsible for shaping the folding landscape of this protein. The results illustrate the importance of nonnative interactions and energetic heterogeneity for a quantitative characterization of folding mechanisms. PMID:16006532

One-dimensional energetic particle quasilinear diffusion for realistic TAE instabilities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Duarte, Vinicius; Ghantous, Katy; Berk, Herbert; Gorelenkov, Nikolai

2014-10-01

Owing to the proximity of the characteristic phase (Alfvén) velocity and typical energetic particle (EP) superthermal velocities, toroidicity-induced Alfvén eigenmodes (TAEs) can be resonantly destabilized endangering the plasma performance. Thus, it is of ultimate importance to understand the deleterious effects on the confinement resulting from fast ion driven instabilities expected in fusion-grade plasmas. We propose to study the interaction of EPs and TAEs using a line broadened quasilinear model, which captures the interaction in both regimes of isolated and overlapping modes. The resonance particles diffuse in the phase space where the problem essentially reduces to one dimension with constant kinetic energy and the diffusion mainly along the canonical toroidal angular momentum. Mode structure and wave particle resonances are computed by the NOVA code and are used in a quasilinear diffusion code that is being written to study the evolution of the distribution function, under the assumption that they can be considered virtually unalterable during the diffusion. A new scheme for the resonant particle diffusion is being proposed that builds on the 1-D nature of the diffusion from a single mode, which leads to a momentum conserving difference scheme even when there is mode overlap.

Prediction of high-energy radiation belt electron fluxes using a combined VERB-NARMAX model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pakhotin, I. P.; Balikhin, M. A.; Shprits, Y.; Subbotin, D.; Boynton, R.

2013-12-01

This study is concerned with the modelling and forecasting of energetic electron fluxes that endanger satellites in space. By combining data-driven predictions from the NARMAX methodology with the physics-based VERB code, it becomes possible to predict electron fluxes with a high level of accuracy and across a radial distance from inside the local acceleration region to out beyond geosynchronous orbit. The model coupling also makes is possible to avoid accounting for seed electron variations at the outer boundary. Conversely, combining a convection code with the VERB and NARMAX models has the potential to provide even greater accuracy in forecasting that is not limited to geostationary orbit but makes predictions across the entire outer radiation belt region.

Christian charity: the Unitarian Service Committee's relief activities on behalf of refugees from Nazism, 1940-5.

PubMed

GENIZI, H

1987-01-01

The Unitanan Service Committee (USC) was one of a number of American Christian organizations which aided refugees, mostly Christians, during the Nazi period. Although modelled somewhat after the Quakers' American Friends Service Committee, the USC differed from this group in its opposition to neutrality and openly expressed support for the Allied cause Despite its late start (1940) in overseas work, the USC was very energetic and creative in aiding refugees. The Committee was also the only relief agency in Lisbon specializing in care for illegal refugees. This case study points to how much might have been accomplished had there been greater determination on the part of more people to aid the innocents endangered by the Nazis.

Metabolic changes in droplet vitrified semen of wild endangered Persian sturgeon Acipenser persicus (Borodin, 1997).

PubMed

Abed-Elmdoust, Amirreza; Farahmand, Hamid; Mojazi-Amiri, Bagher; Rafiee, Gholamreza; Rahimi, Ruhollah

2017-06-01

Comparative quantitative metabolite profiling can be used for better understanding of cell functions and dysfunctions in particular circumstances such as sperm banking which is an important approach for cryopreservation of endangered species. Cryopreservation techniques have some deleterious effects on spermatozoa which put the obtained results in controversy. Therefore, in the present study, quantitative 1 H NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) based metabolite profiling was conducted to evaluate metabolite changes related to energetics and some other detected metabolites in vitrified semen of critically endangered wild Acipenser persicus. The semen was diluted with extenders containing 0, 5, 10, and 15 μM of fish antifreeze protein (AFP) type III as a cryoprotectant. Semen-extenders were vitrified and stored for two days. Based on post-thaw motility duration and motility percentage assessments, two treatments with 10 μM and 0 μM of AFP had the highest and the lowest motility percentages respectively and they were objected to 1 H NMR spectroscopy investigations in order to reveal the extremes of the metabolites dynamic range. Univariate (ANOVA) and multivariate (PCA) analysis of the resulting metabolic profiles indicated significant changes (P > 0.05) in metabolites. The level of some metabolites including acetate, adenine, creatine, creatine phosphate, lactate, betaine, sarcosine, β-alanine and trimethylamine N-oxide significantly decreased in vitrified semen while some others such as creatinine, guanidinoacetate, N, N-dimethylglycine, and glycine significantly increased. There were also significant differences between vitrified treatments in levels of creatine, creatine phosphate, creatinine, glucose, guanidinoacetate, lactate, N, N-dimethylglycine, and glycine, suggesting how fish AFP type III can be effective as a cryoprotectant. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Modelling Solar Energetic Particle Propagation in Realistic Heliospheric Solar Wind Conditions Using a Combined MHD and Stochastic Differential Equation Approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wijsen, N.; Poedts, S.; Pomoell, J.

2017-12-01

Solar energetic particles (SEPs) are high energy particles originating from solar eruptive events. These particles can be energised at solar flare sites during magnetic reconnection events, or in shock waves propagating in front of coronal mass ejections (CMEs). These CME-driven shocks are in particular believed to act as powerful accelerators of charged particles throughout their propagation in the solar corona. After escaping from their acceleration site, SEPs propagate through the heliosphere and may eventually reach our planet where they can disrupt the microelectronics on satellites in orbit and endanger astronauts among other effects. Therefore it is of vital importance to understand and thereby build models capable of predicting the characteristics of SEP events. The propagation of SEPs in the heliosphere can be described by the time-dependent focused transport equation. This five-dimensional parabolic partial differential equation can be solved using e.g., a finite difference method or by integrating a set of corresponding first order stochastic differential equations. In this work we take the latter approach to model SEP events under different solar wind and scattering conditions. The background solar wind in which the energetic particles propagate is computed using a magnetohydrodynamic model. This allows us to study the influence of different realistic heliospheric configurations on SEP transport. In particular, in this study we focus on exploring the influence of high speed solar wind streams originating from coronal holes that are located close to the eruption source region on the resulting particle characteristics at Earth. Finally, we discuss our upcoming efforts towards integrating our particle propagation model with time-dependent heliospheric MHD space weather modelling.

Thermodynamics of cooperative binding of FAD to human NQO1: Implications to understanding cofactor-dependent function and stability of the flavoproteome.

PubMed

Clavería-Gimeno, Rafael; Velazquez-Campoy, Adrian; Pey, Angel Luis

2017-12-15

The stability of human flavoproteins strongly depends on flavin levels, although the structural and energetic basis of this relationship is poorly understood. Here, we report an in-depth analysis on the thermodynamics of FAD binding to one of the most representative examples of such relationship, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). NQO1 is a dimeric enzyme that tightly binds FAD, which triggers large structural changes upon binding. A common cancer-associated polymorphism (P187S) severely compromises FAD binding. We show that FAD binding is described well by a thermodynamic model explicitly incorporating binding cooperativity when applied to different sets of calorimetric analyses and NQO1 variants, thus providing insight on the effects in vitro and in cells of cancer-associated P187S, its suppressor mutation H80R and the role of NQO1 C-terminal domain to modulate binding cooperativity and energetics. Furthermore, we show that FAD binding to NQO1 is very sensitive to physiologically relevant environmental conditions, such as the presence of phosphate buffer and salts. Overall, our results contribute to understanding at the molecular level the link between NQO1 stability and fluctuations of FAD levels intracellularly, and supports the notion that FAD binding energetics and cooperativity are fundamentally linked with the dynamic nature of apo-NQO1 conformational ensemble. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Energetic plasticity underlies a variable response to ocean acidification in the pteropod, Limacina helicina antarctica.

PubMed

Seibel, Brad A; Maas, Amy E; Dierssen, Heidi M

2012-01-01

Ocean acidification, caused by elevated seawater carbon dioxide levels, may have a deleterious impact on energetic processes in animals. Here we show that high PCO(2) can suppress metabolism, measured as oxygen consumption, in the pteropod, L. helicina forma antarctica, by ∼20%. The rates measured at 180-380 µatm (MO(2)  =  1.25 M(-0.25), p  =  0.007) were significantly higher (ANCOVA, p  =  0.004) than those measured at elevated target CO(2) levels in 2007 (789-1000 µatm,  =  0.78 M(-0.32), p  =  0.0008; Fig. 1). However, we further demonstrate metabolic plasticity in response to regional phytoplankton concentration and that the response to CO(2) is dependent on the baseline level of metabolism. We hypothesize that reduced regional Chl a levels in 2008 suppressed metabolism and masked the effect of ocean acidification. This effect of food limitation was not, we postulate, merely a result of gut clearance and specific dynamic action, but rather represents a sustained metabolic response to regional conditions. Thus, pteropod populations may be compromised by climate change, both directly via CO(2)-induced metabolic suppression, and indirectly via quantitative and qualitative changes to the phytoplankton community. Without the context provided by long-term observations (four seasons) and a multi-faceted laboratory analysis of the parameters affecting energetics, the complex response of polar pteropods to ocean acidification may be masked or misinterpreted.

Energetic Plasticity Underlies a Variable Response to Ocean Acidification in the Pteropod, Limacina helicina antarctica

PubMed Central

Seibel, Brad A.; Maas, Amy E.; Dierssen, Heidi M.

2012-01-01

Ocean acidification, caused by elevated seawater carbon dioxide levels, may have a deleterious impact on energetic processes in animals. Here we show that high PCO2 can suppress metabolism, measured as oxygen consumption, in the pteropod, L. helicina forma antarctica, by ∼20%. The rates measured at 180–380 µatm (MO2  = 1.25 M−0.25, p = 0.007) were significantly higher (ANCOVA, p  =  0.004) than those measured at elevated target CO2 levels in 2007 (789–1000 µatm,  =  0.78 M−0.32, p  =  0.0008; Fig. 1). However, we further demonstrate metabolic plasticity in response to regional phytoplankton concentration and that the response to CO2 is dependent on the baseline level of metabolism. We hypothesize that reduced regional Chl a levels in 2008 suppressed metabolism and masked the effect of ocean acidification. This effect of food limitation was not, we postulate, merely a result of gut clearance and specific dynamic action, but rather represents a sustained metabolic response to regional conditions. Thus, pteropod populations may be compromised by climate change, both directly via CO2-induced metabolic suppression, and indirectly via quantitative and qualitative changes to the phytoplankton community. Without the context provided by long-term observations (four seasons) and a multi-faceted laboratory analysis of the parameters affecting energetics, the complex response of polar pteropods to ocean acidification may be masked or misinterpreted. PMID:22536312

Towards an Understanding of Energy Impairment in Huntington’s Disease Brain

PubMed Central

Dubinsky, Janet M.

2017-01-01

This review systematically examines the evidence for shifts in flux through energy generating biochemical pathways in Huntington’s disease (HD) brains from humans and model systems. Compromise of the electron transport chain (ETC) appears not to be the primary or earliest metabolic change in HD pathogenesis. Rather, compromise of glucose uptake facilitates glucose flux through glycolysis and may possibly decrease flux through the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), limiting subsequent NADPH and GSH production needed for antioxidant protection. As a result, oxidative damage to key glycolytic and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzymes further restricts energy production so that while basal needs may be met through oxidative phosphorylation, those of excessive stimulation cannot. Energy production may also be compromised by deficits in mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics or trafficking. Restrictions on energy production may be compensated for by glutamate oxidation and/or stimulation of fatty acid oxidation. Transcriptional dysregulation generated by mutant huntingtin also contributes to energetic disruption at specific enzymatic steps. Many of the alterations in metabolic substrates and enzymes may derive from normal regulatory feedback mechanisms and appear oscillatory. Fine temporal sequencing of the shifts in metabolic flux and transcriptional and expression changes associated with mutant huntingtin expression remain largely unexplored and may be model dependent. Differences in disease progression among HD model systems at the time of experimentation and their varying states of metabolic compensation may explain conflicting reports in the literature. Progressive shifts in metabolic flux represent homeostatic compensatory mechanisms that maintain the model organism through presymptomatic and symptomatic stages. PMID:29125492

Current husbandry of red pandas (Ailurus fulgens) in zoos.

PubMed

Eriksson, P; Zidar, J; White, D; Westander, J; Andersson, M

2010-01-01

The endangered red panda (Ailurus fulgens) is held in zoos worldwide. The aim of this study was to examine how red pandas are kept and managed in captivity and to compare it with the management guidelines. Sixty-nine zoos, mainly from Europe but also from North America and Australia/New Zealand, responded to our survey. The results revealed that in general zoos follow the management guidelines for most of the investigated issues. The average enclosure is almost four times larger than the minimum size recommended by the management guidelines, although seven zoos have smaller enclosures. About half the zoos do not follow the guidelines concerning visitor access and number of nest boxes. Other issues that may compromise animal welfare include proximity of neighboring carnivore species and placement of nest boxes. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

The possible effects of anthropogenic acoustic pollution on marine mammals' reproduction: an emerging threat to animal extinction.

PubMed

Nabi, Ghulam; McLaughlin, Richard William; Hao, Yujiang; Wang, Kexiong; Zeng, Xianyuan; Khan, Suliman; Wang, Ding

2018-05-26

For about 119 species of cetaceans and other aquatic animals, sound is the key source of learning about the environment, navigation, communication, foraging, and avoiding predators. However, in the recent era, the introduction of large quantities of anthropogenic noise into the ocean has significantly altered the ocean's acoustic environment. The anthropogenic noises travel very long distances, blanketing enormous areas. This can affect cetaceans, either by direct killing or compromising hearing, navigation, communication, predation, as well as normal behaviors. It has been suggested that acoustic pollution could possibly negatively affect cetacean reproduction, which is harmful for endangered and threatened species. However, it is still unknown how acoustic pollution can suppress cetacean reproduction. This is the first comprehensive review article, which focuses on the possible consequences affecting the reproduction of marine mammals resulting from acoustic pollution.

Endangered species and a threatened discipline: behavioural ecology.

PubMed

Caro, Tim; Sherman, Paul W

2011-03-01

Behavioural ecologists often see little connection between the current conservation crisis and the future of their discipline. This view is myopic because our abilities to investigate and interpret the adaptive significance and evolutionary histories of behaviours are increasingly being compromised in human-dominated landscapes because of species extinctions, habitat destruction, invasive species, pollution, and climate change. In this review, we argue that many central issues in behavioural ecology will soon become prohibitively difficult to investigate and interpret, thus impeding the rapid progress that characterizes the field. To address these challenges, behavioural ecologists should design studies not only to answer basic scientific questions but also to provide ancillary information for protection and management of their study organisms and habitats, and then share their biological insights with the applied conservation community. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Metabolism, hypoxia and the diabetic heart.

PubMed

Heather, Lisa C; Clarke, Kieran

2011-04-01

The diabetic heart becomes metabolically remodelled as a consequence of exposure to abnormal circulating substrates and hormones. Fatty acid uptake and metabolism are increased in the type 2 diabetic heart, resulting in accumulation of intracellular lipid intermediates and an increased contribution of fatty acids towards energy generation. Cardiac glucose uptake and oxidation are decreased, predominantly due to increased fatty acid metabolism, which suppresses glucose utilisation via the Randle cycle. These metabolic changes decrease cardiac efficiency and energetics in both humans and animal models of diabetes. Diabetic hearts have decreased recovery following ischemia, indicating a reduced tolerance to oxygen-limited conditions. There is evidence that diabetic hearts have a compromised hypoxia signalling pathway, as hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) and downstream signalling from HIF are reduced following ischemia. Failure to activate HIF under oxygen-limited conditions results in less angiogenesis, and an inability to upregulate glycolytic ATP generation. Given that glycolysis is already suppressed in the diabetic heart under normoxic conditions, the inability to upregulate glycolysis in response to hypoxia may have deleterious effects on ATP production. Thus, impaired HIF signalling may contribute to metabolic and energetic abnormalities, and impaired collateral vessel development following myocardial infarction in the type 2 diabetic heart. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Behaviour and Locomotor Activity of a Migratory Catostomid during Fishway Passage

PubMed Central

Silva, Ana T.; Hatry, Charles; Thiem, Jason D.; Gutowsky, Lee F. G.; Hatin, Daniel; Zhu, David Z.; W. Dawson, Jeffery; Katopodis, Christos; J. Cooke, Steven

2015-01-01

Fishways have been developed to restore longitudinal connectivity in rivers. Despite their potential for aiding fish passage, fishways may represent a source of significant energetic expenditure for fish as they are highly turbulent environments. Nonetheless, our understanding of the physiological mechanisms underpinning fishway passage of fish is still limited. We examined swimming behaviour and activity of silver redhorse (Moxostoma anisurum) during its upriver spawning migration in a vertical slot fishway. We used an accelerometer-derived instantaneous activity metric (overall dynamic body acceleration) to estimate location-specific swimming activity. Silver redhorse demonstrated progressive increases in activity during upstream fishway passage. Moreover, location-specific passage duration decreased with an increasing number of passage attempts. Turning basins and the most upstream basin were found to delay fish passage. No relationship was found between basin-specific passage duration and activity and the respective values from previous basins. The results demonstrate that successful fishway passage requires periods of high activity. The resultant energetic expenditure may affect fitness, foraging behaviour and increase susceptibility to predation, compromising population sustainability. This study highlights the need to understand the physiological mechanisms underpinning fishway passage to improve future designs and interpretation of biological evaluations. PMID:25853245

Food supply confers calcifiers resistance to ocean acidification.

PubMed

Ramajo, Laura; Pérez-León, Elia; Hendriks, Iris E; Marbà, Núria; Krause-Jensen, Dorte; Sejr, Mikael K; Blicher, Martin E; Lagos, Nelson A; Olsen, Ylva S; Duarte, Carlos M

2016-01-18

Invasion of ocean surface waters by anthropogenic CO2 emitted to the atmosphere is expected to reduce surface seawater pH to 7.8 by the end of this century compromising marine calcifiers. A broad range of biological and mineralogical mechanisms allow marine calcifiers to cope with ocean acidification, however these mechanisms are energetically demanding which affect other biological processes (trade-offs) with important implications for the resilience of the organisms against stressful conditions. Hence, food availability may play a critical role in determining the resistance of calcifiers to OA. Here we show, based on a meta-analysis of existing experimental results assessing the role of food supply in the response of organisms to OA, that food supply consistently confers calcifiers resistance to ocean acidification.

Food supply confers calcifiers resistance to ocean acidification

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ramajo, Laura; Pérez-León, Elia; Hendriks, Iris E.; Marbà, Núria; Krause-Jensen, Dorte; Sejr, Mikael K.; Blicher, Martin E.; Lagos, Nelson A.; Olsen, Ylva S.; Duarte, Carlos M.

2016-01-01

Invasion of ocean surface waters by anthropogenic CO2 emitted to the atmosphere is expected to reduce surface seawater pH to 7.8 by the end of this century compromising marine calcifiers. A broad range of biological and mineralogical mechanisms allow marine calcifiers to cope with ocean acidification, however these mechanisms are energetically demanding which affect other biological processes (trade-offs) with important implications for the resilience of the organisms against stressful conditions. Hence, food availability may play a critical role in determining the resistance of calcifiers to OA. Here we show, based on a meta-analysis of existing experimental results assessing the role of food supply in the response of organisms to OA, that food supply consistently confers calcifiers resistance to ocean acidification.

Food supply confers calcifiers resistance to ocean acidification

PubMed Central

Ramajo, Laura; Pérez-León, Elia; Hendriks, Iris E.; Marbà, Núria; Krause-Jensen, Dorte; Sejr, Mikael K.; Blicher, Martin E.; Lagos, Nelson A.; Olsen, Ylva S.; Duarte, Carlos M.

2016-01-01

Invasion of ocean surface waters by anthropogenic CO2 emitted to the atmosphere is expected to reduce surface seawater pH to 7.8 by the end of this century compromising marine calcifiers. A broad range of biological and mineralogical mechanisms allow marine calcifiers to cope with ocean acidification, however these mechanisms are energetically demanding which affect other biological processes (trade-offs) with important implications for the resilience of the organisms against stressful conditions. Hence, food availability may play a critical role in determining the resistance of calcifiers to OA. Here we show, based on a meta-analysis of existing experimental results assessing the role of food supply in the response of organisms to OA, that food supply consistently confers calcifiers resistance to ocean acidification. PMID:26778520

Humpback whales harbour a combination of specific and variable skin bacteria.

PubMed

Apprill, Amy; Mooney, T Aran; Lyman, Edward; Stimpert, Alison K; Rappé, Michael S

2011-04-01

Investigations of marine mammal skin-associated microbiota are limited to cultivation-based studies of lesioned individuals, resulting in a lack of understanding about the composition of 'normal' skin-associated microbial communities, their variation among individuals, and whether or not the microbial communities change with host health or environmental exposures. In this study, bacterial communities associated with the skin of 19 North Pacific humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae), including skin from three health-compromised individuals, were examined using small subunit ribosomal RNA gene-based culture-independent techniques. These analyses revealed that the skin-associated bacteria were significantly different from free-living bacterial communities in the surrounding seawater. Two novel groups within the Flavobacteriaceae family of the Bacteroidetes phylum were found to be associated with multiple whales, including a species within the Tenacibaculum genus that associated with 95% of the individuals. Statistical analyses revealed that a group of eight 'healthy' whales harboured similar microbial communities, while the health-compromised and other 'healthy' animals harboured communities that were unique to the specific animal. These results describe two components of the whale skin bacterial community: a specific and potentially co-evolved fraction, and a more variable microbial community fraction that may offer a diagnostic-type tool for investigating the health and life-related events of these endangered animals. © 2010 Society for Applied Microbiology and Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Protein catabolism in pregnant snakes (Epicrates cenchria maurus Boidae) compromises musculature and performance after reproduction.

PubMed

Lourdais, O; Brischoux, F; DeNardo, D; Shine, R

2004-07-01

In many species the high energetic demands of reproduction induce a negative energy balance, and thus females must rely on tissue catabolism to complete the reproductive process. Previous works have shown that both fat and protein are energy resources during prolonged fasting in vertebrates. While many ecological studies on energy costs of reproduction have focused on variations in fat stores, the impact of protein investment on the female has not been thoroughly investigated. Notably, as there is no specialized storage form for proteins, intense catabolism is likely to entail structural (musculature) loss that may compromise maternal physical performance after reproduction. Measurements on captive rainbow boas ( Epicrates cenchria maurus) confirm that reproducing females undergo significant protein catabolism (as indicated by elevated plasma uric acid levels) and show considerable musculature loss during gestation (as detected by reduced width of the epaxial muscles). Protein mobilization entailed a significant functional loss that was illustrated by decrements in tests of strength and constriction after parturition. In wild situations, such effects are likely to decrease the snakes' ability to forage and apprehend prey. Hence, the time period needed to recover from reproduction can be extended not only because the female must compensate losses of both fat stores and functional muscle, but also because the ability to do so may be compromised. Performance alteration is likely to be of equal or greater importance than reduced energy stores in the physiological mediation of elevated post-reproduction mortality rates and infrequent reproductive bouts (e.g. biannual or triannual), two common ecological traits of female snakes.

Antibiotic Resistance in the Food Chain: A Developing Country-Perspective

PubMed Central

Founou, Luria Leslie; Founou, Raspail Carrel; Essack, Sabiha Yusuf

2016-01-01

Antibiotics are now “endangered species” facing extinction due to the worldwide emergence of antibiotic resistance (ABR). Food animals are considered as key reservoirs of antibiotic-resistant bacteria with the use of antibiotics in the food production industry having contributed to the actual global challenge of ABR. There are no geographic boundaries to impede the worldwide spread of ABR. If preventive and containment measures are not applied locally, nationally and regionally, the limited interventions in one country, continent and for instance, in the developing world, could compromise the efficacy and endanger ABR containment policies implemented in other parts of the world, the best-managed high-resource countries included. Multifaceted, comprehensive, and integrated measures complying with the One Health approach are imperative to ensure food safety and security, effectively combat infectious diseases, curb the emergence and spread of ABR, and preserve the efficacy of antibiotics for future generations. Countries should follow the World Health Organization, World Organization for Animal Health, and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations recommendations to implement national action plans encompassing human, (food) animal, and environmental sectors to improve policies, interventions and activities that address the prevention and containment of ABR from farm-to-fork. This review covers (i) the origin of antibiotic resistance, (ii) pathways by which bacteria spread to humans from farm-to-fork, (iii) differences in levels of antibiotic resistance between developed and developing countries, and (iv) prevention and containment measures of antibiotic resistance in the food chain. PMID:27933044

Artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum clinical isolates can infect diverse mosquito vectors of Southeast Asia and Africa

PubMed Central

St. Laurent, Brandyce; Miller, Becky; Burton, Timothy A.; Amaratunga, Chanaki; Men, Sary; Sovannaroth, Siv; Fay, Michael P.; Miotto, Olivo; Gwadz, Robert W.; Anderson, Jennifer M.; Fairhurst, Rick M.

2015-01-01

Artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum parasites are rapidly spreading in Southeast Asia, yet nothing is known about their transmission. This knowledge gap and the possibility that these parasites will spread to Africa endanger global efforts to eliminate malaria. Here we produce gametocytes from parasite clinical isolates that displayed artemisinin resistance in patients and in vitro, and use them to infect native and non-native mosquito vectors. We show that contemporary artemisinin-resistant isolates from Cambodia develop and produce sporozoites in two Southeast Asian vectors, Anopheles dirus and Anopheles minimus, and the major African vector, Anopheles coluzzii (formerly Anopheles gambiae M). The ability of artemisinin-resistant parasites to infect such highly diverse Anopheles species, combined with their higher gametocyte prevalence in patients, may explain the rapid expansion of these parasites in Cambodia and neighbouring countries, and further compromise efforts to prevent their global spread. PMID:26485448

Artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum clinical isolates can infect diverse mosquito vectors of Southeast Asia and Africa.

PubMed

St Laurent, Brandyce; Miller, Becky; Burton, Timothy A; Amaratunga, Chanaki; Men, Sary; Sovannaroth, Siv; Fay, Michael P; Miotto, Olivo; Gwadz, Robert W; Anderson, Jennifer M; Fairhurst, Rick M

2015-10-20

Artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum parasites are rapidly spreading in Southeast Asia, yet nothing is known about their transmission. This knowledge gap and the possibility that these parasites will spread to Africa endanger global efforts to eliminate malaria. Here we produce gametocytes from parasite clinical isolates that displayed artemisinin resistance in patients and in vitro, and use them to infect native and non-native mosquito vectors. We show that contemporary artemisinin-resistant isolates from Cambodia develop and produce sporozoites in two Southeast Asian vectors, Anopheles dirus and Anopheles minimus, and the major African vector, Anopheles coluzzii (formerly Anopheles gambiae M). The ability of artemisinin-resistant parasites to infect such highly diverse Anopheles species, combined with their higher gametocyte prevalence in patients, may explain the rapid expansion of these parasites in Cambodia and neighbouring countries, and further compromise efforts to prevent their global spread.

The Effect of Drag and Attachment Site of External Tags on Swimming Eels: Experimental Quantification and Evaluation Tool

PubMed Central

Tudorache, Christian; Burgerhout, Erik; Brittijn, Sebastiaan; van den Thillart, Guido

2014-01-01

Telemetry studies on aquatic animals often use external tags to monitor migration patterns and help to inform conservation effort. However, external tags are known to impair swimming energetics dramatically in a variety of species, including the endangered European eel. Due to their high swimming efficiency, anguilliform swimmers are very susceptibility for added drag. Using an integration of swimming physiology, behaviour and kinematics, we investigated the effect of additional drag and site of externally attached tags on swimming mode and costs. The results show a significant effect of a) attachment site and b) drag on multiple energetic parameters, such as Cost Of Transport (COT), critical swimming speed (Ucrit) and optimal swimming speed (Uopt), possibly due to changes in swimming kinematics. Attachment at 0.125 bl from the tip of the snout is a better choice than at the Centre Of Mass (0.35 bl), as it is the case in current telemetry studies. Quantification of added drag effect on COT and Ucrit show a (limited) correlation, suggesting that the Ucrit test can be used for evaluating external tags for telemetry studies until a certain threshold value. Uopt is not affected by added drag, validating previous findings of telemetry studies. The integrative methodology and the evaluation tool presented here can be used for the design of new studies using external telemetry tags, and the (re-) evaluation of relevant studies on anguilliform swimmers. PMID:25409179

The effect of drag and attachment site of external tags on swimming eels: experimental quantification and evaluation tool.

