Impact of hydrogen SAE J2601 fueling methods on fueling time of light-duty fuel cell electric vehicles

DOE PAGES

Reddi, Krishna; Elgowainy, Amgad; Rustagi, Neha; ...

2017-05-16

Hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles (HFCEVs) are zero-emission vehicles (ZEVs) that can provide drivers a similar experience to conventional internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs), in terms of fueling time and performance (i.e. power and driving range). The Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) developed fueling protocol J2601 for light-duty HFCEVs to ensure safe vehicle fills while maximizing fueling performance. This study employs a physical model that simulates and compares the fueling performance of two fueling methods, known as the “lookup table” method and the “MC formula” method, within the SAE J2601 protocol. Both the fueling methods provide fast fueling of HFCEVsmore » within minutes, but the MC formula method takes advantage of active measurement of precooling temperature to dynamically control the fueling process, and thereby provides faster vehicle fills. Here, the MC formula method greatly reduces fueling time compared to the lookup table method at higher ambient temperatures, as well as when the precooling temperature falls on the colder side of the expected temperature window for all station types. Although the SAE J2601 lookup table method is the currently implemented standard for refueling hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, the MC formula method provides significant fueling time advantages in certain conditions; these warrant its implementation in future hydrogen refueling stations for better customer satisfaction with fueling experience of HFCEVs.« less

Impact of hydrogen SAE J2601 fueling methods on fueling time of light-duty fuel cell electric vehicles

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Reddi, Krishna; Elgowainy, Amgad; Rustagi, Neha

Hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles (HFCEVs) are zero-emission vehicles (ZEVs) that can provide drivers a similar experience to conventional internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs), in terms of fueling time and performance (i.e. power and driving range). The Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) developed fueling protocol J2601 for light-duty HFCEVs to ensure safe vehicle fills while maximizing fueling performance. This study employs a physical model that simulates and compares the fueling performance of two fueling methods, known as the “lookup table” method and the “MC formula” method, within the SAE J2601 protocol. Both the fueling methods provide fast fueling of HFCEVsmore » within minutes, but the MC formula method takes advantage of active measurement of precooling temperature to dynamically control the fueling process, and thereby provides faster vehicle fills. Here, the MC formula method greatly reduces fueling time compared to the lookup table method at higher ambient temperatures, as well as when the precooling temperature falls on the colder side of the expected temperature window for all station types. Although the SAE J2601 lookup table method is the currently implemented standard for refueling hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, the MC formula method provides significant fueling time advantages in certain conditions; these warrant its implementation in future hydrogen refueling stations for better customer satisfaction with fueling experience of HFCEVs.« less

Emission Impacts of Electric Vehicles in the US Transportation Sector Following Optimistic Cost and Efficiency Projections.

PubMed

Keshavarzmohammadian, Azadeh; Henze, Daven K; Milford, Jana B

2017-06-20

This study investigates emission impacts of introducing inexpensive and efficient electric vehicles into the US light duty vehicle (LDV) sector. Scenarios are explored using the ANSWER-MARKAL model with a modified version of the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) 9-region database. Modified cost and performance projections for LDV technologies are adapted from the National Research Council (2013) optimistic case. Under our optimistic scenario (OPT) we find 15% and 47% adoption of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) in 2030 and 2050, respectively. In contrast, gasoline vehicles (ICEVs) remain dominant through 2050 in the EPA reference case (BAU). Compared to BAU, OPT gives 16% and 36% reductions in LDV greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for 2030 and 2050, respectively, corresponding to 5% and 9% reductions in economy-wide emissions. Total nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds, and SO 2 emissions are similar in the two scenarios due to intersectoral shifts. Moderate, economy-wide GHG fees have little effect on GHG emissions from the LDV sector but are more effective in the electricity sector. In the OPT scenario, estimated well-to-wheels GHG emissions from full-size BEVs with 100-mile range are 62 gCO 2 -e mi -1 in 2050, while those from full-size ICEVs are 121 gCO 2 -e mi -1 .

Comparative genomic analysis of six new-found integrative conjugative elements (ICEs) in Vibrio alginolyticus.

PubMed

Luo, Peng; He, Xiangyan; Wang, Yanhong; Liu, Qiuting; Hu, Chaoqun

2016-05-04

Vibrio alginolyticus is ubiquitous in marine and estuarine environments. In 2012-2013, SXT/R391-like integrative conjugative elements (ICEs) in environmental V. alginolyticus strains were discovered and found to occur in 8.9 % of 192 V. alginolyticus strains, which suggests that V. alginolyticus may be a natural pool possessing resourceful ICEs. However, complete ICE sequences originating from this bacterium have not been reported, which represents a significant barrier to characterizing the ICEs of this bacterium and exploring their relationships with other ICEs. In the present study, we acquired six ICE sequences from five V. alginolyticus strains and performed a comparative analysis of these ICE genomes. A sequence analysis showed that there were only 14 variable bases dispersed between ICEValE0601 and ICEValHN492. ICEValE0601 and ICEValHN492 were treated as the same ICE. ICEValA056-1, ICEValE0601 and ICEValHN492 integrate into the 5' end of the host's prfC gene, and their Int and Xis share at least 97 % identity with their counterparts from SXT. ICEValE0601 or ICEValHN492 contain 50 of 52 conserved core genes in the SXT/R391 ICEs (not s025 or s026). ICEValA056-2, ICEValHN396 and ICEValHN437 have a different tRNA-ser integration site and a distinct int/xis module; however, the remaining backbone genes are highly similar to their counterparts in SXT/R391 ICEs. DNA sequences inserted into hotspot and variable regions of the ICEs are of various sizes. The variable genes of six ICEs encode a large array of functions to bestow various adaptive abilities upon their hosts, and only ICEValA056-1 contains drug-resistant genes. Many variable genes have orthologous and functionally related genes to those found in SXT/R391 ICEs, such as genes coding for a toxin-antitoxin system, a restriction-modification system, helicases and endonucleases. Six ICEs also contain a large number of unique genes or gene clusters that were not found in other ICEs. Six ICEs harbor more abundant transposase genes compared with other parts of their host genomes. A phylogenetic analysis indicated that transposase genes in these ICEs are highly diverse. ICEValA056-1, ICEValE0601 and ICEValHN492 are typical members of the SXT/R391 family. ICEValA056-2, ICEValHN396 and ICEValHN437 form a new atypical group belonging to the SXT/R391 family. In addition to the many genes found to be present in other ICEs, six ICEs contain a large number of unique genes or gene clusters that were not found in other ICEs. ICEs may serve as a carrier for transposable genetic elements (TEs) and largely facilitate the dissemination of TEs.

