Sample records for energy programme vol

  1. Electrical stimulation superimposed onto voluntary muscular contraction.

    PubMed

    Paillard, Thierry; Noé, Frédéric; Passelergue, Philippe; Dupui, Philippe

    2005-01-01

    Electrical stimulation (ES) reverses the order of recruitment of motor units (MU) observed with voluntary muscular contraction (VOL) since under ES, large MU are recruited before small MU. The superimposition of ES onto VOL (superimposed technique: application of an electrical stimulus during a voluntary muscle action) can theoretically activate more motor units than VOL performed alone, which can engender an increase of the contraction force. Two superimposed techniques can be used: (i) the twitch interpolation technique (ITT), which consists of interjecting an electrical stimulus onto the muscle nerve; and (ii) the percutaneous superimposed electrical stimulation technique (PST), where the stimulation is applied to the muscle belly. These two superimposed techniques can be used to evaluate the ability to fully activate a muscle. They can thus be employed to distinguish the central or peripheral nature of fatigue after exhausting exercise. In general, whatever the technique employed, the superimposition of ES onto volitional exercise does not recruit more MU than VOL, except with eccentric actions. Nevertheless, the neuromuscular response associated with the use of the superimposed technique (ITT and PST) depends on the parameter of the superimposed current. The sex and the training level of the subjects can also modify the physiological impact of the superimposed technique. Although the motor control differs drastically between training with ES and VOL, the integration of the superimposed technique in training programmes with healthy subjects does not reveal significant benefits compared with programmes performed only with voluntary exercises. Nevertheless, in a therapeutic context, training programmes using ES superimposition compensate volume and muscle strength deficit with more efficiency than programmes using VOL or ES separately.

  2. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Gorton, Ian

    As the sun slowly sets of this first decade of the new millenium, it seems appropriate to update the sojourn of the real programmers as they adapt to their ever changing technical and business environment. Real Programmers were perfectly characterized and differentiated from their quiche-eating, Pascal programming brethren in Ed Post’s seminal “Real Programmers Don’t Use Pascal” (Datamation, 1983). My follow-up ("Real programmers do use Delphi," Software, IEEE , vol.12, no.6, pp.8, 10, 12-, Nov 1995) charted their evolution from FORTRAN-only programmers to embracing a wider range of mainstream languages and tools that still afforded ample opportunity for creativity, game-playing,more » irregular work hours, and importantly, long-term job security.« less

  3. Numerical Simulation of Hypersonic Aerodynamics and the Computational Needs for the Design of an Aerospace Plane

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1992-01-01

    2-layer algebraic eddy Lawrence flow, 150corner implicit (lacCormack, viscosity (Baldwin and et al. at M = 14.1 1982) Lomax, 1978) (1987) 5) NASA...for Turbulence Research NASA Ames/Stanford Summer Programme," Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 190, pp. 375-392. Hussain, A.KM.F., (1986): "Coherent...the development of a Reynolds- stress turbulence closure," Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 68, pp. 537-566. Lawrence , S. L., and A. Balakrishnan (1988

  4. Towards a Theoretical Basis for Energy Economics.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1980-08-01

    of Exhaustion, Journal of Political Economy, Vol 7, 1967, pp 274-286 Grassmann, P, Energie und Exergie , Brennstoff-Wdrme-Kraft, Vol 13, 1961, pp 482...Availability and Irreversibility in Thermo- dynamics, British Journal of Applied Physics, Vol 2, 1951, pp 183-192 Koefoed, J, Thermal Exergy and its...of thermodynamics and for attaching an economic value (a price) to energy in different qualities. It is ’ shown that exergy (potential amount of work

  5. 76 FR 20784 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Chicago Board Options Exchange, Incorporated; Notice of Filing of...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-04-13

    ... Brazil Index Fund (``EWZ''), the Market Vectors Gold Miners ETF (``GDX''), and the Energy Select Sector... volatility.\\6\\ \\6\\ CBOE will be the reporting authority for any Vol Index. CBOE will compute values for Vol... price or the calculated forward value of the respective Vol index. Transactions in Vol Index options may...

  6. Simultaneous Vibration Suppression and Energy Harvesting

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2013-08-15

    D.J., 2011. “Modeling and Analysis of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting from Aeroelastic Vibrations Using the Doublet-Lattice Method,” ASME Journal...Friswell, M. I., and Inman, D. J., 2009, “ Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting from Broadband Random Vibrations ,” Smart Materials and Structures, Vol. 18...and Electrode Configuration on Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting from Cantilevered Beams,” ASME Journal of Vibration and Acoustics, Vol. 131, No. 1, pp

  7. Fuel-Cell-Powered Vehicle with Hybrid Power Management

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Eichenberg, Dennis J.

    2010-01-01

    Figure 1 depicts a hybrid electric utility vehicle that is powered by hydrogenburning proton-exchange-membrane (PEM) fuel cells operating in conjunction with a metal hydride hydrogen-storage unit. Unlike conventional hybrid electric vehicles, this vehicle utilizes ultracapacitors, rather than batteries, for storing electric energy. This vehicle is a product of continuing efforts to develop the technological discipline known as hybrid power management (HPM), which is oriented toward integration of diverse electric energy-generating, energy-storing, and energy- consuming devices in optimal configurations. Instances of HPM were reported in five prior NASA Tech Briefs articles, though not explicitly labeled as HPM in the first three articles: "Ultracapacitors Store Energy in a Hybrid Electric Vehicle" (LEW-16876), Vol. 24, No. 4 (April 2000), page 63; "Photovoltaic Power Station With Ultracapacitors for Storage" (LEW- 17177), Vol. 27, No. 8 (August 2003), page 38; "Flasher Powered by Photovoltaic Cells and Ultracapacitors" (LEW-17246), Vol. 27, No. 10 (October 2003), page 37; "Hybrid Power Management" (LEW-17520), Vol. 29, No. 12 (December 2005), page 35; and "Ultracapacitor-Powered Cordless Drill" (LEW-18116-1), Vol. 31, No. 8 (August 2007), page 34. To recapitulate from the cited prior articles: The use of ultracapacitors as energy- storage devices lies at the heart of HPM. An ultracapacitor is an electrochemical energy-storage device, but unlike in a conventional rechargeable electrochemical cell or battery, chemical reactions do not take place during operation. Instead, energy is stored electrostatically at an electrode/electrolyte interface. The capacitance per unit volume of an ultracapacitor is much greater than that of a conventional capacitor because its electrodes have much greater surface area per unit volume and the separation between the electrodes is much smaller.

  8. Evaluation of Gene Modification Strategies for the Development of Low-Alcohol-Wine Yeasts

    PubMed Central

    Kutyna, D. R.; Solomon, M. R.; Black, C. A.; Borneman, A.; Henschke, P. A.; Pretorius, I. S.; Chambers, P. J.

    2012-01-01

    Saccharomyces cerevisiae has evolved a highly efficient strategy for energy generation which maximizes ATP energy production from sugar. This adaptation enables efficient energy generation under anaerobic conditions and limits competition from other microorganisms by producing toxic metabolites, such as ethanol and CO2. Yeast fermentative and flavor capacity forms the biotechnological basis of a wide range of alcohol-containing beverages. Largely as a result of consumer demand for improved flavor, the alcohol content of some beverages like wine has increased. However, a global trend has recently emerged toward lowering the ethanol content of alcoholic beverages. One option for decreasing ethanol concentration is to use yeast strains able to divert some carbon away from ethanol production. In the case of wine, we have generated and evaluated a large number of gene modifications that were predicted, or known, to impact ethanol formation. Using the same yeast genetic background, 41 modifications were assessed. Enhancing glycerol production by increasing expression of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene, GPD1, was the most efficient strategy to lower ethanol concentration. However, additional modifications were needed to avoid negatively affecting wine quality. Two strains carrying several stable, chromosomally integrated modifications showed significantly lower ethanol production in fermenting grape juice. Strain AWRI2531 was able to decrease ethanol concentrations from 15.6% (vol/vol) to 13.2% (vol/vol), whereas AWRI2532 lowered ethanol content from 15.6% (vol/vol) to 12% (vol/vol) in both Chardonnay and Cabernet Sauvignon juices. Both strains, however, produced high concentrations of acetaldehyde and acetoin, which negatively affect wine flavor. Further modifications of these strains allowed reduction of these metabolites. PMID:22729542

  9. SolTrace Publications | Concentrating Solar Power | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    : International Solar Energy Conference, 15-18 March 2003, Kohala Coast, Hawaii. New York: American Society of ;General Ray-Tracing Procedure," Journal of the Optical Society of America, Vol. 52, June, pp. 672-678 Brightness Profiles," Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, Vol. 124, May, pp. 198-204. Steele, C.R

  10. India Renewable Integration Study | Energy Analysis | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    India Renewable Integration Study India Renewable Integration Study An NREL grid integration study Energy into India's Electric Grid Vol. I-National Study and Vol. II-Regional Study resolves many system modeling, the study explored operational impacts of meeting India's 2022 targets and identified

  11. Isothermal reduction kinetics of Panzhihua ilmenite concentrate under 30vol% CO-70vol% N2 atmosphere

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhang, Ying-yi; Lü, Wei; Lü, Xue-wei; Li, Sheng-ping; Bai, Chen-guang; Song, Bing; Han, Ke-xi

    2017-03-01

    The reduction of ilmenite concentrate in 30vol% CO-70vol% N2 atmosphere was characterized by thermogravimetric and differential thermogravimetric (TG-DTG) analysis methods at temperatures from 1073 to 1223 K. The isothermal reduction results show that the reduction process comprised two stages; the corresponding apparent activation energy was obtained by the iso-conversional and model-fitting methods. For the first stage, the effect of temperature on the conversion degree was not obvious, the phase boundary chemical reaction was the controlling step, with an apparent activation energy of 15.55-40.71 kJ·mol-1. For the second stage, when the temperatures was greater than 1123 K, the reaction rate and the conversion degree increased sharply with increasing temperature, and random nucleation and subsequent growth were the controlling steps, with an apparent activation energy ranging from 182.33 to 195.95 kJ·mol-1. For the whole reduction process, the average activation energy and pre-exponential factor were 98.94-118.33 kJ·mol-1 and 1.820-1.816 min-1, respectively.

  12. Electra: Repetitively Pulsed 700 J, 100 ns Electron Beam Pumped KrF Laser

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2006-05-01

    the Inertial Fusion Energy (IFE) requirements for durability, efficiency, and cost. The technologies developed on Electra should be directly scalable...and S. Searles, "Electron beam pumped krypton fluoride lasers for fusion energy ," Proc. IEEE, vol. 92, pp. 1043-1056, July 2004. [2] M.C. Myers, J.D...34Repetitively pulsed, high energy KrF lasers for inertial fusion energy ," Nucl. Fusion, vol. 44, pp. S247-S253, November 2004. [3] J.D. Sethian, M

  13. Thermal Loading of Thin Metal Foils Used as Electron Beam Windows for a KRF Laser

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2005-06-01

    the Inertial Fusion Energy (IFE) requirements for durability, efficiency, and cost. One of the challenging laser components is the pressure foil that...R. Welch, D. V. Rose, and S. Searles, "Electron beam pumped krypton fluoride lasers for fusion energy ," Proc. IEEE, vol. 92, pp. 1043-1056, July...D. Weidenheimer, and D. V. Rose, "Repetitively pulsed, high energy KrF lasers for inertial fusion energy ," Nucl. Fusion, vol. 44, pp. S247-S253

  14. 78 FR 151 - Energy Conservation Program: Test Procedures for Residential Clothes Dryers

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-01-02

    ... controls shall be no more than 2 percent when testing with the DOE test load to be representative of... Vol. 78 Wednesday, No. 1 January 2, 2013 Part II Department of Energy 10 CFR Parts 429 and 430... Register / Vol. 78 , No. 1 / Wednesday, January 2, 2013 / Proposed Rules#0;#0; [[Page 152

  15. Connect, UNESCO-UNEP Environmental Education Newsletter, Vol. IX, No. 1. March 1984. Publications of the International Environmental Education Programme.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Connect, 1984

    1984-01-01

    This newsletter describes eight International Environmental Education Program publications and lists titles of five others to be published. The goal of these publications (including sourcebooks and learning modules) is to provide individuals and institutions with the educational content and pedagogical guidelines permitting effective promotion and…

  16. Integrating segmentation methods from the Insight Toolkit into a visualization application.

    PubMed

    Martin, Ken; Ibáñez, Luis; Avila, Lisa; Barré, Sébastien; Kaspersen, Jon H

    2005-12-01

    The Insight Toolkit (ITK) initiative from the National Library of Medicine has provided a suite of state-of-the-art segmentation and registration algorithms ideally suited to volume visualization and analysis. A volume visualization application that effectively utilizes these algorithms provides many benefits: it allows access to ITK functionality for non-programmers, it creates a vehicle for sharing and comparing segmentation techniques, and it serves as a visual debugger for algorithm developers. This paper describes the integration of image processing functionalities provided by the ITK into VolView, a visualization application for high performance volume rendering. A free version of this visualization application is publicly available and is available in the online version of this paper. The process for developing ITK plugins for VolView according to the publicly available API is described in detail, and an application of ITK VolView plugins to the segmentation of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms (AAAs) is presented. The source code of the ITK plugins is also publicly available and it is included in the online version.

  17. The Electra KRF Laser System

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2007-06-01

    the Naval Research Laboratory used to advance the technology towards a KrF laser driver for inertial fusion energy [1-7]. Electra consists of two e...krypton fluoride lasers for fusion energy ," Proc. IEEE, vol. 92, pp. 1043-1056, July 2004. [2] M. C. Myers, J. D. Sethian, J. L. Giuliani, R. Lehmberg...KrF lasers for inertial fusion energy ," Nucl. Fusion, vol. 44, pp. S247-S253, Nov. 2004. [3] J. D. Sethian, M. Friedman, R. H. Lehmberg, M. Myers

  18. Scalloped Hibachi and Vacuum-Pressure Foil for Electra: Electron Beam Pumped KrF Laser

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2007-06-01

    confinement fusion energy (IFE) applications [1-8]. The foils are a critical part of this durability and efficiency. The electron beam, generated in a high...and A. W. Maschke, “Design descriptions of the Prometheus- L and -H inertial fusion energy drivers,” Fusion Engineering and Design, vol. 25, pp...inertial fusion energy ,” Fusion Engineering and Design, vol. 44, pp. 371-375, March 1999. [4] I. Okuda, e. Takahashi, and Y. Owadano, “A

  19. Beale selected for Resilient Energy Demonstration Initiative > U.S. Air

    Science.gov Websites

    the CMSAF The Book Speeches Archive Former AF Top 3 Viewpoints and Speeches Air Force Warrior Games Games Portraits in Courage Portraits In Courage Vol. I Portraits In Courage Vol. II Portraits In Courage

  20. Creation and Optimization of Novel Solar Cell Power via Bimaterial Piezoelectric MEMS Device

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2011-12-01

    piezoelectric mechanical vibration energy harvesters ,” Integrated Ferroelectrics, vol. 71, pp. 121–160, 2005. [32] Y. C. Shu, I. C. Lien, “Efficiency of...energy conversion for a piezoelectric power harvesting system.” Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, vol. 16, pp. 2429–2438, 2006. [33] C. D...maximum efficiency for piezoelectric vibrations occurs at the natural, or resonant, frequency for the referenced material. If the alternative

  1. Steady-State and Dynamic Desorption of Organic Vapor From Activated Carbon With Electrothermal Swing Adsorption

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2007-06-01

    41, 5063-5069 10.1021/es0703022 CCC: $37.00  2007 American Chemical Society VOL. 41, NO. 14, 2007 / ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 9 5063...system. 5064 9 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY / VOL. 41, NO. 14, 2007 occurred with variable pre-defined set-points ranging from 250 to 5000 ppmv...and (d) power and cumulative energy deposited to the ACFC. 5066 9 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY / VOL. 41, NO. 14, 2007 (Figure 4). Maximum

  2. Soft computing analysis of the possible correlation between temporal and energy release patterns in seismic activity

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Konstantaras, Anthony; Katsifarakis, Emmanouil; Artzouxaltzis, Xristos; Makris, John; Vallianatos, Filippos; Varley, Martin

    2010-05-01

    This paper is a preliminary investigation of the possible correlation of temporal and energy release patterns of seismic activity involving the preparation processes of consecutive sizeable seismic events [1,2]. The background idea is that during periods of low-level seismic activity, stress processes in the crust accumulate energy at the seismogenic area whilst larger seismic events act as a decongesting mechanism releasing considerable energy [3,4]. A dynamic algorithm is being developed aiming to identify and cluster pre- and post- seismic events to the main earthquake following on research carried out by Zubkov [5] and Dobrovolsky [6,7]. This clustering technique along with energy release equations dependent on Richter's scale [8,9] allow for an estimate to be drawn regarding the amount of the energy being released by the seismic sequence. The above approach is being implemented as a monitoring tool to investigate the behaviour of the underlying energy management system by introducing this information to various neural [10,11] and soft computing models [1,12,13,14]. The incorporation of intelligent systems aims towards the detection and simulation of the possible relationship between energy release patterns and time-intervals among consecutive sizeable earthquakes [1,15]. Anticipated successful training of the imported intelligent systems may result in a real-time, on-line processing methodology [1,16] capable to dynamically approximate the time-interval between the latest and the next forthcoming sizeable seismic event by monitoring the energy release process in a specific seismogenic area. Indexing terms: pattern recognition, long-term earthquake precursors, neural networks, soft computing, earthquake occurrence intervals References [1] Konstantaras A., Vallianatos F., Varley M.R. and Makris J. P.: ‘Soft computing modelling of seismicity in the southern Hellenic arc', IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, vol. 5 (3), pp. 323-327, 2008 [2] Eneva M. and Ben-Zion Y.: ‘Techniques and parameters to analyze seismicity patterns associated with large earthquakes', Geophysics Res., vol. 102, pp. 17785-17795, 1997a [3] Habermann R. E.: ‘Precursory seismic quiescence: past, present and future', Pure Applied Geophysics, vol. 126, pp. 279-318, 1988 [4] Matthews M. V. and Reasenberg P. A.: ‘Statistical methods for investigating quiescence and other temporal seismicity patterns', Pure Applied Geophysics, vol. 126, pp. 357-372, 1988 [5] Zubkov S. I.: ‘The appearance times of earthquake precursors', Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR Fiz. Zemli (Solid Earth), No. 5, pp. 87-91, 1987 [6] Dobrovolsky I. P., Zubkov S. I. and Miachkin V. I.: ‘Estimation of the size of earthquake preparation zones', Pageoph, vol. 117, pp. 1025-1044, 1979 [7] Dobrovolsky I. P., Gershenzon N. I. And Gokhberg M. B.: ‘Theory of electrokinetic effects occurring at the final stage in the preparation of a tectonic earthquake', Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, vol. 57, pp. 144-156, 1989 [8] Richter C. F.: ‘Elementary Seismology', W.H.Freeman and Co., San Francisco, 1958 [9] Choy G. L. and Boatwright J. L.: ‘Global patterns of radiated seismic energy and apparent stress', Journal of Geophysical Research, vol. 84 (B5), pp. 2348-2350, 1995 [10] Haykin S.: ‘Neural Networks', 2nd Edition, Prentice Hall, 1999 [11] Jang J., Sun T. and Mizutany E.: ‘Neuro-fuzzy and soft computing', Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 1997 [12] Konstantaras A., Varley M.R., Vallianatos F., Collins G. and Holifield P.: ‘Detection of weak seismo-electric signals upon the recordings of the electrotelluric field by means of neuron-fuzzy technology', IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, vol. 4 (1), 2007 [13] Konstantaras A., Varley M.R., Vallianatos F., Collins G. and Holifield P.: ‘Neuro-fuzzy prediction-based adaptive filtering applied to severely distorted magnetic field recordings', IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, vol. 3 (4), 2006 [14] Maravelakis E., Bilalis N., Keith J. and Antoniadis A.: ‘Measuring and Benchmarking the Innovativeness of SME's: a three dimensional Fuzzy Logic Approach', Production Planning and Control Journal, vol. 17 (3), pp. 283-292, 2006 [15] Bodri B.: ‘A neural-network model for earthquake occurrence', Geodynamics, vol. 32, pp. 289-310, 2001 [16] Skounakis E., Karagiannis V. and Vlissidis A.: ‘A Versatile System for Real-time Analyzing and Testing Objects Quality', Proceedings-CD of the 4th International Conference on "New Horizons in Industry, Business and Education" (NHIBE 2005), Corfu, Greece, pp. 701-708, 2005

  3. A Comprehensive Study on Damage Tolerance Properties of Notched Composite Laminates.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1988-02-01

    of Applied Mechanics, Vol. 46, pp. 90-96, the strain energy release rate. 1979. [14] F. Delae and F. Erdogan , "Bosid,;d Orlhotropic REFERENCES Strips...with Cracks", Int. J. of Fracture, Vol. 15, [1] F. Erdogan and G.C. Sih, "On the Crack Extension in pp.33-364,1979. Plates Under Plane Loading and...1987. Vol. 34, pp. 967-974, 1967. (17] F. Erdogan , "Mixed Boundary-VL..t; Problems in [4] B. Cotterell, "The Influence of the Stress Distribution

  4. Structure of the Extended Emission in the Infrared Celestial Background,

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1986-09-30

    the energy cascade to smaller sizes due to turbulence. Such a steep function would predict little energy in microfilaments at the resolution of a meter...Neugebauer, H.H. Aumann, N. Boggess, J.P. Emerson, J.R. Fuck , B.T. Soifer and R.G. Walker, "IRAS Observations of the Diffuse Infrared Background", Astrophys. J...Astrcphys., Vol. 100, 116, 1981. " 80. Little , S.J. and S.D. Price, "Infrared Mapping of the Galactic Plane. IV. The Galactic Center", Astron. J., Vol

  5. Greening the Grid: Pathways to Integrate 175 Gigawatts of Renewable Energy into India's Electric Grid, Regional Study: Gujarat

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Cochran, Jaquelin M; Palchak, Joseph D; Ehlen, Annaliese K

    This chapter on Andhra Pradesh is one of six state chapters included in Appendix C of 'Greening the Grid: Pathways to Integrate 175 Gigawatts of Renewable Energy into India's Electric Grid, Vol. II - Regional Study' (the Regional Study). The objective of the state chapters is to provide modeling assumptions, results, and next steps to use and improve the model specific to each state. The model has inherent uncertainties, particularly in how the intrastate transmission network and RE generation projects will develop (e.g., locations, capacities). The model also does not include information on contracts or must-run status of particular plantsmore » for reliability purposes. By providing details on the higher spatial resolution model of 'Greening the Grid: Pathways to Integrate 175 Gigawatts of Renewable Energy into India's Electric Grid, Vol. II - Regional Study' (the Regional Study), which better represents the impact of congestion on least-cost scheduling and dispatch, provides a deeper understanding of the relationship among renewable energy (RE) location, transmission, and system flexibility with regard to RE integration, compared to 'Greening the Grid: Pathways to Integrate 175 Gigawatts of Renewable Energy into India's Electric Grid, Vol. I - National Study.'« less

  6. Greening the Grid: Pathways to Integrate 175 Gigawatts of Renewable Energy into India's Electric Grid, Regional Study: Tamil Nadu

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Cochran, Jaquelin M; Palchak, Joseph D; Ehlen, Annaliese K

    This chapter on Tamil Nadu is one of six state chapters included in Appendix C of 'Greening the Grid: Pathways to Integrate 175 Gigawatts of Renewable Energy into India's Electric Grid, Vol. II - Regional Study' (the Regional Study). The objective of the state chapters is to provide modeling assumptions, results, and next steps to use and improve the model specific to each state. The model has inherent uncertainties, particularly in how the intrastate transmission network and RE generation projects will develop (e.g., locations, capacities). The model also does not include information on contracts or must-run status of particular plantsmore » for reliability purposes. By providing details on the higher spatial resolution model of 'Greening the Grid: Pathways to Integrate 175 Gigawatts of Renewable Energy into India's Electric Grid, Vol. II - Regional Study' (the Regional Study), which better represents the impact of congestion on least-cost scheduling and dispatch, provides a deeper understanding of the relationship among renewable energy (RE) location, transmission, and system flexibility with regard to RE integration, compared to 'Greening the Grid: Pathways to Integrate 175 Gigawatts of Renewable Energy into India's Electric Grid, Vol. I - National Study.'« less

  7. Greening the Grid: Pathways to Integrate 175 Gigawatts of Renewable Energy into India's Electric Grid, Regional Study: Rajasthan

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Cochran, Jaquelin M; Palchak, Joseph D; Ehlen, Annaliese K

    This chapter on Andhra Pradesh is one of six state chapters included in Appendix C of 'Greening the Grid: Pathways to Integrate 175 Gigawatts of Renewable Energy into India's Electric Grid, Vol. II - Regional Study' (the Regional Study). The objective of the state chapters is to provide modeling assumptions, results, and next steps to use and improve the model specific to each state. The model has inherent uncertainties, particularly in how the intrastate transmission network and RE generation projects will develop (e.g., locations, capacities). The model also does not include information on contracts or must-run status of particular plantsmore » for reliability purposes. By providing details on the higher spatial resolution model of 'Greening the Grid: Pathways to Integrate 175 Gigawatts of Renewable Energy into India's Electric Grid, Vol. II - Regional Study' (the Regional Study), which better represents the impact of congestion on least-cost scheduling and dispatch, provides a deeper understanding of the relationship among renewable energy (RE) location, transmission, and system flexibility with regard to RE integration, compared to 'Greening the Grid: Pathways to Integrate 175 Gigawatts of Renewable Energy into India's Electric Grid, Vol. I - National Study.'« less

  8. Greening the Grid: Pathways to Integrate 175 Gigawatts of Renewable Energy into India's Electric Grid, Regional Study: Andhra Pradesh

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Cochran, Jaquelin M; Palchak, Joseph D; Ehlen, Annaliese K

    This chapter on Andhra Pradesh is one of six state chapters included in Appendix C of 'Greening the Grid: Pathways to Integrate 175 Gigawatts of Renewable Energy into India's Electric Grid, Vol. II - Regional Study' (the Regional Study). The objective of the state chapters is to provide modeling assumptions, results, and next steps to use and improve the model specific to each state. The model has inherent uncertainties, particularly in how the intrastate transmission network and RE generation projects will develop (e.g., locations, capacities). The model also does not include information on contracts or must-run status of particular plantsmore » for reliability purposes. By providing details on the higher spatial resolution model of 'Greening the Grid: Pathways to Integrate 175 Gigawatts of Renewable Energy into India's Electric Grid, Vol. II - Regional Study' (the Regional Study), which better represents the impact of congestion on least-cost scheduling and dispatch, provides a deeper understanding of the relationship among renewable energy (RE) location, transmission, and system flexibility with regard to RE integration, compared to 'Greening the Grid: Pathways to Integrate 175 Gigawatts of Renewable Energy into India's Electric Grid, Vol. I - National Study.'« less

  9. Greening the Grid: Pathways to Integrate 175 Gigawatts of Renewable Energy into India's Electric Grid, Regional Study: Karnataka

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Cochran, Jaquelin M; Palchak, Joseph D; Ehlen, Annaliese K

    This chapter on Andhra Pradesh is one of six state chapters included in Appendix C of 'Greening the Grid: Pathways to Integrate 175 Gigawatts of Renewable Energy into India's Electric Grid, Vol. II - Regional Study' (the Regional Study). The objective of the state chapters is to provide modeling assumptions, results, and next steps to use and improve the model specific to each state. The model has inherent uncertainties, particularly in how the intrastate transmission network and RE generation projects will develop (e.g., locations, capacities). The model also does not include information on contracts or must-run status of particular plantsmore » for reliability purposes. By providing details on the higher spatial resolution model of 'Greening the Grid: Pathways to Integrate 175 Gigawatts of Renewable Energy into India's Electric Grid, Vol. II - Regional Study' (the Regional Study), which better represents the impact of congestion on least-cost scheduling and dispatch, provides a deeper understanding of the relationship among renewable energy (RE) location, transmission, and system flexibility with regard to RE integration, compared to 'Greening the Grid: Pathways to Integrate 175 Gigawatts of Renewable Energy into India's Electric Grid, Vol. I - National Study.'« less

  10. Greening the Grid: Pathways to Integrate 175 Gigawatts of Renewable Energy into India's Electric Grid, Regional Study: Maharashtra

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Cochran, Jaquelin M; Palchak, Joseph D; Ehlen, Annaliese K

    This chapter on Andhra Pradesh is one of six state chapters included in Appendix C of 'Greening the Grid: Pathways to Integrate 175 Gigawatts of Renewable Energy into India's Electric Grid, Vol. II - Regional Study' (the Regional Study). The objective of the state chapters is to provide modeling assumptions, results, and next steps to use and improve the model specific to each state. The model has inherent uncertainties, particularly in how the intrastate transmission network and RE generation projects will develop (e.g., locations, capacities). The model also does not include information on contracts or must-run status of particular plantsmore » for reliability purposes. By providing details on the higher spatial resolution model of 'Greening the Grid: Pathways to Integrate 175 Gigawatts of Renewable Energy into India's Electric Grid, Vol. II - Regional Study' (the Regional Study), which better represents the impact of congestion on least-cost scheduling and dispatch, provides a deeper understanding of the relationship among renewable energy (RE) location, transmission, and system flexibility with regard to RE integration, compared to 'Greening the Grid: Pathways to Integrate 175 Gigawatts of Renewable Energy into India's Electric Grid, Vol. I - National Study.'« less

  11. State Energy Conservation Program Measure Directory. Sourcebook: Volume 8. Part 2 of 2 books

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Not Available

    DOE prepared an 8-volume Sourcebook to provide useful information for states in development and implementation of their Energy Conservation Plans. The purpose of Vol. 8, a 2-book set, is to facilitate exchange of information among states concerning program measures of common interest. DOE/CS--0159/1, Vol. 8, Book 1, announced in EAPA 6: abst. 3475, covered states Alabama through Missouri; this report, Vol. 8, Book 2 begins with Montana and completes the alphabet. Information is summarized also for American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands in the two books. Information on the various programs in each statemore » includes identification data; narrative description of program measure; program measure information; and annual energy savings reported. A cross-reference index is included for agriculture, industry, transportation, buildings, government, legislative/regulatory implementation strategies, general education implementation strategies, specific information implementation strategies, demonstration implementation strategies, administration implementation strategies, and renewable-resource implementation strategies.« less

  12. Analysis of mixing-layer height retrieval methods using backscatter lidar returns and microwave-radiometer temperature observations in the context of synergy

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Saeed, Umar; Rocadenbosch, Francesc

    2017-04-01

    Mixing Layer Height (MLH) is an important parameter in many different atmospheric and meteorological applications. However, there does not exist a single instrument or method which provides accurate and physically consistent estimates of MLH. Instead, there are several methods for MLH estimation based on the measurements of different atmospheric tracers using different instruments [1, 2]. In this work, MLH retrieval methods using backscattered lidar signals and Microwave Radiometer (MWR)-retrieved potential-temperature profiles are compared in terms of their associated uncertainties. The Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is used for MLH retrieval from backscattered lidar signals [3] and parcel method [4] is used for MLH retrieval from MWR-retrieved potential-temperature profiles. Measurement and retrieval errors are revisited and incorporated into the MLH estimation methods used. Uncertainties on MLH estimates from the two methods are compared along with a combined MLH-retrieval discussion case. The uncertainty analysis is validated using long-term lidar and MWR measurement data, under different atmospheric conditions, from the HD(CP)2 Observational Prototype Experiment (HOPE) campaign at Jülich, Germany [5]. MLH estimates from a Doppler wind lidar and radiosondes are used as reference. This work has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme, FP7 People, ITN Marie Curie Actions Programme (2012-2016) in the frame of ITaRS project (GA 289923), H2020 programme under ACTRIS-2 project (GA 654109), the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness - European Regional Development Funds under TEC2015-63832-P project, and from the Generalitat de Catalunya (Grup de Recerca Consolidat) 2014-SGR-583. [1] S. Emeis, Surface-based Remote Sensing of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer. 978-90-481-9339-4, Springer, 2010. [2] P. Seibert, F. Beyrich, S.-E. Gryning, S. Joffre, A. Rasmussen, and P. Tercier, "Review and intercomparison of operational methods for the determination of the mixing height," Atmospheric Environment, vol. 34, pp. 1352-2310, 2000. [3] D. Lange, J. Tiana-Alsina, U. Saeed, S. Tomás, and F. Rocadenbosch, "Atmospheric-boundary-layer height monitoring using a Kalman filter and backscatter lidar returns," IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, vol. 52, no. 8, pp. 4717-4728, 2014. [4] G. Holzworth, "Estimates of mean maximum mixing depths in the contiguous United States," Monthly Weather Review, vol. 92, pp. 235-242, 1964. [5] U. Löhnert, J. H. Schween, C. Acquistapace, K. Ebell, M. Maahn, M. Barrera-Verdejo, A. Hirsikko, B. Bohn, A. Knaps, E. O'Connor, C. Simmer, A. Wahner, and S. Crewell, "JOYCE: Jülich Observatory for Cloud Evolution," Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., vol. 96, no. 7, pp. 1157-1174, 2015.

  13. Energy Efficiency in India: Challenges and Initiatives

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Ajay Mathur

    May 13, 2010 EETD Distinguished Lecture: Ajay Mathur is Director General of the Bureau of Energy Efficiency, and a member of the Prime Minister's Council on Climate Change. As Director General of BEE, Dr. Mathur coordinates the national energy efficiency programme, including the standards and labeling programme for equipment and appliances; the energy conservation building code; the industrial energy efficiency programme, and the DSM programmes in the buildings, lighting, and municipal sectors.

  14. Energy Efficiency in India: Challenges and Initiatives

    ScienceCinema

    Ajay Mathur

    2017-12-09

    May 13, 2010 EETD Distinguished Lecture: Ajay Mathur is Director General of the Bureau of Energy Efficiency, and a member of the Prime Minister's Council on Climate Change. As Director General of BEE, Dr. Mathur coordinates the national energy efficiency programme, including the standards and labeling programme for equipment and appliances; the energy conservation building code; the industrial energy efficiency programme, and the DSM programmes in the buildings, lighting, and municipal sectors.

  15. Programmable Logic Controller Modification Attacks for use in Detection Analysis

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2014-03-27

    and J. Lowe, “The Myths and Facts Behind Cyber Security Risks for Industrial Control Systems ,” in Proceedings of the VDE Kongress, vol. 116, 2004. [13...Feb 2014 Date 20 Feb 2014 Date 20 Feb 2014 Date AFIT-ENG-14-M-66 Abstract Unprotected Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems offer...control and monitor physical industrial processes. Although attacks targeting SCADA systems have increased, there has been little work exploring the

  16. Flight Test Techniques

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1989-01-01

    la Fkace i lintegration et aux eisais des sous-systimes avioniques qui est devenu le nouveau centre dinttrdt des essas en vol.*.es sysitmes avion et...la rnse au point des systimes i forte composante logicielle. Le Symposium a examine ces questions de premidre importance, en commencset Par un toi...d’horizon des differents programmes d’essai civils et militaires. Les demiires methodologies d’essa en dynamjue du v, et en systemes ont diti revues. Un

  17. Stereo, Shading, and Surfaces: Curvature Constraints Couple Neural Computations

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2014-04-23

    Bullier, and J. S. Lund, ‘‘Circuits for local and global signal integration in primary visual cortex,’’ J. Neurosci ., vol. 22, no. 19, pp. 8633–8646...cortex,’’ J. Neurosci ., vol. 17, no. 6, pp. 2112–2127, Mar. 15, 1997. [16] Y. Boykov, O. Veksler, and R. Zabih, ‘‘Fast approximate energy minimization...plasticity: A Hebbian learning rule,’’ Annu. Rev. Neurosci ., vol. 31, pp. 25–46, 2008. [19] V. A. Casagrande and J. H. Kaas, ‘‘The afferent, intrinsic

  18. Turkey’s Iran Card: Energy Cooperation in American and Russian Vortex

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2004-06-01

    Turkey and Iran During the Cold War,” Journal of Third World Studies, Spring 1999, Vol.16, No.1, p.23. 15 imports and 4 % of total exports to Turkey...16 Michael B.Bishku, “Turkey and Iran During the Cold War,” Journal of Third World Studies, Spring 1999, Vol.16, No.1, pp.23-24. 17 Andrew Mango ...result of Ukraine’s usage of the Russian exports to Germany. Therefore, the EU has to diversify its natural gas supply to ensure European energy

  19. Deteriorated Concrete from Liner of WIPP Waste Shaft

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1992-06-01

    for US Department of Energy. Bensted, J. 1989. "Novel Cements - Sorel and Related Chemical Cements," il Cemento , Vol 86, No. 4, pp 217-228. Ben-Yair, M...Waste Isolation Pilot Plant. Massazza, F. 1985. "Concrete Resistance to Sea Water and Marine Environment," il Cemento , Vol 82, No. 1, pp 3-26. Mather

  20. A Secure and Reliable High-Performance Field Programmable Gate Array for Information Processing

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2012-03-01

    receives a data token from its control input (shown as a horizontal arrow above). The value of this data token is used to select an input port. The input...dual of a merge. It receives a data token from its control input (shown as a horizontal arrow above). The value of this data token is used to select...Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Intergrated Circuits and Systems, Vol. 26, No. 2, February 2007. [12] Cadence Design Systems, “Clock Domain

  1. Time-Reversal Based Range Extension Technique for Ultra-Wideband (UWB) Sensors and Applications in Tactical Communications and Networking

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2007-07-16

    issue to find a proper acquisition strategy and to optimize the algorithm. So far a two-stage acquisition algorithm based on the optical orthogonal...vol.5, May 11-15, 2003, pp. 3530-3534. [23] M. Weisenhorn and W. Hirt, "Robust noncoherent receiver exploiting UWB channel properties," in Proc. IEEE...PRF) and data rate, are programmable. I Depending on the propagation environments, either the Barker code or the optical orthogonal codes (OOC) [53

  2. USE Efficiency: an innovative educational programme for energy efficiency in buildings

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Papadopoulos, Theofilos A.; Christoforidis, Georgios C.; Papagiannis, Grigoris K.

    2017-10-01

    Power engineers are expected to play a pivotal role in transforming buildings into smart and energy-efficient structures, which is necessary since buildings are responsible for a considerable amount of the total energy consumption. To fulfil this role, a holistic approach in education is required, tackling subjects traditionally related to other engineering disciplines. In this context, USE Efficiency is an inter-institutional and interdisciplinary educational programme implemented in nine European Universities targeting energy efficiency in buildings. The educational programme effectively links professors, students, engineers and industry experts, creating a unique learning environment. The scope of the paper is to present the methodology and the general framework followed in the USE Efficiency programme. The proposed methodology can be adopted for the design and implementation of educational programmes on energy efficiency and sustainable development in higher education. End-of-course survey results showed positive feedback from the participating students, indicating the success of the programme.

  3. Teaching About Energy. Vol. 2. Units 1 and 2 of the Energy 80 Resource Book.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Enterprise for Education, Santa Monica, CA.

    This document is the second of a three-volume teacher resource book for use with the Energy 80 energy education program. The program is designed to enhance students' understanding of energy, either through supplements to traditional courses, such as mathematics, science, social studies, or homemaking, or by developing a mini-course or…

  4. Teaching About Energy. Vol. 3. Units 3 through 8 of the Energy 80 Resource Book.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Enterprise for Education, Santa Monica, CA.

    This document is the third of a three-volume teacher resource book for use with the Energy 80 energy education program. The program is designed to enhance students' understanding of energy, either through supplements to traditional courses, such as mathematics, science, social studies, or homemaking, or by developing a mini-course or…

  5. Innovative project management on the basis of programme-and-target approach for energy saving in the construction complex

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Mottaeva, Angela

    2017-10-01

    Article is devoted to the consideration of the existing approaches to energy saving. According to the author’s opinion,the system approach is not enough for the achievement of the goal of the increase in energy efficiency and economy of energy, which is quite relevant for the world scientific community today, when the mankind has reached the certain power and ecological threshold. The author reasons the need of programme-and-target approach to energy saving and the increase in energy efficiency of buildings. The problems of the energy saving in current conditions are revealed. The provisional algorithm of the programme-and-target approach to energy efficiency. The expected results from introduction of the programme-and-target approach are presented in the article.

  6. 78 FR 75961 - Energy Conservation Program: Test Procedures for Electric Motors

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-12-13

    ... Conservation Program: Test Procedures for Electric Motors; Final Rule #0;#0;Federal Register / Vol. 78 , No... CFR Part 431 [Docket No. EERE-2012-BT-TP-0043] RIN 1904-AC89 Energy Conservation Program: Test.... ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is amending the energy efficiency test...

  7. EHW Approach to Temperature Compensation of Electronics

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Stoica, Adrian

    2004-01-01

    Efforts are under way to apply the concept of evolvable hardware (EHW) to compensate for variations, with temperature, in the operational characteristics of electronic circuits. To maintain the required functionality of a given circuit at a temperature above or below the nominal operating temperature for which the circuit was originally designed, a new circuit would be evolved; moreover, to obtain the required functionality over a very wide temperature range, there would be evolved a number of circuits, each of which would satisfy the performance requirements over a small part of the total temperature range. The basic concepts and some specific implementations of EHW were described in a number of previous NASA Tech Briefs articles, namely, "Reconfigurable Arrays of Transistors for Evolvable Hardware" (NPO-20078), Vol. 25, No. 2 (February 2001), page 36; Evolutionary Automated Synthesis of Electronic Circuits (NPO- 20535), Vol. 26, No. 7 (July 2002), page 37; "Designing Reconfigurable Antennas Through Hardware Evolution" (NPO-20666), Vol. 26, No. 7 (July 2002), page 38; "Morphing in Evolutionary Synthesis of Electronic Circuits" (NPO-20837), Vol. 26, No. 8 (August 2002), page 31; "Mixtrinsic Evolutionary Synthesis of Electronic Circuits" (NPO-20773) Vol. 26, No. 8 (August 2002), page 32; and "Synthesis of Fuzzy-Logic Circuits in Evolvable Hardware" (NPO-21095) Vol. 26, No. 11 (November 2002), page 38. To recapitulate from the cited prior articles: EHW is characterized as evolutionary in a quasi-genetic sense. The essence of EHW is to construct and test a sequence of populations of circuits that function as incrementally better solutions of a given design problem through the selective, repetitive connection and/or disconnection of capacitors, transistors, amplifiers, inverters, and/or other circuit building blocks. The connection and disconnection can be effected by use of field-programmable transistor arrays (FPTAs). The evolution is guided by a search-andoptimization algorithm (in particular, a genetic algorithm) that operates in the space of possible circuits to find a circuit that exhibits an acceptably close approximation of the desired functionality. The evolved circuits can be tested by mathematical modeling (that is, computational simulation) only, tested in real hardware, or tested in combinations of computational simulation and real hardware.

  8. Dry fermentation of agricultural residues

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Jewell, W. J.; Chandler, J. A.; Dellorto, S.; Fanfoni, K. J.; Fast, S.; Jackson, D.; Kabrick, R. M.

    1981-09-01

    A dry fermentation process is discussed which converts agricultural residues to methane, using the residues in their as produced state. The process appears to simplify and enhance the possibilities for using crop residues as an energy source. The major process variables investigated include temperature, the amount and type of inoculum, buffer requirements, compaction, and pretreatment to control the initial available organic components that create pH problems. A pilot-scale reactor operation on corn stover at a temperature of 550 C, with 25 percent initial total solids, a seed-to-feed ratio of 2.5 percent, and a buffer-to-feed ratio of 8 percent achieved 33 percent total volatile solids destruction in 60 days. Volumetric biogas yields from this unit were greater than 1 vol/vol day for 12 days, and greater than 0.5 vol/vol day for 32 days, at a substrate density of 169 kg/m (3).

  9. Dose equations for tube current modulation in CT scanning and the interpretation of the associated CTDI{sub vol}

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Dixon, Robert L.; Boone, John M.

    2013-11-15

    Purpose: The scanner-reported CTDI{sub vol} for automatic tube current modulation (TCM) has a different physical meaning from the traditional CTDI{sub vol} at constant mA, resulting in the dichotomy “CTDI{sub vol} of the first and second kinds” for which a physical interpretation is sought in hopes of establishing some commonality between the two.Methods: Rigorous equations are derived to describe the accumulated dose distributions for TCM. A comparison with formulae for scanner-reported CTDI{sub vol} clearly identifies the source of their differences. Graphical dose simulations are also provided for a variety of TCM tube current distributions (including constant mA), all having the samemore » scanner-reported CTDI{sub vol}.Results: These convolution equations and simulations show that the local dose at z depends only weakly on the local tube current i(z) due to the strong influence of scatter from all other locations along z, and that the “local CTDI{sub vol}(z)” does not represent a local dose but rather only a relative i(z) ≡ mA(z). TCM is a shift-variant technique to which the CTDI-paradigm does not apply and its application to TCM leads to a CTDI{sub vol} of the second kind which lacks relevance.Conclusions: While the traditional CTDI{sub vol} at constant mA conveys useful information (the peak dose at the center of the scan length), CTDI{sub vol} of the second kind conveys no useful information about the associated TCM dose distribution it purportedly represents and its physical interpretation remains elusive. On the other hand, the total energy absorbed E (“integral dose”) as well as its surrogate DLP remain robust between variable i(z) TCM and constant current i{sub 0} techniques, both depending only on the total mAs = t{sub 0}=i{sub 0} t{sub 0} during the beam-on time t{sub 0}.« less

  10. Turbulent Heating and Fluctuation Characteristics in Alfvenic Turbulence

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Dorland, William

    2005-10-01

    Alfve'n waves are ubiquitous in natural and laboratory plasmas. In this talk, the main focus is on astrophysical plasmas that are turbulent, magnetized, hot and diffuse. The dynamically important characteristics of these plasmas are often well- described by magnetohydrodynamics [see e.g., Ref. 1]. However, much of what we actually observe is critically affected by how much of the turbulent energy is absorbed by (highly radiative) electrons [2], the amplitude of density fluctuations [3], and the spectral indices of turbulent, Alfve'nic cascades. These questions each have essentially kinetic aspects. In this talk, we present detailed simulations and analyses of of the cascade of shear Alfve'n waves, to and through scales comparable to the ion Larmor radius in the direction perpendicular to the magnetic field. We demonstrate analytically and numerically that the nonlinear gyrokinetic equations, originally developed for fusion applications, are perfectly suited to these astrophysical problems. We present extensive linear and nonlinear gyrokinetic simulation results from the GS2 code. We demonstrate accurate resolution of the damping of kinetic Alfve'n waves in plasmas with beta small, large and comparable to unity, for a wide range of electron-to-ion temperature ratios, in linear and nonlinear contexts. We have used the GS2 code to calculate the turbulent energy absorption, density fluctuation characteristics, and spectral indices for plasmas with parameters taken from hot accretion flows and from the interstellar plasma. These results will be compared with theoretical predictions [2] and to observations. Co-authors: S. C. Cowley (UCLA), G. W. Hammett (PPPL), E. Quataert and G. Howes (UC-Berkeley), and A. Scheckochihin (Cambridge) 1. S. Balbus and J. Hawley, Rev Mod Phys, Vol. 70, p. 1. 2. E. Quataert and A. Gruzinov, Ap J, Vol. 520, p. 248; E. Quataert, Ap J, Vol. 500, p. 978.3. Y. Lithwick and P. Goldreich, Ap J, Vol. 562, p. 279.4. P. Goldreich and Sridhar, Ap J, Vol. 438, p. 763; P. Goldreich and Sridhar, Ap J, Vol. 485, p. 680.

  11. Protecting the Moon for research: ILEWG report

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Foing, Bernard H.

    We give a report on recommendations with emphasis on environment protection, and since last COSPAR from ILEWG International conferences Exploration and Utilisation of the Moon on held at Cape Canaveral in 2008 (ICEUM10), and in Beijing in May 2010 with IAF (GLUC -ICEUM11). We discuss the different rationale for Moon exploration, as debated at ILEWG. ILEWG Science task group has listed priorities for scientific investigations: clues on the formation and evolution of rocky planets, accretion and bombardment in the inner solar system, comparative planetology processes (tectonic, volcanic, impact cratering, volatile delivery), records astrobiology, survival of organics; past, present and future life; sciences from a biology lunar laboratory. We discuss how to preserve Moon research potential in these areas while operating with instruments, landers, rover during a cooperative robotic village, and during the transition form lunar human outpost to permanent sustainable human base. We discuss how Moon-Mars Exploration can inspire solutions to global Earth sustained development with the trade-off of In-Situ Utilisation of resources; Establishment of permanent robotic infrastructures, Environmental and planetary protection aspects and lessons for Mars; Life sciences laboratories, and support to human exploration. Co-authors: ILEWG Task Groups on Science, Technology and Human Lunar Bases ILEWG Reference documents: http://sci.esa.int/ilewg -10th ILEWG Conference on Exploration and Utilisation of the Moon, NASA Lunar Ex-ploration Analysis Group-PSace Resources Roundtable, Cape Canaveral October 2008, pro-gramme online at http://sci.esa.int/ilewg/ -9th ILEWG Conference on Exploration and Utilisation of the Moon, ICEUM9 Sorrento 2007, programme online at http://sci.esa.int/ilewg/ -8th ILEWG Conference on Exploration and Utilisation of the Moon, Beijing July 2006, programme online at http://sci.esa.int/ilewg/ -The Moon and Near Earth Objects (P. Ehrenfreund , B.H. Foing, A. Cellino Editors), Ad-vances in Space Research, Volume 37, Issue 1, pp 1-192, 2006 -7th ILEWG Conference on Exploration and Utilisation of the Moon, Toronto Sept 2005, Programme and Proceedings on line at www.ilewg.org, R. Richards et al Editors -6th ILEWG Conference on Exploration and Utilisation of the Moon, Udaipur Nov. 2004, Proceedings ( N. Bhandari Editor), Journal Earth System Science, India, 114, No6, Dec 2005, pp. 573-841 -5th ILEWG Conference on Exploration and Utilisation of the Moon, Hawaii Nov 2003, Pro-ceedings ILC2005/ICEUM5 (S.M. Durst et al Editors), Vol 108, 1-576 pp, Science and Tech-nology Series, American Astronautical Society, 2004 -'The next steps in exploring deep space -A cosmic study by the IAA', W. Huntress, D. Stetson, R. Farquhar, J. Zimmerman, B. Clark, W. O'Neil, R. Bourke and B. Foing, Acta Astronautica, Vol 58, Issues 6-7, March-April 2006, p302-377 -IAA/ESA workshop on "Next Steps in Exploring Deep Space", ESTEC 22-23 sept. 2003 (B.H. Foing W. Huntress, conveners) Lunar Exploration, Planetary and Space Science, Vol 50, issue 14-15, Dec 2002 (B.H. Foing al) -ESLAB36 symposium on "Earth-like Planets and Moons", 2002, ESA-SP514, pp. 1-356, (B.H.Foing B. Battrick, editors) -'Lunar Exploration 2000', (B.H. Foing, D. Heather, Editors), Adv. Space Research Vol 30, Nr 8, 2002 -'Earth-Moon Relationships', Proceedings of the Conference held in Padova, Italy at the Ac-cademia Galileiana di Scienze Lettere ed Arti, Nov. 2000, (C. Barbieri and F. Rampazzi, Editors), in Earth, Moon , Planets Vol. 85-86, Nos 1-3, pp 1-575, 2001 -4th International Conference on Exploration and Utilisation of the Moon, ESTEC, 2000, ESA SP-462 (B.H. Foing M. Perry, editors) -Investing in Space: The Challenge for Europe. Long-Term Space Policy Committee, Second Report, May 1999. ESA-SP-2000 -2nd International Lunar Workshop, held at Kyoto in October 1996, Proceedings, H. Mizutani, editor, Japan Space Forum Publisher, 1997 International Lunar Workshop, 1994 May 31-June 3, Beatenberg, Switzerland. Proceedings. Ed. Balsiger, H. et al. European Space Agency, 1994. ESA-SP-1170 -Astronomy and Space Science from the Moon', Proceedings of COSPAR/IAF session at World Congress, Washington, (B.H. Foing et al editors), Advances in Space Research, Volume 14, Issue 6, 1994 -Mission to the Moon, Europe's Priorities for Scientific Exploration and Utilisation of the Moon', R.M. Bonnet et al, European Space Agency, ESA SP-1150, June 1992

  12. System for the Analysis of Global Energy Markets - Vol. I, Model Documentation

    EIA Publications

    2003-01-01

    Documents the objectives and the conceptual and methodological approach used in the development of projections for the International Energy Outlook. The first volume of this report describes the System for the Analysis of Global Energy Markets (SAGE) methodology and provides an in-depth explanation of the equations of the model.

  13. Aircraft Position Measurement Using Laser Beacon Optics.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1981-01-01

    8217Comparison of Solar Concentrators .’ Solar Energy, Vol. 10, p. 93, 1976. 7. Winston , R., ’Light Collection Within the Framework of Goemetrical Optics ...8217 J. Optical Society of Am., Vol. 60, p. 245, 1970. 8. Welford, W. T., tics of Nonimaging Concentrators . New York, Academic Press, T978. 9. Bracewell...helicopter pilot and the flight engineer on board the YO-3A. This thesis will concentrate on the development of the laser beacon, the detector optics

  14. JPRS Report, Science & Technology USSR: Physics & Mathematics.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1991-01-09

    Transient Ablation of Polymers by Ultrashort Laser Pulses [N.P. Furzikov; KVANTOVAYA ELEKTRONIKA, Vol 17 No 5, May 90] 14 Monokinetization of Atom...thermo-e.m.f. was found to depend not only linearly on the energy of laser pulses and the intensity of laser radiation, but also on the absorption... Ultrashort Laser Pulses 907J0090E Moscow KVANTOVAYA ELEKTRONIKA in Russian Vol 17 No 5, May 90 pp 619-620 [Article by N.P. Furzikov, Scientific

  15. Effects of metal binder on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al2O3-based micro-nanocomposite ceramic tool material

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ni, Xiu-ying; Zhao, Jun; Sun, Jia-lin; Gong, Feng; Li, Zuo-li

    2017-07-01

    The Al2O3-(W,Ti)C composites with Ni and Mo additions varying from 0vol% to 12vol% were prepared via hot pressing sintering under 30 MPa. The microstructure was investigated via X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). Mechanical properties such as flexural strength, fracture toughness, and Vickers hardness were also measured. Results show that the main phases A12O3 and (W,Ti)C were detected by XRD. Compound MoNi also existed in sintered nanocomposites. The fracture modes of the nanocomposites were both intergranular and transgranular fractures. The plastic deformation of metal particles and crack bridging were the main toughening mechanisms. The maximum flexural strength and fracture toughness were obtained for 9vol% and 12vol% additions of Ni and Mo, respectively. The hardness of the composites reduced gradually with increasing content of metals Ni and Mo.

  16. Development and Translation of Hybrid Optoacoustic/Ultrasonic Tomography for Early Breast Cancer Detection

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2015-09-01

    iterative algorithms of OAT to improve image fidelity. Laser ultrasound is generated through conversion of low -energy (about 100 µJ) 9 ns laser pulses ...Scherzinger, and T. Oughton, “Breast im- aging in coronal planes with simultaneous pulse echo and transmis- sion ultrasound ,” Science, vol. 214, no. 4525, pp...unidirectional pulse -echo ultrasound imaging,” Phys. Med. Biol., vol. 58, no. 17, art. no. 6163, 2013. [41] L. A. Romero, D. C. Ghiglia, C. C. Ober, and S. A

  17. Proceedings of Symposium on Energy Engineering in the 21st Century (SEE 2000). Volume Two

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2000-01-13

    International Journal of Hybrid Microelectronics, Vol.7, pp. 1-9 (1984). 2. T. Burd, "CPU information and system performance summary," Internet site, Http...and P. C. Wayner, "Evaporation from a Porous Flow Control Element on a Porous Heat Source", International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.16...28. I. M. N. A. Fareleira, S. F. Y. Li and W. A. Wakeham, International Journal of Thermophvsics, v. 10, pp. 1041 (1981). 29. Y. Wada, Y. Nagasaka

  18. Protective Clothing. Part 1. Arctic and Tropical Environments (A Bibliography with Abstracts)

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1976-04-01

    75/377/2GSB Hydrogen Energy (86) Apr 75 NTIS/PS-75/379/8GSB Desulfurization of Coal and Petroleum (107) Apr 75 Excludes flue gas and other post...Petroleum (107) Apr 75 Excludes flue gas and other post-combustion sulfur con- trol NTIS/PS-75/381/4GSB Coal Gasification and Liquefaction. Vol 1... desulfurization NTIS/PS-75/455/6GSB Sulfur Dioxide Control . Vol 1. 1964-1972 (159) May 75 NTIS/PS-75/456/4GSB Activated Carbon (221) May 75

  19. Wireless Powered Cooperative Communications: Power-Splitting Relaying With Energy Accumulation (Author’s Manuscript)

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2016-03-21

    2016 2 i.e., wireless power transfer (WPT) and wireless information transfer (WIT), fundamental changes to the designs of green communication networks...simulta- neous wireless information and power transfer ,” IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 53, no. 4, pp. 86–93, Apr. 2015. [6] H. Tabassum, E. Hossain, A...broadcasting for simultaneous wire- less information and power transfer ,” IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 12, no. 5, pp. 1989–2001, May 2013. [9] K. Huang

  20. Wave Data Acquisition and Hindcast for Saginaw Bay, Michigan.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1983-06-01

    Bretschneider (1952) and Mitsuyasu and Kimura (1965) for f the peak fre- %m quency (where fm = f g/U) while the total energy decay rate follows that mm...Spectra of Wind-Generated Gravity Waves," Journal of Physical Oceanography, Vol 5, pp 410-420. Mitsuyasu, Hisashi . 1968. "On the Growth of the...8217 . , / . - . ’ -’ -. .. ’ . .. _..- -’ - Mitsuyasu, Hisashi , and Kirmura, Hisao. 1965. "Wind Wave in Decay Area," Coastal Engineering in Japan, Vol 8, pp 221-35. Ou, Shan-Hwei. 1980 (Sep

  1. Hybrid Power Management

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Eichenberg, Dennis

    2005-01-01

    An engineering discipline denoted as hybrid power management (HPM) has emerged from continuing efforts to increase energy efficiency and reliability of hybrid power systems. HPM is oriented toward integration of diverse electric energy-generating, energy-storing, and energy-consuming devices in optimal configurations for both terrestrial and outer-space applications. The basic concepts of HPM are potentially applicable at power levels ranging from nanowatts to megawatts. Potential applications include terrestrial power-generation, terrestrial transportation, biotechnology, and outer-space power systems. Instances of this discipline at prior stages of development were reported (though not explicitly labeled as HPM) in three prior NASA Tech Briefs articles: "Ultracapacitors Store Energy in a Hybrid Electric Vehicle"(LEW-16876), Vol. 24, No. 4 (April 2000), page 63; "Photovoltaic Power Station With Ultracapacitors for Storage" (LEW-17177), Vol. 27, No. 8 (August 2003), page 38; and "Flasher Powered by Photovoltaic Cells and Ultracapacitors" (LEW-17246), Vol. 24, No. 10 (October 2003), page 37. As the titles of the cited articles indicate, the use of ultracapacitors as energy-storage devices lies at the heart of HPM. An ultracapacitor is an electrochemical energy-storage device, but unlike in a conventional rechargeable electrochemical cell or battery, chemical reactions do not take place during operation. Instead, energy is stored electrostatically at an electrode/electrolyte interface. The capacitance per unit volume of an ultracapacitor is much greater than that of a conventional capacitor because its electrodes have much greater surface area per unit volume and the separation between the electrodes is much smaller. Power-control circuits for ultracapacitors can be simpler than those for batteries, for two reasons: (1) Because of the absence of chemical reactions, charge and discharge currents can be greater than those in batteries, limited only by the electrical resistances of conductors; and (2) whereas the charge level of a battery depends on voltage, temperature, age, and load condition, the charge level of an ultracapacitor, like that of a conventional capacitor, depends only on voltage.

  2. Environmental effects of energy production and utilization in the U. S. Volume I. Sources, trends, and costs of control

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Newkirk, H.W.

    1976-05-01

    Volume I deals with sources (what the emissions are and where they come from), trends (quantities of emissions and their dispersion with time), and costs of control (what it takes in time, energy, and money to meet minimum standards). Volume II concerns itself with the public health effects of energy production and utilization. Volume III summarizes the various techniques for controlling emissions, technological as well as economic, social, and political. (For abstracts of Vols. II and III, see ERDA Energy Research Abstracts, Vol. 2, Absts. 5764 and 5670, respectively) Each volume is divided into sections dealing with the atmosphere, water,more » land, and social activities--each division indicating a particular sphere of man's environment affected by energy production and use. The sources of information that were used in this study included textbooks, journal articles, technical reports, memoranda, letters, and personal communications. These are cited in the text at the end of each subsection and on the applicable tables and figures.« less

  3. Proposing a Master's Programme on Participatory Integrated Assessment of Energy Systems to Promote Energy Access and Energy Efficiency in Southern Africa

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Kiravu, Cheddi; Diaz-Maurin, François; Giampietro, Mario; Brent, Alan C.; Bukkens, Sandra G.F.; Chiguvare, Zivayi; Gasennelwe-Jeffrey, Mandu A.; Gope, Gideon; Kovacic, Zora; Magole, Lapologang; Musango, Josephine Kaviti; Ruiz-Rivas Hernando, Ulpiano; Smit, Suzanne; Vázquez Barquero, Antonio; Yunta Mezquita, Felipe

    2018-01-01

    Purpose: This paper aims to present a new master's programme for promoting energy access and energy efficiency in Southern Africa. Design/methodology/approach: A transdisciplinary approach called "participatory integrated assessment of energy systems" (PARTICIPIA) was used for the development of the curriculum. This approach is based on…

  4. Third geopressured-geothermal energy conference.Vol 2

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Meriwether, J.

    1977-11-16

    Twenty papers were included covering the Edna Delcambre Test Well, legal studies, environmental studies, economic studies, and resource utilization. Separate abstracts were prepared for each paper. (MHR)

  5. Investigations in structural morphological and optical properties of Bi-Pb-S system thin films

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Malika, Boukhalfa; Noureddine, Benramdane; Mourad, Medles; Abdelkader, Outzourhit; Attouya, Bouzidi; Hind, Tabet-derraz

    Bi2S3, PbS and Bi-Pb-S system thin films were grown on glass substrates by the spray pyrolysis technique. The films growth was realized by the reaction of aqueous solutions of bismuth trichloride (BiCl3) and trihydrate Lead Acetate (TLA) (Pb(CH3COO)2.3H2O) with thiourea on heated substrates. The films study was performed as a function of the TLA volume ratio (TLA vol. ratio) in the solution obtained by the mixture of BiCl3 and thiourea used as precursor solution (PrS). X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emitting scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were used for structural and compositional analysis of the as deposited films. With the structural investigations, Bi2S3, PbS thin films and PbS-Bi2S3 composite thin films formation was confirmed. Optical properties of the deposited films were obtained using transmittance and reflectance measurements in the wavelength range [200-2500 nm]. The absorption edge shows a shift towards low energy with the increase of the TLA vol. ratio.The optical bandgaps for the films with various TLA vol. ratio are found to lie between those of the Bi2S3 and PbS ones. The optical parameters (extinction coefficient, refractive index, real and imaginary parts if the complex dielectric constant) of the thin films are also investigated. These are found to be dependent on the TLA vol. ratio.