PubMed

Tudorache, Christian; Burgerhout, Erik; Brittijn, Sebastiaan; van den Thillart, Guido

2014-01-01

Telemetry studies on aquatic animals often use external tags to monitor migration patterns and help to inform conservation effort. However, external tags are known to impair swimming energetics dramatically in a variety of species, including the endangered European eel. Due to their high swimming efficiency, anguilliform swimmers are very susceptibility for added drag. Using an integration of swimming physiology, behaviour and kinematics, we investigated the effect of additional drag and site of externally attached tags on swimming mode and costs. The results show a significant effect of a) attachment site and b) drag on multiple energetic parameters, such as Cost Of Transport (COT), critical swimming speed (Ucrit) and optimal swimming speed (Uopt), possibly due to changes in swimming kinematics. Attachment at 0.125 bl from the tip of the snout is a better choice than at the Centre Of Mass (0.35 bl), as it is the case in current telemetry studies. Quantification of added drag effect on COT and Ucrit show a (limited) correlation, suggesting that the Ucrit test can be used for evaluating external tags for telemetry studies until a certain threshold value. Uopt is not affected by added drag, validating previous findings of telemetry studies. The integrative methodology and the evaluation tool presented here can be used for the design of new studies using external telemetry tags, and the (re-) evaluation of relevant studies on anguilliform swimmers.

Development of a Dual Windowed Test Vehicle for Live Streaming of Cook-Off in Energetic Materials

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cheese, Phil; Reeves, Tom; White, Nathan; Stennett, Christopher; Wood, Andrew; Cook, Malcolm; Syanco Ltd Team; Cranfield University Team; DE&S, MoD Abbey Wood Team

2017-06-01

A modular, axially connected test vehicle for researching the influence of various heating rates (cook-off) on energetic materials and how they fundamentally decompose, leading to a violent reaction has been developed and tested. The vehicle can accommodate samples measuring up to 50 mm in diameter, with thicknesses variable from 0.5 mm up to 50 mm long. A unique feature of this vehicle is the ability to have a live high speed camera view, without compromising confinement during the cook-off process. This is achieved via two special windows that allow artificial backlighting to be provided at one end for clear observation of the test sample; this has allowed unprecedented views of how explosives decompose and runaway to violent reactions, and has given insight into the reaction mechanisms operating, and challenges current theories. Using glass windows, a burst pressure of 20 MPa has been measured. The heating rate is fully adjustable from slow to fast rates, and its design allows for confinement to be varied to study the influence on the violence of reaction during cook-off. In addition to being able to view the test sample during cook-off, embedded thermocouples provide detailed temperature records and the ability to use PDV instrumentation is also incorporated.

Global ablation of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter increases glycolysis in cortical neurons subjected to energetic stressors.

PubMed

Nichols, Matthew; Elustondo, Pia A; Warford, Jordan; Thirumaran, Aruloli; Pavlov, Evgeny V; Robertson, George S

2017-08-01

The effects of global mitochondrial calcium (Ca 2+ ) uniporter (MCU) deficiency on hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury, neuronal Ca 2+ handling, bioenergetics and hypoxic preconditioning (HPC) were examined. Forebrain mitochondria isolated from global MCU nulls displayed markedly reduced Ca 2+ uptake and Ca 2+ -induced opening of the membrane permeability transition pore. Despite evidence that these effects should be neuroprotective, global MCU nulls and wild-type (WT) mice suffered comparable HI brain damage. Energetic stress enhanced glycolysis and depressed Complex I activity in global MCU null, relative to WT, cortical neurons. HI reduced forebrain NADH levels more in global MCU nulls than WT mice suggesting that increased glycolytic consumption of NADH suppressed Complex I activity. Compared to WT neurons, pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) was hyper-phosphorylated in MCU nulls at several sites that lower the supply of substrates for the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Elevation of cytosolic Ca 2+ with glutamate or ionomycin decreased PDH phosphorylation in MCU null neurons suggesting the use of alternative mitochondrial Ca 2+ transport. Under basal conditions, global MCU nulls showed similar increases of Ca 2+ handling genes in the hippocampus as WT mice subjected to HPC. We propose that long-term adaptations, common to HPC, in global MCU nulls compromise resistance to HI brain injury and disrupt HPC.

Accumulation of nonesterified fatty acids causes the sustained energetic deficit in kidney proximal tubules after hypoxia-reoxygenation.

PubMed

Feldkamp, Thorsten; Kribben, Andreas; Roeser, Nancy F; Senter, Ruth A; Weinberg, Joel M

2006-02-01

Kidney proximal tubules exhibit decreased ATP and reduced, but not absent, mitochondrial membrane potential (Deltapsi(m)) during reoxygenation after severe hypoxia. This energetic deficit, which plays a pivotal role in overall cellular recovery, cannot be explained by loss of mitochondrial membrane integrity, decreased electron transport, or compromised F1F0-ATPase and adenine nucleotide translocase activities. Addition of oleate to permeabilized tubules produced concentration-dependent decreases of Deltapsi(m) measured by safranin O uptake (threshold for oleate = 0.25 microM, 1.6 nmol/mg protein; maximal effect = 4 microM, 26 nmol/mg) that were reversed by delipidated BSA (dBSA). Cell nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels increased from <1 to 17.4 nmol/mg protein during 60- min hypoxia and remained elevated at 7.6 nmol/mg after 60 min reoxygenation, at which time ATP had recovered to only 10% of control values. Safranin O uptake in reoxygenated tubules, which was decreased 85% after 60-min hypoxia, was normalized by dBSA, which improved ATP synthesis as well. dBSA also almost completely normalized Deltapsi(m) when the duration of hypoxia was increased to 120 min. In intact tubules, the protective substrate combination of alpha-ketoglutarate + malate (alpha-KG/MAL) increased ATP three- to fourfold, limited NEFA accumulation during hypoxia by 50%, and lowered NEFA during reoxygenation. Notably, dBSA also improved ATP recovery when added to intact tubules during reoxygenation and was additive to the effect of alpha-KG/MAL. We conclude that NEFA overload is the primary cause of energetic failure of reoxygenated proximal tubules and lowering NEFA substantially contributes to the benefit from supplementation with alpha-KG/MAL.

Methylene blue stimulates substrate-level phosphorylation catalysed by succinyl-CoA ligase in the citric acid cycle.

PubMed

Komlódi, T; Tretter, L

2017-09-01

Methylene blue (MB), a potential neuroprotective agent, is efficient in various neurodegenerative disease models. Beneficial effects of MB have been attributed to improvements in mitochondrial functions. Substrate-level phosphorylation (SLP) results in the production of ATP independent from the ATP synthase (ATP-ase). In energetically compromised mitochondria, ATP produced by SLP can prevent the reversal of the adenine nucleotide translocase and thus the hydrolysis of glycolytic ATP. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of MB on mitochondrial SLP catalysed by succinyl-CoA ligase. Measurements were carried out on isolated guinea pig cortical mitochondria respiring on α-ketoglutarate, glutamate, malate or succinate. The mitochondrial functions and parameters like ATP synthesis, oxygen consumption, membrane potential, and NAD(P)H level were followed online, in parallel with the redox state of MB. SLP-mediated ATP synthesis was measured in the presence of inhibitors for ATP-ase and adenylate kinase. In the presence of the ATP-ase inhibitor oligomycin MB stimulated respiration with all of the respiratory substrates. However, the rate of ATP synthesis increased only with substrates α-ketoglutarate and glutamate (forming succinyl-CoA). MB efficiently stimulated SLP and restored the membrane potential in mitochondria also with the combined inhibition of Complex I and ATP synthase. ATP formed by SLP alleviated the energetic insufficiency generated by the lack of oxidative phosphorylation. Thus, the MB-mediated stimulation of SLP might be important in maintaining the energetic competence of mitochondria and in preventing the mitochondrial hydrolysis of glycolytic ATP. The mitochondrial effects of MB are explained by the ability to accept electrons from reducing equivalents and transfer them to cytochrome c bypassing the respiratory Complexes I and III. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Experimental Test of Preferences for an Invasive Prey by an Endangered Predator: Implications for Conservation.

PubMed

Wilcox, Rebecca C; Fletcher, Robert J

2016-01-01

Identifying impacts of exotic species on native populations is central to ecology and conservation. Although the effects of exotic predators on native prey have received much attention, the role of exotic prey on native predators is poorly understood. Determining if native predators actively prefer invasive prey over native prey has implications for interpreting invasion impacts, identifying the presence of evolutionary traps, and predator persistence. One of the world's most invasive species, Pomacea maculata, has recently established in portions of the endangered Everglade snail kite's (Rostrhamus sociabilis plumbeus) geographic range. Although these exotic snails could provide additional prey resources, they are typically much larger than the native snail, which can lead to lower foraging success and the potential for diminished energetic benefits in comparison to native snails. Nonetheless, snail kites frequently forage on exotic snails. We used choice experiments to evaluate snail kite foraging preference in relation to exotic species and snail size. We found that snail kites do not show a preference for native or exotic snails. Rather, snail kites generally showed a preference for medium-sized snails, the sizes reflective of large native snails. These results suggest that while snail kites frequently forage on exotic snails in the wild, this behavior is likely driven simply by the abundance of exotic snails rather than snail kites preferring exotics. This lack of preference offers insights to hypotheses regarding effects of exotic species, guidance regarding habitat and invasive species management, and illustrates how native-exotic relationships can be misleading in the absence of experimental tests of such interactions.

Inferring physiological energetics of loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) from existing data using a general metabolic theory.

PubMed

Marn, Nina; Kooijman, S A L M; Jusup, Marko; Legović, Tarzan; Klanjšček, Tin

2017-05-01

Loggerhead turtle is an endangered sea turtle species with a migratory lifestyle and worldwide distribution, experiencing markedly different habitats throughout its lifetime. Environmental conditions, especially food availability and temperature, constrain the acquisition and the use of available energy, thus affecting physiological processes such as growth, maturation, and reproduction. These physiological processes at the population level determine survival, fecundity, and ultimately the population growth rate-a key indicator of the success of conservation efforts. As a first step towards the comprehensive understanding of how environment shapes the physiology and the life cycle of a loggerhead turtle, we constructed a full life cycle model based on the principles of energy acquisition and utilization embedded in the Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) theory. We adapted the standard DEB model using data from published and unpublished sources to obtain parameter estimates and model predictions that could be compared with data. The outcome was a successful mathematical description of ontogeny and life history traits of the loggerhead turtle. Some deviations between the model and the data existed (such as an earlier age at sexual maturity and faster growth of the post-hatchlings), yet probable causes for these deviations were found informative and discussed in great detail. Physiological traits such as the capacity to withstand starvation, trade-offs between reproduction and growth, and changes in the energy budget throughout the ontogeny were inferred from the model. The results offer new insights into physiology and ecology of loggerhead turtle with the potential to lead to novel approaches in conservation of this endangered species. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

76 FR 49412 - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife; 90-Day Finding on a Petition To List the Saltmarsh Topminnow...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-10

... Threatened or Endangered Under the Endangered Species Act AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS... endangered under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). We find that the petition presents substantial scientific.... Endangered Species Act'' because NatureServe assessments ``have different criteria, evidence requirements...

Endangered North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis) experience repeated, concurrent exposure to multiple environmental neurotoxins produced by marine algae.

PubMed

Doucette, Gregory J; Mikulski, Christina M; King, Kristen L; Roth, Patricia B; Wang, Zhihong; Leandro, Luis F; DeGrasse, Stacey L; White, Kevin D; De Biase, Daniela; Gillett, Roxanne M; Rolland, Rosalind M

2012-01-01

The western North Atlantic population of right whales (Eubalaena glacialis) is one of the most critically endangered of any whale population in the world. Among the factors considered to have potentially adverse effects on the health and reproduction of E. glacialis are biotoxins produced by certain microalgae responsible for causing harmful algal blooms. The worldwide incidence of these events has continued to increase dramatically over the past several decades and is expected to remain problematic under predicted climate change scenarios. Previous investigations have demonstrated that N. Atlantic right whales are being exposed to at least two classes of algal-produced environmental neurotoxins-paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) and domoic acid (DA). Our primary aims during this six-year study (2001-2006) were to assess whether the whales' exposure to these algal biotoxins occurred annually over multiple years, and to what extent individual whales were exposed repeatedly and/or concurrently to one or both toxin classes. Approximately 140 right whale fecal samples obtained across multiple habitats in the western N. Atlantic were analyzed for PSTs and DA. About 40% of these samples were attributed to individual whales in the North Atlantic Right Whale Catalog, permitting analysis of biotoxin exposure according to sex, age class, and reproductive status/history. Our findings demonstrate clearly that right whales are being exposed to both of these algal biotoxins on virtually an annual basis in multiple habitats for periods of up to six months (April through September), with similar exposure rates for females and males (PSTs: ∼70-80%; DA: ∼25-30%). Notably, only one of 14 lactating females sampled did not contain either PSTs or DA, suggesting the potential for maternal toxin transfer and possible effects on neonatal animals. Moreover, 22% of the fecal samples tested for PSTs and DA showed concurrent exposure to both neurotoxins, leading to questions of interactive effects. Targeted studies employing both in vivo and in vitro model systems represent the next logical step in assessing how and to what extent these algal biotoxins might compromise the health and reproduction of this endangered population. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Persistence of historical population structure in an endangered species despite near-complete biome conversion in California's San Joaquin Desert

USGS Publications Warehouse

Richmond, Jonathan Q.; Wood, Dustin A.; Westphal, Michael F.; Vandergast, Amy; Leache, Adam D.; Saslaw, Lawrence; Butterfield, H. Scott; Fisher, Robert N.

2017-01-01

Genomic responses to habitat conversion can be rapid, providing wildlife managers with time-limited opportunities to enact recovery efforts that use population connectivity information that reflects predisturbance landscapes. Despite near-complete biome conversion, such opportunities may still exist for the endemic fauna and flora of California's San Joaquin Desert, but comprehensive genetic data sets are lacking for nearly all species in the region. To fill this knowledge gap, we studied the rangewide population structure of the endangered blunt-nosed leopard lizard Gambelia sila, a San Joaquin Desert endemic, using restriction site-associated DNA (RAD), microsatellite and mtDNA data to test whether admixture patterns and estimates of effective migration surfaces (EEMS) can identify land areas with high population connectivity prior to the conversion of native xeric habitats. Clustering and phylogenetic analyses indicate a recent shared history between numerous isolated populations and EEMS reveals latent signals of corridors and barriers to gene flow over areas now replaced by agriculture and urbanization. Conflicting histories between the mtDNA and nuclear genomes are consistent with hybridization with the sister species G. wislizenii, raising important questions about where legal protection should end at the southern range limit of G. sila. Comparative analysis of different data sets also adds to a growing list of advantages in using RAD loci for genetic studies of rare species. We demonstrate how the results of this work can serve as an evolutionary guidance tool for managing endemic, arid-adapted taxa in one of the world's most compromised landscapes.

DNA Metabarcoding Reveals Diet Overlap between the Endangered Walia Ibex and Domestic Goats - Implications for Conservation.

PubMed

Gebremedhin, Berihun; Flagstad, Øystein; Bekele, Afework; Chala, Desalegn; Bakkestuen, Vegar; Boessenkool, Sanne; Popp, Magnus; Gussarova, Galina; Schrøder-Nielsen, Audun; Nemomissa, Sileshi; Brochmann, Christian; Stenseth, Nils Chr; Epp, Laura S

2016-01-01

Human population expansion and associated degradation of the habitat of many wildlife species cause loss of biodiversity and species extinctions. The small Simen Mountains National Park in Ethiopia is one of the last strongholds for the preservation of a number of afro-alpine mammals, plants and birds, and it is home to the rare endemic Walia ibex, Capra walie. The narrow distribution range of this species as well as potential competition for resources with livestock, especially with domestic goat, Capra hircus, may compromise its future survival. Based on a curated afro-alpine taxonomic reference library constructed for plant taxon identification, we investigated the diet of the Walia ibex and addressed the dietary overlap with domestic goat using DNA metabarcoding of faecal samples. Faeces of both species were collected from different localities in the National Park. We show that both species are browsers, with forbs, shrubs and trees comprising the largest proportion of their diet, supplemented by grasses. There was a considerable overlap in dietary preferences. Several of the preferred diet items of the Walia ibex (Alchemilla sp., Hypericum revolutum, Erica arborea and Rumex sp.) were also among the most preferred diet items of the domestic goat. These results indicate that there is potential for competition between the two species, especially during the dry season, when resources are limited. Our findings, in combination with the expected increase in domestic herbivores, suggest that management plans should consider the potential threat posed by domestic goats to ensure future survival of the endangered Walia ibex.

DNA Metabarcoding Reveals Diet Overlap between the Endangered Walia Ibex and Domestic Goats - Implications for Conservation

PubMed Central

Gebremedhin, Berihun; Flagstad, Øystein; Bekele, Afework; Chala, Desalegn; Bakkestuen, Vegar; Boessenkool, Sanne; Popp, Magnus; Gussarova, Galina; Schrøder-Nielsen, Audun; Nemomissa, Sileshi; Brochmann, Christian; Stenseth, Nils Chr.

2016-01-01

Human population expansion and associated degradation of the habitat of many wildlife species cause loss of biodiversity and species extinctions. The small Simen Mountains National Park in Ethiopia is one of the last strongholds for the preservation of a number of afro-alpine mammals, plants and birds, and it is home to the rare endemic Walia ibex, Capra walie. The narrow distribution range of this species as well as potential competition for resources with livestock, especially with domestic goat, Capra hircus, may compromise its future survival. Based on a curated afro-alpine taxonomic reference library constructed for plant taxon identification, we investigated the diet of the Walia ibex and addressed the dietary overlap with domestic goat using DNA metabarcoding of faecal samples. Faeces of both species were collected from different localities in the National Park. We show that both species are browsers, with forbs, shrubs and trees comprising the largest proportion of their diet, supplemented by grasses. There was a considerable overlap in dietary preferences. Several of the preferred diet items of the Walia ibex (Alchemilla sp., Hypericum revolutum, Erica arborea and Rumex sp.) were also among the most preferred diet items of the domestic goat. These results indicate that there is potential for competition between the two species, especially during the dry season, when resources are limited. Our findings, in combination with the expected increase in domestic herbivores, suggest that management plans should consider the potential threat posed by domestic goats to ensure future survival of the endangered Walia ibex. PMID:27416020

Rapid genetic and morphologic divergence between captive and wild populations of the endangered Leon Springs pupfish, Cyprinodon bovinus.

PubMed

Black, Andrew N; Seears, Heidi A; Hollenbeck, Christopher M; Samollow, Paul B

2017-04-01

The Leon Springs pupfish (Cyprinodon bovinus) is an endangered species currently restricted to a single desert spring and a separate captive habitat in southwestern North America. Following establishment of the captive population from wild stock in 1976, the wild population has undergone natural population size fluctuations, intentional culling to purge genetic contamination from an invasive congener (Cyprinodon variegatus) and augmentation/replacement of wild fish from the captive stock. A severe population decline following the most recent introduction of captive fish prompted us to examine whether the captive and wild populations have differentiated during the short time they have been isolated from one another. If so, the development of divergent genetic and/or morphologic traits between populations could contribute to a diminished ability of fish from one location to thrive in the other. Examination of genomewide single nucleotide polymorphisms and morphologic variation revealed no evidence of residual C. variegatus characteristics in contemporary C. bovinus samples. However, significant genetic and morphologic differentiation was detected between the wild and captive populations, some of which might reflect local adaptation. Our results indicate that genetic and physical characteristics can diverge rapidly between isolated subdivisions of managed populations, potentially compromising the value of captive stock for future supplementation efforts. In the case of C. bovinus, our findings underscore the need to periodically inoculate the captive population with wild genetic material to help mitigate genetic, and potentially morphologic, divergence between them and also highlight the utility of parallel morphologic and genomic evaluation to inform conservation management planning. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

78 FR 57749 - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Determination of Endangered Species Status for...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-19

... Service 50 CFR Part 17 Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Determination of Endangered Species... Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Determination of Endangered Species Status for Mount... determination on our proposal within 1 year. Critical habitat shall be designated, to the maximum extent prudent...

Space Weather: The Solar Perspective

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schwenn, Rainer

2006-08-01

The term space weather refers to conditions on the Sun and in the solar wind, magnetosphere, ionosphere, and thermosphere that can influence the performance and reliability of space-borne and ground-based technological systems and that can affect human life and health. Our modern hi-tech society has become increasingly vulnerable to disturbances from outside the Earth system, in particular to those initiated by explosive events on the Sun: Flares release flashes of radiation that can heat up the terrestrial atmosphere such that satellites are slowed down and drop into lower orbits, solar energetic particles accelerated to near-relativistic energies may endanger astronauts traveling through interplanetary space, and coronal mass ejections are gigantic clouds of ionized gas ejected into interplanetary space that after a few hours or days may hit the Earth and cause geomagnetic storms. In this review, I describe the several chains of actions originating in our parent star, the Sun, that affect Earth, with particular attention to the solar phenomena and the subsequent effects in interplanetary space.

Wildfire smoke impacts activity and energetics of wild Bornean orangutans.

PubMed

Erb, W M; Barrow, E J; Hofner, A N; Utami-Atmoko, S S; Vogel, E R

2018-05-15

Indonesia's peatlands experience frequent and intense wildfires, producing hazardous smoke with consequences for human health, yet there is a lack of research into adverse effects on wildlife. We evaluated the effects of smoke on the activity and energy balance of Bornean orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) in a peat swamp forest at the Tuanan Research Station, Central Kalimantan. We collected behavioural data and urine samples from four adult flanged males before, during, and after wildfires between March 2015 and January 2016. During fires, particulate matter (PM 10 ) concentrations were hazardous. Orangutans increased rest time during and after the smoke period, and decreased travel time and distance and increased fat catabolism post-smoke. The increase in post-smoke ketones was not related to changes in caloric intake and was likely due to an increase in energy expenditure, possibly related to immune response. Results show that wildfire smoke negatively affects orangutan condition, and sustained research is needed to assess the magnitude of the threat to the long-term viability of this Critically Endangered species.

77 FR 22749 - Petition To List 83 Species of Coral as Threatened or Endangered Under the Endangered Species Act...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-17

... threatened or endangered under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) and to notify the public about future public... Candidate Coral Species Petitioned Under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (Status Review Report) and the draft Management Report for 82 Corals Status Review under the Endangered Species Act: Assessment of...

78 FR 6299 - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife; 90-Day Finding on Two Petitions To List White Marlin as...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-30

... Marlin as Threatened or Endangered Under the Endangered Species Act AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries... white marlin (Kajikia albidus) as threatened or endangered under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). We... do ``not constitute a recommendation by NatureServe for listing under the U.S. Endangered Species Act...

78 FR 57076 - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Endangered Status for the Neosho Mucket and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-17

...-0031; 4500030113] RIN 1018-AX73 Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Endangered Status for... requires that we identify species of wildlife and plants that are endangered or threatened based on the... they should be added to the Federal Lists of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants. The listing...

77 FR 61559 - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife; 90-Day Finding on a Petition To List Nassau Grouper as...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-10

... Petition To List Nassau Grouper as Threatened or Endangered Under the Endangered Species Act AGENCY... endangered under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). We find that the petition presents substantial scientific... the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.). Dated: October 2, 2012. Alan...

50 CFR 451.03 - Endangered Species Committee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 9 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Endangered Species Committee. 451.03... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS ENDANGERED SPECIES EXEMPTION PROCESS APPLICATION PROCEDURE § 451.03 Endangered Species Committee. (a) Scope. This section contains...

50 CFR 451.03 - Endangered Species Committee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Endangered Species Committee. 451.03... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS ENDANGERED SPECIES EXEMPTION PROCESS APPLICATION PROCEDURE § 451.03 Endangered Species Committee. (a) Scope. This section contains...

50 CFR 451.03 - Endangered Species Committee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 11 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Endangered Species Committee. 451.03... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS ENDANGERED SPECIES EXEMPTION PROCESS APPLICATION PROCEDURE § 451.03 Endangered Species Committee. (a) Scope. This section contains...

50 CFR 451.03 - Endangered Species Committee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 11 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Endangered Species Committee. 451.03... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS ENDANGERED SPECIES EXEMPTION PROCESS APPLICATION PROCEDURE § 451.03 Endangered Species Committee. (a) Scope. This section contains...

50 CFR 451.03 - Endangered Species Committee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 11 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Endangered Species Committee. 451.03... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS ENDANGERED SPECIES EXEMPTION PROCESS APPLICATION PROCEDURE § 451.03 Endangered Species Committee. (a) Scope. This section contains...

Trading shallow safety for deep sleep: Juvenile green turtles select deeper resting sites as they grow

USGS Publications Warehouse

Hart, Kristen M.; White, Connor F.; Iverson, Autumn R.; Whitney, Nick

2016-01-01

To better protect endangered green sea turtles Chelonia mydas, a more thorough understanding of the behaviors of each life stage is needed. Although dive profile analyses obtained using time-depth loggers have provided some insights into habitat use, recent work has shown that more fine-scale monitoring of body movements is needed to elucidate physical activity patterns. We monitored 11 juvenile green sea turtles with tri-axial acceleration data loggers in their foraging grounds in Dry Tortugas National Park, Florida, USA, for periods ranging from 43 to 118 h (mean ± SD: 72.8 ± 27.3 h). Approximately half of the individuals (n = 5) remained in shallow (overall mean depth less than 2 m) water throughout the experiment, whereas the remaining individuals (n = 6) made excursions to deeper (4 to 27 m) waters, often at night. Despite these differences in depth use, acceleration data revealed a consistent pattern of diurnal activity and nocturnal resting in most individuals. Nocturnal depth differences thus do not appear to represent differences in behavior, but rather different strategies to achieve the same behavior: rest. We calculated overall dynamic body acceleration (ODBA) to assess the relative energetic cost of each behavioral strategy in an attempt to explain the differences between them. Animals in deeper water experienced longer resting dives, more time resting per hour, and lower mean hourly ODBA. These results suggest that resting in deeper water provides energetic benefits that outweigh the costs of transiting to deep water and a potential increased risk of predation.

50 CFR 453.01 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS ENDANGERED SPECIES EXEMPTION PROCESS ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE § 453.01 Purpose. This part prescribes the procedures to be used by the Endangered Species Committee when examining applications for exemption from section 7(a)(2) of the Endangered Species Act of...

50 CFR 453.01 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS ENDANGERED SPECIES EXEMPTION PROCESS ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE § 453.01 Purpose. This part prescribes the procedures to be used by the Endangered Species Committee when examining applications for exemption from section 7(a)(2) of the Endangered Species Act of...

50 CFR 453.01 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS ENDANGERED SPECIES EXEMPTION PROCESS ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE § 453.01 Purpose. This part prescribes the procedures to be used by the Endangered Species Committee when examining applications for exemption from section 7(a)(2) of the Endangered Species Act of...

50 CFR 453.01 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS ENDANGERED SPECIES EXEMPTION PROCESS ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE § 453.01 Purpose. This part prescribes the procedures to be used by the Endangered Species Committee when examining applications for exemption from section 7(a)(2) of the Endangered Species Act of...

50 CFR 453.01 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS ENDANGERED SPECIES EXEMPTION PROCESS ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE § 453.01 Purpose. This part prescribes the procedures to be used by the Endangered Species Committee when examining applications for exemption from section 7(a)(2) of the Endangered Species Act of...

75 FR 69699 - Endangered Species Recovery Permit Applications

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-15

...] Endangered Species Recovery Permit Applications AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, Interior. ACTION: Notice... endangered species. With some exceptions, the Endangered Species Act (Act) prohibits activities with endangered and threatened species unless a Federal permit allows such activity. The Act also requires that we...

50 CFR 450.01 - Definitions

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... OF COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS ENDANGERED SPECIES EXEMPTION PROCESS GENERAL... the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended, 16 U.S.C. 1531, et seq. Agency action means all... Endangered Species Committee, who is the Secretary of the Interior. Committee means the Endangered Species...

77 FR 12611 - Endangered Species Recovery Permit Applications

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-01

...-FF08E00000] Endangered Species Recovery Permit Applications AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, Interior... with endangered species. With some exceptions, the Endangered Species Act (Act) prohibits activities with endangered and threatened species unless a Federal permit allows such activity. The Act also...

75 FR 53708 - Endangered Species Recovery Permit Applications

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-01

...] Endangered Species Recovery Permit Applications AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, Interior. ACTION: Notice... endangered species. With some exceptions, the Endangered Species Act (Act) prohibits activities with endangered and threatened species unless a Federal permit allows such activity. The Act also requires that we...

50 CFR 450.01 - Definitions

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... OF COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS ENDANGERED SPECIES EXEMPTION PROCESS GENERAL... the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended, 16 U.S.C. 1531, et seq. Agency action means all... Endangered Species Committee, who is the Secretary of the Interior. Committee means the Endangered Species...

50 CFR 450.01 - Definitions

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... OF COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS ENDANGERED SPECIES EXEMPTION PROCESS GENERAL... the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended, 16 U.S.C. 1531, et seq. Agency action means all... Endangered Species Committee, who is the Secretary of the Interior. Committee means the Endangered Species...

Density Functional Study of Stacking Structures and Electronic Behaviors of AnE-PV Copolymer.