Enabling fast charging - Infrastructure and economic considerations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Burnham, Andrew; Dufek, Eric J.; Stephens, Thomas; Francfort, James; Michelbacher, Christopher; Carlson, Richard B.; Zhang, Jiucai; Vijayagopal, Ram; Dias, Fernando; Mohanpurkar, Manish; Scoffield, Don; Hardy, Keith; Shirk, Matthew; Hovsapian, Rob; Ahmed, Shabbir; Bloom, Ira; Jansen, Andrew N.; Keyser, Matthew; Kreuzer, Cory; Markel, Anthony; Meintz, Andrew; Pesaran, Ahmad; Tanim, Tanvir R.

2017-11-01

The ability to charge battery electric vehicles (BEVs) on a time scale that is on par with the time to fuel an internal combustion engine vehicle (ICEV) would remove a significant barrier to the adoption of BEVs. However, for viability, fast charging at this time scale needs to also occur at a price that is acceptable to consumers. Therefore, the cost drivers for both BEV owners and charging station providers are analyzed. In addition, key infrastructure considerations are examined, including grid stability and delivery of power, the design of fast charging stations and the design and use of electric vehicle service equipment. Each of these aspects have technical barriers that need to be addressed, and are directly linked to economic impacts to use and implementation. This discussion focuses on both the economic and infrastructure issues which exist and need to be addressed for the effective implementation of fast charging at 400 kW and above. In so doing, it has been found that there is a distinct need to effectively manage the intermittent, high power demand of fast charging, strategically plan infrastructure corridors, and to further understand the cost of operation of charging infrastructure and BEVs.

Cradle-to-Gate Emissions from a Commercial Electric Vehicle Li-Ion Battery: A Comparative Analysis.

PubMed

Kim, Hyung Chul; Wallington, Timothy J; Arsenault, Renata; Bae, Chulheung; Ahn, Suckwon; Lee, Jaeran

2016-07-19

We report the first cradle-to-gate emissions assessment for a mass-produced battery in a commercial battery electric vehicle (BEV); the lithium-ion battery pack used in the Ford Focus BEV. The assessment was based on the bill of materials and primary data from the battery industry, that is, energy and materials input data from the battery cell and pack supplier. Cradle-to-gate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for the 24 kWh Ford Focus lithium-ion battery are 3.4 metric tonnes of CO2-eq (140 kg CO2-eq per kWh or 11 kg CO2-eq per kg of battery). Cell manufacturing is the key contributor accounting for 45% of the GHG emissions. We review published studies of GHG emissions associated with battery production to compare and contrast with our results. Extending the system boundary to include the entire vehicle we estimate a 39% increase in the cradle-to-gate GHG emissions of the Focus BEV compared to the Focus internal combustion engine vehicle (ICEV), which falls within the range of literature estimates of 27-63% increases for hypothetical nonproduction BEVs. Our results reduce the uncertainties associated with assessment of BEV battery production, serve to identify opportunities to reduce emissions, and confirm previous assessments that BEVs have great potential to reduce GHG emissions over the full life cycle and provide local emission free mobility.

Enabling fast charging – Infrastructure and economic considerations

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Burnham, Andrew; Dufek, Eric J.; Stephens, Thomas

The ability to charge battery electric vehicles (BEVs) on a time scale that is on par with the time to fuel an internal combustion engine vehicle (ICEV) would remove a significant barrier to the adoption of BEVs. However, for viability, fast charging at this time scale needs to also occur at a price that is acceptable to consumers. Therefore, the cost drivers for both BEV owners and charging station providers are analyzed. In addition, key infrastructure considerations are examined, including grid stability and delivery of power, the design of fast charging stations and the design and use of electric vehiclemore » service equipment. Each of these aspects have technical barriers that need to be addressed, and are directly linked to economic impacts to use and implementation. This discussion focuses on both the economic and infrastructure issues which exist and need to be addressed for the effective implementation of fast charging at 400 kW and above. In so doing, it has been found that there is a distinct need to effectively manage the intermittent, high power demand of fast charging, strategically plan infrastructure corridors, and to further understand the cost of operation of charging infrastructure and BEVs.« less

Enabling fast charging – Infrastructure and economic considerations

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Burnham, Andrew; Dufek, Eric J.; Stephens, Thomas

The ability to charge battery electric vehicles (BEVs) on a time scale that is on par with the time to fuel an internal combustion engine vehicle (ICEV) would remove a significant barrier to the adoption of BEVs. However, for viability, fast charging at this time scale needs to also occur at a price that is acceptable to consumers. Therefore, the cost drivers for both BEV owners and charging station providers are analyzed. In addition, key infrastructure considerations are examined, including grid stability and delivery of power, the design of fast charging stations and the design and use of electric vehiclemore » service equipment. Each of these aspects have technical barriers that need to be addressed, and are directly linked to economic impacts to use and implementation. Here, this discussion focuses on both the economic and infrastructure issues which exist and need to be addressed for the effective implementation of fast charging up to 350 kW. In doing so, it has been found that there is a distinct need to effectively manage the intermittent, high power demand of fast charging, strategically plan infrastructure corridors, and to further understand the cost of operation of charging infrastructure and BEVs.« less

Enabling fast charging – Infrastructure and economic considerations

DOE PAGES

Burnham, Andrew; Dufek, Eric J.; Stephens, Thomas; ...

2017-10-23

The ability to charge battery electric vehicles (BEVs) on a time scale that is on par with the time to fuel an internal combustion engine vehicle (ICEV) would remove a significant barrier to the adoption of BEVs. However, for viability, fast charging at this time scale needs to also occur at a price that is acceptable to consumers. Therefore, the cost drivers for both BEV owners and charging station providers are analyzed. In addition, key infrastructure considerations are examined, including grid stability and delivery of power, the design of fast charging stations and the design and use of electric vehiclemore » service equipment. Each of these aspects have technical barriers that need to be addressed, and are directly linked to economic impacts to use and implementation. Here, this discussion focuses on both the economic and infrastructure issues which exist and need to be addressed for the effective implementation of fast charging up to 350 kW. In doing so, it has been found that there is a distinct need to effectively manage the intermittent, high power demand of fast charging, strategically plan infrastructure corridors, and to further understand the cost of operation of charging infrastructure and BEVs.« less

IceVal DatAssistant: An Interactive, Automated Icing Data Management System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Levinson, Laurie H.; Wright, William B.