  6. 78 FR 38455 - Energy Conservation Program: Test Procedures for Electric Motors

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-06-26

    ... Conservation Program: Test Procedures for Electric Motors; Proposed Rule #0;#0;Federal Register / Vol. 78, No... 431 [Docket No. EERE-2012-BT-TP-0043] RIN 1904-AC89 Energy Conservation Program: Test Procedures for... establishing definitions, specifying testing set-up procedures necessary to test, and extending DOE's existing...

  7. System for the Analysis of Global Energy Markets - Vol. II, Model Documentation

    EIA Publications

    2003-01-01

    The second volume provides a data implementation guide that lists all naming conventions and model constraints. In addition, Volume 1 has two appendixes that provide a schematic of the System for the Analysis of Global Energy Markets (SAGE) structure and a listing of the source code, respectively.

  8. Crew/computer communications study. Volume 2: Appendixes

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Johannes, J. D.

    1974-01-01

    The software routines developed during the crew/computer communications study are described to provide the user with an understanding of each routine, any restrictions in use, the required input data, and expected results after executing the routines. The combination of routines to generate a crew/computer communications application is also explained. The programmable keyboard and display used by the program is described, and an experiment scenario is provided to illustrate the relationship between the program frames when they are grouped into activity phases. Program descriptions and a user's guide are also presented. For Vol. 1, see N74-18843.

  9. Puget Sound Tanker Size Optimization.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1981-06-01

    6.0 ENTIRE FLEET 190 175 1,428,657 12,779.0 609.0 .- 01w OIW 77’ a LJ Iz-I, 61- 0 0 d - J c- 6-8 CLJ 6-8 E- L9 - a LA~ 1VIOI 40 IN331f3d 78 As mentioned...Transportation, U.S. Coast Guard. Report no. CG- D -21-77. 25. Wardley-Smith, J ., ed. 1979. The prevention of oil pollution. 26. Goldberg, N.N., Keith, V.F...Coast Guard. 80. Kahn, D .; Talbot, T.; and Woodward, J . Jan. 1974. Vessel safety model: vol. III Programmers’ manual. Final report. For the U.S

  10. A Unified Methodology for Aerospace Systems Integration Based on Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics: Aerodynamics Assessment

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2004-08-01

    Based on Exergy Methods”, Journal of Aircraft Vol.40, No.1, January-February 2003. [2] Bejan, A., “Constructal Theory: Tree-Shaped Flows and Energy... Journal of Aircraft Vol. 36, No. 2, March- April 1999. [15] Bourdin, P., Numerical Prediction of Wing-Tip Effects On Lift-Induced Drag. International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences, 2002. ...methods were used to calculate the induced drag. The objective of this project is to relate work-potential losses ( exergy destruction) to the

  11. Efficient Multiplexer FPGA Block Structures Based on G4FETs

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Vatan, Farrokh; Fijany, Amir

    2009-01-01

    Generic structures have been conceived for multiplexer blocks to be implemented in field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) based on four-gate field-effect transistors (G(sup 4)FETs). This concept is a contribution to the continuing development of digital logic circuits based on G4FETs and serves as a further demonstration that logic circuits based on G(sup 4)FETs could be more efficient (in the sense that they could contain fewer transistors), relative to functionally equivalent logic circuits based on conventional transistors. Results in this line of development at earlier stages were summarized in two previous NASA Tech Briefs articles: "G(sup 4)FETs as Universal and Programmable Logic Gates" (NPO-41698), Vol. 31, No. 7 (July 2007), page 44, and "Efficient G4FET-Based Logic Circuits" (NPO-44407), Vol. 32, No. 1 ( January 2008), page 38 . As described in the first-mentioned previous article, a G4FET can be made to function as a three-input NOT-majority gate, which has been shown to be a universal and programmable logic gate. The universality and programmability could be exploited to design logic circuits containing fewer components than are required for conventional transistor-based circuits performing the same logic functions. The second-mentioned previous article reported results of a comparative study of NOT-majority-gate (G(sup 4)FET)-based logic-circuit designs and equivalent NOR- and NAND-gate-based designs utilizing conventional transistors. [NOT gates (inverters) were also included, as needed, in both the G(sup 4)FET- and the NOR- and NAND-based designs.] In most of the cases studied, fewer logic gates (and, hence, fewer transistors), were required in the G(sup 4)FET-based designs. There are two popular categories of FPGA block structures or architectures: one based on multiplexers, the other based on lookup tables. In standard multiplexer- based architectures, the basic building block is a tree-like configuration of multiplexers, with possibly a few additional logic gates such as ANDs or ORs. Interconnections are realized by means of programmable switches that may connect the input terminals of a block to output terminals of other blocks, may bridge together some of the inputs, or may connect some of the input terminals to signal sources representing constant logical levels 0 or 1. The left part of the figure depicts a four-to-one G(sup 4)FET-based multiplexer tree; the right part of the figure depicts a functionally equivalent four-to-one multiplexer based on conventional transistors. The G(sup 4)FET version would contains 54 transistors; the conventional version contains 70 transistors.

  12. Renewable Energy and Storage Implementation in Naval Station Pearl Harbor

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2015-06-01

    less costly than GOCO in higherthan GOGO in higherthan COC in lowerthan GOGO (thi rd JBPHH example) JBPHH exampl e) JBPHHexample; 21% party) in J BPHH...Analysis of Project Cost, Perfomance, and Pricing Trends in the United States. Berkely , CA: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Bullis, K. (2013, May...Energy Method for Analyzing Renewable Energy Systems. IEEE Systems Journal, Vol 9 #1, 3. Czumak, C. J ., & Woodside, J . C. (2014). Energy Resiliency for

  13. Control Strategy: Wind Energy Powered Variable Chiller with Thermal Ice Storage

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2014-12-01

    New York, 2013. [8] A. Togelou et al., “Wind power forecasting in the absence of historical data,” IEEE trans. on sustainable energy, vol. 3, no...WIND ENERGY POWERED VARIABLE CHILLER WITH THERMAL ICE STORAGE by Rex A. Boonyobhas December 2014 Thesis Advisor: Anthony J. Gannon Co...AND DATES COVERED December 20 14 Master ’s Thesis 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5. FUNDING NUMBERS CONTROL STRATEGY: WIND ENERGY POWERED VARIABLE CHILLER

  14. Soldier System Power Sources

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2006-12-31

    dependence, and estimated mass of the stack. The model equations were derived from peer reviewed academic journals , internal studies, and texts on the subject...Liu, R. Dougal, E. Solodovnik, "VTB-Based Design of a Standalone Photovoltaic Power System", International Journal of Green Energy, Vol. 1, No. 3...Powered Battery Chargers 17 Exergy minimization 19 Use of secondary cells as temporary energy repositories 19 Design an automatic energy optimization

  15. Lori Bird | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    , Nickie Menemenlis, Antje Orths, Peter Borre Eriksen, J. Charles Smith, Lennart Soder, Poul Sorensen Sustainable Energy Reviews Vol. 65 November 2016 pp. 577-586. Jenny Heeter, Jeffrey J. Cook, Lori Bird. 2017 -6A20-64011. Bird, L., J. Cochran, and X. Wang. 2014. Wind and Solar Energy Curtailment: Experience and

  16. Clean Cities Now Vol. 16.1

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    None

    2012-05-01

    Biannual newsletter for the U.S. Department of Energy's Clean Cities initiative. The newsletter includes feature stories on advanced vehicle deployment, idle reduction, and articles on Clean Cities coalition successes across the country.

  17. The activation energy for nanocrystalline diamond films deposited from an Ar/H2/CH4 hot-filament reactor.

    PubMed

    Barbosa, D C; Melo, L L; Trava-Airoldi, V J; Corat, E J

    2009-06-01

    In this work we have investigated the effect of substrate temperature on the growth rate and properties of nanocrystalline diamond thin films deposited by hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD). Mixtures of 0.5 vol% CH4 and 25 vol% H2 balanced with Ar at a pressure of 50 Torr and typical deposition time of 12 h. We present the measurement of the activation energy by accurately controlling the substrate temperature independently of other CVD parameters. Growth rates have been measured in the temperature range from 550 to 800 degrees C. Characterization techniques have involved Raman spectroscopy, high resolution X-ray difractometry and scanning electron microscopy. We also present a comparison with most activation energy for micro and nanocrystalline diamond determinations in the literature and propose that there is a common trend in most observations. The result obtained can be an evidence that the growth mechanism of NCD in HFCVD reactors is very similar to MCD growth.

  18. Facilitating energy savings with programmable thermostats: evaluation and guidelines for the thermostat user interface.

    PubMed

    Peffer, Therese; Perry, Daniel; Pritoni, Marco; Aragon, Cecilia; Meier, Alan

    2013-01-01

    Thermostats control heating and cooling in homes - representing a major part of domestic energy use - yet, poor ergonomics of these devices has thwarted efforts to reduce energy consumption. Theoretically, programmable thermostats can reduce energy by 5-15%, but in practice little to no savings compared to manual thermostats are found. Several studies have found that programmable thermostats are not installed properly, are generally misunderstood and have poor usability. After conducting a usability study of programmable thermostats, we reviewed several guidelines from ergonomics, general device usability, computer-human interfaces and building control sources. We analysed the characteristics of thermostats that enabled or hindered successfully completing tasks and in a timely manner. Subjects had higher success rates with thermostat displays with positive examples of guidelines, such as visibility of possible actions, consistency and standards, and feedback. We suggested other guidelines that seemed missing, such as navigation cues, clear hierarchy and simple decision paths. Our evaluation of a usability test of five residential programmable thermostats led to the development of a comprehensive set of specific guidelines for thermostat design including visibility of possible actions, consistency, standards, simple decision paths and clear hierarchy. Improving the usability of thermostats may facilitate energy savings.

  19. Forestry as a possible solution to the environmental and energy difficulties facing semi-arid Africa. The case of Upper Volta

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Weinstabel, P.E.; Zech, W.

    1982-01-01

    The total annual demand for wood in Upper Volta is about 4.2 million cubic m solid wood, 94% of the population depends on wood for energy (compared with 84% in the Sahel states as a whole), and more than 30% of income in urban areas is spent on acquiring wood. Any policy aimed at securing adequate food supplies for the population must therefore be accompanied by a programme for safeguarding energy supplies. Measures which should be included in an integrated energy programme are presented and details are given of Upper Volta's forestry programme. 21 references.

  20. Clean Cities Now Vol. 17, No. 1

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    None

    2013-05-24

    Biannual newsletter for the U.S. Department of Energy's Clean Cities initiative. The newsletter includes feature stories on advanced vehicle deployment, idle reduction, and articles on Clean Cities coalition successes across the country.

  1. Chitin Lengthens Power Production in a Sedimentary Microbial Fuel Cell

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2014-01-01

    sulfate-reducing bacteria; marine I. INTRODUCTION Ocean-based energy recovery devices are often based on kinetic or solar energy harvesting . In...enhancement would scale with an increase in system size. More work is also planned on improving energy harvesting efficiency and understanding the...utilization by marine bacteria. Degradation and catabolism of chitin oligosaccharides by Vibrio furnissii,” J Biol Chem, 1991. vol 266, pp. 24276-24286

  2. H-Bomb Development: Decision on the Merits or Political Necessity

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2015-05-23

    Army attempted to solidify its control of atomic energy in the post-war United States through the...capability to prevent the Soviet army from overrunning Western Europe.84 Reliance on atomic weapons combined with the recent...Robert Oppenheimer, Vol. XII, Transcript of hearing before the Personnel Security Board (Washington, DC: US Atomic Energy Commission, April 27, 1954

  3. Investigation of Structure/Fluid Interaction in Piping Systems Using an Intensity Measurement Approach.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1987-07-01

    of vibrational power flow had been considered by experiments in the area of statistical energy analysis (SEA)8, 9 using other measurement ipproaches...Constants in Statistical Energy Analysis of Structure," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Vol. 52, No. 2, pp. 516-524 (1973) 9. Fahy, F. and R. Pierri, "Application of

  4. Parallel-Processing CMOS Circuitry for M-QAM and 8PSK TCM

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Gray, Andrew; Lee, Dennis; Hoy, Scott; Fisher, Dave; Fong, Wai; Ghuman, Parminder

    2009-01-01

    There has been some additional development of parts reported in "Multi-Modulator for Bandwidth-Efficient Communication" (NPO-40807), NASA Tech Briefs, Vol. 32, No. 6 (June 2009), page 34. The focus was on 1) The generation of M-order quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM) and octonary-phase-shift-keying, trellis-coded modulation (8PSK TCM), 2) The use of square-root raised-cosine pulse-shaping filters, 3) A parallel-processing architecture that enables low-speed [complementary metal oxide/semiconductor (CMOS)] circuitry to perform the coding, modulation, and pulse-shaping computations at a high rate; and 4) Implementation of the architecture in a CMOS field-programmable gate array.

  5. European Symposium on X-Ray Topography and High Resolution Diffraction (2nd) Held in Berlin, Germany on 5-7 September 1994. Programme and Abstracts

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1994-09-07

    RELAXATION OF NANOSTRUCTURED SIGE/SI PILLARS BY HIGH-RESOLUTION X-RAY DIFFRACTION P. van der Sluis and C.W.T. Bull.-Lieuwma PLillps Research Laboratories...whereas the lattice is fully strained in large (10xlO mm2) pillars. (1] P.B. Fischer and S.Y. Chou, Appl. Phys. Lett. 62, 1414 (1993) (2) P. van der ...tIn, hi&ttttV (Thl)ttLtl Of epitaxial layers of 111I-V compoutnds, J1. Cl’ybll GIVILth, Vol. 44:1)1.5113 :-517, 1978. (2) P. van der Sluls Determination

  6. Thermal and Mechanical Non-equilibrium Effects on Turbulent Flows Fundamental Studies of Energy Exchanges Through Direct Numerical Simulations and Experiments

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2013-10-21

    AFOSR-2012-0001, 2012. Chu, B., and Kovásznay, L . S . G ., “Non-linear Interactions in a Viscous Heat-Conducting Compressible Gas,” Journal of Fluid...229-247. Kovásznay, L . S . G ., “Turbulence in Supersonic Flow,” Journal of the Aeronautical Sciences, Vol. 20, No. 10, 1953, pp. 657-674, 682. Larsson...Interactions,” Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 32, 2000, pp. 309-345. Barre, S ., Alem, D., and Bonnet, J. P ., “Experimental Study of a Normal Shock

  7. Field Evaluation of Programmable Thermostats

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Sachs, O.; Tiefenbeck, V.; Duvier, C.

    2012-12-01

    Prior research suggests that poor programmable thermostats usability may prevent their effective use to save energy. The Fraunhofer team hypothesized that home occupants with high-usability thermostats would be more likely to use them to save energy than people with a basic thermostats. In this report, the team discusses results of a project in which the team monitored and compared programmable thermostats with basic thermostats in an affordable housing apartment complex.

  8. Clean Cities Now: Vol. 17, No. 1, Spring 2013 (Brochure)

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Sutor, J.; Tucker, E.; Thomas, J.

    2013-05-01

    Biannual newsletter for the U.S. Department of Energy's Clean Cities initiative. The newsletter includes feature stories on advanced vehicle deployment, idle reduction, and articles on Clean Cities coalition successes across the country.

  9. Clean Cities Now: Vol. 16, No. 1, May 2012 (Brochure)

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Not Available

    2012-05-01

    Biannual newsletter for the U.S. Department of Energy's Clean Cities initiative. The newsletter includes feature stories on advanced vehicle deployment, idle reduction, and articles on Clean Cities coalition successes across the country.

  10. A simulation model for wind energy storage systems. Volume 3: Program descriptions

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Warren, A. W.; Edsinger, R. W.; Burroughs, J. D.

    1977-01-01

    Program descriptions, flow charts, and program listings for the SIMWEST model generation program, the simulation program, the file maintenance program, and the printer plotter program are given. For Vol 2, see .

  11. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Yang, Kang; Wu, Sujun; Guan, Juan

    Strong and tough epoxy composites are developed using a less-studied fibre reinforcement, that of natural silk. Two common but structurally distinct silks from the domestic B. mori/Bm and the wild A. pernyi/Ap silkworms are selected in fabric forms. We show that the toughening effects on silk-epoxy composites or SFRPs are dependent on the silk species and the volume fraction of silk. Both silks enhance the room-temperature tensile and flexural mechanical properties of the composite, whereas the more resilient Ap silk shows a more pronounced toughening effect and a lower critical reinforcement volume for the brittle-ductile transition. Specifically, our 60 vol.%more » Ap-SFRP displays a three-fold elevation in tensile and flexural strength, as compared to pure epoxy resin, with an order of magnitude higher breaking energy via a distinct, ductile failure mode. Importantly, the 60 vol.% Ap-SFRP remains ductile with 7% flexural elongation at lower temperatures (-50 °C). Under impact, these SFRPs show significantly improved energy absorption, and the 60 vol.% Ap-SFRP has an impact strength some eight times that of pure epoxy resin. Lastly, the findings demonstrate both marked toughening and strengthening effects for epoxy composites from natural silk reinforcements, which presents opportunities for mechanically superior and "green" structural composites.« less

  12. Enhancing the Mechanical Toughness of Epoxy-Resin Composites Using Natural Silk Reinforcements

    DOE PAGES

    Yang, Kang; Wu, Sujun; Guan, Juan; ...

    2017-09-20

    Strong and tough epoxy composites are developed using a less-studied fibre reinforcement, that of natural silk. Two common but structurally distinct silks from the domestic B. mori/Bm and the wild A. pernyi/Ap silkworms are selected in fabric forms. We show that the toughening effects on silk-epoxy composites or SFRPs are dependent on the silk species and the volume fraction of silk. Both silks enhance the room-temperature tensile and flexural mechanical properties of the composite, whereas the more resilient Ap silk shows a more pronounced toughening effect and a lower critical reinforcement volume for the brittle-ductile transition. Specifically, our 60 vol.%more » Ap-SFRP displays a three-fold elevation in tensile and flexural strength, as compared to pure epoxy resin, with an order of magnitude higher breaking energy via a distinct, ductile failure mode. Importantly, the 60 vol.% Ap-SFRP remains ductile with 7% flexural elongation at lower temperatures (-50 °C). Under impact, these SFRPs show significantly improved energy absorption, and the 60 vol.% Ap-SFRP has an impact strength some eight times that of pure epoxy resin. Lastly, the findings demonstrate both marked toughening and strengthening effects for epoxy composites from natural silk reinforcements, which presents opportunities for mechanically superior and "green" structural composites.« less

  13. On the Relationship between Energy Density and Net Power (Intensity) in Coupled One-Dimensional Dynamic Systems

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1990-03-01

    equation of the statistical energy analysis (SEA) using the procedure indicated in equation (13) [8, 9]. Similarly, one may state the quantities (. (X-)) and...CONGRESS ON ACOUSTICS, July 24-31 1986, Toronto, Canada, Paper D6-1. 5. CUSCHIERI, J.M., Power flow as a compliment to statistical energy analysis and...34Random response of identical one-dimensional subsystems", Journal of Sound and Vibration, 1980, Vol. 70, p. 343-353. 8. LYON, R.H., Statistical Energy Analysis of

  14. Mussel-inspired Fluoro-Polydopamine Functionalization of Titanium Dioxide Nanowires for Polymer Nanocomposites with Significantly Enhanced Energy Storage Capability.

    PubMed

    Wang, Guanyao; Huang, Xingyi; Jiang, Pingkai

    2017-02-22

    High-dielectric-constant polymer nanocomposites are demonstrated to show great promise as energy storage materials. However, the large electrical mismatch and incompatibility between nanofillers and polymer matrix usually give rise to significantly reduced breakdown strength and weak energy storage capability. Therefore, rational selection and elaborate functionalization of nanofillers to optimize the performance of polymer nanocomposites are vital. Herein, inspired by adhesive proteins in mussels, a facile modification by fluoro-polydopamine is employed to reinforce the compatibility of TiO 2 nanowires in the fluoropolymer matrix. The loading of 2.5 vol % f-DOPA@TiO 2 NWs leads to an ultrahigh discharged energy density of 11.48 J cm -3 at 530 MV m -1 , more than three times of commercial biaxial-oriented polypropylene (BOPP, 3.56 J cm -3 at 600 MV m -1 ). A gratifying high energy density of 9.12 J cm -3 has also been obtained with nanofiller loading as high as 15 vol % at 360 MV m -1 , which is nearly double to that of pure P(VDF-HFP) (4.76 J cm -3 at 360 MV m -1 ). This splendid energy storage capability seems to rival or exceed most of previously reported nano-TiO 2 based nanocomposites. The methods presented here provide deep insights into the design of polymer nanocomposites for energy storage applications.

  15. Mussel-inspired Fluoro-Polydopamine Functionalization of Titanium Dioxide Nanowires for Polymer Nanocomposites with Significantly Enhanced Energy Storage Capability

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wang, Guanyao; Huang, Xingyi; Jiang, Pingkai

    2017-02-01

    High-dielectric-constant polymer nanocomposites are demonstrated to show great promise as energy storage materials. However, the large electrical mismatch and incompatibility between nanofillers and polymer matrix usually give rise to significantly reduced breakdown strength and weak energy storage capability. Therefore, rational selection and elaborate functionalization of nanofillers to optimize the performance of polymer nanocomposites are vital. Herein, inspired by adhesive proteins in mussels, a facile modification by fluoro-polydopamine is employed to reinforce the compatibility of TiO2 nanowires in the fluoropolymer matrix. The loading of 2.5 vol % f-DOPA@TiO2 NWs leads to an ultrahigh discharged energy density of 11.48 J cm-3 at 530 MV m-1, more than three times of commercial biaxial-oriented polypropylene (BOPP, 3.56 J cm-3 at 600 MV m-1). A gratifying high energy density of 9.12 J cm-3 has also been obtained with nanofiller loading as high as 15 vol % at 360 MV m-1, which is nearly double to that of pure P(VDF-HFP) (4.76 J cm-3 at 360 MV m-1). This splendid energy storage capability seems to rival or exceed most of previously reported nano-TiO2 based nanocomposites. The methods presented here provide deep insights into the design of polymer nanocomposites for energy storage applications.

  16. Vibratory Response and Acoustical Radiation of a Water-Loaded, Turbulence-Excited Plate-Cavity System--Option 6

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1975-07-01

    Statistical Energy Analysis MAJOR ASSUMPTIONS AND LIMITATIONS . Simply supported panel it contidarad to ba vibrating freely in a mode consisting of e...Shells: Statistical Energy Analysis . Modal Coupling and Nonresonant Transmission. Univ Houston, Dept Mech Eng Tech Report 21 (Aug 1970); also J...Oscillators. J. Acoust. Soc. Am., Vol. 34, No. 5 (May 1962). 14. Ungar, E.E., Fundamentals of Statistical Energy Analysis of Vibrating Systems, Tech

  17. World Energy Data System (WENDS). Volume II. Country data, CZ-KS

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    None

    1979-06-01

    The World Energy Data System contains organized data on those countries and international organizations that may have critical impact on the world energy scene. Included in this volume, Vol. II, are Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany (East), Germany (West), Greece, Guinea, India, Indonesia, Iran, Italy, Japan, and Korea (South). The following topics are covered for most of the countries: economic, demographic, and educational profiles; energy policy; indigenous energy resources and uses; forecasts, demand, exports, imports of energy supplies; environmental considerations of energy use; power production facilities; energy industries; commercial applications of energy; research and development activities of energy; andmore » international activities.« less

  18. Alternative Fuel News, Vol. 4, No. 4

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2001-02-22

    The Clean Cities network is growing, and more fleets are considering alternative fuels. : Industry old-timers that have been using alternative fuels since the passage of Energy Policy : Act of 1992 are beginning to replace their used alternativ...

  19. Properties of the Medussae Fossae Formation and its relation to the volcanic history of Mars

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ivanov, Anton B.; Cantini, Federico

    2016-10-01

    Medussae Fossae (MFF) is a well known formation, stretching west of Tharsis volanoes. It is characterized as a relatively young Amazonian units (Amm, Amu), due to widespread signs of erosion. Earth based imaging radar observations at 3.5 cm [1] and 12 cm [2] have discovered a dark radar feature (Stealth), which roughly correlates with the MFF outline.Recent investigations [3], suggested that the unit emplacement is in fact during Hesperian period, but it is composed of material that can be easily eroded. It is not clear when the erosion happened and if it is a continuing process. Hypotheses on MFF formation range from volcanic material emplacement (ash flow tuffs or pyroclastic materials) to an ice-rich dusty mantle, deposited during high obliquity.In this work, we will present the latest observations of the East Medussae Fossae formation by the long wavelength MARSIS radar, continuing the work reported in [4], as well as complementing data surveyed by SHARAD data in [5]. The MARSIS radar has detected strong subsurface interfaces in the areas of Gordi and Eumenides Dorsae at depths up to 1.5km. We will present our analysis of the data, inferring the dielectric properties of the material to constrain properties of the material constituting the Medusae Fossae formation. We will also demonstrate an efficient user interface to work with MARSIS data inside a Geographical Information System (GIS).The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Unions Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under iMars grant agreement 607379.[1] D. Muhleman, et al., "Radar images of mars," Science, vol. 253, no. 5027, 1991.[2] J. K. Harmon, et al., "Arecibo radar imagery of Mars: The major volcanic provinces," Icarus, vol. 220, aug 2012.[3] L. Kerber, et al., "The dispersal of pyroclasts from Apollinaris Patera, Mars: Implications for the origin of the Medusae Fossae Formation," Icarus, vol. 216, nov 2011.[4] T. R. Watters, et al., "Radar Sounding of the Medusae Fossae Formation Mars: Equatorial Ice or Dry, Low-Density Deposits?," Science, vol. 318, nov 2007.[5] L. M. Carter, et al., "Shallow radar (SHARAD) sounding observations of the Medusae Fossae Formation, Mars," Icarus, vol. 199, pp. , feb 2009.

  20. Dose equations for shift-variant CT acquisition modes using variable pitch, tube current, and aperture, and the meaning of their associated CTDI{sub vol}

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Dixon, Robert L., E-mail: rdixon@wfubmc.edu; Boone, John M.; Kraft, Robert A.

    2014-11-01

    Purpose: With the increasing clinical use of shift-variant CT protocols involving tube current modulation (TCM), variable pitch or pitch modulation (PM), and variable aperture a(t), the interpretation of the scanner-reported CTDI{sub vol} is called into question. This was addressed for TCM in their previous paper published by Dixon and Boone [Med. Phys. 40, 111920 (14pp.) (2013)] and is extended to PM and concurrent TCM/PM as well as variable aperture in this work. Methods: Rigorous convolution equations are derived to describe the accumulated dose distributions for TCM, PM, and concurrent TCM/PM. A comparison with scanner-reported CTDI{sub vol} formulae clearly identifies themore » source of their differences with the traditional CTDI{sub vol}. Dose distribution simulations using the convolution are provided for a variety of TCM and PM scenarios including a helical shuttle used for perfusion studies (as well as constant mA)—all having the same scanner-reported CTDI{sub vol}. These new convolution simulations for TCM are validated by comparison with their previous discrete summations. Results: These equations show that PM is equivalent to TCM if the pitch variation p(z) is proportional to 1/i(z), where i(z) is the local tube current. The simulations show that the local dose at z depends only weakly on the local tube current i(z) or local pitch p(z) due to scatter from all other locations along z, and that the “local CTDI{sub vol}(z)” or “CTDI{sub vol} per slice” do not represent a local dose but rather only a relative i(z) or p(z). The CTDI-paradigm does not apply to shift-variant techniques and the scanner-reported CTDI{sub vol} for the same lacks physical significance and relevance. Conclusions: While the traditional CTDI{sub vol} at constant tube current and pitch conveys useful information (the peak dose at the center of the scan length), CTDI{sub vol} for shift-variant techniques (TCM or PM) conveys no useful information about the associated dose distribution it purportedly represents. On the other hand, the total energy absorbed E (“integral dose”) as well as its surrogate DLP remain robust (invariant) with respect to shift-variance, depending only on the total mAs = 〈i〉t{sub 0} accumulated during the total beam-on time t{sub 0} and aperture a, where 〈i〉 is the average current.« less

  1. Oak Ridge National Laboratory REVIEW, Vol. 25, Nos. 3 and 4, 1992

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Krause, C.

    1992-01-01

    The titles in the table of contents from this journal are: Wartime Laboratory; High-flux Years; Accelerating Projects; Olympian Feats; Balancing Act; Responding to Social Needs; Energy Technologies; Diversity and Sharing; Global Outreach; Epilogue

  2. Integrated Noise Model (INM) version 6.0 technical manual

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2002-01-31

    The Federal Aviation Administration, Office of Environment and Energy (FAA, AEE-100) has : developed Version 6.0 of the Integrated Noise Model (INM) with support from the John A. Volpe : National Transportation Systems Center, Acoustics Facility (Vol...

  3. William Fowler and Elements in the Stars

    Science.gov Websites

    some of the most central issues in modern physics and cosmology: the formation of the chemical elements . Documents: Energy Levels of Light Nuclei. III; Review of Modern Physics, Vol 22, Issue 4:291-372; October

  4. Integrated Noise Model (INM), version 5.1 : technical manual

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    1997-12-01

    The Federal Aviation Administration, Office of Environment and Energy (FAA, AEE-120) : has developed Version 5.1 of the Integrated Noise Model (INM) with support from the : John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center, Acoustics Facility (Vol...

  5. Monte Carlo calculations of the incineration of plutonium and minor actinides of laser fusion inertial confinement fusion fission energy (LIFE) engine

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Adem, ACIR; Eşref, BAYSAL

    2018-07-01

    In this paper, neutronic analysis in a laser fusion inertial confinement fusion fission energy (LIFE) engine fuelled plutonium and minor actinides using a MCNP codes was investigated. LIFE engine fuel zone contained 10 vol% TRISO particles and 90 vol% natural lithium coolant mixture. TRISO fuel compositions have Mod①: reactor grade plutonium (RG-Pu), Mod②: weapon grade plutonium (WG-Pu) and Mod③: minor actinides (MAs). Tritium breeding ratios (TBR) were computed as 1.52, 1.62 and 1.46 for Mod①, Mod② and Mod③, respectively. The operation period was computed as ∼21 years when the reference TBR > 1.05 for a self-sustained reactor for all investigated cases. Blanket energy multiplication values (M) were calculated as 4.18, 4.95 and 3.75 for Mod①, Mod② and Mod③, respectively. The burnup (BU) values were obtained as ∼1230, ∼1550 and ∼1060 GWd tM–1, respectively. As a result, the higher BU were provided with using TRISO particles for all cases in LIFE engine.

  6. Characterizing Effects and Benefits of Beam Defocus on High Energy Laser Performance Under Thermal Blooming and Turbulence Conditions for Air-to-Ground Engagements

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2008-04-29

    Multiple aperture laser systems for thermal blooming environments,” Applied Optics, Vol. 22, No. 21 (1 November 1983), pp. 3366-3370. 42. Siegman ...CHARACTERIZING EFFECTS AND BENEFITS OF BEAM DEFOCUS ON HIGH ENERGY LASER PERFORMANCE UNDER THERMAL BLOOMING AND TURBULENCE CONDITIONS FOR AIR...States Government. AFIT / DS / ENS / 08-05 CHARACTERIZING EFFECTS AND BENEFITS OF BEAM DEFOCUS ON HIGH ENERGY LASER PERFORMANCE UNDER THERMAL

  7. Utility-Scale Future, Continuum Magazine: Clean Energy Innovation at NREL, Spring 2011, Issue 1 Vol. 1

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Not Available

    2011-08-01

    This quarterly magazine is dedicated to stepping beyond the technical journals to reveal NREL's vital work in a real-world context for our stakeholders. Continuum provides insights into the latest and most impactful clean energy innovations, while spotlighting those talented researchers and unique facilities that make it all happen. This edition focuses on creating a utility-scale future.

  8. Cloud Offload in Hostile Environments

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2011-12-01

    of recognized objects in an input image. FACE: Windows XP C++ application based on the OpenCV library [45]. It returns the coordinates and identities...SOLDIER. Energy-Efficient Technolo- gies for the Dismounted Soldier”. National Research Council, 1997. [16] COMMITTEE ON SOLDIER POWER/ENERGY SYSTEMS...vol. 4658 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Berlin / Heidelberg, 2007. [45] OPENCV . OpenCV Wiki. http://opencv.willowgarage.com/wiki/. [46

  9. NLC Newsletter

    Science.gov Websites

    November 2003 Vol. 4 No. 10 - 11 September 2003 Vol. 4 No. 9 August 2003 Vol.4 No. 8 July 2003 Vol.4 No. 7 Vol. 3 No. 9 August 2002 Vol. 3 No. 8 July 2002 Vol. 3 No. 7 June 2002 Vol. 3 No. 6 May 2002 Vol. 3 No . 2 No.10 August 2001 Vol. 2 No. 4 March 2001 Vol. 2 No. 3 February 2001 Vol. 2 No. 2 January 2001 Vol

  10. Short communication: Lactose enhances bile tolerance of yogurt culture bacteria.

    PubMed

    Mena, Behannis; Aryana, Kayanush

    2018-03-01

    Lactose is an energy source for culture bacteria. Bile tolerance is an important probiotic property. Our aim was to elucidate the effect of lactose on bile tolerance of yogurt starter culture Lactobacillus bulgaricus LB-12 and Streptococcus thermophilus ST-M5. Bile tolerance of pure cultures was determined using 0.3% oxgall in MRS THIO broth (Difco, Becton Dickinson, Sparks, MD) for L. bulgaricus and 0.3% oxgall in M17 broth (Oxoid, Basingstoke, UK) for Strep. thermophilus. Lactose was added to both broths at 0 (control), 1, 3, and 5% (wt/vol) broth. Dilutions were plated hourly for 12 h. Experiments were replicated 3 times. At 2, 4, and 12 h of incubation, lactose incorporated at all amounts, 1, 3, and 5% (wt/vol), showed higher counts of Strep. thermophilus ST-M5 compared with the control. Lactose use at 5% (wt/vol) significantly enhanced bile tolerance of both L. bulgaricus and Strep. thermophilus compared with control. Copyright © 2018 American Dairy Science Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  11. VizieR Online Data Catalog: Carlsberg Meridian Catalog, Vol. 6 (CMC6, 1992)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Copenhagen University Observatory; Royal Greenwich, Observatory

    1995-11-01

    The Carlsberg Meridian Catalogues give accurate positions, proper motions and magnitudes of stars north of declination -45deg and down to 15th magnitude. They also contain observations of the solar system objects: Mars, Callisto, Saturn, Titan, Iapetus, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto, and many minor planets. Typical mean errors for an entry are 0.1arcsec in position, 3mas/yr in proper motion, and 0.05mag in magnitude. The stars observed belong to a large number of observing programmes typically dealing with the reference frame or with galactic kinematics. The Carlsberg Automatic Meridian Circle on La Palma is operated by Copenhagen University Observatory, Royal Greenwich Observatory, and Real Instituto y Observatorio de la Armada at the Observatory del Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias. For a detailed introduction, please refer to the printed catalogue. A description of the programme may also be found in the 1993 paper by Fabricius (=1993BICDS..42....5F), from which the present description is derived. This 6th volume corresponds to observations made during the year 1990. (4 data files).

  12. VizieR Online Data Catalog: Carlsberg Meridian Catalog, Vol. 8 (CMC8, 1994)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Copenhagen University Observatory; Royal Greenwich, Observatory

    1995-11-01

    The Carlsberg Meridian Catalogues give accurate positions, proper motions and magnitudes of stars north of declination -45deg and down to 15th magnitude. They also contain observations of the solar system objects: Mars, Callisto, Saturn, Titan, Iapetus, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto, and many minor planets. Typical mean errors for an entry are 0.1arcsec in position, 3mas/yr in proper motion, and 0.05mag in magnitude. The stars observed belong to a large number of observing programmes typically dealing with the reference frame or with galactic kinematics. The Carlsberg Automatic Meridian Circle on La Palma is operated by Copenhagen University Observatory, Royal Greenwich Observatory, and Real Instituto y Observatorio de la Armada at the Observatory del Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias. For a detailed introduction, please refer to the printed catalogue. A description of the programme may also be found in the 1993 paper by Fabricius (=1993BICDS..42....5F), from which the present description is derived. This 8th volume corresponds to observations made between August 1992 and December 1993. (5 data files).

  13. VizieR Online Data Catalog: Carlsberg Meridian Catalog, Vol. 5 (CMC5, 1991)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Copenhagen University Observatory; Royal Greenwich Observatory

    1995-11-01

    The Carlsberg Meridian Catalogues give accurate positions, proper motions and magnitudes of stars north of declination -45deg and down to 15th magnitude. They also contain observations of the solar system objects: Mars, Callisto, Saturn, Titan, Iapetus, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto, and many minor planets. Typical mean errors for an entry are 0.1arcsec in position, 3mas/yr in proper motion, and 0.05mag in magnitude. The stars observed belong to a large number of observing programmes typically dealing with the reference frame or with galactic kinematics. The Carlsberg Automatic Meridian Circle on La Palma is operated by Copenhagen University Observatory, Royal Greenwich Observatory, and Real Instituto y Observatorio de la Armada at the Observatory del Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias. For a detailed introduction, please refer to the printed catalogue. A description of the programme may also be found in the 1993 paper by Fabricius (=1993BICDS..42....5F), from which the present description is derived. This 5th volume corresponds to observations made between May 1988 and January 1990 (4 data files).

  14. Surface damages of polycrystalline W and La2O3-doped W induced by high-flux He plasma irradiation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Liu, Lu; Li, Shouzhe; Liu, Dongping; Benstetter, Günther; Zhang, Yang; Hong, Yi; Fan, Hongyu; Ni, Weiyuan; Yang, Qi; Wu, Yunfeng; Bi, Zhenhua

    2018-04-01

    In this study, polycrystalline tungsten (W) and three oxide dispersed strengthened W with 0.1 vol %, 1.0 vol % and 5.0 vol % lanthanum trioxide (La2O3) were irradiated with low-energy (200 eV) and high-flux (5.8 × 1021 or 1.4 × 1022 ions/m2ṡs) He+ ions at elevated temperature. After He+ irradiation at a fluence of 3.0 × 1025/m2, their surface damages were observed by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy-electron backscatter diffraction, and conductive atomic force microscopy. Micron-sized holes were formed on the surface of W alloys after He+ irradiation at 1100 K. Analysis shows that the La2O3 grains doped in W were sputtered preferentially by the high-flux He+ ions when compared with the W grains. For irradiation at 1550 K, W nano-fuzz was formed at the surfaces of both polycrystalline W and La2O3-doped W. The thickness of the fuzz layers formed at the surface of La2O3-doped W is 40% lower than the one of polycrystalline W. The presence of La2O3 could suppress the diffusion and coalescence of He atoms inside W, which plays an important role in the growth of nanostructures fuzz.

  15. Characteristics of particulate emissions from a diesel generator fueled with varying blends of biodiesel and fossil diesel.

    PubMed

    Tsai, Jen-Hsiung; Chen, Shui-Jen; Huang, Kuo-Lin; Lee, Wen-Jhy; Kuo, Wen-Chien; Lin, Wen-Yinn

    2011-01-01

    This study investigated the particulate matter (PM), particle-bound carbons, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) emitted from a diesel-engine generator fuelled with blends of pure fossil diesel oil (D100) and varying percentages of waste-edible-oil biodiesel (W10, 10 vol %; W20, 20 vol %; W30, 30 vol %; and W50, 50 vol %) under generator loads of 0, 1.5, and 3 kW. On average, the PM emission factors of all blends was 30.5 % (range, 13.7-52.3 %) lower than that of D100 under the tested loads. Substituting pure fossil diesel oil with varying percentages of waste-edible-oil biodiesel reduced emissions of particle-bound total carbon (TC) and elemental carbon (EC). The W20 blend had the lowest particle-bound organic carbon (OC) emissions. Notably, W10, W20, and W30 also had lower Total-PAH emissions and lower total equivalent toxicity (Total-BaP(eq)) compared to D100. Additionally, the brake-specific fuel consumption of the generator correlated positively with the ratio of waste-edible-oil biodiesel to pure fossil diesel. However, generator energy efficiency correlated negatively with the ratio of waste-edible-oil biodiesel to pure fossil diesel.

  16. Microstructural evolution and sliding wear studies of copper-alumina micro- and nano-composites fabricated by spark plasma sintering

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Dash, Khushbu; Chaira, Debasis; Ray, Bankim Chandra

    2015-05-01

    Copper-alumina nanocomposites of 0.5, 1, 3, 5, 7 vol.% alumina (average size <50 nm) reinforced in copper matrix were fabricated using spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique. Another set of microcomposites containing 1, 5, 20 vol.% of alumina (average size ˜10 μm) had been fabricated to compare the physical as well as mechanical attributes of composites with variation of reinforcement particle size. These micro- and nano-composites have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) followed by microhardness, nanoindentation hardness, and wear measurements. It has been found that hardness values are higher for nanocomposites as compared to microcomposites. It is also found that wear resistance increases with increasing alumina content. The microcomposites show better wear resistance than nanocomposites for the same composition. The interaction of copper and alumina results in the formation of CuAlO2 which manifests differential interfacial phenomenon. We have obtained 95.82% densification and 93.17 HV hardness for spark plasma sintered Cu-20 vol.% Al2O3 microcomposite. The wear rate is appreciably low, that is, 0.86×10-4 mm3N-1m-1 for 20 vol.% alumina reinforced copper microcomposite.

  17. A Survey of Probabilistic Methods for Dynamical Systems with Uncertain Parameters.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1986-05-01

    J., "An Approach to the Theoretical Background of Statistical Energy Analysis Applied to Structural Vibration," Journ. Acoust. Soc. Amer., Vol. 69...1973, Sect. 8.3. 80. Lyon, R.H., " Statistical Energy Analysis of Dynamical Systems," M.I.T. Press, 1975. e) Late References added in Proofreading !! 81...Dowell, E.H., and Kubota, Y., "Asymptotic Modal Analysis and ’~ y C-" -165- Statistical Energy Analysis of Dynamical Systems," Journ. Appi. - Mech

  18. Proceedings of the NASTRAN (Tradename) Users’ Colloquium (17th) Held in San Antonio, Texas on 24-28 April 1989

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1989-03-01

    statistical energy analysis , the finite clement method, and the power flow method. Experimental solutions are the most common in the literature. The authors of...to the added weights and inertias of the transducers attached to an experimental structure. Statistical energy analysis (SEA) is a computational method...Analysis and Diagnosis," Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol. 115, No. 3, pp. 405-422 (1987). 8. Lyon, R.L., Statistical Energy Analysis of Dynamical Systems

  19. GREET 1.5 : transportation fuel-cycle model. Vol. 1 : methodology, development, use, and results.

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    1999-10-01

    This report documents the development and use of the most recent version (Version 1.5) of the Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy Use in Transportation (GREET) model. The model, developed in a spreadsheet format, estimates the full fuel...

  20. Minicourses in Astrophysics, Modular Approach, Vol. II.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Illinois Univ., Chicago.

    This is the second of a two-volume minicourse in astrophysics. It contains chapters on the following topics: stellar nuclear energy sources and nucleosynthesis; stellar evolution; stellar structure and its determination; and pulsars. Each chapter gives much technical discussion, mathematical treatment, diagrams, and examples. References are…

  1. Data on European non-residential buildings.

    PubMed

    D'Agostino, Delia; Cuniberti, Barbara; Bertoldi, Paolo

    2017-10-01

    This data article relates to the research paper Energy consumption and efficiency technology measures in European non-residential buildings (D'Agostino et al., 2017) [1]. The reported data have been collected in the framework of the Green Building Programme that ran from 2006 to 2014. The project has encouraged the adoption of efficiency measures to boost energy savings in European non-residential buildings. Data focus on the one-thousand buildings that joined the Programme allowing to save around 985 GWh/year. The main requirement to join the Programme was the reduction of at least 25% primary energy consumption in a new or retrofitted building. Energy consumption before and after the renovation are provided for retrofitted buildings while, in new constructions, a building had to be designed using at least 25% less energy than requested by the country's building codes. The following data are linked within this article: energy consumption, absolute and relative savings related to primary energy, saving percentages, implemented efficiency measures and renewables. Further information is given about each building in relation to geometry, envelope, materials, lighting and systems.

  2. Dramatically enhanced non-Ohmic properties and maximum stored energy density in ceramic-metal nanocomposites: CaCu3Ti4O12/Au nanoparticles

    PubMed Central

    2013-01-01

    Non-Ohmic and dielectric properties of a novel CaCu3Ti4O12/Au nanocomposite were investigated. Introduction of 2.5 vol.% Au nanoparticles in CaCu3Ti4O12 ceramics significantly reduced the loss tangent while its dielectric permittivity remained unchanged. The non-Ohmic properties of CaCu3Ti4O12/Au (2.5 vol.%) were dramatically improved. A nonlinear coefficient of ≈ 17.7 and breakdown electric field strength of 1.25 × 104 V/m were observed. The maximum stored energy density was found to be 25.8 kJ/m3, which is higher than that of pure CaCu3Ti4O12 by a factor of 8. Au addition at higher concentrations resulted in degradation of dielectric and non-Ohmic properties, which is described well by percolation theory. PMID:24257060

  3. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Ostapenko, Marina G., E-mail: artifakt@ispms.tsc.ru; Meisner, Ludmila L., E-mail: llm@ispms.tsc.ru; Lotkov, Aleksandr I., E-mail: lotkov@ispms.tsc.ru, E-mail: egu@ispms.tsc.ru

    In the work, we study the mechanisms of structural phase state formation in NiTi surface layers after low-energy pulsed electron beam irradiation depending on the electron beam energy density. It is revealed that after electron beam treatment of the NiTi specimens at energy densities E{sub 1} = 15 J/cm{sup 2}, E{sub 2} = 20 J/cm{sup 2}, and E{sub 3} = 30 J/cm{sup 2}, a series of effects is observed: the absence of the Ti2Ni phase and the presence of new peaks correspond to the B19′ martensite phase with monoclinic structure. Estimation of the relative volume content of the B2 andmore » B19′ phases from the total intensity of their peaks shows that the percentage of the martensite phase increases from ∼5 vol.% in the NiTi specimen irradiated at E{sub 1} = 15 J/cm{sup 2} to ∼80 vol.% in the NiTi specimen irradiated at E{sub 3} = 30 J/cm{sup 2}. It is found that in the NiTi specimens irradiated at E ≤ 20 J/cm{sup 2}, the layer that contains a martensite phase resides not on the surface but at some depth from it.« less

  4. Editorial

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    2003-06-01

    In December 2002 we announced some changes to Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics: an extended scope to highlight the wide range of articles published in the journal and a new definition of Letters to the Editor. As always, comments and suggestions are welcome and should be sent to jphysb@iop.org. Extended scope of J. Phys. B J. Phys. B covers all aspects of atomic, molecular and optical physics. We publish articles on the study of atoms, ions, molecules, condensates or clusters, from their structure and interactions with particles, photons, fields and surfaces to all aspects of spectroscopy. Quantum optics, non-linear optics, laser physics, astrophysics, plasma physics, chemical physics, optical cooling and trapping and other investigations where the objects of study are the elementary atomic, ionic or molecular properties of processes are also included. With the introduction of the BEC Matters! portal and IOP Select, J. Phys. B, one of the major contributors, offers authors of articles in this research area wider visibility and more flexible publication with the opportunity to display multimedia attachments or web links to key groups and results. The recent papers listed below reflect the wide scope of J. Phys. B: Calculation of cross sections for very low-energy hydrogen-antihydrogen scattering using the Kohn variational method E A G Armour and C W Chamberlain J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. Vol 35, No 22 (28 November 2002) L489-L494 Imaging the electron transfer reaction of Ne2+ with Ar using position-sensitive coincidence spectroscopy Sarah M Harper, Wan-Ping Hu and Stephen D Price J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. Vol 35, No 21 (14 November 2002) 4409-4423 Ultraviolet-infrared wavelength scalings for strong field induced L-shell emissions from Kr and Xe clusters Alex B Borisov, Xiangyang Song, Fabrizio Frigeni, Yang Dai, Yevgeniya Koshman, W Andreas Schroeder, Jack Davis, Keith Boyer and Charles K Rhodes J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. Vol 35, No 21 (14 November 2002) L461-L467 A Bose-Einstein condensate in an optical lattice J Hecker Denschlag, J E Simsarian, H Häffner, C McKenzie, A Browaeys, D Cho, K Helmerson, S L Rolston and W D Phillips J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. Vol 35, No 14 (28 July 2002) 3095-3110 Locality of a class of entangled states I R Senitzky J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. Vol 35, No 14 (28 July 2002) 3029-3039 Solitons and vortices in ultracold fermionic gases Tomasz Karpiuk, Miroslaw Brewczyk and Kazimierz Rzazewski J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. Vol 35, No 14 (28 July 2002) L315-L321 Stable islands in chaotic atom-optics billiards, caused by curved trajectories M F Andersen, A Kaplan, N Friedman and N Davidson J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. Vol 35, No 9 (14 May 2002) 2183-2190 Emission probability and photon statistics of a coherently driven mazer Jin Xiong and Zhi-Ming Zhang J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. Vol 35, No 9 (14 May 2002) 2159-2172 The Li+-H2 system in a rigid-rotor approximation: potential energy surface and transport coefficients I Røeggen, H R Skullerud, T H Løvaas and D K Dysthe J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. Vol 35, No 7 (14 April 2002) 1707-1725 The stochastic Gross-Pitaevskii equation C W Gardiner, J R Anglin and T I A Fudge J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. Vol 35, No 6 (28 March 2002) 1555-1582 Oxygen ion impurity in the TEXTOR tokamak boundary plasma observed and analysed by Zeeman spectroscopy J D Hey, C C Chu, S Brezinsek, Ph Mertens and B Unterberg J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. Vol 35, No 6 (28 March 2002) 1525-1553 Electron-hexafluoropropene (C3F6) scattering at intermediate energies Czeslaw Szmytkowski, Pawel Mozejko and Stanislaw Kwitnewski J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. Vol 35, No 5 (14 March 2002) 1267-1274 High-resolution investigations of C2 and CN optical emissions in laser-induced plasmas during graphite ablation S Acquaviva and M L De Giorgi J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. Vol 35, No 4 (28 February 2002) 795-806 New definition of a Letter to the Editor A Letter to the Editor should present new results, likely to stimulate further research and be of interest to the wider atomic, molecular and optical physics community. Above all the results should be sufficiently new and important to merit rapid publication as a Letter, which implies accelerated refereeing procedures. This should be made clear either in the body of the Letter, if appropriate, or with a supporting cover letter from the author on submission to the journal. Letters will have an upper limit of eight journal pages and, as an additional quality check, two referees instead of one will be used to review them. The Board will be asked to make a final publication decision in the event of two conflicting reports. With these measures in place it is hoped that the important new results will receive the exposure they deserve as a Letter. If you have any questions or comments on this or anything relating to J. Phys. B please contact Nicola Gulley, Publisher, J. Phys. B (E-mail: jphysb@iop.org).

  5. Dynamic volume vs respiratory correlated 4DCT for motion assessment in radiation therapy simulation.

    PubMed

    Coolens, Catherine; Bracken, John; Driscoll, Brandon; Hope, Andrew; Jaffray, David

    2012-05-01

    Conventional (i.e., respiratory-correlated) 4DCT exploits the repetitive nature of breathing to provide an estimate of motion; however, it has limitations due to binning artifacts and irregular breathing in actual patient breathing patterns. The aim of this work was to evaluate the accuracy and image quality of a dynamic volume, CT approach (4D(vol)) using a 320-slice CT scanner to minimize these limitations, wherein entire image volumes are acquired dynamically without couch movement. This will be compared to the conventional respiratory-correlated 4DCT approach (RCCT). 4D(vol) CT was performed and characterized on an in-house, programmable respiratory motion phantom containing multiple geometric and morphological "tumor" objects over a range of regular and irregular patient breathing traces obtained from 3D fluoroscopy and compared to RCCT. The accuracy of volumetric capture and breathing displacement were evaluated and compared with the ground truth values and with the results reported using RCCT. A motion model was investigated to validate the number of motion samples needed to obtain accurate motion probability density functions (PDF). The impact of 4D image quality on this accuracy was then investigated. Dose measurements using volumetric and conventional scan techniques were also performed and compared. Both conventional and dynamic volume 4DCT methods were capable of estimating the programmed displacement of sinusoidal motion, but patient breathing is known to not be regular, and obvious differences were seen for realistic, irregular motion. The mean RCCT amplitude error averaged at 4 mm (max. 7.8 mm) whereas the 4D(vol) CT error stayed below 0.5 mm. Similarly, the average absolute volume error was lower with 4D(vol) CT. Under irregular breathing, the 4D(vol) CT method provides a close description of the motion PDF (cross-correlation 0.99) and is able to track each object, whereas the RCCT method results in a significantly different PDF from the ground truth, especially for smaller tumors (cross-correlation ranging between 0.04 and 0.69). For the protocols studied, the dose measurements were higher in the 4D(vol) CT method (40%), but it was shown that significant mAs reductions can be achieved by a factor of 4-5 while maintaining image quality and accuracy. 4D(vol) CT using a scanner with a large cone-angle is a promising alternative for improving the accuracy with which respiration-induced motion can be characterized, particularly for patients with irregular breathing motion. This approach also generates 4DCT image data with a reduced total scan time compared to a RCCT scan, without the need for image binning or external respiration signals within the 16 cm scan length. Scan dose can be made comparable to RCCT by optimization of the scan parameters. In addition, it provides the possibility of measuring breathing motion for more than one breathing cycle to assess stability and obtain a more accurate motion PDF, which is currently not feasible with the conventional RCCT approach.

  6. Defense Threat Reduction Agency > Research > DTRIAC > DTRIAC Dispatch

    Science.gov Websites

    @mail.mil with your submissions. DTRIAC Dispatch - Vol 5, Issue 3 DTRIAC Dispatch - Vol 5, Issue 2 DTRIAC Dispatch - Vol 5, Issue 1 DTRIAC Dispatch - Vol 4, Issue 1 DTRIAC Dispatch - Vol 3, Issue 4 DTRIAC Dispatch - Vol 3, Issue 3 DTRIAC Dispatch - Vol 3, Issue 2 DTRIAC Dispatch - Vol 3, Issue 1 DTRIAC Dispatch - Vol

  7. Energy Relations in Natural and Artificial Diamagnetic Materials

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2016-06-09

    A.D. Yaghjian, “Extreme electromagnetic boundary conditions and their manifestation at the inner sur- faces of spherical and cylindrical cloaks ...at the inner sur- faces of spherical and cylindrical cloaks ,”Metamaterials Journal, vol. 4, pp. 70–76, August-September 2010. [6] A.D. Yaghjian

  8. Biofuels News, Fall 1998, Vol. 1, No. 4

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    ICF Kaiser

    1998-12-08

    This issue of the Biofuels News focuses on a new industry in renewable transportation fuel. BC International (BCI) became the first company to dedicate a facility to produce ethanol from agricultural residues. Also, featured is an article on the potential of switchgrass as an energy crop.

  9. China Report, Economic Affairs, Energy: Status and Development -- XXVI

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1984-04-09

    better technology for open-cut mining; — renovating 9 railway trunk lines while building 8 new ones, bringing the total number in the area up to 20 and...CSO: 4013/119 91 SUPPLEMENTAL SOURCES CHINA’S SOLAR ENERGY RESOURCE DISTRIBUTION ANALYZED Beijing TAIYANGNENG XUEBAO [ACTA ENERGIAE SOLARIS...Calculation in Our Country, TAIYANGNENG XUEBAO [ACTA ENERGIAE SOLARIS SINICA], Vol 1, 1980 pp 1-9. 12553 CSO: 4013/19 102 CONSERVATION CONSERVATION

  10. Analysis of Nuclear Propagation Effects Utilizing Wideband Satellite Data.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1981-04-01

    integrated phase spectral energy on scales shorter than - 30 km. Like the TEC, the standard deviation of phase depends on the effective thickness of...Vila, P., "Etude Experimentale de L’Anomalie lonospherique Equatoriale en Afrique en Periode de Minimum Solaire ," Annales de Geophysique, Vol. 22, No...AFRDSP AT[: OP 65 ATTN: AFRDSS 82 DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY CONTRACTORS Electronic Systems Div EG&U, Inc Air force

  11. Research Investigation Directed Toward Extending the Useful Range of the Electromagnetic Spectrum.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1981-03-31

    tunneling devices are predicted to undergo a transition from energy detectors to photon counters at frequencies where the photon energy becomes...Ed. (Springer-Verlag, Berlin/Heidelberg, 1977), vol. 19, Optical and Infrared Detectors , ch. 7, pp. 229-300. (16) M. C. Teich, Opt. Engineering 17...InSb, AuGe or a HgCdTe infrared detector . These detectors only viewed the emission through the appropriate infrared filters. The output from the

  12. Corrigendum to: Picosecond Laser Surface Cleaning of AM1 Superalloy. Proceeding of 9th International Conference on Photonic Technologies - LANE 2016 Physics Procedia (2016), vol. 83

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Moskal, D.; Martan, J.; Kučera, M.; Houdková, Š.; Kromer, R.

    Acknowledgements The result was developed within the CENTEM project, reg. no. CZ.1.05/2.1.00/03.0088, co-funded by the ERDF as part of the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic OP RDI program and in the follow-up sustainability stage, supported through CENTEM PLUS (LO1402) by financial means from the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports under the "National Sustainability Programme I" and project SGS-2016-005. The authors gratefully acknowledge the ANR (French agency) for financial assistance in the ARCOLE (12-BS09-0009) project and Safran Aircraft-Engines, Genevilliers France for the studied samples.

  13. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Splitter, Derek A; Szybist, James P

    The present study experimentally investigates spark-ignited combustion with 87 AKI E0 gasoline in its neat form and in mid-level alcohol-gasoline blends with 24% vol./vol. iso-butanol-gasoline (IB24) and 30% vol./vol. ethanol-gasoline (E30). A single-cylinder research engine is used with a low and high compression ratio of 9.2:1 and 11.85:1 respectively. The engine is equipped with hydraulically actuated valves, laboratory intake air, and is capable of external exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). All fuels are operated to full-load conditions with =1, using both 0% and 15% external cooled EGR. The results demonstrate that higher octane number bio-fuels better utilize higher compression ratios withmore » high stoichiometric torque capability. Specifically, the unique properties of ethanol enabled a doubling of the stoichiometric torque capability with the 11.85:1 compression ratio using E30 as compared to 87 AKI, up to 20 bar IMEPg at =1 (with 15% EGR, 18.5 bar with 0% EGR). EGR was shown to provide thermodynamic advantages with all fuels. The results demonstrate that E30 may further the downsizing and downspeeding of engines by achieving increased low speed torque, even with high compression ratios. The results suggest that at mid-level alcohol-gasoline blends, engine and vehicle optimization can offset the reduced fuel energy content of alcohol-gasoline blends, and likely reduce vehicle fuel consumption and tailpipe CO2 emissions.« less

  14. Synthesis and Characterization of Nitrogen-Doped Graphene

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2012-09-01

    have an even greater capacity for storing energy versus single-walled nanotubes [11]. A carbon-based aerogel (a composite material) also provides a...more with aerogels ," The Industrial Physicist, vol. 10, pp. 26-30, September 21, 2004. [13] M. Arulepp, J. Leis, M. Latt, F. Miller, K. Rumma, E

  15. Heating Efficiency of Beat Wave Excitation in a Density Gradient,

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1988-02-01

    and Technology, January 1988. PPG-1124 񓟣 Research Highlights in The Pisces Program," R.V. Conn, et al, January 1988. PPG-1125 "Magnetic Fusion ... Energy , vol. 5. Technical Assessement of Critical Issues in the Steady State Operation of Fusion Confinement Devices," D. M. Goebel, Assessment Chairman

  16. High energy density redox flow device

    DOEpatents

    Chiang, Yet -Ming; Carter, W. Craig; Duduta, Mihai; Limthongkul, Pimpa

    2015-10-06

    Redox flow devices are described including a positive electrode current collector, a negative electrode current collector, and an ion-permeable membrane separating said positive and negative current collectors, positioned and arranged to define a positive electroactive zone and a negative electroactive zone; wherein at least one of said positive and negative electroactive zone comprises a flowable semi-solid composition comprising ion storage compound particles capable of taking up or releasing said ions during operation of the cell, and wherein the ion storage compound particles have a polydisperse size distribution in which the finest particles present in at least 5 vol % of the total volume, is at least a factor of 5 smaller than the largest particles present in at least 5 vol % of the total volume.

  17. High energy density redox flow device

    DOEpatents

    Chiang, Yet-Ming; Carter, William Craig; Duduta, Mihai; Limthongkul, Pimpa

    2014-05-13

    Redox flow devices are described including a positive electrode current collector, a negative electrode current collector, and an ion-permeable membrane separating said positive and negative current collectors, positioned and arranged to define a positive electroactive zone and a negative electroactive zone; wherein at least one of said positive and negative electroactive zone comprises a flowable semi-solid composition comprising ion storage compound particles capable of taking up or releasing said ions during operation of the cell, and wherein the ion storage compound particles have a polydisperse size distribution in which the finest particles present in at least 5 vol % of the total volume, is at least a factor of 5 smaller than the largest particles present in at least 5 vol % of the total volume.

  18. Final grant report to the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE): Olga Taussky Todd Celebration of Careers in Mathematics for Women.