PubMed

Dong, Chuan-Ding; Beenken, Wichard J D

2016-10-10

In this work, we report an in-depth investigation on the π-stacking and interdigitating structures of poly(p-anthracene-ethynylene)-alt-poly(p-phenylene-vinylene) copolymer with octyl and ethyl-hexyl side chains and the resulting electronic band structures using density functional theory calculations. We found that in the π-stacking direction, the preferred stacking structure, determined by the steric effect of the branched ethyl-hexyl side chains, is featured by the anthracene-ethynylene units stacking on the phenylene-vinylene units of the neighboring chains and vice versa. This stacking structure, combined with the interdigitating structure where the branched side chains of the laterally neighboring chains are isolated, defines the energetically favorable structure of the ordered copolymer phase, which provides a good compromise between light absorption and charge-carrier transport.

78 FR 57410 - Endangered Species; Issuance of Permits

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-18

... permits to conduct certain activities with endangered species under the authority of the Endangered Species Act, as amended (Act). ADDRESSES: Endangered Species Program Manager, Ecological Services, U.S...-FF01E00000] Endangered Species; Issuance of Permits AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, Interior. ACTION...

76 FR 39432 - Endangered Species; Receipt of Applications for Permit

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-06

... conduct certain activities with endangered species. With some exceptions, the Endangered Species Act (ESA...] Endangered Species; Receipt of Applications for Permit AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, Interior. ACTION.... Background To help us carry out our conservation responsibilities for affected species, the Endangered...

50 CFR 450.01 - Definitions

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS ENDANGERED SPECIES EXEMPTION PROCESS GENERAL PROVISIONS... Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended, 16 U.S.C. 1531, et seq. Agency action means all actions of any... Endangered Species Committee, who is the Secretary of the Interior. Committee means the Endangered Species...

50 CFR 450.01 - Definitions

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS ENDANGERED SPECIES EXEMPTION PROCESS GENERAL PROVISIONS... Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended, 16 U.S.C. 1531, et seq. Agency action means all actions of any... Endangered Species Committee, who is the Secretary of the Interior. Committee means the Endangered Species...

Characterization and pyrolysis of Chlorella vulgaris and Arthrospira platensis: potential of bio-oil and chemical production by Py-GC/MS analysis.

PubMed

Almeida, Hanna N; Calixto, Guilherme Q; Chagas, Bruna M E; Melo, Dulce M A; Resende, Fabio M; Melo, Marcus A F; Braga, Renata Martins

2017-06-01

Biofuels have been seen as potential sources to meet future energy demand as a renewable and sustainable energy source. Despite the fact that the production technology of first-generation biofuels is consolidated, these biofuels are produced from foods crops such as grains, sugar cane, and vegetable oils competing with food for crop use and agricultural land. In recent years, it was found that microalgae have the potential to provide a viable alternative to fossil fuels as source of biofuels without compromising food supplies or arable land. On this scenario, this paper aims to demonstrate the energetic potential to produce bio-oil and chemicals from microalgae Chlorella vulgaris and Arthrospira platensis. The potential of these biomasses was evaluated in terms of physical-chemical characterization, thermogravimetric analysis, and analytical pyrolysis interfaced with gas chromatograph (Py-GC/MS). The results show that C. vulgaris and A. platensis are biomasses with a high heating value (24.60 and 22.43 MJ/kg) and low ash content, showing a high percentage of volatile matter (72.49 and 79.42%). These characteristics confirm their energetic potential for conversion process through pyrolysis, whereby some important aromatic compounds such as toluene, styrene, and phenol were identified as pyrolysis products, which could turn these microalgae a potential for biofuels and bioproduct production through the pyrolysis.

Endangered Species Day | Endangered Species Coalition

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Public acceptance of wildlife trapping in Colorado

USGS Publications Warehouse

Manfredo, M.J.; Pierce, C.L.; Fulton, D.; Pate, J.; Gill, B.R.

1999-01-01

In November 1994, the Colorado Division of Wildlife (CDOW) initiated a stakeholder process to develop trapping regulations that would seek to achieve compromise among divergent interests. A telephone survey was conducted to provide stakeholders with information about the Colorado public's acceptance of trapping. A random sample of 900 residents, stratified by geographic region, indicated that the public would vote to ban trapping and that they believed the ban would eliminate a cruel activity and help to preserve endangered wildlife. Most, however, agreed that trapping was acceptable to prevent spread of disease and to protect livestock, but unacceptable on the basis of providing recreation or making money. Beliefs about trapping were found to be rooted in a protection versus use value orientation about wildlife. The regulations subsequently adopted by the CDOW were consistent with survey findings; however, the regulatory process was bypassed by legislative action, giving trapping authority to the Colorado Department of Agriculture. In response, citizen activists succeeded in placing a ballot initiative before voters. In 1996, the ballot initiative passed, banning trapping in Colorado.

Interordinal chimera formation between medaka and zebrafish for analyzing stem cell differentiation.

PubMed

Hong, Ni; Chen, Songlin; Ge, Ruowen; Song, Jianxing; Yi, Meisheng; Hong, Yunhan

2012-08-10

Chimera formation is a standard test for pluripotency of stem cells in vivo. Interspecific chimera formation between distantly related organisms offers also an attractive approach for propagating endangered species. Parameters influencing interspecies chimera formation have remained poorly elucidated. Here, we report interordinal chimera formation between medaka and zebrafish, which separated ∼320 million years ago and exhibit a more than 2-fold difference in developmental speed. We show that, on transplantation into zebrafish blastulae, both noncultivated blastomeres and long-term cultivated embryonic stem (ES) cells of medaka adopted the zebrafish developmental program and differentiated into physiologically functional cell types including pigment cells, blood cells, and cardiomyocytes. We also show that medaka ES cells express differentiation gene markers during chimeric embryogenesis. Therefore, the evolutionary distance and different embryogenesis speeds do not produce donor-host incompatibility to compromise chimera formation between medaka and zebrafish, and molecular markers are valuable for analyzing lineage commitment and cell differentiation in interspecific chimeric embryos.

Interordinal Chimera Formation Between Medaka and Zebrafish for Analyzing Stem Cell Differentiation

PubMed Central

Hong, Ni; Chen, Songlin; Ge, Ruowen; Song, Jianxing

2012-01-01

Chimera formation is a standard test for pluripotency of stem cells in vivo. Interspecific chimera formation between distantly related organisms offers also an attractive approach for propagating endangered species. Parameters influencing interspecies chimera formation have remained poorly elucidated. Here, we report interordinal chimera formation between medaka and zebrafish, which separated ∼320 million years ago and exhibit a more than 2-fold difference in developmental speed. We show that, on transplantation into zebrafish blastulae, both noncultivated blastomeres and long-term cultivated embryonic stem (ES) cells of medaka adopted the zebrafish developmental program and differentiated into physiologically functional cell types including pigment cells, blood cells, and cardiomyocytes. We also show that medaka ES cells express differentiation gene markers during chimeric embryogenesis. Therefore, the evolutionary distance and different embryogenesis speeds do not produce donor-host incompatibility to compromise chimera formation between medaka and zebrafish, and molecular markers are valuable for analyzing lineage commitment and cell differentiation in interspecific chimeric embryos. PMID:22204449

Head shape disparity impacts pollutant accumulation in European eel.

PubMed

De Meyer, Jens; Belpaire, Claude; Boeckx, Pascal; Bervoets, Lieven; Covaci, Adrian; Malarvannan, Govindan; De Kegel, Barbara; Adriaens, Dominique

2018-05-08

Several aspects of the life cycle of the critically endangered European eel (Anguilla anguilla) remain poorly understood. One such aspect is the broad-versus narrow-head dimorphism, and how this impacts their overall performance at different stages of their life cycle. At the yellow eel stage, the phenotypes show a trophic divergence. We investigated whether pollutant accumulation is affected by this disparity. We show that broad-headed eels contained higher concentrations of mercury and several lipophilic organic pollutants, compared to narrow-headed ones, irrespective of their fat content. The hereby confirmed link between the phenotypic disparity, its associated feeding ecology and its impact on pollutant accumulation thus raises further concerns about their migratory and reproductive success. Considering that pollution is an important contributor to the European eel's decline, our results demonstrate that broad-headed eels are more vulnerable to detrimental pollutant accumulation. This compromises their successful contribution to their population's reproduction and its restoration. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

77 FR 6138 - Draft Policy on Interpretation of the Phrase “Significant Portion of Its Range” in the Endangered...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-07

... Portion of Its Range'' in the Endangered Species Act's Definitions of ``Endangered Species'' and... interpreting the phrase ``significant portion of its range'' in the Endangered Species Act's (Act's...'' in the Act's definitions of ``endangered species'' and ``threatened species'' will consider...

76 FR 74070 - Endangered and Threatened Species; Permits

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-30

... Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.). Dated: November 21, 2011. Lynn M. Lewis...-FF03E00000] Endangered and Threatened Species; Permits AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, Interior. ACTION... permits to conduct certain activities with endangered species under the authority of the Endangered...

77 FR 20838 - Endangered Species; Receipt of Applications for Permits

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-06

... endangered species. With some exceptions, the Endangered Species Act (ESA) prohibits activities with listed... responsibilities for affected species, and in consideration of section 10(a)(1)(A) of the Endangered Species Act of...-FF09A30000] Endangered Species; Receipt of Applications for Permits AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service...

78 FR 56924 - Endangered Species; Receipt of Applications for Permit

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-16

... endangered species. With some exceptions, the Endangered Species Act (ESA) prohibits activities with listed... responsibilities for affected species, and in consideration of section 10(a)(1)(A) of the Endangered Species Act of...-FF09A30000] Endangered Species; Receipt of Applications for Permit AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service...

77 FR 59961 - Endangered Species; Receipt of Applications for Permit

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-01

... endangered species. With some exceptions, the Endangered Species Act (ESA) prohibits activities with listed... affected species, and in consideration of section 10(a)(1)(A) of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as...-FF09A30000] Endangered Species; Receipt of Applications for Permit AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service...

78 FR 59052 - Endangered Species; Receipt of Applications for Permit

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-25

... endangered species. With some exceptions, the Endangered Species Act (ESA) prohibits activities with listed... responsibilities for affected species, and in consideration of section 10(a)(1)(A) of the Endangered Species Act of...-FF09A30000] Endangered Species; Receipt of Applications for Permit AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service...

76 FR 51051 - Endangered Species; Receipt of Applications for Permit

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-17

... endangered species. With some exceptions, the Endangered Species Act (ESA) prohibits activities with listed...) of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.), and our regulations in...] Endangered Species; Receipt of Applications for Permit AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, Interior. [[Page...

Identifying appropriate protected areas for endangered fern species under climate change.

PubMed

Wang, Chun-Jing; Wan, Ji-Zhong; Zhang, Zhi-Xiang; Zhang, Gang-Min

2016-01-01

The management of protected areas (PAs) is widely used in the conservation of endangered plant species under climate change. However, studies that have identified appropriate PAs for endangered fern species are rare. To address this gap, we must develop a workflow to plan appropriate PAs for endangered fern species that will be further impacted by climate change. Here, we used endangered fern species in China as a case study, and we applied conservation planning software coupled with endangered fern species distribution data and distribution modeling to plan conservation areas with high priority protection needs under climate change. We identified appropriate PAs for endangered fern species under climate change based on the IUCN protected area categories (from Ia to VI) and planned additional PAs for endangered fern species. The high priority regions for protecting the endangered fern species were distributed throughout southern China. With decreasing temperature seasonality, the priority ranking of all endangered fern species is projected to increase in existing PAs. Accordingly, we need to establish conservation areas with low climate vulnerability in existing PAs and expand the conservation areas for endangered fern species in the high priority conservation regions.

32 CFR 643.32 - Policy-Endangered species.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... ESTATE Policy § 643.32 Policy—Endangered species. The Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.), declares the intention of Congress to conserve threatened and endangered species of fish... 32 National Defense 4 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Policy-Endangered species. 643.32 Section 643.32...

32 CFR 643.32 - Policy-Endangered species.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... ESTATE Policy § 643.32 Policy—Endangered species. The Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.), declares the intention of Congress to conserve threatened and endangered species of fish... 32 National Defense 4 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Policy-Endangered species. 643.32 Section 643.32...

78 FR 48134 - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; 12-Month Finding and Proposed Endangered Listing...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-07

...-XZ50 Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; 12-Month Finding and Proposed Endangered Listing of Five Species of Sawfish Under the Endangered Species Act AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service... species: the narrow sawfish (A. cuspidata); dwarf sawfish (P. clavata); largetooth sawfish (collectively P...

32 CFR 643.32 - Policy-Endangered species.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... ESTATE Policy § 643.32 Policy—Endangered species. The Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.), declares the intention of Congress to conserve threatened and endangered species of fish... 32 National Defense 4 2012-07-01 2011-07-01 true Policy-Endangered species. 643.32 Section 643.32...

32 CFR 643.32 - Policy-Endangered species.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... ESTATE Policy § 643.32 Policy—Endangered species. The Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.), declares the intention of Congress to conserve threatened and endangered species of fish... 32 National Defense 4 2014-07-01 2013-07-01 true Policy-Endangered species. 643.32 Section 643.32...

32 CFR 643.32 - Policy-Endangered species.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... ESTATE Policy § 643.32 Policy—Endangered species. The Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.), declares the intention of Congress to conserve threatened and endangered species of fish... 32 National Defense 4 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Policy-Endangered species. 643.32 Section 643.32...

77 FR 2314 - Endangered Species; Receipt of Applications for Permit

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-17

... endangered species. With some exceptions, the Endangered Species Act (ESA) prohibits activities with listed... consideration of section 10(a)(1)(A) of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq...-FF09A30000] Endangered Species; Receipt of Applications for Permit AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service...

78 FR 30325 - Endangered Species; Marine Mammals; Receipt of Applications for Permit

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-22

... with endangered species, marine mammals, or both. With some exceptions, the Endangered Species Act (ESA... responsibilities for affected species, and in consideration of section 10(a)(1)(A) of the Endangered Species Act of...-FF09A30000] Endangered Species; Marine Mammals; Receipt of Applications for Permit AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife...

78 FR 45954 - Endangered Species; Receipt of Applications for Permit

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-30

... endangered species. With some exceptions, the Endangered Species Act (ESA) prohibits activities with listed..., and in consideration of section 10(a)(1)(A) of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (16 U.S...-FF09A30000] Endangered Species; Receipt of Applications for Permit AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service...

78 FR 65352 - Endangered Species; Marine Mammals; Receipt of Applications for Permit

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-31

... with endangered species, marine mammals, or both. With some exceptions, the Endangered Species Act (ESA... responsibilities for affected species, and in consideration of section 10(a)(1)(A) of the Endangered Species Act of...-FF09A30000] Endangered Species; Marine Mammals; Receipt of Applications for Permit AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife...

78 FR 52966 - Endangered Species; Marine Mammals; Receipt of Applications for Permit

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-27

... with endangered species, marine mammals, or both. With some exceptions, the Endangered Species Act (ESA... responsibilities for affected species, and in consideration of section 10(a)(1)(A) of the Endangered Species Act of...-FF09A30000] Endangered Species; Marine Mammals; Receipt of Applications for Permit AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife...

77 FR 38652 - Endangered Species; Receipt of Applications for Permit

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-28

... endangered species. With some exceptions, the Endangered Species Act (ESA) prohibits activities with listed..., and in consideration of section 10(a)(1)(A) of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (16 U.S...-FF09A30000] Endangered Species; Receipt of Applications for Permit AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service...

76 FR 80384 - Endangered Species; Receipt of Applications for Permit

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-23

... endangered species. With some exceptions, the Endangered Species Act (ESA) prohibits activities with listed... of section 10(a)(1)(A) of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq...-FF09A30000] Endangered Species; Receipt of Applications for Permit AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service...

77 FR 2753 - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Recovery Plan for Hawaiian Waterbirds, Second...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-19

... and delisting of the species and their removal from the Federal List of Endangered and Threatened... Hawaiian Waterbirds, Second Revision. The recovery plan addresses four endangered bird species. This plan.../endangered/species/recovery-plans.html and http://www.fws.gov/pacific/ecoservices/endangered/recovery/plans...

Optimum Pathways of Fish Spawning Migrations in Rivers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

McElroy, B. J.; Jacobson, R. B.; Delonay, A.

2010-12-01

Many fish species migrate large distances upstream in rivers to spawn. These migrations require energetic expenditures that are inversely related to fecundity of spawners. Here we present the theory necessary to quantify relative energetic requirements of upstream migration pathways and then test the hypothesis that least-cost paths are taken by the federally endangered pallid sturgeon (Scaphyrhyncus Albus), a benthic rheophile, in the lower Missouri River, USA. Total work done by a fish through a migratory path is proportional to the size of the fish, the total drag on the fish, and the distance traversed. Normalizing by the work required to remain stationary at the beginning of a path, relative work expenditure at each point of the path is found to be the cube of the ratio of the velocity along the path to the velocity at the start of the path. This is the velocity of the fish relative to the river flow. A least-cost migratory pathway can be determined from the velocity field in a reach as the path that minimizes a fish's relative work expenditure. We combine location data from pallid sturgeon implanted with telemetric tags and pressure-sensitive data storage tags with depth and velocity data collected with an acoustic Doppler profiler. During spring 2010 individual sturgeon were closely followed as they migrated up the Missouri River to spawn. These show that, within a small margin, pallid sturgeon in the lower Missouri River select least-cost paths as they swim upstream (typical velocities near 1.0 - 1.2 m/s). Within the range of collected data, it is also seen that many alternative paths not selected for migration are two orders of magnitude more energetically expensive (typical velocities near 2.0 - 2.5 m/s). In general these sturgeon migrated along the inner banks of bends avoiding high velocities in the thalweg, crossing the channel where the thalweg crosses in the opposite direction in order to proceed up the inner bank of subsequent bends. Overall, these results suggest a management strategy for increasing fecundity and reproductive success could be to manage flows to lower levels during prespawn migrations thereby decreasing expenditure necessary to reach spawning sites.

75 FR 41436 - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife; Notice of 90-Day Finding on a Petition to Revise Critical...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-16

... Revise Critical Habitat for the Endangered Leatherback Sea Turtle Under the Endangered Species Act (ESA... Endangered Species Act (ESA). We find that the petition does not present substantial scientific information... Service and the National Marine Fisheries Service in Joint Administration of the Endangered Species Act of...

76 FR 72891 - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife; 90-Day Finding on a Petition To List the Scalloped Hammerhead...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-28

... hammerhead shark as threatened or endangered under the Endangered Species Act (ESA), and to designate... NatureServe for listing under the U.S. Endangered Species Act'' because NatureServe assessments ``have... Headquarters Office (see ADDRESSES). Authority The authority for this action is the Endangered Species Act of...

76 FR 25660 - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife; Notice of 90-Day Finding on a Petition to Revise Critical...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-05

... to Revise Critical Habitat for the Endangered Leatherback Sea Turtle Under the Endangered Species Act... under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). We find that the petition presents substantial scientific... the Endangered Species Act of 1973 as to Marine Turtles.'' NMFS has jurisdiction over sea turtles and...

76 FR 14299 - Listing Endangered and Threatened Species: Correction To Codify in the Code of Federal...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-16

... segment (DPS) as an endangered species under the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (ESA). DATES: Effective.... 110223163-1180-01] RIN 0648-XA231 Listing Endangered and Threatened Species: Correction To Codify in the... the Southern Resident killer whale DPS as an endangered species under the ESA on November 18, 2005 (70...

78 FR 12777 - Endangered Species; Marine Mammals; Receipt of Applications for Permit

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-25

... with endangered species, marine mammals, or both. With some exceptions, the Endangered Species Act (ESA... Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.), and the Marine Mammal Protection Act of...-FF09A30000] Endangered Species; Marine Mammals; Receipt of Applications for Permit AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife...

77 FR 66476 - Endangered Species; Marine Mammals; Receipt of Applications for Permit

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-05

... with endangered species, marine mammals, or both. With some exceptions, the Endangered Species Act (ESA... Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.), and the Marine Mammal Protection Act of...-FF09A30000] Endangered Species; Marine Mammals; Receipt of Applications for Permit AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife...

77 FR 63439 - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Proposed Endangered Status for the Neosho Mucket...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-16

... Service 50 CFR Part 17 Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Proposed Endangered Status for the... No. FWS-ES-R4-2012-0031; 4500030113] RIN 1018-AX73 Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants... stress (stream's ability to entrain and transport bed material created by the flow acting on the bed...

77 FR 34463 - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Listing 38 Species on Molokai, Lanai, and Maui as...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-11

... section 4 of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (Act) (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.), including...'' denotes endangered status under the Act; ``C'' denotes a species currently on the candidate list... Endangered Plants: Bidens campylotheca ssp. kookoolau Proposed--Endangered Proposed. pentamera. (C). Bidens...

Molecular characterization of Hepatozoon spp. infection in endangered Indian wild felids and canids.

PubMed

Pawar, Rahul Mohanchandra; Poornachandar, Anantula; Srinivas, Pasham; Rao, Kancharapu Ramachandra; Lakshmikantan, Uthandaraman; Shivaji, Sisinthy

2012-05-25

Hepatozoon species are parasites that infect a wide variety of domestic and wild animals. The objective of this study was to perform the molecular detection and characterization of Hepatozoon spp. in Asiatic lion, Indian tiger, Indian leopard, Indian wild dog, Indian domestic dog and cat based on partial 18S rRNA gene sequences from Hepatozoon spp. in the naturally infected animals. Hepatozoon spp. could be detected in blood samples of 5 out of 9 Asiatic lions, 2 out of 5 Indian tigers, 2 out of 4 Indian leopards and 2 out of 2 Indian wild dogs and, 2 out of 4 domestic cats and 2 out of 3 domestic dog samples by PCR. Sequencing of PCR amplicon and BLAST analysis of partial 18S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the Hepatozoon spp. in Asiatic lion, Bengal tiger, Indian leopard and domestic cat was Hepatozoon felis (98-99% similarity) and in the Indian wild and domestic dog the phylogenetic neighbour was Hepatozoon canis (97-100% similarity). Presence of H. felis and H. canis in both domestic and wild animals suggested that they are not host specific and the same parasite causes infection in domestic and wild felids and canids in India and from different parts of the world. To our knowledge, this is the first report on detection and molecular characterization of H. felis infection in Asiatic lions, Indian tigers, Indian leopards and H. canis in Indian wild dog. Hepatozoon spp. may be a potential pathogen and an opportunistic parasite in immuno-compromised animals and could thus represent a threat to endangered Indian wild felids and canids. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Persistence of historical population structure in an endangered species despite near-complete biome conversion in California's San Joaquin Desert.

PubMed

Richmond, Jonathan Q; Wood, Dustin A; Westphal, Michael F; Vandergast, Amy G; Leaché, Adam D; Saslaw, Lawrence R; Butterfield, H Scott; Fisher, Robert N

2017-07-01

Genomic responses to habitat conversion can be rapid, providing wildlife managers with time-limited opportunities to enact recovery efforts that use population connectivity information that reflects predisturbance landscapes. Despite near-complete biome conversion, such opportunities may still exist for the endemic fauna and flora of California's San Joaquin Desert, but comprehensive genetic data sets are lacking for nearly all species in the region. To fill this knowledge gap, we studied the rangewide population structure of the endangered blunt-nosed leopard lizard Gambelia sila, a San Joaquin Desert endemic, using restriction site-associated DNA (RAD), microsatellite and mtDNA data to test whether admixture patterns and estimates of effective migration surfaces (EEMS) can identify land areas with high population connectivity prior to the conversion of native xeric habitats. Clustering and phylogenetic analyses indicate a recent shared history between numerous isolated populations and EEMS reveals latent signals of corridors and barriers to gene flow over areas now replaced by agriculture and urbanization. Conflicting histories between the mtDNA and nuclear genomes are consistent with hybridization with the sister species G. wislizenii, raising important questions about where legal protection should end at the southern range limit of G. sila. Comparative analysis of different data sets also adds to a growing list of advantages in using RAD loci for genetic studies of rare species. We demonstrate how the results of this work can serve as an evolutionary guidance tool for managing endemic, arid-adapted taxa in one of the world's most compromised landscapes. Published 2017. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.

78 FR 63941 - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife; 90-Day Finding on a Petition To List 23 Species of Corals as...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-25

... Petition To List 23 Species of Corals as Threatened or Endangered Under the Endangered Species Act AGENCY... Endangered Species Act (ESA). We find that the petition presents substantial scientific or commercial... do ``not constitute a recommendation by NatureServe for listing under the U.S. Endangered Species Act...

75 FR 21568 - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; 90-Day Finding on a Petition to List the Harlequin...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-26

... tulita), a butterfly endemic to Puerto Rico, as endangered under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as... listing determination for a species under section 4(a) of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended...) of the Act directs that determinations as to whether any species is a threatened or endangered...

Threatened & Endangered Species and the Private Landowner

Treesearch

USDA Forest Service

1997-01-01

Have you ever asked one of these questions about threatened and endangered species? What are threatened and endangered species? I wouldn't know an endangered species if I stepped on one; how am I supposed to know if I have one on my property? Isn't the process of extinction natural? How can I enhance my property to support an endangered or threatened...

78 FR 60607 - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Endangered Species Status for Echinomastus...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-01

...We, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service), determine that Echinomastus erectocentrus var. acunensis (acu[ntilde]a cactus) and Pediocactus peeblesianus var. fickeiseniae (Fickeisen plains cactus) meet the definition of endangered species under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended. This final rule implements the Federal protections provided by the Act for these species. The effect of this regulation will be to add these species to the List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants under the Endangered Species Act.

[Endangered situation and conservation strategy of Tibetan medicine in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau].

PubMed

Zhao, Cai-Yun; Liu, Huan; Su, Jin-Song; Li, Xuan-Hao; Jia, Min-Ru; Zhang, Yi; Zhang, Jing

2016-12-01

With the rapid development of Tibetan medicine industry, the study on plateau medicinal plants' endangered status is not enough, measures to protect is weak and the plateau ecological environment' inherent vulnerability, resulted in the shortage of Tibetan medicinal resources and affect the sustainable development . According to the existing endangered information of Tibetan medicine resources, how to formulate feasible protection plan, is an urgent problem of the rational development and utilization of Tibetan medicine resources to be solved. To find out the endangered Tibetan medicines in Qinghai Tibet Plateau, the Grade division method of Chinese Rare and Endangered Plants was applied, the endangered species were sorted out, which divided into class one (threatened) eleven species, class two (rare) twenty-one species, and class three (fading) forty-two species,a total of seventy-four species.In addition to national protection list in "Chinese rare and endangered plants". It's proposed to increase the endangered Tibetan medicinal species. Finally, according to the endangered status of the resources,from the survey of endangered Tibetan medicinal species regularly, the germplasm repository establishment of endangered Tibetan medicine, in situ conservation, artificial cultivation research and renew the idea, reasonable development and utilization, a total of 5 aspects to discussed the protection strategy, to provide a scientific basis for the protection and sustainable utilization of Tibetan medicine resources in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.

Energetic costs of mange in wolves estimated from infrared thermography.

PubMed

Cross, P C; Almberg, E S; Haase, C G; Hudson, P J; Maloney, S K; Metz, M C; Munn, A J; Nugent, P; Putzeys, O; Stahler, D R; Stewart, A C; Smith, D W

2016-08-01

Parasites, by definition, extract energy from their hosts and thus affect trophic and food web dynamics even when the parasite may have limited effects on host population size. We studied the energetic costs of mange (Sarcoptes scabiei) in wolves (Canis lupus) using thermal cameras to estimate heat losses associated with compromised insulation during the winter. We combined the field data of known, naturally infected wolves with a data set on captive wolves with shaved patches of fur as a positive control to simulate mange-induced hair loss. We predict that during the winter in Montana, more severe mange infection increases heat loss by around 5.2-12 MJ per night (1,240-2,850 kcal, or a 65-78% increase) for small and large wolves, respectively, accounting for wind effects. To maintain body temperature would require a significant proportion of a healthy wolf's total daily energy demands (18-22 MJ/day). We also predict how these thermal costs may increase in colder climates by comparing our predictions in Bozeman, Montana to those from a place with lower ambient temperatures (Fairbanks, Alaska). Contrary to our expectations, the 14°C differential between these regions was not as important as the potential differences in wind speed. These large increases in energetic demands can be mitigated by either increasing consumption rates or decreasing other energy demands. Data from GPS-collared wolves indicated that healthy wolves move, on average, 17 km per day, which was reduced by 1.5, 1.8, and 6.5 km for light, medium, and severe hair loss. In addition, the wolf with the most hair loss was less active at night and more active during the day, which is the converse of the movement patterns of healthy wolves. At the individual level, mange infections create significant energy demands and altered behavioral patterns, this may have cascading effects on prey consumption rates, food web dynamics, predator-prey interactions, and scavenger communities. © 2016 by the Ecological Society of America.