2008-01-01

As with any scientific endeavor, the foundation of icing research at the NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC) is the data acquired during experimental testing. In the case of the GRC Icing Branch, an important part of this data consists of ice tracings taken following tests carried out in the GRC Icing Research Tunnel (IRT), as well as the associated operational and environmental conditions documented during these tests. Over the years, the large number of experimental runs completed has served to emphasize the need for a consistent strategy for managing this data. To address the situation, the Icing Branch has recently elected to implement the IceVal DatAssistant automated data management system. With the release of this system, all publicly available IRT-generated experimental ice shapes with complete and verifiable conditions have now been compiled into one electronically-searchable database. Simulation software results for the equivalent conditions, generated using the latest version of the LEWICE ice shape prediction code, are likewise included and are linked to the corresponding experimental runs. In addition to this comprehensive database, the IceVal system also includes a graphically-oriented database access utility, which provides reliable and easy access to all data contained in the database. In this paper, the issues surrounding historical icing data management practices are discussed, as well as the anticipated benefits to be achieved as a result of migrating to the new system. A detailed description of the software system features and database content is also provided; and, finally, known issues and plans for future work are presented.

IceVal DatAssistant: An Interactive, Automated Icing Data Management System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Levinson, Laurie H.; Wright, William B.

2008-01-01

As with any scientific endeavor, the foundation of icing research at the NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC) is the data acquired during experimental testing. In the case of the GRC Icing Branch, an important part of this data consists of ice tracings taken following tests carried out in the GRC Icing Research Tunnel (IRT), as well as the associated operational and environmental conditions during those tests. Over the years, the large number of experimental runs completed has served to emphasize the need for a consistent strategy to manage the resulting data. To address this situation, the Icing Branch has recently elected to implement the IceVal DatAssistant automated data management system. With the release of this system, all publicly available IRT-generated experimental ice shapes with complete and verifiable conditions have now been compiled into one electronically-searchable database; and simulation software results for the equivalent conditions, generated using the latest version of the LEWICE ice shape prediction code, are likewise included and linked to the corresponding experimental runs. In addition to this comprehensive database, the IceVal system also includes a graphically-oriented database access utility, which provides reliable and easy access to all data contained in the database. In this paper, the issues surrounding historical icing data management practices are discussed, as well as the anticipated benefits to be achieved as a result of migrating to the new system. A detailed description of the software system features and database content is also provided; and, finally, known issues and plans for future work are presented.

Remotely detected vehicle mass from engine torque-induced frame twisting

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

McKay, Troy R.; Salvaggio, Carl; Faulring, Jason W.; Sweeney, Glenn D.

2017-06-01

Determining the mass of a vehicle from ground-based passive sensor data is important for many traffic safety requirements. This work presents a method for calculating the mass of a vehicle using ground-based video and acoustic measurements. By assuming that no energy is lost in the conversion, the mass of a vehicle can be calculated from the rotational energy generated by the vehicle's engine and the linear acceleration of the vehicle over a period of time. The amount of rotational energy being output by the vehicle's engine can be calculated from its torque and angular velocity. This model relates remotely observed, engine torque-induced frame twist to engine torque output using the vehicle's suspension parameters and engine geometry. The angular velocity of the engine is extracted from the acoustic emission of the engine, and the linear acceleration of the vehicle is calculated by remotely observing the position of the vehicle over time. This method combines these three dynamic signals; engine induced-frame twist, engine angular velocity, and the vehicle's linear acceleration, and three vehicle specific scalar parameters, into an expression that describes the mass of the vehicle. This method was tested on a semitrailer truck, and the results demonstrate a correlation of 97.7% between calculated and true vehicle mass.

Dual Mission Scenarios for the Human Lunar Campaign - Performance, Cost and Risk Benefits

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Saucillo, Rudolph J.; Reeves, David M.; Chrone, Jonathan D.; Stromgren, Chel; Reeves, John D.; North, David D.

2008-01-01

Scenarios for human lunar operations with capabilities significantly beyond Constellation Program baseline missions are potentially feasible based on the concept of dual, sequential missions utilizing a common crew and a single Ares I/CEV (Crew Exploration Vehicle). For example, scenarios possible within the scope of baseline technology planning include outpost-based sortie missions and dual sortie missions. Top level cost benefits of these dual sortie scenarios may be estimated by comparison to the Constellation Program reference two-mission-per-year lunar campaign. The primary cost benefit is the accomplishment of Mission B with a "single launch solution" since no Ares I launch is required. Cumulative risk to the crew is lowered since crew exposure to launch risks and Earth return risks are reduced versus comparable Constellation Program reference two-mission-per-year scenarios. Payload-to-the-lunar-surface capability is substantially increased in the Mission B sortie as a result of additional propellant available for Lunar Lander #2 descent. This additional propellant is a result of EDS #2 transferring a smaller stack through trans-lunar injection and using remaining propellant to perform a portion of the lunar orbit insertion (LOI) maneuver. This paper describes these dual mission concepts, including cost, risk and performance benefits per lunar sortie site, and provides an initial feasibility assessment.

40 CFR 1051.301 - When must I test my production-line vehicles or engines?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... vehicles or engines? 1051.301 Section 1051.301 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR POLLUTION CONTROLS CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM RECREATIONAL ENGINES AND VEHICLES Testing Production-Line Vehicles and Engines § 1051.301 When must I test my production-line vehicles or engines? (a...

19 CFR 12.73 - Motor vehicle and engine compliance with Federal antipollution emission requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Motor vehicle and engine compliance with Federal... Vehicles, Motor Vehicle Engines and Nonroad Engines Under the Clean Air Act, As Amended § 12.73 Motor vehicle and engine compliance with Federal antipollution emission requirements. (a) Applicability of EPA...

19 CFR 12.73 - Motor vehicle and engine compliance with Federal antipollution emission requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Motor vehicle and engine compliance with Federal... Vehicles, Motor Vehicle Engines and Nonroad Engines Under the Clean Air Act, As Amended § 12.73 Motor vehicle and engine compliance with Federal antipollution emission requirements. (a) Applicability of EPA...

19 CFR 12.73 - Motor vehicle and engine compliance with Federal antipollution emission requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Motor vehicle and engine compliance with Federal... Vehicles, Motor Vehicle Engines and Nonroad Engines Under the Clean Air Act, As Amended § 12.73 Motor vehicle and engine compliance with Federal antipollution emission requirements. (a) Applicability of EPA...