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Case, Bettye Anne

    2002-06-03

    This grant was proposed to be supplemental funding for a conference which would be documented by publication of conference information in the AWM Newsletter, and then inclusion of the Proceedings and other information generated in a book. The conference was held and documented in the AWM Newsletter (Vol. 29, No. 6; Vol. 30, No. 1 (attached)). Work is in progress on the extensive and complicated related publication which involves 50 authors beyond those from the conference. The Celebration was held at the Mathematical Sciences Research Institute in Berkeley, Calif. It was attended by over 100 women and men mathematicians. Plenarymore » talks, panels, and poster sessions were held.« less

  19. 3D Modelling of Seismically Active Parts of Underground Faults via Seismic Data Mining

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Frantzeskakis, Theofanis; Konstantaras, Anthony

    2015-04-01

    During the last few years rapid steps have been taken towards drilling for oil in the western Mediterranean sea. Since most of the countries in the region benefit mainly from tourism and considering that the Mediterranean is a closed sea only replenishing its water once every ninety years careful measures are being taken to ensure safe drilling. In that concept this research work attempts to derive a three dimensional model of the seismically active parts of the underlying underground faults in areas of petroleum interest. For that purpose seismic spatio-temporal clustering has been applied to seismic data to identify potential distinct seismic regions in the area of interest. Results have been coalesced with two dimensional maps of underground faults from past surveys and seismic epicentres, having followed careful reallocation processing, have been used to provide information regarding the vertical extent of multiple underground faults in the region of interest. The end product is a three dimensional map of the possible underground location and extent of the seismically active parts of underground faults. Indexing terms: underground faults modelling, seismic data mining, 3D visualisation, active seismic source mapping, seismic hazard evaluation, dangerous phenomena modelling Acknowledgment This research work is supported by the ESPA Operational Programme, Education and Life Long Learning, Students Practical Placement Initiative. References [1] Alves, T.M., Kokinou, E. and Zodiatis, G.: 'A three-step model to assess shoreline and offshore susceptibility to oil spills: The South Aegean (Crete) as an analogue for confined marine basins', Marine Pollution Bulletin, In Press, 2014 [2] Ciappa, A., Costabile, S.: 'Oil spill hazard assessment using a reverse trajectory method for the Egadi marine protected area (Central Mediterranean Sea)', Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol. 84 (1-2), pp. 44-55, 2014 [3] Ganas, A., Karastathis, V., Moshou, A., Valkaniotis, S., Mouzakiotis, E. and Papathanassiou, G.: 'Aftershock relocation and frequency-size distribution, stress inversion and seismotectonic setting of the 7 August 2013 M=5.4 earthquake in Kallidromon Mountain, central Greece', Tectonophysics, vol. 617, pp. 101-113, 2014 [4] Maravelakis, E., Bilalis, N., Mantzorou, I., Konstantaras, A. and Antoniadis, A.: '3D modelling of the oldest olive tree of the world', International Journal Of Computational Engineering Research, vol. 2 (2), pp. 340-347, 2012 [5] Konstantaras, A., Katsifarakis, E, Maravelakis, E, Skounakis, E, Kokkinos, E. and Karapidakis, E.: 'Intelligent spatial-clustering of seismicity in the vicinity of the Hellenic seismic arc', Earth Science Research, vol. 1 (2), pp. 1- 10, 2012 [6] Georgoulas, G., Konstantaras, A., Katsifarakis, E., Stylios, C., Maravelakis, E and Vachtsevanos, G.: 'Seismic-mass" density-based algorithm for spatio-temporal clustering', Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 40 (10), pp. 4183-4189, 2013 [7] Konstantaras, A.: 'Classification of Distinct Seismic Regions and Regional Temporal Modelling of Seismicity in the Vicinity of the Hellenic Seismic Arc', Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, IEEE Journal of', vol. 99, pp. 1-7, 2013

  20. Simulation of Adaptive Seat Energy Absorber for Military Rotorcraft Crash Safety Enhancement

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2014-04-01

    design guidelines and detailed requirements were developed for military crew seats as defined in MIL-S-85510(AS) (12) and for civil rotorcraft seats in...rotorcraft vertical crash pulse as stipulated in military design standards was used to evaluate the performance of MREA seat energy absorber with a...Desjardins, S. P.; Zimmerman, R. E.; Bolukbasi, A. O.; Merritt, N. A. Aircraft Crash Survival Design Guide Vol. IV – Aircraft Seats , Restraints, Litters

  1. VizieR Online Data Catalog: Carlsberg Meridian Catalog, Vol. 4 (CMC4, 1989)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Copenhagen University, Obs.; Royal Greenwich, Obs.

    1995-11-01

    The Carlsberg Meridian Catalogues give accurate positions, proper motions and magnitudes of stars north of declination -45deg and down to 15th magnitude. They also contain observations of the solar system objects: Mars, Callisto, Saturn, Titan, Iapetus, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto, and many minor planets. Typical mean errors for an entry are 0.1arcsec in position, 3mas/yr in proper motion, and 0.05mag in magnitude. The stars observed belong to a large number of observing programmes typically dealing with the reference frame or with galactic kinematics. The Carlsberg Automatic Meridian Circle on La Palma is operated by Copenhagen University Observatory, Royal Greenwich Observatory, and Real Instituto y Observatorio de la Armada at the Observatory del Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias. For a detailed introduction, please refer to the printed catalogue. A description of the programme may also be found in the 1993 paper by Fabricius (=1993BICDS..42....5F), from which the present description is derived. This 4th volume corresponds to observations made from May 1984 to February 1988. It supersedes the first three volumes. (4 data files).

  2. Flammability limits of lithium-ion battery thermal runaway vent gas in air and the inerting effects of halon 1301

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Karp, Matthew Eugene

    Lithium-ion (rechargeable) and lithium-metal (non-rechargeable) battery cells put aircraft at risk of igniting and fueling fires. Lithium batteries can be packed in bulk and shipped in the cargo holds of freighter aircraft; currently lithium batteries are banned from bulk shipment on passenger aircraft [1]. The federally regulated Class C cargo compartment extinguishing system's utilization of a 5 %vol Halon 1301 knockdown concentration and a sustained 3 %vol Halon 1301 may not be sufficient at inerting lithium-ion battery vent gas and air mixtures [2]. At 5 %vol Halon 1301 the flammability limits of lithium-ion premixed battery vent gas (Li-Ion pBVG) in air range from 13.80 %vol to 26.07 %vol Li-Ion pBVG. Testing suggests that 8.59 %vol Halon 1301 is required to render all ratios of the Li-Ion pBVG in air inert. The lower flammability limit (LFL) and upper flammability limit (UFL) of hydrogen and air mixtures are 4.95 %vol and 76.52 %vol hydrogen, respectively. With the addition of 10 %vol and 20 %vol Halon 1301 the LFL is 9.02 %vol and 11.55 %vol hydrogen, respectively, and the UFL is 45.70 %vol and 28.39 %vol hydrogen, respectively. The minimum inerting concentration (MIC) of Halon 1301 in hydrogen and air mixtures is 26.72 %vol Halon 1301 at 16.2 %vol hydrogen. The LFL and UFL of Li-Ion pBVG and air mixtures are 7.88 %vol and 37.14 %vol Li-Ion pBVG, respectively. With the addition of 5 %vol, 7 %vol, and 8 %vol Halon 1301 the LFL is 13.80 %vol, 16.15 %vol, and 17.62 % vol Li-Ion pBVG, respectively, and the UFL is 26.07 %vol, 23.31 %vol, and 21.84 %vol Li- Ion pBVG, respectively. The MIC of Halon 1301 in Li-Ion pBVG and air mixtures is 8.59 %vol Halon 1301 at 19.52 %vol Li-Ion pBVG. Le Chatelier's mixing rule has been shown to be an effective measure for estimating the flammability limits of Li-Ion pBVGes. The LFL has a 1.79 % difference while the UFL has a 4.53 % difference. The state of charge (SOC) affects the flammability limits in an apparent parabolic manner, where the widest flammability limits are at or near 100 % SOC. [1] IATA. Lithium Battery Guidance Document. 7 Jan. 2016. Guidance for complying with provisions applicable to the transport by air of lithium batteries as set out in the 57th Edition of the IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations (DGR). [2] Webster, Harry. Flammability assessment of bulk-packed, rechargeable lithium-ion cells in transport category aircraft. Office of Aviation Research, Federal Aviation Administration, 2006.

  3. 75 FR 55342 - Buy American Exceptions Under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-09-10

    ... Jacksonville Housing Authority for the purchase and installation of programmable thermostats, compact... manufactured goods (programmable thermostats, CFL bulbs, and ENERGY STAR-qualified ceiling fans) are not...

  4. The Insidious Nature of "Hard-Core" Alternative Conceptions: Implications for the Constructivist Research Programme of Patterns in High School Students' and Pre-Service Teachers' Thinking about Ionisation Energy

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Taber, Keith S.; Tan, Kim Chwee Daniel

    2011-01-01

    The present study contributes to the constructivist research programme (RP) into learning science by comparing patterns in responses from two groups of learners--senior high school students and pre-service teachers--in the same educational context (Singapore), to a diagnostic instrument relating to the topic of ionisation energies. This topic is…

  5. Experiment on the Effects of Storage Duration of Biodiesel produced from Crude Palm Oil, Waste Cooking oil and Jatropha

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Nanihar, Nadiarulah; Khalid, Amir; Mustaffa, Norrizal; Jaat, Norrizam; Sapit, Azwan; Razali, Azahari; Sunar, Norshuhaila Mohamed

    2017-10-01

    Biodiesel based on vegetable oil is an alternative that had various advantage in term of sustainability and environmental attractive compare to others conventional diesel. Biodiesel is product of any fat or oil that derived from any organic sources through a refinery process called transesterification process. This research investigates the effects of storage duration and variant ambient condition on the biodiesel properties and characteristics. In this study, there are three types of blending which is 5vol% blends ( 5vol% plant oil 95vol% diesel), 10vol% blending (10vol% plant oil and 90vol% diesel) and 15vol% blending (15vol% plant oil and 85vol% diesel) each called CPO5 (crude palm oil 5vol%), CPO10 (crude palm oil 10vol%),CPO15 (crude palm oil 15vol%), JO5 (jatropha oil 5vol%), JO10 (jatropha oil 10vol%),and JO15 (jatropha oil 15vol%) respectively. Biodiesel samples were stored at indoor condition and outdoor condition for a 3 months period. The fuel properties such as acid value, viscosity, density, water content and flash point are observed with the laboratory instrument. Flash point value and water content increased under both of indoor and outdoor condition and a steady data for viscosity and density. However, acid value at indoor condition nearly constant but increased dramatically for outdoor condition over the time.

  6. DRDC Power and Energy S and T Option Analysis and Recommendations : A Response to Cross-Cutting Client SandT Requirements

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2015-06-01

    Measurement of radiative and nonradiative recombination rates in InGaAsP and AlGaAs light sources’, IEEE J. Quantum Electron., 1984, QE-20, (8), pp. 838–854 ELECTRONICS LETTERS 16th September 2004 Vol. 40 No. 19

  7. Reengineering Aircraft Structural Life Prediction Using a Digital Twin

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2011-01-01

    that exaflop-per-second computers will become available: “extrapolation of current hardware trends suggests that exascale systems could be available in...vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 339–350, 2002. [4] H. Simon, T. Zacharia, and R. Stevens, Modeling and Sim- ulation at the Exascale for Energy and the Environment

  8. Soviet Cybernetics Review, Vol. 3, No. 9, September 1969.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Holland, Wade B., Ed.

    The issue features articles and photographs of computers displayed at the Automation-69 Exhibition in Moscow, especially the Mir-1 and Ruta-110. Also discussed are the Doza analog computer for radiological dosage; 'on-the-fly' output printers; other ways to increase computer speed and productivity; and the planned ultra-high-energy 1000-Bev…

  9. Statistical and Adaptive Signal Processing for UXO Discrimination for Next-Generation Sensor Data

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2009-09-01

    using the energies of all polarizations as features in a KNN classifier variant resulted in 100% probability of detection at a probability of false...International Conference on Acoustics, Speech , and Signal Processing, vol. V, 2005, pp. 885-888. [12] C. Kreucher, K. Kastella, and A. O. Hero

  10. System Assessment of Carbon Dioxide Used as Gas Oxidant and Coolant in Vanadium-Extraction Converter

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Du, Wei Tong; Wang, Yu; Liang, Xiao Ping

    2017-10-01

    With the aim of reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and of using waste resources in steel plants, the use of CO2 as a gas oxidant and coolant in the converter to increase productivity and energy efficiency was investigated in this study. Experiments were performed in combination with thermodynamic theory on vanadium-extraction with CO2 and oxygen (O2) mixed injections. The results indicate that the temperature of the hot metal bath decreased as the amount of CO2 introduced into O2 increased. At an injection of 85 vol.% O2 and 15 vol.% CO2, approximately 12% of additional carbon was retained in the hot metal. Moreover, the content of vanadium trioxide in the slag was higher. In addition, the O2 consumption per ton of hot metal was reduced by 8.5% and additional chemical energy was recovered by the controlled injection of CO2 into the converter. Therefore, using CO2 as a gas coolant was conducive to vanadium extraction, and O2 consumption was reduced.

  11. Controlling alpha tracks registration in Makrofol DE 1-1 detector

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hassan, N. M.; Hanafy, M. S.; Naguib, A.; El-Saftawy, A. A.

    2017-09-01

    Makrofol DE 1-1 is a recent type of solid state nuclear track detectors could be used to measure radon concentration in the environment throughout the detection of α-particles emitted from radon decay. Thus, studying the physical parameters that control the formation of alpha tracks is vital for environmental radiation protection. Makrofol DE 1-1 polycarbonate detector was irradiated by α-particles of energies varied from 2 to 5 MeV emitted from the 241Am source of α-particle energy of 5.5 MeV. Then, the detector was etched in an optimum etching solution of mixed ethyl alcohol in KOH aqueous solution of (85% (Vol.) of 6 M KOH + 15% (Vol.) C2H5OH) at 50 °C for 3 h. Afterward, the bulk etch rate, etching sensitivity, and the registration efficiency of the detector, which control the tracks registration, were measured. The bulk etch rate of Makrofol detector was found to be 3.71 ± 0.71 μm h-1. The etching sensitivity and the detector registration efficiency were decreased exponentially with α-particles' energies following Bragg curve. A precise registration of α-particle was presented in this study. Therefore, Makrofol DE 1-1 can be applied as a radiation dosimeter as well as radon and thoron monitors.

  12. A System Scale Theory for Fast Magnetic Reconnection

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Knoll, D.; Chacon, L.; Lapenta, G.

    2005-12-01

    Magnetic reconnection is at the root of explosive phenomena such as solar flares, coronal mass ejections, plasmoid ejection from earth's magnetotail and major disruptions in magnetic fusion energy experiments. Plasmas in all the above mentioned cases are known to have negligible electric resistivity. This small resistivity can not explain the reconnection time scales observed in nature, when using the resistive MHD model. Recently much progress has been made considering the Hall MHD model. Hall physics has been shown to facility fast reconnection when the magnetic field shear scale length is in the order of the ion inertial length. However, in many systems of interest the initial scale lengths of the problem can not justify the use of Hall MHD. Thus a successful system scale theory must involve a current sheet thinning mechanism which brings the relevant scales down to the Hall scales. In this presentation we give examples of how naturally occurring hydrodynamic flows can provide such current sheet thinning [1,2,3] and where these occur in solar [4] and magnetosphere application [5]. We also discuss the primary obstacle for such flow to drive current sheet thinning, the build up of magnetic pressure, and how Hall MHD may overcome this obstacle. [1] Knoll and Brackbill, Phys. Plasmas, vol. 9, 2002 [2] Knoll and Chacon, PRL, vol. 88, 2002 [3] Knoll and Chacon, Phys. Plasmas, 2005 (submitted) [4] Lapenta and Knoll, ApJ, vol. 624, 2005 [5] Brackbill and Knoll, PRL, vol. 86, 2001

  13. A Computationally Efficient Algorithm for Disturbance Cancellation to Meet the Requirements for Optical Payloads in Satellites

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2001-09-01

    starting from the energy approach, but unfortunately the geometry assumed in their work does not apply to the hexapods available at the Satellite...harmonics multiple of 1Hz, which was the difference between the two frequencies. The two assigned frequencies were actually suppressed, but the energy ...Audio Processing, Vol. 3, No. 3, May 1995, pp. 217–222. [20] Li, D. and Salcudean, S. E., “Modeling, Simulation and Control of a Hidraulic Stewart Plat

  14. Enhanced Contacts for Inverted Metamorphic Multi-Junction Solar Cells Using Carbon Nanotube Metal Matrix Composites

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2018-01-18

    to a variety solar energy markets. For instance, micro-cracks have been shown to cause decreased power output in single- and multi-crystalline Si PV ...fingers in silicon wafer solar cells and PV modules," Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, vol. 108, pp. 78-81, 1// 2013. [4] T. H. Reijenga and H...AFRL-RV-PS- AFRL-RV-PS- TR-2017-0125 TR-2017-0125 ENHANCED CONTACTS FOR INVERTED METAMORPHIC MULTI-JUNCTION SOLAR CELLS USING CARBON NANOTUBE METAL

  15. Robust Battery Fuel Gauge Algorithm Development, Part 3: State of Charge Tracking

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2014-10-19

    X. Zhang, F. Sun, and J. Fan, “State-of-charge estimation of the lithium - ion battery using an adaptive extended kalman filter based on an improved...framework with ex- tended kalman filter for lithium - ion battery soc and capacity estimation,” Applied Energy, vol. 92, pp. 694–704, 2012. [16] X. Hu, F...Sun, and Y. Zou, “Estimation of state of charge of a lithium - ion battery pack for electric vehicles using an adaptive luenberger observer,” Energies

  16. Production of Neutral Beams from Negative Ion Beam Systems in the USSR

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1982-12-01

    research is to produce long-pulse and CW high-energy neutral beams. The Oak Ridge National Laboratory ( ORNL ) has been concentrating on the direct extraction...next generation of mirror devices [1II. ORNL is using a cesium converter to produce negative ions from low-energy positive ions from a duopigatron ion...with Formation of Highly Excited Hydrogen Atoms," ZhTF, Vol. 36, No. 7, 1966, p. 1241 . 107. Kartashev, K. B., V. I. Pistunovich, V. V. Platonov, V. D

  17. Synthesis of ceramic-based porous gradient structures for applications in energy conversion and related fields

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Graule, Thomas; Ozog, Paulina; Durif, Caroline; Wilkens-Heinecke, Judit; Kata, Dariusz

    2016-06-01

    Porous, graded ceramic structures are of high relevance in the field of energy conversion as well as in catalysis, and additionally in filtration technology and in biomedical applications. Among different technologies for the tailored design for such structures we demonstrate here a new environmental friendly UV curing-based concept to prepare laminated structures with pore sizes ranging from a few microns up to 50 microns in diameter and with porosities ranging from 10% up to 75 vol.% porosity.

  18. [The effect of halothane on the fructose metabolism in the liver].

    PubMed

    Götz, E; Scholz, R

    1975-10-01

    Glucose production from frutose (2 mmol) and fructolysis was studied in perfused rat liver. In the presence of halothane (0.5, 1.5, and 4.0 vol%) glucose production was inhibited, whereas lactate production was stimulated. Total fructose metabolism was unchanged. Since halogenated hydrocarbon compounds are known to inhibit the mitochondrial respiratory chain, it is concluded that glucose synthesis is inhibited due to decreased supply of energy-rich phosphates from oxidative phosphorylation. On the other hand, this depletion of energy may be partially compensated for by an increased extramitochondrial energy production due to fructolysis.

  19. Cogeneration Technology Alternatives Study (CTAS). Volume 2: Analytical approach

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Gerlaugh, H. E.; Hall, E. W.; Brown, D. H.; Priestley, R. R.; Knightly, W. F.

    1980-01-01

    The use of various advanced energy conversion systems were compared with each other and with current technology systems for their savings in fuel energy, costs, and emissions in individual plants and on a national level. The ground rules established by NASA and assumptions made by the General Electric Company in performing this cogeneration technology alternatives study are presented. The analytical methodology employed is described in detail and is illustrated with numerical examples together with a description of the computer program used in calculating over 7000 energy conversion system-industrial process applications. For Vol. 1, see 80N24797.

  20. Greening the Grid: Pathways to Integrate 175 Gigawatts of Renewable Energy into India's Electric Grid, Vol. II - Regional Study

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Cochran, Jaquelin M.; Palchak, Joseph D; McBennett, Brendan

    The higher-spatial-resolution model of 'Greening the Grid: Pathways to Integrate 175 Gigawatts of Renewable Energy into India's Electric Grid, Vol. II - Regional Study' (the Regional Study), which better represents the impact of congestion on least-cost scheduling and dispatch, provides a deeper understanding of the relationship among renewable energy (RE) location, transmission, and system flexibility with regard to RE integration, compared to 'Greening the Grid: Pathways to Integrate 175 Gigawatts of Renewable Energy into India's Electric Grid, Vol. I - National Study.' The Regional Study validates the relative value of mitigation strategies demonstrated in the National Study - namely, coordinatedmore » operations among states reduce production costs, and reducing coal minimum generation levels reduces RE curtailment. Significantly, the Regional Study also highlights a potential barrier to realizing the value of these mitigation strategies: when locations of RE development are planned independently of state-level transmission, intrastate congestion can result in undesirable levels of RE curtailment. Therefore a key objective of this study is to illustrate to state-level power system planners and operators, in particular, how a higher-resolution model, inclusive of intrastate granularity, can be used as a planning tool for two primary purposes: -To better anticipate, understand, and mitigate system constraints that could affect RE integration; and - To provide a modeling framework that can be used as part of future transmission studies and planning efforts. The Regional Study is not intended to predict precisely how RE will affect state-level operations. There is considerable uncertainty regarding the locations of the RE development, as well as how contract terms can affect access to the inherent physical flexibility of the system. But the scenarios analyzed identify the types of issues that can arise under various RE and transmission expansion pathways. The model developed for this study provides a rigorous framework for future work and can be updated with the characteristics of new capacity as more information on the future power system is known.« less

  1. Slurry-pressing consolidation of silicon nitride

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Sanders, William A.; Kiser, James D.; Freedman, Marc R.

    1988-01-01

    A baseline slurry-pressing method for a silicon nitride material is developed. The Si3N4 composition contained 5.8 wt percent SiO2 and 6.4 wt percent Y2O3. Slurry-pressing variables included volume percent solids, application of ultrasonic energy, and pH. Twenty vol percent slurry-pressed material was approximately 11 percent stronger than both 30 vol percent slurry-pressed and dry-pressed materials. The Student's t-test showed the difference to be significant at the 99 percent confidence level. Twenty volume percent (300 h) slurry-pressed test bars exhibited strengths as high as 980 MPa. Large, columnar beta-Si3N4 grains caused failure in the highest strength specimens. The improved strength correlated with better structural uniformity as determined by radiography, optical microscopy, and image analysis.

  2. Thermodynamics of micelle formation in a water-alcohol solution of sodium tetradecyl sulfate

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Shilova, S. V.; Tret'yakova, A. Ya.; Barabanov, V. P.

    2016-01-01

    The effects of addition of ethanol and propan-1-ol on sodium tetradecyl sulfate micelle formation in an aqueous solution are studied via microprobe fluorescence microscopy and conductometry. The critical micelle concentration, quantitative characteristics of micelles, and thermodynamic parameters of micelle formation are determined. Addition of 5-15 vol % of ethanol or 5-10 vol % of propan-1-ol is shown to result in a lower critical micelle concentration than in the aqueous solution, and in the formation of mixed spherical micelles whose sizes and aggregation numbers are less than those for the systems without alcohol. The contribution from the enthalpy factor to the free energy of sodium tetradecyl sulfate micelle formation is found to dominate in mixed solvents, in contrast to aqueous solutions.

  3. Oxidation of ZrB2-SiC

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Opila, Elizabeth J.; Halbig, Michael C.

    2001-01-01

    In this paper the oxidation behavior of ZrB2-20 vol% SiC is examined. Samples were exposed in stagnant air in a zirconia furnace (Deltech, Inc.) at temperatures of 1327, 1627, and 1927 C for ten ten-minute cycles. Samples were removed from the furnace after one, five, and ten cycles. Oxidized material was characterized by mass change when possible, x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Oxidation kinetics, oxide scale development, and matrix recession were monitored as a function of time and temperature. Oxidation and recession rates of ZrB2 - 20 vol% SiC were adequately modeled by parabolic kinetics. Oxidation rates of this material are rapid, allowing only very short-term application in air or other high oxygen partial pressure environments.

  4. High energy density redox flow device

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Carter, W. Craig; Chiang, Yet-Ming; Duduta, Mihai

    2017-04-04

    Redox flow devices are described including a positive electrode current collector, a negative electrode current collector, and an ion-permeable membrane separating said positive and negative current collectors, positioned and arranged to define a positive electroactive zone and a negative electroactive zone; wherein at least one of said positive and negative electroactive zone comprises a flowable semi-solid composition comprising ion storage compound particles capable of taking up or releasing said ions during operation of the cell, and wherein the ion storage compound particles have a polydisperse size distribution in which the finest particles present in at least 5 vol % ofmore » the total volume, is at least a factor of 5 smaller than the largest particles present in at least 5 vol % of the total volume.« less

  5. IONAC-Lite

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Torgerson, Jordan L.; Clare, Loren P.; Pang, Jackson

    2011-01-01

    The Interplanetary Overlay Net - working Protocol Accelerator (IONAC) described previously in The Inter - planetary Overlay Networking Protocol Accelerator (NPO-45584), NASA Tech Briefs, Vol. 32, No. 10, (October 2008) p. 106 (http://www.techbriefs.com/component/ content/article/3317) provides functions that implement the Delay Tolerant Networking (DTN) bundle protocol. New missions that require high-speed downlink-only use of DTN can now be accommodated by the unidirectional IONAC-Lite to support high data rate downlink mission applications. Due to constrained energy resources, a conventional software implementation of the DTN protocol can provide only limited throughput for any given reasonable energy consumption rate. The IONAC-Lite DTN Protocol Accelerator is able to reduce this energy consumption by an order of magnitude and increase the throughput capability by two orders of magnitude. In addition, a conventional DTN implementation requires a bundle database with a considerable storage requirement. In very high downlink datarate missions such as near-Earth radar science missions, the storage space utilization needs to be maximized for science data and minimized for communications protocol-related storage needs. The IONAC-Lite DTN Protocol Accelerator is implemented in a reconfigurable hardware device to accomplish exactly what s needed for high-throughput DTN downlink-only scenarios. The following are salient features of the IONAC-Lite implementation: An implementation of the Bundle Protocol for an environment that requires a very high rate bundle egress data rate. The C&DH (command and data handling) subsystem is also expected to be very constrained so the interaction with the C&DH processor and the temporary storage are minimized. Fully pipelined design so that bundle processing database is not required. Implements a lookup table-based approach to eliminate multi-pass processing requirement imposed by the Bundle Protocol header s length field structure and the SDNV (self-delimiting numeric value) data field formatting. 8-bit parallel datapath to support high data-rate missions. Reduced resource utilization implementation for missions that do not require custody transfer features. There was no known implementation of the DTN protocol in a field programmable gate array (FPGA) device prior to the current implementation. The combination of energy and performance optimization that embodies this design makes the work novel.

  6. Wood for energy and rural development: the Philippine experience

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Denton, F.H.

    1983-01-01

    The Philippine wood energy programme (dendro-thermal system) was originally developed as a source of energy independent of imported oil, and at a lower cost than oil. It has social benefits: new jobs, land distribution, rural income increment, and reforestation by tree farmers. Tree farming, its administration and organization of farmer institutions are essential to the programme, as are the development of farming techniques to produce energy, trees (growth of ipil-ipil), and an improved tree growth rate. An analysis of the economics of wood energy led to the conclusion that raw wood fuel can be cheaper than oil. In estimated costsmore » of electricity, the dendro-thermal plants can produce power at competitive rates. 36 references.« less

  7. Consumer behaviours: Teaching children to save energy

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Grønhøj, Alice

    2016-08-01

    Energy-saving programmes are increasingly targeted at children to encourage household energy conservation. A study involving the assignment of energy-saving interventions to Girl Scouts shows that a child-focused intervention can improve energy-saving behaviours among children and their parents.

  8. Method for obtaining electron energy-density functions from Langmuir-probe data using a card-programmable calculator

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Longhurst, G.R.

    This paper presents a method for obtaining electron energy density functions from Langmuir probe data taken in cool, dense plasmas where thin-sheath criteria apply and where magnetic effects are not severe. Noise is filtered out by using regression of orthogonal polynomials. The method requires only a programmable calculator (TI-59 or equivalent) to implement and can be used for the most general, nonequilibrium electron energy distribution plasmas. Data from a mercury ion source analyzed using this method are presented and compared with results for the same data using standard numerical techniques.

  9. Poland becoming a member of the Global Nuclear Energy Partnership, Vol. 2.

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Koritarov, V. K.; Conzelmann, G.; Cirillo, R. R.

    Within a constrained carbon environment, the risks of future natural gas supply, and the need to move to market-based electricity prices, the study team found: (1) the deployment of new nuclear energy in Poland itself is very competitive in the next decade or two; (2) if such generation could be made available to Poland prior to deployment of its own nuclear generation facilities, Poland would benefit from partnering with its Baltic neighbors to import electricity derived from new nuclear generation facilities sited in Lithuania; and (3) Poland appears to be a good candidate for a partnership in the Global Nuclearmore » Energy Partnership (GNEP) as an emerging nuclear energy country.« less

  10. Poland becoming a member of the Global Nuclear Energy Partnership, Vol. 1.

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Koritarov, V. K.; Conzelmann, G.; Cirillo, R. R.

    Within a constrained carbon environment, the risks of future natural gas supply, and the need to move to market-based electricity prices, the study team found: (1) the deployment of new nuclear energy in Poland itself is very competitive in the next decade or two; (2) if such generation could be made available to Poland prior to deployment of its own nuclear generation facilities, Poland would benefit from partnering with its Baltic neighbors to import electricity derived from new nuclear generation facilities sited in Lithuania; and (3) Poland appears to be a good candidate for a partnership in the Global Nuclearmore » Energy Partnership (GNEP) as an emerging nuclear energy country.« less

  11. Investigation of Methods to Predict Thermal Stratification and Its Effect on Solar Energy System Performance.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1980-05-01

    International Conference, Vol 1, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia (November 1975), pp 508-510. + C. W. J. Van Koppen, L. S. Fischer, and A. Dijkmans ...S. Fischer, and A. Dijkmans , "Stratification Effects in te Short and Long Term Storage of Solar Heat," Proceed- ings, 1978 meeting of Amercan Sec

  12. 77 FR 12721 - Delegation of Reporting Function Specified In Section 1043 of the National Defense Authorization...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-03-02

    ... #0; #0; #0; Presidential Documents #0; #0; #0;#0;Federal Register / Vol. 77, No. 42 / Friday... of Energy By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United... to publish this memorandum in the Federal Register. (Presidential Sig.) THE WHITE HOUSE, Washington...

  13. National Program for Solar Heating and Cooling of Buildings. Project Data Summaries. Vol. II: Demonstration Support.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Energy Research and Development Administration, Washington, DC. Div. of Solar Energy.

    Brief abstracts of projects funded by the Energy Research and Development Administration (ERDA) and conducted under the National Program for Solar Heating and Cooling of Buildings are presented in three volumes. This, the second volume, identifies the major efforts currently underway in support of the national program. The National Aeronautics and…

  14. PROGRAM ASTEC (ADVANCED SOLAR TURBO ELECTRIC CONCEPT). PART IV. SOLAR COLLECTOR DEVELOPMENT SUPPORT TASKS. VOL. VII. ENGINEERING DEVELOPMENT GROUND TEST PLAN FOR THE ASTEC SOLAR ENERGY COLLECTOR.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    optical, and structural integrity of the full scale ASTEC solar collector before further development proceeds. This document specifies these initial...engineering ground tests recommended for testing petals and other critical components of the ASTEC collector. It defines the requirements and

  15. Three-Dimensional Acoustic Propagation Through Shallow Water Internal, Surface Gravity and Bottom Sediment Waves

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2011-09-01

    energy never ends. I am also very pleased to have Dr. William M. Carey, Dr. Henrik Schmidt, Dr. Glen G. Gawarkiewicz and Dr. Pierre Lermusiaux on my...Internal Waves for Multi- Megameter Acoustic Propagation in the Ocean, J. Acoust. Soc. Amer., Vol. 100, P. 3607-3620, 1996. [6] J.R. Apel , M. Badiey

  16. Paul D. Boyer, Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP), and the Binding Change

    Science.gov Websites

    -- October 1975, DOE Technical Report, 1975 A Perspective of the Binding Change Mechanism for ATP Synthesis Reports, Vol. 18, No. 3, 1998 ATP Synthesis and the Binding Change Mechanism: The Work of Paul D. Boyer Mechanism of ATP Synthesis Additional Web Pages: Adenosine Triphosphate: The Energy Currency of Life Paul D

  17. 18th International Mouse Genome Conference

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Lossie, Amy C.; Meehan, Thomas P.; Castillo, Andrew

    2005-07-01

    The 18th International Mouse Genome Conference was held in Seattle, WA, US on October 18-22,2004. The meeting was partially supported by the Department of Energy, Grant No. DE-FG02-04ER63851. Abstracts can be seen at imgs.org and the summary of the meeting was published in Mammalian Genome, Vol 16, Number 7, Pages 471-475.

  18. National Program for Solar Heating and Cooling of Buildings. Project Date Summaries. Vol. I: Commercial and Residential Demonstrations.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Energy Research and Development Administration, Washington, DC. Div. of Solar Energy.

    Three volumes present brief abstracts of projects funded by the Energy Research and Development Administration (ERDA) and conducted under the National Program for Solar Heating and Cooling of Buildings through July 1976. The overall federal program includes demonstrations of heating and/or combined cooling for residential and commercial buildings…

  19. The Effects of Architecture and Process on the Hardness of Programmable Technologies

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Katz, Richard; Wang, J. J.; Reed, R.; Kleyner, I.; DOrdine, M.; McCollum, J,; Cronquist, B.; Howard, J.

    1999-01-01

    Architecture and process, combined, significantly affect the hardness of programmable technologies. The effects of high energy ions, ferroelectric memory architectures, and shallow trench isolation are investigated. A detailed single event latchup (SEL) study has been performed.

  20. Geothermal projects funded under the NER 300 programme - current state of development and knowledge gained

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Shortall, Ruth; Uihlein, Andreas

    2017-04-01

    Introduction The NER 300 programme, managed by the European Commission is one of the largest funding programmes for innovative low-carbon energy demonstration projects. NER 300 is so called because it is funded from the sale of 300 million emission allowances from the new entrants' reserve (NER) set up for the third phase of the EU emissions trading system (ETS). The programme aims to successfully demonstrate environmentally safe carbon capture and storage (CCS) and innovative renewable energy (RES) technologies on a commercial scale with a view to scaling up production of low-carbon technologies in the EU. Consequently, it supports a wide range of CCS and RES technologies (bioenergy, concentrated solar power, photovoltaics, geothermal, wind, ocean, hydropower, and smart grids). Funded projects and the role of geothermal projects for the programme In total, about EUR 2.1 billion have been awarded through the programme's 2 calls for proposals (the first awarded in December 2012, the second in July 2014). The programme has awarded around EUR 70 million funding to 3 geothermal projects in Hungary, Croatia and France. The Croatian geothermal project will enter into operation during 2017 the Hungarian in 2018, and the French in 2020. Knowledge Sharing Knowledge sharing requirements are built into the legal basis of the programme as a critical tool to lower risks in bridging the transition to large-scale production of innovative renewable energy and CCS deployment. Projects have to submit annually to the European Commission relevant knowledge gained during that year in the implementation of their project. The relevant knowledge is aggregated and disseminated by the European Commission to industry, research, government, NGO and other interest groups and associations in order to provide a better understanding of the practical challenges that arise in the important step of scaling up technologies and operating them at commercial scale. The knowledge sharing of the NER 300 programme should lead to better planning and faster introduction of low carbon technologies in the future. Content of the presentation The presentation will introduce the geothermal projects that have been awarded funding (see Annex), including their state-of-play. Insights and knowledge gained from the projects that have entered into operation will be shown and discussed. Furthermore, the presentation will provide an overview of the NER 300 programme.

  1. Grain Size and Phase Purity Characterization of U 3Si 2 Pellet Fuel

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Hoggan, Rita E.; Tolman, Kevin R.; Cappia, Fabiola

    Characterization of U 3Si 2 fresh fuel pellets is important for quality assurance and validation of the finished product. Grain size measurement methods, phase identification methods using scanning electron microscopes equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction, and phase quantification methods via image analysis have been developed and implemented on U 3Si 2 pellet samples. A wide variety of samples have been characterized including representative pellets from an initial irradiation experiment, and samples produced using optimized methods to enhance phase purity from an extended fabrication effort. The average grain size for initial pellets was between 16 and 18 µm.more » The typical average grain size for pellets from the extended fabrication was between 20 and 30 µm with some samples exhibiting irregular grain growth. Pellets from the latter half of extended fabrication had a bimodal grain size distribution consisting of coarsened grains (>80 µm) surrounded by the typical (20-30 µm) grain structure around the surface. Phases identified in initial uranium silicide pellets included: U 3Si 2 as the main phase composing about 80 vol. %, Si rich phases (USi and U 5Si 4) composing about 13 vol. %, and UO 2 composing about 5 vol. %. Initial batches from the extended U 3Si 2 pellet fabrication had similar phases and phase quantities. The latter half of the extended fabrication pellet batches did not contain Si rich phases, and had between 1-5% UO 2: achieving U 3Si 2 phase purity between 95 vol. % and 98 vol. % U 3Si 2. The amount of UO 2 in sintered U 3Si 2 pellets is correlated to the length of time between U 3Si 2 powder fabrication and pellet formation. These measurements provide information necessary to optimize fabrication efforts and a baseline for future work on this fuel compound.« less

  2. Particle size-controllable microwave-assisted solvothermal synthesis of the high-voltage cathode material LiCoPO4 using water/ethylene glycol solvent blends

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ludwig, Jennifer; Haering, Dominik; Doeff, Marca M.; Nilges, Tom

    2017-03-01

    Particle size-tuned platelets of the high-voltage cathode material LiCoPO4 for Li-ion batteries have been synthesized by a simple one-step microwave-assisted solvothermal process using an array of water/ethylene glycol (EG) solvent mixtures. Particle size control was achieved by altering the concentration of the EG co-solvent in the mixture between 0 and 100 vol%, with amounts of 0-80 vol% EG producing single phase, olivine-type LiCoPO4. The particle sizes of the olivine materials were significantly reduced from about 1.2 μm × 1.2 μm × 500 nm (0 vol% EG) to 200 nm × 100 nm × 50 nm (80 vol% EG) with increasing EG content, while specific surface areas increased from 2 to 13 m2 g-1. The particle size reduction could mainly be attributed to the modified viscosities of the solvent blends. Owing to the soft template effect of EG, the crystals exhibited the smallest dimensions along the [010] direction of the Li diffusion pathways in the olivine crystal structure, resulting in enhanced lithium diffusion properties. The relationship between the synthesis, crystal properties and electrochemical performance was further elucidated, indicating that the electrochemical performances of the as-prepared materials mainly depend on the solvent composition and the respective particle size range. LiCoPO4 products obtained from reaction media with low and high EG contents exhibited good electrochemical performances (initial discharge capacities of 87-124 mAh g-1 at 0.1 C), whereas materials made from medium EG concentrations (40-60 vol% EG) showed the highest capacities and gravimetric energy densities (up to 137 mAh g-1 and 658 Wh kg-1 at 0.1 C), excellent rate capabilities, and cycle life.

  3. Flight Experience, Risk Taking, and Hazardous Attitudes in Glider Instructors (Experience de vol, Prise de Risque et Attitudes Dangereuses des Instructeurs de vol sur Planeur)

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2010-11-01

    sur planeur . On a également examiné le rôle que jouent l’expérience de vol et la propension à prendre des risques dans le but d’anticiper les...données transversales, obtenues par l’observation de 144 instructeurs de vol sur planeur , en activité ou non, œuvrant dans cinq centres de vol à...137 Sommaire ..... Expérience de vol, prise de risque et attitudes dangereuses des instructeurs de vol sur planeur Ann-Renee Blais

  4. Observations of H2O in Titan's atmosphere with Herschel

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Moreno, R.; Lellouch, E.; Lara, L. M.; Courtin, R.; Hartogh, P.; Rengel, M.

    2012-04-01

    Disk averaged observations of several H2O far infrared lines in Titan’s atmosphere were performed with the Herschel Space Observatory, as part of the guaranteed time key program "Water and related chemistry in the Solar System" (HssO, see Hartogh et al 2011). Two instruments were used: (i) HIFI, a heterodyne instrument (R~ 106 ) in the sub-millimeter, which measured the H2O(110-101) rotational transition at 557 GHz on June 10 and Dec. 31, 2010 (ii) PACS, a photoconductor spectrometer (R~103) which measured three water lines at 108.1, 75.4 and 66.4 microns on June 22, 2010. Additional PACS measurements at 66.4 microns on Dec. 15 and 22, 2010 and on July 09, 2011, do not show any significant line intensity variation with time, nor between the leading/trailing sides (i.e. longitude). Spectra were analyzed with a line-by-line radiative transfer code accounting for spherical geometry (Moreno et al. 2011). This model considers the H2O molecular opacity from JPL catalog (Pickett et al. 1998) and also includes collision-induced opacities N2-N2, N2-CH4 and CH4-CH4 (Borysow and Frommhold 1986, 1987, Borysow and Tang 1993). Far infrared aerosol opacities derived by CIRS were included, following Anderson and Samuelson (2011) for their vertical distribution and spectral dependencies. Analysis of the 557 GHz narrow line (FWHM ~ 2 MHz) indicates that it originates at altitudes above 300 km, while lines measured with PACS probe mainly deeper levels (80-150 km). The HIFI and PACS observations are fitted simultaneously, considering a vertical distribution of H2O mixing ratio which follows a power law dependency q=q0(P/P0)n, where q0 is the mixing ratio at some reference pressure level P0, taken near the expected condensation level. Model fits will be presented, and compared with previously proposed H2O vertical distributions. We show in particular that both the steep profile proposed by Lara et al. (1996) (and adopted by Coustenis et al. (1998) to model the first detection of H2O by ISO) and the shallower profiles from the Hörst et al (2008) photochemical model fail to explain the observations. Additional profiles, described in Lara et. al., (this workshop) are tested against the data. References: Anderson, C.M. and Samuelson, R.E.: “Titan's aerosol and stratospheric ice opacities between 18 and 500 μm: Vertical and spectral characteristics from Cassini CIRS”. Icarus, Vol. 212, pp. 762-778, 2011 Borysow, A. and Frommhold, L.: “Collision-induced rototranslational absorption spectra of N2-N2 pairs for temperatures from 50 to 300 K”. Astrophysical Journal, vol. 311, pp. 1043-1057, 1986 Borysow, A. and Frommhold, L.: “Collision-induced rototranslational absorption spectra of CH4-CH4 pairs at temperatures from 50 to 300 K”. Astrophysical Journal, vol. 318, pp. 940-943, 1987. Borysow, A. and Tang, C., “Far Infrared CIA Spectra of N2-CH4 Pairs for Modeling of Titan's Atmosphere”. Icarus, Vol. 105, pp. 175-183, 1993. Coustenis et al.: “Evidence for water vapor in Titan's atmosphere from ISO/SWS data”. Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol. 336, L85-L89, 1998. Hartogh, P., et al.: “Water and related chemistry in the solar system. A guaranteed time key programme for Herschel”. Planetary and Space Science, Vol. 57, pp. 1596-1606, 2011. Hörst, S.M., et al.: “Origin of oxygen species in Titan's atmosphere”. J. of Geophys. Res., Vol. 113, Issue E10, CiteID E10006, 2008 Lara, L.M., et al.: “Vertical distribution of Titan's atmospheric neutral constituents”. J. of Geophys. Res., Vol. 101, Issue E10, pp. 23261-23283, 1996 Moreno, R., et al.: “First detection of hydrogen isocyanide (HNC) in Titan's atmosphere”. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Volume 536, L12, 2011 Pickett et al.: “Submillimeter, millimeter and microwave spectral line catalog.”. JQSRT, vol. 60, pp. 883-890, 1998.

  5. Polymer Nanocomposites As Future Materials For Defense & Energy Applications-High Energy Density Storage Systems With Reduced Size And Weight For Pulse Power Applications

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2011-11-21

    Std Z39-18 Sol-Gel CCTO /P(VDF-HFP) Composites with High Energy Density During the previous reporting period we found that CCTO (CaCu3Ti4O12...composites containing CCTO synthesized by the standard solid-state route. At the optimal 20 vol% CCTO loading, our CCTO -P(VDF-HFP) composite has εr ~82 at...Ceramics such as BaTiO3 or CaCu3Ti4O12 ( CCTO ) have high dielectric permittivities, but they suffer from very low breakdown field strength and thus low

  6. Spray formation of biodiesel-water in air-assisted atomizer using Schlieren photography

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Amirnordin, S. H.; Khalid, A.; Sapit, A.; Salleh, H.; Razali, A.; Fawzi, M.

    2016-11-01

    Biodiesels are attractive renewable energy sources, particularly for industrial boiler and burner operators. However, biodiesels produce higher nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions compared with diesel. Although water-emulsified fuels can lower NOx emissions by reducing flame temperature, its influence on atomization needs to be investigated further. This study investigates the effects of water on spray formation in air-assisted atomizers. The Schlieren method was used to capture the spray images in terms of tip penetration, spray angle, and spray area. The experiment used palm oil biodiesel at different blending ratios (B5, B10, and B15) and water contents (0vol%-15vol%). Results show that water content in the fuel increases the spray penetration and area but reduces the spray angle because of the changes in fuel properties. Therefore, biodiesel-water application is applicable to burner systems.

  7. Pyrolysis process for the treatment of food waste.

    PubMed

    Grycová, Barbora; Koutník, Ivan; Pryszcz, Adrian

    2016-10-01

    Different waste materials were pyrolysed in the laboratory pyrolysis unit to the final temperature of 800°C with a 10min delay at the final temperature. After the pyrolysis process a mass balance of the resulting products, off-line analysis of the pyrolysis gas and evaluation of solid and liquid products were carried out. The gas from the pyrolysis experiments was captured discontinuously into Tedlar gas sampling bags and the selected components were analyzed by gas chromatography (methane, ethene, ethane, propane, propene, hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide). The highest concentration of measured hydrogen (WaCe 61%vol.; WaPC 66%vol.) was analyzed at the temperature from 750 to 800°C. The heating values of the solid and liquid residues indicate the possibility of its further use for energy recovery. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  8. Identifying the usage patterns of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and other oxygenates in gasoline using gasoline surveys

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Moran, M.J.; Clawges, R.M.; Zogorski, J.S.

    2000-01-01

    Data on the volumes of oxygenates and other compounds in gasoline are available from several sources collectively referred as gasoline surveys. The gasoline surveys provide the most definitive knowledge of which oxygenate, if any, and what volumes of that oxygenate are being used in various areas of the country. This information is important in water-quality assessments for relating the detection of MTBE in water to patterns of usage of MTBE in gasoline. General information on three surveys that have been conducted by the National Institute for Petroleum and Energy Research, the Motor Vehicle Manufacturers Association, and the EPA was presented. The samples were tested for physical properties and constituents including octane number, specific gravity, and volumes of olefins, aromatics, benzene, alcohols, and various ether oxygenates. The data in each survey had its own utility based on the type of assessment that is undertaken. Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program. Using NAWQA data, the percent occurrence of MTBE in ground water in metropolitan areas that use substantial amounts of MTBE (> 5% by vol) was ??? 21%, compared to ??? 2% in areas that do not use substantial amounts of MTBE (< 5% by vol). When several other factors are considered in a logistic regression model including MTBE usage in RFG or OXY gasoline areas (??? 3% by vol) as a factor, a 4-6 fold increase in the detection frequency of MTBE in ground water was found when compared to areas that do not use MTBE or use it only for octane enhancement (< 3% by vol).

  9. On the thermal stability of physical vapor deposited oxide-hardened nanocrystalline gold thin films

    DOE PAGES

    Argibay, Nicolas; Mogonye, J. E.; Michael, Joseph R.; ...

    2015-04-08

    We describe a correlation between electrical resistivity and grain size for PVD synthesized polycrystalline oxide-hardened metal-matrix thin films in oxide-dilute (<5 vol. % oxide phase) compositions. The correlation is based on the Mayadas-Shatzkes (M-S) electron scattering model, predictive of grain size evolution as a function of composition in the oxide-dilute regime for 2 μm thick Au-ZnO films. We describe a technique to investigate grain boundary (GB) mobility and the thermal stability of GBs based on in situelectrical resistivity measurements during annealing experiments, interpreted using a combination of the M-S model and the Michels et al. model describing solute drag stabilizedmore » grain growth kinetics. Using this technique, activation energy and pre-exponential Arrhenius parameter values of E a = 21.6 kJ/mol and A o = 2.3 × 10 -17 m 2/s for Au-1 vol. % ZnO and E a =12.7 kJ/mol and A o = 3.1 × 10 -18 m 2/s for Au-2 vol.% ZnO were determined. In the oxide-dilute regime, the grain size reduction of the Au matrix yielded a maximum hardness of 2.6 GPa for 5 vol. % ZnO. A combined model including percolation behavior and grain refinement is presented that accurately describes the composition dependent change in electrical resistivity throughout the entire composition range for Au-ZnO thin films. As a result, the proposed correlations are supported by microstructural characterization using transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction mapping for grain size determination.« less

  10. Distribution of Ejecta in Analog Tephra Rings from Discrete Single and Multiple Subsurface Explosions

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Graettinger, A. H.; Valentine, G. A.; Sonder, I.; Ross, P. S.; White, J. D. L.

    2015-12-01

    Buried-explosion experiments were used to investigate the spatial and volumetric distribution of extra-crater ejecta resulting from a range of explosion configurations with and without a crater present. Explosion configuration is defined in terms of scaled depth, the relationship between depth of burial and the cube root of explosion energy, where an optimal scaled depth explosion produces the largest crater diameter for a given energy. The multiple explosion experiments provide an analog for the formation of maar-diatreme ejecta deposits and the deposits of discrete explosions through existing conduits and hydrothermal systems. Experiments produced meter-sized craters with ejecta distributed between three major facies based on morphology and distance from the crater center. The proximal deposits form a constructional steep-sided ring that extends no more than two-times the crater radius away from center. The medial deposits form a low-angle continuous blanket that transitions with distance into the isolated clasts of the distal ejecta. Single explosion experiments produce a trend of increasing volume proportion of proximal ejecta as scaled depth increases (from 20-90% vol.). Multiple explosion experiments are dominated by proximal deposits (>90% vol.) for all but optimal scaled depth conditions (40-70% vol.). In addition to scaled depth, the presence of a crater influences jet shape and how the jet collapses, resulting in two end-member depositional mechanisms that produce distinctive facies. The experiments use one well-constrained explosion mechanism and, consequently, the variations in depositional facies and distribution are the result of conditions independent of that mechanism. Previous interpretations have invoked variations in fragmentation as the cause of this variability, but these experiments should help with a more complete reconstruction of the configuration and number of explosions that produce a tephra ring.

  11. ECUT: Energy Conversion and utilization Technologies program biocatalysis research activity. Generation of chemical intermediates by catalytic oxidative decarboxylation of dilute organic acids

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Distefano, S.; Gupta, A.; Ingham, J. D.

    1983-01-01

    A rhodium-based catalyst was prepared and preliminary experiments were completed where the catalyst appeared to decarboxylate dilute acids at concentrations of 1 to 10 vol%. Electron spin resonance spectroscoy was used to characterize the catalyst as a first step leading toward modeling and optimization of rhodium catalysts. Also, a hybrid chemical/biological process for the production of hydrocarbons has been assessed. These types of catalysts could greatly increase energy efficiency of this process.

  12. CaCu3Ti4O12-PVDF polymeric composites with enhanced capacitive energy density

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ouyang, Xin; Cao, Peng; Zhang, Weijun; Liu, Zhuofeng; Huang, Zhaohui; Gao, Wei

    2015-03-01

    CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO)-poly(vinylidene fluoride (PVDF)) composites were prepared by melt blending and hot molding techniques. The addition of CCTO remarkably enhanced the dielectric properties and the thermal conductivity of PVDF composites, while the melting point of the PVDF composites ( 170°C) was almost independent of the CCTO concentration. Based on the results of dielectric constant and dielectric breakdown voltage, the PVDF composite containing 40 vol.% CCTO fillers shows the optimized capacitive energy storage potential (7.81 J/cm3).

  13. CERN and high energy physics, the grand picture

    ScienceCinema

    Heuer, Rolf-Dieter

    2018-05-24

    The lecture will touch on several topics, to illustrate the role of CERN in the present and future of high-energy physics: how does CERN work? What is the role of the scientific community, of bodies like Council and SPC, and of international cooperation, in the definition of CERN's scientific programme? What are the plans for the future of the LHC and of the non-LHC physics programme? What is the role of R&D; and technology transfer at CERN?

  14. Nutritional assessment of charitable meal programmes serving homeless people in Toronto.

    PubMed

    Tse, Carmen; Tarasuk, Valerie

    2008-12-01

    To assess the potential nutritional contribution of meals provided in a sample of community programmes for homeless individuals, to determine the effect of food donations on meal quality and to develop food-based guidance for meals that would meet adults' total nutrient needs. Toronto, Canada. An analysis of weighed meal records from eighteen programmes. The energy and nutrient contents of meals were compared to requirement estimates to assess contribution to total needs, given that homeless people have limited access to nutritious foods. Mixed linear modelling was applied to determine the relationship between the use of food donations and meal quality. The composition of meals that would meet adults' nutrient requirements was determined by constructing simulated meals, drawing on the selection of foods available to programmes. In all, seventy meals, sampled from eighteen programmes serving homeless individuals. On average, the meals contained 2.6 servings of grain products, 1.7 servings of meat and alternatives, 4.1 servings of vegetables and fruits and 0.4 servings of milk products. The energy and nutrient contents of most meals were below adults' average daily requirements. Most meals included both purchased and donated foods; the vitamin C content of meals was positively associated with the percentage of energy from donations. Increasing portion sizes improved the nutrient contribution of meals, but the provision of more milk products and fruits and vegetables was required to meet adults' nutrient requirements. The meals assessed were inadequate to meet adults' nutrient requirements. Improving the nutritional quality of meals requires additional resources.

  15. Programmable Synaptic Metaplasticity and below Femtojoule Spiking Energy Realized in Graphene-Based Neuromorphic Memristor.

    PubMed

    Liu, Bo; Liu, Zhiwei; Chiu, In-Shiang; Di, MengFu; Wu, YongRen; Wang, Jer-Chyi; Hou, Tuo-Hung; Lai, Chao-Sung

    2018-06-20

    Memristors with rich interior dynamics of ion migration are promising for mimicking various biological synaptic functions in neuromorphic hardware systems. A graphene-based memristor shows an extremely low energy consumption of less than a femtojoule per spike, by taking advantage of weak surface van der Waals interaction of graphene. The device also shows an intriguing programmable metaplasticity property in which the synaptic plasticity depends on the history of the stimuli and yet allows rapid reconfiguration via an immediate stimulus. This graphene-based memristor could be a promising building block toward designing highly versatile and extremely energy efficient neuromorphic computing systems.

  16. Psychic Energy and Organizational Change. Administrative and Policy Studies Series, Vol. 1.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    White, Orion, Jr.

    An effort is made at defining the lessons of the sixties as they relate to the understanding of processes of social and organizational change. This essay examines the theory of change that emerged in the sixties, describes how the current condition in the United States indicates the wrongness of this view, and suggests a reformulation based on a…

  17. Strength and Microstructure of Ceramics

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1989-11-01

    processing defects (pores or inclusions), etc. Theoretically, flaws have been represented as scaled-down versions of large cracks, so that the...no spurious reflections. confirming that the defects were not microtwins, From the TEM evidence. alhing with corresponding observations of fault...Lawn Vol. 71. No. I Interfaces. can be viewred as high-energy planar defects . AS Such. V. Conclusions they represent favored sites for microcrack

  18. Modification of the D2 radial wavefunction by near resonant compact states

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hagelstein, Peter L.

    2003-03-01

    We have proposed that phonon exchange can occur in the presence of a highly excited optical phonon mode during a dd-fusion reaction. We have also suggested (P. L. Hagelstein, Bull. APS 45, 235 (2000)) at new second-order site-other-site reactions can occur when the energy of a fusion reaction is transferred elsewhere. Fast particle ejecta from the experiments of Chambers( G. P. Chambers, et al, J. Fusion Energy, Vol. 9, p. 281 (1990).) and of Cecil (F. E. Cecil, et al, AIP Conf. Proc. Vol. 228, p. 383 (1990).) appear to be consistent with such a mechanism, in which a dd-fusion reaction at one site is coupled to a disintegration at another site. The dominant process of this type is the null reaction in which dd-fusion is coupled to He-4 dissociation. This process can lead to compact dd-states(P. L. Hagelstein, Bull. APS 2001), and is consistent with the Kasagi experiment(J. Kasagi et al, J. Phys. Soc. Japan 64, 777 (1995). ). We find that compact states near resonance with the molecular D2 states changes the radial wavefunction at small r.

  19. Joint Egypt/United States report on Egypt/United States cooperative energy assessment. Volume 1 of 5 Vols. Executive summary, main report and appendices

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Not Available

    1979-04-01

    The International Energy Assessment Program between Egypt and the U.S. was formulated from mid-March to mid-July, 1978. The assessment identified energy demand and supply options for Egypt that are consistent with its indigenous energy resources; assessed Egypt's ability to effectively use those options; and identified measures by which Egypt's energy-planning activities could be improved. The assessment addressed all known and potential energy supply options (oil, gas, coal, oil shale, hydroelectric, nuclear power, geothermal, solar, wind, and biomass). Using the Reference Energy System, two future energy supply/demand balances are constructed (for 1985 and the year 2000) and these are compared withmore » a historical (1975) supply/demand balance. The feasibility of each of the options is established in terms of the availability of the required resources and of the processing, conversion, transport, and utilization technology.« less

  20. Impact of uncoordinated plug-in electric vehicle charging on residential power demand - supplementary data

    DOE Data Explorer

    Muratori, Matteo (ORCID:0000000316886742)

    2017-06-15

    This data set is provided in support of a forthcoming paper: "Impact of uncoordinated plug-in electric vehicle charging on residential power demand," [1]. These files include electricity demand profiles for 200 households randomly selected among the ones available in the 2009 RECS data set for the Midwest region of the United States. The profiles have been generated using the modeling proposed by Muratori et al. [2], [3], that produces realistic patterns of residential power consumption, validated using metered data, with a resolution of 10 minutes. Households vary in size and number of occupants and the profiles represent total electricity use, in watts. The files also include in-home plug-in electric vehicle recharging profiles for 348 vehicles associated with the 200 households assuming both Level 1 (1920 W) and Level 2 (6600 W) residential charging infrastructure. The vehicle recharging profiles have been generated using the modeling proposed by Muratori et al. [4], that produces real-world recharging demand profiles, with a resolution of 10 minutes. [1] M. Muratori, "Impact of uncoordinated plug-in electric vehicle charging on residential power demand." Forthcoming. [2] M. Muratori, M. C. Roberts, R. Sioshansi, V. Marano, and G. Rizzoni, "A highly resolved modeling technique to simulate residential power demand," Applied Energy, vol. 107, no. 0, pp. 465 - 473, 2013. [3] M. Muratori, V. Marano, R. Sioshansi, and G. Rizzoni, "Energy consumption of residential HVAC systems: a simple physically-based model," in 2012 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting. San Diego, CA, USA: IEEE, 22-26 July 2012. [4] M. Muratori, M. J. Moran, E. Serra, and G. Rizzoni, "Highly-resolved modeling of personal transportation energy consumption in the United States," Energy, vol. 58, no. 0, pp. 168-177, 2013.

  1. Growth characteristics of a new methylomonad.

    PubMed Central

    Chen, B J; Hirt, W; Lim, H C; Tsao, G T

    1977-01-01

    A methylomonad culture was isolated from pond water and examined as a potential source of single-cell protein. A medium containing magnesium sulfate, ammonium hydroxide, sodium phosphate, tap water, and methanol supported the growth of the isolate. Optimal growth conditions in batch cultures for the organism were: temperature, 30 to 33 degrees C; pH 7.1; and phosphate concentration, 0.015 M. The minimum doubling time obtained was 1.6 h. The specific growth rate in batch culture was dependent on the methanol concentration, reaching a maximum around 0.2% (wt/vol). Growth inhibition was apparent above 0.3% (wt/vol), and growth was completely inhibited above 4.6% (wt/vol) methanol. Although the inhibitory effect of formaldehyde on the specific growth rate was much greater than that of formate, the organism utilized formaldehyde, but not formate, as a sole carbon and energy source in batch cultures. The isolate was identified primarily by its inability to utilize any carbon source other than methanol and formaldehyde for growth. Although it is capable of rapid growth on methanol, the organism showed a very weak catalase activity. The amino acid content of the cells compared favorably with the reference levels for the essential amino acids specific by the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations. PMID:15510

  2. Geophysical Limitations on the Habitable Zone: Volcanism and Plate Tectonics

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Noack, Lena; Rivoldini, Attilio; Van Hoolst, Tim

    2016-04-01

    Planets are typically classified as potentially life-bearing planets (i.e. habitable planets) if they are rocky planets and if a liquid (e.g. water) could exist at the surface. The latter depends on several factors, like for example the amount of available solar energy, greenhouse effects in the atmosphere and an efficient CO2-cycle. However, the definition of the habitable zone should be updated to include possible geophysical constraints, that could potentially influence the CO2-cycle. Planets like Mars without plate tectonics and no or only limited volcanic events can only be considered to be habitable at the inner boundary of the habitable zone, since the greenhouse effect needed to ensure liquid surface water farther away from the sun is strongly reduced. We investigate if the planet mass as well as the interior structure can set constraints on the occurrence of plate tectonics and outgassing, and therefore affect the habitable zone, using both parameterized evolution models [1] and mantle convection simulations [1,2]. We find that plate tectonics, if it occurs, always leads to sufficient volcanic outgassing and therefore greenhouse effect needed for the outer boundary of the habitable zone (several tens of bar CO2), see also [3]. One-plate planets, however, may suffer strong volcanic limitations. The existence of a dense-enough CO2 atmosphere allowing for the carbon-silicate cycle and release of carbon at the outer boundary of the habitable zone may be strongly limited for planets: 1) without plate tectonics, 2) with a large planet mass, and/or 3) a high iron content. Acknowledgements This work has been funded by the Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme initiated by the Belgian Science Policy Office through the Planet Topers alliance, and results within the collaboration of the COST Action TD 1308. References Noack, L., Rivoldini, A., and Van Hoolst, T.: CHIC - Coupling Habitability, Interior and Crust, INFOCOMP 2015, ISSN 2308-3484, ISBN 978-1-61208-416-9, pp. 84-90, IARIA, 2015. Hüttig, C. and Stemmer, K.: Finite volume discretization for dynamic viscosities on Voronoi grids, PEPI, Vol 171, pp. 137-146, 2008. Noack, L. et al.: Constraints for planetary habitability from interior modeling, PSS, Vol. 98, pp. 14-29, 2014.