Energetic costs of mange in wolves estimated from infrared thermography

USGS Publications Warehouse

Cross, Paul C.; Almberg, Emily S.; Haase, Catherine G; Hudson, Peter J.; Maloney, Shane K; Metz, Matthew C; Munn, Adam J; Nugent, Paul; Putzeys, Olivier; Stahler, Daniel R.; Stewart, Anya C; Smith, Doug W.

2016-01-01

Parasites, by definition, extract energy from their hosts and thus affect trophic and food web dynamics even when the parasite may have limited effects on host population size. We studied the energetic costs of mange (Sarcoptes scabiei) in wolves (Canis lupus) using thermal cameras to estimate heat losses associated with compromised insulation during the winter. We combined the field data of known, naturally infected wolves with data set on captive wolves with shaved patches of fur as a positive control to simulate mange-induced hair loss. We predict that during the winter in Montana, more severe mange infection increases heat loss by around 5.2 to 12 MJ per night (1240 to 2850 kcal, or a 65% to 78% increase) for small and large wolves, respectively accounting for wind effects. To maintain body temperature would require a significant proportion of a healthy wolf's total daily energy demands (18-22 MJ/day). We also predict how these thermal costs may increase in colder climates by comparing our predictions in Bozeman, Montana to those from a place with lower ambient temperatures (Fairbanks, Alaska). Contrary to our expectations, the 14°C differential between these regions was not as important as the potential differences in wind speed. These large increases in energetic demands can be mitigated by either increasing consumption rates or decreasing other energy demands. Data from GPS-collared wolves indicated that healthy wolves move, on average, 17 km per day, which was reduced by 1.5, 1.8 and 6.5 km for light, medium, and severe hair loss. In addition, the wolf with the most hair loss was less active at night and more active during the day, which is the converse of the movement patterns of healthy wolves. At the individual level mange infections create significant energy demands and altered behavioral patterns, this may have cascading effects on prey consumption rates, food web dynamics, predator-prey interactions, and scavenger communities.

Futile Na+ cycling at the root plasma membrane in rice (Oryza sativa L.): kinetics, energetics, and relationship to salinity tolerance

PubMed Central

Malagoli, Philippe; Britto, Dev T.; Schulze, Lasse M.; Kronzucker, Herbert J.

2008-01-01

Globally, over one-third of irrigated land is affected by salinity, including much of the land under lowland rice cultivation in the tropics, seriously compromising yields of this most important of crop species. However, there remains an insufficient understanding of the cellular basis of salt tolerance in rice. Here, three methods of 24Na+ tracer analysis were used to investigate primary Na+ transport at the root plasma membrane in a salt-tolerant rice cultivar (Pokkali) and a salt-sensitive cultivar (IR29). Futile cycling of Na+ at the plasma membrane of intact roots occurred at both low and elevated levels of steady-state Na+ supply ([Na+]ext=1 mM and 25 mM) in both cultivars. At 25 mM [Na+]ext, a toxic condition for IR29, unidirectional influx and efflux of Na+ in this cultivar, but not in Pokkali, became very high [>100 μmol g (root FW)−1 h−1], demonstrating an inability to restrict sodium fluxes. Current models of sodium transport energetics across the plasma membrane in root cells predict that, if the sodium efflux were mediated by Na+/H+ antiport, this toxic scenario would impose a substantial respiratory cost in IR29. This cost is calculated here, and compared with root respiration, which, however, comprised only ∼50% of what would be required to sustain efflux by the antiporter. This suggests that either the conventional ‘leak-pump’ model of Na+ transport or the energetic model of proton-linked Na+ transport may require some revision. In addition, the lack of suppression of Na+ influx by both K+ and Ca2+, and by the application of the channel inhibitors Cs+, TEA+, and Ba2+, questions the participation of potassium channels and non-selective cation channels in the observed Na+ fluxes. PMID:18854575

Futile Na+ cycling at the root plasma membrane in rice (Oryza sativa L.): kinetics, energetics, and relationship to salinity tolerance.

PubMed

Malagoli, Philippe; Britto, Dev T; Schulze, Lasse M; Kronzucker, Herbert J

2008-01-01

Globally, over one-third of irrigated land is affected by salinity, including much of the land under lowland rice cultivation in the tropics, seriously compromising yields of this most important of crop species. However, there remains an insufficient understanding of the cellular basis of salt tolerance in rice. Here, three methods of 24Na+ tracer analysis were used to investigate primary Na+ transport at the root plasma membrane in a salt-tolerant rice cultivar (Pokkali) and a salt-sensitive cultivar (IR29). Futile cycling of Na+ at the plasma membrane of intact roots occurred at both low and elevated levels of steady-state Na+ supply ([Na+]ext=1 mM and 25 mM) in both cultivars. At 25 mM [Na+]ext, a toxic condition for IR29, unidirectional influx and efflux of Na+ in this cultivar, but not in Pokkali, became very high [>100 micromol g (root FW)(-1) h(-1)], demonstrating an inability to restrict sodium fluxes. Current models of sodium transport energetics across the plasma membrane in root cells predict that, if the sodium efflux were mediated by Na+/H+ antiport, this toxic scenario would impose a substantial respiratory cost in IR29. This cost is calculated here, and compared with root respiration, which, however, comprised only approximately 50% of what would be required to sustain efflux by the antiporter. This suggests that either the conventional 'leak-pump' model of Na+ transport or the energetic model of proton-linked Na+ transport may require some revision. In addition, the lack of suppression of Na+ influx by both K+ and Ca2+, and by the application of the channel inhibitors Cs+, TEA+, and Ba2+, questions the participation of potassium channels and non-selective cation channels in the observed Na+ fluxes.

75 FR 59690 - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife; Notice of 90-Day Finding on a Petition To List Warsaw Grouper...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-28

... Warsaw Grouper as Threatened or Endangered Under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) AGENCY: National Marine... authority for this action is the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.). Dated... practicable, that within 90 days of receipt of a petition to list a species as threatened or endangered, the...

Optical properties of voltage sensitive hemicyanine dyes of variable hydrophobicity confined within surfactant micelles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Naeem, Kashif; Naseem, Bushra; Shah, S. S.; Shah, Syed W. H.

2017-11-01

The optical properties of amphiphilic hemicyanine dyes with variable hydrophobicity, confined within anionic micelles of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (NaDDBS) have been studied by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy. The confinement constant, K conf has been determined for each entrapped dye. The ion-pair formation between dye and surfactant causes a decline in electronic transition energy (ΔE T) when dye alkyl chains are smaller due to stabilization of both the ground and excited state. ΔE T values gradually increase with increase in dye hydrophobicity that hampers the electrostatic interaction with dialkylammonium moiety and consequently excited state stabilization is compromised. The average number of dye molecules trapped in a single micelle was also determined. The negative values of Gibbs free energy indicate that the dye entrapment within micelles is energetically favored. These findings have significance for developing functional materials with peculiar luminescent properties, especially for more effective probing of complex biological systems.

A review of the physics of ice surface friction and the development of ice skating.

PubMed

Formenti, Federico

2014-01-01

Our walking and running movement patterns require friction between shoes and ground. The surface of ice is characterised by low friction in several naturally occurring conditions, and compromises our typical locomotion pattern. Ice skates take advantage of this slippery nature of ice; the first ice skates were made more than 4000 years ago, and afforded the development of a very efficient form of human locomotion. This review presents an overview of the physics of ice surface friction, and discusses the most relevant factors that can influence ice skates' dynamic friction coefficient. It also presents the main stages in the development of ice skating, describes the associated implications for exercise physiology, and shows the extent to which ice skating performance improved through history. This article illustrates how technical and materials' development, together with empirical understanding of muscle biomechanics and energetics, led to one of the fastest forms of human powered locomotion.

Optimizing the specificity of nucleic acid hybridization.

PubMed

Zhang, David Yu; Chen, Sherry Xi; Yin, Peng

2012-01-22

The specific hybridization of complementary sequences is an essential property of nucleic acids, enabling diverse biological and biotechnological reactions and functions. However, the specificity of nucleic acid hybridization is compromised for long strands, except near the melting temperature. Here, we analytically derived the thermodynamic properties of a hybridization probe that would enable near-optimal single-base discrimination and perform robustly across diverse temperature, salt and concentration conditions. We rationally designed 'toehold exchange' probes that approximate these properties, and comprehensively tested them against five different DNA targets and 55 spurious analogues with energetically representative single-base changes (replacements, deletions and insertions). These probes produced discrimination factors between 3 and 100+ (median, 26). Without retuning, our probes function robustly from 10 °C to 37 °C, from 1 mM Mg(2+) to 47 mM Mg(2+), and with nucleic acid concentrations from 1 nM to 5 µM. Experiments with RNA also showed effective single-base change discrimination.

Inhibition of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier protects from excitotoxic neuronal death.

PubMed

Divakaruni, Ajit S; Wallace, Martina; Buren, Caodu; Martyniuk, Kelly; Andreyev, Alexander Y; Li, Edward; Fields, Jerel A; Cordes, Thekla; Reynolds, Ian J; Bloodgood, Brenda L; Raymond, Lynn A; Metallo, Christian M; Murphy, Anne N

2017-04-03

Glutamate is the dominant excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain, but under conditions of metabolic stress it can accumulate to excitotoxic levels. Although pharmacologic modulation of excitatory amino acid receptors is well studied, minimal consideration has been given to targeting mitochondrial glutamate metabolism to control neurotransmitter levels. Here we demonstrate that chemical inhibition of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) protects primary cortical neurons from excitotoxic death. Reductions in mitochondrial pyruvate uptake do not compromise cellular energy metabolism, suggesting neuronal metabolic flexibility. Rather, MPC inhibition rewires mitochondrial substrate metabolism to preferentially increase reliance on glutamate to fuel energetics and anaplerosis. Mobilizing the neuronal glutamate pool for oxidation decreases the quantity of glutamate released upon depolarization and, in turn, limits the positive-feedback cascade of excitotoxic neuronal injury. The finding links mitochondrial pyruvate metabolism to glutamatergic neurotransmission and establishes the MPC as a therapeutic target to treat neurodegenerative diseases characterized by excitotoxicity. © 2017 Divakaruni et al.

Inhibition of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier protects from excitotoxic neuronal death

PubMed Central

Wallace, Martina; Buren, Caodu; Martyniuk, Kelly; Andreyev, Alexander Y.; Li, Edward; Fields, Jerel A.; Cordes, Thekla; Reynolds, Ian J.; Bloodgood, Brenda L.; Metallo, Christian M.

2017-01-01

Glutamate is the dominant excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain, but under conditions of metabolic stress it can accumulate to excitotoxic levels. Although pharmacologic modulation of excitatory amino acid receptors is well studied, minimal consideration has been given to targeting mitochondrial glutamate metabolism to control neurotransmitter levels. Here we demonstrate that chemical inhibition of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) protects primary cortical neurons from excitotoxic death. Reductions in mitochondrial pyruvate uptake do not compromise cellular energy metabolism, suggesting neuronal metabolic flexibility. Rather, MPC inhibition rewires mitochondrial substrate metabolism to preferentially increase reliance on glutamate to fuel energetics and anaplerosis. Mobilizing the neuronal glutamate pool for oxidation decreases the quantity of glutamate released upon depolarization and, in turn, limits the positive-feedback cascade of excitotoxic neuronal injury. The finding links mitochondrial pyruvate metabolism to glutamatergic neurotransmission and establishes the MPC as a therapeutic target to treat neurodegenerative diseases characterized by excitotoxicity. PMID:28254829

Light-induced lattice expansion leads to high-efficiency perovskite solar cells

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tsai, Hsinhan; Asadpour, Reza; Blancon, Jean-Christophe; Stoumpos, Constantinos C.; Durand, Olivier; Strzalka, Joseph W.; Chen, Bo; Verduzco, Rafael; Ajayan, Pulickel M.; Tretiak, Sergei; Even, Jacky; Alam, Muhammad Ashraf; Kanatzidis, Mercouri G.; Nie, Wanyi; Mohite, Aditya D.

2018-04-01

Light-induced structural dynamics plays a vital role in the physical properties, device performance, and stability of hybrid perovskite–based optoelectronic devices. We report that continuous light illumination leads to a uniform lattice expansion in hybrid perovskite thin films, which is critical for obtaining high-efficiency photovoltaic devices. Correlated, in situ structural and device characterizations reveal that light-induced lattice expansion benefits the performances of a mixed-cation pure-halide planar device, boosting the power conversion efficiency from 18.5 to 20.5%. The lattice expansion leads to the relaxation of local lattice strain, which lowers the energetic barriers at the perovskite-contact interfaces, thus improving the open circuit voltage and fill factor. The light-induced lattice expansion did not compromise the stability of these high-efficiency photovoltaic devices under continuous operation at full-spectrum 1-sun (100 milliwatts per square centimeter) illumination for more than 1500 hours.

Neuronal control of astrocytic respiration through a variant of the Crabtree effect.

PubMed

Fernández-Moncada, Ignacio; Ruminot, Iván; Robles-Maldonado, Daniel; Alegría, Karin; Deitmer, Joachim W; Barros, L Felipe

2018-02-13

Aerobic glycolysis is a phenomenon that in the long term contributes to synaptic formation and growth, is reduced by normal aging, and correlates with amyloid beta deposition. Aerobic glycolysis starts within seconds of neural activity and it is not obvious why energetic efficiency should be compromised precisely when energy demand is highest. Using genetically encoded FRET nanosensors and real-time oxygen measurements in culture and in hippocampal slices, we show here that astrocytes respond to physiological extracellular K + with an acute rise in cytosolic ATP and a parallel inhibition of oxygen consumption, explained by glycolytic stimulation via the Na + -bicarbonate cotransporter NBCe1. This control of mitochondrial respiration via glycolysis modulation is reminiscent of a phenomenon previously described in proliferating cells, known as the Crabtree effect. Fast brain aerobic glycolysis may be interpreted as a strategy whereby neurons manipulate neighboring astrocytes to obtain oxygen, thus maximizing information processing.

50 CFR 451.02 - Applications for exemptions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS ENDANGERED SPECIES EXEMPTION... Endangered Species Act, as amended. (b) Where to apply. Applications should be made to the appropriate Secretary(ies) by writing: (1) The Secretary, Attention: Endangered Species Committee, Department of the...

50 CFR 451.02 - Applications for exemptions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS ENDANGERED SPECIES EXEMPTION... Endangered Species Act, as amended. (b) Where to apply. Applications should be made to the appropriate Secretary(ies) by writing: (1) The Secretary, Attention: Endangered Species Committee, Department of the...

50 CFR 451.02 - Applications for exemptions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS ENDANGERED SPECIES EXEMPTION... Endangered Species Act, as amended. (b) Where to apply. Applications should be made to the appropriate Secretary(ies) by writing: (1) The Secretary, Attention: Endangered Species Committee, Department of the...

50 CFR 451.02 - Applications for exemptions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS ENDANGERED SPECIES EXEMPTION... Endangered Species Act, as amended. (b) Where to apply. Applications should be made to the appropriate Secretary(ies) by writing: (1) The Secretary, Attention: Endangered Species Committee, Department of the...

50 CFR 451.02 - Applications for exemptions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS ENDANGERED SPECIES EXEMPTION... Endangered Species Act, as amended. (b) Where to apply. Applications should be made to the appropriate Secretary(ies) by writing: (1) The Secretary, Attention: Endangered Species Committee, Department of the...

76 FR 57943 - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Revising the List of Endangered and Threatened...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-19

...; Revising the List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife for the Gray Wolf (Canis lupus) in the Eastern... the listing of the Minnesota population of gray wolves (Canis lupus) under the Endangered Species Act...

50 CFR 402.01 - Scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

...); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS SUBCHAPTER A INTERAGENCY COOPERATION-ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT OF 1973....C. 1536(a)-(d)] of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (“Act”). Section 7(a) grants authority to and imposes requirements upon Federal agencies regarding endangered or threatened species of...

50 CFR 402.01 - Scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

...); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS SUBCHAPTER A INTERAGENCY COOPERATION-ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT OF 1973....C. 1536(a)-(d)] of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (“Act”). Section 7(a) grants authority to and imposes requirements upon Federal agencies regarding endangered or threatened species of...

50 CFR 402.01 - Scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

...); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS SUBCHAPTER A INTERAGENCY COOPERATION-ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT OF 1973....C. 1536(a)-(d)] of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (“Act”). Section 7(a) grants authority to and imposes requirements upon Federal agencies regarding endangered or threatened species of...

50 CFR 402.01 - Scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

...); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS SUBCHAPTER A INTERAGENCY COOPERATION-ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT OF 1973....C. 1536(a)-(d)] of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (“Act”). Section 7(a) grants authority to and imposes requirements upon Federal agencies regarding endangered or threatened species of...

78 FR 42540 - Endangered and Threatened Species; Permits

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-16

...-FF06E00000] Endangered and Threatened Species; Permits AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, Interior. ACTION... permits to conduct certain activities with endangered species under the authority of the Endangered Species Act, as amended (Act). FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Kathy Konishi, Permit Coordinator...

50 CFR 402.01 - Scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

...); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS SUBCHAPTER A INTERAGENCY COOPERATION-ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT OF 1973....C. 1536(a)-(d)] of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (“Act”). Section 7(a) grants authority to and imposes requirements upon Federal agencies regarding endangered or threatened species of...

50 CFR 424.02 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... OF COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS SUBCHAPTER A LISTING ENDANGERED AND THREATENED... species being considered by the Secretary for listing as an endangered or a threatened species, but not... of all methods and procedures that are necessary to bring any endangered or threatened species to the...

Coping with uncertainty: nutrient deficiencies motivate insect migration at a cost to immunity.

PubMed

Srygley, Robert B; Lorch, Patrick D

2013-12-01

Migration often is associated with movement away from areas with depleted nutrients or other resources, and yet migration itself is energetically demanding. Migrating Mormon crickets Anabrus simplex (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) lack nutrients, and supplementation of deficient nutrients slows migratory movements and enhances specific aspects of their immune systems. Migrants deficient in proteins have less spontaneous phenoloxidase (PO) activity, whereas those deficient in carbohydrates have lower lysozyme-like anti-bacterial titers with a proposed compromise between migratory and anti-bacterial activities. To investigate the relationship between diet, movement, and immunity further, we removed Mormon crickets from a migratory band and offered each cricket one of five diets: high protein, high carbohydrate, equal weight of proteins and carbohydrates (P + C), vitamins only, or water only for 1 h. We then attached a radio, returned each to the migratory band, and recaptured them 18-24 h later. Mormon crickets fed protein moved the furthest, those with only water or only vitamins moved less, and those fed carbohydrates or P + C moved the least. Standard intake trials also indicated that the Mormon crickets were deficient in carbohydrates. Consistent with a previous study, lysozyme-like anti-bacterial activity was greatest in those fed carbohydrates, and there was no difference between those fed water, protein, or P + C. Crickets were removed from the same migratory band and fed one of four diets: high P, high C, P + C, or vitamins only, for 1 h. Then the crickets were held in captivity with water only for 4 or 24 h before blood was drawn. Immunity measures did not differ between times of draw. Diet treatments had no effect on anti-bacterial activity of captive Mormon crickets, whereas total PO was greater in those fed protein. These results support the hypothesis of a direct compromise between migratory and anti-bacterial activities, whereas PO is compromised by low protein independent of migratory activities. We discuss the potential effects of climate on nutritional deficits and susceptibility to different pathogens.

78 FR 60254 - Endangered and Threatened Species; Take of Anadromous Fish

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-01

... knowledge of species listed under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) and to help guide management and...: September 26, 2013. Angela Somma, Chief, Endangered Species Division, Office of Protected Resources... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RIN 0648-XC896 Endangered...

77 FR 3743 - Endangered and Threatened Species; Take of Anadromous Fish

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-25

... application requests relating to salmonids listed under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). The proposed..., Endangered Species Division, Office of Protected Resources, National Marine Fisheries Service. [FR Doc. 2012... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RIN 0648-XA953 Endangered...

76 FR 32223 - Endangered Species; Receipt of Applications for Permit

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-03

.... With some exceptions, the Endangered Species Act (ESA) prohibit activities with listed species unless a... carry out our conservation responsibilities for affected species, the Endangered Species Act of 1973...] Endangered Species; Receipt of Applications for Permit AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, Interior. ACTION...

76 FR 61733 - Endangered Species; Receipt of Applications for Permit

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-05

... public to comment on the following applications to conduct certain activities with endangered species. With some exceptions, the Endangered Species Act (ESA) prohibits activities with listed species unless...] Endangered Species; Receipt of Applications for Permit AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, Interior. ACTION...

76 FR 34095 - Endangered Species Receipt of Applications for Permit

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-10

... public to comment on the following applications to conduct certain activities with endangered species. With some exceptions, the Endangered Species Act (ESA) prohibits activities with listed species unless...] Endangered Species Receipt of Applications for Permit AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, Interior. ACTION...

75 FR 54909 - Endangered Species Receipt of Applications for Permit

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-09

... public to comment on the following applications to conduct certain activities with endangered species. With some exceptions, the Endangered Species Act (ESA) prohibits activities with listed species unless...] Endangered Species Receipt of Applications for Permit AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, Interior. ACTION...

76 FR 12990 - Endangered Species Receipt of Applications for Permit

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-09

... public to comment on the following applications to conduct certain activities with endangered species. With some exceptions, the Endangered Species Act (ESA) prohibits activities with listed species unless...] Endangered Species Receipt of Applications for Permit AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, Interior. ACTION...

76 FR 20705 - Endangered Species Receipt of Applications for Permit

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-13

... public to comment on the following applications to conduct certain activities with endangered species. With some exceptions, the Endangered Species Act (ESA) prohibits activities with listed species unless...] Endangered Species Receipt of Applications for Permit AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, Interior. ACTION...

76 FR 2348 - Endangered Species

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-13

.... 15596] Endangered Species AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and... requested permit has been issued under the authority of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (ESA... endangered and threatened species (50 CFR parts 222-226). The North Carolina Aquarium at Fort Fisher has been...

76 FR 45230 - Endangered Species; File No. 15802

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-28

... INFORMATION: The subject permit is requested under the authority of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as... of endangered and threatened species (50 CFR 222-226). The applicant proposes to monitor smalltooth... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RIN 0648-XA603 Endangered...

50 CFR 452.07 - Separation of functions and ex parte communications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS ENDANGERED... participated in the endangered species consultation at issue; (2) The Secretary shall not allow an agency employee or agent who participated in the endangered species consultation at issue or a factually related...

50 CFR 452.07 - Separation of functions and ex parte communications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS ENDANGERED... participated in the endangered species consultation at issue; (2) The Secretary shall not allow an agency employee or agent who participated in the endangered species consultation at issue or a factually related...

75 FR 78974 - Endangered Species

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-17

...-XA086 Endangered Species AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and... the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) and the regulations governing the taking, importing, and exporting of endangered and threatened species (50 CFR 222-226). Permit...

76 FR 74778 - Endangered Species

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-01

.... 16439] Endangered Species AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and... has been issued under the authority of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (ESA; 16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) and the regulations governing the taking, importing, and exporting of endangered and...

50 CFR 452.07 - Separation of functions and ex parte communications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS ENDANGERED... participated in the endangered species consultation at issue; (2) The Secretary shall not allow an agency employee or agent who participated in the endangered species consultation at issue or a factually related...

76 FR 19052 - Endangered Species; File No. 14344

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-06

...-named organization. The requested permit has been issued under the authority of the Endangered Species..., importing, and exporting of endangered and threatened species (50 CFR parts 222-226). The permit authorizes... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RIN 0648-XA340 Endangered...

77 FR 30261 - Endangered Species; File No. 16306

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-22

..., importing, and exporting of endangered and threatened species (50 CFR parts 222-226). The Maine Department... to the disadvantage of such endangered or threatened species, and (3) is consistent with the purposes... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RIN 0648-XA712 Endangered...

50 CFR 452.07 - Separation of functions and ex parte communications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS ENDANGERED... participated in the endangered species consultation at issue; (2) The Secretary shall not allow an agency employee or agent who participated in the endangered species consultation at issue or a factually related...

50 CFR 452.07 - Separation of functions and ex parte communications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS ENDANGERED... participated in the endangered species consultation at issue; (2) The Secretary shall not allow an agency employee or agent who participated in the endangered species consultation at issue or a factually related...

75 FR 78974 - Endangered Species

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-17

...-XA087 Endangered Species AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and.... SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The subject permit is requested under the authority of the Endangered Species Act of... exporting of endangered and threatened species (50 CFR 222-226). Mr. Savoy is seeking a permit enabling the...

Status of endangered and threatened plant species on Nevada Test Site: a survey. Part 1. Endangered species

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rhoads, W.A.; Williams, M.P.

1977-04-01

Eight plant species which occur on NTS and one which occurs just outside the west boundary have been suggested by the Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) as endangered plants in Nevada under the Endangered Species Act of 1973. This survey provides a basis for suggesting that seven of the nine species remain as candidates for the endangered status, and that two be removed from the threatened status. The following species are recommended for the endangered status: Astragalus beatleyae, Astragalus nyensis, Lathyrus hitchcockianus, Trifolium andersonii ssp. beatleyae, Frasera pahutensis, Phacelia beatleyae, and Camissonia megalantha. Two recommended for the threatened status aremore » Penstemon pahutensis and Arctomecon merriamii. In addition we suggest that two species not previously listed for Nevada by FWS be considered as endangered. These are Phacelia parishii, found for the first time since 1941 on NTS, and Galium hilendiae ssp. kingstonense, previously listed as a candidate for endangered status for California but not for Nevada.« less

Solar Cycle Predictions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pesnell, William Dean

2012-01-01

Solar cycle predictions are needed to plan long-term space missions; just like weather predictions are needed to plan the launch. Fleets of satellites circle the Earth collecting many types of science data, protecting astronauts, and relaying information. All of these satellites are sensitive at some level to solar cycle effects. Predictions of drag on LEO spacecraft are one of the most important. Launching a satellite with less propellant can mean a higher orbit, but unanticipated solar activity and increased drag can make that a Pyrrhic victory as you consume the reduced propellant load more rapidly. Energetic events at the Sun can produce crippling radiation storms that endanger all assets in space. Solar cycle predictions also anticipate the shortwave emissions that cause degradation of solar panels. Testing solar dynamo theories by quantitative predictions of what will happen in 5-20 years is the next arena for solar cycle predictions. A summary and analysis of 75 predictions of the amplitude of the upcoming Solar Cycle 24 is presented. The current state of solar cycle predictions and some anticipations how those predictions could be made more accurate in the future will be discussed.

Expensive Brains: "Brainy" Rodents have Higher Metabolic Rate.

PubMed

Sobrero, Raúl; May-Collado, Laura J; Agnarsson, Ingi; Hernández, Cristián E

2011-01-01

Brains are the centers of the nervous system of animals, controlling the organ systems of the body and coordinating responses to changes in the ecological and social environment. The evolution of traits that correlate with cognitive ability, such as relative brain size is thus of broad interest. Brain mass relative to body mass (BM) varies among mammals, and diverse factors have been proposed to explain this variation. A recent study provided evidence that energetics play an important role in brain evolution (Isler and van Schaik, 2006). Using composite phylogenies and data drawn from multiple sources, these authors showed that basal metabolic rate (BMR) correlates with brain mass across mammals. However, no such relationship was found within rodents. Here we re-examined the relationship between BMR and brain mass within Rodentia using a novel species-level phylogeny. Our results are sensitive to parameter evaluation; in particular how species mass is estimated. We detect no pattern when applying an approach used by previous studies, where each species BM is represented by two different numbers, one being the individual that happened to be used for BMR estimates of that species. However, this approach may compromise the analysis. When using a single value of BM for each species, whether representing a single individual, or available species mean, our findings provide evidence that brain mass (independent of BM) and BMR are correlated. These findings are thus consistent with the hypothesis that large brains evolve when the payoff for increased brain mass is greater than the energetic cost they incur.

Promoting PGC-1α-driven mitochondrial biogenesis is detrimental in pressure-overloaded mouse hearts

PubMed Central

Karamanlidis, Georgios; Garcia-Menendez, Lorena; Kolwicz, Stephen C.; Lee, Chi Fung

2014-01-01

Mitochondrial dysfunction in animal models of heart failure is associated with downregulation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator (PGC)-1α pathway. To test whether PGC-1α is an appropriate therapeutic target for increasing mitochondrial biogenesis and improving function in heart failure, we used a transgenic (TG) mouse model of moderate overexpression of PGC-1α (∼3-fold) in the heart. TG mice had small increases in citrate synthase activity and mitochondria size in the heart without alterations in myocardial energetics or cardiac function at baseline. In vivo dobutamine stress increased fractional shortening in wild-type mice, but this increase was attenuated in TG mice, whereas ex vivo isolated perfused TG hearts demonstrated normal functional and energetic response to high workload challenge. When subjected to pressure overload by transverse aortic constriction (TAC), TG mice displayed a significantly greater acute mortality for both male and female mice; however, long-term survival up to 8 wk was similar between the two groups. TG mice also showed a greater decrease in fractional shortening and a greater increase in left ventricular chamber dimension in response to TAC. Mitochondrial gene expression and citrate synthase activity were mildly increased in TG mice compared with wild-type mice, and this difference was also maintained after TAC. Our data suggest that a moderate level of PGC-1α overexpression in the heart compromises acute survival and does not improve cardiac function during chronic pressure overload in mice. PMID:25172896

50 CFR 402.02 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... OF COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS SUBCHAPTER A INTERAGENCY COOPERATION-ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT OF 1973, AS AMENDED General § 402.02 Definitions. Act means the Endangered Species Act... endangered or threatened under section 4 of the Act. Listed species are found in 50 CFR 17.11-17.12. Major...