40 CFR 69.52 - Non-motor vehicle diesel fuel.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... diesel vehicles and engines Its use may damage these vehicles and engines. For use in all other diesel vehicles and engines. (ii) 15 ppm sulfur diesel fuel. From June 1, 2006 through May 31, 2010. ULTRA-LOW... and engines. Recommended for use in all diesel vehicles and engines. (iii) 15 ppm sulfur diesel fuel...

40 CFR 1051.310 - How must I select vehicles or engines for production-line testing?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 32 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false How must I select vehicles or engines... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR POLLUTION CONTROLS CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM RECREATIONAL ENGINES AND VEHICLES Testing Production-Line Vehicles and Engines § 1051.310 How must I select vehicles or engines for...

49 CFR 173.220 - Internal combustion engines, self-propelled vehicles, mechanical equipment containing internal...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... vehicles, mechanical equipment containing internal combustion engines, and battery powered vehicles or... equipment containing internal combustion engines, and battery powered vehicles or equipment. (a... internal combustion engine, or a battery powered vehicle or equipment is subject to the requirements of...

40 CFR 85.1702 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... POLLUTION FROM MOBILE SOURCES Exclusion and Exemption of Motor Vehicles and Motor Vehicle Engines § 85.1702... for the purpose of exporting new motor vehicles or new motor vehicle engines. (2) National security...-certification vehicle engine means an uncertified heavy-duty engine owned by a manufacturer and used in a manner...

40 CFR 85.1702 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... POLLUTION FROM MOBILE SOURCES Exclusion and Exemption of Motor Vehicles and Motor Vehicle Engines § 85.1702... for the purpose of exporting new motor vehicles or new motor vehicle engines. (2) National security...-certification vehicle engine means an uncertified heavy-duty engine owned by a manufacturer and used in a manner...

40 CFR 85.1702 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... POLLUTION FROM MOBILE SOURCES Exclusion and Exemption of Motor Vehicles and Motor Vehicle Engines § 85.1702... for the purpose of exporting new motor vehicles or new motor vehicle engines. (2) National security...-certification vehicle engine means an uncertified heavy-duty engine owned by a manufacturer and used in a manner...

40 CFR 85.1702 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... POLLUTION FROM MOBILE SOURCES Exclusion and Exemption of Motor Vehicles and Motor Vehicle Engines § 85.1702... for the purpose of exporting new motor vehicles or new motor vehicle engines. (2) National security...-certification vehicle engine means an uncertified heavy-duty engine owned by a manufacturer and used in a manner...

40 CFR 63.11132 - What definitions apply to this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... an internal combustion engine (including the fuel system) that is not used in a motor vehicle or a... internal combustion engines. Gasoline cargo tank means a delivery tank truck or railcar which is loading or... motor vehicle, motor vehicle engine, nonroad vehicle, or nonroad engine, including a nonroad vehicle or...

Final Rule for Control of Air Pollution From New Motor Vehicles and New Motor Vehicle Engines; Non-Conformance Penalties for 2004 and later Model Year Emission Standards for Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines and Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Final Rule for Control of Air Pollution From New Motor Vehicles and New Motor Vehicle Engines; Non-Conformance Penalties for 2004 and later Model Year Emission Standards for Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines and Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles

Defining a region of optimization based on engine usage data

DOEpatents

Jiang, Li; Lee, Donghoon; Yilmaz, Hakan; Stefanopoulou, Anna

2015-08-04

Methods and systems for engine control optimization are provided. One or more operating conditions of a vehicle engine are detected. A value for each of a plurality of engine control parameters is determined based on the detected one or more operating conditions of the vehicle engine. A range of the most commonly detected operating conditions of the vehicle engine is identified and a region of optimization is defined based on the range of the most commonly detected operating conditions of the vehicle engine. The engine control optimization routine is initiated when the one or more operating conditions of the vehicle engine are within the defined region of optimization.

Vehicle/engine integration. [orbit transfer vehicles

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cooper, L. P.; Vinopal, T. J.; Florence, D. E.; Michel, R. W.; Brown, J. R.; Bergeron, R. P.; Weldon, V. A.

1984-01-01

VEHICLE/ENGINE Integration Issues are explored for orbit transfer vehicles (OTV's). The impact of space basing and aeroassist on VEHICLE/ENGINE integration is discussed. The AOTV structure and thermal protection subsystem weights were scaled as the vehicle length and surface was changed. It is concluded that for increased allowable payload lengths in a ground-based system, lower length-to-diameter (L/D) is as important as higher mixture ration (MR) in the range of mid L/D ATOV's. Scenario validity, geometry constraints, throttle levels, reliability, and servicing are discussed in the context of engine design and engine/vehicle integration.

Prediction of in-use emissions of heavy-duty diesel vehicles from engine testing.

PubMed

Yanowitz, Janet; Graboski, Michael S; McCormick, Robert L

2002-01-15

A model of a heavy-duty vehicle driveline with automatic transmission has been developed for estimating engine speed and load from vehicle speed. The model has been validated using emissions tests conducted on three diesel vehicles on a chassis dynamometer and then on the engines removed from the vehicles tested on an engine dynamometer. Nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions were proportional to work done by the engine. For two of the engines, the NOx/horsepower(HP) ratio was the same on the engine and on the chassis dynamometer tests. For the third engine NOx/HP was significantly higher from the chassis test, possibly due to the use of dual engine maps. The engine certification test generated consistently less particulate matter emissions on a gram per brake horsepower-hour basis than the Heavy Duty Transient and Central Business District chassis cycles. A good linear correlation (r2 = 0.97 and 0.91) was found between rates of HP increase integrated over the test cycle and PM emissions for both the chassis and the engine tests for two of the vehicles. The model also shows how small changes in vehicle speeds can lead to a doubling of load on the engine. Additionally, the model showed that it is impossible to drive a vehicle cycle equivalent to the heavy-duty engine federal test procedure on these vehicles.

40 CFR 1051.330 - May I sell vehicles from an engine family with a suspended certificate of conformity?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 32 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false May I sell vehicles from an engine... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR POLLUTION CONTROLS CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM RECREATIONAL ENGINES AND VEHICLES Testing Production-Line Vehicles and Engines § 1051.330 May I sell vehicles from an...