  3. Freeze cast porous barium titanate for enhanced piezoelectric energy harvesting

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Roscow, J. I.; Zhang, Y.; Kraśny, M. J.; Lewis, R. W. C.; Taylor, J.; Bowen, C. R.

    2018-06-01

    Energy harvesting is an important developing technology for a new generation of self-powered sensor networks. This paper demonstrates the significant improvement in the piezoelectric energy harvesting performance of barium titanate by forming highly aligned porosity using freeze casting. Firstly, a finite element model demonstrating the effect of pore morphology and angle with respect to poling field on the poling behaviour of porous ferroelectrics was developed. A second model was then developed to understand the influence of microstructure-property relationships on the poling behaviour of porous freeze cast ferroelectric materials and their resultant piezoelectric and energy harvesting properties. To compare with model predictions, porous barium titanate was fabricated using freeze casting to form highly aligned microstructures with excellent longitudinal piezoelectric strain coefficients, d 33. The freeze cast barium titanate with 45 vol.% porosity had a d 33  =  134.5 pC N‑1 compared to d 33  =  144.5 pC N‑1 for dense barium titanate. The d 33 coefficients of the freeze cast materials were also higher than materials with uniformly distributed spherical porosity due to improved poling of the aligned microstructures, as predicted by the models. Both model and experimental data indicated that introducing porosity provides a large reduction in the permittivity () of barium titanate, which leads to a substantial increase in energy harvesting figure of merit, , with a maximum of 3.79 pm2 N‑1 for barium titanate with 45 vol.% porosity, compared to only 1.40 pm2 N‑1 for dense barium titanate. Dense and porous barium titanate materials were then used to harvest energy from a mechanical excitation by rectification and storage of the piezoelectric charge on a capacitor. The porous barium titanate charged the capacitor to a voltage of 234 mV compared to 96 mV for the dense material, indicating a 2.4-fold increase that was similar to that predicted by the energy harvesting figures of merit.

  4. A quantitative method for estimating dermal benzene absorption from benzene-containing hydrocarbon liquids.

    PubMed

    Petty, Stephen E; Nicas, Mark; Boiarski, Anthony A

    2011-01-01

    This study examines a method for estimating the dermal absorption of benzene contained in hydrocarbon liquids that contact the skin. This method applies to crude oil, gasoline, organic solvents, penetrants, and oils. The flux of benzene through occluded skin as a function of the percent vol/vol benzene in the liquid is derived by fitting a curve to experimental data; the function is supralinear at benzene concentrations < or = 5% vol/vol. When a liquid other than pure benzene is on nonoccluded skin, benzene may preferentially evaporate from the liquid, which thereby decreases the benzene flux. We present a time-averaging method here for estimating the reduced dermal flux during evaporation. Example calculations are presented for benzene at 2% vol/vol in gasoline, and for benzene at 0.1% vol/vol in a less volatile liquid. We also discuss other factors affecting dermal absorption.

  5. IAEA international studies on irradiation embrittlement of reactor pressure vessel steels

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Brumovsky, M.; Steele, L.E.

    1997-02-01

    In last 25 years, three phases a Co-operative Research Programme on Irradiation Embrittlement of Reactor Pressure Vessel Steels has been organized by the International Atomic Energy Agency. This programme started with eight countries in 1971 and finally 16 countries took part in phase III of the Programme in 1983. Several main efforts were put into preparation of the programme, but the principal task was concentrated on an international comparison of radiation damage characterization by different laboratories for steels of {open_quotes}old{close_quotes} (with high impurity contents) and {open_quotes}advanced{close_quotes} (with low impurity contents) types as well as on development of small scale fracturemore » mechanics procedures applicable to reactor pressure vessel surveillance programmes. This year, a new programme has been opened, concentrated mostly on small scale fracture mechanics testing.« less

  6. Blood Program in World War II. Medical Department, United States Army

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1964-01-01

    Branch Lieutenant Colonel JEROME RUDBERG, MSC, USA, Chief, Information Activities Branch RODERICK M. ENGERT, Chief, General Reference and Research... Activities of Medical Consultants Vol. II. Infectious Diseases Preventive Medicine in World War II: Vol. II. Environmental Hygiene Vol. III. Personal...Other Than Malaria Vr VIII Surgery in World War II: Activities of Surgical Consultants, vol. I Activities of Surgical Consultants, vol. II General

  7. An Energy Management Programme for Grande Prairie Public School District. Energy Conservation: Energy Management.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Calgary Univ. (Alberta).

    This report describes a pilot energy conservation project in Grande Prairie (Alberta) School District No. 2357. Extensive data collection and analysis were undertaken to provide a sound, quantitative basis for evaluation of the program. Energy conserving measures requiring capital outlays were not considered. During the project, electric demand…

  8. Geothermal projects funded under the NER 300 programme - current state of development and knowledge gained

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Uihlein, Andreas; Salto Saura, Lourdes; Sigfusson, Bergur; Lichtenvort, Kerstin; Gagliardi, Filippo

    2015-04-01

    Introduction The NER 300 programme, managed by the European Commission is one of the largest funding programmes for innovative low-carbon energy demonstration projects. NER 300 is so called because it is funded from the sale of 300 million emission allowances from the new entrants' reserve (NER) set up for the third phase of the EU emissions trading system (ETS). The programme aims to successfully demonstrate environmentally safe carbon capture and storage (CCS) and innovative renewable energy (RES) technologies on a commercial scale with a view to scaling up production of low-carbon technologies in the EU. Consequently, it supports a wide range of CCS and RES technologies (bioenergy, concentrated solar power, photovoltaics, geothermal, wind, ocean, hydropower, and smart grids). Funded projects and the role of geothermal projects for the programme In total, about EUR 2.1 billion have been awarded to 39 projects through the programme's 2 calls for proposals (the first awarded in December 2012, the second in July 2014). The programme has awarded around 70 mEUR funding to 3 geothermal projects in Hungary, Croatia and France (see Annex). The Hungarian geothermal project awarded funding under the first call will enter into operation at the end of 2015 and the rest are expected to start in 2016 (HR) and in 2018 (FR), respectively. Knowledge Sharing Knowledge sharing requirements are built into the legal basis of the programme as a critical tool to lower risks in bridging the transition to large-scale production of innovative renewable energy and CCS deployment. Projects have to submit annually to the European Commission relevant knowledge gained during that year in the implementation of their project. The relevant knowledge is aggregated and disseminated by the European Commission to industry, research, government, NGO and other interest groups and associations in order to provide a better understanding of the practical challenges that arise in the important step of scaling up technologies and operating them at commercial scale. The knowledge sharing of the NER 300 programme should lead to better planning and faster introduction of low carbon technologies in the future. Content of the presentation The presentation will introduce the geothermal projects that have been awarded funding, including their state-of-play. Insights and knowledge gained from the projects that have entered into operation will be shown and discussed. Furthermore, the presentation will provide an overview of the NER 300 programme.

  9. Indian Solar Cities Programme: An Overview of Major Activities and Accomplishments (Presentation)

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Kandt, A.

    2012-05-01

    Indian Solar Cities Programme supports 60 Indian cities in the development of EE and RE projects. Aims to reduce conventional energy demand by 10% by 2013, compared to a baseline year of 2008, and support is provided to municipal corporations for preparing and implementing a master plan.

  10. Electromechanical behavior of [001]-textured Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 ceramics

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yan, Yongke; Wang, Yu. U.; Priya, Shashank

    2012-05-01

    [001]-textured Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 (PMN-PT) ceramics were synthesized by using templated grain growth method. Significantly high [001] texture degree corresponding to 0.98 Lotgering factor was achieved at 1 vol. % BaTiO3 template. Electromechanical properties for [001]-textured PMN-PT ceramics with 1 vol. % BaTiO3 were found to be d33 = 1000 pC/N, d31 = 371 pC/N, ɛr = 2591, and tanδ = ˜0.6%. Elastoelectric composite based modeling results showed that higher volume fraction of template reduces the overall dielectric constant and thus has adverse effect on the piezoelectric response. Clamping effect was modeled by deriving the changes in free energy as a function of applied electric field and microstructural boundary condition.

  11. Study of High Lift Configurations

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Edward, Jack R.; Hassan, Hassan A.

    2000-01-01

    This project focus on the implementation of the Warren-Hassan transition / turbulence model (Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 35, No. 5) into the NASA code CFL3D and its testing for multi-element airfoils in landing configuration at different angles of attack. The Warren-Hassan transition model solves an evolution equation for a kinetic energy characteristic of non-turbulent fluctuations. This is combined with an empirical estimate of the frequency of the most amplified first-mode disturbance to yield an expression for an eddy viscosity characteristic of non-turbulent fluctuations. This is combined with the k - zeta model for fully turbulent flow to yield a unified approach capable of predicting both transition onset and extent. Blending of the non-turbulent and turbulent components of the model is accomplished by an intermittency function based on the work of Dhawan and Narasimha (Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 3, No. 4).

  12. 40 CFR 80.82 - Butane blending.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ...% aromatics≤2.0 vol% benzene≤0.03 vol% sulfur≤140 ppm until December 31, 2003; ≤120 ppm in 2004; ≤30 ppm... results demonstrate the butane has the following properties: olefins≤10.0 vol% aromatics≤2.0 vol% benzene...

  13. 40 CFR 80.82 - Butane blending.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ...% aromatics≤2.0 vol% benzene≤0.03 vol% sulfur≤140 ppm until December 31, 2003; ≤120 ppm in 2004; ≤30 ppm... results demonstrate the butane has the following properties: olefins≤10.0 vol% aromatics≤2.0 vol% benzene...

  14. The feasibility of using a parenting programme for the prevention of unintentional home injuries in the under-fives: a cluster randomised controlled trial.

    PubMed

    Mytton, Julie; Ingram, Jenny; Manns, Sarah; Stevens, Tony; Mulvaney, Caroline; Blair, Peter; Powell, Jane; Potter, Barbara; Towner, Elizabeth; Emond, Alan; Deave, Toity; Thomas, James; Kendrick, Denise; Stewart-Brown, Sarah

    2014-01-01

    Unintentional injury is the leading cause of preventable death of children over the age of 1 year in the UK and a major cause of attendance at emergency departments. Children having one injury are at increased risk of further injuries. Parenting programmes can reduce injuries in preschool children if delivered in the home and on a one-to-one basis. It is not known if group-based programmes delivered outside the home are effective. To develop (1) a parenting programme to prevent recurrent unintentional home injuries in preschool children and (2) a tool for parents to report unintentional home injuries occurring to their preschool children. To assess the feasibility of delivering and evaluating the parenting programme through a cluster randomised controlled trial, specifically to (1) assess methods for the recruitment and retention of parents; (2) determine the training, equipment and facilities needed for the delivery of the programme; (3) establish appropriate primary and secondary outcome measures and methods for their collection; (4) determine how 'normal care' in a comparison arm should be defined; and (5) determine the resource utilisation and costing data that would need to be collected for the cost-effectiveness component of a future trial; and (6) produce estimates of effect sizes to inform sample size estimation for a main trial. Feasibility multicentre, cluster, randomised, unblinded trial. Eight children's centres in Bristol and Nottingham, UK. Ninety-six parents of preschool children who had sustained an unintentional injury requiring medical attention in the previous 12 months. The First-aid Advice and Safety Training (FAST) parent programme, comprising parenting support and skills combined with first aid and home safety advice. Parent-reported medically attended injuries in the index child and any preschool siblings sustained during a 6-month period of observation. An 8-week parenting programme was produced, designed with participant-friendly, incrementally progressive content. A slimline, month-to-a-view injury calendar, spiral bound and suitable for hanging on a wall, was designed for parents to record injuries occurring to their preschool children during the 6-month period of observed time. Fifty-one parents were recruited (40 meeting eligibility criteria plus 11 following 'open invite' to participate); 15 parents completed the FAST parent programme and 49 provided data at baseline and during follow-up. Completion of the programme was significantly greater for participants using the 'open invite' approach (85%) than for those recruited using the original eligibility criteria (31%). Prototype resource use checklists, unit costs and total costs were developed for phases 0, 1 and 2 of the study for use in a future trial. This feasibility study has developed an innovative injury prevention intervention and a tool to record parent-reported injuries in preschool children. It was not feasible to recruit parents of children who had sustained a recent injury, or to ask health visitor teams to identify potential participants and to deliver the programme. A trial should target all families attending children's centres in disadvantaged areas. The intervention could be delivered by a health professional supported by a member of the children's centre team in a community setting. Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN03605270. This project was funded by the NIHR Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 18, No. 3. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.

  15. Field Evaluation of Programmable Thermostats

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Sachs, O.; Tiefenbeck, V.; Duvier, C.

    2012-12-01

    Prior research suggests that poor programmable thermostats usability may prevent their effective use to save energy. We hypothesized that home occupants with a high-usability thermostats would be more likely to use them to save energy than people with a basic thermostat. We randomly installed a high-usability thermostat in half the 77 apartments of an affordable housing complex, installing a basic thermostat in the other half. During the heating season, we collected space temperature and furnace on-off data to evaluate occupant interaction with the thermostats, foremost nighttime setbacks. We found that thermostat usability did not influence energy-saving behaviors, finding no significantmore » difference in temperature maintained among apartments with high- and low-usability thermostats.« less

  16. Surgery in World War II. Orthopedic Surgery in the Zone of Interior

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1970-01-01

    General Reference and Research Branch ROSE C. ENGELMAN, Ph. D., Chief, Historians Branch GERALDINE B. SITES, Chief, Information Activities Branch Major...SERIES Internal Medicine in World War II: Vol. I. Activities of Medical Consultants Vol. II. Infectious Diseases Vol. III. Infectious Diseases and General...Arthropodborne Diseases Other Than Malaria Vol. IX. Special Fields Surgery in World War II: Activities of Surgical Consultants, vol. I Activities of Surgical

  17. Security Cooperation Organizations in the Country Team: Options for Success

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2010-01-01

    JUSTICE EDUCATION ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS NATIONAL SECURITY POPULATION AND AGING PUBLIC SAFETY SCIENCE AND...Security Cooperation Organizations in the Country Team Options for Success Terrence K. Kelly, Jefferson P. Marquis, Cathryn Quantic Thurston...Tommie Sue Montgomery, “Fighting Guerrillas: The United States and Low-Intensity Conflict in El Salvador,” New Political Science , Vol. 9, No. 18–19

  18. Synthesis and Characterization of Aluminum-Nanodiamond Composite Powders by High Energy Ball Milling

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2011-12-01

    al , “ Cold - spray processing of high density nanocrystalline aluminum alloy 2009...2980, 1996. [21] L. Ajdelsztajn, et al , “ Cold spray deposition of nanocrystalline aluminum alloys ,” Metallurgical and Materials Transactions, vol...form the coating or deposit [9]. Figure 2. Diagram of a typical cold spray system [9] It has been proven that pure metals or composite powders

  19. Theory, Computation and Experiment on Criticality and Stability of Vortices Separating from Edges

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2016-08-15

    aerospace engineering research. These include dynamic stall in wind turbines and helicopter rotors, and flapping-wing vehicle (micro-air vehicle) design...and Robinson, M., “Blade Three-Dimensional Dynamic Stall Response to Wind Turbine Operating Condition,” Journal of Solar Energy Engineering , Vol...Snapshots of TEV shedding in vortex ring representation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 7.3 Schematic description of separated tip flow model

  20. Computer-Assisted Determination of Minimum Energy Conformations. 4. Alpha1 and Alpha2 Adrenergic Compounds

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1990-06-01

    Darjalainen, A., and Jarvensivu, P., "Radioimmunoassay of Detomidine , A New Benzylimidazole Drug With Analgesic Sedation Properties," Life Sciences Vol. 40...14 H 27 -1.738080 -0.103370 3.881670 5 14 H 28 -0.914700 1.516040 3.900160 5 14 APPENDIX B 47 28mpv253-- detomidine N 1 -2.435160 -1.456250 0.448050 9

  1. High-Octane Mid-Level Ethanol Blend Market Assessment

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Johnson, Caley; Newes, Emily; Brooker, Aaron

    2015-12-01

    The United States government has been promoting increased use of biofuels, including ethanol from non-food feedstocks, through policies contained in the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007. The objective is to enhance energy security, reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and provide economic benefits. However, the United States has reached the ethanol blend wall, where more ethanol is produced domestically than can be blended into standard gasoline. Nearly all ethanol is blended at 10 volume percent (vol%) in gasoline. At the same time, the introduction of more stringent standards for fuel economy and GHG tailpipe emissions is driving research tomore » increase the efficiency of spark ignition (SI) engines. Advanced strategies for increasing SI engine efficiency are enabled by higher octane number (more highly knock-resistant) fuels. Ethanol has a research octane number (RON) of 109, compared to typical U.S. regular gasoline at 91-93. Accordingly, high RON ethanol blends containing 20 vol% to 40 vol% ethanol are being extensively studied as fuels that enable design of more efficient engines. These blends are referred to as high-octane fuel (HOF) in this report. HOF could enable dramatic growth in the U.S. ethanol industry, with consequent energy security and GHG emission benefits, while also supporting introduction of more efficient vehicles. HOF could provide the additional ethanol demand necessary for more widespread deployment of cellulosic ethanol. However, the potential of HOF can be realized only if it is adopted by the motor fuel marketplace. This study assesses the feasibility, economics, and logistics of this adoption by the four required participants--drivers, vehicle manufacturers, fuel retailers, and fuel producers. It first assesses the benefits that could motivate these participants to adopt HOF. Then it focuses on the drawbacks and barriers that these participants could face when adopting HOF and proposes strategies--including incentives and policies--to curtail these barriers. These curtailment strategies are grouped into scenarios that are then modeled to investigate their feasibility and explore the dynamics involved in HOF deployment. This report does not advocate for or against incentives or policies, but presents simulations of their effects.« less

  2. Health for all children: a programme for health promotion.

    PubMed

    Elliman, D A

    'The health of its children is the wealth of a nation.' For this reason a lot of time and energy is expended on preventive child health services, but with little evidence of effectiveness and great variation in programmes. Recently much has been done to rectify this. At the forefront of this work has been the multidisciplinary committee chaired by Professor Hall. Its third report, with its concentration on health promotion rather than 'defect detection', will form the basis for all future programmes.

  3. Estimation of stable boundary-layer height using variance processing of backscatter lidar data

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Saeed, Umar; Rocadenbosch, Francesc

    2017-04-01

    Stable boundary layer (SBL) is one of the most complex and less understood topics in atmospheric science. The type and height of the SBL is an important parameter for several applications such as understanding the formation of haze fog, and accuracy of chemical and pollutant dispersion models, etc. [1]. This work addresses nocturnal Stable Boundary-Layer Height (SBLH) estimation by using variance processing and attenuated backscatter lidar measurements, its principles and limitations. It is shown that temporal and spatial variance profiles of the attenuated backscatter signal are related to the stratification of aerosols in the SBL. A minimum variance SBLH estimator using local minima in the variance profiles of backscatter lidar signals is introduced. The method is validated using data from HD(CP)2 Observational Prototype Experiment (HOPE) campaign at Jülich, Germany [2], under different atmospheric conditions. This work has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme, FP7 People, ITN Marie Curie Actions Programme (2012-2016) in the frame of ITaRS project (GA 289923), H2020 programme under ACTRIS-2 project (GA 654109), the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness - European Regional Development Funds under TEC2015-63832-P project, and from the Generalitat de Catalunya (Grup de Recerca Consolidat) 2014-SGR-583. [1] R. B. Stull, An Introduction to Boundary Layer Meteorology, chapter 12, Stable Boundary Layer, pp. 499-543, Springer, Netherlands, 1988. [2] U. Löhnert, J. H. Schween, C. Acquistapace, K. Ebell, M. Maahn, M. Barrera-Verdejo, A. Hirsikko, B. Bohn, A. Knaps, E. O'Connor, C. Simmer, A. Wahner, and S. Crewell, "JOYCE: Jülich Observatory for Cloud Evolution," Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., vol. 96, no. 7, pp. 1157-1174, 2015.

  4. The Emergence of Operational Art in the Great Sioux War 1876-1877

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2013-12-10

    Schmitt (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1946), 197. 58 Bourke , Vol. 1, 336-360. 25...feeling of hope, an atmosphere of futility and frustration set in when the column became too cumbersome to catch 78 Bourke , Vol. 1, 381. 79 “Letters...from the column and 81 Greene, Slim Buttes, 29. 82 Bourke , Vol. 2, 76; Gray, 219-220. See also Bourke , Vol. 2, 45. 83 Bourke , Vol. 2, 88-9

  5. Oak Ridge Reservation environmental report for 1992. Volume 1: Narrative

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Koncinski, W.S.

    The two volumes of this report present data and supporting narratives regarding the impact of the US Department of Energy`s (DOE`s) Oak Ridge Reservation (ORR) on its environs and the public during 1992. This Volume (Volume 1) includes all narrative descriptions, summaries, and conclusions and is intended to be a ``stand-alone`` report for the reader who does not want to review in detail all of the 1992 data for the ORR. Volume 2 includes the detailed data in formats that ensure all the environmental data are represented. Narratives are not included in Vol. 2.

  6. Potential energy savings in buildings by an urban tree planting programme in California

    Treesearch

    E.G. McPherson; J.R. Simpson

    2003-01-01

    Tree canopy cover data from aerial photographs and building energy simulations were applied to estimate energy savings from existing trees and new plantings in California. There are approximately 177.3 million energy-conserving trees in California communities and 241.6 million empty planting sites. Existing trees are projected to reduce annual air conditioning energy...

  7. Proton imaging of stochastic magnetic fields

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bott, A. F. A.; Graziani, C.; Tzeferacos, P.; White, T. G.; Lamb, D. Q.; Gregori, G.; Schekochihin, A. A.

    2017-12-01

    Recent laser-plasma experiments (Fox et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 111, 2013, 225002; Huntington et al., Nat. Phys., vol. 11(2), 2015, 173-176 Tzeferacos et al., Phys. Plasmas, vol. 24(4), 2017a, 041404; Tzeferacos et al., 2017b, arXiv:1702.03016 [physics.plasm-ph]) report the existence of dynamically significant magnetic fields, whose statistical characterisation is essential for a complete understanding of the physical processes these experiments are attempting to investigate. In this paper, we show how a proton-imaging diagnostic can be used to determine a range of relevant magnetic-field statistics, including the magnetic-energy spectrum. To achieve this goal, we explore the properties of an analytic relation between a stochastic magnetic field and the image-flux distribution created upon imaging that field. This `Kugland image-flux relation' was previously derived (Kugland et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. vol. 83(10), 2012, 101301) under simplifying assumptions typically valid in actual proton-imaging set-ups. We conclude that, as with regular electromagnetic fields, features of the beam's final image-flux distribution often display a universal character determined by a single, field-scale dependent parameter - the contrast parameter s/{\\mathcal{M}}lB$ - which quantifies the relative size of the correlation length B$ of the stochastic field, proton displacements s$ due to magnetic deflections and the image magnification . For stochastic magnetic fields, we establish the existence of four contrast regimes, under which proton-flux images relate to their parent fields in a qualitatively distinct manner. These are linear, nonlinear injective, caustic and diffusive. The diffusive regime is newly identified and characterised. The nonlinear injective regime is distinguished from the caustic regime in manifesting nonlinear behaviour, but as in the linear regime, the path-integrated magnetic field experienced by the beam can be extracted uniquely. Thus, in the linear and nonlinear injective regimes we show that the magnetic-energy spectrum can be obtained under a further statistical assumption of isotropy. This is not the case in the caustic or diffusive regimes. We discuss complications to the contrast-regime characterisation arising for inhomogeneous, multi-scale stochastic fields, which can encompass many contrast regimes, as well as limitations currently placed by experimental capabilities on one's ability to extract magnetic-field statistics. The results presented in this paper are of consequence in providing a comprehensive description of proton images of stochastic magnetic fields, with applications for improved analysis of proton-flux images.

  8. Doctor Referral of Overweight People to a Low-Energy Treatment (DROPLET) in primary care using total diet replacement products: a protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

    PubMed

    Jebb, Susan A; Astbury, Nerys M; Tearne, Sarah; Nickless, Alecia; Aveyard, Paul

    2017-08-04

    The global prevalence of obesity has risen significantly in recent decades. There is a pressing need to identify effective interventions to treat established obesity that can be delivered at scale. The aim of the Doctor Referral of Overweight People to a Low-Energy Treatment (DROPLET) study is to determine the clinical effectiveness, feasibility and acceptability of referral to a low-energy total diet replacement programme compared with usual weight management interventions in primary care. The DROPLET trial is a randomised controlled trial comparing a low-energy total diet replacement programme with usual weight management interventions delivered in primary care. Eligible patients will be recruited through primary care registers and randomised to receive a behavioural support programme delivered by their practice nurse or a referral to a commercial provider offering an initial 810 kcal/d low-energy total diet replacement programme for 8 weeks, followed by gradual food reintroduction, along with weekly behavioural support for 24 weeks. The primary outcome is weight change at 12 months. The secondary outcomes are weight change at 3 and 6 months, the proportion of participants achieving 5% and 10% weight loss at 12 months, and change in fat mass, haemoglobin A1c, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and systolic and diastolic blood pressure at 12 months. Data will be analysed on the basis of intention to treat. Qualitative interviews on a subsample of patients and healthcare providers will assess their experiences of the weight loss programmes and identify factors affecting acceptability and adherence. This study has been reviewed and approved by the National Health ServiceHealth Research Authority (HRA)Research Ethics Committee (Ref: SC/15/0337). The trial findings will be disseminated to academic and health professionals through presentations at meetings and peer-reviewed journals and to the public through the media. If the intervention is effective, the results will be communicated to policymakers and commissioners of weight management services. ISRCTN75092026. © Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2017. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.

  9. An experimental study on creep of partially molten granulite under high temperature and wet conditions

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhou, Yongsheng; Zhang, Huiting; Yao, Wenming; Dang, Jiaxiang; He, Changrong

    2017-05-01

    Samples of natural granulite were deformed in a gas medium apparatus to evaluate the flow strength of the lower crust. The sample consists of ∼52 vol% plagioclase, ∼40 vol% pyroxene, ∼3 vol% quartz, ∼5 vol% magnetite and ilmenite. Water content was ∼0.17 ± 0.05 wt% in the deformed samples. 40 creep tests were performed on 13 samples at 300 MPa confining pressure, temperatures of 900-1200 °C, and strain rates between 3.13 × 10-6 and 5 × 10-5/s, resulting in axial stresses of 12-764 MPa and the total strain up to 7.8-20.5%. At low temperatures of 900-1000 °C, the microstructural observations show that the granulite samples were deformed in semi-brittle deformation regime, mainly by dislocation glide and intragranular microcracking. At medium temperatures (MT) of 1050-1100 °C, deformation was observed to be dominated by grain boundary migration recrystallization, corresponding to stress exponent nMT of 5.7 ± 0.1, activation energies QMT of 525 ± 34 kJ/mol, log AMT of 1.3. At high temperatures (HT) of 1125-1150 °C, the samples was deformed mainly by grain boundary migration recrystallization accommodated by partial melting and metamorphic reactions characterized by neo-crystallization of fine-grained olivine, with nHT of 4.8 ± 0.1, QHT of 1392 ± 63 kJ/mol, and log AHT of 37.5. Partial melting at high temperatures of 1125-1200 °C, which induces grain boundaries slip and enhances diffusion, has a significant weakening effect on the rheology of granulite, with an estimated strain rate enhancement by 5 times at melt fraction of ∼2 vol%. Reaction from pyroxene to olivine may affect the flow law parameters and deformation mechanism. Based on our data, a wet and cool continental lower crust may still be in brittle deformation regime, whereas a hot lower crust may likely have a weak layer with plastic deformation.

  10. Federal Logistics Information System (FLIS) Procedures Manual. General and Administrative Information. Volume 1.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1996-04-01

    Logistics Transfer 3 Data KFA Match Through Association 1 KFC File Data Minus Security Classi- 1 Note 1: Output DICs other than Search and Inter- fled...vols 8/9 KEC Output Exceeds AUTODIN Limitations 4,5 vols 8/9 KFA Match through Association 4 vols 8/9 KFC File Data Minus Security Classified...Activities 2 Nuclear Ordnance 4 Reference Numbers 2 SECURITY CLASSIFIED DATA, FILE DATA MINUS 4 vols 8/9, DIC KFC SECURITY CLASSIFIED CHARACTERISTICS 4 vols

  11. Human Health Exposure Assessment for Rocky Mountain Arsenal. Volume 8. Response to Comments on the Draft Exposure Assessment Version 4.1

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1990-09-01

    ASSESSMENT (INCLUDES ARMY AND SHELL TOXICITY PROFILES). VOL. 41V - PPLV METHODOLOGY. VOL. V - PPLV CALCULATIONS. VOL. VI - STUDY AREA EXPOSURE ANALYSIS (A...INTRODUCTION, B WESTERN STUDY AREA, C SOUTHERN STUDY AREA, D NORTHERN CENTRAL STUDY AREA, E CENTRAL STUDY AREA, F EASTERN STUDY AREA, G SOUTH PLANTS... STUDY AREA, AND H NORTH PLANTS STUDY AREA. VOL. VII - SUMMARY EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT. VOL. VIII - 14. SUBJECT TERMS 15. NUMBER OF PAGES PPLV, LAND USE

  12. Occasional Addresses by Edward Teller at Conferences of Laser Interaction and Related Plasma Phenomena (LIRPP)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hora, Heinrich; Miley, George H.

    2016-10-01

    The following sections are included: * Futurology of High Intensity Lasers (LIRPP Vol. 3A) * Lecture in Connection with the Edward Teller Medal Award (LIRPP Vol. 10) * Photo of the First Recipients of the Edward Teller Medal in 1991 * Photos from the Edward Teller Medal Celebration in 1997 * Photo with Participants of the LIRPP No. 12 Conference, 1995 * Photo with Edward Teller Medalists at IFSA01, Kyoto, 2001 * Keynote Address: The Edward Teller Lecture (LIRPP Vol. 11) * Keynote Address: Dr. Edward Teller (LIRPP Vol. 12) * Teller Award Presentation and Keynote Address (LIRPP Vol. 13) * Laudations of Awardees 1991-1995 (LIRPP Vol. 13) * Laudations of Awardees 1999-2003

  13. Reference dosimetry study for 3 MEV electron beam accelerator in malaysia

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ali, Noriah Mod; Sunaga, Hiromi; Tanaka, Ryuichi

    1995-09-01

    An effective quality assurance programme is initiated for the use of the electron beam with energies up to 3 MeV. The key element of the programme is the establishment of a relationship between the standardised beam to the routine technique which is employed to verify the beam parameter. A total absorbing calorimeter was adopted as a suitable reference system and when used in combination with the electron current densitymeter (ECD) will enable to determine the mean energy for electron with energies between 1 to 3 MeV. An appropriate method of transfering the standard parameter is studied and the work that is expected to optimise the accuracy attainable with routine check-up of the irradiation parameter are presented.

  14. EnergyIQ

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    MILLS, EVAN; MATTHE, PAUL; STOUFER, MARTIN

    2016-10-06

    EnergyIQ-the first "action-oriented" benchmarking tool for non-residential buildings-provides a standardized opportunity assessment based on benchmarking results. along with decision-support information to help refine action plans. EnergyIQ offers a wide array of benchmark metrics, with visuall as well as tabular display. These include energy, costs, greenhouse-gas emissions, and a large array of characteristics (e.g. building components or operational strategies). The tool supports cross-sectional benchmarking for comparing the user's building to it's peers at one point in time, as well as longitudinal benchmarking for tracking the performance of an individual building or enterprise portfolio over time. Based on user inputs, the toolmore » generates a list of opportunities and recommended actions. Users can then explore the "Decision Support" module for helpful information on how to refine action plans, create design-intent documentation, and implement improvements. This includes information on best practices, links to other energy analysis tools and more. The variety of databases are available within EnergyIQ from which users can specify peer groups for comparison. Using the tool, this data can be visually browsed and used as a backdrop against which to view a variety of energy benchmarking metrics for the user's own building. User can save their project information and return at a later date to continue their exploration. The initial database is the CA Commercial End-Use Survey (CEUS), which provides details on energy use and characteristics for about 2800 buildings (and 62 building types). CEUS is likely the most thorough survey of its kind every conducted. The tool is built as a web service. The EnergyIQ web application is written in JSP with pervasive us of JavaScript and CSS2. EnergyIQ also supports a SOAP based web service to allow the flow of queries and data to occur with non-browser implementations. Data are stored in an Oracle 10g database. References: Mills, Mathew, Brook and Piette. 2008. "Action Oriented Benchmarking: Concepts and Tools." Energy Engineering, Vol.105, No. 4, pp 21-40. LBNL-358E; Mathew, Mills, Bourassa, Brook. 2008. "Action-Oriented Benchmarking: Using the CEUS Database to Benchmark Commercial Buildings in California." Energy Engineering, Vol 105, No. 5, pp 6-18. LBNL-502E.« less

  15. Increasing Efficiency by Maximizing Electrical Output

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2016-07-27

    in a few limited areas, one being a geothermal flash plant at Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake. But, there are few other heat to electricity...generation sources (but, closest to geothermal because of the lack of combustion and the maintenance issues involved with combustion). [11] Clearly, a...of Energy Resources Technology, March 2009, Vol. 131 [4] “The Chena Hot Springs 400kW Geothermal Power Plant: Experience Gained During the First

  16. Aerospace, Official Publication of the Aerospace Industries Association of America, Inc., Vol. 15, No. 2, Summer 1977. Goals for America: President Carter and Key Administration Leaders Report on their Goals for America.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    McAllister, Gerald J., Ed.

    This document reports on the goals of the President's Cabinet Officers. Included are those by the Secretaries of Agriculture; Commerce; Health, Education and Welfare; Labor; Transportation; Treasury; and Defense. Also included are those by the Administrators of the Federal Energy Administration and the National Aeronautics and Space…

  17. Appropriate Measures and Consistent Standard for High Energy Laser Beam Quality (Postprint)

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2006-08-01

    another. a We follow the 99% criteria [ Siegman , Lasers , chapter 17.1] which corresponds to a... Siegman , “ Lasers ” University Science Books, 1986. • A.E. Siegman , “New developments in laser resonators”, SPIE Vol. 1224, Optical Resonators, 1990...pp. 1-14. • Anthony E. Siegman & Steven W. Townsend, “Output Beam Propagation and Beam Quality from a Multimode Stable-Cavity Laser ”, IEEE Journal

  18. Propulsion Systems

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2011-03-31

    Manual 91 - 710 Vol. 2 ( AFSPCMAN 91 - 710 V2). 8. Astrium EADS. 2010. cs.astrium.eads.net. April. 9. Astrium EADS. 2010. : http...of the High Energy Density Matter (HEDM) Conference. Albuquerque, NM, February 24-27, (Phillips Lab PL-CP- 91 -3003, p. 3 ). 104. Sullivan, D. J...Chapter 3 . DATES COVERED (From - To) 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER Chapter 18 - Propulsion Systems 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT

  19. Changes of the Electrical and Optical Character of Polyimide Films (and the Chemistry that Drives Them) Due to Exposure to High Energy GEO-like Electrons

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2015-10-18

    developed models to fit this data and derive the bulk conductivity. [9-11, 19] After aging and measuring discharge rates we remove small pieces of...34Charge trapping in corona -charge polyethylene films," Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, vol. 13, p. 1343, 1980. [20] R. Li, C. Li, S. He, M. Di

  20. Comparison of Hall Thruster Plume Expansion Model with Experimental Data

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2006-05-23

    focus of this study, is a hybrid particle- in-cell ( PIC ) model that tracks particles along an unstructured tetrahedral mesh. * Research Engineer...measurements of the ion current density profile, ion energy distributions, and ion species fraction distributions using a nude Faraday probe, retarding...Vol.37 No.1. 6 Oh, D. and Hastings, D., “Three Dimensional PIC -DSMC Simulations of Hall Thruster Plumes and Analysis for Realistic Spacecraft

  1. USSR Report, Space Biology and Aerospace Medicine, Vol. 18, No. 5, September-October 1984

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1984-11-20

    Exchange and Pulmonary Circulation in Man 34 Regional Circulation During Testing on Isokinetic Dynamometer Following 14-Day Bedrest 39 Primate...Indicator of Animal Adaptation to Altitude Hypoxia . 71 Distinctions of Rat Lymphatic Organ Reactions to Acute Stress Factor During Hypokinesia...14, 40, 51].^ Experimental validation of the energy principle of noise effects made it possible to turn to estimation of its equivalent level. The

  2. Real-Time Optimization in Complex Stochastic Environment

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2015-06-24

    simpler ones, thus addressing scalability and the limited resources of networked wireless devices. This, however, comes at the expense of increased...Maximization of Wireless Sensor Networks with Non-ideal Batteries”, IEEE Trans. on Control of Network Systems, Vol. 1, 1, pp. 86-98, 2014. [27...C.G., “Optimal Energy-Efficient Downlink Transmission Scheduling for Real-Time Wireless Networks ”, subm. to IEEE Trans. on Control of Network Systems

  3. Oak Ridge National Laboratory [ORNL] Review, Vol. 25, Nos. 3 and 4, 1992 [The First Fifty Years

    DOE R&D Accomplishments Database

    Krause, C.(ed.)

    1992-01-01

    In observation of the 50th anniversary of Oak Ridge National Laboratory, this special double issue of the Review contains a history of the Laboratory, complete with photographs, drawings, and short accompanying articles. Table of contents include: Wartime Laboratory; High-flux Years; Accelerating Projects; Olympian Feats; Balancing Act; Responding to Social Needs; Energy Technologies; Diversity and Sharing; Global Outreach; Epilogue

  4. Novel DDR Processing of Corn Stover Achieves High Monomeric Sugar Concentrations from Enzymatic Hydrolysis (230 g/L) and High Ethanol Concentration (10% v/v) During Fermentation

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Chen, Xiaowen; Jennings, Ed; Shekiro, Joe

    Distilling and purifying ethanol, butanol, and other products from second and later generation lignocellulosic biorefineries adds significant capital and operating cost for biofuels production. The energy costs associated with distillation affects plant gate and life cycle analysis costs. Lower titers in fermentation due to lower sugar concentrations from pretreatment increase both energy and production costs. In addition, higher titers decrease the volumes required for enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation vessels. Therefore, increasing biofuels titers has been a research focus in renewable biofuels production for several decades. In this work, we achieved over 200 g/L of monomeric sugars after high solids enzymaticmore » hydrolysis using the novel deacetylation and disc refining (DDR) process on corn stover. The high sugar concentrations and low chemical inhibitor concentrations from the DDR process allowed ethanol titers as high as 82 g/L in 22 hours, which translates into approximately 10 vol% ethanol. To our knowledge, this is the first time that 10 vol% ethanol in fermentation derived from corn stover without any sugar concentration or purification steps has been reported. Techno-economic analysis shows the higher titer ethanol achieved from the DDR process could significantly reduce the minimum ethanol selling price from cellulosic biomass.« less

  5. 40 CFR 80.65 - General requirements for refiners and importers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... % Olefins content 2.5 vol % Benzene content 0.21 vol % Ethanol content 0.4 vol % Methanol content 0.2 vol... the property at one additional independent laboratory. If this second independent laboratory obtains a... representative sample from a batch of reformulated gasoline, to: (A) Obtain the refiner's or importer's assigned...

  6. 40 CFR 80.65 - General requirements for refiners and importers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... % Olefins content 2.5 vol % Benzene content 0.21 vol % Ethanol content 0.4 vol % Methanol content 0.2 vol... the property at one additional independent laboratory. If this second independent laboratory obtains a... representative sample from a batch of reformulated gasoline, to: (A) Obtain the refiner's or importer's assigned...

  7. Local Muscle Metabolic Demand Induced by Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation and Voluntary Contractions at Different Force Levels: A NIRS Study.

    PubMed

    Muthalib, Makii; Kerr, Graham; Nosaka, Kazunori; Perrey, Stephane

    2016-06-13

    Functional Muscle metabolic demand during contractions evoked by neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) has been consistently documented to be greater than voluntary contractions (VOL) at the same force level (10-50% maximal voluntary contraction-MVC). However, we have shown using a near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) technique that local muscle metabolic demand is similar between NMES and VOL performed at MVC levels, thus controversy exists. This study therefore compared biceps brachii muscle metabolic demand (tissue oxygenation index-TOI and total hemoglobin volume-tHb) during a 10s isometric contraction of the elbow flexors between NMES (stimulation frequency of 30Hz and current level to evoke 30% MVC) and VOL at 30% MVC (VOL-30%MVC) and MVC (VOL-MVC) level in 8 healthy men (23-33-y). Greater changes in TOI and tHb induced by NMES than VOL-30%MVC confirm previous studies of a greater local metabolic demand for NMES than VOL at the same force level. The same TOI and tHb changes for NMES and VOL-MVC suggest that local muscle metabolic demand and intramuscular pressure were similar between conditions. In conclusion, these findings indicate that NMES induce a similar local muscle metabolic demand as that of maximal VOL.

  8. Local Muscle Metabolic Demand Induced by Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation and Voluntary Contractions at Different Force Levels: A NIRS Study

    PubMed Central

    Muthalib, Makii; Kerr, Graham; Nosaka, Kazunori; Perrey, Stephane

    2016-01-01

    Functional Muscle metabolic demand during contractions evoked by neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) has been consistently documented to be greater than voluntary contractions (VOL) at the same force level (10-50% maximal voluntary contraction-MVC). However, we have shown using a near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) technique that local muscle metabolic demand is similar between NMES and VOL performed at MVC levels, thus controversy exists. This study therefore compared biceps brachii muscle metabolic demand (tissue oxygenation index-TOI and total hemoglobin volume-tHb) during a 10s isometric contraction of the elbow flexors between NMES (stimulation frequency of 30Hz and current level to evoke 30% MVC) and VOL at 30% MVC (VOL-30%MVC) and MVC (VOL-MVC) level in 8 healthy men (23-33-y). Greater changes in TOI and tHb induced by NMES than VOL-30%MVC confirm previous studies of a greater local metabolic demand for NMES than VOL at the same force level. The same TOI and tHb changes for NMES and VOL-MVC suggest that local muscle metabolic demand and intramuscular pressure were similar between conditions. In conclusion, these findings indicate that NMES induce a similar local muscle metabolic demand as that of maximal VOL. PMID:27478574

  9. Energy law service. Volume 2. Monographs

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Green, H.P.

    1978-01-01

    This volume (a companion to the Energy Guide, Vol. 1) contains the following: Monograph 1A - The National Energy Act; Monograph 3A - The Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act; Monograph 4A - Gasoline: regulation of price and supply; Monograph 5A - Electric utility rate design; Monograph 6A - Nuclear export control; Monograph 6B - Nuclear Regulatory Commission practice and procedure; Monograph 6C - The Three Mile Island episode: liability and financial implications; Monograph 8A - The Environmental Policy Act; Monograph 10A - Collection and analysis of energy information by the Federal Government; Monograph 11A - Management of energy resourcesmore » on Federal lands; Monograph 12A - Regulation of costs under Department of Energy contracts; Monograph 13A - Foreign investment in United States energy resources; and Monograph 14A - Transportation of energy resources. In addition, a Supplement published July 1979, with updated information on Monographs 4A, 5A, 6B, 10A, 11A, and 12A is included.« less

  10. Different effects of propofol and isoflurane on cochlear blood flow and hearing function in Guinea pigs.

    PubMed

    Xiao, Ying; Wen, Jian; Bai, Yanxia; Duan, Na; Jing, G X

    2014-01-01

    To investigate the effects of isoflurane and propofol on mean arterial pressure (MAP), cochlear blood flow (CoBF), distortion-product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE), and the ultrastructure of outer hair cells (OHCs) in guinea pig cochleae. Forty-eight male guinea pigs were randomly assigned to one of six treatment groups. Groups 1 to 3 were infused (i.v.) with a loading dose of propofol (5 mg/kg) for 5 min and three maintenance doses (10, 20, or 40 mg kg-1·h-1, respectively) for 115 min. Groups 4 to 6 were inhaled with isoflurane at concentrations of 1.15 vol%, 2.30 vol% or 3.45 vol% respectively for 120 min. CoBF and MAP were recorded prior to and at 5 min intervals during drug administration. DPOAE was measured before, immediately after, and 1 h after administration. Following the final DPOAE test, cochleae were examined using scanning electron microscopy. Propofol treatment reduced MAP in a dose-dependent manner. CoBF and DPOAE showed increases at propofol maintenance doses of 10 and 20 mg kg-1·h-1. Inhalation of isoflurane at concentrations of 2.30 vol% and 3.45 vol% reduced MAP and CoBF. DPOAE amplitude increased following inhalation of 1.15 vol% isoflurane, but decreased following inhalations of 2.30 vol% and 3.45 vol%. Cochlear structure was changed following inhalation of either 2.30 vol% or 3.45 vol% isoflurane. Propofol could decrease MAP and increase both CoBF and DPOAE without affecting OHC structure. Inhalation of isoflurane at concentrations >2.30 vol% decreased CoBF and DPOAE, and produced injury to OHCs.

  11. Energy and carbohydrate for training and recovery.

    PubMed

    Burke, Louise M; Loucks, Anne B; Broad, Nick

    2006-07-01

    Soccer players should achieve an energy intake that provides sufficient carbohydrate to fuel the training and competition programme, supplies all nutrient requirements, and allows manipulation of energy or nutrient balance to achieve changes in lean body mass, body fat or growth. Although the traditional culture of soccer has focused on carbohydrate intake for immediate match preparation, top players should adapt their carbohydrate intake on a daily basis to ensure adequate fuel for training and recovery between matches. For players with a mobile playing style, there is sound evidence that dietary programmes that restore and even super-compensate muscle glycogen levels can enhance activity patterns during matches. This will presumably also benefit intensive training, such as twice daily practices. As well as achieving a total intake of carbohydrate commensurate with fuel needs, the everyday diet should promote strategic intake of carbohydrate and protein before and after key training sessions to optimize the adaptations and enhance recovery. The achievement of the ideal physique for soccer is a long-term goal that should be undertaken over successive years, and particularly during the off-season and pre-season. An increase in lean body mass or a decrease in body fat is the product of a targeted training and eating programme. Consultation with a sports nutrition expert can assist soccer players to manipulate energy and nutrient intake to meet such goals. Players should be warned against the accidental or deliberate mismatch of energy intake and energy expenditure, such that energy availability (intake minus the cost of exercise) falls below 125 kJ (30 kcal) per kilogram of fat-free mass per day. Such low energy availability causes disturbances to hormonal, metabolic, and immune function.

  12. Dangers associated with civil nuclear power programmes: weaponization and nuclear waste.

    PubMed

    Boulton, Frank

    2015-07-24

    The number of nuclear power plants in the world rose exponentially to 420 by 1990 and peaked at 438 in 2002; but by 2014, as closed plants were not replaced, there were just 388. In spite of using more renewable energy, the world still relies on fossil fuels, but some countries plan to develop new nuclear programmes. Spent nuclear fuel, one of the most dangerous and toxic materials known, can be reprocessed into fresh fuel or into weapons-grade materials, and generates large amounts of highly active waste. This article reviews available literature on government and industry websites and from independent analysts on world energy production, the aspirations of the 'new nuclear build' programmes in China and the UK, and the difficulties in keeping the environment safe over an immense timescale while minimizing adverse health impacts and production of greenhouse gases, and preventing weaponization by non-nuclear-weapons states acquiring civil nuclear technology.

  13. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Häusler, I., E-mail: ines.haeusler@bam.de; Dörfel, I., E-mail: Ilona.doerfel@bam.de; Peplinski, B., E-mail: Burkhard.peplinski@bam.de

    A model system was used to simulate the properties of tribofilms which form during automotive braking. The model system was prepared by ball milling of a blend of 70 vol.% iron oxides, 15 vol.% molybdenum disulfide and 15 vol.% graphite. The resulting mixture was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and various transmission electron microscopic (TEM) methods, including energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS), high resolution investigations (HRTEM) with corresponding simulation of the HRTEM images, diffraction methods such as scanning nano-beam electron diffraction (SNBED) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). It could be shown that the ballmore » milling caused a reduction of the grain size of the initial components to the nanometer range. Sometimes even amorphization or partial break-down of the crystal structure was observed for MoS{sub 2} and graphite. Moreover, chemical reactions lead to a formation of surface coverings of the nanoparticles by amorphous material, molybdenum oxides, and iron sulfates as derived from XPS. - Highlights: • Ball milling of iron oxides, MoS{sub 2}, and graphite to simulate a tribofilm • Increasing coefficient of friction after ball milling of the model blend • Drastically change of the diffraction pattern of the powder mixture • TEM & XPS showed the components of the milled mixture and the process during milling. • MoS{sub 2} and graphite suffered a loss in translation symmetry or became amorphous.« less

  14. Experiences of Educational Content in Swedish Technical Vocational Education: Examples from the Energy and Industry Programmes

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Kilbrink, Nina; Bjurulf, Veronica; Olin-Scheller, Christina; Tengberg, Michael

    2014-01-01

    In this study, teachers and workplace supervisors in two vocational programmes at a Swedish upper secondary school were interviewed about their experiences of what is important to teach and learn during vocational education. The interviews were analysed thematically by the qualitative method analysis of narratives concerning what the informants…

  15. Microscopic adaptation of BaHfO3 and Y2O3 artificial pinning centers for strong and isotropic pinning landscape in YBa2Cu3O7-x thin films

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gautam, Bibek; Sebastian, Mary Ann; Chen, Shihong; Haugan, Timothy; Zhang, Wenrui; Huang, Jijie; Wang, Haiyan; Wu, Judy Z.

    2018-07-01

    A study of 3 vol% Y2O3 + 2-6 vol% BaHfO3 double-doped YBa2Cu3O7-x (BHO DD) epitaxial thin films was carried out to explore the morphology adaption of c-axis aligned one-dimensional BHO artificial pinning centers (1D APCs) to secondary Y2O3 nanoparticles (3D APCs). BHO 1D APCs have been predicted to have the least rigidity in an elastic strain energy model in APC/YBa2Cu3O7-x nanocomposite films. Consequently, they could be best ‘tuned’ away from the c-axis alignment by local strains generated by the Y2O3 3D APCs. This provides an opportunity to generate mixed-morphology APCs, especially at high BHO concentrations. Motivated by this, we have carried out a systematic study of the transport critical current density J c(H, T, θ) on the BHO DD samples in magnetic fields (H) up to 90 kOe at different H orientations from H//c-axis (θ = 0), to θ = 45°, and to H//ab-plane (θ = 90°). Enhanced pinning at all three orientations was observed as illustrated in the comparable low alpha (α) values in the range of 0.13-0.25 at 65 K, which is consistent with the mixed 1D (in c-axis) + 2D (in ab-plane) + 3D APCs observed in transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Upon increasing BHO concentration from 2 to 4 vol%, a monotonic increase of the accommodation field H* at θ = 0°, 45° and 90° was observed, indicative of the APC concentration increase of the mixed morphologies. At 6 vol% BHO, the H* continues the increase to 85 kOe at H//c-axis (θ = 0), and >90 kOe H//ab-plane (θ = 90°), while it decreases from 80 to 85 kOe at 2-4 vol% to 60 kOe at 6 vol% at θ = 45°, which is consistent with the TEM observation of the connection of 3D APCs, appeared at lower BHO concentration into 2D ones in ab-plane at the higher BHO concentrations. These results shed light on the quantitative adaptation of APCs of mixed morphologies with increasing BHO doping in the BHO DD thin films and are important for controlling the APC pinning landscape towards minimal angular dependence.

  16. Teaching about Energy: From Everyday to Scientific Understandings

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Millar, Robin

    2014-01-01

    A key challenge in designing a teaching programme on energy is in deciding how best to deal with the differences in how the word "energy" is used and understood in everyday discourse and in science. Many of the most important decisions and choices about energy matters, both for individuals and society, can be adequately understood from…

  17. Kinetics of transformation of deformation processed gold-matrix composite

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wongpreedee, Kageeporn

    Gold matrix Ḏeformation-processed M&barbelow;etal M&barbelow;etal C&barbelow;omposites (DMMC) have been developed that have better strength and conductivity than conventional gold alloys. However, DMMC possess metastable two-phase microstructures, and their strength and conductivity decrease after prolonged exposure to elevated temperatures. The kinetics of the transformation from the metastable two-phase microstructure to the equilibrium single-phase solid solution is of interest. This document describes a study of the elevated temperature stability of Au DMMC's and the relationship between microstructure and resistivity of three compositions: Au-7 vol %Ag, Au-14 vol %Ag, and Au-vol 7%Pt. DMMC samples were prepared by a powder metallurgy technique and mechanical processes. The smallest final diameter of these wires was 120 mum. Avrami and Arrhenius relations were used to evaluate the kinetic transformation. The extensive deformation used to produce these composites reshaped the initially equi-axed powder particles into a nanofilamentary composite. Electrical resistivity measurements were used to determine the degree of transformation from the initial metastable nano-filamentary composite to the equilibrium solid solution condition. These measurements indicated that this transformation in Au-14 at%Ag, Au-7 at %Ag Au and Au-7 at %Pt DMMC wires proceeded with activation energies of 141, 156, and 167 kJ/mol, respectively. It is thought that these empirically determined activation energies differ from those determined in single crystal, planar interface Au-Ag and Au-Pt diffusion couples due to chemical potential, surface curvature, and strain effects. The DMMC systems reach the equilibrium solid solution condition faster than single crystal, planar interface systems for two reasons: (1) far more defects (dislocations, grain boundaries, vacancies from non-conservative dislocation motion, etc.) are present in the Au-Ag and Au-Pt DMMC composites, and (2) the small radius of curvature of the Ag and Pt filaments increases the chemical potential for diffusion in the DMMC.

  18. Comparison between electrically evoked and voluntary isometric contractions for biceps brachii muscle oxidative metabolism using near-infrared spectroscopy.

    PubMed

    Muthalib, Makii; Jubeau, Marc; Millet, Guillaume Y; Maffiuletti, Nicola A; Nosaka, Kazunori

    2009-09-01

    This study compared voluntary (VOL) and electrically evoked isometric contractions by muscle stimulation (EMS) for changes in biceps brachii muscle oxygenation (tissue oxygenation index, DeltaTOI) and total haemoglobin concentration (DeltatHb = oxygenated haemoglobin + deoxygenated haemoglobin) determined by near-infrared spectroscopy. Twelve men performed EMS with one arm followed 24 h later by VOL with the contralateral arm, consisting of 30 repeated (1-s contraction, 1-s relaxation) isometric contractions at 30% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) for the first 60 s, and maximal intensity contractions thereafter (MVC for VOL and maximal tolerable current at 30 Hz for EMS) until MVC decreased approximately 30% of pre-exercise MVC. During the 30 contractions at 30% MVC, DeltaTOI decrease was significantly (P < 0.05) greater and DeltatHb was significantly (P < 0.05) lower for EMS than VOL, suggesting that the metabolic demand for oxygen in EMS is greater than VOL at the same torque level. However, during maximal intensity contractions, although EMS torque (approximately 40% of VOL) was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than VOL, DeltaTOI was similar and tHb was significantly (P < 0.05) lower for EMS than VOL towards the end, without significant differences between the two sessions in the recovery period. It is concluded that the oxygen demand of the activated biceps brachii muscle in EMS is comparable to VOL at maximal intensity.

  19. Rheological flow laws for multiphase magmas: An empirical approach

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Pistone, Mattia; Cordonnier, Benoît; Ulmer, Peter; Caricchi, Luca

    2016-07-01

    The physical properties of magmas play a fundamental role in controlling the eruptive dynamics of volcanoes. Magmas are multiphase mixtures of crystals and gas bubbles suspended in a silicate melt and, to date, no flow laws describe their rheological behaviour. In this study we present a set of equations quantifying the flow of high-viscosity (> 105 Pa·s) silica-rich multiphase magmas, containing both crystals (24-65 vol.%) and gas bubbles (9-12 vol.%). Flow laws were obtained using deformation experiments performed at high temperature (673-1023 K) and pressure (200-250 MPa) over a range of strain-rates (5 · 10- 6 s- 1 to 4 · 10- 3 s- 1), conditions that are relevant for volcanic conduit processes of silica-rich systems ranging from crystal-rich lava domes to crystal-poor obsidian flows. We propose flow laws in which stress exponent, activation energy, and pre-exponential factor depend on a parameter that includes the volume fraction of weak phases (i.e. melt and gas bubbles) present in the magma. The bubble volume fraction has opposing effects depending on the relative crystal volume fraction: at low crystallinity bubble deformation generates gas connectivity and permeability pathways, whereas at high crystallinity bubbles do not connect and act as ;lubricant; objects during strain localisation within shear bands. We show that such difference in the evolution of texture is mainly controlled by the strain-rate (i.e. the local stress within shear bands) at which the experiments are performed, and affect the empirical parameters used for the flow laws. At low crystallinity (< 44 vol.%) we observe an increase of viscosity with increasing strain-rate, while at high crystallinity (> 44 vol.%) the viscosity decreases with increasing strain-rate. Because these behaviours are also associated with modifications of sample textures during the experiment and, thus, are not purely the result of different deformation rates, we refer to ;apparent shear-thickening; and ;apparent shear-thinning; for the behaviours observed at low and high crystallinity, respectively. At low crystallinity, increasing deformation rate favours the transfer of gas bubbles in regions of high strain localisation, which, in turn, leads to outgassing and the observed increase of viscosity with increasing strain-rate. At high crystallinity gas bubbles remain trapped within crystals and no outgassing occurs, leading to strain localisation in melt-rich shear bands and to a decrease of viscosity with increasing strain-rate, behaviour observed also in crystal-bearing suspensions. Increasing the volume fraction of weak phases induces limited variation of the stress exponent and pre-exponential factor in both apparent shear-thickening and apparent shear-thinning regimes; conversely, the activation energy is strongly dependent on gas bubble and melt volume fractions. A transient rheology from apparent shear-thickening to apparent shear-thinning behaviour is observed for a crystallinity of 44 vol.%. The proposed equations can be implemented in numerical models dealing with the flow of crystal- and bubble-bearing magmas. We present results of analytical simulations showing the effect of the rheology of three-phase magmas on conduit flow dynamics, and show that limited bubble volumes (< 10 vol.%) lead to strain localisation at the conduit margins during the ascent of crystal-rich lava domes and crystal-poor obsidian flows.

  20. Recruiting Effects of Army Advertising

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1989-01-01

    Journal of Advertising Research , Vol. 20, No. 4, August 1980. Assmus...Vol. 21, No. 1, February 1984. Aykac, Ahmet, Marcel Corstijens, and David Gautschi, "Is There a Kink in Your Advertising?" Journal of Advertising Research , Vol...A. Jay, and T. Twyman, "The Validity of Advertising Pretests," Journal of Advertising Research , Vol. 17, No. 2, 1977. Box, G. E. P., and Larry

  1. Looking Back and Ahead: 20 Years of Technologies for Language Learning

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Godwin-Jones, Robert

    2016-01-01

    Over the last 20 years Robert Godwin-Jones has written 48 columns on "Emerging Technologies"; an additional six columns have been written by guest columnists. Several topics have been re-examined in regular intervals of approximately five years, namely digital literacy (Vol. 4, Num. 2; Vol. 10, Num. 2; Vol. 14, Num. 3; Vol. 19, Num. 3)…

  2. Health promotion and sustainability programmes in Australia: barriers and enablers to evaluation.

    PubMed

    Patrick, Rebecca; Kingsley, Jonathan

    2017-08-01

    In an era characterised by the adverse impacts of climate change and environmental degradation, health promotion programmes are beginning to actively link human health with environmental sustainability imperatives. This paper draws on a study of health promotion and sustainability programmes in Australia, providing insights to evaluation approaches being used and barriers and enablers to these evaluations. The study was based on a multi-strategy research involving both quantitative and qualitative methods. Health promotion practitioners explained through surveys and semi-structured interviews that they focused on five overarching health and sustainability programme types (healthy and sustainable food, active transport, energy efficiency, contact with nature, and capacity building). Various evaluation methods and indicators (health, social, environmental, economic and demographic) were identified as being valuable for monitoring and evaluating health and sustainability programmes. Findings identified several evaluation enablers such as successful community engagement, knowledge of health and sustainability issues and programme champions, whereas barriers included resource constraints and competing interests. This paper highlights the need for ecological models and evaluation tools to support the design and monitoring of health promotion and sustainability programmes.

  3. A Weathering Index for CK and R Chondrites

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Rubin, Alan E.; Huber, Heinz

    2006-01-01

    We present a new weathering index (wi) for the metallic-Fe-Ni-poor chondrite groups (CK and R) based mainly on transmitted light observations of the modal abundance of crystalline material that is stained brown in thin sections: wi-0, <5 vol%; wi-1, 5-25 vol%; wi-2,25-50 vol%; wi-3,50- 75 vol%; wi-4, 75-95 vol%; wi-5, >95 vol%, wi-6, significant replacement of mafic silicates by phyllosilicates. Brown staining reflects mobilization of oxidized iron derived mainly from terrestrial weathering of Ni-bearing sulfide. With increasing degrees of terrestrial weathering of CK and R chondrites, the sulfide modal abundance decreases, and S, Se, and Ni become increasingly depleted. In addition, bulk Cl increases in Antarctic CK chondrites, probably due to contamination from airborne sea mist.