77 FR 34061 - Endangered Species; Issuance of Permits

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-08

... following permits to conduct certain activities with endangered species. We issue these permits under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). ADDRESSES: Brenda Tapia, Division of Management Authority, U.S. Fish and...-FF09A30000] Endangered Species; Issuance of Permits AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, Interior. ACTION...

78 FR 37565 - Endangered Species; Issuance of Permits

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-21

... following permits to conduct certain activities with endangered species. We issue these permits under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). ADDRESSES: Brenda Tapia, Division of Management Authority, U.S. Fish and...-FF09A30000] Endangered Species; Issuance of Permits AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, Interior. ACTION...

50 CFR 229.20 - Issuance of permits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... listing as an endangered species or threatened species under the Endangered Species Act of 1973 if the... is being developed for such species or stock pursuant to the Endangered Species Act of 1973; and (3... the Endangered Species Act, including a summary of available information regarding the fisheries...

78 FR 56922 - Endangered Species; Issuance of Permits

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-16

... following permits to conduct certain activities with endangered species. We issue these permits under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). ADDRESSES: Brenda Tapia, Division of Management Authority, U.S. Fish and...-FF09A30000] Endangered Species; Issuance of Permits AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, Interior. ACTION...

78 FR 27255 - Endangered Species; Issuance of Permits

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-09

... following permits to conduct certain activities with endangered species. We issue these permits under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). ADDRESSES: Brenda Tapia, Division of Management Authority, U.S. Fish and...-FF09A30000] Endangered Species; Issuance of Permits AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, Interior. ACTION...

50 CFR 229.20 - Issuance of permits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... listing as an endangered species or threatened species under the Endangered Species Act of 1973 if the... is being developed for such species or stock pursuant to the Endangered Species Act of 1973; and (3... the Endangered Species Act, including a summary of available information regarding the fisheries...

50 CFR 402.02 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... OF COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS SUBCHAPTER A INTERAGENCY COOPERATION-ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT OF 1973, AS AMENDED General § 402.02 Definitions. Act means the Endangered Species Act... endangered or threatened under section 4 of the Act. Listed species are found in 50 CFR 17.11-17.12. Major...

50 CFR 402.02 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... OF COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS SUBCHAPTER A INTERAGENCY COOPERATION-ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT OF 1973, AS AMENDED General § 402.02 Definitions. Act means the Endangered Species Act... endangered or threatened under section 4 of the Act. Listed species are found in 50 CFR 17.11-17.12. Major...

50 CFR 402.02 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... OF COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS SUBCHAPTER A INTERAGENCY COOPERATION-ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT OF 1973, AS AMENDED General § 402.02 Definitions. Act means the Endangered Species Act... endangered or threatened under section 4 of the Act. Listed species are found in 50 CFR 17.11-17.12. Major...

50 CFR 402.02 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... OF COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS SUBCHAPTER A INTERAGENCY COOPERATION-ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT OF 1973, AS AMENDED General § 402.02 Definitions. Act means the Endangered Species Act... endangered or threatened under section 4 of the Act. Listed species are found in 50 CFR 17.11-17.12. Major...

50 CFR 229.20 - Issuance of permits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... listing as an endangered species or threatened species under the Endangered Species Act of 1973 if the... is being developed for such species or stock pursuant to the Endangered Species Act of 1973; and (3... the Endangered Species Act, including a summary of available information regarding the fisheries...

77 FR 24469 - Endangered and Threatened Species; Take of Anadromous Fish

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-24

... Endangered Species Act (ESA). The proposed research activities are intended to increase knowledge of the... genetic research in the Yolo Bypass. Dated: April 19, 2012. Angela Somma, Chief, Endangered Species... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RIN 0648-XB168 Endangered...

75 FR 13488 - Endangered Species; File No. 14949

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-22

.... SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The subject permit is requested under the authority of the Endangered Species Act of... exporting of endangered and threatened species (50 CFR 222-226). The purpose of the research is to provide... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RIN 0648-XV33 Endangered...

22 CFR 216.5 - Endangered species.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Endangered species. 216.5 Section 216.5 Foreign Relations AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENTAL PROCEDURES § 216.5 Endangered species. It is A... endangered or threatened species and their critical habitats. The Initial Environmental Examination for each...

50 CFR 424.17 - Time limits and required actions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS SUBCHAPTER A LISTING ENDANGERED... whether a species is an endangered or threatened species, or to designate or revise critical habitat, the... designations. A final rule designating critical habitat of an endangered or a threatened species shall to the...

22 CFR 216.5 - Endangered species.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Endangered species. 216.5 Section 216.5 Foreign Relations AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENTAL PROCEDURES § 216.5 Endangered species. It is A... endangered or threatened species and their critical habitats. The Initial Environmental Examination for each...

78 FR 3882 - Endangered Species; File No. 13543

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-17

... requested under the authority of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) and the regulations governing the taking, importing, and exporting of endangered and threatened species... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RIN 0648-XJ40 Endangered...

77 FR 21751 - Endangered Species; File No. 16645

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-11

... Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (ESA). The permit application is for the incidental take of ESA... appointment in the following office: Endangered Species Division, Office of Protected Resources, NMFS, 1315.... Mail: Submit written comments to Endangered Species Division, Office of Protected Resources, NMFS, 1315...

22 CFR 216.5 - Endangered species.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Endangered species. 216.5 Section 216.5 Foreign Relations AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENTAL PROCEDURES § 216.5 Endangered species. It is A... endangered or threatened species and their critical habitats. The Initial Environmental Examination for each...

77 FR 58812 - Endangered Species; File No. 16733

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-24

.... SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The subject permit is requested under the authority of the Endangered Species Act of... exporting of endangered and threatened species (50 CFR 222-226). The SEFSC requests a five-year permit to... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RIN 0648-XC253 Endangered...

22 CFR 216.5 - Endangered species.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Endangered species. 216.5 Section 216.5 Foreign Relations AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENTAL PROCEDURES § 216.5 Endangered species. It is A... endangered or threatened species and their critical habitats. The Initial Environmental Examination for each...

78 FR 17355 - Endangered Species; File No. 17787

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-21

.... SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The subject permit is requested under the authority of the Endangered Species Act of... exporting of endangered and threatened species (50 CFR parts 222-226). The applicant proposes to gather life... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RIN 0648-XC576 Endangered...

75 FR 13256 - Endangered Species; File No. 14176

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-19

.... SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The subject permit is requested under the authority of the Endangered Species Act of..., and exporting of endangered and threatened species (50 CFR 222-226). The applicant is seeking a five... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RIN 0648-XV28 Endangered...

78 FR 39258 - Endangered Species; File No. 18069

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-01

.... SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The subject permit is requested under the authority of the Endangered Species Act of... exporting of endangered and threatened species (50 CFR parts 222-226). The applicant requests a five-year... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RIN 0648-XC725 Endangered...

50 CFR 424.17 - Time limits and required actions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS SUBCHAPTER A LISTING ENDANGERED... whether a species is an endangered or threatened species, or to designate or revise critical habitat, the... designations. A final rule designating critical habitat of an endangered or a threatened species shall to the...

78 FR 2659 - Endangered Species; File No. 16645

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-14

... written request or by appointment in the following office: Endangered Species Conservation Division... GA DNR. The requested permit has been issued under the authority of the Endangered Species Act of... exporting of endangered and threatened species (50 CFR parts 222-226). The permit authorizes take of ESA...

22 CFR 216.5 - Endangered species.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Endangered species. 216.5 Section 216.5 Foreign Relations AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENTAL PROCEDURES § 216.5 Endangered species. It is A... endangered or threatened species and their critical habitats. The Initial Environmental Examination for each...

75 FR 7443 - Endangered Species; File No. 14381

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-02-19

...-named organization. The requested permit has been issued under the authority of the Endangered Species..., importing, and exporting of endangered and threatened species (50 CFR parts 222-226). The researchers will... to the disadvantage of such endangered or threatened species, and (3) is consistent with the purposes...

77 FR 13096 - Endangered Species; File No. 16598

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-05

... under the authority of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (ESA; 16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) and the regulations governing the taking, importing, and exporting of endangered and threatened species... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RIN 0648-XB054 Endangered...

Endangered Languages Data Summary.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yamamoto, Akira Y., Comp.

1996-01-01

This preliminary report presents the results of a 1995 Linguistic Society of America survey on endangered languages. The Endangered Languages Survey was prepared in consultation with other linguistic organizations such as the German Linguistic Group, Endangered Languages Clearing House, and the Society for the Study of the Indigenous Languages of…

40 CFR 257.3-2 - Endangered species.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Endangered Species Act. (2) Destruction or adverse modification means a direct or indirect alteration of... 40 Protection of Environment 26 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Endangered species. 257.3-2 Section... Disposal Facilities and Practices § 257.3-2 Endangered species. (a) Facilities or practices shall not cause...

40 CFR 230.30 - Threatened and endangered species.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... consultation with the Secretary of the Interior occurs under section 7 of the Endangered Species Act, the... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Threatened and endangered species. 230... Impacts on Biological Characteristics of the Aquatic Ecosystem § 230.30 Threatened and endangered species...

40 CFR 257.3-2 - Endangered species.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Endangered Species Act. (2) Destruction or adverse modification means a direct or indirect alteration of... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Endangered species. 257.3-2 Section... Disposal Facilities and Practices § 257.3-2 Endangered species. (a) Facilities or practices shall not cause...

40 CFR 257.3-2 - Endangered species.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Endangered Species Act. (2) Destruction or adverse modification means a direct or indirect alteration of... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Endangered species. 257.3-2 Section... Disposal Facilities and Practices § 257.3-2 Endangered species. (a) Facilities or practices shall not cause...

Save Our Species: Protecting Endangered Species from Pesticides.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.

This full-size poster profiles 11 wildlife species that are endangered. Color illustrations of animals and plants are accompanied by narrative describing their habitats and reasons for endangerment. The reverse side of the poster contains information on the Endangered Species Act, why protecting endangered and threatened species is important, how…

The Economics of Saving Endangered Species: A Teaching Activity.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schug, Mark C.; Shaw, Jane S.

1997-01-01

Argues that well-intentioned government policies, such as the Endangered Species Act, can actually cause harm to endangered species by creating disincentives to preserving the habitat for endangered species. Maintains that the use of incentives can lead to voluntary species protection. Includes instructions for an in-class teaching activity. (MJP)

40 CFR 230.30 - Threatened and endangered species.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... consultation with the Secretary of the Interior occurs under section 7 of the Endangered Species Act, the... 40 Protection of Environment 26 2012-07-01 2011-07-01 true Threatened and endangered species. 230... Impacts on Biological Characteristics of the Aquatic Ecosystem § 230.30 Threatened and endangered species...

40 CFR 257.3-2 - Endangered species.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Endangered Species Act. (2) Destruction or adverse modification means a direct or indirect alteration of... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Endangered species. 257.3-2 Section... Disposal Facilities and Practices § 257.3-2 Endangered species. (a) Facilities or practices shall not cause...

40 CFR 230.30 - Threatened and endangered species.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... consultation with the Secretary of the Interior occurs under section 7 of the Endangered Species Act, the... 40 Protection of Environment 26 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Threatened and endangered species. 230... Impacts on Biological Characteristics of the Aquatic Ecosystem § 230.30 Threatened and endangered species...

40 CFR 230.30 - Threatened and endangered species.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... consultation with the Secretary of the Interior occurs under section 7 of the Endangered Species Act, the... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Threatened and endangered species. 230... Impacts on Biological Characteristics of the Aquatic Ecosystem § 230.30 Threatened and endangered species...

3 CFR - The Endangered Species Act

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 3 The President 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false The Endangered Species Act Presidential Documents Other Presidential Documents Memorandum of March 3, 2009 The Endangered Species Act Memorandum for the Heads of Executive Departments and Agencies The Endangered Species Act (ESA), 16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq...

76 FR 71069 - Endangered Species; Receipt of Applications for Permit

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-16

.... With some exceptions, the Endangered Species Act (ESA) prohibits activities with listed species unless...) of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.), requires that we invite...] Endangered Species; Receipt of Applications for Permit AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, Interior. ACTION...

50 CFR 222.204 - Administration of certificates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Certificates of Exemption for Pre-Act Endangered Species Parts § 222.204 Administration of certificates. (a... warehouse facility used by the certificate holder solely for storage of pre-Act endangered species parts, if... documents and any endangered species parts. (f) The records pertaining to pre-Act endangered species parts...

76 FR 60862 - Endangered Species; Receipt of Applications for Permit

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-30

.... With some exceptions, the Endangered Species Act (ESA) prohibits activities with listed species unless...) of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.), require that we invite...] Endangered Species; Receipt of Applications for Permit AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, Interior. ACTION...

50 CFR 222.204 - Administration of certificates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Certificates of Exemption for Pre-Act Endangered Species Parts § 222.204 Administration of certificates. (a... warehouse facility used by the certificate holder solely for storage of pre-Act endangered species parts, if... documents and any endangered species parts. (f) The records pertaining to pre-Act endangered species parts...

76 FR 52965 - Endangered Species; Receipt of Applications for Permit

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-24

.... With some exceptions, the Endangered Species Act (ESA) prohibits activities with listed species unless...) of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.), requires that we invite...] Endangered Species; Receipt of Applications for Permit AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, Interior. ACTION...

76 FR 66954 - Endangered Species; Receipt of Applications for Permit

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-28

.... With some exceptions, the Endangered Species Act (ESA) prohibits activities with listed species unless...) of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.), requires that we invite...] Endangered Species; Receipt of Applications for Permit AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, Interior. ACTION...

50 CFR 222.204 - Administration of certificates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... Certificates of Exemption for Pre-Act Endangered Species Parts § 222.204 Administration of certificates. (a... warehouse facility used by the certificate holder solely for storage of pre-Act endangered species parts, if... documents and any endangered species parts. (f) The records pertaining to pre-Act endangered species parts...

76 FR 27660 - Endangered Species; Receipt of Applications for Permit

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-12

.... With some exceptions, the Endangered Species Act (ESA) prohibits activities with listed species unless... responsibilities for affected species, the Endangered Species Act of 1973, section 10(a)(1)(A), as amended (16 U.S...] Endangered Species; Receipt of Applications for Permit AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, Interior. ACTION...

76 FR 14650 - Endangered Species; Permit No. 13330-01

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-17

... INFORMATION: The subject permit is requested under the authority of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as... of endangered and threatened species (50 CFR 222-226). The primary objective of the proposed research... abundance of the endangered smalltooth sawfish to facilitate recovery of the species. Sampling with the goal...

76 FR 10623 - Endangered Species; Marine Mammals; Receipt of Applications for Permit

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-02-25

... endangered species, marine mammals, or both. With some exceptions, the Endangered Species Act (ESA) and Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA) prohibit activities with listed species unless a Federal permit is...] Endangered Species; Marine Mammals; Receipt of Applications for Permit AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service...

75 FR 69701 - Endangered Species; Receipt of Applications for Permit

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-15

... endangered species. With some exceptions, the Endangered Species Act (ESA) prohibits activities with listed species unless a Federal permit is issued that allows such activities. The ESA laws require that we invite...] Endangered Species; Receipt of Applications for Permit AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, Interior. ACTION...

78 FR 50395 - Endangered Species; File Nos. 17557 and 17273

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-19

... marine mammal and endangered species parts had been submitted by the above-named organizations. The requested permits have been issued under the authority of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended... (File No. 17273), have been issued permits to take marine mammal and endangered species parts for...

50 CFR 222.204 - Administration of certificates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Certificates of Exemption for Pre-Act Endangered Species Parts § 222.204 Administration of certificates. (a... warehouse facility used by the certificate holder solely for storage of pre-Act endangered species parts, if... documents and any endangered species parts. (f) The records pertaining to pre-Act endangered species parts...

50 CFR 222.204 - Administration of certificates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... Certificates of Exemption for Pre-Act Endangered Species Parts § 222.204 Administration of certificates. (a... warehouse facility used by the certificate holder solely for storage of pre-Act endangered species parts, if... documents and any endangered species parts. (f) The records pertaining to pre-Act endangered species parts...

75 FR 57977 - Endangered Species; Marine Mammals; Receipt of Applications for Permit

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-23

... of the permit to take and harassment polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in the wild in Alaska and in...] Endangered Species; Marine Mammals; Receipt of Applications for Permit AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service... endangered species, marine mammals, or both. With some exceptions, the Endangered Species Act (ESA) and...

76 FR 35464 - Endangered Species; Marine Mammals; Receipt of Applications for Permit

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-17

... increase the number of teeth to import annually from polar bears (Ursus maritimus) which were taken by...] Endangered Species; Marine Mammals; Receipt of Applications for Permit AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service... endangered species, marine mammals, or both. With some exceptions, the Endangered Species Act (ESA) and...

77 FR 44264 - Endangered Species; Marine Mammals; Receipt of Applications for Permit

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-27

... felina), all sea otters (Enhydra lutris), walrus (Odobenus rosmarus), polar bear (Ursus [[Page 44266...-FF09A30000] Endangered Species; Marine Mammals; Receipt of Applications for Permit AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife... with endangered species, marine mammals, or both. With some exceptions, the Endangered Species Act (ESA...

77 FR 22604 - Endangered Species; Marine Mammals; Receipt of Applications for Permit

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-16

... applicant requests a permit to acquire biological samples from polar bears (Ursus maritimus) and Florida...-FF09A30000] Endangered Species; Marine Mammals; Receipt of Applications for Permit AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife... with endangered species, marine mammals, or both. With some exceptions, the Endangered Species Act (ESA...

77 FR 25668 - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Proposed Endangered Status for the Chupadera...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-01

...-0042; MO 92210-0-0009] RIN 1018-AV86 Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Proposed Endangered Status for the Chupadera Springsnail (Pyrgulopsis chupaderae) and Proposed Designation of Critical Habitat AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, Interior. ACTION: Proposed rule; reopening of comment period...

76 FR 77780 - Endangered Species; File No. 10022

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-14

... been granted under the authority of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (ESA; 16 U.S.C. 1531... endangered or threatened species, and (3) is consistent with the purposes and policies set forth in section 2... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RIN 0648-XA867 Endangered...

Before It's Too Late: Teaching about Endangered Animals.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Soltow, Willow

1984-01-01

Describes a teaching unit on endangered species that helps students understand factors that cause species to become endangered, identify how personal attitudes and values impact solutions to the problem, and explore some alternatives for positive action. A list of ways to improve the situation for endangered species is provided. (BC)

76 FR 22677 - Endangered Species; File No. 14949

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-22

... requested permit has been issued under the authority of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (ESA... exporting of endangered and threatened species (50 CFR parts 222-226). Dr. Diez was issued a 5-year permit... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RIN 0648-XA382 Endangered...

78 FR 13642 - Endangered Species; File No. 17506

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-28

... Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (ESA; 16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) and the regulations governing the taking, importing, and exporting of endangered and threatened species (50 CFR parts 222-226). The... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RIN 0648-XC518 Endangered...

77 FR 40588 - Endangered Species; File No. 16598

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-10

... has been issued under the authority of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (ESA; 16 U.S.C... such endangered or threatened species, and (3) is consistent with the purposes and policies set forth... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RIN 0648-XB054 Endangered...

75 FR 21601 - Endangered Species; File No. 14604

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-26

... authority of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (ESA; 16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) and the regulations governing the taking, importing, and exporting of endangered and threatened species (50 CFR parts... not operate to the disadvantage of such endangered or threatened species, and (3) is consistent with...

78 FR 31519 - Endangered Species; File No. 13543

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-24

... organization. The requested modification has been granted under the authority of the Endangered Species Act of... exporting of endangered and threatened species (50 CFR 222-226). Permit No. 13543 authorizes the permit... disadvantage of such endangered or threatened species, and (3) is consistent with the purposes and policies set...

78 FR 26323 - Endangered Species; File No. 17183

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-06

... has been issued under the authority of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (ESA; 16 U.S.C... not operate to the disadvantage of such endangered or threatened species, and (3) is consistent with... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RIN 0648-XC078 Endangered...

76 FR 18725 - Endangered Species; File No. 16174

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-05

... the authority of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (ESA; 16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) and the regulations governing the taking, importing, and exporting of endangered and threatened species (50 CFR 222... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RIN 0648-XA348 Endangered...

76 FR 32144 - Endangered Species; File No. 15677

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-03

... authority of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (ESA; 16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) and the regulations governing the taking, importing, and exporting of endangered and threatened species (50 CFR parts..., (2) will not operate to the disadvantage of such endangered or threatened species, and (3) is...

77 FR 15997 - Endangered Species; File No. 15672

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-19

...-named individual. The requested permit has been issued under the authority of the Endangered Species Act..., and exporting of endangered and threatened species (50 CFR parts 222-226). The five year permit... endangered or threatened species, and (3) is consistent with the purposes and policies set forth in section 2...

75 FR 9868 - Endangered Species; File No. 14622

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-04

... authority of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (ESA; 16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) and the regulations governing the taking, importing, and exporting of endangered and threatened species (50 CFR 222... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RIN 0648-XU82 Endangered...

76 FR 45781 - Endangered Species; File No. 15552

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-01

... Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (ESA; 16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) and the regulations governing the taking, importing, and exporting of endangered and threatened species (50 CFR parts 222-226). The five... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RIN 0648-XA601 Endangered...

76 FR 77781 - Endangered Species; File No. 15802

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-14

.... SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The subject permit is requested under the authority of the Endangered Species Act of... exporting of endangered and threatened species (50 CFR 222-226). On July 28, 2011 (76 FR 45230), notice was... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RIN 0648-XA603 Endangered...

77 FR 57559 - Endangered Species; File No. 13330

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-18

... been granted under the authority of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (ESA; 16 U.S.C. 1531... endangered or threatened species, and (3) is consistent with the purposes and policies set forth in section 2... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RIN 0648-XB144 Endangered...

75 FR 61133 - Endangered Species; File No. 14176

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-04

.... The requested permit has been issued under the authority of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as... of endangered and threatened species (50 CFR parts 222-226). The applicant is authorized to conduct a... such endangered or threatened species; and (3) is consistent with the purposes and policies set forth...

77 FR 55194 - Endangered Species; File No. 17095

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-07

.... The requested permit has been issued under the authority of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as... of endangered and threatened species (50 CFR parts 222-226). The Permit Holder is issued a five-year... operate to the disadvantage of such endangered or threatened species, and (3) is consistent with the...

Quantitative Adverse Outcome Pathways and their Utility to Ecological Risk Assessments of Endangered Species

EPA Science Inventory

Ecological risk assessments of endangered species are often hampered by a lack of knowledge about the sensitivity of endangered species to chemicals of concern. However, traditional in vivo toxicity testing of endangered species is often not possible for practical and ethical rea...

77 FR 27718 - Endangered Species; File No. 15566

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-11

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RIN 0648-XA873 Endangered... modification has been granted under the authority of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (ESA; 16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.), and the regulations governing the taking, importing, and exporting of endangered...

78 FR 14110 - Emergency Issuance of Endangered Species Permit

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-04

... issued an endangered species permit to address emergency veterinary care for an injured green sea turtle...] Emergency Issuance of Endangered Species Permit AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, Interior. ACTION: Notice... notice in an emergency situation where the life or health of an endangered animal is threatened and no...

50 CFR 222.103 - Federal/state cooperation in the conservation of endangered and threatened species.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... conservation of endangered and threatened species. 222.103 Section 222.103 Wildlife and Fisheries NATIONAL... MAMMALS GENERAL ENDANGERED AND THREATENED MARINE SPECIES Introduction and General Provisions § 222.103 Federal/state cooperation in the conservation of endangered and threatened species. (a) Application for...

50 CFR 222.103 - Federal/state cooperation in the conservation of endangered and threatened species.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... conservation of endangered and threatened species. 222.103 Section 222.103 Wildlife and Fisheries NATIONAL... MAMMALS GENERAL ENDANGERED AND THREATENED MARINE SPECIES Introduction and General Provisions § 222.103 Federal/state cooperation in the conservation of endangered and threatened species. (a) Application for...

50 CFR 222.103 - Federal/state cooperation in the conservation of endangered and threatened species.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... conservation of endangered and threatened species. 222.103 Section 222.103 Wildlife and Fisheries NATIONAL... MAMMALS GENERAL ENDANGERED AND THREATENED MARINE SPECIES Introduction and General Provisions § 222.103 Federal/state cooperation in the conservation of endangered and threatened species. (a) Application for...

50 CFR 222.103 - Federal/state cooperation in the conservation of endangered and threatened species.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... conservation of endangered and threatened species. 222.103 Section 222.103 Wildlife and Fisheries NATIONAL... MAMMALS GENERAL ENDANGERED AND THREATENED MARINE SPECIES Introduction and General Provisions § 222.103 Federal/state cooperation in the conservation of endangered and threatened species. (a) Application for...

50 CFR 17.12 - Endangered and threatened plants.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... WILDLIFE AND PLANTS (CONTINUED) ENDANGERED AND THREATENED WILDLIFE AND PLANTS Lists § 17.12 Endangered and threatened plants. (h) * * * Species Scientific name Common name Historic range Family Status When listed... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Endangered and threatened plants. 17.12...

75 FR 53598 - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Threatened Status for Shovelnose Sturgeon Under...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-01

...) under the similarity of appearance provisions of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended. The... sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus) as endangered under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (Act... Species Act AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, Interior. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: We, the U.S. Fish...

The Endangered Species Act: The Law of Last Resort.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Clearing, 1991

1991-01-01

Discussed is the possibility that the salmon found in the Columbia River (Idaho) is an endangered species. A list of threatened or endangered animal species in the Pacific Northwest is included. Activities that deal with the topics of diversity, endangered species, and what is being done about them are provided. (KR)

40 CFR 257.3-2 - Endangered species.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 26 2012-07-01 2011-07-01 true Endangered species. 257.3-2 Section 257... and Practices § 257.3-2 Endangered species. (a) Facilities or practices shall not cause or contribute to the taking of any endangered or threatened species of plants, fish, or wildlife. (b) The facility...

50 CFR 21.49 - Control order for resident Canada geese at airports and military airfields.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... under the Endangered Species Act to the Service. Further, to protect certain species from being... used by the following species listed under the Endangered Species Act must be done in coordination with... birds or species designated as endangered or threatened under the authority of the Endangered Species...

50 CFR 21.49 - Control order for resident Canada geese at airports and military airfields.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... under the Endangered Species Act to the Service. Further, to protect certain species from being... used by the following species listed under the Endangered Species Act must be done in coordination with... birds or species designated as endangered or threatened under the authority of the Endangered Species...

50 CFR 21.49 - Control order for resident Canada geese at airports and military airfields.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... under the Endangered Species Act to the Service. Further, to protect certain species from being... used by the following species listed under the Endangered Species Act must be done in coordination with... birds or species designated as endangered or threatened under the authority of the Endangered Species...

78 FR 48711 - Endangered Species; Marine Mammals; Receipt of Applications for Permit

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-09

... requests a permit to photograph polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in the vicinity of Kaktovik, Alaska, from...-FF09A30000] Endangered Species; Marine Mammals; Receipt of Applications for Permit AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife... with endangered species, marine mammals, or both. With some exceptions, the Endangered Species Act (ESA...

77 FR 74202 - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Recovery Permit Application

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-13

... biological samples, breed in captivity, reintroduce, relocate, remove from the wild, kill, and, for plant...-FF06E00000] Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Recovery Permit Application AGENCY: Fish and... endangered wildlife species, 50 CFR 17.32 for threatened wildlife species, 50 CFR 17.62 for endangered plant...

78 FR 15706 - Endangered Species; File No. 17316

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-12

... Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (ESA; 16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) and the regulations governing the taking, importing, and exporting of endangered and threatened species (50 CFR parts 222-226). The permit... endangered or threatened species, and (3) is consistent with the purposes and policies set forth in section 2...

30 CFR 585.801 - How must I conduct my approved activities to protect marine mammals, threatened and endangered...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... protect marine mammals, threatened and endangered species, and designated critical habitat? 585.801... endangered species, and designated critical habitat? (a) You must not conduct any activity under your lease or grant that may affect threatened or endangered species or that may affect designated critical...

75 FR 78227 - Endangered Species; File No. 14400

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-15

... permit has been issued under the authority of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (ESA; 16 U.S... black abalone, a species listed as endangered on February 13, 2009. The objective of this monitoring is...) will not operate to the disadvantage of such endangered or threatened species, and (3) is consistent...