7. COMPLETE X15 VEHICLE TEST STAND AFTER AN ENGINE FIRE ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

7. COMPLETE X-15 VEHICLE TEST STAND AFTER AN ENGINE FIRE OR EXPLOSION. Wreckage of engine is still fixed in its clamp; X-15 vehicle lies on the ground detached from engine. - Edwards Air Force Base, X-15 Engine Test Complex, Rocket Engine & Complete X-15 Vehicle Test Stands, Rogers Dry Lake, east of runway between North Base & South Base, Boron, Kern County, CA

40 CFR 85.525 - Applicable standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... prohibition, vehicles/engines that have been converted to operate on a different fuel must meet emission standards and related requirements as follows: (a) The modified vehicle/engine must meet the requirements that applied for the OEM vehicle/engine, or the most stringent OEM vehicle/engine standards in any...

Systems Engineering Processes Applied to Ground Vehicle Integration at US Army Tank Automotive Research, Development, and Engineering Center (TARDEC)

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-08-19

UNCLASSIFIED Systems Engineering Processes Applied To Ground Vehicle Integration at US Army Tank Automotive Research, Development, and Engineering...DATES COVERED - 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Systems Engineering Processes Applied To Ground Vehicle Integration at US Army Tank Automotive Research...release, distribution unlimited 13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES Presented at NDIAs Ground Vehicle Systems Engineering and Technology Symposium (GVSETS), 17 22

Remotely detected vehicle mass from engine torque-induced frame twisting

DOE PAGES

McKay, Troy R.; Salvaggio, Carl; Faulring, Jason W.; ...

2017-06-08

Determining the mass of a vehicle from ground-based passive sensor data is important for many traffic safety requirements. This paper presents a method for calculating the mass of a vehicle using ground-based video and acoustic measurements. By assuming that no energy is lost in the conversion, the mass of a vehicle can be calculated from the rotational energy generated by the vehicle’s engine and the linear acceleration of the vehicle over a period of time. The amount of rotational energy being output by the vehicle’s engine can be calculated from its torque and angular velocity. This model relates remotely observed,more » engine torque-induced frame twist to engine torque output using the vehicle’s suspension parameters and engine geometry. The angular velocity of the engine is extracted from the acoustic emission of the engine, and the linear acceleration of the vehicle is calculated by remotely observing the position of the vehicle over time. This method combines these three dynamic signals; engine induced-frame twist, engine angular velocity, and the vehicle’s linear acceleration, and three vehicle specific scalar parameters, into an expression that describes the mass of the vehicle. Finally, this method was tested on a semitrailer truck, and the results demonstrate a correlation of 97.7% between calculated and true vehicle mass.« less

Remotely detected vehicle mass from engine torque-induced frame twisting

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

McKay, Troy R.; Salvaggio, Carl; Faulring, Jason W.

Determining the mass of a vehicle from ground-based passive sensor data is important for many traffic safety requirements. This paper presents a method for calculating the mass of a vehicle using ground-based video and acoustic measurements. By assuming that no energy is lost in the conversion, the mass of a vehicle can be calculated from the rotational energy generated by the vehicle’s engine and the linear acceleration of the vehicle over a period of time. The amount of rotational energy being output by the vehicle’s engine can be calculated from its torque and angular velocity. This model relates remotely observed,more » engine torque-induced frame twist to engine torque output using the vehicle’s suspension parameters and engine geometry. The angular velocity of the engine is extracted from the acoustic emission of the engine, and the linear acceleration of the vehicle is calculated by remotely observing the position of the vehicle over time. This method combines these three dynamic signals; engine induced-frame twist, engine angular velocity, and the vehicle’s linear acceleration, and three vehicle specific scalar parameters, into an expression that describes the mass of the vehicle. Finally, this method was tested on a semitrailer truck, and the results demonstrate a correlation of 97.7% between calculated and true vehicle mass.« less

40 CFR 86.1724-99 - Test vehicles and engines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 19 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Test vehicles and engines. 86.1724-99... (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES (CONTINUED) General Provisions for the Voluntary National Low Emission Vehicle Program for Light-Duty Vehicles and Light-Duty...

40 CFR 88.102-94 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) CLEAN-FUEL VEHICLES Emission Standards for Clean-Fuel Vehicles § 88.102-94 Definitions. Any terms... and the GVWR. Dual Fuel Vehicle (or Engine) means any motor vehicle (or motor vehicle engine) engineered and designed to be operated on two different fuels, but not on a mixture of the fuels. Flexible...

40 CFR 1051.305 - How must I prepare and test my production-line vehicles or engines?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... production-line vehicles or engines? 1051.305 Section 1051.305 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR POLLUTION CONTROLS CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM RECREATIONAL ENGINES AND VEHICLES Testing Production-Line Vehicles and Engines § 1051.305 How must I prepare and test my production...

40 CFR 86.1724-99 - Test vehicles and engines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 19 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Test vehicles and engines. 86.1724-99... (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES (CONTINUED) General... Trucks § 86.1724-99 Test vehicles and engines. The provisions of § 86.096-24 and subsequent model year...

40 CFR 1051.5 - Which engines are excluded from this part's requirements?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... engines. (2) Vehicles with a combined total vehicle dry weight under 20.0 kilograms are excluded from this... (CONTINUED) AIR POLLUTION CONTROLS CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM RECREATIONAL ENGINES AND VEHICLES Overview and Applicability § 1051.5 Which engines are excluded from this part's requirements? (a)(1) You may exclude vehicles...

40 CFR 85.510 - Exemption provisions for new and relatively new vehicles/engines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... relatively new vehicles/engines. 85.510 Section 85.510 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION... relatively new vehicles/engines. (a) You are exempted from the tampering prohibition with respect to new and relatively new vehicles/engines if you certify the conversion system to the emission standards specified in...

40 CFR 86.1724-99 - Test vehicles and engines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Test vehicles and engines. 86.1724-99... (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES (CONTINUED) General... Trucks § 86.1724-99 Test vehicles and engines. The provisions of § 86.096-24 and subsequent model year...

40 CFR 86.1724-99 - Test vehicles and engines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Test vehicles and engines. 86.1724-99... (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES (CONTINUED) General... Trucks § 86.1724-99 Test vehicles and engines. The provisions of § 86.096-24 and subsequent model year...

NREL Fuels and Engines R&D Revs Up Vehicle Efficiency, Performance (Text

Science.gov Websites

Version) | News | NREL Fuels and Engines R&D Revs Up Vehicle Efficiency, Performance (Text Version) NREL Fuels and Engines R&D Revs Up Vehicle Efficiency, Performance (Text Version) NREL's combustion to the evolution of how fuels interact with engine and vehicle design. This is a text version of

40 CFR 1051.320 - What happens if one of my production-line vehicles or engines fails to meet emission standards?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...-line vehicles or engines fails to meet emission standards? 1051.320 Section 1051.320 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR POLLUTION CONTROLS CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM RECREATIONAL ENGINES AND VEHICLES Testing Production-Line Vehicles and Engines § 1051.320 What happens if one...