  4. Thermostat Interface and Usability: A Survey

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Meier, Alan; Peffer, Therese; Pritoni, Marco

    2010-09-04

    This report investigates the history of thermostats to better understand the context and legacy regarding the development of this important tool, as well as thermostats' relationships to heating, cooling, and other environmental controls. We analyze the architecture, interfaces, and modes of interaction used by different types of thermostats. For over sixty years, home thermostats have translated occupants' temperature preferences into heating and cooling system operations. In this position of an intermediary, the millions of residential thermostats control almost half of household energy use, which corresponds to about 10percent of the nation's total energy use. Thermostats are currently undergoing rapid developmentmore » in response to emerging technologies, new consumer and utility demands, and declining manufacturing costs. Energy-efficient homes require more careful balancing of comfort, energy consumption, and health. At the same time, new capabilities will be added to thermostats, including scheduling, control of humidity and ventilation, responsiveness to dynamic electricity prices, and the ability to join communication networks inside homes. Recent studies have found that as many as 50percent of residential programmable thermostats are in permanent"hold" status. Other evaluations found that homes with programmable thermostats consumed more energy than those relying on manual thermostats. Occupants find thermostats cryptic and baffling to operate because manufacturers often rely on obscure, and sometimes even contradictory, terms, symbols, procedures, and icons. It appears that many people are unable to fully exploit even the basic features in today's programmable thermostats, such as setting heating and cooling schedules. It is important that people can easily, reliably, and confidently operate thermostats in their homes so as to remain comfortable while minimizing energy use.« less

  5. Social Housing Policies and Best Practice Review for Retrofit Action - Case Studies from Parma (IT)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gherri, Barbara; Cavagliano, Chiara; Orsi, Samuele

    2017-10-01

    The paper aims at investigating the most suitable Energy Saving Measures -ESMs- for the retrofitting of Social Housing Stock -SHS- in Europe. A global awareness has been increasing, as well as education and training among architects and building sectors employees, in order to identify tailored financing schemes and advanced integrated retrofitting solutions. Several European financed programmes have been tested so far and the results are here summarized and deeply investigated in order to increase the energy performance of social housing buildings, to improve knowledge of problems associated with the retrofitting of these households, in order to provide the most appropriate solutions to be applied. Afterward, the best practices selected have been applied to some study cases in Italy, to demonstrate that the large variety of SH programmes in Europe can seriously be used, promoting the best practises’ application. A lot of theoretical and analytical work has been carried out by many European projects in the last decade, defining different approaches according to typologies of social housing buildings, focusing on national or regional regulation, on existing typologies and building techniques, on retrofitting solutions, on energy saving strategies and other managing approaches and energy saving devices. Due to the high participation of social housing organisations -SHO- and related European financed programmes, this academic research is focused on the most effective ESMs in order to encompass a large variety of needs and related solutions, even though some of them are still on course and other ones have already been completed. This research clearly demonstrates the valuable contribution these kinds of programme have in exchanging and sharing of knowledge and experience in the field of retrofit of Social Housing building across Europe, in order to primary improve the energy performance of the existing building stock and the quality of life of their inhabitants.

  6. Remedial Investigation Badger Army Ammunition Plant, Baraboo, Wisconsin. Volume 3. Appendices G Through J

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1991-01-01

    B~est Availlable COPY AD-A280 438’El UlHI~ll lIMEll l Ulll "U.S. Army Environmental Center 7C, 0* £0 t;,2.’ . .. US AR.Y E[N,’IP r TM,’.F A, CENtIR...Split Groundwater Samples Vol. 6 APPENDIX M - CALCULATIONS FOR PARAMETERS USED IN RISK ASSESSMENT Vol. 7 APPENDIX N - IRIS FILES FOR COMPOUNDS OF...POTENTIAL CONCERN Vol. 7 APPENDIX 0 - HUMAN HEALTH RISK CALCULATIONS Vol. 7 APPENDIX P - INVENTORY OF SITE SPECIES Vol. 7 APPENDIX Q - EXPOSURE

  7. Computation of statistical secondary structure of nucleic acids.

    PubMed Central

    Yamamoto, K; Kitamura, Y; Yoshikura, H

    1984-01-01

    This paper presents a computer analysis of statistical secondary structure of nucleic acids. For a given single stranded nucleic acid, we generated "structure map" which included all the annealing structures in the sequence. The map was transformed into "energy map" by rough approximation; here, the energy level of every pairing structure consisting of more than 2 successive nucleic acid pairs was calculated. By using the "energy map", the probability of occurrence of each annealed structure was computed, i.e., the structure was computed statistically. The basis of computation was the 8-queen problem in the chess game. The validity of our computer programme was checked by computing tRNA structure which has been well established. Successful application of this programme to small nuclear RNAs of various origins is demonstrated. PMID:6198622

  8. Survival of Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells Following Ultrahigh Dose Rate Electron and Bremsstrahlung Radiation

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1990-04-01

    and a stepped lead flattening filter. The electron energy used for these studies was 13 MeV. Dosimetry was performed by the Health Physics Division...VolI LJSAFSAPA-TR-90-4 AD-A222 722 SURVIVAL OF CHINESE HAMSTER OVARY CELLS FOLLOWING ULTRAHIGH DOSE RATE ELECTRON AND BREMISSTRAHLUNG RADIATION...Include Security ;a!. iatcn) Survival of Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells Following Ultrahigh Dose Rate Electron and Bremsstrahlung Radiation 12 PERSONAL

  9. Pilot-in-the-Loop CFD Method Development

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2015-04-30

    Comparison of Actuator Disk and Actuator Line Wind Turbine Models and Best Practices for Their Use,” Paper AIAA 2012-0900, 50th AIAA Aerospace...Field Actuator Disc Model,” Wind Energy, Vol. 1, (2), 1998, pp. 73–88. [4] Leclerc, C., and Masson, C., “ Wind Turbine Performance Predictions Using a...6] Mikkelsen, R., “Actuator Disc Methods Applied to Wind Turbines ,” Ph.D. thesis, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark, 2003. [7

  10. Comparison of Hall Thruster Plume Expansion Model with Experimental Data (Preprint)

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2006-07-01

    Cartesian mesh. AQUILA, the focus of this study, is a hybrid PIC model that tracks particles along an unstructured tetrahedral mesh. COLISEUM is capable...measurements of the ion current density profile, ion energy distributions, and ion species fraction distributions using a nude Faraday probe...Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol.37 No.1. 6 Oh, D. and Hastings, D., “Three Dimensional PIC -DSMC Simulations of Hall Thruster Plumes and Analysis for

  11. Radioactive materials released from nuclear power plants. Annual report 1981. Vol. 2

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Tichler, J.; Benkovitz, C.

    Releases of radioactive materials in airborne and liquid effluents from commercial light water reactors during 1981 have been compiled and reported. Data on solid waste shipments as well as selected operating information have been included. This report supplements earlier annual reports issued by the former Atomic Energy Commission and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. The 1981 release data are summarized in tabular form. Data covering specific radionuclides are summarized.

  12. 78 FR 42480 - Energy Conservation Program for Consumer Products: Test Procedures for Refrigerators...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-07-16

    ... #0; #0;Proposed Rules #0; Federal Register #0; #0; #0;This section of the FEDERAL REGISTER contains notices to the public of #0;the proposed issuance of rules and regulations. The purpose of these #0;notices is to give interested persons an opportunity to participate in #0;the rule making prior to the adoption of the final rules. #0; #0; #0; #0;#0;Federal Register / Vol. 7...

  13. The influence of training characteristics on the effect of exercise training in patients with coronary artery disease: Systematic review and meta-regression analysis.

    PubMed

    Kraal, Jos J; Vromen, Tom; Spee, Ruud; Kemps, Hareld M C; Peek, Niels

    2017-10-15

    Although exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation improves exercise capacity of coronary artery disease patients, it is unclear which training characteristic determines this improvement. Total energy expenditure and its constituent training characteristics (training intensity, session frequency, session duration and programme length) vary considerably among clinical trials, making it hard to compare studies directly. Therefore, we performed a systematic review and meta-regression analysis to assess the effect of total energy expenditure and its constituent training characteristics on exercise capacity. We identified randomised controlled trials comparing continuous aerobic exercise training with usual care for patients with coronary artery disease. Studies were included when training intensity, session frequency, session duration and programme length was described, and exercise capacity was reported in peakVO 2 . Energy expenditure was calculated from the four training characteristics. The effect of training characteristics on exercise capacity was determined using mixed effects linear regression analyses. The analyses were performed with and without total energy expenditure as covariate. Twenty studies were included in the analyses. The mean difference in peakVO 2 between the intervention group and control group was 3.97ml·min -1 ·kg -1 (p<0.01, 95% CI 2.86 to 5.07). Total energy expenditure was significantly related to improvement of exercise capacity (effect size 0.91ml·min -1 ·kg -1 per 100J·kg, p<0.01, 95% CI 0.77 to 1.06), no effect was found for its constituent training characteristics after adjustment for total energy expenditure. We conclude that the design of an exercise programme should primarily be aimed at optimising total energy expenditure rather than on one specific training characteristic. Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  14. Kinetic modeling of hydrogen production rate by photoautotrophic cyanobacterium A. variabilis ATCC 29413 as a function of both CO2 concentration and oxygen production rate.

    PubMed

    Salleh, Siti Fatihah; Kamaruddin, Azlina; Uzir, Mohamad Hekarl; Mohamed, Abdul Rahman; Shamsuddin, Abdul Halim

    2017-02-07

    Hydrogen production by cyanobacteria could be one of the promising energy resources in the future. However, there is very limited information regarding the kinetic modeling of hydrogen production by cyanobacteria available in the literature. To provide an in-depth understanding of the biological system involved during the process, the Haldane's noncompetitive inhibition equation has been modified to determine the specific hydrogen production rate (HPR) as a function of both dissolved CO 2 concentration (C TOT ) and oxygen production rate (OPR). The highest HPR of 15 [Formula: see text] was found at x CO2 of 5% vol/vol and the rate consequently decreased when the C TOT and OPR were 0.015 k mol m -3 and 0.55 mL h -1 , respectively. The model provided a fairly good estimation of the HPR with respect to the experimental data collected.

  15. A high plasma: red blood cell transfusion ratio during liver transplantation is associated with decreased blood utilization.

    PubMed

    Pagano, M B; Metcalf, R A; Hess, J R; Reyes, J; Perkins, J D; Montenovo, M I

    2018-04-01

    During massive transfusion, the volume ratio of administered plasma (PL Vol) to red blood cell (RBC Vol) appears to be associated with reduced blood utilization and improved survival. The aim of this study was to evaluate the optimal component ratio in the setting of liver transplantation. This is a retrospective chart review of patients who underwent liver transplantation and received at least 500 ml of red blood cells from January 2013 through December 2015. Kernel smoothing analysis determined the proper component ratios to evaluate were a ≥0·85:1 ratio (high) to a ≤0·85:1 ratio (low). Two groups, plasma volume to RBC volume (PL Vol/RBC Vol) and plasma contained in the platelet units added to the plasma calculation [PL + PLT (platelet)] Vol/RBC Vol, were used to evaluate the component ratios. A total of 188 patients were included in the analysis. In the PL Vol/RBC Vol evaluation, a low ratio revealed that 1238 ml (977-1653 ml) (P < 0·0001) and 1178 ml (747-1178) (P < 0·0001) of RBC were used in excess compared to the high ratio, in the univariable and multivariable analysis, respectively. In the PL +PLT Vol/RBC Vol evaluation, a low ratio used 734 ml (193-1275) (P = 0·008) and 886 ml (431-1340) (P < 0·0001) of RBC in excess when compared to high ratio in the univariable and multivariable analysis, respectively. In patients undergoing liver transplantation, the transfusion of plasma to RBC ratio ≥0·85 was associated with decreased need of RBC transfusions. © 2018 International Society of Blood Transfusion.

  16. The Influence of Preoperative Aneurysmal Thrombus Quantity and Distribution on the Development of Type II Endoleaks with Aneurysm Sac Enlargement After EVAR of AAA

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Müller-Wille, R., E-mail: rene.mueller-wille@ukr.de; Güntner, O., E-mail: oliverguentner@yahoo.de; Zeman, F., E-mail: florian.zeman@ukr.de

    PurposeTo determine the influence of preoperative aneurysmal thrombus quantity and distribution on the development of type II endoleak with aneurysm sac enlargement after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR).Materials and MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the pre- and postoperatively performed CT scans of 118 patients who had follow-up imaging for at least 1 year after EVAR available. We assessed preoperative thrombus perimeter (T{sub Peri}), diameter (T{sub Dia}), cross-sectional area (T{sub CSA}), and volume (T{sub Vol}). The preoperative thrombus distribution was classified into no thrombus, semilunar-shaped (anterior, right side, left side, posterior) thrombus, and circumferential type thrombus. The number of preoperative patent aortic side branches (ASB)more » was identified. Endpoint was type II endoleak with aneurysm volume (A{sub Vol}) increase of ≥5 % during follow-up.ResultsDuring follow-up (2 years, range 1–9 years), 17 patients with type II endoleak had significant A{sub Vol} increase. Less preoperative T{sub Peri}, T{sub Dia}, T{sub CSA}, and T{sub Vol} were associated with A{sub Vol} increase. A circumferential thrombus distribution significantly protected against aneurysm enlargement (p = 0.028). The variables with the strongest significance for A{sub Vol} increase were preoperative T{sub Vol}/A{sub Vol} ratio (OR 0.95; p = 0.037) and number of patent ASB (OR 3.52; p < 0.001).ConclusionA low preoperative T{sub Vol}/A{sub Vol} ratio and a high number of patent ASB were associated with aneurysm sac enlargement after EVAR.« less

  17. Prediction of Energy Expenditure during Walking in Adults with Down Syndrome

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Agiovlasitis, Stamatis; Mendonca, Goncalo V.; McCubbin, Jeffrey A.; Fernhall, Bo

    2018-01-01

    Background: When developing walking programmes for improving health in adults with Down syndrome (DS), physical activity professionals are in need of an equation for predicting energy expenditure. We therefore developed and cross-validated an equation for predicting the rate of oxygen uptake (VO[subscript 2]; an index of energy expenditure) for…

  18. Eye vision system using programmable micro-optics and micro-electronics

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Riza, Nabeel A.; Amin, M. Junaid; Riza, Mehdi N.

    2014-02-01

    Proposed is a novel eye vision system that combines the use of advanced micro-optic and microelectronic technologies that includes programmable micro-optic devices, pico-projectors, Radio Frequency (RF) and optical wireless communication and control links, energy harvesting and storage devices and remote wireless energy transfer capabilities. This portable light weight system can measure eye refractive powers, optimize light conditions for the eye under test, conduct color-blindness tests, and implement eye strain relief and eye muscle exercises via time sequenced imaging. Described is the basic design of the proposed system and its first stage system experimental results for vision spherical lens refractive error correction.

  19. Installation package for integrated programmable electronic controller and hydronic subsystem - solar heating and cooling

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1978-01-01

    A description is given of the Installation, Operation, and Maintenance Manual and information on the power panel and programmable microprocessor, a hydronic solar pump system and a hydronic heating hot water pumping system. These systems are integrated into various configurations for usages in solar energy management, control and monitoring, lighting control, data logging and other solar related applications.

  20. Radio frequency shielding behaviour of silane treated Fe2O3/E-glass fibre reinforced epoxy hybrid composite

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Arun prakash, V. R.; Rajadurai, A.

    2016-10-01

    In this work, radio frequency shielding behaviour of polymer (epoxy) matrixes composed of E-glass fibres and Fe2O3 fillers have been studied. The principal aim of this project is to prepare suitable shielding material for RFID application. When RFID unit is pasted on a metal plate without shielding material, the sensing distance is reduced, resulting in a less than useful RFID system. To improve RF shielding of epoxy, fibres and fillers were utilized. Magnetic behaviour of epoxy polymer composites was measured by hysteresis graphs (B-H) followed by radio frequency identifier setup. Fe2O3 particles of sizes 800, 200 and 100 nm and E-glass fibre woven mat of 600 g/m2 were used to make composites. Particle sizes of 800 nm and 200 nm were prepared by high-energy ball milling, whereas particles of 100 nm were prepared by sol-gel method. To enhance better dispersion of particles within the epoxy matrix, a surface modification process was carried out on fillers by an amino functional coupling agent called 3-Aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS). Crystalline and functional groups of siliconized Fe2O3 particles were characterized by XRD and FTIR spectroscopy analysis. Variable quantity of E-glass fibre (25, 35, and 45 vol%) was laid down along with 0.5 and 1.0 vol% of 800, 200, and 100 nm size Fe2O3 particles into the matrix, to fabricate the hybrid composites. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images reveal the shape and size of Fe2O3 particles for different milling times and particle dispersion in the epoxy matrix. The maximum improved sensing distance of 45.2, 39.4 and 43.5 % was observed for low-, high-, and ultra-high radio frequency identifier setup along with shielding composite consist of epoxy, 1 vol% 200 nm Fe2O3 particles and 45 vol% of E-glass fibre.

  1. Integrating field, textural, and geochemical monitoring to track eruption triggers and dynamics: a case study from Piton de la Fournaise

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gurioli, Lucia; Di Muro, Andrea; Vlastélic, Ivan; Moune, Séverine; Thivet, Simon; Valer, Marina; Villeneuve, Nicolas; Boudoire, Guillaume; Peltier, Aline; Bachèlery, Patrick; Ferrazzini, Valérie; Métrich, Nicole; Benbakkar, Mhammed; Cluzel, Nicolas; Constantin, Christophe; Devidal, Jean-Luc; Fonquernie, Claire; Hénot, Jean-Marc

    2018-04-01

    The 2014 eruption at Piton de la Fournaise (PdF), La Réunion, which occurred after 41 months of quiescence, began with surprisingly little precursory activity and was one of the smallest so far observed at PdF in terms of duration (less than 2 days) and volume (less than 0.4 × 106 m3). The pyroclastic material was composed of golden basaltic pumice along with fluidal, spiny iridescent and spiny opaque basaltic scoria. Density analyses performed on 200 lapilli reveal that while the spiny opaque clasts are the densest (1600 kg m-3) and most crystalline (55 vol. %), the golden pumices are the least dense (400 kg m-3) and crystalline (8 vol. %). The connectivity data indicate that the fluidal and golden (Hawaiian-like) clasts have more isolated vesicles (up to 40 vol. %) than the spiny (Strombolian-like) clasts (0-5 vol. %). These textural variations are linked to primary pre-eruptive magma storage conditions. The golden and fluidal fragments track the hotter portion of the melt, in contrast to the spiny fragments and lava that mirror the cooler portion of the shallow reservoir. Exponential decay of the magma ascent and output rates through time revealed depressurization of the source during which a stratified storage system was progressively tapped. Increasing syn-eruptive degassing and melt-gas decoupling led to a decrease in the explosive intensity from early fountaining to Strombolian activity. The geochemical results confirm the absence of new input of hot magma into the 2014 reservoir and confirm the emission of a single shallow, differentiated magma source, possibly related to residual magma from the November 2009 eruption. Fast volatile exsolution and crystal-melt separation (second boiling) were triggered by deep pre-eruptive magma transfer and stress field change. Our study highlights the possibility that shallow magma pockets can be quickly reactivated by deep processes without mass or energy (heat) transfer and produce hazardous eruptions with only short-term elusive precursors.

  2. Experimental Investigation of Spark-Ignited Combustion with High-Octane Biofuels and EGR. 1. Engine Load Range and Downsize Downspeed Opportunity

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Splitter, Derek A; Szybist, James P

    2013-01-01

    The present study experimentally investigates spark-ignited combustion with 87 AKI E0 gasoline in its neat form and in midlevel alcohol gasoline blends with 24% vol/vol isobutanol gasoline (IB24) and 30% vol/vol ethanol gasoline (E30). A single-cylinder research engine was used with an 11.85:1 compression ratio, hydraulically actuated valves, laboratory intake air, and was capable of external exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). Experiments were conducted with all fuels to full-load conditions with = 1, using both 0% and 15% external cooled EGR. Higher octane number biofuel blends exhibited increased stoichiometric torque capability at this compression ratio, where the unique properties of ethanolmore » enabled a doubling of the stoichiometric torque capability with E30 as compared to 87 AKI, up to 20 bar IMEPg (indicated mean effective pressure gross) at = 1. EGR provided thermodynamic advantages and was a key enabler for increasing engine efficiency for all fuel types. However, with E30, EGR was less useful for knock mitigation than gasoline or IB24. Torque densities with E30 with 15% EGR at = 1 operation were similar or better than a modern EURO IV calibration turbo-diesel engine. The results of the present study suggest that it could be possible to implement a 40% downsize + downspeed configuration (1.2 L engine) into a representative midsize sedan. For example, for a midsize sedan at a 65 miles/h cruise, an estimated fuel consumption of 43.9 miles per gallon (MPG) (engine out 102 g-CO2/km) could be achieved with similar reserve power to a 2.0 L engine with 87AKI (38.6 MPG, engine out 135 g-CO2/km). Data suggest that, with midlevel alcohol gasoline blends, engine and vehicle optimization can offset the reduced fuel energy content of alcohol gasoline blends and likely reduce vehicle fuel consumption and tailpipe CO2 emissions.« less

  3. Application of Knowledge-Based Techniques to Tracking Function

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2006-09-01

    38394041 42434445 46474849 505152 53545556 57585960 616263 646566 676869 707172 737475 7677 7879 8081 8283 8485 8687 8889 9091 9293 9495 969798 99100...Knowledge-based applications to adaptive space-time processing. Volume I: Summary”, AFRL-SN-TR-2001-146 Vol. I (of Vol. VI ), Final Technical Report, July...2001-146 Vol. IV (of Vol. VI ), Final Technical Report, July 2001. [53] C. Morgan, L. Moyer, “Knowledge-based applications to adaptive space-time

  4. Human health exposure assessment for Rocky Mountain Arsenal study area evaluations. Volume 6-E. Central study area exposure assessment. Version 4. 1(volume 6-E). Final report

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Not Available

    The objectives of the Human Health Exposure Assessment include: (1) estimate the type and magnitude of exposures to contaminants; (2) Identify contaminants of concern; (3) Identify sites for remedial action; (4) Recommend sites for the no action remedial alternative; and (5) Provide a basis for detailed characterization of the risk associated with all sites. This document consists of the following: An executive summary. Vol I - Land use and exposed population evaluations. Vol. II III - Toxicity assessment (includes army and shell toxicity profiles). Vol. IV - PPLV Methodology. Vol. V - PPLV Calculations. Vol. VI - Study area exposuremore » analysis A introduction, B Western study ares, C Southern study area, D northern Central study area, E Central study area, F Eastern study area, G South plants study area, and H North plants study area. Vol. VII - Summary exposure assessment.« less

  5. Study area evaluations. Volume 6-H. North plants study area exposure assessment version 4. 1. Final report

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Not Available

    The objectives of the Human Health Exposure Assessment include: (1) estimate the type and magnitude of exposures to contaminants; (2) Identify contaminants of concern; (3) Identify sites for remedial action; (4) Recommend sites for the no action remedial alternative; and (5) Provide a basis for detailed characterization of the risk associated with all sites. This document consists of the following: An executive summary. Vol I - Land use and exposed population evaluations. Vol. II III - Toxicity assessment (includes army and shell toxicity profiles). Vol. IV - PPLV Methodology. Vol. V - PPLV Calculations. Vol. VI - Study area exposuremore » analysis A introduction, B Western study ares, C Southern study area, D northern Central study area, E Central study area, F Eastern study area, G South plants study area, and H North plants study area. Vol. VII - Summary exposure assessment.« less

  6. Human health exposure assessment for Rocky Mountain Arsenal. Volume 7. Summary exposure assessment version 4. 1. Final report

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Not Available

    The objectives of the Human Health Exposure Assessment include: (1) estimate the type and magnitude of exposures to contaminants; (2) Identify contaminants of concern; (3) Identify sites for remedial action; (4) Recommend sites for the no action remedial alternative; and (5) Provide a basis for detailed characterization of the risk associated with all sites. This document consists of the following: An executive summary. Vol I - Land use and exposed population evaluations. Vol. II III - Toxicity assessment (includes army and shell toxicity profiles). Vol. IV - PPLV Methodology. Vol. V - PPLV Calculations. Vol. VI - Study area exposuremore » analysis A introduction, B Western study ares, C Southern study area, D northern Central study area, E Central study area, F Eastern study area, G South plants study area, and H North plants study area. Vol. VII - Summary exposure assessment.« less

  7. Human health exposure assessment for Rocky Mountain Arsenal study area evaluations. Volume 6-F. Eastern study area exposure assessment. Version 4. 1(volume 6-F). Final report

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Not Available

    The objectives of the Human Health Exposure Assessment include: (1) estimate the type and magnitude of exposures to contaminants; (2) Identify contaminants of concern; (3) Identify sites for remedial action; (4) Recommend sites for the no action remedial alternative; and (5) Provide a basis for detailed characterization of the risk associated with all sites. This document consists of the following: An executive summary. Vol I - Land use and exposed population evaluations. Vol. II III - Toxicity assessment (includes army and shell toxicity profiles). Vol. IV - PPLV Methodology. Vol. V - PPLV Calculations. Vol. VI - Study area exposuremore » analysis A introduction, B Western study ares, C Southern study area, D northern Central study area, E Central study area, F Eastern study area, G South plants study area, and H North plants study area. Vol. VII - Summary exposure assessment.« less

  8. Human health exposure assessment for Rocky Mountain Arsenal. Volume 8. Response to comments on the draft exposure assessment version 4. 1. Final report

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Not Available

    The objectives of the Human Health Exposure Assessment include: (1) estimate the type and magnitude of exposures to contaminants; (2) Identify contaminants of concern; (3) Identify sites for remedial action; (4) Recommend sites for the no action remedial alternative; and (5) Provide a basis for detailed characterization of the risk associated with all sites. This document consists of the following: An executive summary. Vol I - Land use and exposed population evaluations. Vol. II III - Toxicity assessment (includes army and shell toxicity profiles). Vol. IV - PPLV Methodology. Vol. V - PPLV Calculations. Vol. VI - Study area exposuremore » analysis A introduction, B Western study ares, C Southern study area, D northern Central study area, E Central study area, F Eastern study area, G South plants study area, and H North plants study area. Vol. VII - Summary exposure assessment.« less

  9. Human health exposure assessment for Rocky Mountain Arsenal. Volume 2-A. Toxicity assessment. Version 4. 1. Final report

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Not Available

    The objectives of the Human Health Exposure Assessment include: (1) estimate the type and magnitude of exposures to contaminants; (2) Identify contaminants of concern; (3) Identify sites for remedial action; (4) Recommend sites for the no action remedial alternative; and (5) Provide a basis for detailed characterization of the risk associated with all sites. This document consists of the following: An executive summary. Vol I - Land use and exposed population evaluations. Vol. II III - Toxicity assessment (includes army and shell toxicity profiles). Vol. IV - PPLV Methodology. Vol. V - PPLV Calculations. Vol. VI - Study area exposuremore » analysis a introduction, B Western study ares, C Southern study area, D northern Central study area, E Central study area, F Eastern study area, G South plants study area, and H North plants study area. Vol. VII - Summary exposure assessment.« less

  10. Human health exposure assessment for Rocky Mountain Arsenal. Volume 3. Toxicity assessment version 4. 1. Final report

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Not Available

    The objectives of the Human Health Exposure Assessment include: (1) estimate the type and magnitude of exposures to contaminants; (2) Identify contaminants of concern; (3) Identify sites for remedial action; (4) Recommend sites for the no action remedial alternative; and (5) Provide a basis for detailed characterization of the risk associated with all sites. This document consists of the following: An executive summary. Vol I - Land use and exposed population evaluations. Vol. II III - Toxicity assessment (includes army and shell toxicity profiles). Vol. IV - PPLV Methodology. Vol. V - PPLV Calculations. Vol. VI - Study area exposuremore » analysis A introduction, B Western study ares, C Southern study area, D northern Central study area, E Central study area, F Eastern study area, G South plants study area, and H North plants study area. Vol. VII - Summary exposure assessment.« less

  11. Human health exposure assessment for Rocky Mountain Arsenal. Volume 1. Land use and exposed population evaluations version 4. 1. Final report

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Not Available

    The objectives of the Human Health Exposure Assessment include: (1) estimate the type and magnitude of exposures to contaminants; (2) Identify contaminants of concern; (3) Identify sites for remedial action; (4) Recommend sites for the no action remedial alternative; and (5) Provide a basis for detailed characterization of the risk associated with all sites. This document consists of the following: An executive summary. Vol I - Land use and exposed population evaluations. Vol. II III - Toxicity assessment (includes army and shell toxicity profiles). Vol. IV - PPLV Methodology. Vol. V - PPLV Calculations. Vol. VI - Study area exposuremore » analysis A introduction, B Western study ares, C Southern study area, D northern Central study area, E Central study area, F Eastern study area, G South plants study area, and H North plants study area. Vol. VII - Summary exposure assessment.« less

  12. Human health exposure assessment for Rocky Mountain Arsenal study area evaluations. Volume 6-C. Southern study area exposure assessment version 4. 1. Final report

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Not Available

    The objectives of the Human Health Exposure Assessment include: (1) estimate the type and magnitude of exposures to contaminants; (2) Identify contaminants of concern; (3) Identify sites for remedial action; (4) Recommend sites for the no action remedial alternative; and (5) Provide a basis for detailed characterization of the risk associated with all sites. This document consists of the following: An executive summary. Vol I - Land use and exposed population evaluations. Vol. II III - Toxicity assessment (includes army and shell toxicity profiles). Vol. IV - PPLV Methodology. Vol. V - PPLV Calculations. Vol. VI - Study area exposuremore » analysis A introduction, B Western study ares, C Southern study area, D northern Central study area, E Central study area, F Eastern study area, G South plants study area, and H North plants study area. Vol. VII - Summary exposure assessment.« less

  13. IUTAM Symposium on Statistical Energy Analysis, 8-11 July 1997, Programme

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1997-01-01

    distribution is unlimited 12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE 13. ABSTRACT (Maximum200 words) This was the first international scientific gathering devoted...energy flow, continuum dynamics, vibrational energy, statistical energy analysis (SEA) 15. NUMBER OF PAGES 16. PRICE CODE INSECURITY... correlation v=V(ɘ ’• • determination of the correlation n^, =11^, (<?). When harmonic motion and time-average are considered, the following I

  14. Dynamical Segmentation of the Left Ventricle in Echocardiographic Image Sequences

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2001-10-25

    LV in echocardiographic images using 3D deformable models and superquadrics” EMBS-2000. Vol. 3, 2000, pp. 1724 -1727 [7] Malladi R , Sethian J, Vemuri...very noisy images. An original external energy P is determined automatically and stabilizes the snake on the boundary: ( ) . , ,P r k x y z...1) where r is a constant fixed by the operator and ( ), ,k x y z depends on the image gradient : ( ) 1, , 1 _ k x y z Grad Mod

  15. Solving Variational Problems and Partial Differential Equations Mapping into General Target Manifolds

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2002-01-01

    1998. [36] T. Sakai, Riemannian Geometry, AMS Translations of Mathematical Monographs, vol 149. [37] N. Sochen, R . Kimmel, and R , Malladi , “A general...matical Physics 107, pp. 649-705, 1986. [5] V. Caselles, R . Kimmel, G. Sapiro, and C. Sbert, “Minimal surfaces based object segmentation,” IEEE- PAMI...June 2000 [9] R . Cohen, R . M. Hardt, D. Kinderlehrer, S. Y. Lin, and M. Luskin, “Minimum energy configurations for liquid crystals: Computational

  16. Small Business and Strategic Sourcing: Lessons from Past Research and Current Data

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2014-01-01

    from www.rand.org as a public service of the RAND Corporation. CHILDREN AND FAMILIES EDUCATION AND THE ARTS ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT HEALTH AND HEALTH...Susan M., and Kristin J. Leuschner, eds., In the Name of Entrepreneurship ? The Logic and Effects of Special Regulatory Treatment for Small Business...Well They Perform, and How We Can Learn More About Them,” International Review of Entrepreneurship , Vol. 8, No. 3, 2010, pp. 1–32. Hanks, Christopher

  17. Experiments on the Dynamics and Hydrodynamic Instabilities of Ablatively Accelerated Targets.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1983-02-01

    pressure and velocities obtained using the double foil tech - diance nonuniformities has been investigated previously and 430 Appi P"v$ Lett.. Vol 41. No, 5...NRL is evaluating for the Department of Energy the feasibility of using direct laser drive to Implode fusion pellets.t Mission Research Corporation...MRC) has contracted to support this experiment by using its best effort to perform the tasks summarized below: A parametric study shall be performed

  18. Focused Ion Beam Fabrication of Microelectronic Structures

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1990-12-01

    a simple function generator and allows fast ing, the pressure measured by the capacitance manometer is equal to the pressure at the sample surface...height above the sample ties. In practice this restricts features to simple rectangles or surface. J. Vac. . Tedhnol. B, VOL 7, No. 4, Jul/Aug IM...the sample up to 300 keV are available.(2) -3- This higher energy is often needed for implantation and for lithography in thick resist. Be++ ions at

  19. Optimal Topology Control and Power Allocation for Minimum Energy Consumption in Consensus Networks

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2011-12-16

    network topologies, such as small world graphs, can greatly increase the convergence rate. In [9], the authors show that nonbipartite Ramanujan graphs...unclassified c . THIS PAGE unclassified Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98) Prescribed by ANSI Std Z39-18 23384 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOL. 60...of iterations necessary to achieve consensus. From this perspec- tive, enforcing a small world, scale-free, or Ramanujan graph topology may not be the

  20. Particle acceleration in explosive relativistic reconnection events and Crab Nebula gamma-ray flares

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lyutikov, Maxim; Komissarov, Serguei; Sironi, Lorenzo

    2018-04-01

    We develop a model of gamma-ray flares of the Crab Nebula resulting from the magnetic reconnection events in a highly magnetised relativistic plasma. We first discuss physical parameters of the Crab Nebula and review the theory of pulsar winds and termination shocks. We also review the principle points of particle acceleration in explosive reconnection events [Lyutikov et al., J. Plasma Phys., vol. 83(6), p. 635830601 (2017a); J. Plasma Phys., vol. 83(6), p. 635830602 (2017b)]. It is required that particles producing flares are accelerated in highly magnetised regions of the nebula. Flares originate from the poleward regions at the base of the Crab's polar outflow, where both the magnetisation and the magnetic field strength are sufficiently high. The post-termination shock flow develops macroscopic (not related to the plasma properties on the skin-depth scale) kink-type instabilities. The resulting large-scale magnetic stresses drive explosive reconnection events on the light-crossing time of the reconnection region. Flares are produced at the initial stage of the current sheet development, during the X-point collapse. The model has all the ingredients needed for Crab flares: natural formation of highly magnetised regions, explosive dynamics on the light travel time, development of high electric fields on macroscopic scales and acceleration of particles to energies well exceeding the average magnetic energy per particle.

  1. Biceps brachii muscle oxygenation in electrical muscle stimulation.

    PubMed

    Muthalib, Makii; Jubeau, Marc; Millet, Guillaume Y; Maffiuletti, Nicola A; Ferrari, Marco; Nosaka, Kazunori

    2010-09-01

    The purpose of this study was to compare between electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) and maximal voluntary (VOL) isometric contractions of the elbow flexors for changes in biceps brachii muscle oxygenation (tissue oxygenation index, TOI) and haemodynamics (total haemoglobin volume, tHb = oxygenated-Hb + deoxygenated-Hb) determined by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). The biceps brachii muscle of 10 healthy men (23-39 years) was electrically stimulated at high frequency (75 Hz) via surface electrodes to evoke 50 intermittent (4-s contraction, 15-s relaxation) isometric contractions at maximum tolerated current level (EMS session). The contralateral arm performed 50 intermittent (4-s contraction, 15-s relaxation) maximal voluntary isometric contractions (VOL session) in a counterbalanced order separated by 2-3 weeks. Results indicated that although the torque produced during EMS was approximately 50% of VOL (P<0.05), there was no significant difference in the changes in TOI amplitude or TOI slope between EMS and VOL over the 50 contractions. However, the TOI amplitude divided by peak torque was approximately 50% lower for EMS than VOL (P<0.05), which indicates EMS was less efficient than VOL. This seems likely because of the difference in the muscles involved in the force production between conditions. Mean decrease in tHb amplitude during the contraction phases was significantly (P<0.05) greater for EMS than VOL from the 10th contraction onwards, suggesting that the muscle blood volume was lower in EMS than VOL. It is concluded that local oxygen demand of the biceps brachii sampled by NIRS is similar between VOL and EMS.

  2. Effects of Perchlorate on Organic Molecules under Simulated Mars Conditions

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Carrier, B. L.; Kounaves, S. P.

    2014-12-01

    Perchlorate (ClO4-) was discovered in the northern polar region of Mars by the Mars Phoenix Lander in 2008 and has also been recently detected by the Curiosity Rover in Gale Crater [1,2]. Perchlorate has also been shown to be formed under current Mars conditions via the oxidation of mineral chlorides, further supporting the theory that perchlorate is present globally on Mars [3]. The discovery of perchlorate on Mars has raised important questions about the effects of perchlorate on the survival and detection of organic molecules. Although it has been shown that pyrolysis in the presence of perchlorate results in the alteration or destruction of organic molecules [4], few studies have been conducted on the potential effects of perchlorate on organic molecules under martian surface conditions. Although perchlorate is typically inert under Mars-typical temperatures [5], perchlorate does absorb high energy UV radiation, and has been shown to decompose to form reactive oxychlorine species such as chlorite (ClO2-) when exposed to martian conditions including UV or ionizing radiation [6,7]. Here we investigate the effects of perchlorate on the organic molecules tryptophan, benzoic acid and mellitic acid in order to determine how perchlorate may alter these compounds under Mars conditions. Experiments are performed in a Mars Simulation Chamber (MSC) capable of reproducing the temperature, pressure, atmospheric composition and UV flux found on Mars. Soil simulants are prepared consisting of SiO2 and each organic, as well as varying concentrations of perchlorate salts, and exposed in the MSC. Subsequent to exposure in the MSC samples are leached and the leachate analyzed by HPLC and LC-MS to determine the degree of degradation of the original organic and the identity of any potential decomposition products formed by oxidation or chlorination. References: [1] Kounaves et al., J. Geophys. Res. Planets, Vol. 115, p. E00E10, 2010 [2] Glavin et al., J. Geophys. Res. Planets, Vol. 118, p. 1955, 2013 [3] Carrier & Kounaves (2014), Abstract #2570, 45th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, [4] Kerr, Science, Vol. 340, p. 138, 2013 [5] Catling et al., J. Geophys. Res., Vol. 115, p. E00E11, 2010 [6] Martucci (2012), National Conference of Undergraduate Research [7] Quinn et al, Astrobiology, Vol. 13(6) p. 515-20, 2013

  3. Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Pulsed Electric Current Sintered (PECS) Cu-Diamond Compacts

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ritasalo, Riina; Kanerva, Ulla; Ge, Yanling; Hannula, Simo-Pekka

    2014-04-01

    In this work, dispersion strengthening of copper by diamonds is explored. In particular, the influence of 50- and 250-nm diamonds at contents of 3 and 6 vol. pct on the mechanical and thermal properties of pulsed electric current sintered (PECS) Cu composites is studied. The composite powders were prepared by mechanical alloying in argon atmosphere using a high-energy vibratory ball mill. The PECS compacts prepared had high density (>97 pct of T.D.) with quite evenly distributed diamonds. The effectiveness of dispersoids in increasing the microhardness was more pronounced at a smaller particle size and larger volume fraction, explained by Hall-Petch and Orowan strengthening models. The microhardness of Cu with 6 and 3 vol. pct nanodiamonds and pure sm-Cu (submicron-sized Cu) was 1.77, 1.46, and 1.02 GPa, respectively. In annealing experiments at 623 K to 873 K (350 °C to 600 °C), the composites with 6 vol. pct dispersoids retained their hardness better than those with less dispersoids or sm-Cu. The coefficient of thermal expansion was lowered when diamonds were added, being the lowest at about 14 × 10-6 K-1 between 473 K and 573 K (200 °C and 300 °C). Good bonding between the copper and diamond was qualitatively demonstrated by nanoindentation. In conclusion, high-quality Cu-diamond composites can be produced by PECS with improved strength and better thermal stability than for sm-Cu.

  4. Challenges and Strength of Current Industrial Energy Efficiency Management Practices in Steam Industries

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Nkosi, S. B.; Pretorius, J. H. C.

    2017-07-01

    The aim of this study is to achieve greater output by examining the existing way of coordinating the determined attempts of Steam Industries in South Africa to successfully reach a sustainable industrial development by using energy source adequately in a more competent way. Furthermore into the study we look at obstacles that prevent and those that leads to maximum utilization of energy management measures and also highlights the effects of implementing cheap available energy source in South Africa. The investigation and analysis have shown that energy is not well managed in Steam Industries and that the use of energy is minimized and not fully utilized due to poor management and lack of knowledge. Another detection was that lack of government structured and strategic measures of implementing and motivating the use of energy effectively. The effective and rational use of available power by Steam Industries in South Africa is a key player in developing a sustainable industrial development. The use of energy efficiency management strategies has contributed an increase in economic and improve environmentally friendly in the industrial sector. The slow pace adoption of energy saving and cost effective management programmes are negatively impacting on the benefits to Steam Industries in South Africa. In conclusion the study finds that the economy can be boosted by implementing energy efficiency management programmes and environmentally friendly. These will also stabilize the negative impact of energy raising prices.

  5. Solar Power from Space - Validation of Options for Europe

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Summerer, L.; Ongaro, F.

    2004-12-01

    Solar power plants are among promising long-term energy options of the 21st century, covering humanities ever increasing energy need in a sustainable way free of greenhouse gas emission. Terrestrial solar power is one of the fastest growing energy sectors with high growth rates sustained over more than a decade and very promising forecasts. Since 30 years the idea of a large solar power plant in Earth orbit, transmitting energy to Earth-bound receiver sites enjoys periodic attention from energy and space entities. All studies concluded the principal technical feasibility of the concepts and gradually improved their power to mass ratio. No substantial development efforts were undertaken however since with current technology space generated electricity costs would still be too high, upfront costs prohibitive and the launcher sector not mature enough to reduce e/kg to orbit costs by the required order of magnitude. In the past space concepts were mainly compared to traditional energy systems. Based on this background, the Advanced Concepts Team (ACT) at the European Space Agency started a three-phased programme in 2003. The first phase of the programme, the Validation Phase, focussed on a comparison of space solar power plant with comparable terrestrial solutions on the one hand and the assessment of the potential of SPS for space exploration and space application on the other. The focus was mainly on Europe and should give an independent technical answer to the seemingly primitive question: "Why put power plants into space when there is so much sun in southern Europe and especially in the close-by North-African Sahara desert?". Space concepts were compared to terrestrial solutions based on equally advanced technology and equal economic conditions for the timeframe 2020/30 in terms of energy payback times, final e/kWh generation costs, adaptability to different energy scenarios, reliability and risk. Key words: ESA SPS Programme Plan; Strategy.

  6. VizieR Online Data Catalog: Carlsberg Meridian Catalog, Vol. 7 (CMC7, 1993)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Copenhagen University Observatory; Royal Greenwich Observatory

    1995-11-01

    The Carlsberg Meridian Catalogues give accurate positions, proper motions and magnitudes of stars north of declination -45deg and down to 15th magnitude. They also contain observations of the solar system objects: Mars, Callisto, Saturn, Titan, Iapetus, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto, and many minor planets. Typical mean errors for an entry are 0.1arcsec in position, 3mas/yr in proper motion, and 0.05mag in magnitude. The stars observed belong to a large number of observing programmes typically dealing with the reference frame or with galactic kinematics. The Carlsberg Automatic Meridian Circle on La Palma is operated by Copenhagen University Observatory, Royal Greenwich Observatory, and Real Instituto y Observatorio de la Armada at the Observatory del Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias. For a detailed introduction, please refer to the printed catalogue. A description of the programme may also be found in the 1993 paper by Fabricius (=1993BICDS..42....5F), from which the present description is derived. Originally the CMC7 was planned to contain only observations from 1991. The actual CMC7 comprises nearly 20 month (January 1991 to August 1992) and is thus more extensive than foreseen when a description was published in Bull. CDS (=1993BICDS..42....5F) Published by Copenhagen University Observatory, Royal Greenwich Observatory and Real Instituto y Observatorio de la Armada en San Fernando. 1993. (5 data files).

  7. Greening the Grid: Pathways to Integrate 175 Gigawatts of Renewable Energy into India's Electric Grid, Vol. 1 -- National Study, Executive Summary

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Cochran, Jaquelin

    The use of renewable energy (RE) sources, primarily wind and solar generation, is poised to grow significantly within the Indian power system. The Government of India has established a target of 175 gigawatts (GW) of installed RE capacity by 2022, including 60 GW of wind and 100 GW of solar, up from 29 GW wind and 9 GW solar at the beginning of 2017. Thanks to advanced weather and power system modeling made for this project, the study team is able to explore operational impacts of meeting India's RE targets and identify actions that may be favorable for integration.

  8. Gradient Index (GRIN) Lens Multimode Fiber Probe for Laser Induced Breakdown in the Eye

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1994-01-23

    34 Applied Optics, VoL 22, No. 3, p. 383, 1983 SPIE Vol. 2126 Ophthalmic Technologies IV (1994) /303 3. M. M. Pankratov , 0. Pomerantzeff, K. P...R. D. Jones, ’Laser-Produced Plasmas in Medicine," IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, Vol. 19, p. 1209, 1991 6. T. I. Margolis, D. A. Farnath, M...Ophthalmology, Vol. 109, p.1605, 1991 8. P. Rol, P. Niederer, F. Fankhauser, M. Arigoni, E. De HaIler, ’p-Switched pulses and optical breakdown

  9. Five Year Plan for Fiscal Years 1992-1996

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1991-10-01

    for the detection of line sig- nals in visual noise. JQ 1 ...o. Am. Vol 4, No. 12, pgs. 2342-2354. 4) Kersten , D. (1987) Statistical efficiency for...the detection of visual noise. Vision Res. Vol 27, No. 6 pgs. 1029-1040. 5) Legge, G. E., Kersten , D., Burgess, A. E. (1987) Contrast discrimination in...noise. J. Opt. Soc. Am. Vol 4, No. 2, pgs 391-404. 6) Kersten , D. (1984) Spatial summation in visual noise. Vision Res. Vol 24, No. 12, pgs. 1977

  10. South African CSP projects under the REIPPP programme - Requirements, challenges and opportunities

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Relancio, Javier; Cuellar, Alberto; Walker, Gregg; Ettmayr, Chris

    2016-05-01

    Thus far seven Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) projects have been awarded under the Renewable Energy Independent Power Producer Procurement Programme (REIPPPP), totalling 600MW: one project is in operation, four under construction and two on their way to financial close. This provides an excellent opportunity for analysis of key features of the projects that have contributed to or detracted from the programme's success. The paper draws from Mott MacDonald's involvement as Technical Advisor on the seven CSP projects that have been successful under the REIPPPP to date as well as other global CSP developments. It presents how various programme requirements have affected the implementation of projects, such as the technical requirements, time of day tariff structure, economic development requirements and the renewable energy grid code. The increasingly competitive tariffs offered have encouraged developers to investigate efficiency maximising project configurations and cost saving mechanisms, as well as featuring state of the art technology in their proposals. The paper assesses the role of the project participants (developers, lenders and government) with regards to these innovative technologies and solutions. In our paper we discuss the status of projects and the SA market, analysing the main challenges and opportunities that in turn have influenced various aspects such as technology choice, operational regimes and supply chain arrangements.

  11. Alcoholic beverage strength discrimination by taste may have an upper threshold.

    PubMed

    Lachenmeier, Dirk W; Kanteres, Fotis; Rehm, Jürgen

    2014-09-01

    Given the association between alcohol consumption and negative health consequences, there is a need for individuals to be aware of their consumption of ethanol, which requires knowledge of serving sizes and alcoholic strength. This study is one of the first to systematically investigate the ability to discriminate alcoholic strength by taste. Nine discrimination tests (total n = 413) according to International Standardization Organization (ISO) 4120 sensory analysis methodology "triangle test" were performed. A perceptible difference was found for vodka in orange juice (0.0 vs. 0.5% vol; 0 vs. 1% vol), pilsner and wheat beer (0.5 vs. 5% vol), and vodka in orange juice (5 vs. 10% vol, 20 vs. 30% vol, and 30 vs. 40% vol). The percentage of the population perceiving a difference between the beverages varied between 36 and 73%. Alcoholic strength (higher vs. lower) was correctly assigned in only 4 of the 7 trials at a significant level, with 30 to 66% of the trial groups assigning the correct strength. For the trials that included beverages above 40% vol (vodka unmixed, 40 vs. 50% vol and vodka in orange juice, 40 vs. 50% vol), testers could neither perceive a difference between the samples nor assign correct alcoholic strength. Discrimination of alcoholic strength by taste was possible to a limited degree in a window of intermediate alcoholic strengths, but not at higher concentrations. This result is especially relevant for drinkers of unlabeled, over-proof unrecorded alcoholic beverages who would potentially ingest more alcohol than if they were to ingest commercial alcohol. Our study provides strong evidence for the strict implementation and enforcement of labeling requirements for all alcoholic beverages to allow informed decision making by consumers. Copyright © 2014 by the Research Society on Alcoholism.

  12. Modernised Portuguese schools - From IAQ and thermal comfort towards energy efficiency plans

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Pereira, Luisa Maria Dias

    A major rehabilitation and refurbishment programme of secondary school buildings has been carried out in the last few years in Portugal, led by the state-owned company Parque Escolar E.P.E. (PE), known as Secondary School Buildings Modernisation Programme. This programme took into consideration renewable energy systems, mostly solar panels for domestic hot water (DHW) production. Nevertheless, with the introduction of HVAC systems in buildings that were previously naturally ventilated, an increase on energy consumption has been verified. During the first occupancy phase of new and refurbished buildings, energy and indoor climate quality (ICQ) audits are important strategies to improve the buildings’ energy use. In new buildings, the most common errors are due to poor operation and management. Schools energy management programmes often result in a list of energy efficiency measures that do not necessarily reflect occupants’ conditions or satisfaction. They are more directed to management control and comparison with benchmarks of energy use/m2 or cost/student to assess energy efficiency. In all cases, monitoring and consumption patterns are mandatory. In this context, this thesis aims at developing energy efficiency plans (EEP) for modernised Portuguese school buildings. The framework of the thesis starts with the development of an international overview of the recent research and development in the field of energy consumption in schools [searching for statistical benchmarks that could contribute to an accurate school building indicator (SBI)]. Then, based on a database provided by Parque Escolar, an energy consumption assessment of Portuguese school buildings is presented, between the pre and post intervention phases. Drawing on this procedure, eight representative modernised secondary schools were selected, geographically and climatically distributed. After, an energy audit and indoor environment quality (IEQ) monitoring is performed in this schools selection. The continuous monitoring period varied between schools, from a minimum of 48h monitoring up to three weeks, during the mid-season [spring - autumn period (excluding summer vacation) in 2013]. Air exchange rates (AER), more specifically infiltration rates, are quantified aiming at determining the current airtightness condition of the refurbished schools. A subjective IEQ assessment is also performed, focusing on occupants’ feedback, providing insight on the potential linkages between energy use and occupants’ satisfaction and comfort. The thesis builds on the current EEP panorama and practice, which is based only on cost/energy control, extending it to address the equilibrium between IEQ evaluation and occupants’ perceived conditions/preferences. This approach is applied in two schools - selected based on the previous study on energy and IEQ conditions of the eight schools. The EEP methodology starts by deepening the knowledge of each school, mostly focusing on crossing the schools occupancy schedule with systems operation [(mainly those controlled by the building management system (BMS)]. An analysis on recently updated legislation is also performed (in particular fresh air flow rates requirements). It is shown that some potential energy savings can be achieved and that IEQ conditions can be improved at very low or even negligible costs. Other considerations, namely addressing the thermal energy production systems of the schools (e.g., boilers scheduling), the lighting systems (e.g., lighting circuits) and non-controlled plug loads, are also mentioned. Based upon all these findings, a handbook of good practice is drafted for secondary school buildings in Portugal. This EEP is accompanied by a list of Energy Efficiency Measures (EEM). It is proposed that this document is headed by a School - Energy Performance Certificate (S-EPC) based on the billed energy consumption. This document suggests the establishment of the figure of the Energy Manager.

  13. Effects of Ti and TiB2 Nanoparticulates on Room Temperature Mechanical Properties and In Vitro Degradation of Pure Mg

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Meenashisundaram, Ganesh Kumar; Nai, Mui Hoon; Gupta, Manoj

    Mg 1 vol.% Ti and Mg 1 vol.% TiB2 composites containing Ti (30-50 nm) and TiB2 ( 60 nm) nanoparticulates were successfully synthesized using disintegrated melt deposition technique followed by hot extrusion. In vitro degradation of synthesized pure magnesium and composites were assessed by immersion testing in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM) + 10% Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) solution for a maximum duration of 28 days. Determination of corrosion rates by weight loss technique reveals that after 28 days of immersion testing, Mg 1 vol.% Ti exhibited the best corrosion resistance followed by pure magnesium and finally by Mg 1 vol.% TiB2 composite. The room temperature mechanical properties of the synthesized composites were found to surpass those of pure magnesium. On tensile and compressive loading, substantial strengthening of pure magnesium was observed with 1 vol.% Ti addition whereas appreciable increase in tensile and compressive fracture strains of pure magnesium was observed with 1 vol.% TiB2 addition.

  14. A survey of energy drinks consumption practices among student -athletes in Ghana: lessons for developing health education intervention programmes

    PubMed Central

    2012-01-01

    Background Globally, young adults and college athletes are primary targets of the marketing campaigns of energy drink companies. Consequently, it is reported that young adults and college athletes consume energy drinks frequently. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of energy drink consumption among student-athletes selected from seven public universities in Ghana. The study assessed the energy drink consumption patterns, types usually consumed, frequency of consumption and reasons why athletes consumed energy drinks. Methods A total number of 180 student-athletes gave their consent to participate in the study and completed a questionnaire which was administered during an inter-university sports competition. Results Most of the participants (62.2%) reported consuming at least one can of energy drink in a week. A high proportion (53.6%) of the respondents who drink energy drinks indicated that they did so to replenish lost energy after training or a competition. Other reasons given as to why energy drinks were consumed by the study participants included to provide energy and fluids to the body (25.9%), to improve performance (9.8%) and to reduce fatigue (5.4%). Conclusion These results suggest the need to plan health education programmes to particularly correct some wrong perceptions that athletes have regarding the benefits of energy drinks and also create awareness among student-athletes about the side effects of excessive intake of energy drinks. PMID:22444601

  15. Developmental programming of energy balance regulation: Is physical activity more "programmable" than food intake

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    Extensive human and animal model data show that environmental influences during critical periods of prenatal and early postnatal development can cause persistent alterations in energy balance regulation. Although a potentially important factor in the worldwide obesity epidemic, the fundamental mecha...

  16. In-vivo Diagnosis of Breast Cancer Using Gamma Stimulated Emission Computed Tomography

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2011-04-01

    2006. [9] Floyd CE, Howell CR, Harrawood BP, Crowell AS, Kapadia AJ, Macri R, Xia JQ, Pedroni R, Bowsher J, Kiser MR, Tourassi GD, Tornow W , and...spin-sequence 0-1-2), with emitted gamma-ray energy 3448keV, 2601keV, 2657.562keV. In our simulation, w take tw m jor de-excitation parts into... Walter R, "Neutron Stimulated Emission Computed Tomography of Stable Isotopes," Proceedings of SPIE Medical Imaging 2004, vol. 5368, pp. 248-254. 17

  17. Aero-Optical Investigation of a Pod Directed Energy System

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2010-02-28

    mounted in an enclosure and is now being used to record unsteady wavefront data. 31 Reference [1] Gordeyev , S., and Jumper , E.J., “Aero... Jumper , E. J., “Forcing of a Two-Dimensional, Weakly-Compressible Subsonic Free Shear Layer,” AIAA 2006-0561, Jan., 2006. [3] Gordeyev , S., Hayden, T...and Jumper , E., “Aero-Optical and Flow Measurements Over a Flat-Windowed Turret,” AIAA Journal, Vol. 45, No. 2, 2007, pp.347-357. [4] Gordeyev , S

  18. High Energy Advanced Thermal Storage for Spacecraft Solar Thermal Power and Propulsion Systems

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2011-10-12

    Vol. 108, No. 6, June 1961, pp. 568-572. 38. Storms, E. and Mueller, B., "Phase Relations and Thermodynamic Properties of Transition Metal Borides ...T., and Naka, S., "Formation Process of Tungsten Borides by Solid State Reaction Between Tungsten and Amorphous Boron," Journal of Materials...Molybdenum- Borides ," Journal of Metals, September 1952, pp. 983-988. 41. Ellis, R.C., “Various Preparations of Elemental Boron,” Proceedings of the 1st

  19. Molten Boron Phase-Change Thermal Energy Storage to Augment Solar Thermal Propulsion Systems

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2011-07-13

    Thermodynamic Properties of Transition Metal Borides . I. The Molybdenum-boron system and Elemental Boron," Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 81...February 1977, pp. 318-324. 38Itoh, H., Matsudaira, T., and Naka, S., "Formation Process of Tungsten Borides by Solid State Reaction Between Tungsten...Molybdenum-Boron and Some Properties of The Molybdenum- Borides ," Journal of Metals, September 1952, pp. 983-988. 40Stout, N. D., Mar, R. W., and Boo, W. O

  20. Studies on a.c. conductivity behaviour of milled carbon fibre reinforced epoxy gradient composites

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Nigrawal, Archana; Sharma, Arun Kumar; Ojha, Pragya

    2018-05-01

    Temperature and frequency dependence of a.c. conductivity (σa.c) of milled carbon fibre (MCF) reinforced epoxy gradient composites has been studied in a wide temperature (30 to 150°C) and frequency range (1 to 10kHz). It is observed that the ac conductivity of composites increases with increase in temperature. Activation energy decreases from 0.55 eV to 0.43 eV on increase of MCF content from 0.45to 1.66 Vol%.

  1. Experimental Validation of Source Temperature Modulation Via a Thermal Switch in Thermal Energy Harvesting (Preprint)

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2007-12-01

    International Journal of Exergy , Vol. 2, No. 2, 2005, pp. 120-145. 8Hoyos, G.E., Rao, K.R., and Jerger, D., “Fast Transient Response of Novel...DATES COVERED (From - To) December 2007 Journal Article Preprint 31 July 2005 – 31 July 2007 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER In-house 5b. GRANT NUMBER 4...distribution unlimited. 13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES Journal article submitted to the Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer. The U.S. Government is joint

  2. Frequency Control Using On line Learning Method for Island Smart Grid with EVs and PVs

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2014-07-06

    deviation from PVs are modeled as the power disturbance for the system . A. Case 1: active power disturbance without EVs constraints In this case, there are...IEEE Transactions on, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 565–577, 2012. [7] M. Datta and T. Senjyu, “Fuzzy control of distributed pv inverters /energy storage systems ...this linearity assumption. In island smart grid with photovoltaics ( PVs ) and EVs, system state parameters and operating conditions are changing

  3. Computational Study of the Effect of Slot Orientation on Synthetic Jet-Based Separation Control

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2012-01-01

    Wind Turbine Blades,” Journal of Wind Energy, Vol. 13, Issue 2-3, 2009, pp. 221 – 237. [10] Crook, A. and Wood, N. J., “Measurements and...by these hairpin structures could be desirable for separation control. Roll-up of jets into vortex ring followed by tilting and stretching occurred...at an intermediate Reynolds number and velocity ratio. By increasing these two flow parameters, rapid penetration of the tilted vortex ring up to the

  4. Asymmetric Multilevel Outphasing (AMO): A New Architecture for All-Silicon mm-Wave Transmitter ICs

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2015-06-12

    power-amplifiers for mobile basestation infrastructure and handsets. NanoSemi Inc. designs linearization solutions for analog front-ends such as...ward flexible, multi-standard radio chips, increases the need for high-precision, high-throughput and energy-efficient backend processing. The desire...peak PAE is affected by less than 1% (46 mW/(46 mW 1.8 W/0.4)) by this 64-QAM capable AMO SCS backend . 378 IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS, VOL. 48

  5. Environment and the Military. A Selected Bibliography

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1993-05-01

    What Price Clean Air? A Market Approach to Energy and Environmental Policy. New York: 1993. 96pp. (HC110 .A4W45 1993) Commoner, Barry. Making Peace with...Decision Making and the Environment. Newbury Park: Sage, 1992. 212pp. (HD75.6 .S74 1992) Steger, Will, and Bowermaster, Jon. Saving the Earth: A...34Environment and Security: Muddled Thinking ." Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, Vol. 47, April 1991, pp. 22- 28. Diederich, Michael D., Jr. "’Law of War

  6. Atmospheric Effects upon Laser Beam Propagation: An Annotated Bibliography

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1979-02-14

    pp. 2711-2720, September 1978. [ Measurements in long path white cell and spietro- phone using a tunable DF laser on normal and deuterium depleted...34Backscatter in Clouds at 0.9 pm and Its Effect on Optical Fuzing Systems ," Proc. 7th Laser Conf., Vol. I1, p. 15, June 1976. [ Measured extinction and...relative transmission measurements during March at the White Sands HELSTF (High Energy Laser Standard Test 12 Facility) 6.5 km path . In May they are

  7. A Tool for Empirical Forecasting of Major Flares, Coronal Mass Ejections, and Solar Particle Events from a Proxy of Active-Region Free Magnetic Energy

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2011-04-07

    Center, Huntsville, Alabama , USA. 2Physics Department, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama , USA. 3Center for Space Plasma and...Aeronomic Research, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama , USA. SPACE WEATHER, VOL. 9, S04003, doi:10.1029/2009SW000537, 2011...PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) University of of Alabama in Huntsville,Center for Space Plasma and Aeronomic Research,Huntsville,AL,35899

  8. Molecular Interactions of High Energy Fuels and Jet Fuels with Oncogenic Viruses and Endogenous Viruses.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1983-02-01

    furam failed to abrogate the inhibitory effect of MAMA , the ultimate carcinogen of SDMH. Detailed methodology required to ascertain effect of chemicals...Modern Environmental Toxicology Vol. I. Eds, N. Mishra, V. Dunkel, M. M11ehlman. Senate Press, N.J. 1980. (2) "Origins of Human Cancer ", by I.J...Longfellow, Ph.D. Assistant Chief Chemical and Physical Carcinogenesis Branch Division of Cancer Cause and Prevention NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MID 20205 VI

  9. The Construction of a Vague Fuzzy Measure Through L1 Parameter Optimization

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2012-08-26

    Programming v. 1.21, http://cvxr.com/cvx, (2011) 11 [3] E.J. Candes, J. Romberg and T. Tao. Robust Uncertainty Principles: Exact Signal Reconstruction From...Annales de I’institut Fourer, 5 (1954), pp. 131-295 [9] D. Diakoulaki, C. Antunes and A. Martins. MCDA in Energy Planning, Int. Series in Operations...formance and Tests , Fuzzy Sets and Systems, Vol. 65, Issues 2-3 (1994), pp.255-271 [15] M. Grabisch. Fuzzy Integral in Multicriteria Decision Making, Fuzzy

  10. Experimental design for the formulation and optimization of novel cross-linked oilispheres developed for in vitro site-specific release of Mentha piperita oil.