77 FR 10724 - Endangered Species; File No. 16253

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-23

... Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (ESA; 16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) and the regulations governing the taking, importing, and exporting of endangered and threatened species (50 CFR parts 222-226). The SEFSC... disadvantage of such endangered or threatened species, and (3) is consistent with the purposes and policies set...

75 FR 53278 - Endangered Species; File No. 14759

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-31

... authority of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (ESA; 16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) and the regulations governing the taking, importing, and exporting of endangered and threatened species (50 CFR parts...) was applied for in good faith; (2) will not operate to the disadvantage of such endangered species...

30 CFR 585.801 - How must I conduct my approved activities to protect marine mammals, threatened and endangered...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... protect marine mammals, threatened and endangered species, and designated critical habitat? 585.801... endangered species, and designated critical habitat? (a) You must not conduct any activity under your lease or grant that may affect threatened or endangered species or that may affect designated critical...

78 FR 38952 - Endangered Species; File No. 17506

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-28

... requested permit has been issued under the authority of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (ESA... endangered and threatened species (50 CFR parts 222-226). Ms. Holloway-Adkins has been issued a 5-year... not operate to the disadvantage of such endangered or threatened species, and (3) is consistent with...

30 CFR 285.801 - How must I conduct my approved activities to protect marine mammals, threatened and endangered...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... protect marine mammals, threatened and endangered species, and designated critical habitat? 285.801... endangered species, and designated critical habitat? (a) You must not conduct any activity under your lease or grant that may affect threatened or endangered species or that may affect designated critical...

75 FR 26715 - Endangered Species; File No. 10022

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-12

... Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (ESA; 16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) and the regulations governing the taking, importing, and exporting of endangered and threatened species (50 CFR parts 222-226). Permit No... for in good faith, (2) will not operate to the disadvantage of such endangered or threatened species...

30 CFR 585.801 - How must I conduct my approved activities to protect marine mammals, threatened and endangered...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... protect marine mammals, threatened and endangered species, and designated critical habitat? 585.801... endangered species, and designated critical habitat? (a) You must not conduct any activity under your lease or grant that may affect threatened or endangered species or that may affect designated critical...

76 FR 22877 - Endangered Species; File No. 15566

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-25

... Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (ESA; 16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) and the regulations governing the taking, importing, and exporting of endangered and threatened species (50 CFR parts 222-226). The five... not operate to the disadvantage of such endangered or threatened species, and (3) is consistent with...

30 CFR 285.801 - How must I conduct my approved activities to protect marine mammals, threatened and endangered...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... protect marine mammals, threatened and endangered species, and designated critical habitat? 285.801... mammals, threatened and endangered species, and designated critical habitat? (a) You must not conduct any activity under your lease or grant that may affect threatened or endangered species or that may affect...

75 FR 56131 - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Draft Revised Recovery Plan for the Northern...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-15

...] Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Draft Revised Recovery Plan for the Northern Spotted Owl... endangered or threatened animals and plants is a primary goal of our endangered species program and the... relevant biology, including new scientific information that has become available and critical peer-review...

75 FR 51969 - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; 90-Day Finding on a Petition to List the Oklahoma...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-24

... List the Oklahoma Grass Pink Orchid as Endangered or Threatened AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service... (Oklahoma grass pink orchid) as endangered or threatened under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as... information, we request information on Calopogon oklahomensis (Oklahoma grass pink orchid) from governmental...

76 FR 80960 - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Recovery Permit Applications

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-27

...-FF06E00000] Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Recovery Permit Applications AGENCY: Fish and... endangered wildlife species, 50 CFR 17.32 for threatened wildlife species, 50 CFR 17.62 for endangered plant species, and 50 CFR 17.72 for threatened plant species. Applications Available for Review and Comment We...

50 CFR 453.04 - Committee information gathering.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS ENDANGERED SPECIES EXEMPTION PROCESS ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE § 453.04 Committee information gathering. (a) Written submissions...

50 CFR 453.04 - Committee information gathering.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS ENDANGERED SPECIES EXEMPTION PROCESS ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE § 453.04 Committee information gathering. (a) Written submissions...

50 CFR 453.04 - Committee information gathering.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS ENDANGERED SPECIES EXEMPTION PROCESS ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE § 453.04 Committee information gathering. (a) Written submissions...

50 CFR 453.02 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... OF COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS ENDANGERED SPECIES EXEMPTION PROCESS ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE § 453.02 Definitions. Definitions applicable to this part are contained in 50...

50 CFR 453.04 - Committee information gathering.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS ENDANGERED SPECIES EXEMPTION PROCESS ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE § 453.04 Committee information gathering. (a) Written submissions...

50 CFR 453.04 - Committee information gathering.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS ENDANGERED SPECIES EXEMPTION PROCESS ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE § 453.04 Committee information gathering. (a) Written submissions...

50 CFR 453.02 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... OF COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS ENDANGERED SPECIES EXEMPTION PROCESS ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE § 453.02 Definitions. Definitions applicable to this part are contained in 50...

50 CFR 453.02 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... OF COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS ENDANGERED SPECIES EXEMPTION PROCESS ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE § 453.02 Definitions. Definitions applicable to this part are contained in 50...

50 CFR 453.02 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... OF COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS ENDANGERED SPECIES EXEMPTION PROCESS ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE § 453.02 Definitions. Definitions applicable to this part are contained in 50...

50 CFR 453.02 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... OF COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS ENDANGERED SPECIES EXEMPTION PROCESS ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE § 453.02 Definitions. Definitions applicable to this part are contained in 50...

50 CFR 453.06 - Additional Committee powers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS ENDANGERED SPECIES EXEMPTION PROCESS ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE § 453.06 Additional Committee powers. (a) Secure information. Subject...

50 CFR 453.06 - Additional Committee powers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS ENDANGERED SPECIES EXEMPTION PROCESS ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE § 453.06 Additional Committee powers. (a) Secure information. Subject...

50 CFR 453.06 - Additional Committee powers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS ENDANGERED SPECIES EXEMPTION PROCESS ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE § 453.06 Additional Committee powers. (a) Secure information. Subject...

50 CFR 453.06 - Additional Committee powers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS ENDANGERED SPECIES EXEMPTION PROCESS ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE § 453.06 Additional Committee powers. (a) Secure information. Subject...

50 CFR 453.06 - Additional Committee powers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS ENDANGERED SPECIES EXEMPTION PROCESS ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE § 453.06 Additional Committee powers. (a) Secure information. Subject...

50 CFR 22.28 - Permits for bald eagle take exempted under the Endangered Species Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... the Endangered Species Act. 22.28 Section 22.28 Wildlife and Fisheries UNITED STATES FISH AND WILDLIFE... for bald eagle take exempted under the Endangered Species Act. (a) Purpose and scope. This permit... section 7 incidental take statement under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (ESA) (16 U.S.C...

78 FR 57835 - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Notice of 6-Month Extension of the Final...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-20

...-Month Extension of the Final Rulemaking To List 66 Species of Coral as Threatened or Endangered Under the Endangered Species Act and Reclassify Acropora cervicornis and Acropora palmata From Threatened to... Caribbean) and to re- classify two species already listed under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) from...

7 CFR Exhibit D to Subpart G of... - Implementation Procedures for the Endangered Species Act

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... for the Endangered Species Act 1. FmHA or its successor agency under Public Law 103-354 shall implement the consultation procedures required under Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act as specified in... State Director that a request for an exemption from section 7 of the Endangered Species Act is not...

50 CFR 22.28 - Permits for bald eagle take exempted under the Endangered Species Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... the Endangered Species Act. 22.28 Section 22.28 Wildlife and Fisheries UNITED STATES FISH AND WILDLIFE... for bald eagle take exempted under the Endangered Species Act. (a) Purpose and scope. This permit... section 7 incidental take statement under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (ESA) (16 U.S.C...

50 CFR 22.28 - Permits for bald eagle take exempted under the Endangered Species Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... the Endangered Species Act. 22.28 Section 22.28 Wildlife and Fisheries UNITED STATES FISH AND WILDLIFE... for bald eagle take exempted under the Endangered Species Act. (a) Purpose and scope. This permit... section 7 incidental take statement under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (ESA) (16 U.S.C...

7 CFR Exhibit D to Subpart G of... - Implementation Procedures for the Endangered Species Act

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... for the Endangered Species Act 1. FmHA or its successor agency under Public Law 103-354 shall implement the consultation procedures required under Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act as specified in... State Director that a request for an exemption from section 7 of the Endangered Species Act is not...

7 CFR Exhibit D to Subpart G of... - Implementation Procedures for the Endangered Species Act

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... for the Endangered Species Act 1. FmHA or its successor agency under Public Law 103-354 shall implement the consultation procedures required under Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act as specified in... State Director that a request for an exemption from section 7 of the Endangered Species Act is not...

50 CFR 22.28 - Permits for bald eagle take exempted under the Endangered Species Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... the Endangered Species Act. 22.28 Section 22.28 Wildlife and Fisheries UNITED STATES FISH AND WILDLIFE... for bald eagle take exempted under the Endangered Species Act. (a) Purpose and scope. This permit... section 7 incidental take statement under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (ESA) (16 U.S.C...

7 CFR Exhibit D to Subpart G of... - Implementation Procedures for the Endangered Species Act

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... for the Endangered Species Act 1. FmHA or its successor agency under Public Law 103-354 shall implement the consultation procedures required under Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act as specified in... State Director that a request for an exemption from section 7 of the Endangered Species Act is not...

Scientific Encounters of the Endangered Kind. Reading Activities That Explore Nature's Endangered Species. Grades 4-7.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Embry, Lynn

Many forms of wildlife are being threatened by changing ecological conditions, pollution, pesticides, human carelessness, and conditions. Efforts are being made to preserve endangered wildlife species. This document provides a partial listing of endangered and threatened species of mammals, birds, and reptiles in North America and its nearby…

50 CFR 22.28 - Permits for bald eagle take exempted under the Endangered Species Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... the Endangered Species Act. 22.28 Section 22.28 Wildlife and Fisheries UNITED STATES FISH AND WILDLIFE... for bald eagle take exempted under the Endangered Species Act. (a) Purpose and scope. This permit... section 7 incidental take statement under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (ESA) (16 U.S.C...

7 CFR Exhibit D to Subpart G of... - Implementation Procedures for the Endangered Species Act

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... for the Endangered Species Act 1. FmHA or its successor agency under Public Law 103-354 shall implement the consultation procedures required under Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act as specified in... State Director that a request for an exemption from section 7 of the Endangered Species Act is not...

76 FR 62375 - Endangered and Threatened Species; 90-Day Finding on Petitions To Delist Coho Salmon Under the...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-07

... Salmon Under the Endangered Species Act AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National... kisutch) under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). We find that the petitions do not present substantial... California Endangered Species Act, which we have no authority to do, and removing the proposed Federal ESA...

77 FR 15352 - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Expanding Incentives for Voluntary Conservation...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-15

...; Expanding Incentives for Voluntary Conservation Actions Under the Endangered Species Act AGENCY: Fish and... Endangered Species Act. By this notice, we are inviting public comment to help us identify potential changes... notice is published under the authority of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531...

78 FR 12702 - Endangered and Threatened Species; Proposed Rule To List 66 Reef-Building Coral Species; Proposed...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-25

... Endangered Species Act (ESA); Extension of Public Comment Period and Notice of Public Hearing AGENCY... RIN 0648-XT12 Endangered and Threatened Species; Proposed Rule To List 66 Reef- Building Coral Species... species as threatened or endangered under the ESA. We concluded that 12 of the petitioned coral species...

75 FR 42684 - Endangered and Threatened Species; Initiation of a 5-year Review of the Baiji/Chinese River...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-22

... vexillifer) under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (ESA). A 5-year review is a periodic process...: Angela Somma, National Marine Fisheries Service, Office of Protected Resources, Endangered Species... endangered and threatened wildlife and plant species (list) must be maintained. The list is published at 50...

42 CFR 441.203 - Life of the mother would be endangered.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 42 Public Health 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Life of the mother would be endangered. 441.203... SERVICES Abortions § 441.203 Life of the mother would be endangered. FFP is available in expenditures for... basis of his professional judgment, the life of the mother would be endangered if the fetus were carried...

42 CFR 50.304 - Life of the mother would be endangered.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Life of the mother would be endangered. 50.304... the Public Health Service § 50.304 Life of the mother would be endangered. Federal financial... mother would be endangered if the fetus were carried to term. The certification must contain the name and...

42 CFR 441.203 - Life of the mother would be endangered.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Life of the mother would be endangered. 441.203... SERVICES Abortions § 441.203 Life of the mother would be endangered. FFP is available in expenditures for... basis of his professional judgment, the life of the mother would be endangered if the fetus were carried...

Endangered Peoples of Southeast & East Asia: Struggles To Survive and Thrive. Endangered Peoples of the World Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sponsel, Leslie E., Ed.

This volume introduces 14 endangered cultures from Southeast and East Asia and describes the most pressing issues facing these marginalized groups, such as the impact of tourism, prohibition against whaling, or dislocation due to nuclear testing. The chapters are: (1) "Identities, Ecologies, Rights, and Features: All Endangered" (Leslie…

75 FR 15454 - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; 5-Year Status Reviews of 14 Southwestern Species

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-29

...] Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; 5-Year Status Reviews of 14 Southwestern Species AGENCY: Fish... that our classification of each species on the Lists of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants... Wildlife and Plants (50 CFR 17.12), or reclassified from endangered to threatened (downlisted), or from...

78 FR 17709 - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Recovery Plan for Rogue and Illinois Valley Vernal...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-22

...-FF01E00000] Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Recovery Plan for Rogue and Illinois Valley Vernal... addresses two endangered plant species that are endemic to southern Oregon, and also includes some... Federal List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants. ADDRESSES: An electronic copy of the...

Environmental Assessment Stockbridge Research Facility

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-07-01

Endangered Species habitat . Previous archeological investigations and an ongoing separate Cultural Resources Update at SRF by Commonwealth Cultural...resulting in no adverse effects on Water Resources and Biological Resources, due to impacts to wetlands and Threatened and Endangered Species habitat ...endangered species and critical habitat areas (See attachment 4). According to the USDOI-FWS, three federally listed or proposed endangered or

78 FR 24471 - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Endangered Status for the Sierra Nevada Yellow...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-25

...We, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, propose to list the Sierra Nevada yellow-legged frog and the northern distinct population segment (DPS) (populations that occur north of the Tehachapi Mountains) of the mountain yellow-legged frog as endangered species, and the Yosemite toad as a threatened species under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (Act). The effect of this regulation would be to add the species to the List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife under the Act.

78 FR 7907 - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Removing the Island Night Lizard From the Federal...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-04

...We, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service), propose to remove the island night lizard (Xantusia riversiana) from the Federal List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife. This action is based on a review of the best available scientific and commercial information, which indicates that the species no longer meets the definition of endangered species or threatened species under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (Act). This proposed rule, if made final, would remove the island night lizard as a threatened species from the List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife. This document also constitutes our 12-month finding on a petition to remove the island night lizard from the Federal List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife.

Severe mutilation of a Critically Endangered Taiwanese humpback dolphin Sousa chinensis taiwanensis by fishing gear.

PubMed

Wang, John Y; Araújo-Wang, Claryana

2017-03-21

Direct observations of the causes of injuries to cetaceans are rare events. For very small and declining populations, such events may be even less likely to be observed because of the few individuals that remain. A long-term monitoring program using photographic identification of individuals resulted in the documentation of an individual Taiwanese humpback dolphin Sousa chinensis taiwanensis that survived a harmful interaction with fishing gear. An adult female that was accompanied by a young calf sustained massive damage to several tissue types on her dorsal surface. From the injuries, it is clear that the animal had suffered intense trauma that likely caused pain for several months as the fishing gear sliced through its dorsal hump and fin. Given the incredible mutilation, the animal is likely compromised at some level and probably continues to experience ongoing pain. This case, along with observations of other individuals in this population bearing serious injuries or being entangled in fishing gear, is direct evidence that the impacts of local fisheries on this subspecies are almost certainly unsustainable.

50 CFR 453.05 - Committee meetings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... OF COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS ENDANGERED SPECIES EXEMPTION PROCESS ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE § 453.05 Committee meetings. (a) The committee shall meet at the call of the...

50 CFR 453.05 - Committee meetings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... OF COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS ENDANGERED SPECIES EXEMPTION PROCESS ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE § 453.05 Committee meetings. (a) The committee shall meet at the call of the...

50 CFR 453.05 - Committee meetings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... OF COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS ENDANGERED SPECIES EXEMPTION PROCESS ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE § 453.05 Committee meetings. (a) The committee shall meet at the call of the...

50 CFR 453.05 - Committee meetings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... OF COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS ENDANGERED SPECIES EXEMPTION PROCESS ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE § 453.05 Committee meetings. (a) The committee shall meet at the call of the...

50 CFR 453.05 - Committee meetings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... OF COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS ENDANGERED SPECIES EXEMPTION PROCESS ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE § 453.05 Committee meetings. (a) The committee shall meet at the call of the...

50 CFR 452.01 - Purpose and scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... OF COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS ENDANGERED SPECIES EXEMPTION PROCESS... Endangered Species Act. ... Wildlife and Fisheries JOINT REGULATIONS (UNITED STATES FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE...

77 FR 33100 - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Technical Correction for African Wild Ass

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-05

... Federal Actions The Endangered Species Preservation Act was passed in 1966 (the 1966 Act) and was limited... wild ass) under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (Act). We are revising the List of... Endangered Species Act of 1973 (Act), as amended. We are revising the entry for ``Ass, African wild'' under...

77 FR 36569 - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Thick-Billed Parrot Draft Recovery Plan Addendum

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-19

... Addendum for the Thick-billed Parrot under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (Act). We have... ecosystems is a primary goal of our endangered species program and the Act (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.). Recovery... Species Conservation Act (ESCA), the precursor of the Endangered Species Act. Based on the different...

75 FR 17377 - Endangered and Threatened Species; Initiation of 5-Year Review for Southern Resident Killer Whales

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-06

... review of Southern Resident killer whales (Orcinus orca) under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as... list of endangered and threatened wildlife and plant species at 50 CFR 17.11 (for animals) and 17.12... or not any species should be removed from the List (delisted), or reclassified from endangered to...

76 FR 12292 - Listing Endangered and Threatened Species: Correction To Codify in the Code of Federal...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-07

... section 4(d) of the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (ESA) apply to the Upper Columbia River steelhead.... 101207606-1138-02] RIN 0648-XA082 Listing Endangered and Threatened Species: Correction To Codify in the... as an endangered species (62 FR 43937; August 18, 1997). In January 2006, we conducted a status...

76 FR 32911 - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; 12-Month Finding on a Petition To List the Striped...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-07

... Endangered Wildlife and Plants that contains substantial scientific or commercial information that listing a...-0007; MO 92210-0-0008 B2] Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; 12-Month Finding on a Petition... Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (Act). After review of all available scientific and commercial...

Modeling for Endangered-Species Recovery: Gray Wolves in the Western Great Lakes Region

Treesearch

Jean Fitts Cochrane; Robert G. Haight; Anthony M. Starfield

2003-01-01

The Federal Endangered Species Act is intended to conserve endangered and threatened species and their habitats and to improve the species' status so that they no longer need protection under the Act. In the process of planning the recovery of threatened or endangered species, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service increasingly uses demographic models to predict...

78 FR 54614 - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Removing the Gray Wolf (Canis lupus) From the List...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-05

...; Removing the Gray Wolf (Canis lupus) From the List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Maintaining Protections for the Mexican Wolf (Canis lupus baileyi) by Listing It as Endangered AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife... endangered status for the Mexican wolf by listing it as a subspecies (Canis lupus baileyi), and we announced...

76 FR 44564 - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; 5-Year Status Reviews of Seven Listed Species

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-26

...-1113-0000-C4] Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; 5-Year Status Reviews of Seven Listed... Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (Act), of seven animal and plant species. We conduct these reviews... and Plants as threatened or endangered is accurate. A 5-year review assesses the best scientific and...

75 FR 17153 - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; 5-Year Status Review of Roseate Tern

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-05

...] Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; 5-Year Status Review of Roseate Tern AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife... threatened or endangered on the Lists of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants is accurate. The prior... and threatened wildlife and plant species in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) at 50 CFR 17.11...

75 FR 1744 - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Partial 90-Day Finding on a Petition to List 475...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-01-13

... Petition to List 475 Species in the Southwestern United States as Threatened or Endangered With Critical...-day finding on 192 species from a petition to list 475 species in the Southwest region of the United States as threatened or endangered under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (Act). In that...

Endangered Species Protection Bulletins

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Endangered Species Protection Bulletins set forth geographically specific pesticide use limitations for the protection of threatened and endangered (listed) species and their designated critical habitat. Find out how to get and use Bulletins.

76 FR 54711 - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Bald Eagles Nesting in Sonoran Desert Area of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-02

... protections under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (Act), for the bald eagles nesting in the... species under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (Act) (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) in 43 of the... an endangered species, and that we concurrently designate critical habitat for the DPS under the Act...

76 FR 36491 - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Eskimo Curlew; Initiation of 5-Year Status Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-22

... endangered under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (Act). We conduct 5-year reviews to ensure... finding on whether this species is properly classified under the Act. DATES: To allow us adequate time to... Endangered Species Preservation Act of 1966 on March 11, 1967 (32 FR 4001). No information on the biology of...

77 FR 38762 - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; 5-Year Status Reviews of Seven Listed Species

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-29

...; FX3ES11130300000D2-123-FF03E00000] Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; 5-Year Status Reviews of Seven... reviews under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (Act), of seven animal and plant species. We... Threatened Wildlife and Plants as threatened or endangered is accurate. A 5-year review assesses the best...

Endangered Languages and Education. Proceedings of the Foundation for Endangered Languages (FEL) Conference (3rd, Maynooth, Ireland, September 17-19, 1999).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ostler, Nicholas, Ed.

The theme of the third annual Foundation for Endangered Languages (FEL) Conference was Endangered Languages and Education, focusing on how education can be used to promote, resist, and reverse the decline of a language. The conference papers are broken into several sections covering the topic from a variety of aspects and perspectives.…

Endangered Species

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

EPA's Endangered Species Protection Program helps promote recovery of listed species. The ESPP determines if pesticide use in a geographic area may affect any listed species. Find needed limits on pesticide use in Endangered Species Protection Bulletins.

Towards a Self-Consistent Simulation Capability of Catastrophic Solar Energetic Particle Events

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sokolov, I.; Gombosi, T. I.; Bindi, V.; Borovikov, D.; Kota, J.; Giacalone, J.

2016-12-01

Space weather refers to variations in the space environment that can affect technologies or endanger human life and health. Solar energetic particle (SEP) events can affect communications and airline safety. Satellites are affected by radiation damage to electronics and to components that produce power and provide images. Sun and star sensors are blinded during large SEP events. Protons of ≳30 MeV penetrate spacesuits and spacecraft walls. Events, like that of August 4, 1972, would have been fatal to moon-walking astronauts. Catastrophic events typically are characterized by hard particle energy spectra potentially containing large fluxes of hundreds of MeV-GeV type particles. These super-energetic particles can penetrate even into the "safest" areas of spacecraft and produce induced radioactivity. We describe several technologies which are to be combined into a physics-based, self consistent model to understand and forecast the origin and evolution of SEP events: The Alfvén Wave Solar-wind Model (AWSoM) simulates the chromosphere-to-Earth system using separate electron and ion temperatures and separate parallel and perpendicular temperatures. It solves the energy equations including thermal conduction and coronal heating by Alfvén wave turbulence. It uses adaptive mesh refinement (AMR), which allows us to cover a broad range of spacial scales. The Eruptive Event Generator using the Gibson-Low flux-rope model (EEGGL) allows the user to select an active region on the sun, select the polarity inversion line where the eruption is observed, and insert a Gibson-Low flux-rope to produce eruption. The Multiple-Field-Lines-Advection Model for Particle Acceleration (M-FLAMPA) solves the particle transport equation along a multitude of interplanetary magnetic field lines originating from the Sun, using time-dependent parameters for the shock and magnetic field obtained from the MHD simulation. It includes a self-consistent coupling of Alfvén wave turbulence to the SEPs. M-FLAMPA takes into account the full dependence of the distribution function on the pitch-angle, as well as particle scattering by Alfvén wave turbulence. The M-FLAMPA model will be validated and constrained at high energies (125 MeV to many GeV) using the new Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer onboard the ISS.

76 FR 63322 - Endangered and Threatened Species Permit Applications

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-12

...We, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, invite the public to comment on the following applications to conduct certain activities with endangered or threatened species. The Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (Act), prohibits activities with endangered and threatened species unless a Federal permit allows such activities. The Act and the National Environmental Policy Act also require that we invite public comment before issuing these permits.

78 FR 35201 - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Listing All Chimpanzees as Endangered

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-12

...We, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, propose to list all chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) as endangered under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (Act). We are taking this action in response to a petition to list the entire species, whether in the wild or in captivity, as endangered under the Act. This proposal constitutes our 12-month finding on the petition and announces our finding that listing all chimpanzees as endangered is warranted. This document also serves as our 5-year review of the species. If we finalize this rule as proposed, we would eliminate the separate classification of captive and wild chimpanzees under the Act and extend the Act's protections to captive chimpanzees in the United States. In addition, we propose to amend the special rule for primates to remove chimpanzees from the rule. If the listing of all chimpanzees as endangered is finalized, the provisions of the special rule can no longer be applied to captive chimpanzees. We seek comments from the public on this proposed rule.

Ecology of Hawaiian marine mammals emphasizing the impact of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) on endangered species

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Payne, S.F.; Hartwig, E.O.

1982-06-01

Twenty-two marine mammal species including 2 baleen whales, 20 toothed whales, and one pinniped occur in Hawaiian waters. Among these are two endangered species, the migratory humpback whale (Megaptera novaengliae) around the main islands, and the non-migratory Hawaiian monk seal (Monachus schauinslandi) in the extreme northwestern island chain. The endangered species are among those most commonly sighted, while spinner dolphins (Stenella spp.), bottle-nosed dolphins (Tursiops sp.), and false killer whales (Pseudorca crassidens) are sighted less frequently. Most Hawaiian cetacean species are Odontoceti, or toothed whales, and feed on fish and squid. The Mysteceti or baleen whales feed on plankton, howevermore » the endangered humpback whale, which migrates to Hawaii to breed and calve, presumably does not feed there. The endangered monk seal feeds on cephalopods and fish. The impact of OTEC on endangered and non-endangered marine mammals results from several direct and indirect effects and is discussed in the text. Careful siting of OTEC plants away from humpback breeding areas and monk seal breeding and feeding areas will avoid adverse effects on these populations.« less

Feeding habitat quality and behavioral trade-offs in chimpanzees: a case for species distribution models.

PubMed

Foerster, Steffen; Zhong, Ying; Pintea, Lilian; Murray, Carson M; Wilson, Michael L; Mjungu, Deus C; Pusey, Anne E

2016-01-01

The distribution and abundance of food resources are among the most important factors that influence animal behavioral strategies. Yet, spatial variation in feeding habitat quality is often difficult to assess with traditional methods that rely on extrapolation from plot survey data or remote sensing. Here, we show that maximum entropy species distribution modeling can be used to successfully predict small-scale variation in the distribution of 24 important plant food species for chimpanzees at Gombe National Park, Tanzania. We combined model predictions with behavioral observations to quantify feeding habitat quality as the cumulative dietary proportion of the species predicted to occur in a given location. This measure exhibited considerable spatial heterogeneity with elevation and latitude, both within and across main habitat types. We used model results to assess individual variation in habitat selection among adult chimpanzees during a 10-year period, testing predictions about trade-offs between foraging and reproductive effort. We found that nonswollen females selected the highest-quality habitats compared with swollen females or males, in line with predictions based on their energetic needs. Swollen females appeared to compromise feeding in favor of mating opportunities, suggesting that females rather than males change their ranging patterns in search of mates. Males generally occupied feeding habitats of lower quality, which may exacerbate energetic challenges of aggression and territory defense. Finally, we documented an increase in feeding habitat quality with community residence time in both sexes during the dry season, suggesting an influence of familiarity on foraging decisions in a highly heterogeneous landscape.

Effects of parasites and antigenic challenge on metabolic rates and thermoregulation in northern red-backed voles (Myodes rutilus).