Evaluation of heat engine for hybrid vehicle application

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schneider, H. W.

1984-01-01

The status of ongoing heat-engine developments, including spark-ignition, compression-ignition, internal-combustion, and external-combustion engines is presented. The potential of engine concepts under consideration for hybrid vehicle use is evaluated, using self-imposed criteria for selection. The deficiencies of the engines currently being evaluated in hybrid vehicles are discussed. Focus is on recent research with two-stroke, rotary, and free-piston engines. It is concluded that these engine concepts have the most promising potential for future application in hybrid vehicles. Recommendations are made for analysis and experimentation to evaluate stop-start and transient emission behavior of recommended engine concepts.

Mechanical Properties Experimental Study of Engineering Vehicle Refurbished Tire

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Qiang, Wang; Xiaojie, Qi; Zhao, Yang; Yunlong, Wang; Guotian, Wang; Degang, Lv

2018-05-01

The vehicle refurbished tire test system was constructed, got load-deformation, load-stiffness, and load-compression ratio property laws of engineering vehicle refurbished tire under the working condition of static state and ground contact, and built radial direction loading deformation mathematics model of 26.5R25 engineering vehicle refurbished tire. The test results show that radial-direction and side-direction deformation value is a little less than that of the new tire. The radial-direction stiffness and compression ratio of engineering vehicle refurbished tire were greatly influenced by radial-direction load and air inflation pressure. When load was certain, radial-direction stiffness would increase with air inflation pressure increasing. When air inflation pressure was certain, compression ratio of engineering vehicle refurbished tire would enlarge with radial-direction load increasing, which was a little less than that of the new and the same type tire. Aging degree of old car-case would exert a great influence on deformation property of engineering vehicle refurbished tire, thus engineering vehicle refurbished tires are suitable to the working condition of low tire pressure and less load.

Real-world exhaust temperature and engine load distributions of on-road heavy-duty diesel vehicles in various vocations.

PubMed

Boriboonsomsin, Kanok; Durbin, Thomas; Scora, George; Johnson, Kent; Sandez, Daniel; Vu, Alexander; Jiang, Yu; Burnette, Andrew; Yoon, Seungju; Collins, John; Dai, Zhen; Fulper, Carl; Kishan, Sandeep; Sabisch, Michael; Jackson, Doug

2018-06-01

Real-world vehicle and engine activity data were collected from 90 heavy-duty vehicles in California, United States, most of which have engine model year 2010 or newer and are equipped with selective catalytic reduction (SCR). The 90 vehicles represent 19 different groups defined by a combination of vocational use and geographic region. The data were collected using advanced data loggers that recorded vehicle speed, position (latitude and longitude), and more than 170 engine and aftertreatment parameters (including engine load and exhaust temperature) at the frequency of one Hz. This article presents plots of real-world exhaust temperature and engine load distributions for the 19 vehicle groups. In each plot, both frequency distribution and cumulative frequency distribution are shown. These distributions are generated using the aggregated data from all vehicle samples in each group.

Evaluation of Proposed Rocket Engines for Earth-to-Orbit Vehicles

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Martin, James A.; Kramer, Richard D.

1990-01-01

The objective is to evaluate recently analyzed rocket engines for advanced Earth-to-orbit vehicles. The engines evaluated are full-flow staged combustion engines and split expander engines, both at mixture ratios at 6 and above with oxygen and hydrogen propellants. The vehicles considered are single-stage and two-stage fully reusable vehicles and the Space Shuttle with liquid rocket boosters. The results indicate that the split expander engine at a mixture ratio of about 7 is competitive with the full-flow staged combustion engine for all three vehicle concepts. A key factor in this result is the capability to increase the chamber pressure for the split expander as the mixture ratio is increased from 6 to 7.

Research on Correlation between Vehicle Cycle and Engine Cycle in Heavy-duty commercial vehicle

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

lin, Chen; Zhong, Wang; Shuai, Liu

2017-12-01

In order to study the correlation between vehicle cycle and engine cycle in heavy commercial vehicles, the conversion model of vehicle cycle to engine cycle is constructed based on the vehicle power system theory and shift strategy, which considers the verification on diesel truck. The results show that the model has high rationality and reliability in engine operation. In the acceleration process of high speed, the difference of model gear selection leads to the actual deviation. Compared with the drum test, the engine speed distribution obtained by the model deviates to right, which fits to the lower grade. The grade selection has high influence on the model.

Modeling of hybrid vehicle fuel economy and fuel engine efficiency

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, Wei

"Near-CV" (i.e., near-conventional vehicle) hybrid vehicles, with an internal combustion engine, and a supplementary storage with low-weight, low-energy but high-power capacity, are analyzed. This design avoids the shortcoming of the "near-EV" and the "dual-mode" hybrid vehicles that need a large energy storage system (in terms of energy capacity and weight). The small storage is used to optimize engine energy management and can provide power when needed. The energy advantage of the "near-CV" design is to reduce reliance on the engine at low power, to enable regenerative braking, and to provide good performance with a small engine. The fuel consumption of internal combustion engines, which might be applied to hybrid vehicles, is analyzed by building simple analytical models that reflect the engines' energy loss characteristics. Both diesel and gasoline engines are modeled. The simple analytical models describe engine fuel consumption at any speed and load point by describing the engine's indicated efficiency and friction. The engine's indicated efficiency and heat loss are described in terms of several easy-to-obtain engine parameters, e.g., compression ratio, displacement, bore and stroke. Engine friction is described in terms of parameters obtained by fitting available fuel measurements on several diesel and spark-ignition engines. The engine models developed are shown to conform closely to experimental fuel consumption and motored friction data. A model of the energy use of "near-CV" hybrid vehicles with different storage mechanism is created, based on simple algebraic description of the components. With powertrain downsizing and hybridization, a "near-CV" hybrid vehicle can obtain a factor of approximately two in overall fuel efficiency (mpg) improvement, without considering reductions in the vehicle load.

Weight propagation and equivalent horsepower for alternate-engined cars

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Klose, G. J.; Kurtz, D. W.

1978-01-01

In order to evaluate properly the consequences of replacing conventional Otto-cycle engines with alternate power systems, comparisons must be carried out at the vehicle level with functionally equivalent cars. This paper presents the development and application of a procedure for establishing equivalent vehicles. A systematic weight propagation methodology, based on detailed weight breakdowns and influence factors, yields the vehicle weight impacts due to changes in engine weight and power. Performance-matching criteria, utilizing a vehicle simulation program, are then employed to establish Otto-engine-equivalent vehicles, whose characteristics can form the basis for alternative engine evaluations.