    PubMed

    Sibanda, Wilbert; Pillay, Viness; Danckwerts, Michael P; Viljoen, Alvaro M; van Vuuren, Sandy; Khan, Riaz A

    2004-03-12

    A Plackett-Burman design was employed to develop and optimize a novel crosslinked calcium-aluminum-alginate-pectinate oilisphere complex as a potential system for the in vitro site-specific release of Mentha piperita, an essential oil used for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. The physicochemical and textural properties (dependent variables) of this complex were found to be highly sensitive to changes in the concentration of the polymers (0%-1.5% wt/vol), crosslinkers (0%-4% wt/vol), and crosslinking reaction times (0.5-6 hours) (independent variables). Particle size analysis indicated both unimodal and bimodal populations with the highest frequency of 2 mm oilispheres. Oil encapsulation ranged from 6 to 35 mg/100 mg oilispheres. Gravimetric changes of the crosslinked matrix indicated significant ion sequestration and loss in an exponential manner, while matrix erosion followed Higuchi's cube root law. Among the various measured responses, the total fracture energy was the most suitable optimization objective (R2 = 0.88, Durbin-Watson Index = 1.21%, Coefficient of Variation (CV) = 33.21%). The Lagrangian technique produced no significant differences (P > .05) between the experimental and predicted total fracture energy values (0.0150 vs 0.0107 J). Artificial Neural Networks, as an alternative predictive tool of the total fracture energy, was highly accurate (final mean square error of optimal network epoch approximately 0.02). Fused-coated optimized oilispheres produced a 4-hour lag phase followed by zero-order kinetics (n > 0.99), whereby analysis of release data indicated that diffusion (Fickian constant k1 = 0.74 vs relaxation constant k2 = 0.02) was the predominant release mechanism.

  11. The role of turbulent mixing in wind turbine wake recovery and wind array performance

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Fruh, Wolf-Gerrit; Creech, Angus; Maguire, Eoghan

    2014-05-01

    The effect of wind turbine wakes in large offshore wind energy arrays can be a substantial factor in affecting the performance of turbines inside the array. Turbulent mixing plays a key role in the wake recovery, having a significant effect on the length over which the wake is strong enough to affect the performance other turbines significantly. We aim to highlight how turbulence affects wind turbine wakes, first by examining a high resolution CFD model of a single turbine wake validated by LIDAR measurements [1], and secondly with a much larger CFD simulation of Lillgrund offshore wind farm, validated with SCADA data [2]. By comparing the decay rates behind single turbines in environments of different surrounding surface features, ranging from ideal free-slip wind tunnels to mixed-vegetation hills, we suggest that the decay rate of turbine wakes are enhanced by free-stream turbulence, created by topography and ground features. In the context of Lillgrund wind farm, observations and computational results suggest that the wakes created by the turbines in the leading row facing the wind decay much slower than those in second row, or further into the turbine array. This observation can be explained by the diffusive action of upwind turbulence breaking up the wake generated by a turbine rotor. Angus CW Creech, Wolf-Gerrit Früh, Peter Clive (2012). Actuator volumes and hradaptive methods for threedimensional simulation of wind turbine wakes and performance. Wind Energy Vol.15, 847 - 863. Angus C.W. Creech, Wolf-Gerrit Früh, A. Eoghan Maguire (2013). High-resolution CFD modelling of Lillgrund Wind farm. Renewable Energies and Power Quality Journal, Vol. 11

  12. Effect of a solid solution on the steady-state creep behavior of an aluminum matrix composite

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Pandey, A. B.; Mishra, R. S.; Mahajan, Y. R.

    1996-02-01

    The effect of an alloying element, 4 wt pct Mg, on the steady-state creep behavior of an Al-10 vol pct SiCp composite has been studied. The Al-4 wt pct Mg-10 vol pct SiCp composite has been tested under compression creep in the temperature range 573 to 673 K. The steady-state creep data of the composite show a transition in the creep behavior (regions I and II) depending on the applied stress at 623 and 673 K. The low stress range data (region I) exhibit a stress exponent of about 7 and an activation energy of 76.5 kJ mol-1. These values conform to the dislocation-climb-controlled creep model with pipe diffusion as a rate-controlling mechanism. The intermediate stress range data (region II) exhibit high and variable apparent stress exponents, 18 to 48, and activation energy, 266 kJ mol-1, at a constant stress, σ = 50 MPa, for creep of this composite. This behavior can be rationalized using a substructure-invariant model with a stress exponent of 8 and an activation energy close to the lattice self-diffusion of aluminum together with a threshold stress. The creep data of the Al-Mg-A12O3f composite reported by Dragone and Nix also conform to the substructure-invariant model. The threshold stress and the creep strength of the Al-Mg-SiCp, composite are compared with those of the Al-Mg-Al2O3f and 6061 Al-SiCp.w, composites and discussed in terms of the load-transfer mechanism. Magnesium has been found to be very effective in improving the creep resistance of the Al-SiCp composite.

  13. Hardware Implementation of Lossless Adaptive Compression of Data From a Hyperspectral Imager

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Keymeulen, Didlier; Aranki, Nazeeh I.; Klimesh, Matthew A.; Bakhshi, Alireza

    2012-01-01

    Efficient onboard data compression can reduce the data volume from hyperspectral imagers on NASA and DoD spacecraft in order to return as much imagery as possible through constrained downlink channels. Lossless compression is important for signature extraction, object recognition, and feature classification capabilities. To provide onboard data compression, a hardware implementation of a lossless hyperspectral compression algorithm was developed using a field programmable gate array (FPGA). The underlying algorithm is the Fast Lossless (FL) compression algorithm reported in Fast Lossless Compression of Multispectral- Image Data (NPO-42517), NASA Tech Briefs, Vol. 30, No. 8 (August 2006), p. 26 with the modification reported in Lossless, Multi-Spectral Data Comressor for Improved Compression for Pushbroom-Type Instruments (NPO-45473), NASA Tech Briefs, Vol. 32, No. 7 (July 2008) p. 63, which provides improved compression performance for data from pushbroom-type imagers. An FPGA implementation of the unmodified FL algorithm was previously developed and reported in Fast and Adaptive Lossless Onboard Hyperspectral Data Compression System (NPO-46867), NASA Tech Briefs, Vol. 36, No. 5 (May 2012) p. 42. The essence of the FL algorithm is adaptive linear predictive compression using the sign algorithm for filter adaption. The FL compressor achieves a combination of low complexity and compression effectiveness that exceeds that of stateof- the-art techniques currently in use. The modification changes the predictor structure to tolerate differences in sensitivity of different detector elements, as occurs in pushbroom-type imagers, which are suitable for spacecraft use. The FPGA implementation offers a low-cost, flexible solution compared to traditional ASIC (application specific integrated circuit) and can be integrated as an intellectual property (IP) for part of, e.g., a design that manages the instrument interface. The FPGA implementation was benchmarked on the Xilinx Virtex IV LX25 device, and ported to a Xilinx prototype board. The current implementation has a critical path of 29.5 ns, which dictated a clock speed of 33 MHz. The critical path delay is end-to-end measurement between the uncompressed input data and the output compression data stream. The implementation compresses one sample every clock cycle, which results in a speed of 33 Msample/s. The implementation has a rather low device use of the Xilinx Virtex IV LX25, making the total power consumption of the implementation about 1.27 W.

  14. Tactical Communications Network Modelling and Reliability Analysis: An Overview

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1991-11-01

    Transactions on Reliability. Vol 31 (1982), pp 359-361. [62] B. N. Clark and C. L. Colbourn. "Unit Disk Graphs", Discrete Math ., Vol 86 (1990), pp 165-177. [63...C. L. Colbourn, "Network Resiliance". SIAM Journal of Algebra and Discrete Math . Vol 8. (1987), pp 404-409. [64] W. H. Debany, P. K. Varshney, and C...34Bibliography on Dominatinn in Graphs and Some Basic Definitions of Domination Parameters". Discrete Math .. Vol 86 (1990). pp 257-277. [76] C. L. Hwang. F. A

  15. Index to Nuclear Safety. A technical progress review by chronology, permuted title, and author. Vol. 11, No. 1--Vol. 17, No. 6

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Cottrell, W.B.; Klein, A.

    1977-02-23

    This index to Nuclear Safety covers articles in Nuclear Safety Vol. 11, No. 1 (Jan.-Feb. 1970), through Vol. 17, No. 6 (Nov.-Dec. 1976). The index includes a chronological list of articles (including abstract) followed by KWIC and Author Indexes. Nuclear Safety, a bimonthly technical progress review prepared by the Nuclear Safety Information Center, covers all safety aspects of nuclear power reactors and associated facilities. The index lists over 350 technical articles in the last six years of publication.

  16. Selected Bibliography on Fiber-Reinforced Cement and Concrete. Supplement Number 4.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1982-08-01

    Building Industry," L’Industria Italiana del Cemento , Vol 50, No. 12, Dec 1980, pp 1135-1144. 19. Bartos, P., "Pullout Failure of Fibres Embedded in Cement...Vol 43, No. 11, Nov 1977, pp 561-564. 21. Bassan, M., "Model of Behavior of Fiber-Reinforced Concretes Under Impact Stresses," il Cemento , Vol 74, No...Pastes," il Cemento , Vol 75, No. 3, Jul-Sep 1978, pp 277-284. 210. Mills, R. H., "Age-Embrittlement of Glass-Reinforced Concrete Containing Blastfurance

  17. Investigation of the effect of tablet surface area/volume on drug release from hydroxypropylmethylcellulose controlled-release matrix tablets.

    PubMed

    Reynolds, Thomas D; Mitchell, Shawn A; Balwinski, Karen M

    2002-04-01

    The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of tablet surface area/volume (SA/Vol) on drug release from controlled-release matrix tablets containing hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC). Soluble drugs (promethazine HCl, diphenhydramine HCl, and propranolol HCl) were utilized in this study to give predominantly diffusion-controlled release. Drug release from HPMC matrix tablets with similar values of SA/Vol was comparable within the same tablet shape (i.e., flat-faced round tablets) and among different shapes (i.e., oval, round concave, flat-faced beveled-edge, and flat-faced round tablets). Tablets having the same surface area but different SA/Vol values did not result in similar drug release; tablets with larger SA/Vol values hadfaster release profiles. Utility of SA/Vol to affect drug release was demonstrated by changing drug doses, and altering tablet shape to adjust SA/Vol. When SA/Vol was held constant, similar release profiles were obtained with f2 metric values greater than 70. Thus, surface area/volume is one of the key variables in controlling drug release from HPMC matrix tablets. Proper use of this variable has practical application by formulators who may need to duplicate drug release profiles from tablets of different sizes and different shapes.

  18. Relationship between pretreatment level of plasma Epstein-Barr virus DNA, tumor burden, and metabolic activity in advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Ma, Brigette; King, Ann; Lo, Y.M. Dennis

    Purpose: Plasma Epstein-Barr virus DNA (pEBV DNA) is an important prognostic marker in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). This study tested the hypotheses that pEBV DNA reflects tumor burden and metabolic activity by evaluating its relationship with tumor volume and {sup 18}F-fluorodeoxyglucose ({sup 18}F-FDG) uptake in NPC. Methods and Materials: Pre-treatment pEBV DNA analysis, {sup 18}F-FDG positron emission tomography-computed tomography scan (PET-CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head and neck were performed in 57 patients. Net volume (cm{sup 3}) of the primary tumor (T{sub vol}) and regional nodes (N{sub vol}) were quantified on MRI. {sup 18}F-FDG uptake was expressed asmore » the maximum standardized uptake value (SUV{sub max}) at the primary tumor (T{sub suv}) and regional nodes (N{sub suv}). Lesions with SUV{sub max} {>=} 2.5 were considered malignant. Relationship between SUV{sub max}, natural logarithm (log) of pEBV DNA, and square root (sq) of MRI volumes was analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. A linear regression model was constructed to test for any interaction between variables and disease stage. Results: Log-pEBV DNA showed significant correlation with sq-T{sub vol} (r = 0.393), sq-N{sub vol} (r = 0.452), total tumor volume (sq-Total{sub vol} = T{sub vol} + N{sub vol}, r = 0.554), T{sub suv} (r = 0.276), N{sub suv} (r = 0.434), and total SUV{sub max} (Total{sub suv} = T{sub suv} + N{sub suv}, r = 0.457). Likewise, sq-T{sub vol} was correlated to T{sub suv} (r 0.426), and sq-N{sub vol} with N{sub suv} (r = 0.651). Regression analysis showed that only log-pEBV DNA was significantly associated with sq-Total{sub vol} (p < 0.001; parameter estimate = 8.844; 95% confidence interval = 3.986-13.703), whereas Sq-T{sub vol} was significantly associated with T{sub suv} (p = 0.002; parameter estimate = 3.923; 95% confidence interval = 1.498-6.348). Conclusion: This study supports the hypothesis that cell-free plasma EBV DNA is a marker of tumor burden in EBV-related NPC.« less

  19. The Influence of Phenocrysts on Magma Degassing in Rhyolitic Systems

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    deGraffenried, R.; Larsen, J. F.; Lindoo, A. N.

    2016-12-01

    The kinetics of volatile exsolution and magma degassing control volcanic eruption styles, but the role of phenocrysts in the degassing process is poorly understood. The focus of this study is two series of decompression experiments examining how phenocrysts may or may not influence vesicle structures leading to permeability development and degassing in magmas with rhyolitic matrix melts. Powdered rhyolite obsidian (75 SiO2 wt. %; Mono Craters, CA) was seeded with 20 and 40 vol. % euhedral corundum crystals (350 μm) to approximate phenocrysts. Experiments were run using TZM (Ti-Zr-Mo alloy) vessels fitted with a water-cooled rapid quench top in a vertical Deltech furnace. Each run was held at 110 MPa and 900OC for 24 hours then decompressed continuously at a rate of 0.25 MPa/s to a final pressure (Pf) between 75 and 15 MPa. Permeability was measured using a bench-top permeameter constructed for the small experimental samples. Porosity was obtained from reflected light images using NIH Image J. The porosity of the samples increased from 11.0±1.7 to 73.3±3.1 vol % at Pf of 75 to 15 MPa for crystal free samples, 30.1±6.9 to 62.2±2.6 vol % at Pf of of 75 to 25 MPa for 20 vol % crystal samples, and 13.3±2.5 to 41.2±9.6 vol % at Pf of 75 to 50 MPa for 40 vol % crystal samples. The 20 vol % samples are impermeable up to at least 50 MPa Pf. The 40 vol % samples are impermeable up to 25 MPa Pf, with one sample having a measured Darcian permeability of -13.93±0.05 m2 at 25 MPa Pf. Comparatively, the crystal free samples were mostly impermeable up to 15 MPa, with one sample having a measured Darcian permeability of -14.41±0.04 m2 at 15 MPa Pf and 73.3 vol % porosity. Although preliminary, our permeable 40 vol % experiment suggests the phenocrysts help the samples develop permeability at a higher ending pressure and potentially lower porosity. Differences in the porosity curve as a function of pressure between the 20 and 40 vol % series indicate phenocrysts influence the vesicle structures in ascending magmas.

  20. The feasibility of a regional CTDI{sub vol} to estimate organ dose from tube current modulated CT exams

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Khatonabadi, Maryam; Kim, Hyun J.; Lu, Peiyun

    Purpose: In AAPM Task Group 204, the size-specific dose estimate (SSDE) was developed by providing size adjustment factors which are applied to the Computed Tomography (CT) standardized dose metric, CTDI{sub vol}. However, that work focused on fixed tube current scans and did not specifically address tube current modulation (TCM) scans, which are currently the majority of clinical scans performed. The purpose of this study was to extend the SSDE concept to account for TCM by investigating the feasibility of using anatomic and organ specific regions of scanner output to improve accuracy of dose estimates. Methods: Thirty-nine adult abdomen/pelvis and 32more » chest scans from clinically indicated CT exams acquired on a multidetector CT using TCM were obtained with Institutional Review Board approval for generating voxelized models. Along with image data, raw projection data were obtained to extract TCM functions for use in Monte Carlo simulations. Patient size was calculated using the effective diameter described in TG 204. In addition, the scanner-reported CTDI{sub vol} (CTDI{sub vol,global}) was obtained for each patient, which is based on the average tube current across the entire scan. For the abdomen/pelvis scans, liver, spleen, and kidneys were manually segmented from the patient datasets; for the chest scans, lungs and for female models only, glandular breast tissue were segmented. For each patient organ doses were estimated using Monte Carlo Methods. To investigate the utility of regional measures of scanner output, regional and organ anatomic boundaries were identified from image data and used to calculate regional and organ-specific average tube current values. From these regional and organ-specific averages, CTDI{sub vol} values, referred to as regional and organ-specific CTDI{sub vol}, were calculated for each patient. Using an approach similar to TG 204, all CTDI{sub vol} values were used to normalize simulated organ doses; and the ability of each normalized dose to correlate with patient size was investigated. Results: For all five organs, the correlations with patient size increased when organ doses were normalized by regional and organ-specific CTDI{sub vol} values. For example, when estimating dose to the liver, CTDI{sub vol,global} yielded a R{sup 2} value of 0.26, which improved to 0.77 and 0.86, when using the regional and organ-specific CTDI{sub vol} for abdomen and liver, respectively. For breast dose, the global CTDI{sub vol} yielded a R{sup 2} value of 0.08, which improved to 0.58 and 0.83, when using the regional and organ-specific CTDI{sub vol} for chest and breasts, respectively. The R{sup 2} values also increased once the thoracic models were separated for the analysis into females and males, indicating differences between genders in this region not explained by a simple measure of effective diameter. Conclusions: This work demonstrated the utility of regional and organ-specific CTDI{sub vol} as normalization factors when using TCM. It was demonstrated that CTDI{sub vol,global} is not an effective normalization factor in TCM exams where attenuation (and therefore tube current) varies considerably throughout the scan, such as abdomen/pelvis and even thorax. These exams can be more accurately assessed for dose using regional CTDI{sub vol} descriptors that account for local variations in scanner output present when TCM is employed.« less

  1. Accurate Critical Stress Intensity Factor Griffith Crack Theory Measurements by Numerical Techniques

    PubMed Central

    Petersen, Richard C.

    2014-01-01

    Critical stress intensity factor (KIc) has been an approximation for fracture toughness using only load-cell measurements. However, artificial man-made cracks several orders of magnitude longer and wider than natural flaws have required a correction factor term (Y) that can be up to about 3 times the recorded experimental value [1-3]. In fact, over 30 years ago a National Academy of Sciences advisory board stated that empirical KIc testing was of serious concern and further requested that an accurate bulk fracture toughness method be found [4]. Now that fracture toughness can be calculated accurately by numerical integration from the load/deflection curve as resilience, work of fracture (WOF) and strain energy release (SIc) [5, 6], KIc appears to be unnecessary. However, the large body of previous KIc experimental test results found in the literature offer the opportunity for continued meta analysis with other more practical and accurate fracture toughness results using energy methods and numerical integration. Therefore, KIc is derived from the classical Griffith Crack Theory [6] to include SIc as a more accurate term for strain energy release rate (𝒢Ic), along with crack surface energy (γ), crack length (a), modulus (E), applied stress (σ), Y, crack-tip plastic zone defect region (rp) and yield strength (σys) that can all be determined from load and deflection data. Polymer matrix discontinuous quartz fiber-reinforced composites to accentuate toughness differences were prepared for flexural mechanical testing comprising of 3 mm fibers at different volume percentages from 0-54.0 vol% and at 28.2 vol% with different fiber lengths from 0.0-6.0 mm. Results provided a new correction factor and regression analyses between several numerical integration fracture toughness test methods to support KIc results. Further, bulk KIc accurate experimental values are compared with empirical test results found in literature. Also, several fracture toughness mechanisms are discussed especially for fiber-reinforced composites. PMID:25620817

  2. Thoracic-abdominal imaging with a novel dual-layer spectral detector CT: intra-individual comparison of image quality and radiation dose with 128-row single-energy acquisition.

    PubMed

    Haneder, Stefan; Siedek, Florian; Doerner, Jonas; Pahn, Gregor; Grosse Hokamp, Nils; Maintz, David; Wybranski, Christian

    2018-01-01

    Background A novel, multi-energy, dual-layer spectral detector computed tomography (SDCT) is commercially available now with the vendor's claim that it yields the same or better quality of polychromatic, conventional CT images like modern single-energy CT scanners without any radiation dose penalty. Purpose To intra-individually compare the quality of conventional polychromatic CT images acquired with a dual-layer spectral detector (SDCT) and the latest generation 128-row single-energy-detector (CT128) from the same manufacturer. Material and Methods Fifty patients underwent portal-venous phase, thoracic-abdominal CT scans with the SDCT and prior CT128 imaging. The SDCT scanning protocol was adapted to yield a similar estimated dose length product (DLP) as the CT128. Patient dose optimization by automatic tube current modulation and CT image reconstruction with a state-of-the-art iterative algorithm were identical on both scanners. CT image contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) was compared between the SDCT and CT128 in different anatomic structures. Image quality and noise were assessed independently by two readers with 5-point-Likert-scales. Volume CT dose index (CTDI vol ), and DLP were recorded and normalized to 68 cm acquisition length (DLP 68 ). Results The SDCT yielded higher mean CNR values of 30.0% ± 2.0% (26.4-32.5%) in all anatomic structures ( P < 0.001) and excellent scores for qualitative parameters surpassing the CT128 (all P < 0.0001) with substantial inter-rater agreement (κ ≥ 0.801). Despite adapted scan protocols the SDCT yielded lower values for CTDI vol (-10.1 ± 12.8%), DLP (-13.1 ± 13.9%), and DLP 68 (-15.3 ± 16.9%) than the CT128 (all P < 0.0001). Conclusion The SDCT scanner yielded better CT image quality compared to the CT128 and lower radiation dose parameters.

  3. The fabrication of a programmable via using phase-change material in CMOS-compatible technology.

    PubMed

    Chen, Kuan-Neng; Krusin-Elbaum, Lia

    2010-04-02

    We demonstrate an energy-efficient programmable via concept using indirectly heated phase-change material. This via structure has maximum phase-change volume to achieve a minimum on resistance for high performance logic applications. Process development and material investigations for this device structure are reported. The device concept is successfully demonstrated in a standard CMOS-compatible technology capable of multiple cycles between on/off states for reconfigurable applications.

  4. Assessment of forest biomass for use as energy. GIS-based analysis of geographical availability and locations of wood-fired power plants in Portugal

    Treesearch

    H. Viana; Warren B. Cohen; D. Lopes; J. Aranha

    2010-01-01

    Following the European Union strategy concerning renewable energy (RE), Portugal established in their national policy programmes that the production of electrical energy from RE should reach 45% of the total supply by 2010. Since Portugal has large forest biomass resources, a significant part of this energy will be obtained from this source. In addition to the two...

  5. Nuclear Data Covariances in the Indian Context – Progress, Challenges, Excitement and Perspectives

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Ganesan, S., E-mail: gane-san555@gmail.com

    We present a brief overview of progress, challenges, excitement and perspectives in developing nuclear data covariances in the Indian context in relation to target accuracies and sensitivity studies that are of great importance to Bhabha's 3-stage nuclear programme for energy and non-energy applications.

  6. 3D reconstruction modeling of bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaic cells: Effect of the complexity of the boundary on the morphology

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kim, Sung-Jin; Jeong, Daun; Kim, SeongMin; Choi, Yeong Suk; Ihn, Soo-Ghang; Yun, Sungyoung; Lim, Younhee; Lee, Eunha; Park, Gyeong-Su

    2016-02-01

    Although the morphology of the active layer in bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaic (BHJ-OPV) cells is critical for determining the quantum efficiency (QE), predicting the real QE for a 3-dimensional (3D) morphology has long been difficult because structural information on the composition complexity of donor (D): acceptor (A) blends with small domain size is limited to 2D observations via various image-processing techniques. To overcome this, we reconstruct the 3D morphology by using an isotropic statistical approach based on 2D energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy (EF-TEM) images. This new reconstruction method is validated to obtain the internal QE by using a dynamic Monte Carlo simulation in the BHJ-OPV system with different additives such as 4 vol% 1-chloronaphthalene (CN) and 4 vol% 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO) (compared to the case of no additive); the resulting trend is compared with the experimental QE. Therefore, our developed method can be used to predict the real charge transport performance in the OPV system accurately.

  7. Microstructure and Properties of Fe3Al-Fe3AlC x Composite Prepared by Reactive Liquid Processing

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Verona, Maria Nalu; Setti, Dalmarino; Paredes, Ramón Sigifredo Cortés

    2018-04-01

    A Fe3Al-Fe3AlC x composite was prepared using reactive liquid processing (RLP) through controlled mixture of carbon steel and aluminum in the liquid state. The microstructure and phases of the composite were assessed using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, optical microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. In addition, the density, hardness, microhardness, and elastic modulus were evaluated. The Fe3Al-Fe3AlC x composite consisted of 65 vol pct Fe3Al and 35 vol pct Fe3AlC x ( κ). The κ phase contained 10.62 at. pct C, resulting in the stoichiometry Fe3AlC0.475. The elastic modulus of the Fe3Al-Fe3AlC0.475 composite followed the rule of mixtures. The RLP technique was shown to be capable of producing Fe3Al-Fe3AlC0.475 with a microstructure and properties similar to those achieved using other processing techniques reported in the literature.

  8. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Citterio, M.; Camplani, A.; Cannon, M.

    SRAM based Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) have been rarely used in High Energy Physics (HEP) due to their sensitivity to radiation. The last generation of commercial FPGAs based on 28 nm feature size and on Silicon On Insulator (SOI) technologies are more tolerant to radiation to the level that their use in front-end electronics is now feasible. FPGAs provide re-programmability, high-speed computation and fast data transmission through the embedded serial transceivers. They could replace custom application specific integrated circuits in front end electronics in locations with moderate radiation field. Finally, the use of a FPGA in HEP experiments ismore » only limited by our ability to mitigate single event effects induced by the high energy hadrons present in the radiation field.« less

  9. Improved Planning and Programming for Energy Efficient New Army Facilities

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1988-10-01

    setpoints to occupant comfort must be considered carefully. Cutting off the HVAC system to the bedrooms during the day produced only small savings...functions of a building and minimizing the energy usage through optimization . It includes thermostats, time switches, programmable con- trollers...microprocessor systems, computers, and sensing devices that are linked with control and power components to manage energy use. This system optimizes load

  10. Family- and school-based correlates of energy balance-related behaviours in 10-12-year-old children: a systematic review within the ENERGY (EuropeaN Energy balance Research to prevent excessive weight Gain among Youth) project.

    PubMed

    Verloigne, Maïté; Van Lippevelde, Wendy; Maes, Lea; Brug, Johannes; De Bourdeaudhuij, Ilse

    2012-08-01

    To identify family- and school-based correlates of specific energy balance-related behaviours (physical activity, sedentary behaviour, breakfast consumption, soft drink consumption) among 10-12-year-olds, using the EnRG framework (Environmental Research framework for weight Gain prevention). A literature review to identify observational studies exploring at least one family- or school-based correlate of the specific behaviours, resulting in seventy-six articles. Eighteen studies were conducted in Europe, forty-one studies in North America and seventeen studies in Australasia. Healthy children aged 10-12 years. Parental and maternal physical activity, doing physical activities with parents and parental logistic support were identified as the most important, positive correlates of physical activity. Parental rules was the most important correlate of sedentary behaviour and was inversely related to it. School socio-economic status was positively related to physical activity and inversely related to sedentary behaviour. The available studies suggested a positive relationship between soft drink availability at home and consumption. Soft drink availability and consumption at school were the most important school-based correlates of soft drink consumption. A permissive parenting style was related to more soft drink consumption and less breakfast consumption. An important role has been awarded to parents, suggesting parents should be involved in obesity prevention programmes. Despite the opportunities a school can offer, little research has been done to identify school-environmental correlates of energy balance-related behaviours in this age group. Obesity prevention programmes can focus on the most important correlates to maximize the effectiveness of the programme. Future research should aim at longitudinal studies.

  11. Constrained Adaptive Beamforming for Improved Contrast in Breast Ultrasound

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2008-06-01

    Medical Imaging 2007: Ultrasonic Imaging and Signal Processing Proceedings, vol. 6513, San Diego , CA, Feb. 18, 2007. 12. Guenther, D.A., Walker...Transactions on, vol. 6, pp. 185-192, 1987. [23] A. P. Schachat, R. P. Murphy, and A. Patz, Medical Retina, vol. 2, 1 ed. St. Louis: The C. V. Mosby

  12. Effect of SiC addition to the characteristics of Al-11Zn-6.7Mg composite produced by squeeze casting for ballistic application

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Adiputra, R. F.; Wijanarko, R.; Angela, I.; Sofyan, B. T.

    2018-01-01

    Aluminium composite material as an alternative to steel used in body of tactical vehicles has been studied. Addition of SiC was expected to have strengthening effect on the composite matrix therefore improving its ballistic performance. Composites of Al-11Zn-6.7Mg matrix and SiC strengthening particles with the fraction of 0, 10, and 15 vol. % were fabricated through squeeze casting process. Composite samples were then precipitation strengthened at 130 °C for 102 h to further improve their toughness. Final products were characterized by using chemical composition testing, optical microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscope - Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and quantitative metallography to calculate porosity, hardness test, impact test, and type III ballistic test in accordance with NIJ 0108.04 standard. The results showed that increase in SiC volume fraction from 0 to 10 and 15 vol. % managed to improve the hardness from 73 to 85 and 87 HRB, respectively, while on the other hand reduced the impact values from 12,278.69 to 11,290.35 and 9,924.54 J/m2. SEM-EDS observation confirmed the presence of Mg3Zn3Al2 intermetallic compound which formed during solidification and indicated the precipitation of MgZn2 precipitates during ageing. The ballistic testing demonstrated a promising result of the potential of Al-11Zn-6.7Mg composite strengthened by 15 vol. % SiC to withstand penetration of type III bullet (7.62 mm).

  13. Optical reversible programmable Boolean logic unit.

    PubMed

    Chattopadhyay, Tanay

    2012-07-20

    Computing with reversibility is the only way to avoid dissipation of energy associated with bit erase. So, a reversible microprocessor is required for future computing. In this paper, a design of a simple all-optical reversible programmable processor is proposed using a polarizing beam splitter, liquid crystal-phase spatial light modulators, a half-wave plate, and plane mirrors. This circuit can perform 16 logical operations according to three programming inputs. Also, inputs can be easily recovered from the outputs. It is named the "reversible programmable Boolean logic unit (RPBLU)." The logic unit is the basic building block of many complex computational operations. Hence the design is important in sense. Two orthogonally polarized lights are defined here as two logical states, respectively.

  14. French Atomic Energy Commission Decommissioning Programme and Feedback Experience - 12230

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Guiberteau, Ph.; Nokhamzon, J.G.

    Since the French Atomic and Alternatives Energy Commission (CEA) was founded in 1945 to carry out research programmes on use of nuclear, and its application France has set up and run various types of installations: research or prototypes reactors, process study or examination laboratories, pilot installations, accelerators, nuclear power plants and processing facilities. Some of these are currently being dismantled or must be dismantled soon so that the DEN, the Nuclear Energy Division, can construct new equipment and thus have available a range of R and D facilities in line with the issues of the nuclear industry of the future.more » Since the 1960's and 1970's in all its centres, the CEA has acquired experience and know-how through dismantling various nuclear facilities. The dismantling techniques are nowadays operational, even if sometimes certain specific developments are necessary to reduce the cost of operations. Thanks to availability of techniques and guarantees of dismantling programme financing now from two dedicated funds, close to euro 15,000 M for the next thirty years, for current or projected dismantling operations, the CEA's Nuclear Energy Division has been able to develop, when necessary, its immediate dismantling strategy. Currently, nearly thirty facilities are being dismantled by the CEA's Nuclear Energy Division operational units with industrial partners. Thus the next decade will see completion of the dismantling and radioactive clean-up of the Grenoble site and of the facilities on the Fontenay-aux-Roses site. By 2016, the dismantling of the UP1 plant at Marcoule, the largest dismantling work in France, will be well advanced, with all the process equipment dismantled. After an overview of the French regulatory framework, the paper will describe the DD and R (Decontamination Decommissioning and Remediation) strategy, programme and feedback experience inside the CEA's Nuclear Energy Division. A special feature of dismantling operations at the CEA comes from the diversity of facilities to be dismantled, which are predominantly research facilities and therefore have no series advantage. There is tremendous operating feedback, however. For more than twenty years in all its centres, the CEA has acquired experience and know-how through dismantling research reactors or critical models and laboratories or plants. The dismantling techniques are nowadays operational, even if sometimes certain specific developments are necessary to reduce the cost of operations. Thanks to availability of techniques and guarantees of dismantling programme financing from two dedicated funds, close to euro 15,000 Millions for the next thirty years, for current or projected dismantling operations, the Nuclear Energy Division has been able to develop, when necessary, its immediate dismantling strategy. Currently, nearly thirty facilities are being dismantled by the CEA's Nuclear Energy Division operational units with industrial partners. Thus the next decade will see completion of the dismantling and radioactive clean-up of the Grenoble site and of the facilities on the Fontenay-aux-Roses site. By 2020, the dismantling of the UP1 plant at Marcoule, one of the largest dismantling works in the world, will be well advanced, with all the process equipment dismantled. (authors)« less

  15. End-tidal concentration of sevoflurane for preventing rocuronium-induced withdrawal of the arm in pediatric patients.

    PubMed

    Yeom, Jong Hoon; Kim, Yong Oh; Lee, Jae Min; Jeon, Woo Jae

    2014-04-01

    During induction of general anesthesia, the intravenous injection of rocuronium is often associated with withdrawal movement of the arm due to pain, and this abrupt withdrawal may result in dislodgement of the venous catheter, injury, or inadequate injection of rocuronium. We performed this study to evaluate the 50 and 95% effective end-tidal concentrations of sevoflurane (ETsev) for preventing rocuronium-induced withdrawal of the arm. We conducted a prospective double-blind study in 31 pediatric patients. After free flow of lactated Ringer's IV fluid was confirmed, anesthesia was induced in the patients by using 2.5% thiopental sodium (4 mg/kg) and sevoflurane (4 vol%) with 6 L/min of oxygen. When the target ETsev was reached, preservative-free 1% lidocaine (1.5 mg/kg) was intravenously injected during manual venous occlusion and rocuronium (0.6 mg/kg) was injected after lidocaine injection under free-flow intravenous fluid. A nurse who was an investigator and was blinded to the ETsev injected the rocuronium. The nurse evaluated the response. Non-withdrawal movement was observed in 5 out of 11 patients with ETsev 3.0 vol% and in 5 out of 6 patients with ETsev 3.5 vol%. By Dixon's up-and-down method, the 50% effective concentration (EC50) of sevoflurane for non-withdrawal movement at rocuronium injection was 3.1 ± 0.4 vol%. A logistic regression curve of the probability of non-withdrawal movements showed that the 50% effective ETsev for abolishing withdrawal movement at rocuronium injection was 2.9 vol% (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.4-3.8 vol%) and the 95% effective ETsev was 4.3 vol% (95% CI 3.6-9.8 vol%). This study showed that the 50 and 95% effective ETsev that prevent withdrawal movement at rocuronium injection are 2.9 and 4.3 vol%, respectively.

  16. Compensation effect in reactions between trans-4,4'-dinitrostilbene oxide and arylsulfonic acids

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Shpan'ko, I. V.; Sadovaya, I. V.

    2016-12-01

    The effect structure and temperature have on the rate and free activation energy of reactions between trans-4,4'-dinitrostilbene oxide and Y-substituted arylsulfonic acids YC6H4SO3H in a mixture of dioxane with 1,2-dichloroethane (7: 3 vol/vol) at 265, 281, and 298 K is studied. It is found that as a result of the nonadditivity of the joint effect of substituents Y and temperature on the rate of the process of oxirane ring opening, the cross reaction series exhibits isoparametric properties in the aspect of enthalpy-entropy compensation. This allows the experimental determination of an isoparametric point with respect to the constant of substituent Y (σY IP= 0.52), in which activation entropy Δ S ≠ = 0 and free activation energy Δ G ≠ do not depend on temperature (Δ G ≠ = Δ H ≠), and to conduct the transition through this point with inversion of the order of the effect temperature has on the value of Δ G ≠ as a result of reversing the sign of Δ S ≠: in the series Y (σY) = 4-OCH3 (-0.27), 4-CH3 (-0.17), H (0), 4-Cl (0.23), and 3-NO2 (0.71), the values of Δ S ≠ (J/(mol K)) are-140,-119,-85,-42, and 44, respectively. The possibility of using isoparametric points as quantitative mechanistic criteria is demonstrated.

  17. Comparison of water use for hydraulic fracturing for unconventional oil and gas versus conventional oil.

    PubMed

    Scanlon, B R; Reedy, R C; Nicot, J-P

    2014-10-21

    We compared water use for hydraulic fracturing (HF) for oil versus gas production within the Eagle Ford shale. We then compared HF water use for Eagle Ford oil with Bakken oil, both plays accounting for two-thirds of U.S. unconventional oil production in 2013. In the Eagle Ford, we found similar average water use in oil and gas zones per well (4.7-4.9 × 10(6) gallons [gal]/well). However, about twice as much water is used per unit of energy (water-to-oil ratio, WOR, vol water/vol oil) in the oil zone (WOR: 1.4) as in the gas zone (water-to-oil-equivalent-ratio, WOER: 0.6). We also found large differences in water use for oil between the two plays, with mean Bakken water use/well (2.0 × 10(6) gal/well) about half that in the Eagle Ford, and a third per energy unit. We attribute these variations mostly to geological differences. Water-to-oil ratios for these plays (0.6-1.4) will further decrease (0.2-0.4) based on estimated ultimate oil recovery of wells. These unconventional water-to-oil ratios (0.2-1.4) are within the lower range of those for U.S. conventional oil production (WOR: 0.1-5). Therefore, the U.S. is using more water because HF has expanded oil production, not because HF is using more water per unit of oil production.

  18. Oxygen requirements for formation and activity of the squalene expoxidase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Jahnke, L.; Klein, H. P.

    1983-01-01

    The effect of oxygen on squalene epoxidase activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae was investigated. In cells grown in standing cultures, the epoxidase was localized mainly in the 'mitochondrial' fraction. Upon aeration, enzyme activity increased and the newly formed enzyme was associated with the 'microsomal' fraction. At 0.03 percent (vol/vol) oxygen, epoxidase levels doubled, whereas the ergosterol level was only slightly increased. Cycloheximide inhibited the increase in epoxidase under these conditions. An apparent K sub m for oxygen of 0.38 percent (vol/vol) was determined from a crude particulate preparation for the epoxidase.

  19. Preliminary Analysis of the Social and Scientific Impact of the UAEM-ININ M.Sc. and D.Sc. Graduate Programme in Medical Physics

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Mitsoura, Eleni; Isaac-Olive, Keila; Torres-Garcia, Eugenio; Camacho-Lopez, Miguel Angel; Hardy-Perez, Alberto

    2010-12-01

    Sponsored by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in 1994, the Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares (ININ) started in Mexico a teaching and training programme (Diplomado) in Radiotherapy Medical Physics. Based on this experience, the Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México (UAEM) and the Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares (ININ) launched two years later, the first Graduate Programme in Science (M.Sc. and D.Sc.), specialised in Medical Physics in Mexico. A preliminary analysis of the social and scientific impact of the UAEM-ININ Programme is presented in this work based on the achievements attained, regarding the number of graduated Medical Physicists, their geographic and academic origin, their current professional activities and the number of scientific publications produced as a result of the thesis, as well as their citations.

  20. Reference dosimeter system of the iaea

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Mehta, Kishor; Girzikowsky, Reinhard

    1995-09-01

    Quality assurance programmes must be in operation at radiation processing facilities to satisfy national and international Standards. Since dosimetry has a vital function in these QA programmes, it is imperative that the dosimetry systems in use at these facilities are well calibrated with a traceability to a Primary Standard Dosimetry Laboratory. As a service to the Member States, the International Atomic Energy Agency operates the International Dose Assurance Service (IDAS) to assist in this process. The transfer standard dosimetry system that is used for this service is based on ESR spectrometry. The paper describes the activities undertaken at the IAEA Dosimetry Laboratory to establish the QA programme for its reference dosimetry system. There are four key elements of such a programme: quality assurance manual; calibration that is traceable to a Primary Standard Dosimetry Laboratory; a clear and detailed statement of uncertainty in the dose measurement; and, periodic quality audit.

  1. Overcoming the Coupling Dilemma in DNA-Programmable Nanoparticle Assemblies by "Ag+ Soldering".

    PubMed

    Wang, Huiqiao; Li, Yulin; Liu, Miao; Gong, Ming; Deng, Zhaoxiang

    2015-05-20

    Strong coupling between nanoparticles is critical for facilitating charge and energy transfers. Despite the great success of DNA-programmable nanoparticle assemblies, the very weak interparticle coupling represents a key barrier to various applications. Here, an extremely simple, fast, and highly efficient process combining DNA-programming and molecular/ionic bonding is developed to address this challenge, which exhibits a seamless fusion with DNA nanotechnology. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  2. Quantitative analysis of interfacial chemistry in TiC/Ti composite using electron-energy-loss spectroscopy

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Gu, M.; Jiang, W.; Zhang, G.

    Due to titanium carbide`s physical and elastic properties, titanium carbide particles are widely used as a reinforcement in titanium-alloy-based composites. Previous studies have shown that no obvious reaction products were detected on the interface region in TiC/Ti alloy systems; instead, a nonstoichiometric region in the TiC particle between the Ti{sub 6}Al{sub 4}V alloy and the stoichiometric TiC was found. However, the nature and the extent of the nonstoichiometric zone have not been quantitatively described. The present communication reports some results of a parallel electron-energy-loss spectroscopy (PEELS) study on a 10 vol pct TiC-particle-reinforced IMI-829 metal-matrix composite.

  3. Impactor mass and source cutoff frequency estimations for three large impacts detected by the Apollo seismometers

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gudkova, T.; Lognonné, P.; Gagnepain-Beyneix, J.

    2010-12-01

    Let us consider the source excitation process for an impact. Following [1], we assume a simple model for the seismic source function, namely, a time-dependent force acting downward on the surface of the planet during the impact: f(t)=G g(t)=G g(t)*δ(t),g(t)=1+cosω1t for t in the interval (-π/ω1,π/ω1), g(t)=0 otherwise, where g(t) is the time dependence of the source, G is used to denote the amplitude of the applied force. This takes into account the fact that part of the seismic force could be associated with ejecta material [2]. We introduce the time constant,τ, equal to 2τ/ω1 to denote the time-duration of the excitation process. For SIVB’s and LM impacts we have τ=0.6 sec and 0.45 sec, respectively and a very good fit explaining practically for all the data and a very high quality factor. In contrast, for the seismic force as a point force (without ejecta generation) we find not only an unrealistically low Q values, but, moreover, a much lower variance reduction. The same fit was done for large meteoroids impacts (impacts on day the 13th and the 25th of January and the 14th of November 1976) (τ = 0.7, 0.8 and 1.05 sec, respectively). We get a very good fit explaining practically for all the data with 98% variance reduction and a very high quality factor. In contrast, the results with the seismic force as a point source are not satisfactory. For all these impacts, we have determined the values of the seismic impulse by matching the energy in the observed and modeled waveforms. To get the mass of a meteoroid we should correct for the ejecta effects, which lead to a mv product smaller by a ratio 1.5 to 1.7 as compared to the seismic impulse. This gave estimates on the mass and size of the meteoroids. Current estimates of the size of the meteoroids (diameter of 2-3 meters) indicate that they could create craters of about 50-70 meters in diameter: it might therefore be possible for the NASA Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter mission to detect these craters. These impacts were insufficient to generate surface waves above the detection threshold of the Apollo seismometer. Future seismometers must have performances at least 10 times better than Apollo in order to get these surface waves from comparable impacts. Such a resolution will also allow the detection of several impacts of low mass (1-10 kg) at a few 10s to hundred km of each station, which might be used to perform local studies of the crust. Acknowledgements. This work was supported by Programme National de Planetologie from INSU, the French Space Agency (R&T program).and Grant No. 09-02-00128 and 09-05-91056 from the Russian Fund for Fundamental Research. References [1] McGarr, A., Latham, G.V., and Gault, D.E. 1969. JGR, Vol.74 (25), pp.5981-5994. [2] Lognonné, Ph., Le Feuvre, M., Johnson, C.L., and Weber, R.C. 2009. JGR, Vol. 114, E12003. [3] Gagnepain-Beyneix, J., Lognonné, P., Chenet, H., Lombardi, D., and Spohn, T. 2006. PEPI, Vol.159, pp.140-166. [4] T.V.Gudkova, Ph. Lognonné, and J. Gagnepain-Beyneix 2010. submitted to Icarus, 2010.

  4. PF Documents-PFDS/HDSC/OWP

    Science.gov Websites

    Link Title Release Year Latest Revision NOAA Atlas 2 Vol 1 Precipitation-Frequency Atlas of the Western United States, Montana 1973 1973 NOAA Atlas 2 Vol 2 Precipitation-Frequency Atlas of the Western United States, Wyoming 1973 2006 NOAA Atlas 2 Vol 5 Precipitation-Frequency Atlas of the Western United States

  5. Residuals-Based Subgraph Detection with Cue Vertices

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2015-11-30

    Workshop, 2012, pp. 129–132. [5] M. E. J. Newman , “Finding community structure in networks using the eigenvectors of matrices,” Phys. Rev. E, vol. 74, no...from Data, vol. 1, no. 1, 2007. [7] M. W. Mahoney , L. Orecchia, and N. K. Vishnoi, “A spectral algorithm for improving graph partitions,” CoRR, vol. abs

  6. The Impetus Behind the Creation of the United States Naval Reserve

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2005-06-17

    oll.libertyfund.org/Texts/Jefferson0136/Works/ Vol10 /0054-10_Pt04_1805.html; Internet; accessed 21 February, 2005. 17Henry Adams, History of the United...Vol. 10 (1803 – 1807). [book on-line] available from http://oll.libertyfund.org/Texts/Jefferson0136/Works/ Vol10 /0054- 10_Pt04_1805.html. Internet

  7. Donald Glaser, the Bubble Chamber, and Elementary Particles

    Science.gov Websites

    Effects of Ionizing Radiation on the Formation of Bubbles in Liquids Physical Review, Vol. 87, Issue 4 , 665, August 15, 1952 Characteristics of Bubble Chambers Physical Review, Vol. 97, Issue 2, 474-479 Chambers Physical Review, Vol. 102, Issue 6, 1653-1658, June 15, 1956 Methods of Particle Detection for

  8. G(sup 4)FET Implementations of Some Logic Circuits

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Mojarradi, Mohammad; Akarvardar, Kerem; Cristoleveanu, Sorin; Gentil, Paul; Blalock, Benjamin; Chen, Suhan

    2009-01-01

    Some logic circuits have been built and demonstrated to work substantially as intended, all as part of a continuing effort to exploit the high degrees of design flexibility and functionality of the electronic devices known as G(sup 4)FETs and described below. These logic circuits are intended to serve as prototypes of more complex advanced programmable-logicdevice-type integrated circuits, including field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). In comparison with prior FPGAs, these advanced FPGAs could be much more efficient because the functionality of G(sup 4)FETs is such that fewer discrete components are needed to perform a given logic function in G(sup 4)FET circuitry than are needed perform the same logic function in conventional transistor-based circuitry. The underlying concept of using G(sup 4)FETs as building blocks of programmable logic circuitry was also described, from a different perspective, in G(sup 4)FETs as Universal and Programmable Logic Gates (NPO-41698), NASA Tech Briefs, Vol. 31, No. 7 (July 2007), page 44. A G(sup 4)FET can be characterized as an accumulation-mode silicon-on-insulator (SOI) metal oxide/semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) featuring two junction field-effect transistor (JFET) gates. The structure of a G(sup 4)FET (see Figure 1) is the same as that of a p-channel inversion-mode SOI MOSFET with two body contacts on each side of the channel. The top gate (G1), the substrate emulating a back gate (G2), and the junction gates (JG1 and JG2) can be biased independently of each other and, hence, each can be used to independently control some aspects of the conduction characteristics of the transistor. The independence of the actions of the four gates is what affords the enhanced functionality and design flexibility of G(sup 4)FETs. The present G(sup 4)FET logic circuits include an adjustable-threshold inverter, a real-time-reconfigurable logic gate, and a dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) cell (see Figure 2). The configuration of the adjustable-threshold inverter is similar to that of an ordinary complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) inverter except that an NMOSFET (a MOSFET having an n-doped channel and a p-doped Si substrate) is replaced by an n-channel G(sup 4)FET

  9. Ireland's Generic Repeat Design Schools Programme

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Sheppard, Tony

    2011-01-01

    The Irish Department of Education and Skills (DoE) is strongly committed to energy efficiency and to reducing CO[subscript 2] by developing and implementing energy level ceilings in relation to school design that aim to remain below half of the accepted good practice in the field. This approach works within normal departmental budgetary limits to…

  10. A portable system for characterizing wildland fire behavior

    Treesearch

    Bret Butler; D. Jimenez; J. Forthofer; K. Shannon; Paul Sopko

    2010-01-01

    A field deployable system for quantifying energy and mass transport in wildland fires is described. The system consists of two enclosures: The first is a sensor/data logger combination package that allows characterization of convective/radiant energy transport in fires. This package contains batteries, a programmable data logger, sensors, and other electronics. The...

  11. Compact fusion energy based on the spherical tokamak

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sykes, A.; Costley, A. E.; Windsor, C. G.; Asunta, O.; Brittles, G.; Buxton, P.; Chuyanov, V.; Connor, J. W.; Gryaznevich, M. P.; Huang, B.; Hugill, J.; Kukushkin, A.; Kingham, D.; Langtry, A. V.; McNamara, S.; Morgan, J. G.; Noonan, P.; Ross, J. S. H.; Shevchenko, V.; Slade, R.; Smith, G.

    2018-01-01

    Tokamak Energy Ltd, UK, is developing spherical tokamaks using high temperature superconductor magnets as a possible route to fusion power using relatively small devices. We present an overview of the development programme including details of the enabling technologies, the key modelling methods and results, and the remaining challenges on the path to compact fusion.

  12. Computer Controlled Portable Greenhouse Climate Control System for Enhanced Energy Efficiency

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Datsenko, Anthony; Myer, Steve; Petties, Albert; Hustek, Ryan; Thompson, Mark

    2010-04-01

    This paper discusses a student project at Kettering University focusing on the design and construction of an energy efficient greenhouse climate control system. In order to maintain acceptable temperatures and stabilize temperature fluctuations in a portable plastic greenhouse economically, a computer controlled climate control system was developed to capture and store thermal energy incident on the structure during daylight periods and release the stored thermal energy during dark periods. The thermal storage mass for the greenhouse system consisted of a water filled base unit. The heat exchanger consisted of a system of PVC tubing. The control system used a programmable LabView computer interface to meet functional specifications that minimized temperature fluctuations and recorded data during operation. The greenhouse was a portable sized unit with a 5' x 5' footprint. Control input sensors were temperature, water level, and humidity sensors and output control devices were fan actuating relays and water fill solenoid valves. A Graphical User Interface was developed to monitor the system, set control parameters, and to provide programmable data recording times and intervals.

  13. Comparison in muscle damage between maximal voluntary and electrically evoked isometric contractions of the elbow flexors.

    PubMed

    Jubeau, Marc; Muthalib, Makii; Millet, Guillaume Y; Maffiuletti, Nicola A; Nosaka, Kazunori

    2012-02-01

    This study compared between maximal voluntary (VOL) and electrically stimulated (ES) isometric contractions of the elbow flexors for changes in indirect markers of muscle damage to investigate whether ES would induce greater muscle damage than VOL. Twelve non-resistance-trained men (23-39 years) performed VOL with one arm and ES with the contralateral arm separated by 2 weeks in a randomised, counterbalanced order. Both VOL and ES (frequency 75 Hz, pulse duration 250 μs, maximally tolerated intensity) exercises consisted of 50 maximal isometric contractions (4-s on, 15-s off) of the elbow flexors at a long muscle length (160°). Changes in maximal voluntary isometric contraction torque (MVC), range of motion, muscle soreness, pressure pain threshold and serum creatine kinase (CK) activity were measured before, immediately after and 1, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h following exercise. The average peak torque over the 50 isometric contractions was greater (P < 0.05) for VOL (32.9 ± 9.8 N m) than ES (16.9 ± 6.3 N m). MVC decreased greater and recovered slower (P < 0.05) after ES (15% lower than baseline at 96 h) than VOL (full recovery). Serum CK activity increased (P < 0.05) only after ES, and the muscles became more sore and tender after ES than VOL (P < 0.05). These results showed that ES induced greater muscle damage than VOL despite the lower torque output during ES. It seems likely that higher mechanical stress imposed on the activated muscle fibres, due to the specificity of motor unit recruitment in ES, resulted in greater muscle damage.

  14. Concentration measurements of biodiesel in engine oil and in diesel fuel

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Mäder, A.; Eskiner, M.; Burger, C.; Ruck, W.; Rossner, M.; Krahl, J.

    2012-05-01

    This work comprised a method for concentration measurements of biodiesel in engine oil as well as biodiesel in diesel fuel by a measurement of the permittivity of the mixture at a frequency range from 100 Hz to 20 kHz. For this purpose a special designed measurement cell with high sensitivity was designed. The results for the concentration measurements of biodiesel in the engine oil and diesel fuel shows linearity to the measurement cell signal for the concentration of biodiesel in the engine oil between 0.5% Vol. to 10% Vol. and for biodiesel in the diesel fuel between 0% Vol. to 100% Vol. The method to measure the concentration of biodiesel in the engine oil or the concentration of biodiesel in the diesel fuel is very accurate and low concentration of about 0.5% Vol. biodiesel in engine oil or in diesel fuel can be measured with high accuracy.

  15. Zeolitic imidazolate framework-coated acoustic sensors for room temperature detection of carbon dioxide and methane.

    PubMed

    Devkota, Jagannath; Kim, Ki-Joong; Ohodnicki, Paul R; Culp, Jeffrey T; Greve, David W; Lekse, Jonathan W

    2018-05-03

    The integration of nanoporous materials such as metal organic frameworks (MOFs) with sensitive transducers can result in robust sensing platforms for monitoring gases and chemical vapors for a range of applications. Here, we report on an integration of the zeolitic imidazolate framework - 8 (ZIF-8) MOF with surface acoustic wave (SAW) and thickness shear mode quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) devices to monitor carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) under ambient conditions. The MOF was directly coated on the Y-Z LiNbO3 SAW delay lines (operating frequency, f0 = 436 MHz) and AT-cut quartz TSM resonators (resonant frequency, f0 = 9 MHz) and the devices were tested for various gases in N2 under ambient conditions. The devices were able to detect the changes in CO2 or CH4 concentrations with relatively higher sensitivity to CO2, which was due to its higher adsorption potential and heavier molecular weight. The sensors showed full reversibility and repeatability which were attributed to the physisorption of the gases into the MOF and high stability of the devices. Both types of sensors showed linear responses relative to changes in the binary gas compositions thereby allowing to construct calibration curves which correlated well with the expected mass changes in the sorbent layer based on mixed-gas gravimetric adsorption isotherms measured on bulk samples. For 200 nm thick films, the SAW sensitivities to CO2 and CH4 were 1.44 × 10-6/vol% and 8 × 10-8/vol%, respectively, against the QCM sensitivities 0.24 × 10-6/vol% and 1 × 10-8/vol%, respectively, which were evaluated as the fractional change in the signal. The SAW sensors were also evaluated for 100 nm-300 nm thick films, the sensitivities of which were found to increase with the thickness due to the increased number of pores for the adsorption of a larger amount of gases. In addition, the MOF-coated SAW delay lines had a good response in wireless mode, demonstrating their potential to operate remotely for the detection of the gases at emission sites across the energy infrastructure.

  16. Electrospun composites of PHBV, silk fibroin and nano-hydroxyapatite for bone tissue engineering.

    PubMed

    Paşcu, Elena I; Stokes, Joseph; McGuinness, Garrett B

    2013-12-01

    Electrospinning of fibrous scaffolds containing nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp) embedded in a matrix of functional biomacromolecules offers an attractive route to mimicking the natural bone tissue architecture. Functional fibrous substrates will support cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation, while the role of HAp is to induce cells to secrete extracellular matrix (ECM) for mineralization to form bone. Electrospinning of biomaterials composed of polyhydroxybutyrate-co-(3-hydroxyvalerate) with 2% valerate fraction (PHBV), nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp), and Bombyx mori silk fibroin essence (SF), Mw=90KDa, has been achieved for nHAp and SF solution concentrations of 2 (w/vol) % each and 5 (w/vol) % each. The structure and properties of the nanocomposite fibrous membranes were investigated by means of Scanning Electron Microscopy in combination with Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (SEM/EDX), Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), uniaxial tensile and compressive mechanical testing, degradation tests and in vitro bioactivity tests. SEM images showed smooth, uniform and continuous fibre deposition with no bead formation, and fibre diameters of between 10 and 15 μm. EDX and FT-IR confirmed the presence of nHAp and SF. After one month in deionised water, tests showed less than 2% weight loss with the samples retaining their fibrous morphology, confirming that this material biodegrades slowly. After 28 days of immersion in Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) an apatite layer was visible on the surface of the fibres, proving their bioactivity. Preliminary in vitro biological assessment showed that after 1 and 3 days in culture, cells were attached to the fibres, retaining their morphology while presenting a flattened appearance and elongated shape on the surface of fibres. Young's modulus was found to increase from 0.7 kPa (±0.33 kPa) for electrospun samples of PHBV only to 1.4 kPa (±0.54 kPa) for samples with 2 (w/vol) % each of nHAp and SF. Samples prepared with 5 (w/vol) % each of nHAp and SF did not show a similar improvement. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  17. Physics in perspective, volume 2. Part B: The interfaces

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1973-01-01

    Detailed information of physics subfields and interface areas are presented. Topics discussed include: astrophysics and relativity, earth and planetary physics, physics in chemistry, physics in biology, instrumentation, education, and dissemination and use of the information of physics. For Vol. 1, see N72-28706; for excerpt from Vol. 1, see N72-29689; for Vol. 2, Pt. A, see N73-15706.

  18. Laser And Microwave Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy: Basis for a New Detection Technique for Chemical and Biological Agents

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2001-06-01

    Chem. , vol. 72, pp. 721A-776A, 2000. [2] V. Majidi and M. R. Joseph, “Spectroscopic applications of laser-induced plasmas,” Crit. Rev. Analyt...Chem., vol. 23, pp. 143-162, 1992. [3] V. Majidi , “Laser-induced plasmas: A versatile tool for chemical analysis,” Spectroscopy, vol. 8, pp. 16-24

  19. Strategic Airpower Elements in Interwar German Air Force Doctrine

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2001-06-01

    Criminals Before the International Military Tribunal, Nuremburg 14 November 1945 - 1 October 1946, vol. 9 ( Nuremburg : International Military Tribunal, 1947...War Criminals Before the International Military Tribunal, Nuremburg 14 November 1945 - 1 October 1946, vol. 9 ( Nuremburg : International Military...Military Tribunal. Trial of the Major War Criminals Before the International Military Tribunal, Nuremburg 14 November 1945 - 1 October 1946, vol. 9

  20. An Exploratory Case Study of Information-Sharing and Collaboration within Air Force Supply Chain Management

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2006-03-01

    International Journal of Production Economics , Vol. 93-94, pp. 53-99, 2005. -----. “Approximate...Optimization of a Two-level Distribution Inventory System,” International Journal of Production Economics , Vol. 81-81, pp. 545-553, 2003...Scaling Down Multi-Echelon Inventory Problems,” International Journal of Production Economics , Vol. 71, pp. 255-261, 2001. Axsater, Sven

  1. AGARD Flight Test Techniques Series. Volume 12. The Principles of Flight Test Assessment of Flight-Safety-Critical Systems in Helicopters (Les Principes de l’Evaluation, dans le Cadre des Essais en Vol, des Systemes Indispensables a la Securite de Vol des Helicopteres)

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1994-08-01

    AGARD-AG-300 Vol. 12 04 ADVISORY GROUP FOR AEROSPACE RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT 7 RUE ANCELLE, 92200 NEUILLY-SUR-SEINE, FRANCE AUG 0195 AGARDograph 300...AGARD Flight Test Techniques Series Volume 12 on The Principles of Flight Test Assessment of Flight-Safety-Critical Systems in Helicopters (Les...and Availability on Back Cover AGARD-AG-300 Vol. 12 ADVISORY GROUP FOR AEROSPACE RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT 7 RUE ANCELLE, 92200 NEUILLY-SUR-SEINE, FRANCE

  2. Elevated-Temperature Mechanical Properties of Lead-Free Sn-0.7Cu- xSiC Nanocomposite Solders

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Mohammadi, A.; Mahmudi, R.

    2018-02-01

    Mechanical properties of Sn-0.7 wt.%Cu lead-free solder alloy reinforced with 0 vol.%, 1 vol.%, 2 vol.%, and 3 vol.% 100-nm SiC particles have been assessed using the shear punch testing technique in the temperature range from 25°C to 125°C. The composite materials were fabricated by the powder metallurgy route by blending, compacting, sintering, and finally extrusion. The 2 vol.% SiC-containing composite showed superior mechanical properties. In all conditions, the shear strength was adversely affected by increasing test temperature, and the 2 vol.% SiC-containing composite showed superior mechanical properties. Depending on the test temperature, the shear yield stress and ultimate shear strength increased, respectively, by 3 MPa to 4 MPa and 4 MPa to 5.5 MPa, in the composite materials. The strength enhancement was mostly attributed to the Orowan particle strengthening mechanism due to the SiC nanoparticles, and to a lesser extent to the coefficient of thermal expansion mismatch between the particles and matrix in the composite solder. A modified shear lag model was used to predict the total strengthening achieved by particle addition, based on the contribution of each of the above mechanisms.

  3. Study of self-ion irradiated nanostructured ferritic alloy (NFA) and silicon carbide-nanostructured ferritic alloy (SiC-NFA) cladding materials

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ning, Kaijie; Bai, Xianming; Lu, Kathy

    2018-07-01

    Silicon carbide-nanostructured ferritic alloy (SiC-NFA) materials are expected to have the beneficial properties of each component for advanced nuclear claddings. Fabrication of pure NFA (0 vol% SiC-100 vol% NFA) and SiC-NFAs (2.5 vol% SiC-97.5 vol% NFA, 5 vol% SiC-95 vol% NFA) has been reported in our previous work. This paper is focused on the study of radiation damage in these materials under 5 MeV Fe++ ion irradiation with a dose up to ∼264 dpa. It is found that the material surfaces are damaged to high roughness with irregularly shaped ripples, which can be explained by the Bradley-Harper (B-H) model. The NFA matrix shows ion irradiation induced defect clusters and small dislocation loops, while the crystalline structure is maintained. Reaction products of Fe3Si and Cr23C6 are identified in the SiC-NFA materials, with the former having a partially crystalline structure but the latter having a fully amorphous structure upon irradiation. The different radiation damage behaviors of NFA, Fe3Si, and Cr23C6 are explained using the defect reaction rate theory.