PubMed

Novikov, Eugene; Kondratyuk, Ekaterina; Petrovski, Dmitry; Krivopalov, Anton; Moshkin, Mikhail

2015-12-01

Perturbations in host energetics are considered to be an essential pathway for parasite impact on host fitness. However, direct estimations of parasite-induced variations in basal metabolic rates of vertebrate hosts have so far provided contradictory results. The energy requirements of immunity and other vital functions may be compromised in energy-demanding conditions in comparison to comfortable conditions; therefore, in our study performed on the wild red-backed vole, Myodes rutilus, we compared the values of indices that reflect metabolic and thermoregulatory responses to acute cooling in individuals that had been naturally infected by gut helminths or Ixodes persulcatus taiga ticks to individuals with no signs of infestation. To consider the possible effects of an acquired immune response on host energetics, we also injected some of the tested individuals with sheep red blood cells (SRBC). Red-backed voles infected by the nematode Heligmosomum mixtum injected with SRBC showed significantly lower cold-induced maximum oxygen consumption than the saline control. Additionally, individuals infected with H. mixtum showed significantly lower oxygen consumption during the final minute of the 15-min acute cooling period and a significantly greater decline in body temperature than individuals free from helminths. In individuals concurrently infected by H. mixtum and the cestodes Arostrilepis horrida, these indices did not differ from helminth-free individuals. The number of ticks simultaneously parasitizing the voles at the moment of capture correlated positively with their SMR. Our results suggest that even natural parasites produce deleterious effects on host aerobic capacity and thermoregulatory abilities, although the effects of different parasites might not be additive.

About the Endangered Species Protection Program

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The goal of EPA's Endangered Species Protection Program is to carry out EPA’s FIFRA responsibilities in compliance with the Endangered Species Act, without placing unnecessary burden on agriculture and other pesticide users. Read an overview of the ESPP.

77 FR 15019 - Revision of Regulations Implementing the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-14

... Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES); Updates Following... Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) by incorporating...

76 FR 46361 - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Listing 23 Species on Oahu as Endangered and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-02

...We, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service), propose to list 23 species on the island of Oahu in the Hawaiian Islands as endangered under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (Act). We also propose to designate critical habitat for these 23 species, to designate critical habitat for 2 plant species that are already listed as endangered, and revise critical habitat for 99 plant species that are already listed as endangered or threatened. The proposed critical habitat designation totals 43,491 acres (ac) (17,603 hectares (ha)), and includes occupied and unoccupied habitat. Approximately 93percent of the area being proposed as critical habitat is already designated as critical habitat for the 99 plant species or other species. In this proposed rule we are also proposing a taxonomic revision of the scientific names of nine plant species.

77 FR 60509 - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; 12-Month Finding for the Lemmon Fleabane...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-03

...We, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service), announce a 12-month finding on a petition to list as an endangered or threatened species Erigeron lemmonii (Lemmon fleabane). After a review of the best available scientific information we find that listing the Lemmon fleabane as an endangered or threatened species is no longer warranted, and therefore we are removing this species from the candidate list. We propose to list Echinomastus erectocentrus var. acunensis (acu[ntilde]a cactus) and Pediocactus peeblesianus var. fickeiseniae (Fickeisen plains cactus) as an endangered species, and we propose to designate critical habitat for both cactus species under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (Act). If finalized, the effect of these regulations would be to add acu[ntilde]a cactus and Fickeisen plains cactus to the List of Endangered and Threatened Plants and to designate critical habitat for these species.

A survey of endangered waterbirds on Maui and Oahu and assessment of potential impacts to waterbirds from the proposed Hawaii Geothermal Project transmission corridor. Final report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Evans, K.; Woodside, D.; Bruegmann, M.

1994-08-01

A survey of endangered waterbirds on Maui and Oahu was conducted during August and September 1993 to identify potential waterbird habitats within the general area of the proposed Hawaii Geothermal Project transmission corridor and to assess the potential impacts to endangered waterbird of installing and operating a high voltage transmission line from the Island of Hawaii to the islands of Oahu and Maui. Annual waterbird survey information and other literature containing information on specific wetland sites were summarized. Literature describing impacts of overhead transmission lines on birds was used to evaluate potential impacts of the proposed project on endangered waterbirds,more » resident wading birds, and migratory shorebirds and waterfowl. On Oahu, five wetland habitats supporting endangered Hawaiian waterbirds were identified within 2.5 miles of the proposed transmission line corridor. On Maui, three wetland habitats supporting endangered Hawaiian waterbirds were identified within the general area of the proposed transmission line corridor. Several of the wetlands identified on Oahu and Maui also supported resident wading birds and migratory shorebirds and waterfowl. Endangered waterbirds, resident wading birds, and migratory birds may collide with the proposed transmission lines wires. The frequency and numbers of bird collisions is expected to be greater on Oahu than on Maui because more wetland habitat exists and greater numbers of birds occur in the project area on Oahu. In addition, the endangered Hawaiian goose and the endangered Hawaiian petrel may be impacted by the proposed segment of the Hawaii Geothermal Project transmission line on Maui.« less

Optimizing the specificity of nucleic acid hybridization

PubMed Central

Zhang, David Yu; Chen, Sherry Xi; Yin, Peng

2014-01-01

The specific hybridization of complementary sequences is an essential property of nucleic acids, enabling diverse biological and biotechnological reactions and functions. However, the specificity of nucleic acid hybridization is compromised for long strands, except near the melting temperature. Here, we analytically derived the thermodynamic properties of a hybridization probe that would enable near-optimal single-base discrimination and perform robustly across diverse temperature, salt and concentration conditions. We rationally designed ‘toehold exchange’ probes that approximate these properties, and comprehensively tested them against five different DNA targets and 55 spurious analogues with energetically representative single-base changes (replacements, deletions and insertions). These probes produced discrimination factors between 3 and 100+ (median, 26). Without retuning, our probes function robustly from 10 °C to 37 °C, from 1 mM Mg2+ to 47 mM Mg2+, and with nucleic acid concentrations from 1 nM to 5 μM. Experiments with RNA also showed effective single-base change discrimination. PMID:22354435

On analysis of electroencephalogram by multiresolution-based energetic approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sevindir, Hulya Kodal; Yazici, Cuneyt; Siddiqi, A. H.; Aslan, Zafer

2013-10-01

Epilepsy is a common brain disorder where the normal neuronal activity gets affected. Electroencephalography (EEG) is the recording of electrical activity along the scalp produced by the firing of neurons within the brain. The main application of EEG is in the case of epilepsy. On a standard EEG some abnormalities indicate epileptic activity. EEG signals like many biomedical signals are highly non-stationary by their nature. For the investigation of biomedical signals, in particular EEG signals, wavelet analysis have found prominent position in the study for their ability to analyze such signals. Wavelet transform is capable of separating the signal energy among different frequency scales and a good compromise between temporal and frequency resolution is obtained. The present study is an attempt for better understanding of the mechanism causing the epileptic disorder and accurate prediction of occurrence of seizures. In the present paper following Magosso's work [12], we identify typical patterns of energy redistribution before and during the seizure using multiresolution wavelet analysis on Kocaeli University's Medical School's data.

50 CFR 402.05 - Emergencies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... OF COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS SUBCHAPTER A INTERAGENCY COOPERATION-ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT OF 1973, AS AMENDED General § 402.05 Emergencies. (a) Where emergency circumstances... endangered or threatened species and their habitats. The Service will evaluate such information and issue a...

50 CFR 402.05 - Emergencies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... OF COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS SUBCHAPTER A INTERAGENCY COOPERATION-ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT OF 1973, AS AMENDED General § 402.05 Emergencies. (a) Where emergency circumstances... endangered or threatened species and their habitats. The Service will evaluate such information and issue a...

50 CFR 402.05 - Emergencies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... OF COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS SUBCHAPTER A INTERAGENCY COOPERATION-ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT OF 1973, AS AMENDED General § 402.05 Emergencies. (a) Where emergency circumstances... endangered or threatened species and their habitats. The Service will evaluate such information and issue a...

50 CFR 402.05 - Emergencies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... OF COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS SUBCHAPTER A INTERAGENCY COOPERATION-ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT OF 1973, AS AMENDED General § 402.05 Emergencies. (a) Where emergency circumstances... endangered or threatened species and their habitats. The Service will evaluate such information and issue a...

50 CFR 402.05 - Emergencies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... OF COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS SUBCHAPTER A INTERAGENCY COOPERATION-ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT OF 1973, AS AMENDED General § 402.05 Emergencies. (a) Where emergency circumstances... endangered or threatened species and their habitats. The Service will evaluate such information and issue a...

50 CFR 452.04 - Secretary's report.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... OF COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS ENDANGERED SPECIES EXEMPTION PROCESS... information and prepare a report for the Endangered Species Committee: (1) Discussing the availability of... courses of action consistent with conserving the species or the critical habitat; (4) Summarizing the...

50 CFR 452.04 - Secretary's report.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... OF COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS ENDANGERED SPECIES EXEMPTION PROCESS... information and prepare a report for the Endangered Species Committee: (1) Discussing the availability of... courses of action consistent with conserving the species or the critical habitat; (4) Summarizing the...

50 CFR 452.04 - Secretary's report.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... OF COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS ENDANGERED SPECIES EXEMPTION PROCESS... information and prepare a report for the Endangered Species Committee: (1) Discussing the availability of... courses of action consistent with conserving the species or the critical habitat; (4) Summarizing the...

50 CFR 452.04 - Secretary's report.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... OF COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS ENDANGERED SPECIES EXEMPTION PROCESS... information and prepare a report for the Endangered Species Committee: (1) Discussing the availability of... courses of action consistent with conserving the species or the critical habitat; (4) Summarizing the...

75 FR 52965 - Endangered and Threatened Species Permit Applications

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-30

...The following applicants have applied for scientific research permits to conduct certain activities with endangered species under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (Act). The Act requires that we invite public comment on these permit applications.

50 CFR 17.21 - Prohibitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

..., POSSESSION, TRANSPORTATION, SALE, PURCHASE, BARTER, EXPORTATION, AND IMPORTATION OF WILDLIFE AND PLANTS (CONTINUED) ENDANGERED AND THREATENED WILDLIFE AND PLANTS Endangered Wildlife § 17.21 Prohibitions. (a..., by any means whatsoever, and in the course of a commercial activity, any endangered wildlife. (f...

50 CFR 17.21 - Prohibitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

..., POSSESSION, TRANSPORTATION, SALE, PURCHASE, BARTER, EXPORTATION, AND IMPORTATION OF WILDLIFE AND PLANTS (CONTINUED) ENDANGERED AND THREATENED WILDLIFE AND PLANTS Endangered Wildlife § 17.21 Prohibitions. (a..., by any means whatsoever, and in the course of a commercial activity, any endangered wildlife. (f...

50 CFR 17.21 - Prohibitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

..., POSSESSION, TRANSPORTATION, SALE, PURCHASE, BARTER, EXPORTATION, AND IMPORTATION OF WILDLIFE AND PLANTS (CONTINUED) ENDANGERED AND THREATENED WILDLIFE AND PLANTS Endangered Wildlife § 17.21 Prohibitions. (a..., by any means whatsoever, and in the course of a commercial activity, any endangered wildlife. (f...

50 CFR 17.21 - Prohibitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

..., POSSESSION, TRANSPORTATION, SALE, PURCHASE, BARTER, EXPORTATION, AND IMPORTATION OF WILDLIFE AND PLANTS (CONTINUED) ENDANGERED AND THREATENED WILDLIFE AND PLANTS Endangered Wildlife § 17.21 Prohibitions. (a..., by any means whatsoever, and in the course of a commercial activity, any endangered wildlife. (f...

50 CFR 224.104 - Special requirements for fishing activities to protect endangered sea turtles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... endangered sea turtles. (a) Shrimp fishermen in the southeastern United States and the Gulf of Mexico who... to civil penalties under the Act for incidental captures of endangered sea turtles by shrimp trawl...

75 FR 67551 - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Listing the Rayed Bean and Snuffbox as Endangered

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-02

.... Croix River muskrat midden, being nearly four times more abundant than in quantitative surveys (Tyrrell... bean and snuffbox as endangered. We particularly seek comments concerning: (1) Survey results for the...

ENDANGERED AQUATIC VERTEBRATES: COMPARATIVE AND PROBABILISTIC-BASED TOXICOLOGY

EPA Science Inventory

It has previously been assumed that endangered, threatened, and candidate endangered species (collectively known as “listed” species) are uniquely sensitive to chemicals. The purpose of this cooperative research effort (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Geological Surve...

Lethal and sub-lethal chronic effects of the herbicide diuron on seagrass.

PubMed

Negri, Andrew P; Flores, Florita; Mercurio, Phil; Mueller, Jochen F; Collier, Catherine J

2015-08-01

Photosystem II herbicides from agricultural sources have been detected throughout nearshore tropical habitats including seagrass meadows. While PSII herbicides have been shown to inhibit growth in microalgae at low concentrations, the potential impacts of chronic low concentration exposures to seagrass health and growth have not been investigated. Here we exposed two tropical seagrass species Halodule uninervis and Zostera muelleri to elevated diuron concentrations (from 0.3 to 7.2μgl(-1)) over a 79-day period followed by a 2-week recovery period in uncontaminated seawater. PAM fluorometry demonstrated rapid effect of diuron on photosystem II (PSII) in both seagrass species at 0.3μgl(-1). This effect included significant inhibition of photosynthetic efficiency (ΔF/Fm') and inactivation of PSII (Fv/Fm) over the 11 week exposure period. Significant mortality and reductions in growth was only observed at the highest exposure concentration of 7.2μgl(-1) diuron. However, biochemical indicators demonstrated that the health of seagrass after this prolonged exposure was significantly compromised at lower concentrations. For example, the drop in C:N ratios (0.6μgl(-1)) and reduced δ(13)C (1.7μgl(-1)) in seagrass leaves indicated reduced C-assimilation from photosynthesis. Critically, the energetic reserves of the plants (as measured by starch content in the root-rhizome complex) were approximately halved following diuron exposure at and above 1.7μgl(-1). During the 2-week recovery period, the photosynthetic capacity of the seagrass improved with only plants from the highest diuron treatment still exhibiting chronic damage to PSII. This study shows that, although seagrass may survive prolonged herbicide exposures, concentrations ≥0.6μgl(-1) diuron equivalents cause measureable impacts on energetic status that may leave the plants vulnerable to other simultaneous stressors. For example, tropical seagrasses have been heavily impacted by reduced light from coastal flood plumes and the effects on plant energetics from light limitation and diuron exposure (highest in flood plumes) are very similar, potentially leading to cumulative negative effects. Crown Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Sedimentation rapidly induces an immune response and depletes energy stores in a hard coral

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sheridan, C.; Grosjean, Ph.; Leblud, J.; Palmer, C. V.; Kushmaro, A.; Eeckhaut, I.

2014-12-01

High sedimentation rates have been linked to reduced coral health within multiple systems; however, whether this is a direct result of compromised coral immunity has not been previously investigated. The potential effects of sedimentation on immunity of the hard coral Montipora patula were examined by comparing physiological responses of coral fragments inoculated with sterilized marine sediments and those under control conditions. Sediments were collected from terrestrial runoff-affected reefs in SW Madagascar and applied cyclically for a total of 24 h at a rate observed during precipitation-induced sedimentation events. Coral health was determined 24 h after the onset of the sedimentation stress through measuring metabolic proxies of O2 budget and lipid ratios. Immune response of the melanin synthesis pathway was measured by quantifying phenoloxidase activity and melanin deposits. Sedimentation induced both immune and metabolic responses in M. patula. Both phenoloxidase activity and melanin deposition were significantly higher in the sediment treatment compared to controls, indicating an induced immune response. Sediment-treated corals also showed a tendency towards increased respiration (during the night) and decreased photosynthesis (during the day) and a significant depletion of energy reserves as compared to controls. These data highlight that short-term (24 h) sedimentation, free of live microorganisms, compromises the health of M. patula. The energetically costly immune response, potentially elicited by residual endotoxins and other inflammatory particles associated with the sterile sediments, likely contributes to the energy depletion. Overall, exposure to sedimentation adversely affects coral health and continued exposure may lead to resource depletion and an increased susceptibility to disease.

Environmentally Sensitive Areas Surveys Program threatened and endangered species survey: Progress report. Environmental Restoration Program

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

King, A.L.; Awl, D.J.; Gabrielsen, C.A.

The Endangered Species Act (originally passed in 1973) is a Federal statute that protects both animal and plant species. The Endangered Species Act identifies species which are, without careful management, in danger of becoming extinct and species that are considered threatened. Along with the designation of threatened or endangered, the Endangered Species Act provides for the identification of appropriate habitat for these species. Since 1993, the United States Department of Energy`s (DOE) Environmental Restoration (ER) Program has supported a program to survey the Oak Ridge Reservation (ORR) for threatened and endangered species. The Environmentally Sensitive Areas Surveys Program initiated vascularmore » plant surveys during fiscal year 1993 and vertebrate animal surveys during fiscal year 1994 to determine the baseline condition of threatened and endangered species on the ORR at the present time. Data collected during these surveys are currently aiding Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) Remedial Investigations on the ORR. They also provide data for ER and Waste Management decision documents, ensure that decisions have technical and legal defensibility, provide a baseline for ensuring compliance with principal legal requirements and will increase public confidence in DOE`s adherence to all related environmental resources rules, laws, regulations, and instructions. This report discusses the progress to date of the threatened and endangered species surveys of the ORR.« less

50 CFR 402.40 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... OF COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS SUBCHAPTER A INTERAGENCY COOPERATION-ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT OF 1973, AS AMENDED Counterpart Regulations Governing Actions by the U.S... nature and scope of a FIFRA action. (d) Listed species is a species listed as endangered or threatened...

50 CFR 402.12 - Biological assessments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS SUBCHAPTER A INTERAGENCY COOPERATION-ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT OF 1973, AS AMENDED Consultation Procedures § 402.12 Biological assessments.... Candidate species refers to any species being considered by the Service for listing as endangered or...

50 CFR 402.12 - Biological assessments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS SUBCHAPTER A INTERAGENCY COOPERATION-ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT OF 1973, AS AMENDED Consultation Procedures § 402.12 Biological assessments. (a.... Candidate species refers to any species being considered by the Service for listing as endangered or...

50 CFR 402.12 - Biological assessments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS SUBCHAPTER A INTERAGENCY COOPERATION-ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT OF 1973, AS AMENDED Consultation Procedures § 402.12 Biological assessments.... Candidate species refers to any species being considered by the Service for listing as endangered or...

50 CFR 402.40 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... OF COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS SUBCHAPTER A INTERAGENCY COOPERATION-ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT OF 1973, AS AMENDED Counterpart Regulations Governing Actions by the U.S... nature and scope of a FIFRA action. (d) Listed species is a species listed as endangered or threatened...

50 CFR 402.40 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... OF COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS SUBCHAPTER A INTERAGENCY COOPERATION-ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT OF 1973, AS AMENDED Counterpart Regulations Governing Actions by the U.S... nature and scope of a FIFRA action. (d) Listed species is a species listed as endangered or threatened...

50 CFR 402.12 - Biological assessments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS SUBCHAPTER A INTERAGENCY COOPERATION-ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT OF 1973, AS AMENDED Consultation Procedures § 402.12 Biological assessments. (a.... Candidate species refers to any species being considered by the Service for listing as endangered or...

50 CFR 402.40 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... OF COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS SUBCHAPTER A INTERAGENCY COOPERATION-ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT OF 1973, AS AMENDED Counterpart Regulations Governing Actions by the U.S... nature and scope of a FIFRA action. (d) Listed species is a species listed as endangered or threatened...

50 CFR 402.40 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... OF COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS SUBCHAPTER A INTERAGENCY COOPERATION-ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT OF 1973, AS AMENDED Counterpart Regulations Governing Actions by the U.S... nature and scope of a FIFRA action. (d) Listed species is a species listed as endangered or threatened...

50 CFR 402.12 - Biological assessments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS SUBCHAPTER A INTERAGENCY COOPERATION-ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT OF 1973, AS AMENDED Consultation Procedures § 402.12 Biological assessments.... Candidate species refers to any species being considered by the Service for listing as endangered or...

Endangered Languages.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hale, Ken; And Others

1992-01-01

Endangered languages, or languages on the verge of becoming extinct, are discussed in relation to the larger process of loss of cultural and intellectual diversity. This article summarizes essays presented at the 1991 Linguistic Society of America symposium, "Endangered Languages and Their Preservation." (11 references) (LB)

Endangered Species in the Pacific Northwest.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Clearing: Nature and Learning in the Pacific Northwest, 1985

1985-01-01

Suggests that students can learn how society works by studying threatened and endangered plant and animal species which occur in the local environments. Pictures, descriptions, habitats, and niche information are given for 21 threatened or endangered species of the Pacific Northwest. (DH)

COMPARATIVE SENSITIVITY OF THE SHEEPSHEAD MINNOW AND ENDANGERED PUPFISHES

EPA Science Inventory

Standard environmental assessment procedures are assumed to protect aquatic species, including endangered ones. However, it is not known if endangered species are adequately protected by these procedures. To test the validity of this assumption, static acute toxicity tests were c...

50 CFR 17.21 - Prohibitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

..., POSSESSION, TRANSPORTATION, SALE, PURCHASE, BARTER, EXPORTATION, AND IMPORTATION OF WILDLIFE AND PLANTS (CONTINUED) ENDANGERED AND THREATENED WILDLIFE AND PLANTS Endangered Wildlife § 17.21 Prohibitions. (a... of a commercial activity, any endangered wildlife. (f) Sale or offer for sale. (1) It is unlawful to...

Tracking Cats: Problems with Placing Feline Carnivores on δ18O, δD Isoscapes

PubMed Central

Pietsch, Stephanie J.; Hobson, Keith A.; Wassenaar, Leonard I.; Tütken, Thomas

2011-01-01

Background Several felids are endangered and threatened by the illegal wildlife trade. Establishing geographic origin of tissues of endangered species is thus crucial for wildlife crime investigations and effective conservation strategies. As shown in other species, stable isotope analysis of hydrogen and oxygen in hair (δDh, δ18Oh) can be used as a tool for provenance determination. However, reliably predicting the spatial distribution of δDh and δ18Oh requires confirmation from animal tissues of known origin and a detailed understanding of the isotopic routing of dietary nutrients into felid hair. Methodology/Findings We used coupled δDh and δ18Oh measurements from the North American bobcat (Lynx rufus) and puma (Puma concolor) with precipitation-based assignment isoscapes to test the feasibility of isotopic geo-location of felidae. Hairs of felid and rabbit museum specimens from 75 sites across the United States and Canada were analyzed. Bobcat and puma lacked a significant correlation between H/O isotopes in hair and local waters, and also exhibited an isotopic decoupling of δ18Oh and δDh. Conversely, strong δD and δ18O coupling was found for key prey, eastern cottontail rabbit (Sylvilagus floridanus; hair) and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus; collagen, bone phosphate). Conclusions/Significance Puma and bobcat hairs do not adhere to expected pattern of H and O isotopic variation predicted by precipitation isoscapes for North America. Thus, using bulk hair, felids cannot be placed on δ18O and δD isoscapes for use in forensic investigations. The effective application of isotopes to trace the provenance of feline carnivores is likely compromised by major controls of their diet, physiology and metabolism on hair δ18O and δD related to body water budgets. Controlled feeding experiments, combined with single amino acid isotope analysis of diets and hair, are needed to reveal mechanisms and physiological traits explaining why felid hair does not follow isotopic patterns demonstrated in many other taxa. PMID:21931770

Cellular conservation of endangered midget buffalo (Lowland Anoa, Bubalus quarlesi) by establishment of primary cultured cell, and its immortalization with expression of cell cycle regulators.

PubMed

Fukuda, Tomokazu; Iino, Yuuka; Eitsuka, Takahiro; Onuma, Manabu; Katayama, Masafumi; Murata, Koichi; Inoue-Murayama, Miho; Hara, Kumiko; Isogai, Emiko; Kiyono, Tohru

2016-10-01

Lowland Anoa has become endangered due to hunting and human activity. Protection and breeding of endangered species in a controlled environment is the best way of conservation. However, it is not possible to adopt this approach for all endangered species because of the cost involved and the ever-increasing number of critically endangered species. In consideration of these limitations to the conventional conservation methods, we established a primary cell culture of endangered buffalo (Lowland Anoa, Bubalus quarlesi), for the preservation of this biological resource. In addition, we introduced human derived, mutant cyclin dependent kinase 4 (CDK4), Cyclin D, and telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) into the primary cells. The successful introduction of these three genes was confirmed by western blot with specific antibodies, and enzymatic activity. We also showed that the expression of mutant CDK4, Cyclin D, and TERT allows us to efficiently establish an immortalized cell line, with an intact chromosome pattern, from Lowland Anoa. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first investigation that established an immortalized cell line of an endangered wild animal species.

Combining endangered plants and animals as surrogates to identify priority conservation areas in Yunnan, China

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, Feiling; Hu, Jinming; Wu, Ruidong

2016-08-01

Suitable surrogates are critical for identifying optimal priority conservation areas (PCAs) to protect regional biodiversity. This study explored the efficiency of using endangered plants and animals as surrogates for identifying PCAs at the county level in Yunnan, southwest China. We ran the Dobson algorithm under three surrogate scenarios at 75% and 100% conservation levels and identified four types of PCAs. Assessment of the protection efficiencies of the four types of PCAs showed that endangered plants had higher surrogacy values than endangered animals but that the two were not substitutable; coupled endangered plants and animals as surrogates yielded a higher surrogacy value than endangered plants or animals as surrogates; the plant-animal priority areas (PAPAs) was the optimal among the four types of PCAs for conserving both endangered plants and animals in Yunnan. PAPAs could well represent overall species diversity distribution patterns and overlap with critical biogeographical regions in Yunnan. Fourteen priority units in PAPAs should be urgently considered as optimizing Yunnan’s protected area system. The spatial pattern of PAPAs at the 100% conservation level could be conceptualized into three connected conservation belts, providing a valuable reference for optimizing the layout of the in situ protected area system in Yunnan.

[Book review] Endangered Birds: Management techniques for preserving threatened species

USGS Publications Warehouse

Erickson, R.C.

1980-01-01

This volume contains the proceedings of a symposium held at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, during 17-20 August 1977. In the words of the book's editor, Stanley Temple, the symposium "offered a unique opportunity for leading scientists from around the world to meet and share their experiences with endangered birds." That this objective was achieved is indicated by a list of contributors standing as a "Who's Who" in endangered species research and management. This symposium was jointly sponsored by the International Council for Bird Preservation, World Wildlife Fund, National Audubon Society, New York Zoological Society, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Fifty-one papers by 53 contributors are listed under 10 topics: endangered bird problems and the concept of managing threatened species; increasing reproductive effort and success by reducing nest-site limitations; alleviating problems of competition, predation, parasitism, and disease; supplemental feeding and manipulation of feeding ecology; manipulating aspects of nesting biology; captive breeding of endangered birds; genetic aspects of managing dwindling populations; reintroducing endangered birds to the wild; integrated approaches to management of endangered birds; and summary. A 14-page index provides convenient reference to subjects in the text.

The Endangered Species Act and a Deeper Look at Extinction.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Borowski, John F.

1992-01-01

Discusses the importance of saving species and dispels myths surrounding the endangered species act as background to three student activities that include a round table debate, writing to congresspeople, and a research project suggestion. Lists reference materials for endangered species. (MCO)

50 CFR 402.46 - Optional formal consultation procedure for FIFRA actions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS SUBCHAPTER A INTERAGENCY COOPERATION-ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT OF 1973, AS AMENDED Counterpart Regulations... such authority may not be delegated below the level of Assistant Director for Endangered Species (FWS...

50 CFR 402.46 - Optional formal consultation procedure for FIFRA actions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS SUBCHAPTER A INTERAGENCY COOPERATION-ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT OF 1973, AS AMENDED Counterpart Regulations... such authority may not be delegated below the level of Assistant Director for Endangered Species (FWS...

50 CFR 402.46 - Optional formal consultation procedure for FIFRA actions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS SUBCHAPTER A INTERAGENCY COOPERATION-ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT OF 1973, AS AMENDED Counterpart Regulations Governing Actions... such authority may not be delegated below the level of Assistant Director for Endangered Species (FWS...

50 CFR 402.41 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... consultation process under section 7 of the Endangered Species Act (Act), 16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq., by providing... COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS SUBCHAPTER A INTERAGENCY COOPERATION-ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT OF 1973, AS AMENDED Counterpart Regulations Governing Actions by the U.S. Environmental Protection...

50 CFR 402.41 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... consultation process under section 7 of the Endangered Species Act (Act), 16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq., by providing... COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS SUBCHAPTER A INTERAGENCY COOPERATION-ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT OF 1973, AS AMENDED Counterpart Regulations Governing Actions by the U.S. Environmental Protection...

50 CFR 402.41 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... consultation process under section 7 of the Endangered Species Act (Act), 16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq., by providing... COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS SUBCHAPTER A INTERAGENCY COOPERATION-ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT OF 1973, AS AMENDED Counterpart Regulations Governing Actions by the U.S. Environmental Protection...

50 CFR 402.46 - Optional formal consultation procedure for FIFRA actions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS SUBCHAPTER A INTERAGENCY COOPERATION-ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT OF 1973, AS AMENDED Counterpart Regulations... such authority may not be delegated below the level of Assistant Director for Endangered Species (FWS...