Evaluation of innovative rocket engines for single-stage earth-to-orbit vehicles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Manski, Detlef; Martin, James A.

1988-07-01

Computer models of rocket engines and single-stage-to-orbit vehicles that were developed by the authors at DFVLR and NASA have been combined. The resulting code consists of engine mass, performance, trajectory and vehicle sizing models. The engine mass model includes equations for each subsystem and describes their dependences on various propulsion parameters. The engine performance model consists of multidimensional sets of theoretical propulsion properties and a complete thermodynamic analysis of the engine cycle. The vehicle analyses include an optimized trajectory analysis, mass estimation, and vehicle sizing. A vertical-takeoff, horizontal-landing, single-stage, winged, manned, fully reusable vehicle with a payload capability of 13.6 Mg (30,000 lb) to low earth orbit was selected. Hydrogen, methane, propane, and dual-fuel engines were studied with staged-combustion, gas-generator, dual bell, and the dual-expander cycles. Mixture ratio, chamber pressure, nozzle exit pressure liftoff acceleration, and dual fuel propulsive parameters were optimized.

Evaluation of innovative rocket engines for single-stage earth-to-orbit vehicles

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Manski, Detlef; Martin, James A.

1988-01-01

Computer models of rocket engines and single-stage-to-orbit vehicles that were developed by the authors at DFVLR and NASA have been combined. The resulting code consists of engine mass, performance, trajectory and vehicle sizing models. The engine mass model includes equations for each subsystem and describes their dependences on various propulsion parameters. The engine performance model consists of multidimensional sets of theoretical propulsion properties and a complete thermodynamic analysis of the engine cycle. The vehicle analyses include an optimized trajectory analysis, mass estimation, and vehicle sizing. A vertical-takeoff, horizontal-landing, single-stage, winged, manned, fully reusable vehicle with a payload capability of 13.6 Mg (30,000 lb) to low earth orbit was selected. Hydrogen, methane, propane, and dual-fuel engines were studied with staged-combustion, gas-generator, dual bell, and the dual-expander cycles. Mixture ratio, chamber pressure, nozzle exit pressure liftoff acceleration, and dual fuel propulsive parameters were optimized.

Booster propulsion/vehicle impact study, 2

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Johnson, P.; Satterthwaite, S.; Carson, C.; Schnackel, J.

1988-01-01

This is the final report in a study examining the impact of launch vehicles for various boost propulsion design options. These options included: differing boost phase engines using different combinations of fuels and coolants to include RP-1, methane, propane (subcooled and normal boiling point), and hydrogen; variable and high mixture ratio hydrogen engines; translating nozzles on boost phase engines; and cross feeding propellants from the booster to second stage. Vehicles examined included a fully reusable two stage cargo vehicle and a single stage to orbit vehicle. The use of subcooled propane as a fuel generated vehicles with the lowest total vehicle dry mass. Engines with hydrogen cooling generated only slight mass reductions from the reference, all-hydrogen vehicle. Cross feeding propellants generated the most significant mass reductions from the reference two stage vehicle. The use of high mixture ratio or variable mixture ratio hydrogen engines in the boost phase of flight resulted in vehicles with total dry mass 20 percent greater than the reference hydrogen vehicle. Translating nozzles for boost phase engines generated a heavier vehicle. Also examined were the design impacts on the vehicle and ground support subsystems when subcooled propane is used as a fuel. The most significant cost difference between facilities to handle normal boiling point versus subcooled propane is 5 million dollars. Vehicle cost differences were negligible. A significant technical challenge exists for properly conditioning the vehicle propellant on the ground and in flight when subcooled propane is used as fuel.

40 CFR 1051.340 - When may EPA revoke my certificate under this subpart and how may I sell these vehicles again?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... change the vehicle's design or emission-control system. (b) To sell vehicles from an engine family with a... Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR POLLUTION CONTROLS CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM RECREATIONAL ENGINES AND VEHICLES Testing Production-Line Vehicles and Engines § 1051.340 When may EPA revoke...

Control logic for exhaust gas driven turbocharger

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Adeff, G.A.

1991-12-31

This patent describes a method of controlling an exhaust gas driven turbocharger supplying charge air for an internal combustion engine powering vehicle, the turbocharger being adjustable from a normal mode to a power mode in which the charge air available to the engine during vehicle acceleration is increased over that available when the turbocharger is in the normal mode, the vehicle including engine power control means switchable by the vehicle operator from a normal mode to a power mode so that the vehicle operator may selectively elect either the normal mode or the power mode, comprising the steps of measuringmore » the speed of the vehicle, permitting the vehicle operator to elect either the power mode or the normal mode for a subsequent vehicle acceleration, and then adjusting the turbocharger to the power mode when the speed of the vehicle is less than a predetermined reference speed and the vehicle operator has elected to power mode to increase the charge air available to the engine and thereby increasing engine power on a subsequent acceleration of the vehicle.« less

40 CFR 85.2113 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... vehicle to exceed applicable emission standards with such parts installed. (h) Engine family means the... emission-data vehicle or engine selection and as determined in accordance with 40 CFR 86.078-24. (i) Vehicle or engine configuration means the specific subclassification unit of an engine family or certified...

40 CFR 85.2113 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... vehicle to exceed applicable emission standards with such parts installed. (h) Engine family means the... emission-data vehicle or engine selection and as determined in accordance with 40 CFR 86.078-24. (i) Vehicle or engine configuration means the specific subclassification unit of an engine family or certified...

40 CFR 85.2113 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... vehicle to exceed applicable emission standards with such parts installed. (h) Engine family means the... emission-data vehicle or engine selection and as determined in accordance with 40 CFR 86.078-24. (i) Vehicle or engine configuration means the specific subclassification unit of an engine family or certified...

40 CFR 85.2113 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... vehicle to exceed applicable emission standards with such parts installed. (h) Engine family means the... emission-data vehicle or engine selection and as determined in accordance with 40 CFR 86.078-24. (i) Vehicle or engine configuration means the specific subclassification unit of an engine family or certified...

40 CFR 85.2113 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... vehicle to exceed applicable emission standards with such parts installed. (h) Engine family means the... emission-data vehicle or engine selection and as determined in accordance with 40 CFR 86.078-24. (i) Vehicle or engine configuration means the specific subclassification unit of an engine family or certified...