  4. Geology and radiometric dating of Quaternary monogenetic volcanism in the western Zacapu lacustrine basin (Michoacán, México): implications for archeology and future hazard evaluations

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Reyes-Guzmán, Nanci; Siebe, Claus; Chevrel, Magdalena Oryaëlle; Guilbaud, Marie-Noëlle; Salinas, Sergio; Layer, Paul

    2018-02-01

    The Zacapu lacustrine basin is located in the north-central part of the Michoacán-Guanajuato volcanic field (MGVF), which constitutes the west-central segment of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt. Geological mapping of a 395 km2 quadrangle encompassing the western margin of the basin, 40Ar/39Ar and 14C radiometric dating, whole-rock chemical and petrographic analyses of volcanic products provide information on the stratigraphy, erupted volumes, age, and composition of the volcanoes. Although volcanism in the MGVF initiated since at least 5 Ma ago, rocks in the western Zacapu lacustrine basin are all younger than 2.1 Ma. A total of 47 volcanoes were identified and include 19 viscous lava flows ( 40 vol.%), 17 scoria cones with associated lava flows ( 36 vol.%), seven lava shields ( 15 vol.%), three domes ( 6 vol.%), and one maar ( 2 vol.%). Erupted products are dominantly andesites with 42 km3 ( 86 vol.%) followed by 4 km3 of dacite ( 8 vol.%), 1.4 km3 of basaltic trachy-andesite ( 3 vol.%), 1 km3 of basaltic andesite ( 2 vol.%), and 0.14 km3 of rhyolite ( 0.3 vol.%). Eruptive centers are commonly aligned ENE-WSW following the direction of the regional Cuitzeo Fault System. Over time, the high frequency of eruptions and consequent accumulation of lavas and pyroclastic materials pushed the lake's shore stepwise toward the southeast. Eruptions appear to have clustered through time. One cluster occurred during the Late Pleistocene between 27,000 and 21,300 BC when four volcanoes erupted. A second cluster formed during the Late Holocene, between 1500 BC and AD 900, when four closely spaced monogenetic vents erupted forming thick viscous `a'a to blocky flows on the margin of the lacustrine flats. For still poorly understood reasons, these apparently inhospitable lava flows were attractive to human settlement and eventually became one of the most densely populated heartlands of the pre-Hispanic Tarascan civilization. With an average eruption recurrence interval of 900 years during the Late Holocene the western Zacapu lacustrine basin is one of the most active areas in the MGVF and should hence be of focal interest for regional volcanic risk evaluations.

  5. Dynamic and programmable self-assembly of micro-rafts at the air-water interface

    PubMed Central

    Wang, Wendong; Giltinan, Joshua; Zakharchenko, Svetlana; Sitti, Metin

    2017-01-01

    Dynamic self-assembled material systems constantly consume energy to maintain their spatiotemporal structures and functions. Programmable self-assembly translates information from individual parts to the collective whole. Combining dynamic and programmable self-assembly in a single platform opens up the possibilities to investigate both types of self-assembly simultaneously and to explore their synergy. This task is challenging because of the difficulty in finding suitable interactions that are both dissipative and programmable. We present a dynamic and programmable self-assembling material system consisting of spinning at the air-water interface circular magnetic micro-rafts of radius 50 μm and with cosinusoidal edge-height profiles. The cosinusoidal edge-height profiles not only create a net dissipative capillary repulsion that is sustained by continuous torque input but also enable directional assembly of micro-rafts. We uncover the layered arrangement of micro-rafts in the patterns formed by dynamic self-assembly and offer mechanistic insights through a physical model and geometric analysis. Furthermore, we demonstrate programmable self-assembly and show that a 4-fold rotational symmetry encoded in individual micro-rafts translates into 90° bending angles and square-based tiling in the assembled structures of micro-rafts. We anticipate that our dynamic and programmable material system will serve as a model system for studying nonequilibrium dynamics and statistical mechanics in the future. PMID:28560332

  6. Dynamic and programmable self-assembly of micro-rafts at the air-water interface.

    PubMed

    Wang, Wendong; Giltinan, Joshua; Zakharchenko, Svetlana; Sitti, Metin

    2017-05-01

    Dynamic self-assembled material systems constantly consume energy to maintain their spatiotemporal structures and functions. Programmable self-assembly translates information from individual parts to the collective whole. Combining dynamic and programmable self-assembly in a single platform opens up the possibilities to investigate both types of self-assembly simultaneously and to explore their synergy. This task is challenging because of the difficulty in finding suitable interactions that are both dissipative and programmable. We present a dynamic and programmable self-assembling material system consisting of spinning at the air-water interface circular magnetic micro-rafts of radius 50 μm and with cosinusoidal edge-height profiles. The cosinusoidal edge-height profiles not only create a net dissipative capillary repulsion that is sustained by continuous torque input but also enable directional assembly of micro-rafts. We uncover the layered arrangement of micro-rafts in the patterns formed by dynamic self-assembly and offer mechanistic insights through a physical model and geometric analysis. Furthermore, we demonstrate programmable self-assembly and show that a 4-fold rotational symmetry encoded in individual micro-rafts translates into 90° bending angles and square-based tiling in the assembled structures of micro-rafts. We anticipate that our dynamic and programmable material system will serve as a model system for studying nonequilibrium dynamics and statistical mechanics in the future.

  7. Energy policy of the Czech Republic

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Cerny, M.

    1995-12-01

    On February 16, 1992, the Government of the Czech Republic sanctioned, by its Decree No. 112/82, its first Energy Policy. Since that time, a number of conditions have changed: first of all, there was the partition of the former Federal Czechoslovak Republic, then the privatization of most of energy producing corporations, the deregulation of a significant proportion of power and energy commodities, the decision to bring to an end the construction of the Temelin nuclear power station, the creation of conditions for the construction of the Ingoldstadt oil pipeline, etc. These steps, on which the final decisions have been made,more » have brought about the necessity of updating the existing general Energy Policy. The updated Energy Policy is based on the Programme Statement by the Government of the Czech Republic of July 1992, as well as on other materials associated with energy and power generation, either approved or negotiated by the Government, in particular the State Environmental Policy the Rules of the State Raw Materials Policy, the European Association Agreement, the European Energy Charter, the results of the Uruguayan Round of GATT, the Convention on Climate Changes, the Ecological Action Programme for central and East-European countries, and other international documents that have either been, or are likely to be sanctioned by the Czech Government (especially the European Energy Charter Treaty, and the protocol on Trans-boundary Air Pollution and on Further Reduction of Sulphur Oxide Emissions).« less

  8. Educational Buildings and the Environment: Report of an International Seminar Organised by the OECD Programme on Educational Building (PEB) in Co-operation with the Austrian Ministry of Education and Art and the Austrian Institute for School and Sports Facilities. Decentralised Programme on Educational Building.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Ottel, Rupprecht

    Educational buildings relate to their environment in many ways that affect the surrounding community such as overall appearance, energy consumption, and waste production. This report examines these issues and identifies how educational buildings can contribute to the conservation and protection of the environment. It explores these issues in three…

  9. Tissue banking in Asia Pacific region: past, present and future.

    PubMed

    Nather, Aziz; Mandy, Foong Shi Yun; Ning, Tan; Kaiying, Wang

    2018-04-25

    Tissue banking in the Asia Pacific regions is driven by two main forces-firstly the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) via Regional Co-operative Agreement projects and secondly by the Asia Pacific Association of Surgical Tissue Banking (APASTB). This overview is written in three sections: (1) History of tissue banking in individual country in the region. (2) History of APASTB. (3) History of IAEA programme in Asia Pacific region. The current status and future of the tissue banking programme in the region will be discussed.

  10. Radiation testing campaign results for understanding the suitability of FPGAs in detector electronics

    DOE PAGES

    Citterio, M.; Camplani, A.; Cannon, M.; ...

    2015-11-19

    SRAM based Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) have been rarely used in High Energy Physics (HEP) due to their sensitivity to radiation. The last generation of commercial FPGAs based on 28 nm feature size and on Silicon On Insulator (SOI) technologies are more tolerant to radiation to the level that their use in front-end electronics is now feasible. FPGAs provide re-programmability, high-speed computation and fast data transmission through the embedded serial transceivers. They could replace custom application specific integrated circuits in front end electronics in locations with moderate radiation field. Finally, the use of a FPGA in HEP experiments ismore » only limited by our ability to mitigate single event effects induced by the high energy hadrons present in the radiation field.« less

  11. Programming Chemical Reaction Networks Using Intramolecular Conformational Motions of DNA.

    PubMed

    Lai, Wei; Ren, Lei; Tang, Qian; Qu, Xiangmeng; Li, Jiang; Wang, Lihua; Li, Li; Fan, Chunhai; Pei, Hao

    2018-06-22

    The programmable regulation of chemical reaction networks (CRNs) represents a major challenge toward the development of complex molecular devices performing sophisticated motions and functions. Nevertheless, regulation of artificial CRNs is generally energy- and time-intensive as compared to natural regulation. Inspired by allosteric regulation in biological CRNs, we herein develop an intramolecular conformational motion strategy (InCMS) for programmable regulation of DNA CRNs. We design a DNA switch as the regulatory element to program the distance between the toehold and branch migration domain. The presence of multiple conformational transitions leads to wide-range kinetic regulation spanning over 4 orders of magnitude. Furthermore, the process of energy-cost-free strand exchange accompanied by conformational change discriminates single base mismatches. Our strategy thus provides a simple yet effective approach for dynamic programming of complex CRNs.

  12. Stationary table CT dosimetry and anomalous scanner-reported values of CTDI{sub vol}

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Dixon, Robert L., E-mail: rdixon@wfubmc.edu; Boone, John M.

    2014-01-15

    Purpose: Anomalous, scanner-reported values of CTDI{sub vol} for stationary phantom/table protocols (having elevated values of CTDI{sub vol} over 300% higher than the actual dose to the phantom) have been observed; which are well-beyond the typical accuracy expected of CTDI{sub vol} as a phantom dose. Recognition of these outliers as “bad data” is important to users of CT dose index tracking systems (e.g., ACR DIR), and a method for recognition and correction is provided. Methods: Rigorous methods and equations are presented which describe the dose distributions for stationary-table CT. A comparison with formulae for scanner-reported values of CTDI{sub vol} clearly identifiesmore » the source of these anomalies. Results: For the stationary table, use of the CTDI{sub 100} formula (applicable to a moving phantom only) overestimates the dose due to extra scatter and also includes an overbeaming correction, both of which are nonexistent when the phantom (or patient) is held stationary. The reported DLP remains robust for the stationary phantom. Conclusions: The CTDI-paradigm does not apply in the case of a stationary phantom and simpler nonintegral equations suffice. A method of correction of the currently reported CTDI{sub vol} using the approach-to-equilibrium formula H(a) and an overbeaming correction factor serves to scale the reported CTDI{sub vol} values to more accurate levels for stationary-table CT, as well as serving as an indicator in the detection of “bad data.”.« less

  13. Non-invasive ventilation effectiveness and the effect of ventilatory mode on survival in ALS patients.

    PubMed

    Sancho, Jesus; Servera, Emilio; Morelot-Panzini, Capucine; Salachas, François; Similowski, Thomas; Gonzalez-Bermejo, Jesus

    2014-03-01

    Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) prolongs survival in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), but there are no data with which to compare the effectiveness of the different ventilator modes - volume (Vol-NIV) or pressure-cycled (Pres-NIV) ventilation - in ALS. We aimed to determine whether the ventilatory mode has an effect on ventilation effectiveness and survival of ALS patients using NIV. We used a retrospective study that included all ALS patients for whom NIV was indicated in two referral units: one using Vol-NIV and the other using Pres-NIV. Demographic, functional and nocturnal gas exchange parameters at NIV initiation were recorded. Eighty-two ALS patients ventilated using Pres-NIV and 62 using Vol-NIV were included. No differences were found in survival from NIV initiation between Vol-NIV (median 15.00 (7.48-22.41) months) and Pres-NIV (median 15.00 (10.25-19.75) months, p = 0.533) patients. Effective NIV was achieved in 72.41% Vol-NIV patients and in 48.78% Pres-NIV patients (p < 0.001). Ventilator mode (OR 12.066 (4.251-32.270), p < 0.001) and severity of bulbar dysfunction (OR 1.07 (1.011-1.133), p = 0.02) were the variables correlated with effective NIV. In conclusion, although Vol-NIV provides more effective ventilation, Vol-NIV and Pres-NIV present similar survival in ALS. Effectiveness of NIV is related to the severity of bulbar dysfunction.

  14. Quantum Chemical Study of Rare Gas/Halide Interactions as a Model for High Energy Density Material. 1. Transition Properties in HC1

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1994-11-01

    separation of a stable, negatively charged exciplex such as (ClXe2)- and a self- trapped positive hole (STi) localized on a Xe+ (n = 2-3) molecule. The first...solid to form Xe + HO + 2hv -- Xe÷ (HCI)-, which quickly reacts with another Xe atom to form the more stable tri-atomic exciplex X407. This exciplex ...Transfer Reaction Dynamics in Rare Gas Solids. I. Photodynamics of Localized Xenon Chloride Exciplexes ." Journal of Chemical Physics. vol. 85, p. 5660

  15. The Nature, Number and Evolution of Hot-Spots in Ammonium Nitrate

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Proud, W. G.; Kirby, I. J.; Field, J. E.

    2004-07-01

    Ammonium nitrate (AN) is a commonly used fertiliser and also one component of the most widely used explosive in the world AN: Fuel Oil mixtures. This study uses a combination of high-speed photography, UV/Visible spectroscopy and modelling. By using thin beds, <0.5 mm thick, with a porosity of 22%vol the number and evolution of hot-spots in ammonium nitrate are monitored directly under dynamic loading conditions. The critical conditions for ignition are defined in terms of energy localisation mechanisms, temperature rise and inter-communication between the hot-spots.

  16. An Adaptive H infinity Control Algorithm for Jitter Control and Target Tracking in a Directed Energy Weapon

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2012-05-16

    large size and lack of efficiency of current technology after initial review. In the 1990’s the Air Force designed and produced a high- altitude ...Forden, G.E., "The airborne laser," Spectrum, IEEE , vol.34, no.9, pp.40-49, Sep 1997 10 altitude of 40,000 ft. the atmosphere was much clearer...distance remains the same. OT-5 provides a relative position of beam center on the detector. Two voltage outputs are given corresponding to x-axis location

  17. High-speed flight propulsion systems. Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics. Vol. 137

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Murthy, S.N.B.; Curran, E.T.

    1991-01-01

    Various papers on high-speed flight propulsion systems are presented. The topics addressed are: propulsion systems from takeoff to high-speed flight, propulsion system performance and integration for high Mach air-breathing flight, energy analysis of high-speed flight systems, waves and thermodynamics in high Mach number propulsive ducts, turbulent free shear layer mixing and combustion, turbulent mixing in supersonic combustion systems, mixing and mixing enhancement in supersonic reacting flowfields, study of combustion and heat-exchange processes in high-enthalpy short-duration facilities, and facility requirements for hypersonic propulsion system testing.

  18. Material Problems for High-Temperature, High-Power Space Energy-Conversion Systems.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1984-05-01

    M. Takahashi, S. Nanamaku, and M. Kimura , "The growth of ferroelectric single crystal Sr 2 Mb2 0 7 by means of F.Z. technique," J. of Crystal Growth...Holsbeke, "Preparation and characterization of high purity vanadium by EBFZM," J. of Less Common Metals, Vol. 39, 7-16 (1975). 18. S. Takai and H. Kimura ... uranium system from room temperature to 900 0C. The composition of maximum hardness increased from 40 atomic percent (a/o) zirconium at room ’ 69

  19. Crimp-Imbalanced Protective (CRIMP) Fabrics: An Analytical Investigation into the Relationship Between Crimp Contents, Energy Absorption, and Fabric Ballistic Performance

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2010-09-15

    migration and yarn stretching. These mechanisms relate to the force required to pull a yarn out from the fabric. If the fabric is made of low...the following assumptions were made : The fabric architecture is plain-woven. The yarns have a circular cross section with diameter D equal to 1.0... Bulletproof Aramid Fabric," Journal of Materials Science, vol. 32, pp. 4167-4173, 1997. 16. D. A. Shockey, D. C. Erlich, and J. W. Simons, "Improved

  20. Wall-crossing between stable and co-stable ADHM data

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ohkawa, Ryo

    2018-06-01

    We prove formula between Nekrasov partition functions defined from stable and co-stable ADHM data for the plane following method by Nakajima and Yoshioka (Kyoto J Math 51(2):263-335, 2011) based on the theory of wall-crossing formula developed by Mochizuki (Donaldson type invariants for algebraic surfaces: transition of moduli stacks, Lecture notes in mathematics, vol 1972, Springer, Berlin, 2009). This formula is similar to conjectures by Ito et al. [J High Energy Phys 2013(5):045, 2013, (4.1), (4.2)] for A1 singularity.

  1. Aerodynamics and Acoustics of Propellers, Conference Proceedings of the Fluid Dynamics Symposium Held at Toronto, Canada on 1-4 October 1984

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1985-02-01

    stationnaire. Le Systeme pseudo-instationnaire est constrult en rempla^ant 1 equation de 1’energie le) par la condition de rothalpie uniforme I ■ cte et...la definition de nouvelles helices permet des gains substantiels pour tout le domaine de vol et, notanment, au decollage et en montee. Nous...etudes d’un tel Systeme sont effectuees et I’essai d’une maquette dans la grande soufflerie transsonique SI de Modane est prevu en 1985. On presente

  2. Mary, a Pipeline to Aid Discovery of Optical Transients

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Andreoni, I.; Jacobs, C.; Hegarty, S.; Pritchard, T.; Cooke, J.; Ryder, S.

    2017-09-01

    The ability to quickly detect transient sources in optical images and trigger multi-wavelength follow up is key for the discovery of fast transients. These include events rare and difficult to detect such as kilonovae, supernova shock breakout, and `orphan' Gamma-ray Burst afterglows. We present the Mary pipeline, a (mostly) automated tool to discover transients during high-cadenced observations with the Dark Energy Camera at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO). The observations are part of the `Deeper Wider Faster' programme, a multi-facility, multi-wavelength programme designed to discover fast transients, including counterparts to Fast Radio Bursts and gravitational waves. Our tests of the Mary pipeline on Dark Energy Camera images return a false positive rate of 2.2% and a missed fraction of 3.4% obtained in less than 2 min, which proves the pipeline to be suitable for rapid and high-quality transient searches. The pipeline can be adapted to search for transients in data obtained with imagers other than Dark Energy Camera.

  3. Optimized Ion Energy Profiles for Heavy Ion Direct Drive Targets

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hay, Michael J.; Barnard, John J.; Perkins, L. John; Logan, B. Grant

    2009-11-01

    Recent 1-D implosion calculations [1] have characterized pure-DT targets delivering gains of 50-90 with less than 0.5 MJ of heavy ion direct drive. With a payload fraction of 1/3, these low-aspect ratio targets operate near the peak of rocket efficiency and achieve ˜10% overall coupling efficiencies (vs. the 15-20% efficiencies analytically predicted for less stable, higher-aspect ratio targets). In Ref. 1, the ion energy is ramped directly from a 50 MeV foot pulse to a 500 MeV main pulse. In this paper, we instead tune the ion energy throughout the drive to closely match the beam deposition with the inward progress of the ablation front. We will present the ion energy and intensity time histories that maximize drive efficiency and gain for a single target at constant integrated drive energy. [1] L. J. Perkins, B. G. Logan, J. J. Barnard, and M. J. Hay. ``High Efficiency High Gain Heavy Ion Direct Drive Targets,'' Bulletin of the American Physical Society, vol. 54: DPP, Nov. 2009.

  4. Small, Short Duration Technical Team Dynamics

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2006-05-01

    Organizations and a Strategy of Implementation. Academy of Management Journal. Vol. October, pp. 98-111. Ivancevich , John M. 1974. A Study of a Cognitive...Training Program: Trainer Styles and Group Development. Academy of Management Journal. Vol. 17, No. 3, p. 428. 315 Ivancevich , John M. and J...Vol. 90, pp. 141-153. Lyon , J. Michael. 2003. Mentoring of Scientists and Engineers: Dyadic and Formality Effects on Career Development and

  5. Survey of Research into Electromagnetic and Other Wave Effects on Mechanical Behavior and Processing of Materials

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1992-01-01

    Suisse des Electriciens, Vol. 64, No. 16, 1973, 991-997. 469. U. Becker, and G. Strese, "Welding of Plastics", Kunststoffe , Vol. 59, No. 10, 1969, 679-684...Magnetic Fields", Kautschuk und Gummi Kunststoffe , Vol. 39, No. 12, 1986, 1182-1185. 681. T. A. Manko, A. N. Kvasha, A. V. Solovev, and I. M. Ermolaev

  6. Identification des parametres du moteur de l'avion Cessna Citation X pour la phase de croisiere a partir des tests en vol et a base des reseaux de neurones =

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zaag, Mahdi

    La disponibilite des modeles precis des avions est parmi les elements cles permettant d'assurer leurs ameliorations. Ces modeles servent a ameliorer les commandes de vol et de concevoir de nouveaux systemes aerodynamiques pour la conception des ailes deformables des avions. Ce projet consiste a concevoir un systeme d'identification de certains parametres du modele du moteur de l'avion d'affaires americain Cessna Citation X pour la phase de croisiere a partir des essais en vol. Ces essais ont ete effectues sur le simulateur de vol concu et fabrique par CAE Inc. qui possede le niveau D de la dynamique de vol. En effet, le niveau D est le plus haut niveau de precision donne par l'autorite federale de reglementation FAA de l'aviation civile aux Etats-Unis. Une methodologie basee sur les reseaux de neurones optimises a l'aide d'un algorithme intitule le "grand deluge etendu" est utilisee dans la conception de ce systeme d'identification. Plusieurs tests de vol pour differentes altitudes et differents nombres de Mach ont ete realises afin de s'en servir comme bases de donnees pour l'apprentissage des reseaux de neurones. La validation de ce modele a ete realisee a l'aide des donnees du simulateur. Malgre la nonlinearite et la complexite du systeme, les parametres du moteur ont ete tres bien predits pour une enveloppe de vol determinee. Ce modele estime pourrait etre utilise pour des analyses de fonctionnement du moteur et pourrait assurer le controle de l'avion pendant cette phase de croisiere. L'identification des parametres du moteur pourrait etre realisee aussi pour les autres phases de montee et de descente afin d'obtenir son modele complet pour toute l'enveloppe du vol de l'avion Cessna Citation X (montee, croisiere, descente). Cette methode employee dans ce travail pourrait aussi etre efficace pour realiser un modele pour l'identification des coefficients aerodynamiques du meme avion a partir toujours des essais en vol. None None None

  7. A Comparison of Four Gravimetric Fine Particle Sampling Methods.

    PubMed

    Yanosky, Jeff D; Maclntosh, David L

    2001-06-01

    A study was conducted to compare four gravimetric methods of measuring fine particle (PM 2.5 ) concentrations in air: the BGI, Inc. PQ200 Federal Reference Method PM 2.5 (FRM) sampler; the Harvard-Marple Impactor (HI); the BGI, Inc. GK2.05 KTL Respirable/Thoracic Cyclone (KTL); and the AirMetrics MiniVol (MiniVol). Pairs of FRM, HI, and KTL samplers and one MiniVol sampler were collocated and 24-hr integrated PM 2.5 samples were collected on 21 days from January 6 through April 9, 2000. The mean and standard deviation of PM 2.5 levels from the FRM samplers were 13.6 and 6.8 μg/m 3 , respectively. Significant systematic bias was found between mean concentrations from the FRM and the MiniVol (1.14 μg/m 3 , p = 0.0007), the HI and the MiniVol (0.85 μg/m 3 , p = 0.0048), and the KTL and the MiniVol (1.23 μg/m 3 , p = 0.0078) according to paired t test analyses. Linear regression on all pairwise combinations of the sampler types was used to evaluate measurements made by the samplers. None of the regression intercepts was significantly different from 0, and only two of the regression slopes were significantly different from 1, that for the FRM and the MiniVol [β 1 = 0.91, 95% CI (0.83-0.99)] and that for the KTL and the MiniVol [ = 0.88, 95% CI (0.78-0.98)]. Regression R 2 terms were 0.96 or greater between all pairs of samplers, and regression root mean square error terms (RMSE) were 1.65 μg/m 3 or less. These results suggest that the MiniVol will underestimate measurements made by the FRM, the HI, and the KTL by an amount proportional to PM 2.5 concentration. Nonetheless, these results indicate that all of the sampler types are comparable if ~10% variation on the mean levels and on individual measurement levels is considered acceptable and the actual concentration is within the range of this study (5-35 μg/m 3 ).

  8. A comparison of four gravimetric fine particle sampling methods.

    PubMed

    Yanosky, J D; MacIntosh, D L

    2001-06-01

    A study was conducted to compare four gravimetric methods of measuring fine particle (PM2.5) concentrations in air: the BGI, Inc. PQ200 Federal Reference Method PM2.5 (FRM) sampler; the Harvard-Marple Impactor (HI); the BGI, Inc. GK2.05 KTL Respirable/Thoracic Cyclone (KTL); and the AirMetrics MiniVol (MiniVol). Pairs of FRM, HI, and KTL samplers and one MiniVol sampler were collocated and 24-hr integrated PM2.5 samples were collected on 21 days from January 6 through April 9, 2000. The mean and standard deviation of PM2.5 levels from the FRM samplers were 13.6 and 6.8 microg/m3, respectively. Significant systematic bias was found between mean concentrations from the FRM and the MiniVol (1.14 microg/m3, p = 0.0007), the HI and the MiniVol (0.85 microg/m3, p = 0.0048), and the KTL and the MiniVol (1.23 microg/m3, p = 0.0078) according to paired t test analyses. Linear regression on all pairwise combinations of the sampler types was used to evaluate measurements made by the samplers. None of the regression intercepts was significantly different from 0, and only two of the regression slopes were significantly different from 1, that for the FRM and the MiniVol [beta1 = 0.91, 95% CI (0.83-0.99)] and that for the KTL and the MiniVol [beta1 = 0.88, 95% CI (0.78-0.98)]. Regression R2 terms were 0.96 or greater between all pairs of samplers, and regression root mean square error terms (RMSE) were 1.65 microg/m3 or less. These results suggest that the MiniVol will underestimate measurements made by the FRM, the HI, and the KTL by an amount proportional to PM2.5 concentration. Nonetheless, these results indicate that all of the sampler types are comparable if approximately 10% variation on the mean levels and on individual measurement levels is considered acceptable and the actual concentration is within the range of this study (5-35 microg/m3).

  9. Engaging Pupils in the Science, Engineering and Technology of a Low-Energy School

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Charnley, Fiona; Fleming, Paul; Fleming, Margaret; Mill, Greig

    2010-01-01

    The UK Government's Building Schools for the Future programme has provided schools with a unique opportunity to improve education for sustainable development substantially by giving pupils the chance to study within a real-life context. This article documents an engagement project in which experts in low-energy building design are facilitating…

  10. 3rd IAGA/ICMA Workshop on Vertical Coupling in the Atmosphere/Ionosphere System/ Abstract

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2007-01-10

    energy and momentum from the lower atmosphere to the upper atmosphere and ionosphere and vice versa. The programme focussed on various aspects and...ICMA Workshop Vertical Coupling in the Atmosphere/Ionosphere System - 6 - The influence of global dependence of gravity wave energy in the troposphere...transport during the polar night of thermospheric odd nitrogen produced by lower- energy electron precipitation and solar extreme UV fluxes. However, at low

  11. A THz plasmonics perfect absorber and Fabry-Perot cavity mechanism (Conference Presentation)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhou, Jiangfeng; Bhattarai, Khagendra; Silva, Sinhara; Jeon, Jiyeon; Kim, Junoh; Lee, Sang Jun; Ku, Zahyun

    2016-10-01

    The plasmonic metamaterial perfect absorber (MPA) is a recently developed branch of metamaterial which exhibits nearly unity absorption within certain frequency range.[1-6] The optically thin MPA possesses characteristic features of angular-independence, high Q-factor and strong field localization that have inspired a wide range of applications including electromagnetic wave absorption,[3, 7, 8] spatial[6] and spectral[5] modulation of light,[9] selective thermal emission,[9] thermal detecting[10] and refractive index sensing for gas[11] and liquid[12, 13] targets. In this work, we demonstrate a MPA working at terahertz (THz) regime and characterize it using an ultrafast THz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS). Our study reveal an ultra-thin Fabry-Perot cavity mechanism compared to the impedance matching mechanism widely adopted in previous study [1-6]. Our results also shows higher-order resonances when the cavities length increases. These higher order modes exhibits much larger Q-factor that can benefit potential sensing and imaging applications. [1] C. M. Watts, X. L. Liu, and W. J. Padilla, "Metamaterial Electromagnetic Wave Absorbers," Advanced Materials, vol. 24, pp. 98-120, Jun 19 2012. [2] M. Hedayati, F. Faupel, and M. Elbahri, "Review of Plasmonic Nanocomposite Metamaterial Absorber," Materials, vol. 7, pp. 1221-1248, 2014. [3] N. I. Landy, S. Sajuyigbe, J. J. Mock, D. R. Smith, and W. J. Padilla, "Perfect metamaterial absorber," Physical Review Letters, vol. 100, p. 207402, May 23 2008. [4] H. R. Seren, G. R. Keiser, L. Cao, J. Zhang, A. C. Strikwerda, K. Fan, et al., "Optically Modulated Multiband Terahertz Perfect Absorber," Advanced Optical Materials, vol. 2, pp. 1221-1226, 2014. [5] D. Shrekenhamer, J. Montoya, S. Krishna, and W. J. Padilla, "Four-Color Metamaterial Absorber THz Spatial Light Modulator," Advanced Optical Materials, vol. 1, pp. 905-909, 2013. [6] S. Savo, D. Shrekenhamer, and W. J. Padilla, "Liquid Crystal Metamaterial Absorber Spatial Light Modulator for THz Applications," Advanced Optical Materials, vol. 2, pp. 275-279, 2014. [7] H. Tao, N. I. Landy, C. M. Bingham, X. Zhang, R. D. Averitt, and W. J. Padilla, "A metamaterial absorber for the terahertz regime: Design, fabrication and characterization," Optics Express, vol. 16, pp. 7181-7188, May 12 2008. [8] J. Hao, J. Wang, X. Liu, W. J. Padilla, L. Zhou, and M. Qiu, "High performance optical absorber based on a plasmonic metamaterial," Applied Physics Letters, vol. 96, p. 251104, 2010. [9] X. Liu, T. Tyler, T. Starr, A. F. Starr, N. M. Jokerst, and W. J. Padilla, "Taming the Blackbody with Infrared Metamaterials as Selective Thermal Emitters," Physical Review Letters, vol. 107, p. 045901, 07/18/ 2011. [10] T. Maier and H. Brückl, "Wavelength-tunable microbolometers with metamaterial absorbers," Optics Letters, vol. 34, pp. 3012-3014, 2009/10/01 2009. [11] A. Tittl, P. Mai, R. Taubert, D. Dregely, N. Liu, and H. Giessen, "Palladium-Based Plasmonic Perfect Absorber in the Visible Wavelength Range and Its Application to Hydrogen Sensing," Nano Letters, vol. 11, pp. 4366-4369, 2011/10/12 2011. [12] N. Liu, M. Mesch, T. Weiss, M. Hentschel, and H. Giessen, "Infrared Perfect Absorber and Its Application As Plasmonic Sensor," Nano Letters, vol. 10, pp. 2342-2348, Jul 2010. [13] G. H. Li, X. S. Chen, O. P. Li, C. X. Shao, Y. Jiang, L. J. Huang, et al., "A novel plasmonic resonance sensor based on an infrared perfect absorber," Journal of Physics D-Applied Physics, vol. 45, p. 205102, May 23 2012.

  12. 'For me it's about not feeling like I'm on a diet': a thematic analysis of women's experiences of an intermittent energy restricted diet to reduce breast cancer risk.

    PubMed

    Donnelly, L S; Shaw, R L; Pegington, M; Armitage, C J; Evans, D G; Howell, A; Harvie, M N

    2018-06-21

    Weight-loss programmes requiring intermittent energy restriction offer an alternative to continuous energy restriction programmes that typically have low adherence. We reported greater weight loss, better adherence and spontaneous reduced energy intake on healthy eating days with intermittent as opposed to continuous energy restriction. The present study aims to explore why intermittent energy restriction diets exert these positive effects. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with 13 women aged 39-62 years, who followed a 4-month intermittent energy restriction (2 days of low energy/low carbohydrate, 5 days of healthy eating). Nine of the 13 women successfully lost >5% of their total body weight. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. The intermittent regimen redefined the meaning of dieting and normal eating. Women reconceptualised dieting as only two low energy days per week, even though this often differed from their pre-diet eating patterns. Women reported that they could adhere more closely to the rules of the intermittent diet compared to previously attempted continuous diets. They found that the intermittent diet was less cognitively demanding because the restrictive and clear rules of the intermittent diet were easier to understand and easier to follow than with continuous dieting. Many participants found intermittent dieting preferable to previous experiences of continuous dieting. The findings provide some insight into the ways in which intermittent dieting is successful, and why it could be considered a viable alternative to continuous energy restriction for weight loss. © 2018 The British Dietetic Association Ltd.

  13. Challenges of deploying nuclear energy for power generation in Malaysia

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Jaafar, Mohd Zamzam; Nazaruddin, Nurul Huda; Lye, Jonathan Tan Thiam

    2017-01-01

    Under the 10th Malaysia Plan (2010-2015) and the Economic Transformation Programme (ETP), nuclear energy was identified as a potential long-term option to be explored for electricity generation in Peninsular Malaysia. The energy sector in Malaysia currently faces several concerns including depleting domestic gas supply which will affect security and reliability of supply as well as overdependance on fossil fuels - mainly gas and imported coal, and nuclear energy may offer a possible solution to these issues as well as global climate change concern. Pursuing the nuclear option, Malaysia Nuclear Power Corporation (MNPC) is undertaking a series of comprehensive studies to facilitate an informed Government decision on the matter. This paper aims to discuss the many challenges towards the peaceful use of nuclear energy for electricity generation in the context of the New Energy Policy 2010 to achieve a balanced and sustainable energy mix. This effort will continue in the 11th Malaysia Plan (2016-2020) with emphasis on implementing a comprehensive communications plan and public awareness programme for the potential use of nuclear energy in the future. In analysing the challenges for the development of nuclear energy in Malaysia, the traditional triple bottom line (TBL) framework for sustainability, encompassing economic, social and environmental objectives is utilized. An additional factor, technical, is also included in the analysis to provide a more holistic view. It is opined that the main challenges of developing nuclear energy for electricity generation in a newcomer country like Malaysia can be attributed primarily to domestic non-technical factors compared to the technical factor.

  14. Characterization of the dimensional stability of advanced metallic materials using an optical test bench structure

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Hsieh, Cheng; O'Donnell, Timothy P.

    1991-01-01

    The dimensional stability of low-density high specific-strength metal-matrix composites (including 30 vol pct SiC(p)/SXA 24-T6 Al, 25 vol pct SiC(p)/6061-T6 Al, 40 vol pct graphite P100 fiber/6061 Al, 50 vol pct graphite P100 fiber/6061 Al, and 40 vol pct P100 graphite fiber/AZ91D Mg composites) and an Al-Li-Mg metal alloy was evaluated using a specially designed five-strut optical test bench structure. The structure had 30 thermocouple locations, one retroreflector, one linear interferometer multilayer insulation, and various strip heaters. It was placed in a 10 exp -7 torr capability vacuum chamber with a laser head positioned at a window port, and a laser interferometer system for collecting dimensional change data. It was found that composite materials have greater 40-C temporal dimensional stability than the AL-Li-Mg alloy. Aluminum-based composites demonstrated better 40-C temporal stability than Mg-based composites.

  15. Synthesis and statistical modelling of dry sliding wear of Al 8011/6 vol.% AlB2 in situ composite

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kumar, Narendra; Singh, Sandeep Kumar; Gautam, Gaurav; Padap, Aditya Kumar; Mohan, Anita; Mohan, Sunil

    2017-10-01

    The present study has used response surface methodology (RSM) and central composite design (CCD) for modelling, using wear parameters to predict the wear performance of an Al 8011/6.0 vol.% AlB2 composite. The effect of applied load and sliding velocity was studied at five levels for a fixed sliding distance. To understand wear behaviour, sliding wear tests were planned according to CCD and performed on a pin-on-disc apparatus at ambient temperature. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to show the relative significance of the parameters. A second-order regression model was developed to predict the wear loss and to establish the relationships between wear parameters. Response surface and contour plots were drawn to analyse the wear results. Worn surfaces were examined under scanning electron microscope (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) was used to interpret the operative wear mechanisms. Validation tests results show good agreement between experimental and predicted data. As an initial step of this study, AlB2 particles were reinforced in Al 8011 alloy by an in situ technique to synthesise an Al 8011/6.0 vol.% AlB2 composite. During synthesis an in situ reaction takes place between molten alloy and inorganic salt KBF4 at 850 °C, which leads to the formation of AlB2 particles. The composite was analysed by x-ray diffractometer (XRD) to detect the phases present, while optical and scanning electron microscopy (OM & SEM) were carried out to ascertain morphology and particle distribution. Hardness was evaluated by a Vickers hardness testing machine.

  16. Upscaling of soil moisture measurements in NW Italy

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ferraris, Stefano; Canone, Davide; Previati, Maurizio; Brunod, Christian; Ratto, Sara; Cauduro, Marco

    2015-04-01

    There is large mismatch in spatial scale between the climate and meteorological model grid, and the scale of soil and vegetation measurements. Remote sensing data can help to fit the model scale, but they cannot provide rootzone data. In this work some soil moisture datasets are analysed for the sake of providing larger scale estimation of soil moisture and water and energy fluxes. The first dataset refers to a plain site near Torino, where measurements are taken since 1997 (Baudena et al., 2012), and a mountain site close to the town. The second one is a dataset in the mountains of Valle d'Aosta (Brocca et al., 2013), where 4 years of data are available. The use of digital elevation models and vegetation maps is shown in this work. Some soil processes (e.g. Whalley et al., 2012) are usually disregarded, but in this work their possible impact is considered. References L. Brocca, A. Tarpanelli, T. Moramarco, F. Melone, S.M. Ratto, M. Cauduro, S. Ferraris, N. Berni, F. Ponziani, W. Wagner, T. Melzer (2013). Soil Moisture Estimation in Alpine Catchments through Modeling and Satellite Observations VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL, vol. 8-2, p. 1-10, doi:10.2136/vzj2012.0102 M. Baudena, I. Bevilacqua, D. Canone, S. Ferraris, M. Previati, A. Provenzale (2012). Soil water dynamics at a midlatitude test site: Field measurements and box modeling approaches. JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY, vol. 414-415, p. 329-340, ISSN: 0022-1694, doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.11.009 W.R. Whalley, G.P. Matthews, S. Ferraris (2012). The effect of compaction and shear deformation of saturated soil on hydraulic conductivity. SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH, vol. 125, p. 23-29, ISSN: 0167-1987

  17. Fabrication and characterization of microstructure of stainless steel matrix composites containing up to 25 vol% NbC

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Kan, Wen Hao, E-mail: wkan6795@uni.sydney.edu.au

    AISI 440 stainless steels reinforced with various volume fractions of niobium carbide (NbC) particles of up to 25 vol% were fabricated in-situ using an argon arc furnace and then heat-treated to produce a martensitic matrix. Optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and electron back-scatter diffraction (EBSD) techniques were used to analyze the microstructure, phases and composition of these composites. Interestingly, it was found that Chinese-script NbC could nucleate on existing primary NbC particles creating NbC clusters with complex microstructures. Additionally, hardness tests were used to evaluate viability in mining and mineral processing applications. The increasemore » in NbC content resulted in an overall increase in the hardness of the composites while causing a marginal decrease in the amount of Cr in solid solution with the matrix, which could be a concern for corrosion resistance. The latter was due to the fact that the NbC lattice could dissolve a minor amount of Cr. Thermodynamic simulations also attributed this to a slight increase in M{sub 7}C{sub 3} precipitation. Nonetheless, these novel composites show great promise for applications in wear and corrosive environments. - Highlights: •Stainless steels reinforced with NbC particles of up to 25 vol% were fabricated. •NbC was formed in-situ in the steels using an arc melter. •Martensitic transformation of the matrix of each sample was achieved. •NbC reinforcements increased the bulk hardness values of the steels. •Dissolved Cr in the matrix of each sample was sufficient for passivity in theory.« less

  18. Direct gas-solid carbonation of serpentinite residues in the absence and presence of water vapor: a feasibility study for carbon dioxide sequestration.

    PubMed

    Veetil, Sanoopkumar Puthiya; Pasquier, Louis-César; Blais, Jean-François; Cecchi, Emmanuelle; Kentish, Sandra; Mercier, Guy

    2015-09-01

    Mineral carbonation of serpentinite mining residue offers an environmentally secure and permanent storage of carbon dioxide. The strategy of using readily available mining residue for the direct treatment of flue gas could improve the energy demand and economics of CO2 sequestration by avoiding the mineral extraction and separate CO2 capture steps. The present is a laboratory scale study to assess the possibility of CO2 fixation in serpentinite mining residues via direct gas-solid reaction. The degree of carbonation is measured both in the absence and presence of water vapor in a batch reactor. The gas used is a simulated gas mixture reproducing an average cement flue gas CO2 composition of 18 vol.% CO2. The reaction parameters considered are temperature, total gas pressure, time, and concentration of water vapor. In the absence of water vapor, the gas-solid carbonation of serpentinite mining residues is negligible, but the residues removed CO2 from the feed gas possibly due to reversible adsorption. The presence of small amount of water vapor enhances the gas-solid carbonation, but the measured rates are too low for practical application. The maximum CO2 fixation obtained is 0.07 g CO2 when reacting 1 g of residue at 200 °C and 25 barg (pCO2 ≈ 4.7) in a gas mixture containing 18 vol.% CO2 and 10 vol.% water vapor in 1 h. The fixation is likely surface limited and restricted due to poor gas-solid interaction. It was identified that both the relative humidity and carbon dioxide-water vapor ratio have a role in CO2 fixation regardless of the percentage of water vapor.

  19. Doping of Czochralski-grown bulk β-Ga2O3 single crystals with Cr, Ce and Al

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Galazka, Zbigniew; Ganschow, Steffen; Fiedler, Andreas; Bertram, Rainer; Klimm, Detlef; Irmscher, Klaus; Schewski, Robert; Pietsch, Mike; Albrecht, Martin; Bickermann, Matthias

    2018-03-01

    We experimentally evaluated segregation of Cr, Ce and Al in bulk β-Ga2O3 single crystals grown by the Czochralski method, as well as the impact of these dopants on optical properties. The segregation of Cr and Ce and their incorporation into the β-Ga2O3 crystal structure strongly depends on O2 concentration in the growth atmosphere which has a noticeable impact on decomposition of Ga2O3 and Cr2O3, as well as on the charge state of Cr and Ce. Effective segregation coefficients for Cr are in the range of 3.1-1.5 at 7-24 vol% O2, while for Ce they are roughly below 0.01 at 1.5-34 vol% O2. The effective segregation coefficient for Al is 1.1 at 1.5-21 vol% O2. Both dopants Ce and Al have a thermodynamically stabilizing effect on β-Ga2O3 crystal growth by supressing decomposition. While Ce has no impact on the optical transmittance in the ultraviolet and visible regions, in Cr doped crystals we observe three absorption bands due to Cr3+ on octahedral Ga sites, one in the ultraviolet merging with the band edge absorption of β-Ga2O3 and two in the visible spectrum, for which we estimate the absorption cross sections. Al doping also does not induce dopant related absorption bands but clearly shifts the absorption edge as one expects for a solid-solution crystal Ga2(1-x)Al2xO3 still in the monoclinic phase. For the highest doping concentration (Ga1.9Al0.1O3) we estimate an increase of the energy gap by 0.11 eV.

  20. The Princess Elisabeth Station

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Berte, Johan

    2012-01-01

    Aware of the increasing impact of human activities on the Earth system, Belgian Science Policy Office (Belspo) launched in 1997 a research programme in support of a sustainable development policy. This umbrella programme included the Belgian Scientific Programme on Antarctic Research. The International Polar Foundation, an organization led by the civil engineer and explorer Alain Hubert, was commissioned by the Belgian Federal government in 2004 to design, construct and operate a new Belgian Antarctic Research Station as an element under this umbrella programme. The station was to be designed as a central location for investigating the characteristic sequence of Antarctic geographical regions (polynia, coast, ice shelf, ice sheet, marginal mountain area and dry valleys, inland plateau) within a radius of 200 kilometers (approx.124 miles) of a selected site. The station was also to be designed as "state of the art" with respect to sustainable development, energy consumption, and waste disposal, with a minimum lifetime of 25 years. The goal of the project was to build a station and enable science. So first we needed some basic requirements, which I have listed here; plus we had to finance the station ourselves. Our most important requirement was that we decided to make it a zero emissions station. This was both a philosophical choice as we thought it more consistent with Antarctic Treaty obligations and it was also a logistical advantage. If you are using renewable energy sources, you do not have to bring in all the fuel.

  1. Medical Statistics in World War II (Medical Department, United States Army)

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1975-01-01

    G80,850, 860 tious. Hydrocele, 420, 442, 464, 486, 508, 630, Infectious mononucleosis . See Mononucleo. 1186 sis, Infectious . Hydronephrosls, 398, 420...1049, 1071, 1003, 1115, 1137, 1159 Mononucleosis , infectious , 410, 432, 454, Medulloblastoma, 410, 432, 454, 476, 408, 470, 498, 520, 1170 520, 1176...World War II: Vol. 1. Activities of Medical Consultants Vol. II. Infectious Diseases Vol. III, Infectious Dieeases and General Medicine Neuropsychiatry

  2. Advanced Fabrication Processes for Superconducting Very Large Scale Integrated Circuits

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2015-10-13

    transistors. There are several reasons for this gigantic disparity: insufficient funding and lack of profit-driven investments in superconductor ...Inductance of circuit structures for MIT LL superconductor electronics fabrication process with 8 niobium layers,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond., vol...vol. 25, No. 3, 1301704, June 2015. [7] V. Ambegaokar and A. Baratoff, “Tunneling between superconductors ,” Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 10, no. 11, pp

  3. Handling Massive Models: Representation, Real-Time Display and Interaction

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2008-09-16

    Published, K. Ward, N. Galoppo, and M. Lin, "Interactive Virtual Hair Salon ", Presence, p. , vol. , (2007). Published, K. Ward, F. Bertails, T.-Y...Detection for Deformable Models using Representative-Triangles", Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics and Games , p. , vol. , (2008). Published...Interactive 3D Graphics and Games (I3D), p. , vol. , (2008). Published, Brandon Lloyd, Naga K. Govindaraju, Cory Quammen, Steven E. Molnar, Dinesh

  4. Recent Trends in Water Use and Production for California Oil Production.

    PubMed

    Tiedeman, Kate; Yeh, Sonia; Scanlon, Bridget R; Teter, Jacob; Mishra, Gouri Shankar

    2016-07-19

    Recent droughts and concerns about water use for petroleum extraction renew the need to inventory water use for oil production. We quantified water volumes used and produced by conventional oil production and hydraulic fracturing (HF) in California. Despite a 25% decrease in conventional oil production from 1999 to 2012, total water use increased by 30% though much of that increase was derived from reuse of produced water. Produced water volumes increased by 50%, with increasing amounts disposed in unlined evaporation ponds or released to surface water. Overall freshwater use (constituting 1.2% of the state's nonagricultural water consumption) increased by 46% during this period due to increased freshwater-intensive tertiary oil production. HF has been practiced in California for more than 30 years, accounting for 1% of total oil production in 2012 from mostly directional and vertical wells. Water use intensity for HF wells in California averaged at 3.5 vol water/vol oil production in 2012 and 2.4 vol/vol in 2013, higher than the range from literature estimates and net water use intensity of conventional production (1.2 vol/vol in 2012). Increasing water use and disposal for oil production have important implications for water management and have potentially adverse health, environmental, and ecological impacts.

  5. Kinetics and formation mechanisms of intragranular ferrite in V-N microalloyed 600 MPa high strength rebar steel

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhang, Jing; Wang, Fu-ming; Li, Chang-rong

    2016-04-01

    To systematically investigate the kinetics and formation mechanisms of intragranular ferrite (IGF), isothermal heat treatment in the temperature range of 450°C to 600°C with holding for 30 s to 300 s, analysis of the corresponding microstructures, and observation of the precipitated particles were conducted in V-N microalloyed 600 MPa high strength rebar steel. The potency of V(C,N) for IGF nucleation was also analyzed statistically. The results show that the dominant microstructure transforms from bainite (B) and acicular ferrite (AF) to grain boundary ferrite (GBF), intragranular polygonal ferrite (IPF), and pearlite (P) as the isothermal temperature increases from 450°C to 600°C. When the holding time at 600°C is extended from 30 s to 60 s, 120 s, and 300 s, the GBF content ranges from 6.0vol% to 6.5vol% and the IPF content increases from 0.5vol% to 2.8vol%, 13.1vol%, and 13.5vol%, respectively, because the ferrite transformation preferentially occurs at the grain boundaries and then occurs at the austenite grains. Notably, V(C,N) particles are the most effective nucleation site for the formation of IPF, accounting for 51% of the said formation.

  6. Mechanical and dielectric characterization of lead zirconate titanate(PZT)/polyurethane(PU) thin film composite for energy harvesting

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Aboubakr, S.; Rguiti, M.; Hajjaji, A.; Eddiai, A.; Courtois, C.; d'Astorg, S.

    2014-04-01

    The Lead Zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramic is known by its piezoelectric feature, but also by its stiffness, the use of a composite based on a polyurethane (PU) matrix charged by a piezoelectric material, enable to generate a large deformation of the material, therefore harvesting more energy. This new material will provide a competitive alternative and low cost manufacturing technology of autonomous systems (smart clothes, car seat, boat sail, flag ...). A thin film of the PZT/PU composite was prepared using up to 80 vol. % of ceramic. Due to the dielectric nature of the PZT, inclusions of this one in a PU matrix raises the permittivity of the composite, on other hand this latter seems to decline at high frequencies.

  7. Experimental and multiphase analysis of nanofluids on the conjugate performance of micro-channel at low Reynolds numbers

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Nimmagadda, Rajesh; Venkatasubbaiah, K.

    2017-06-01

    The present study investigates the laminar forced convection flow of single walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT), gold (Au), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), silver (Ag) and hybrid (Al2O3 + Ag) nanofluids (HyNF) in a wide rectangular micro-channel at low Reynolds numbers. The heat transfer characteristics of de-ionized (DI) water and SWCNT nanofluid with different nanoparticle volume concentrations have been experimental studied. Furthermore, numerical study has also been carried out to investigate the flow and heat transfer characteristics of DI water, SWCNT, Au, Al2O3, Ag and HyNF at different Reynolds numbers with different nanoparticle volume concentrations and particle diameters. The numerical study consider the effects of both inertial and viscous forces by solving the full Navier-Stokes equations at low Reynolds numbers. A two dimensional conjugate heat transfer multiphase mixture model has been developed and used for numerical study. A significant enhancement in the average Nusselt number is observed both experimentally and numerically for nanofluids. The study presents four optimized combinations of nanofluids (1 vol% SWCNT and 1 vol% Au with d_p = 50 nm), (2 vol% SWCNT and 3 vol% Au with d_p = 70 nm), (3 vol% Al2O3 and 2 vol% Au with d_p = 70 nm) as well as (3 vol% HyNF (2.4% Al2O3 + 0.6% Ag) and 3 vol% Au with d_p = 50 nm) that provides a better switching option in choosing efficient working fluid with minimum cost based on cooling requirement. The conduction phenomenon of the solid region at bottom of the micro-channel is considered in the present investigation. This phenomenon shows that the interface temperature between solid and fluid region increases along the length of the channel. The present results has been validated with the experimental and numerical results available in the literature.

  8. Determination of naltrexone and 6beta-naltrexol in human blood: comparison of high-performance liquid chromatography with spectrophotometric and tandem-mass-spectrometric detection.

    PubMed

    Brünen, Sonja; Krüger, Ralf; Finger, Susann; Korf, Felix; Kiefer, Falk; Wiedemann, Klaus; Lackner, Karl J; Hiemke, Christoph

    2010-02-01

    We present data for a comparison of a liquid-chromatographic method coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and a high-performance liquid-chromatographic method with column switching and UV spectrophotometric detection. The two methods were developed for determination of naltrexone and 6beta-naltrexol in blood serum or plasma aiming to be used for therapeutic drug monitoring to guide the treatment of patients with naltrexone. For the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)/UV detection, online sample cleanup was conducted on Perfect Bond C(18) material with 2% (vol/vol) acetonitrile in deionized water. Drugs were separated on a C(18) column using 11.5% (vol/vol) acetonitrile and 0.4% (vol/vol) N,N,N,N-tetramethylethylenediamine within 20 min. LC-MS/MS used naltrexone-d (3) and 6beta-naltrexol-d (4) as internal standards. After protein precipitation, the chromatographic separation was performed on a C(18) column by applying a methanol gradient (5-100%, vol/vol) with 0.1% formic acid over 9.5 min. The HPLC/UV method was found to be linear for concentrations ranging from 2 to 100 ng/ml, with a regression correlation coefficient of r (2) > 0.998 for naltrexone and 6beta-naltrexol. The limit of quantification was 2 ng/ml for naltrexone and 6beta-naltrexol. For the LC-MS/MS method the calibration curves were linear (r(2) > 0.999) from 0.5 to 200 ng/ml for both substances, and the limit of quantification was 0.5 ng/ml. The concentrations measured by the two methods correlated significantly for both substances (r(2) > 0.967; p < 0.001). Both methods could be used for therapeutic drug monitoring. The HPLC/UV method was advantageous regarding automatization and costs, whereas LC-MS/MS was superior with regard to sensitivity.

  9. Progress in preliminary studies at Ottana Solar Facility

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Demontis, V.; Camerada, M.; Cau, G.; Cocco, D.; Damiano, A.; Melis, T.; Musio, M.

    2016-05-01

    The fast increasing share of distributed generation from non-programmable renewable energy sources, such as the strong penetration of photovoltaic technology in the distribution networks, has generated several problems for the management and security of the whole power grid. In order to meet the challenge of a significant share of solar energy in the electricity mix, several actions aimed at increasing the grid flexibility and its hosting capacity, as well as at improving the generation programmability, need to be investigated. This paper focuses on the ongoing preliminary studies at the Ottana Solar Facility, a new experimental power plant located in Sardinia (Italy) currently under construction, which will offer the possibility to progress in the study of solar plants integration in the power grid. The facility integrates a concentrating solar power (CSP) plant, including a thermal energy storage system and an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) unit, with a concentrating photovoltaic (CPV) plant and an electrical energy storage system. The facility has the main goal to assess in real operating conditions the small scale concentrating solar power technology and to study the integration of the two technologies and the storage systems to produce programmable and controllable power profiles. A model for the CSP plant yield was developed to assess different operational strategies that significantly influence the plant yearly yield and its global economic effectiveness. In particular, precise assumptions for the ORC module start-up operation behavior, based on discussions with the manufacturers and technical datasheets, will be described. Finally, the results of the analysis of the: "solar driven", "weather forecasts" and "combined storage state of charge (SOC)/ weather forecasts" operational strategies will be presented.

  10. Relevance of the EU Structural Funds’ Allocation to the Needs of Combating Air Pollution in Poland. Analysis of the Operational Programmes of Regions Threatened With Critical Air Pollution from Distributed Energy Sources

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Włodarski, Marcin; Martyniuk-Pęczek, Justyna

    2017-10-01

    Recent years, the European Environmental Agency, has been reporting air quality parameters in Poland, as the poorest among all the EU countries. Despite of adoption of the EU legislation on energy efficiency and energy performance of buildings, existing legal solutions occur insufficient in reducing air pollution in Polish regions. Lack of an effective schemes supporting complex thermal renovation of buildings, exchange of inefficient boilers, developing district heating based on clean and renewable fuels results in severe health problems and 40 000 of premature deaths related to air pollution. Availability of the EU structural funds may become a tremendous opportunity, especially for the residential sector, to conduct a massive scale modernization. Nevertheless, lack of a coordinated action involving all levels of governance may put the opportunity at risk. The article aims to answer the question on the readiness of the regional governments to effectively implement energy efficiency measures mitigating the problem of air pollution. Second objective is to analyse whether the Regional Operational Programmes allocating the ERDF funds to support specific development needs of the regions, have been constructed in a way that properly addresses the problems related to energy performance of residential buildings.

  11. A thermally self-sustained micro-power plant with integrated micro-solid oxide fuel cells, micro-reformer and functional micro-fluidic carrier

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Scherrer, Barbara; Evans, Anna; Santis-Alvarez, Alejandro J.; Jiang, Bo; Martynczuk, Julia; Galinski, Henning; Nabavi, Majid; Prestat, Michel; Tölke, René; Bieberle-Hütter, Anja; Poulikakos, Dimos; Muralt, Paul; Niedermann, Philippe; Dommann, Alex; Maeder, Thomas; Heeb, Peter; Straessle, Valentin; Muller, Claude; Gauckler, Ludwig J.

    2014-07-01

    Low temperature micro-solid oxide fuel cell (micro-SOFC) systems are an attractive alternative power source for small-size portable electronic devices due to their high energy efficiency and density. Here, we report on a thermally self-sustainable reformer-micro-SOFC assembly. The device consists of a micro-reformer bonded to a silicon chip containing 30 micro-SOFC membranes and a functional glass carrier with gas channels and screen-printed heaters for start-up. Thermal independence of the device from the externally powered heater is achieved by exothermic reforming reactions above 470 °C. The reforming reaction and the fuel gas flow rate of the n-butane/air gas mixture controls the operation temperature and gas composition on the micro-SOFC membrane. In the temperature range between 505 °C and 570 °C, the gas composition after the micro-reformer consists of 12 vol.% to 28 vol.% H2. An open-circuit voltage of 1.0 V and maximum power density of 47 mW cm-2 at 565 °C is achieved with the on-chip produced hydrogen at the micro-SOFC membranes.

  12. Thermal conductivity and retention characteristics of composites made of boron carbide and carbon fibers with extremely high thermal conductivity for first wall armour

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Jimbou, R.; Kodama, K.; Saidoh, M.; Suzuki, Y.; Nakagawa, M.; Morita, K.; Tsuchiya, B.

    1997-02-01

    The thermal conductivity of the composite hot-pressed at 2100°C including B 4C and carbon fibers with a thermal conductivity of 1100 W/ m· K was nearly the same as that of the composite including carbon fibers with a thermal conductivity of 600 W/ m· K. This resulted from the higher amount of B diffused into the carbon fibers through the larger interface. The B 4C content in the composite can be reduced from 35 to 20 vol% which resulted from the more uniform distribution of B 4C by stacking the flat cloth woven of carbon fibers (carbon fiber plain fabrics) than in the composite with 35 vol% B 4C including curled carbon fiber plain fabrics. The decrease in the B 4C content does not result in the degradation of D (deuterium)-retention characteristics or D-recycling property, but will bring about the decreased amount of the surface layer to be melted under the bombardment of high energy hydrogen ions such as disruptions because of higher thermal conduction of the composite.

  13. Superior Performance of a Lithium-Sulfur Battery Enabled by a Dimethyl Trisulfide Containing Electrolyte

    DOE PAGES

    Chen, Shuru; Wang, Daiwei; Zhao, Yuming; ...

    2018-04-26

    The lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery offers a high theoretical energy density of ≈2600 Wh/kg -1 and low cost, positioning it as a promising candidate for next-generation battery technology. However, problems including disastrous Li polysulfides dissolution and irreversible Li 2S deposition have severely retarded the development of Li-S batteries. To solve these issues, we recently reported a functional dimethyl disulfide (DMDS)-containing electrolyte that promoted an alternate electrochemical reaction pathway for sulfur cathodes by a formation of dimethyl polysulfides and Li organosulfides as intermediates and reduction products, leading to significantly boosted Li-S cell capacity with improved cycling reversibility and stability. Here in thismore » work, dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS), a primary discharge-charge intermediate in the DMDS-containing electrolyte, which is also a commercially available reagent, was further investigated as a co-solvent in functional electrolytes for Li-S batteries. Due to the higher theoretical capacity of DMTS and its better reactivity with Li 2S than DMDS, a 25 vol% DMTS-containing electrolyte enables Li-S batteries with even higher cell capacity and improved cycling performance than using previous optimal 50 vol% DMDS-containing electrolyte.« less

  14. Superior Performance of a Lithium-Sulfur Battery Enabled by a Dimethyl Trisulfide Containing Electrolyte

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Chen, Shuru; Wang, Daiwei; Zhao, Yuming

    The lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery offers a high theoretical energy density of ≈2600 Wh/kg -1 and low cost, positioning it as a promising candidate for next-generation battery technology. However, problems including disastrous Li polysulfides dissolution and irreversible Li 2S deposition have severely retarded the development of Li-S batteries. To solve these issues, we recently reported a functional dimethyl disulfide (DMDS)-containing electrolyte that promoted an alternate electrochemical reaction pathway for sulfur cathodes by a formation of dimethyl polysulfides and Li organosulfides as intermediates and reduction products, leading to significantly boosted Li-S cell capacity with improved cycling reversibility and stability. Here in thismore » work, dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS), a primary discharge-charge intermediate in the DMDS-containing electrolyte, which is also a commercially available reagent, was further investigated as a co-solvent in functional electrolytes for Li-S batteries. Due to the higher theoretical capacity of DMTS and its better reactivity with Li 2S than DMDS, a 25 vol% DMTS-containing electrolyte enables Li-S batteries with even higher cell capacity and improved cycling performance than using previous optimal 50 vol% DMDS-containing electrolyte.« less

  15. The Environmental Heat Flux Routine, Version 4 (EHFR-4) and Multiple Reflections Routine (MRR). Volume 2: Programmers reference manual

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Dietz, J. B.

    1973-01-01

    The EHFR program reference information which is presented consists of the following subprogram detailed data: purpose-description of the routine, a list of the calling programs, an argument list description, nomenclature definition, flow charts, and a compilation listing of each subprogram. Each of the EHFR subprograms were developed specifically for this routine and do not have an applicability of a general nature. Single precision accuracy available on the Univac 1108 is used exclusively in all but two of the 31 EHFR subprograms. The double precision variables required are identified in the nomenclature definition of the two subprograms that require them. A concise definition of the purpose, function, and capabilities is made in the subprogram description. The description references the appropriate Volume 1 sections of the report which contain the applicable detailed definitions, governing equations, and assumptions used. The compilation listing of each subprogram defines the program/data storage requirements, identifies the labeled block common data required, and identifies other subprograms called during execution. For Vol. 1, see N73-31842.