50 CFR 402.41 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... consultation process under section 7 of the Endangered Species Act (Act), 16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq., by providing... COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS SUBCHAPTER A INTERAGENCY COOPERATION-ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT OF 1973, AS AMENDED Counterpart Regulations Governing Actions by the U.S. Environmental Protection...

50 CFR 402.46 - Optional formal consultation procedure for FIFRA actions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS SUBCHAPTER A INTERAGENCY COOPERATION-ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT OF 1973, AS AMENDED Counterpart Regulations Governing Actions... such authority may not be delegated below the level of Assistant Director for Endangered Species (FWS...

50 CFR 402.41 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... consultation process under section 7 of the Endangered Species Act (Act), 16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq., by providing... COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS SUBCHAPTER A INTERAGENCY COOPERATION-ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT OF 1973, AS AMENDED Counterpart Regulations Governing Actions by the U.S. Environmental Protection...

75 FR 27814 - Receipt of Applications for Permit

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-18

... comment on the following applications to conduct certain activities with endangered species. With some exceptions, the Endangered Species Act (ESA) prohibits activities with listed species unless a Federal permit.... Background To help us carry out our conservation responsibilities for affected species, the Endangered...

75 FR 41235 - Receipt of Applications for Permit

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-15

... comment on the following applications to conduct certain activities with endangered species. With some exceptions, the Endangered Species Act (ESA) prohibits activities with listed species unless a Federal permit.... Background To help us carry out our conservation responsibilities for affected species, the Endangered...

75 FR 12255 - Receipt of Applications for Permit

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-15

... comment on the following applications to conduct certain activities with endangered species, marine mammals, or both. With some exceptions, the Endangered Species Act (ESA) and Marine Mammal Protection Act... carry out our conservation responsibilities for affected species, the Endangered Species Act of 1973...

50 CFR 222.201 - General requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE MARINE MAMMALS GENERAL ENDANGERED AND THREATENED MARINE SPECIES Certificates of Exemption for Pre-Act Endangered Species Parts § 222.201 General requirements. (a) The Assistant Administrator may exempt any pre-Act endangered species part from the prohibitions of sections 9(a...

50 CFR 222.201 - General requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE MARINE MAMMALS GENERAL ENDANGERED AND THREATENED MARINE SPECIES Certificates of Exemption for Pre-Act Endangered Species Parts § 222.201 General requirements. (a) The Assistant Administrator may exempt any pre-Act endangered species part from the prohibitions of sections 9(a...

77 FR 58812 - Endangered Species; File No. 17316

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-24

..., importing, and exporting of endangered and threatened species (50 CFR 222-226). The applicant proposes to... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RIN 0648-XC252 Endangered Species; File No. 17316 AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric...

50 CFR 222.201 - General requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE MARINE MAMMALS GENERAL ENDANGERED AND THREATENED MARINE SPECIES Certificates of Exemption for Pre-Act Endangered Species Parts § 222.201 General requirements. (a) The Assistant Administrator may exempt any pre-Act endangered species part from the prohibitions of sections 9(a...

50 CFR 222.201 - General requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE MARINE MAMMALS GENERAL ENDANGERED AND THREATENED MARINE SPECIES Certificates of Exemption for Pre-Act Endangered Species Parts § 222.201 General requirements. (a) The Assistant Administrator may exempt any pre-Act endangered species part from the prohibitions of sections 9(a...

50 CFR 222.201 - General requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE MARINE MAMMALS GENERAL ENDANGERED AND THREATENED MARINE SPECIES Certificates of Exemption for Pre-Act Endangered Species Parts § 222.201 General requirements. (a) The Assistant Administrator may exempt any pre-Act endangered species part from the prohibitions of sections 9(a...

Dependence of the endangered black-capped vireo on sustained cowbird management

EPA Science Inventory

Conservation-reliant species depend on active management for sustained protection from persistent threats. For species that are listed as threatened or endangered under the U.S. Endangered Species Act, being conservation-reliant means that they require continued management even ...

50 CFR 81.2 - Cooperation with the States.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... (CONTINUED) FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE-WILDLIFE SPORT FISH RESTORATION PROGRAM CONSERVATION OF ENDANGERED AND... maintains an adequate and active program for the conservation of various endangered and threatened species... Secretary to be endangered or threatened; (b) The State agency has established an acceptable conservation...

50 CFR 224.103 - Special prohibitions for endangered marine mammals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... marine mammals. 224.103 Section 224.103 Wildlife and Fisheries NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE, NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE MARINE MAMMALS ENDANGERED MARINE AND ANADROMOUS SPECIES § 224.103 Special prohibitions for endangered marine mammals. (a) Approaching...

Deriving protection thresholds for threatened and endangered species potentially exposed to pesticides

EPA Science Inventory

The Endangered Species Act requires specific and stringent protection to threatened and endangered species and their critical habitat. Therefore, protective methods for risk assessment for such species are needed. Species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) are a common tool used fo...

76 FR 16595 - Endangered and Threatened Species; Extension of Public Comment Period on Proposed Range Extension...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-24

... proposed rule to extend the southern boundary of the endangered Central California Coast (CCC) coho salmon... published a proposed rule to extend the boundary of the endangered CCC coho salmon ESU from its current...

77 FR 50767 - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Endangered Status for Four Central Texas...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-22

...We, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service), propose to list the Austin blind salamander, Jollyville Plateau salamander, Georgetown salamander, and Salado salamander as endangered under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (Act), and propose to designate critical habitat for the species. In total, we propose to designate approximately 5,983 acres (2,440 hectares) as critical habitat for the four species. The proposed critical habitat is located in Travis, Williamson, and Bell Counties, Texas.

The World of Endangered Wildlife. [Filmstrip, Cassette Tape Narration, Teacher's Guide, Two Copies of National Wildlife Magazine's Special Issue on Endangered Species, State-by-State List of Endangered Animals, and Wildlife Notes.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Wildlife Federation, Washington, DC.

The gradual disappearance of many species of wildlife, too often a prelude to extinction, is a problem of large proportions and increasing urgency. This filmstrip kit is designed to help students and teachers to understand the more serious threats to endangered species, what is being done about them, and how the individual can help. The kit…

New records, threatens and conservation status for Dichotomius schiffleri Vaz-de-Mello, Louzada & Gavino (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae): an endangered dung beetle species from Brazilian atlantic forest ecosystems.

PubMed

Vieira, L; Louzada, J; Vaz-de-Mello, F Z; Lopes, P P; Silva, F A B

2011-01-01

Dichotomius schiffleri Vaz-de-Mello et al is often cited as endemic to the preserved coastal sandy-dune vegetation (restinga) of Guriri Island, Espírito Santo state, and is included in the Brazilian List of Endangered Fauna as "critically endangered" (CR). However, we recorded its occurrence in twelve additional sites along the coasts of Espírito Santo, Bahia, Sergipe and Pernambuco. The geographic distribution of D. schiffleri is limited to the coastal Atlantic Forest domain, mainly in preserved restinga patches. We recommend that D. schiffleri remains in the List of Endangered species, but in the "endangered" (EN) category, according to the IUCN criteria.

7 CFR 355.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... construed, respectively, to mean: Act. The Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.). Convention. The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, TIAS 8249..., DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ENDANGERED SPECIES REGULATIONS CONCERNING TERRESTRIAL PLANTS Purpose and...

7 CFR 355.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... construed, respectively, to mean: Act. The Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.). Convention. The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, TIAS 8249..., DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ENDANGERED SPECIES REGULATIONS CONCERNING TERRESTRIAL PLANTS Purpose and...

7 CFR 355.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... construed, respectively, to mean: Act. The Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.). Convention. The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, TIAS 8249..., DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ENDANGERED SPECIES REGULATIONS CONCERNING TERRESTRIAL PLANTS Purpose and...

7 CFR 355.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... construed, respectively, to mean: Act. The Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.). Convention. The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, TIAS 8249..., DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ENDANGERED SPECIES REGULATIONS CONCERNING TERRESTRIAL PLANTS Purpose and...

7 CFR 355.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... construed, respectively, to mean: Act. The Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.). Convention. The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, TIAS 8249..., DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ENDANGERED SPECIES REGULATIONS CONCERNING TERRESTRIAL PLANTS Purpose and...

77 FR 42756 - Draft Environmental Impact Statement and Draft Habitat Conservation Plan for Incidental Take of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-20

...), including the endangered fountain darter (Etheostoma fonticola), threatened San Marcos salamander (Eurycea nana), endangered San Marcos gambusia (Gambusia georgei), endangered Texas blind salamander...), Comal Springs salamander (Eurycea sp.), and Texas troglobitic water slater (Lirceolus smithii) in case...

50 CFR 222.202 - Certificate renewal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE MARINE MAMMALS GENERAL ENDANGERED AND THREATENED MARINE SPECIES Certificates of Exemption for Pre-Act Endangered Species Parts § 222.202 Certificate renewal. (a) Any person to... complete and detailed updated inventory of all pre-Act endangered species parts for which the applicant...

50 CFR 222.205 - Import and export requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE MARINE MAMMALS GENERAL ENDANGERED AND THREATENED MARINE SPECIES Certificates of Exemption for Pre-Act Endangered Species Parts § 222.205 Import and export requirements. (a... neither endangered nor threatened species and that are imported for purposes of human or animal...

50 CFR 222.202 - Certificate renewal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE MARINE MAMMALS GENERAL ENDANGERED AND THREATENED MARINE SPECIES Certificates of Exemption for Pre-Act Endangered Species Parts § 222.202 Certificate renewal. (a) Any person to... complete and detailed updated inventory of all pre-Act endangered species parts for which the applicant...

50 CFR 222.205 - Import and export requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE MARINE MAMMALS GENERAL ENDANGERED AND THREATENED MARINE SPECIES Certificates of Exemption for Pre-Act Endangered Species Parts § 222.205 Import and export requirements. (a... neither endangered nor threatened species and that are imported for purposes of human or animal...

50 CFR 222.202 - Certificate renewal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE MARINE MAMMALS GENERAL ENDANGERED AND THREATENED MARINE SPECIES Certificates of Exemption for Pre-Act Endangered Species Parts § 222.202 Certificate renewal. (a) Any person to... complete and detailed updated inventory of all pre-Act endangered species parts for which the applicant...

50 CFR 424.12 - Criteria for designating critical habitat.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS SUBCHAPTER A LISTING ENDANGERED AND THREATENED SPECIES AND DESIGNATING CRITICAL HABITAT Revision of the Lists § 424.12... species. (f) Critical habitat may be designated for those species listed as threatened or endangered but...

50 CFR 222.205 - Import and export requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE MARINE MAMMALS GENERAL ENDANGERED AND THREATENED MARINE SPECIES Certificates of Exemption for Pre-Act Endangered Species Parts § 222.205 Import and export requirements. (a... neither endangered nor threatened species and that are imported for purposes of human or animal...

77 FR 1671 - Endangered Species; File No. 16194

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-11

..., importing, and exporting of endangered and threatened species (50 CFR parts 222-226). The five-year permit... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RIN 0648-XA925 Endangered Species; File No. 16194 AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric...

50 CFR 222.202 - Certificate renewal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE MARINE MAMMALS GENERAL ENDANGERED AND THREATENED MARINE SPECIES Certificates of Exemption for Pre-Act Endangered Species Parts § 222.202 Certificate renewal. (a) Any person to... complete and detailed updated inventory of all pre-Act endangered species parts for which the applicant...

50 CFR 222.205 - Import and export requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE MARINE MAMMALS GENERAL ENDANGERED AND THREATENED MARINE SPECIES Certificates of Exemption for Pre-Act Endangered Species Parts § 222.205 Import and export requirements. (a... neither endangered nor threatened species and that are imported for purposes of human or animal...

75 FR 62850 - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Permit; Habitat Conservation Plan for Operation...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-13

...] Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Permit; Habitat Conservation Plan for Operation and... as endangered or threatened. The term ``take'' means to harass, harm, pursue, hunt, shoot, wound.... Both adults and fledglings are known to [[Page 62851

75 FR 71726 - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; 5-Year Status Reviews of 58 Species in Washington...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-24

... Endangered U.S.A. (HI).... 56 FR 55770; 10/29/1991. arbuscula. Ma`o hau hele, (=native Hibiscus Endangered U.S.A. (HI).... 59 FR 56333; 11/10/1994. yellow hibiscus). brackenridgei. Aupaka Isodendrion...

Automatic Detection and Vulnerability Analysis of Areas Endangered by Heavy Rain

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Krauß, Thomas; Fischer, Peter

2016-08-01

In this paper we present a new method for fully automatic detection and derivation of areas endangered by heavy rainfall based only on digital elevation models. Tracking news show that the majority of occuring natural hazards are flood events. So already many flood prediction systems were developed. But most of these existing systems for deriving areas endangered by flooding events are based only on horizontal and vertical distances to existing rivers and lakes. Typically such systems take not into account dangers arising directly from heavy rain events. In a study conducted by us together with a german insurance company a new approach for detection of areas endangered by heavy rain was proven to give a high correlation of the derived endangered areas and the losses claimed at the insurance company. Here we describe three methods for classification of digital terrain models and analyze their usability for automatic detection and vulnerability analysis for areas endangered by heavy rainfall and analyze the results using the available insurance data.

Endangered Species Act and energy facility planning: compliance and conflict

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Shreeve, D; Calef, C; Nagy, J

1978-05-01

New energy facilities such as coal mines, gasification plants, refineries, and power plants--because of their severe environmental impacts--may, if sited haphazardly, jeopardize endangered species. By law, conflicts between energy-facility siting and endangered species occurrence must be minimized. To assess the likelihood of such conflicts arising, the authors used data from the Fish and Wildlife Service, Endangered Species Office, that describe the species' ranges by county. This data set was matched with county-level occurrences of imminent energy developments to find counties of overlap and hence potential conflict. An index was developed to measure the likelihood of actual conflict occurring in suchmore » counties. Factors determining the index are: numbers of endangered species inhabiting the county, number of energy-related developments, and to what degree the county remains in a wild or undeveloped state. Maps were prepared showing (1) geographic ranges of endangered species by taxonomic groups (mammals, fish, etc.) and (2) counties of conflict.« less

Pro‐arrhythmic atrial phenotypes in incrementally paced murine Pgc1β −/− hearts: effects of age

PubMed Central

Valli, Haseeb; Ahmad, Shiraz; Fraser, James A.; Jeevaratnam, Kamalan

2017-01-01

New Findings What is the central question of this study? Can we experimentally replicate atrial pro‐arrhythmic phenotypes associated with important chronic clinical conditions, including physical inactivity, obesity, diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome, compromising mitochondrial function, and clarify their electrophysiological basis? What is the main finding and its importance? Electrocardiographic and intracellular cardiomyocyte recording at progressively incremented pacing rates demonstrated age‐dependent atrial arrhythmic phenotypes in Langendorff‐perfused murine Pgc1β −/− hearts for the first time. We attributed these to compromised action potential conduction and excitation wavefronts, whilst excluding alterations in recovery properties or temporal electrophysiological instabilities, clarifying these pro‐arrhythmic changes in chronic metabolic disease. Atrial arrhythmias, most commonly manifesting as atrial fibrillation, represent a major clinical problem. The incidence of atrial fibrillation increases with both age and conditions associated with energetic dysfunction. Atrial arrhythmic phenotypes were compared in young (12–16 week) and aged (>52 week) wild‐type (WT) and peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 beta (Ppargc1b)‐deficient (Pgc1β −/−) Langendorff‐perfused hearts, previously used to model mitochondrial energetic disorder. Electrophysiological explorations were performed using simultaneous whole‐heart ECG and intracellular atrial action potential (AP) recordings. Two stimulation protocols were used: an S1S2 protocol, which imposed extrasystolic stimuli at successively decremented intervals following regular pulse trains; and a regular pacing protocol at successively incremented frequencies. Aged Pgc1β −/− hearts showed greater atrial arrhythmogenicity, presenting as atrial tachycardia and ectopic activity. Maximal rates of AP depolarization (dV/dt max) were reduced in Pgc1β −/− hearts. Action potential latencies were increased by the Pgc1β −/− genotype, with an added interactive effect of age. In contrast, AP durations to 90% recovery (APD90) were shorter in Pgc1β −/− hearts despite similar atrial effective recovery periods amongst the different groups. These findings accompanied paradoxical decreases in the incidence and duration of alternans in the aged and Pgc1β −/− hearts. Limiting slopes of restitution curves of APD90 against diastolic interval were correspondingly reduced interactively by Pgc1β −/− genotype and age. In contrast, reduced AP wavelengths were associated with Pgc1β −/− genotype, both independently and interacting with age, through the basic cycle lengths explored, with the aged Pgc1β −/− hearts showing the shortest wavelengths. These findings thus implicate AP wavelength in possible mechanisms for the atrial arrhythmic changes reported here. PMID:28960529

Oral health-related quality of life in socially endangered persons in Copenhagen, Denmark.

PubMed

Øzhayat, Esben Boeskov; Østergaard, Peter; Gotfredsen, Klaus

2016-11-01

The aims of this study were to investigate and describe the Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) in a socially endangered group of people and to compare the OHRQoL to other patient groups. About 294 socially endangered persons attending a volunteer clinic in Copenhagen Denmark filled in the OHIP-14 questionnaire. The group was compared in mean score and reported problems to a group of patients with tooth loss and about to have a removable dental prosthesis (RDP), a group with tooth loss about to have a fixed dental prosthesis (FDP) and a control group without tooth loss. Significantly higher OHIP-14 score was seen in the socially endangered group (15.5 (SD 12.6)) compared with the control (1.9 (SD 2.7)) and the FDP group (9.4 (SD 8.2)) but not the RDP group (13.1 (SD 10.5)). This difference was not changed after stratifying in age groups. Problems related to psychological disability, social disability, and handicap were more frequent in the social endangered group than for the other groups. The items pain, tense, diet, relax, life, and function stand out as problems in the socially endangered group compared to the other groups. The OHRQoL is highly impaired in the socially endangered persons and at least to the level of persons with great tooth loss about to have an RDP. The problems seem to be more handicapping in the socially endangered compared with other patient groups known to have high impairment.

50 CFR 229.20 - Issuance of permits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... threatened species under the Endangered Species Act of 1973 if the Assistant Administrator determines that... species or stock pursuant to the Endangered Species Act of 1973; and (3) Where required under regulations... Federal Register of fisheries having takes of marine mammals listed under the Endangered Species Act...

50 CFR 229.20 - Issuance of permits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... threatened species under the Endangered Species Act of 1973 if the Assistant Administrator determines that... species or stock pursuant to the Endangered Species Act of 1973; and (3) Where required under regulations... Federal Register of fisheries having takes of marine mammals listed under the Endangered Species Act...

FRAMEWORK TO EVALUATE CLIMATE CHANGE RISKS TO THREATENED AND ENDANGERED SPECIES

EPA Science Inventory

Wildlife species listed as Threatened or Endangered under the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (T&E species) suffer a significant risk of extinction in North America due to the adverse effects of current natural or anthropogenic stressors. Climate change, either acting alone or by ...

50 CFR 222.101 - Purpose and scope of regulations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 222, 223, and 224 of this chapter implement the Endangered Species Act (Act), and govern the taking... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE MARINE MAMMALS GENERAL ENDANGERED AND THREATENED MARINE SPECIES... threatened or endangered pursuant to section 4(a) of the Act. These regulations are implemented by the...

50 CFR 222.101 - Purpose and scope of regulations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 222, 223, and 224 of this chapter implement the Endangered Species Act (Act), and govern the taking... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE MARINE MAMMALS GENERAL ENDANGERED AND THREATENED MARINE SPECIES... threatened or endangered pursuant to section 4(a) of the Act. These regulations are implemented by the...

EARLY LIFE STAGE TOXICITY OF COPPER TO ENDANGERED AND SURROGATE FISH SPECIES

EPA Science Inventory

Water quality criteria (WQC) for the protection of aquatic life have not explicitly considered the degree of protection afforded to aquatic species listed as endangered or threatened under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (listed species) . Most WQCs are based primarily on respon...

33 CFR 325.2 - Processing of applications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... the Endangered Species Act as amended. The district engineer will include a statement in the public... Act, the Endangered Species Act, the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act, and the Marine Protection, Research... applicable to the proposed activity are identified. (See § 322.5(c).) (5) Endangered species. Applications...

75 FR 34766 - Receipt of Applications for Permit

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-18

... comment on the following applications to conduct certain activities with endangered species. With some exceptions, the Endangered Species Act (ESA) prohibits activities with listed species unless a Federal permit... conservation responsibilities for affected species, the Endangered Species Act of 1973, section 10(a)(1)(A), as...

33 CFR 325.2 - Processing of applications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... the Endangered Species Act as amended. The district engineer will include a statement in the public... Act, the Endangered Species Act, the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act, and the Marine Protection, Research... applicable to the proposed activity are identified. (See § 322.5(c).) (5) Endangered Species. Applications...

33 CFR 325.2 - Processing of applications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... the Endangered Species Act as amended. The district engineer will include a statement in the public... Act, the Endangered Species Act, the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act, and the Marine Protection, Research... applicable to the proposed activity are identified. (See § 322.5(c).) (5) Endangered Species. Applications...

Web-based Interspecies Correlation Estimation (Web-ICE) for Acute Toxicity: User Manual 3.2

EPA Science Inventory

The Web-ICE Endangered Species module simultaneously estimates toxicity to taxa representing threatened or endangered species using up to 25 surrogates. This module batch processes toxicity values for endangered species from all species, genus, and family level models available f...

Endangered Species. IUCN Special Report: How and Why We Should Conserve Species.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

IUCN Bulletin, 1987

1987-01-01

Contains articles addressing the need to protect endangered species. Includes an introductory article that stresses the relationships between the loss of species diversity and the future of the human society. Seventeen brief articles follow that deal with specific endangered plants and animals. (TW)

75 FR 67682 - Endangered Species; File No. 15566

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-03

... permit is requested under the authority of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (ESA; 16 U.S.C... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RIN 0648-XA013 Endangered Species; File No. 15566 AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric...

50 CFR 224.102 - Permits for endangered marine and anadromous species.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 9 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Permits for endangered marine and anadromous species. 224.102 Section 224.102 Wildlife and Fisheries NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE, NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE MARINE MAMMALS ENDANGERED MARINE...

75 FR 5015 - Endangered and Threatened Species; Public Hearing Notification

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-02-01

... designation for the endangered leatherback sea turtle, which was published in the Federal Register on January...-AX06 Endangered and Threatened Species; Public Hearing Notification AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries... addressed to: David Cottingham, Chief, Marine Mammal and Sea Turtle Conservation Division, by any of the...

50 CFR 224.102 - Permits for endangered marine and anadromous species.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 10 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Permits for endangered marine and anadromous species. 224.102 Section 224.102 Wildlife and Fisheries NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE, NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE MARINE MAMMALS ENDANGERED MARINE...

50 CFR 424.17 - Time limits and required actions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS SUBCHAPTER A LISTING ENDANGERED AND THREATENED SPECIES AND DESIGNATING CRITICAL HABITAT Revision of the Lists § 424.17 Time limits and... whether a species is an endangered or threatened species, or to designate or revise critical habitat, the...

50 CFR 424.17 - Time limits and required actions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS SUBCHAPTER A LISTING ENDANGERED AND THREATENED SPECIES AND DESIGNATING CRITICAL HABITAT Revision of the Lists § 424.17 Time limits and... whether a species is an endangered or threatened species, or to designate or revise critical habitat, the...

California Endangered Species Resource Guide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

California State Dept. of Education, Los Angeles.

This document was developed in response to California Senate Bill No. 885, "The Endangered Species Education Project," that called for a statewide program in which schools adopt a local endangered species, research past and current efforts to preserve the species' habitat, develop and implement an action plan to educate the community…

Endangered Plants in Oregon and Washington.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Love, Rhoda M.

1985-01-01

Presents a partial list of the 132 Oregon and Washington plants which have been proposed for federal protection under the Endangered Species Act. Suggestions for student/citizen involvement in preserving these species and a description of a videotape about rare/endangered species of the Willamette Valley (Oregon) are included. (DH)

36 CFR 223.241 - Disposal of seized special forest products.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...: (a) Listed or proposed for listing as threatened or endangered under the Endangered Species Act; (b) Identified as prohibited for sale or trade under the Convention on Internal Trade in Endangered Species; or (c) Listed on the Regional Forester's sensitive plant list, species of concern list, or species of...

43 CFR 3802.1-5 - Plan approval.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) or section 7 of the Endangered Species Act is needed. Periods... or compliance with section 106 of NHPA or section 7 of the Endangered Species Act, operations under... NHPA or section 7 of the Endangered Species Act, the plan of operations shall not be approved until the...

50 CFR 21.47 - Depredation order for double-crested cormorants at aquaculture facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... under the Endangered Species Act to the Service. (i) To protect wood storks and bald eagles, the following conservation measures must be observed within any geographic area where Endangered Species Act... from the control activities in a geographical area where Endangered Species Act protection applies to...

21 CFR 25.21 - Extraordinary circumstances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... environment; and (b) Actions that adversely affect a species or the critical habitat of a species determined under the Endangered Species Act or the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna to be endangered or threatened or wild flora or fauna that are entitled to special...

Dealing with Endangered Species Issues on Private Lands.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thigpen, Jack

1995-01-01

A Travis County (Texas) survey of 1,270 landowners received 480 responses. Most respondents expected a large decline in agricultural land use and an increase in use for endangered species and wildlife habitats. Most were interested in educational programs but were unaware of provisions of the Endangered Species Act. (SK)

50 CFR 81.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... include: (1) A Cooperative Agreement entered into pursuant to section 6(c) of the Endangered Species Act... Endangered Species Act of 1973 are no longer necessary. Such methods and procedures include, but are not... constitute a pest whose protection under the provisions of The Endangered Species Act of 1973 would present...

21 CFR 25.21 - Extraordinary circumstances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... environment; and (b) Actions that adversely affect a species or the critical habitat of a species determined under the Endangered Species Act or the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna to be endangered or threatened or wild flora or fauna that are entitled to special...

50 CFR 23.1 - What are the purposes of these regulations and CITES?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

...), implement CITES through the Endangered Species Act (ESA). ... ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA (CITES) Introduction § 23.1 What are the purposes of these... Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, also known as CITES, the Convention, the Treaty, or...

50 CFR 23.1 - What are the purposes of these regulations and CITES?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

...), implement CITES through the Endangered Species Act (ESA). ... ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA (CITES) Introduction § 23.1 What are the purposes of these... Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, also known as CITES, the Convention, the Treaty, or...

50 CFR 81.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... include: (1) A Cooperative Agreement entered into pursuant to section 6(c) of the Endangered Species Act... Endangered Species Act of 1973 are no longer necessary. Such methods and procedures include, but are not... constitute a pest whose protection under the provisions of The Endangered Species Act of 1973 would present...

21 CFR 25.21 - Extraordinary circumstances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... environment; and (b) Actions that adversely affect a species or the critical habitat of a species determined under the Endangered Species Act or the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna to be endangered or threatened or wild flora or fauna that are entitled to special...

43 CFR 3802.1-5 - Plan approval.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) or section 7 of the Endangered Species Act is needed. Periods... or compliance with section 106 of NHPA or section 7 of the Endangered Species Act, operations under... NHPA or section 7 of the Endangered Species Act, the plan of operations shall not be approved until the...

21 CFR 25.21 - Extraordinary circumstances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... environment; and (b) Actions that adversely affect a species or the critical habitat of a species determined under the Endangered Species Act or the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna to be endangered or threatened or wild flora or fauna that are entitled to special...

Cryopreservation of sperm of the endangered gila trout, Oncorhynchus gilae

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Gila trout, Oncorhynchus gilae, are native to the headwaters of the Gila River drainage in New Mexico and Arizona and the headwaters of the Verde River drainage in Arizona. The species is currently protected as endangered under the Endangered Species Act. Cryopreservation of sperm is now a widely us...

50 CFR 81.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... include: (1) A Cooperative Agreement entered into pursuant to section 6(c) of the Endangered Species Act... Endangered Species Act of 1973 are no longer necessary. Such methods and procedures include, but are not... constitute a pest whose protection under the provisions of The Endangered Species Act of 1973 would present...

77 FR 12567 - Proposed Information Collection; Comment Request; Submission of Conservation Efforts To Make...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-01

... Endangered Species Act AGENCY: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Commerce. ACTION... threatened or endangered under the Endangered Species Act. The efforts usually involve the development of a... on proposed and/or continuing information collections, as required by the Paperwork Reduction Act of...

50 CFR 81.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... include: (1) A Cooperative Agreement entered into pursuant to section 6(c) of the Endangered Species Act... Endangered Species Act of 1973 are no longer necessary. Such methods and procedures include, but are not... constitute a pest whose protection under the provisions of The Endangered Species Act of 1973 would present...

36 CFR 223.219 - Sustainable harvest of special forest products.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... on historical information. (b) Harvest of protected species. The sale or free use of special forest products listed or proposed for listing as endangered or threatened under the Endangered Species Act is... on International Trade in Endangered Species may be authorized. (c) Monitoring of established harvest...