  16. Smart house-based optimal operation of thermal unit commitment for a smart grid considering transmission constraints

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Howlader, Harun Or Rashid; Matayoshi, Hidehito; Noorzad, Ahmad Samim; Muarapaz, Cirio Celestino; Senjyu, Tomonobu

    2018-05-01

    This paper presents a smart house-based power system for thermal unit commitment programme. The proposed power system consists of smart houses, renewable energy plants and conventional thermal units. The transmission constraints are considered for the proposed system. The generated power of the large capacity renewable energy plant leads to the violated transmission constraints in the thermal unit commitment programme, therefore, the transmission constraint should be considered. This paper focuses on the optimal operation of the thermal units incorporated with controllable loads such as Electrical Vehicle and Heat Pump water heater of the smart houses. The proposed method is compared with the power flow in thermal units operation without controllable loads and the optimal operation without the transmission constraints. Simulation results show the validation of the proposed method.

  17. Bio-Inspired Fluoro-polydopamine Meets Barium Titanate Nanowires: A Perfect Combination to Enhance Energy Storage Capability of Polymer Nanocomposites.

    PubMed

    Wang, Guanyao; Huang, Xingyi; Jiang, Pingkai

    2017-03-01

    Rapid evolution of energy storage devices expedites the development of high-energy-density materials with excellent flexibility and easy processing. The search for such materials has triggered the development of high-dielectric-constant (high-k) polymer nanocomposites. However, the enhancement of k usually suffers from sharp reduction of breakdown strength, which is detrimental to substantial increase of energy storage capability. Herein, the combination of bio-inspired fluoro-polydopamine functionalized BaTiO 3 nanowires (NWs) and a fluoropolymer matrix offers a new thought to prepare polymer nanocomposites. The elaborate functionalization of BaTiO 3 NWs with fluoro-polydopamine has guaranteed both the increase of k and the maintenance of breakdown strength, resulting in significantly enhanced energy storage capability. The nanocomposite with 5 vol % functionalized BaTiO 3 NWs discharges an ultrahigh energy density of 12.87 J cm -3 at a relatively low electric field of 480 MV m -1 , more than three and a half times that of biaxial-oriented polypropylene (BOPP, 3.56 J cm -3 at 600 MV m -1 ). This superior energy storage capability seems to rival or exceed some reported advanced nanoceramics-based materials at 500 MV m -1 . This new strategy permits insights into the construction of polymer nanocomposites with high energy storage capability.

  18. Concept Engineering: An Investigation Of TIME versus Market Orientation in Product Concept Development

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1993-06-01

    Designers and Champions of Innovation. Journal of Product Innovation Management . Vol. 8,91-103 Barabba, V. P., & Zaltman, G. (1991). Hearing the Voice of...Kleinschmidt, E. K. (1986). An Investigation into the New Product Process: Steps, Deficiencies, and Impact. Journal of Product Innovation Management . Vol...Product and Process Development. Journal of Product Innovation Management . Vol. 4,81-88 Goodman, M. (1974). Study Notes in System Dynamics. Cambridge, MA

  19. Airpower Journal Index, 1987-1996

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1998-07-01

    AirpowerJournal Airpower Research Institute Author Index Aldrich, Maj Richard W. "The International Legal Implications of Information Warfare," vol . 10...no . 3 (Fall 1996) : 99-110. Aldrich, Maj Richard W., and Maj Norman K. Thompson . "Verifying Chemical and Biological Weapons Treaties: Is the...Perspective," vol . 3, no . 4 (Winter 1989) : 10-33. Casebeer, 1st Lt William D. ; Col Richard Szafranski ; and Dr. James H. Toner. "Military Ethics," vol. 8

  20. Final Scientific Report,

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1980-11-26

    and J.B. Thomas, "The Effect of a Memoryless Nonlinearity on the Spectrum of a Random Process," IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, Vol. IT-23, pp...Density Function from Measurements Corrupted by Poisson Noise," IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, Vol. IT-23, pp. 764-766, November 1977. H. Derin...pp. 243-249, December 1977. G.L. Wise and N.C. Gallagher, "On Spherically Invariant Random Processes," IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, Vol. IT

  1. Considerations for Deep Maneuver: Lessons from North Africa, 1941-1942.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1985-01-01

    need arises from the evolutionary changes inherent in the concepts of AirLand Battle doctrine. Among these changes are the reintroduction of the...General Franz Halder, The Halder Diaries: The Private War Journals of Colonel General Franz Halder, 2 vols. ( Colorado : T.N Dupuy and Westview Press, Inc...Franz Halder. 2 vols. Boulder, Colorado : T.N. Dupuy Associates and Westview Press, Inc., 1976. Reprint of an 8 vol. work originally published by the

  2. An Alternative Energy Career Project at the Warwick School, Redhill, Surrey

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Balmer, Denise

    2014-01-01

    The article describes an innovative project for year 9 (age 13-14) students that has run since 2002 with the help of professional engineers and scientists and incorporates careers information and hands-on practical work. The programme was developed to highlight alternative energy as a subject and also to provide a hands-on practical day for the…

  3. Recoverable and Programmable Collapse from Folding Pressurized Origami Cellular Solids.

    PubMed

    Li, S; Fang, H; Wang, K W

    2016-09-09

    We report a unique collapse mechanism by exploiting the negative stiffness observed in the folding of an origami solid, which consists of pressurized cells made by stacking origami sheets. Such a collapse mechanism is recoverable, since it only involves rigid folding of the origami sheets and it is programmable by pressure control and the custom design of the crease pattern. The collapse mechanism features many attractive characteristics for applications such as energy absorption. The reported results also suggest a new branch of origami study focused on its nonlinear mechanics associated with folding.

  4. A software framework for pipelined arithmetic algorithms in field programmable gate arrays

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kim, J. B.; Won, E.

    2018-03-01

    Pipelined algorithms implemented in field programmable gate arrays are extensively used for hardware triggers in the modern experimental high energy physics field and the complexity of such algorithms increases rapidly. For development of such hardware triggers, algorithms are developed in C++, ported to hardware description language for synthesizing firmware, and then ported back to C++ for simulating the firmware response down to the single bit level. We present a C++ software framework which automatically simulates and generates hardware description language code for pipelined arithmetic algorithms.

  5. Greening the Grid: Integrating 175 Gigawatts of Renewable Energy into India's Electric Grid - A Detailed Look at the Southern Region

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Cochran, Jaquelin M

    The higher-spatial-resolution model of 'Greening the Grid: Pathways to Integrate 175 Gigawatts of Renewable Energy into India's Electric Grid, Vol. II - Regional Study' (the Regional Study), which better represents the impact of congestion on least-cost scheduling and dispatch, provides a deeper understanding of the relationship among renewable energy (RE) location, transmission, and system flexibility with regard to RE integration, compared to 'Greening the Grid: Pathways to Integrate 175 Gigawatts of Renewable Energy into India's Electric Grid, Vol. I - National Study.' The Regional Study validates the relative value of mitigation strategies demonstrated in the National Study - namely, coordinatedmore » operations among states reduce production costs, and reducing coal minimum generation levels reduces RE curtailment. Significantly, the Regional Study also highlights a potential barrier to realizing the value of these mitigation strategies: when locations of RE development are planned independently of state-level transmission, intrastate congestion can result in undesirable levels of RE curtailment. Therefore a key objective of this study is to illustrate to state-level power system planners and operators, in particular, how a higher-resolution model, inclusive of intrastate granularity, can be used as a planning tool for two primary purposes: to better anticipate, understand, and mitigate system constraints that could affect RE integration; and to provide a modeling framework that can be used as part of future transmission studies and planning efforts. The Regional Study is not intended to predict precisely how RE will affect state-level operations. There is considerable uncertainty regarding the locations of the RE development, as well as how contract terms can affect access to the inherent physical flexibility of the system. But the scenarios analyzed identify the types of issues that can arise under various RE and transmission expansion pathways. The model developed for this study provides a rigorous framework for future work and can be updated with the characteristics of new capacity as more information on the future power system is known.« less

  6. Greening the Grid: Integrating 175 Gigawatts of Renewable Energy into India's Electric Grid - A Detailed Look at the Western Region

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Cochran, Jaquelin

    The higher-spatial-resolution model of 'Greening the Grid: Pathways to Integrate 175 Gigawatts of Renewable Energy into India's Electric Grid, Vol. II - Regional Study' (the Regional Study), which better represents the impact of congestion on least-cost scheduling and dispatch, provides a deeper understanding of the relationship among renewable energy (RE) location, transmission, and system flexibility with regard to RE integration, compared to 'Greening the Grid: Pathways to Integrate 175 Gigawatts of Renewable Energy into India's Electric Grid, Vol. I - National Study.' The Regional Study validates the relative value of mitigation strategies demonstrated in the National Study - namely, coordinatedmore » operations among states reduce production costs, and reducing coal minimum generation levels reduces RE curtailment. Significantly, the Regional Study also highlights a potential barrier to realizing the value of these mitigation strategies: when locations of RE development are planned independently of state-level transmission, intrastate congestion can result in undesirable levels of RE curtailment. Therefore a key objective of this study is to illustrate to state-level power system planners and operators, in particular, how a higher-resolution model, inclusive of intrastate granularity, can be used as a planning tool for two primary purposes: -To better anticipate, understand, and mitigate system constraints that could affect RE integration; and - To provide a modeling framework that can be used as part of future transmission studies and planning efforts. The Regional Study is not intended to predict precisely how RE will affect state-level operations. There is considerable uncertainty regarding the locations of the RE development, as well as how contract terms can affect access to the inherent physical flexibility of the system. But the scenarios analyzed identify the types of issues that can arise under various RE and transmission expansion pathways. The model developed for this study provides a rigorous framework for future work and can be updated with the characteristics of new capacity as more information on the future power system is known.« less

  7. Particulate concentrations during on-farm combustion of energy crops of different shapes and harvest seasons

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Fournel, S.; Palacios, J. H.; Morissette, R.; Villeneuve, J.; Godbout, S.; Heitz, M.; Savoie, P.

    2015-03-01

    The increasing energy costs and environmental concerns of farms have motivated the growing interest of agricultural producers in using farm-grown biomass as a substitute to fossil fuels for heat production. However, the use of non-woody biomass is facing challenges due to variability regarding chemical composition and fuel properties that may induce problems during combustion such as particulate matter (PM). The aim of this work was to measure and compare total PM concentrations during on-farm combustion of wood and four agricultural crops: short-rotation willow, switchgrass, miscanthus and reed canary grass. In order to study the influence of physicochemical properties, different shapes (pellets, chips and chopped grasses) and harvest seasons (fall and spring) were also evaluated. In this context, a representative small-scale (29 kW), multi-fuel boiler for light commercial use was utilized. The boiler was also non-catalytic so that the burning took place in a single combustion chamber. Overall, twelve different biomass fuels were tested and each product was burned three times. Mean PM concentration of wood (416 mg Nm-3 at 7 vol% O2) was lower than that of the four dedicated energy crops (505-1417 mg Nm-3 at 7 vol% O2). However, because of the high variability between the experiments, no statistical significance was observed at P > 0.1 level except in one case. The PM amounts were high compared to literature data and Quebec's environmental regulation mainly because of the boiler system used. Except for willow, pelletized products decreased PM levels by 22-52% compared to chopped materials. Bulky biomass of low density was unable to reach steady-state conditions and produced compounds associated with incomplete combustion including PM. Spring-harvested biomass fuels showed a PM reduction up to 48% compared to fall-harvested crops. This was likely due to a 20-60% decrease of several chemical elements in the biomass, namely S, Cl, K and P which are the main constituents of fly ash.

  8. Mixed Inhibition of Adenosine Deaminase Activity by 1,3-Dinitrobenzene: A Model for Understanding Cell-Selective Neurotoxicity in Chemically-Induced Energy Deprivation Syndromes in Brain

    PubMed Central

    Wang, Yipei; Liu, Xin; Schneider, Brandon; Zverina, Elaina A.; Russ, Kristen; Wijeyesakere, Sanjeeva J.; Fierke, Carol A.; Richardson, Rudy J.; Philbert, Martin A.

    2012-01-01

    Astrocytes are acutely sensitive to 1,3-dinitrobenzene (1,3-DNB) while adjacent neurons are relatively unaffected, consistent with other chemically-induced energy deprivation syndromes. Previous studies have investigated the role of astrocytes in protecting neurons from hypoxia and chemical injury via adenosine release. Adenosine is considered neuroprotective, but it is rapidly removed by extracellular deaminases such as adenosine deaminase (ADA). The present study tested the hypothesis that ADA is inhibited by 1,3-DNB as a substrate mimic, thereby preventing adenosine catabolism. ADA was inhibited by 1,3-DNB with an IC50 of 284μM, Hill slope, n = 4.8 ± 0.4. Native gel electrophoresis showed that 1,3-DNB did not denature ADA. Furthermore, adding Triton X-100 (0.01–0.05%, wt/vol), Nonidet P-40 (0.0015–0.0036%, wt/vol), or bovine serum albumin (0.05 mg/ml or changing [ADA] (0.2 and 2nM) did not substantially alter the 1,3-DNB IC50 value. Likewise, dynamic light scattering showed no particle formation over a (1,3-DNB) range of 149–1043μM. Kinetics revealed mixed inhibition with 1,3-DNB binding to ADA (KI = 520 ± 100μM, n = 1 ± 0.6) and the ADA-adenosine complex (KIS = 262 ± 7μM, n = 6 ± 0.6, indicating positive cooperativity). In accord with the kinetics, docking predicted binding of 1,3-DNB to the active site and three peripheral sites. In addition, exposure of DI TNC-1 astrocytes to 10–500μM 1,3-DNB produced concentration-dependent increases in extracellular adenosine at 24 h. Overall, the results demonstrate that 1,3-DNB is a mixed inhibitor of ADA and may thus lead to increases in extracellular adenosine. The finding may provide insights to guide future work on chemically-induced energy deprivation. PMID:22106038

  9. Cow's milk increases the activities of human nuclear receptors peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha and delta and retinoid X receptor alpha involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis, obesity, and inflammation.

    PubMed

    Suhara, W; Koide, H; Okuzawa, T; Hayashi, D; Hashimoto, T; Kojo, H

    2009-09-01

    The nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) have been shown to play crucial roles in regulating energy homeostasis including lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, inflammatory responses, and cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Because PPAR agonists have the potential to prevent or ameliorate diseases such as hyperlipidemia, diabetes, atherosclerosis, and obesity, we have explored new natural agonists for PPAR. For this purpose, cow's milk was tested for agonistic activity toward human PPAR subtypes using a reporter gene assay. Milk increased human PPARalpha activity in a dose-dependent manner with a 3.2-fold increase at 0.5% (vol/vol). It also enhanced human PPARdelta activity in a dose-dependent manner with an 11.5-fold increase at 0.5%. However, it only slightly affected human PPARgamma activity. Ice cream, butter, and yogurt also increased the activities of PPARalpha and PPARdelta, whereas vegetable cream affected activity of PPARdelta but not PPARalpha. Skim milk enhanced the activity of PPAR to a lesser degree than regular milk. Milk and fresh cream increased the activity of human retinoid X receptor (RXR)alpha as well as PPARalpha and PPARdelta, whereas neither affected vitamin D3 receptor, estrogen receptors alpha and beta, or thyroid receptors alpha and beta. Both milk and fresh cream were shown by quantitative real-time PCR to increase the quantity of mRNA for uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), an energy expenditure gene, in a dose-dependent manner. The increase in UCP2 mRNA was found to be reduced by treatment with PPARdelta-short interfering (si)RNA. This study unambiguously clarified at the cellular level that cow's milk increased the activities of human PPARalpha, PPARdelta, and RXRalpha. The possible role in enhancing the activities of PPARalpha, PPARdelta, and RXRalpha, and the health benefits of cow's milk were discussed.

  10. Runaway electron production in DIII-D killer pellet experiments, calculated with the CQL3D/KPRAD model

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Harvey, R. W.; Chan, V. S.; Chiu, S. C.

    2000-11-01

    Runaway electrons are calculated to be produced during the rapid plasma cooling resulting from ''killer pellet'' injection experiments, in general agreement with observations in the DIII-D [J. L. Luxon , Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research 1986 (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1987), Vol. I, p. 159] tokamak. The time-dependent dynamics of the kinetic runaway distributions are obtained with the CQL3D [R. W. Harvey and M. G. McCoy, ''The CQL3D Code,'' in Proceedings of the IAEA Technical Committee Meeting on Numerical Modeling, Montreal, 1992 (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1992), p. 489] collisional Fokker--Planck code, including the effect ofmore » small and large angle collisions and stochastic magnetic field transport losses. The background density, temperature, and Z{sub eff} are evolved according to the KPRAD [D. G. Whyte and T. E. Evans , in Proceedings of the 24th European Conference on Controlled Fusion and Plasma Physics, Berchtesgaden, Germany (European Physical Society, Petit-Lancy, 1997), Vol. 21A, p. 1137] deposition and radiation model of pellet--plasma interactions. Three distinct runway mechanisms are apparent: (1) prompt ''hot-tail runaways'' due to the residual hot electron tail remaining from the pre-cooling phase, (2) ''knock-on'' runaways produced by large-angle Coulomb collisions on existing high energy electrons, and (3) Dreicer ''drizzle'' runaway electrons due to diffusion of electrons up to the critical velocity for electron runaway. For electron densities below {approx}1x10{sup 15}cm{sup -3}, the hot-tail runaways dominate the early time evolution, and provide the seed population for late time knock-on runaway avalanche. For small enough stochastic magnetic field transport losses, the knock-on production of electrons balances the losses at late times. For losses due to radial magnetic field perturbations in excess of {approx}0.1% of the background field, i.e., {delta}B{sub r}/B{>=}0.001, the losses prevent late-time electron runaway.« less

  11. Hierarchical self-assembly of chiral rod-like molecules as a model for peptide β-sheet tapes, ribbons, fibrils, and fibers

    PubMed Central

    Aggeli, A.; Nyrkova, I. A.; Bell, M.; Harding, R.; Carrick, L.; McLeish, T. C. B.; Semenov, A. N.; Boden, N.

    2001-01-01

    A generic statistical mechanical model is presented for the self-assembly of chiral rod-like units, such as β-sheet-forming peptides, into helical tapes, which with increasing concentration associate into twisted ribbons (double tapes), fibrils (twisted stacks of ribbons), and fibers (entwined fibrils). The finite fibril width and helicity is shown to stem from a competition between the free energy gain from attraction between ribbons and the penalty because of elastic distortion of the intrinsically twisted ribbons on incorporation into a growing fibril. Fibers are stabilized similarly. The behavior of two rationally designed 11-aa residue peptides, P11-I and P11-II, is illustrative of the proposed scheme. P11-I and P11-II are designed to adopt the β-strand conformation and to self-assemble in one dimension to form antiparallel β-sheet tapes, ribbons, fibrils, and fibers in well-defined solution conditions. The energetic parameters governing self-assembly have been estimated from the experimental data using the model. The 8-nm-wide fibrils consist of eight tapes, are extremely robust (scission energy ≈200 kBT), and sufficiently rigid (persistence length l̃fibril ≈ 20–70 μm) to form nematic solutions at peptide concentration c ≈ 0.9 mM (volume fraction ≈0.0009 vol/vol), which convert to self-supporting nematic gels at c > 4 mM. More generally, these observations provide a new insight into the generic self-assembling properties of β-sheet-forming peptides and shed new light on the factors governing the structures and stability of pathological amyloid fibrils in vivo. The model also provides a prescription of routes to novel macromolecules based on a variety of self-assembling chiral units, and protocols for extraction of the associated energy changes. PMID:11592996

  12. Melt extraction during heating and cooling of felsic crystal mushes in shallow volcanic systems: An experimental study

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Pistone, M.; Baumgartner, L. P.; Sisson, T. W.; Bloch, E. M.

    2017-12-01

    The dynamics and kinetics of melt extraction in near-solidus, rheologically stalled, felsic crystal mushes (> 50 vol.% crystals) are essential to feeding many volcanic eruptions. At shallow depths (< 15 km), most felsic crystal mushes would be volatile-saturated and may be thermally stable for long time periods (104-107 years). In absence of deformation, residual melt can segregate from the mush's crystalline framework stimulated by: 1) gas injecting from hot mafic magmas into felsic mushes (heating / partial melting scenario), and 2) gas exsolving from the crystallizing mush (cooling / crystallizing scenario). The conditions and efficiency of melt extraction from a mush in the two scenarios are not well understood. Thus, we conducted high-temperature (700 to 850 °C) and -pressure (1.1 kbar) cold seal experiments (8-day duration) on synthetic felsic mushes, composed of water-saturated (4.2 wt.%) rhyodacite melt bearing different proportions of added quartz crystals (60, 70, and 80 vol%; 68 mm average particle size). High-spatial resolution X-ray tomography of run products show: 1) in the heating scenario (> 750 °C) melt has not segregated due to coalescence of vesicles (≤ 23 vol%) and large melt connectivity (> 7 vol% glass) / low pressure gradient for melt movement up to 80 vol% crystals; 2) in the cooling scenario (≤ 750 °C) vesicle (< 11 vol%) coalescence is limited or absent and limited amount of melt (3 to 11 vol%) segregated from sample center to its outer periphery (30 to 100 mm melt-rich lenses), testifying to the efficiency of melt extraction dictated by increasing crystallinity. These results suggest that silicic melt hosted within a crystal-rich mush can accumulate rapidly due to the buildup of modest gas pressures during crystallization at temperatures near the solidus.

  13. The Installation Restoration Program Toxicology Guide. Volume 3

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1989-07-01

    zvli UW OF TABLES Volun.e 4 (Cont.) 69-3 Chemical Additives ............................ 69-15 69-4 Acute Toxicity of Components of Mineral Base...659. Values were estimated by Arthur D. little, Inc. uwing Kow as the basis of estimation (See Introduction, VoL 1). Values of less than one are very...Introduction, Vol. 1). 659. Values were etfiinated by Arthur D. little, In~c. uwing Kow as the basis of. estimation (See Introduction, Vol. 1). Values of

  14. Directionally Solidified Multifunctional Ceramics

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2006-12-01

    Vidrio , Vol. 44 [5] (2005) pp 347 - 352. 9. F. W. Dynys and A. Sayir, "Self Assemble Silicide Architectures by Directional Solidification," Journal...Sociedad Espanola de Ceramica y Vidrio , Vol. 43 [4] (2004) pp 753 - 758. 21. A. Sayir and F. S. Lowery, "Combustion-Resistance of Silicon-Based Ceramics...Espafiola de Cerdmica y Vidrio , Vol. 43 [3], 2004. ISSN-0366-3175-BSCVB9. 14 37. P. Berger, A. Sayir and M. H. Berger, "Nuclear Microprobe using Elastic

  15. Separated Component-Based Restoration of Speckled SAR Images

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2013-01-01

    unsupervised change detection from SAR amplitude imagery,” IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 44, no. 10, pp. 2972–2982, Oct. 2006. [5] F. Argenti , T...Sens., vol. 40, no. 10, pp. 2196–2212, Oct. 2002. [13] F. Argenti and L. Alparone, “Speckle removal from SAR images in the undecimated wavelet domain...iterative thresh- olding algorithm for linear inverse problems with a sparsity con- straint,” Commun . Pure Appl. Math., vol. 57, no. 11, pp. 1413

  16. Coastal Environment, Bathymetry and Physical Oceanography along the Beaufort, Chukchi and Bering Seas.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1980-01-01

    Unit No. 347 , Vol. III, Chukchi-Beaufort Sea, 409 pp. 3. Hopkins, D.M. and R.W. Hartz, 1978, Coastal morphology, coastal erosion, and barrier islands of...U.S. Department of Commerce, Alaska Outer Continental Shelf Environmental Assessment Program Final Report, Research Unit No. 347 , vol. III, Chukchi...Assessment Program Final Report, Research Univ No. 347 , vol. II, Bering Sea, 443 pp. 3. U.S. Department of Commerce, 1964, Pacific and Arctic Coasts

  17. Aircraft Wake Vortices: An Assessment of the Current Situation

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1991-01-01

    1979 , DOT/TSC, Cambridge, MA. 36. Burnham, D.C., "Chicago Monostatic Acoustic Vortex Sensing System, Vol. I : Data Collection and Reduction," FAA-RD-79...April 1979 , DOT/TSC, Cambridge, MA. 45. Hallock, J.N., "Vortex Advisory System Safety Analysis; Vol. I : Analytical Model," FAA-RD-78-68. I , September...Industry Representatives," March 1979 , Economics & Science Planning Inc., Washington, DC. 106. Hallock, J.N., "Vortex Advisory System, Vol. I : Effectiveness

  18. USSR and Eastern Europe Scientific Abstracts, Cybernetics, Computers and Automation Technology, Number 36.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1978-10-11

    REQUIREMENTS OF COMPUTER USERS Warsaw INFORMATYKA in Polish Vol 12 No 8, 1977 pp 12-14 CHELCHOWSKI, JERZY, Academy of Economics, Wroclaw [Abstract...Western. 11 E. Hardware POLAND SQUARE-LOOP FERRITE CORES IN THE WORKING STORAGE OF MODERN COMPUTERS Warsaw INFORMATYKA in Polish Vol 12 No 5...INDUSTRY PLANT Warsaw INFORMATYKA in Polish Vol 12 No 10, 1977 Pp 20-22 BERNATOWICZ, KRYSTYN [Text] Next to mines, steelworks and shipyards, The H

  19. DS2 Container and Weatherproofing Study

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1990-12-01

    compatible with polyurethane based coating systems in general? Is it compatible with alkyd -based coatings? 10. How well do the labels placed on the...of the (older) alkyd enamel and (more recently) polyurethane camouflage coatings, leading eventually to seepage of the DS2. A shrink-wrap overpack...by John Wiley and Sons, Inc., Vol. 2, pp. 118- 119; Vol. 4, p. 3 and pp. 284-295; Vol. I, p. 133. 8. Fiber Composite Hybrid Materials, N.L. Hancox

  20. JPRS Report, Science & Technology China

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1989-02-23

    Protoplast Culture of Rice (Oryza sativa L.), Plant Regeneration From Protoplast-Derived Calli 40091011a Beijing YICHUAN XUEBAO [ACTA GENETICA ...YICHUAN XUEBAO [ACTA GENETICA SINICA] in Chinese Vol 15 No 5, Oct 88 pp 329-334 [English abstract of article by Tao Zirong [7118 5261 2837], et al...Chang, et al., ACTA GENETICA SINICA, Vol 7 No 3, 1980 pp 283-288. 7. Zhu Zhongchun, et al., ACTA GENETICA SINICA, Vol 8 No 1, 1981 pp 63-65, 8. Mix, G

  1. Effect of the Different High Volume Fraction of SiC Particles on the Junction of Bismuthate Glass-SiCp/Al Composite

    PubMed Central

    Li, Xiaoqiang

    2018-01-01

    The in-house developed bismuthate glass and the SiCp/Al composites with different volume fractions of SiC particles (namely, 60 vol.%, 65 vol.%, 70 vol.%, and 75 vol.%) were jointed by vacuum hot-pressing process. The novel material can be used for the space mirror. The SiCp is an abbreviation for SiC particle. Firstly, the SiCp/Al composites with different vol.% of SiC particle were manufactured by using infiltration process. In order to obtain a stable bonding interface, the preoxide layers were fabricated on the surfaces of these composites for reacting with the bismuthate glass. The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) was carried out for characterizing the difference between the composites and bismuthate glass. The sealing quality of the composites and the bismuthate glass was quantified by using shear strength testing. The optical microstructures showed the particles were uniformly distributed in the Al matrix. The SEM image shows that a smooth oxidation layer was generated on the SiCp/Al composite. The CTE testing result indicated that the higher the vol.% of the particles in the composite, the lower the CTE value. The shear strength testing result disclosed that SiCp/Al composite with relatively low CTE value was favorable to obtain a bonding interface with high strength. PMID:29675118

  2. Effect of the Different High Volume Fraction of SiC Particles on the Junction of Bismuthate Glass-SiCp/Al Composite.

    PubMed

    Wang, Bin; Qu, Shengguan; Li, Xiaoqiang

    2018-01-01

    The in-house developed bismuthate glass and the SiC p /Al composites with different volume fractions of SiC particles (namely, 60 vol.%, 65 vol.%, 70 vol.%, and 75 vol.%) were jointed by vacuum hot-pressing process. The novel material can be used for the space mirror. The SiCp is an abbreviation for SiC particle. Firstly, the SiC p /Al composites with different vol.% of SiC particle were manufactured by using infiltration process. In order to obtain a stable bonding interface, the preoxide layers were fabricated on the surfaces of these composites for reacting with the bismuthate glass. The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) was carried out for characterizing the difference between the composites and bismuthate glass. The sealing quality of the composites and the bismuthate glass was quantified by using shear strength testing. The optical microstructures showed the particles were uniformly distributed in the Al matrix. The SEM image shows that a smooth oxidation layer was generated on the SiC p /Al composite. The CTE testing result indicated that the higher the vol.% of the particles in the composite, the lower the CTE value. The shear strength testing result disclosed that SiC p /Al composite with relatively low CTE value was favorable to obtain a bonding interface with high strength.

  3. High temperature tensile behavior and microstructure of Al-SiC nanocomposite fabricated by mechanical milling and hot extrusion technique

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Soltani, Mohammadreza; Atrian, Amir

    2018-02-01

    This paper investigates the high-temperature tensile behavior of Al-SiC nanocomposite reinforced with 0, 1.5, and 3 vol% SiC nano particles. To fabricate the samples, SiC nano reinforcements and aluminum (Al) powders were milled using an attritor milling and then were cold pressed and hot extruded at 500 °C. Afterward, mechanical and microstructural characteristics were studied in different temperatures. To this end, tensile and compressive tests, micro-hardness test, microscopic examinations, and XRD analysis were performed. The results showed significant improvement of mechanical properties of Al-SiC nanocomposite in room temperature including 40% of ultimate tensile strength (UTS), 36% of ultimate compressive strength (UCS), and 44% of micro-hardness. Moreover, performing tensile tests at elevated temperatures (up to 270 °C) decreased the tensile strength by about 53%, 46%, and 45% for Al-0 vol% SiC, Al-1.5 vol% SiC, and Al-3 vol% SiC, respectively. This temperature rise also enhanced the elongation by about 11% and 133% for non-reinforced Al and Al-3 vol% SiC, respectively.

  4. The short-term health and psychosocial impacts of domestic energy efficiency investments in low-income areas: a controlled before and after study.

    PubMed

    Grey, Charlotte N B; Jiang, Shiyu; Nascimento, Christina; Rodgers, Sarah E; Johnson, Rhodri; Lyons, Ronan A; Poortinga, Wouter

    2017-01-31

    Research suggests that living in fuel poverty and cold homes contributes to poor physical and mental health, and that interventions targeted at those living in poor quality housing may lead to health improvements. However, little is known about the socio-economic intermediaries and processes that contribute to better health. This study examined the relationship between energy efficiency investments to homes in low-income areas and mental and physical health of residents, as well as a number of psychosocial outcomes likely to be part of the complex relationship between energy efficiency measures and health outcomes. A quasi-experimental field study with a controlled pretest-posttest design was conducted (intervention n = 364; control n = 418) to investigate the short-term health and psychosocial impacts of a domestic energy efficiency programme that took place across Wales between 2013 and 2015. Survey data were collected in the winters before and after installation of energy efficiency measures, including external wall insulation. The study used a multilevel modelling repeated measures approach to analyse the data. The energy efficiency programme was not associated with improvements in physical and mental health (using the SF-12v2 physical and mental health composite scales) or reductions in self-reported respiratory and asthma symptoms. However, the programme was associated with improved subjective wellbeing (B = 0.38, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.65), as well as improvements in a number of psychosocial outcomes, including increased thermal satisfaction (OR = 3.83, 95% CI 2.40 to 5.90), reduced reports of putting up with feeling cold to save heating costs (OR = 0.49, CI = 0.25 to 0.94), fewer financial difficulties (B = -0.15, 95% CI -0.25 to -0.05), and reduced social isolation (OR = 0.32, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.77). The study showed that investing in energy efficiency in low-income communities does not lead to self-reported health improvements in the short term. However, investments increased subjective wellbeing and were linked to a number of psychosocial intermediaries that are conducive to better health. It is likely that better living conditions contribute to improvements in health outcomes in the longer term. Better understanding of the impacts on recipients of energy efficiency schemes, could improve targeting of future fuel poverty policies.

  5. In Situ Soil Venting - Full Scale Test Hill AFB, Guidance Document, Literature Review. Volume 1

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1991-08-01

    AD-A254 924 1’) VOL I IN SITU SOIL VENTING - FULL SCALE TEST HILL AFB, GUIDANCE DOCUMENT, LITERATURE REVIEW D. W. DEPAO, S. E. HERBES, J. H . WILSON...D. K. SOLOMON, AND H . L. JENNINGS MARTIN-MARIETTA ENERGY SYSTEMS OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY P. O. BOX 2008 OAK RIDGE TN 37831 OTI AUGUST 1991 S...sificat,cn) (U) In Situ Soil Ver.ting - Full Scale Test Hill AFB, Guidance Document, Literature Review 2 PERSO’.AL AUTH-O’.S, a W ApP li- S_ T’.- erber:. H

  6. Structured Finite Volume Modeling of U.S. Navy Aircraft Engine Test Cells Task 2: Turboprop Engine Vol 1

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1993-06-01

    propeller was modeled using an actuator disk model, where in all of the net results of the propeller (wash, swirl, turbulence) are modeled as source...8217)DUCTI* ~ hVAILJZL TV D0*C) ME.UUT FULLY’ LEGIBLE FREPROI)UCTIM 𔃾S \\JiA~v~r (r7, CL w4 bj4 APPENDIX B COPY AVAUAEL TO e MonC DO* IOT flR=1 VULL...dynamics HVAC systems, energy loss measurement, power ARMY FlAP generation) BDG Shore Faciltes 3B Controls and electrical conservation (electrical systems

  7. High temperature alkali corrosion of ceramics in coal gas

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Pickrell, G.R.; Sun, T.; Brown, J.J.

    1992-02-24

    The high temperature alkali corrosion kinetics of SiC have been systematically investigated from 950 to 1100[degrees]C at 0.63 vol % alkali vapor concentration. The corrosion rate in the presence of alkaliis approximately 10[sup 4] to 10[sup 5] times faster than the oxidation rate of SiC in air. The activation energy associated with the alkali corrosion is 406 kJ/mol, indicating a highly temperature-dependent reaction rate. The rate-controlling step of the overall reaction is likely to be the dissolution of silica in the sodium silicate liquid, based on the oxygen diffusivity data.

  8. Corrosion and Biofouling on the Non-Heat-Exchanger Surfaces of an Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Power Plant. A Survey

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1979-05-01

    8217• . 5-nitrothia~ol, 1 0 6 pesticides such as DDT1 0 6 and Nopcocide, 1 0 7 and juverile hormones. 1 0 8 Organometallic compounds that have...Technology, Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 321-327 (1966). 61. Basil . .J. 1., "Report of Test , t Plastic Panels Exoosed in Sea- wate for One Year at Wrightsville Reacli...34 Proceedings of Controlled Release Pesticides Symposium, Wright State UnIv., Dayton, Ohict (1975). 85. Dick, R. J. et al., "Analysis of Buoy Coating

  9. Bibliography, subject index, and author index of the literature examined by the Radiation Shielding Information Center (Reactor and Weapons Radiation Shielding). [1973--1976

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Not Available

    1978-01-01

    An indexed bibliography is presented of literature selected by the Radiation Shielding Information Center since the previous volume was published in 1974 in the area of radiation transport and shielding against radiation from nuclear reactors, x-ray machines, radioisotopes, nuclear weapons (including fallout), and low-energy accelerators (e.g., neutron generators). In addition to lists of literature titles by subject categories (accessions 3501-4950), author and keyword indexes are given. Most of the literature selected for Vol. V was published in the years 1973 to 1976.

  10. Lifecycle Cost Assessment of Fuel Cell Technologies for Soldier Power System Applications. Paper and Presentation for the 43rd Power Sources Conference held 8-9 July 2008, Philadelphia, PA

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2008-07-09

    PEMFC in Federal Markets,” 2007 Fuel Cell Seminar, San Antonio, TX, 17 October 2007. 7. Fok, K., “Metal Hydride Fuel Cells: Increases in Power...Lauderdale, FL, March 17-20, 2008. 10. Zhao J., et al, “Reclaim/recycle of Pt/C catalysts for PEMFC ,” Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 48...hydrogen PEMFC or SOFC systems – Baratto et al, Journal of Power Sources – Citigroup, Dist. Telecom Backup – Battelle, Fuel Cell Seminar 2007 • Fuel

  11. The effectiveness of aerobic training, cognitive behavioural therapy, and energy conservation management in treating MS-related fatigue: the design of the TREFAMS-ACE programme

    PubMed Central

    2013-01-01

    Background TREFAMS is an acronym for TReating FAtigue in Multiple Sclerosis, while ACE refers to the rehabilitation treatment methods under study, that is, Aerobic training, Cognitive behavioural therapy, and Energy conservation management. The TREFAMS-ACE research programme consists of four studies and has two main objectives: (1) to assess the effectiveness of three different rehabilitation treatment strategies in reducing fatigue and improving societal participation in patients with MS; and (2) to study the neurobiological mechanisms of action that underlie treatment effects and MS-related fatigue in general. Methods/Design Ambulatory patients (n = 270) suffering from MS-related fatigue will be recruited to three single-blinded randomised clinical trials (RCTs). In each RCT, 90 patients will be randomly allocated to the trial-specific intervention or to a low-intensity intervention that is the same for all RCTs. This low-intensity intervention consists of three individual consultations with a specialised MS-nurse. The trial-specific interventions are Aerobic Training, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, and Energy Conservation Management. These interventions consist of 12 individual therapist-supervised sessions with additional intervention-specific home exercises. The therapy period lasts 16 weeks. All RCTs have the same design and the same primary outcome measures: fatigue - measured with the Checklist Individual Strength, and participation - measured with the Impact on Participation and Autonomy questionnaire. Outcomes will be assessed 1 week prior to, and at 0, 8, 16, 26 and 52 weeks after randomisation. The assessors will be blinded to allocation. Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in serum, salivary cortisol, physical fitness, physical activity, coping, self-efficacy, illness cognitions and other determinants will be longitudinally measured in order to study the neurobiological mechanisms of action. Discussion The TREFAMS-ACE programme is unique in its aim to assess the effectiveness of three rehabilitation treatments. The programme will provide important insights regarding the most effective treatment for MS-related fatigue and the mechanisms that underlie treatment response. A major strength of the programme is that the design involves three almost identical RCTs, enabling a close comparison of the treatment strategies and a strong overall meta-analysis. The results will also support clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of MS-related fatigue. Trial registrations Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN69520623, ISRCTN58583714, and ISRCTN82353628 PMID:23938046

  12. On Complex Nuclei Energetics in LENR

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Miley, George H.; Hora, Heinz

    2005-03-01

    Swimming Electron Layer (SEL) theory plus fission of ``complex nuclei'' were proposed earlier to explain reaction products observed in electrolysis with multi-layer thin-film metallic electrodesootnotetext1.G.H. Miley, and J.A. Patterson, J. New Energy, Vol. 1, pp.11-15, (1996).. SEL was then extended to treat gas-diffusion driven transmutation experimentsootnotetextG. H. Miley and H. Hora, ``Nuclear Reactions in Solids,'' APS DNP Mtg., East Lansing, MI, Oct (2002).. It is also consistent with measured charged-particle emission during thin-film electrolysis and x-ray emission during plasma bombardment experimentsootnotetextA. Karabut, ``X-ray emission in high-current glow discharge,'' Proc., ICCF-9, Beijing China, May (2002).. The binding energy per complex nucleon can be estimated by an energy balance combined with identification of products for each complex e.g. complexes of A 39 have ˜ 0.05 MeV/Nucleon, etc, in thin film electrolysis. Energies in gas diffusion experiments are lower due to the reduced trap site potential at the multi-atom surface. In the case of x-ray emission, complexes involve subsurface defect center traps, giving only a few keV/Nucleon, consistent with experiments^3.

  13. Determination of Energy Independent Neutron Densities using Dirac Phenomenology based on the RIA

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Clark, B. C.; Kerr, L. J.; Hama, S.; Mercer, R. L.

    2002-04-01

    A new method for extracting neutron densities from intermediate energy elastic proton-nucleus scattering observables using a global Dirac phenomenological (DP) approach based on the Relativistic Impulse Approximation (RIA) is presented. (B. C. Clark, et al.) BAPS Vol 46, No. 7 pg.139, 2001. We have considered data sets for ^40Ca, ^48Ca and ^208Pb and energies from 500 MeV to 1040 MeV. The global fits are successful in reproducing the data and in predicting data sets not included in the analysis. Using this global DP approach we have obtained energy independent neutron densities. The vector point proton density distribution, ρ^p_v, is determined from the empirical charge density after unfolding the proton form factor. The other densities, ρ^n_v, ρ^p_s, ρ^n_s, are parameterized using the cosh form given in our paper on global DP optical potentials.(E. D. Cooper, et al.) Phys Rev. 47C, pg. 297, 1993 Neutron skin thicknesses extracted using the global analysis are compared to predictions from theoretical models.

  14. Kinetics of ultrasound-assisted extraction of antioxidant polyphenols from food by-products: Extraction and energy consumption optimization.

    PubMed

    Pradal, Delphine; Vauchel, Peggy; Decossin, Stéphane; Dhulster, Pascal; Dimitrov, Krasimir

    2016-09-01

    Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of antioxidant polyphenols from chicory grounds was studied in order to propose a suitable valorization of this food industry by-product. The main parameters influencing the extraction process were identified. A new mathematical model for multi-criteria optimization of UAE was proposed. This kinetic model permitted the following and the prediction of the yield of extracted polyphenols, the antioxidant activity of the obtained extracts and the energy consumption during the extraction process in wide ranges of temperature (20-60°C), ethanol content in the solvent (0-60% (vol.) in ethanol-water mixtures) and ultrasound power (0-100W). After experimental validation of the model, several simulations at different technological restrictions were performed to illustrate the potentiality of the model to find the optimal conditions for obtaining a given yield within minimal process duration or with minimal energy consumption. The advantage of ultrasound assistance was clearly demonstrated both for the reduction of extraction duration and for the reduction of energy consumption. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  15. Effect of energy-efficient measures in building construction on indoor radon in Russia.

    PubMed

    Vasilyev, A; Yarmoshenko, I

    2017-04-28

    The effect of implementation of energy-efficient measures in building construction was studied. Analysis includes study of indoor radon in energy-efficient buildings in Ekaterinburg, Russia, and results of radiation measurements in 83 regions of Russia conducted within the regional programmes. The forecast distribution of radon concentration in Ekaterinburg was built with regard to the city development programme. With Ekaterinburg taken as representative case, forecast distribution of radon concentration in Russia in 2030 was built. In comparison with 2000, average radon concentration increases by a factor of 1.42 in 2030 year; percentage above the reference level 300 Bq/m3 increases by a factor of 4 in 2030 year. It is necessary to perceive such an increase with all seriousness and to prepare appropriate measures for optimization of protection against indoor radon. Despite the high uncertainty, reconstructed distribution of radon concentration can be applied for justification of measures to be incorporated in the radon mitigation strategy. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

  16. Compiling probabilistic, bio-inspired circuits on a field programmable analog array

    PubMed Central

    Marr, Bo; Hasler, Jennifer

    2014-01-01

    A field programmable analog array (FPAA) is presented as an energy and computational efficiency engine: a mixed mode processor for which functions can be compiled at significantly less energy costs using probabilistic computing circuits. More specifically, it will be shown that the core computation of any dynamical system can be computed on the FPAA at significantly less energy per operation than a digital implementation. A stochastic system that is dynamically controllable via voltage controlled amplifier and comparator thresholds is implemented, which computes Bernoulli random variables. From Bernoulli variables it is shown exponentially distributed random variables, and random variables of an arbitrary distribution can be computed. The Gillespie algorithm is simulated to show the utility of this system by calculating the trajectory of a biological system computed stochastically with this probabilistic hardware where over a 127X performance improvement over current software approaches is shown. The relevance of this approach is extended to any dynamical system. The initial circuits and ideas for this work were generated at the 2008 Telluride Neuromorphic Workshop. PMID:24847199

  17. Perspectives of co-operation with the World Bank towards elimination of low emission sources in Krakow

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Goerlich, K.

    1995-12-31

    I am not going to speak about or for the World Bank. More time and a different scope of the conference would be needed in order to more deeply assess the role of the World Bank and other international lenders and donors in the environmental and energy sectors in Poland. I am going to stay within the context of the Krakow Clean Fossil Fuels and Energy Efficiency Project financed by the US AID and managed by the US DOE (called here for simplicity the Krakow Programme). However, in order to assess a role of the World Bank and other internationalmore » lenders and donors in the pro-environment transformation of the energy systems of Krakow, one needs to briefly discuss: the possibilities and confinements related to the {open_quotes}technology{close_quotes} of disbursement of the financial resources by the multilateral development banks (MDB`s) in Poland, the type of results obtained within the {open_quotes}Krakow Programme{close_quotes} and a concept of involving American commercial companies to implement the clean-air policy for Krakow.« less

  18. Heavy-flavour and quarkonium production in the LHC era: from proton-proton to heavy-ion collisions

    DOE PAGES

    Andronic, A.; Arleo, F.; Arnaldi, R.; ...

    2016-02-29

    This report reviews the study of open heavy-flavour and quarkonium production in high-energy hadronic collisions, as tools to investigate fundamental aspects of Quantum Chromodynamics, from the proton and nucleus structure at high energy to deconfinement and the properties of the Quark-Gluon Plasma. Emphasis is given to the lessons learnt from LHC Run 1 results, which are reviewed in a global picture with the results from SPS and RHIC at lower energies, as well as to the questions to be addressed in the future. The report covers heavy flavour and quarkonium production in proton-proton, proton-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions. This includes discussionmore » of the effects of hot and cold strongly interacting matter, quarkonium photo-production in nucleus-nucleus collisions and perspectives on the study of heavy flavour and quarkonium with upgrades of existing experiments and new experiments. The report results from the activity of the SaporeGravis network of the I3 Hadron Physics programme of the European Union 7th Framework Programme.« less

  19. Synchronously Pumped Optical Parametric Oscillator with Intracavity Difference Frequency Mixing

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1998-06-29

    Phys. B, vol. 63, no. 5, pp. 437-441, 1996. [11] T. Töpfer, K. P. Petrov, Y. Mine, L. E. Myers, and R. W. Wallace , "Room- temperature midinfrared...generation in diazo-dye-substitured polymer channel waveguides," IEEE J. of Quant. Electron., vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 349-357, 1997. [56] A. Szilagyi ...periodically poled lithium- niobate," Opt. Lett, vol. 23, no. 9, pp. 664-666, 1998. [119] W. R. Bosenberg, J. I. Alexander, L. E. Myers, and R. W. Wallace

  20. Bibliography of Literature on China’s Glaciers and Permafrost. Part I. 1938-1979.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1982-09-01

    The Quaternary Period Glaciers of China. Kexue Chubanshe, 1975. Li Chengsan and Guo Lingzhi : Glacier topography at Kangding-bianfu. Dizhi Lunping...Vol. 4, No. 1, 1939. Li Chengsan and Gao Yongyuan: Glacier topography in the Daba Shan at Guangyuan. Dili, Vol. 2, Nos. 1-2, 1942. Guo Lingzhi ...Mountains region. Zhongguo Disiji Yanjiu, Vol. 1, No. 1, 1958. Guo Lingzhi and Xue Yuqun: A discussion of the relationship of the Fen River and the

  1. Uncovering the Physical Basis Connecting Environment and Tribological Performance of Ultrananocrystalline Diamond

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2012-10-05

    Anisotropic Nanotribological Properties,” Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, Vol. 4, Issue 4, pp. 515-522 (SCI) Kuo -Cheng Chen...Nanodiamond With the Polymer Used as an Additive in Lubricant Oil,” Journal of Materials Chemistry, Vol. 21, pp. 13213-13222 (SCI) Chih- Jung Chen, Ray...Deep Submicron to Nano-Scale,” Journal of Mechanics, Vol. 28, Issue 3, pp. 507-511 (SCI) Yeau-Ren Jeng, Yi-Min Wang, Hua-Chiang Wen, Shih -Ming Huang

  2. The Navy Enlistment Field Marketing Experiment. Volume 3. An Empirical Investigation of Navy Recruiter Productivity

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1982-10-15

    Individual Difference, Interpersonal, and Situational Factors’, Journal of Marketing Research , Vol. 15, November, pp. 517-531. 2. Beswick, C. A., and...D. W. Cravens (1977), "A Multistage Decision Model 7, for Salesforce Management", Journal of Marketing Research , Vol 14, May, pp 135-144. 3. Brown, A...Jr. (1976), "Organi- zational Climate and Job Satisfaction in the Salesforce," Journal of Marketing Research , Vol. 13, November, pp. 323-332. 6

  3. Neural Network Retinal Model Real Time Implementation

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1992-09-02

    Photoreceptor Coupling and Synapse Nonlinearity on Signal:Noise Ratio in Early Visual Processing", Proc. R. Soc. London, Vol. B 234, pp. 171-197 (1988). [8...Barlow, H.B. and Levick , W.R., "The Mechanism of Directionally Selective Units in the Rabbit’s Retina", J. Physiol. (London), Vol. 178, pp. 477-504 (1965...Vol. B 298, pp. 227-264 (1982). [101 Werblin, F.S., Maguire, G., Lukasiewicz, P., Eliasof, S., and Wu, S., "Neural Interactions Mediating Detection of

  4. Parallel Attack and the Enemy’s Decision Making Process

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1998-04-01

    Theory Coursebook , Vol 2, Sept 1997, p 365 8 Joint Publication 3-0, Doctrine for Joint Operations, 1 Feb 1995, p III-11 9 Gorrell, LtCol Edgar S., “The...Behavioral Strategies,” Journal of the American Statistical Association, Vol 90, Issue 432, December, 1995, p1137 3 Joint Publication 5-0, Doctrine for...Strategies,” Journal of the American Statistical Association, Vol 90, Issue 432, December, 1995, p1137 Allison, Graham T., “Conceptual Models and the Cuban

  5. Improving Oversight and Coordination of Department of Defense Programs That Address Problematic Behaviors Among Military Personnel

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2017-01-01

    Alcohol on Human Aggression: An Integrative Research Review,” Psychological Bulletin, Vol. 107, No. 3, May 1990, pp. 341–354; Stephen T. Chermack and...Peter R. Giancola, “The Relation Between Alcohol and Aggression: An Integrated Biopsychosocial Conceptualization,” Clinical Psychology Review, Vol...M. Jackson and Kenneth J. Sher, “Conjoint Developmental Trajectories of Young Adult Alcohol and Tobacco Use,” Journal of Abnormal Psychology , Vol

  6. Lightweight Portable Plasma Medical Device - Plasma Engineering Research Laboratory

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2014-10-01

    34Optical study of radicals (OH, O, H, N) in a needle- plate negative pulsed streamer corona discharge ," Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing, vol. 26...pulsed corona discharge ," European Physical Journal D, vol. 38, pp. 515-522, Jun 2006. [35] W. Wang, S. Wang, F. Liu, W. Zheng, and D. Wang, "Optical...study of OH radical in a wire-plate pulsed corona discharge ," Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, vol. 63, pp. 477

  7. SINGER: A Computer Code for General Analysis of Two-Dimensional Reinforced Concrete Structures. Volume 1. Solution Process

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1975-05-01

    Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Santiago de Chile, 13-18 January 1969, Vol. I , Session B2, Chilean Association oil Seismology and Earth- quake...Nuclear Agency May 1975 DISTRIBUTED BY: KJ National Technical Information Service U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ^804J AFWL-TR-74-228, Vol. I ...CM o / i ’•fu.r ) V V AFWL-TR- 74-228 Vol. I SINGER: A COMPUTER CODE FOR GENERAL ANALYSIS OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL CONCRETE STRUCTURES Volum« I

  8. Designing Military Pay. Contributions and Implications of the Economics Literature

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1993-01-01

    34Time, Salary, and Incentive Payoffs in Labor Contracts," Journal of Labor Economics , VoL 9, No. 1, 1991, pp. 25-44. Foulkes, Fred K., Personnel...Edward Lazear, "The Excess Sensitivity of Layoffs and Quits to Demand," Journal of Labor Economics , VoL 2, No. 2,1984, pp. 233-257. Hashimoto, Masanori...34 Research in Labor Economics , VoL 9, Ronald Ehrenberg, ed., Ithaca, New York: JAI Press, Cornell University, 1988, pp. 225-256. Mellow, Wesley, "Employer Size

  9. Soil Column Evaluation of Factors Controlling Biodegradation of DNT in the Vadose Zone

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2003-01-01

    Environ. Sci. Technol. 2003, 37, 3382-3391 3382 9 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY / VOL. 37, NO. 15, 2003 10.1021/es021066s CCC: $25.00  2003 American...American Society of Agronomy: Madison, WI, 1986; pp 363-375. c EPA 600/2-78-054. VOL. 37, NO. 15, 2003 / ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 9 3383...initial concentration of 2,4-DNT was 5 mM 3384 9 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY / VOL. 37, NO. 15, 2003 To ensure accurate quantification of

  10. America’s Holy War

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2006-04-14

    Journal. 24 April 2002. http://www.mepc.org/public_asp/journal/ vol10 /0306_alqaeda.asp accessed on 21 Sept 05. 21 “Translation of April 24, 2002 al...Qaeda document”. Middle East Policy Council Journal. 24 April 2002. http://www.mepc.org/public_asp/journal/ vol10 /0306_alqaeda.asp accessed on 21 Sept... vol10 /0306_alqaeda.asp accessed on 21 Sept 05. 23 “Osama bin Laden’s Speech on the Eve of the 2004 US Elections”. The Middle East Media Research

  11. Optical Emission Studies of the NRL Plasma Torch for the Shipboard Waste Treatment Program

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1999-02-26

    Arc Heating of Molten Steel in a Tundish", Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing, Vol.14, pp.361-381,1994. [3] H. Herman, "Plasma-sprayed...Treatment", Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing, Vol.15, pp.677-692,1995. [5] S. Paik and H.D. Nguyen, "Numerical Modeling of Multiphase Plasma/Soil Row...Gleizes, S. Vacquie and P. Brunelot, "Modeling of the Cathode Jet of a High- Power Transferred Arc", Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing, Vol.13

  12. Coast Guard Proceedings. Volume 69, Number 4 /Volume 70, Number 1. Winter 2012/Spring 2013

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2013-01-01

    Investigation School: Providing world-class marine casualty investigating officer training. p. 31 Sekimizu, Mr. Koji Vol. 69, No. 2; 1912 – 2012: 100 Years of...Sekimizu, Mr. Koji Vol. 69, No. 2; 1912 – 2012: 100 Years of Marine Safety; Summer 2012; International Maritime Organization: 100 years after the Titanic...Congressman James Sener Award for Excellence in Marine Investigations. p. 15 Sekimizu, Mr. Koji Vol. 69, No. 2; 1912 – 2012: 100 Years of Marine

  13. Relevance of Red Book Information to the Directorate of Engineering and Housing Decisionmaking Process

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1990-09-01

    decisionmaking. (Adapted from: R. J. Boland, Jr., "Sense-Making of Accounting Data as a Technique of Organizational Diagnosis ," Management Science, Vol 30, No...Making of Accounting Data as a Technique of Organizational Diagnosis ," Managenent Science, Vol 30, No. 7 (July 1984), pp 868-882. 49 Decisionmaking...Third Edition (Irwin, 1984). Boland, R.J., Jr., "Sense-Making of Accounting Data as a Technique of Organizational Diagnosis ," Management Science, Vol 30

  14. A Study on the Bionomics of Anopheles darlingi Root (Diptera: Culicidae) in Belize, Central America

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2004-03-01

    Mosquitoes of medical importance. U.S. Dep. Agric. Agric. Handb. 152. Forattini, O.P. 1962. Entomologia medica vol. I. Faculdade de Higiene e Saude Publica...meridional do Brasil. Rev. Saude Publ., S. Paulo. 21: 291-304. Forattini, O.P. 1962. Entomologia medica vol. I. Faculdade de Higiene e Saude...152. Forattini, O.P. 1962. Entomologia medica vol. I. Faculdade de Higiene e Saude Publica, Sao Paulo, Brazil. 662 pp. Grieco, J.P. 2001. The

  15. Autonomous Sonar Classification Using Expert Systems

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1992-06-01

    34Multisensor Integration and Fusion in Intelligent System," ZEEE Tmnsactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, vol. 19 no. 5, September/Octciber...34 University of California Santa Barbara Department of Computer Science Technical Report TRCS89-06, February 1989. ZEEE , vol. 71 no. 7, July 1983, pp. 872...AutonomousUnderwater Vehicles" , Proceedingsof the ZEEE Oceanic Engineering Society Conference A W 92, Washington DC, June 1992. Corkill, Daniel, "BlackboardSystems," AIErpert, vol. 6 no. 9, September 1991, pp. 40-47. 559

  16. Atmospheric Chemiluminescence: COCHISE (COld CHemical Infrared Simulation Experiment) and Related Experiments.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1982-10-13

    35. 𔄁. Wiese, W.L., Smith, M.W., and Miles , B.M. (1969) Atomic Transition Probabilities, Vol. II, NSRDS-NBS 22. 8. Green, B.D., private communication...sidearms simultane- ously changes the flow velocity (that is, the residence time) and the ratio of charge to number density E/N in the discharge plasma , as...Levels, Vol. I, NSRDS-NBS 35. 7. Wiese, W. L., Smith, M. W., and Miles , B. M. (1969’, Atomic Transition Probabilities, Vol. II, NSRDS-NBS 22. 8. Green, B

  17. Pulsed corona discharge oxidation of aqueous lignin: decomposition and aldehydes formation.

    PubMed

    Panorel, Iris; Kaijanen, Laura; Kornev, Iakov; Preis, Sergei; Louhi-Kultanen, Marjatta; Sirén, Heli

    2014-01-01

    Lignin is the mass waste product of pulp and paper industry mostly incinerated for energy recovery. Lignin is, however, a substantial source of raw material for derivatives currently produced in costly wet oxidation processes. The pulsed corona discharge (PCD) for the first time was applied to lignin oxidation aiming a cost-effective environmentally friendly lignin removal and transformation to aldehydes. The experimental research into treatment of coniferous kraft lignin aqueous solutions was undertaken to establish the dependence of lignin oxidation and aldehyde formation on the discharge parameters, initial concentration of lignin and gas phase composition. The rate and the energy efficiency of lignin oxidation increased with increasing oxygen concentration reaching up to 82 g kW-1 h-1 in 89% vol. oxygen. Oxidation energy efficiency in PCD treatment exceeds the one for conventional ozonation by the factor of two under the experimental conditions. Oxidation at low oxygen concentrations showed a tendency of the increasing aldehydes and glyoxylic acid formation yield.

  18. Experimental data showing the thermal behavior of a flat roof with phase change material.

    PubMed

    Tokuç, Ayça; Başaran, Tahsin; Yesügey, S Cengiz

    2015-12-01

    The selection and configuration of building materials for optimal energy efficiency in a building require some assumptions and models for the thermal behavior of the utilized materials. Although the models for many materials can be considered acceptable for simulation and calculation purposes, the work for modeling the real time behavior of phase change materials is still under development. The data given in this article shows the thermal behavior of a flat roof element with a phase change material (PCM) layer. The temperature and energy given to and taken from the building element are reported. In addition the solid-liquid behavior of the PCM is tracked through images. The resulting thermal behavior of the phase change material is discussed and simulated in [1] A. Tokuç, T. Başaran, S.C. Yesügey, An experimental and numerical investigation on the use of phase change materials in building elements: the case of a flat roof in Istanbul, Build. Energy, vol. 102, 2015, pp. 91-104.

  19. Finite element modelling of crash response of composite aerospace sub-floor structures

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    McCarthy, M. A.; Harte, C. G.; Wiggenraad, J. F. M.; Michielsen, A. L. P. J.; Kohlgrüber, D.; Kamoulakos, A.

    Composite energy-absorbing structures for use in aircraft are being studied within a European Commission research programme (CRASURV - Design for Crash Survivability). One of the aims of the project is to evaluate the current capabilities of crashworthiness simulation codes for composites modelling. This paper focuses on the computational analysis using explicit finite element analysis, of a number of quasi-static and dynamic tests carried out within the programme. It describes the design of the structures, the analysis techniques used, and the results of the analyses in comparison to the experimental test results. It has been found that current multi-ply shell models are capable of modelling the main energy-absorbing processes at work in such structures. However some deficiencies exist, particularly in modelling fabric composites. Developments within the finite element code are taking place as a result of this work which will enable better representation of composite fabrics.

  20. Scaling of Convex Hull Volume to Body Mass in Modern Primates, Non-Primate Mammals and Birds

    PubMed Central

    Brassey, Charlotte A.; Sellers, William I.

    2014-01-01

    The volumetric method of ‘convex hulling’ has recently been put forward as a mass prediction technique for fossil vertebrates. Convex hulling involves the calculation of minimum convex hull volumes (vol CH) from the complete mounted skeletons of modern museum specimens, which are subsequently regressed against body mass (M b) to derive predictive equations for extinct species. The convex hulling technique has recently been applied to estimate body mass in giant sauropods and fossil ratites, however the biomechanical signal contained within vol CH has remained unclear. Specifically, when vol CH scaling departs from isometry in a group of vertebrates, how might this be interpreted? Here we derive predictive equations for primates, non-primate mammals and birds and compare the scaling behaviour of M b to vol CH between groups. We find predictive equations to be characterised by extremely high correlation coefficients (r 2 = 0.97–0.99) and low mean percentage prediction error (11–20%). Results suggest non-primate mammals scale body mass to vol CH isometrically (b = 0.92, 95%CI = 0.85–1.00, p = 0.08). Birds scale body mass to vol CH with negative allometry (b = 0.81, 95%CI = 0.70–0.91, p = 0.011) and apparent density (vol CH/M b) therefore decreases with mass (r 2 = 0.36, p<0.05). In contrast, primates scale body mass to vol CH with positive allometry (b = 1.07, 95%CI = 1.01–1.12, p = 0.05) and apparent density therefore increases with size (r 2 = 0.46, p = 0.025). We interpret such departures from isometry in the context of the ‘missing mass’ of soft tissues that are excluded from the convex hulling process. We conclude that the convex hulling technique can be justifiably applied to the fossil record when a large proportion of the skeleton is preserved. However we emphasise the need for future studies to quantify interspecific variation in the distribution of soft tissues such as muscle, integument and body fat. PMID:24618736

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