Automotive Control Systems: For Engine, Driveline, and Vehicle

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kiencke, Uwe; Nielsen, Lars

Advances in automotive control systems continue to enhance safety and comfort and to reduce fuel consumption and emissions. Reflecting the trend to optimization through integrative approaches for engine, driveline, and vehicle control, this valuable book enables control engineers to understand engine and vehicle models necessary for controller design, and also introduces mechanical engineers to vehicle-specific signal processing and automatic control. The emphasis on measurement, comparisons between performance and modeling, and realistic examples derive from the authors' unique industrial experience

40 CFR 80.522 - May used motor oil be dispensed into diesel motor vehicles or nonroad diesel engines?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... diesel motor vehicles or nonroad diesel engines? 80.522 Section 80.522 Protection of Environment... vehicles or nonroad diesel engines? No person may introduce used motor oil, or used motor oil blended with... later nonroad diesel engines (not including locomotive or marine diesel engines), unless both of the...

40 CFR 80.522 - May used motor oil be dispensed into diesel motor vehicles or nonroad diesel engines?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... diesel motor vehicles or nonroad diesel engines? 80.522 Section 80.522 Protection of Environment... vehicles or nonroad diesel engines? No person may introduce used motor oil, or used motor oil blended with... later nonroad diesel engines (not including locomotive or marine diesel engines), unless both of the...

40 CFR 80.522 - May used motor oil be dispensed into diesel motor vehicles or nonroad diesel engines?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... diesel motor vehicles or nonroad diesel engines? 80.522 Section 80.522 Protection of Environment... vehicles or nonroad diesel engines? No person may introduce used motor oil, or used motor oil blended with... later nonroad diesel engines (not including locomotive or marine diesel engines), unless both of the...

Detection on vehicle vibration induced by the engine shaking based on the laser triangulation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Wenxue; Yang, Biwu; Ni, Zhibin; Hu, Xinhan; Han, Tieqiang; Hu, Yaocheng; Zhang, Wu; Wang, Yunfeng

2017-10-01

The magnitude of engine shaking is chosen to evaluate the vehicle performance. The engine shaking is evaluated by the vehicle vibration. Based on the laser triangulation, the vehicle vibration is measured by detecting the distance variation between the bodywork and road surface. The results represent the magnitude of engine shaking. The principle and configuration of the laser triangulation is also introduced in this paper.

The Otto-engine-equivalent vehicle concept

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dowdy, M. W.; Couch, M. D.

1978-01-01

A vehicle comparison methodology based on the Otto-Engine Equivalent (OEE) vehicle concept is described. As an illustration of this methodology, the concept is used to make projections of the fuel economy potential of passenger cars using various alternative power systems. Sensitivities of OEE vehicle results to assumptions made in the calculational procedure are discussed. Factors considered include engine torque boundary, rear axle ratio, performance criteria, engine transient response, and transmission shift logic.

Hyper-X Engine Design and Ground Test Program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Voland, R. T.; Rock, K. E.; Huebner, L. D.; Witte, D. W.; Fischer, K. E.; McClinton, C. R.

1998-01-01

The Hyper-X Program, NASA's focused hypersonic technology program jointly run by NASA Langley and Dryden, is designed to move hypersonic, air-breathing vehicle technology from the laboratory environment to the flight environment, the last stage preceding prototype development. The Hyper-X research vehicle will provide the first ever opportunity to obtain data on an airframe integrated supersonic combustion ramjet propulsion system in flight, providing the first flight validation of wind tunnel, numerical and analytical methods used for design of these vehicles. A substantial portion of the integrated vehicle/engine flowpath development, engine systems verification and validation and flight test risk reduction efforts are experimentally based, including vehicle aeropropulsive force and moment database generation for flight control law development, and integrated vehicle/engine performance validation. The Mach 7 engine flowpath development tests have been completed, and effort is now shifting to engine controls, systems and performance verification and validation tests, as well as, additional flight test risk reduction tests. The engine wind tunnel tests required for these efforts range from tests of partial width engines in both small and large scramjet test facilities, to tests of the full flight engine on a vehicle simulator and tests of a complete flight vehicle in the Langley 8-Ft. High Temperature Tunnel. These tests will begin in the summer of 1998 and continue through 1999. The first flight test is planned for early 2000.

40 CFR 86.096-24 - Test vehicles and engines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... design, engine family, emission control system, or with any other durability-related design difference... 40 Protection of Environment 19 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Test vehicles and engines. 86.096-24... (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES General Provisions for...

40 CFR 1066.425 - Engine starting and restarting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 34 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Engine starting and restarting. 1066... POLLUTION CONTROLS VEHICLE-TESTING PROCEDURES Vehicle Preparation and Running a Test § 1066.425 Engine starting and restarting. (a) Start the vehicle's engine as follows: (1) At the beginning of the test cycle...

40 CFR 1066.425 - Engine starting and restarting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 34 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Engine starting and restarting. 1066... POLLUTION CONTROLS VEHICLE-TESTING PROCEDURES Vehicle Preparation and Running a Test § 1066.425 Engine starting and restarting. (a) Start the vehicle's engine as follows: (1) At the beginning of the test cycle...

40 CFR 86.098-24 - Test vehicles and engines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 19 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Test vehicles and engines. 86.098-24... (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES General Provisions for Emission Regulations for 1977 and Later Model Year New Light-Duty Vehicles, Light-Duty Trucks and Heavy...

40 CFR 86.001-24 - Test vehicles and engines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 19 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Test vehicles and engines. 86.001-24... (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES General Provisions for Emission Regulations for 1977 and Later Model Year New Light-Duty Vehicles, Light-Duty Trucks and Heavy...

40 CFR 86.000-24 - Test vehicles and engines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 19 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Test vehicles and engines. 86.000-24... (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES General Provisions for Emission Regulations for 1977 and Later Model Year New Light-Duty Vehicles, Light-Duty Trucks and Heavy...

75 FR 70237 - California State Motor Vehicle Pollution Control Standards; California Heavy-Duty On-Highway Otto...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-17

... Standards; California Heavy-Duty On-Highway Otto-Cycle Engines and Incomplete Vehicle Regulations; Notice of... California's Heavy-Duty On-Highway Otto-Cycle Engines and Incomplete Vehicle Regulations. SUMMARY: The... its heavy-duty Otto-cycle engines and incomplete vehicle regulations for the 2004, 2005 through 2007...

40 CFR 85.515 - Exemption provisions for intermediate age vehicles/engines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... age vehicles/engines. 85.515 Section 85.515 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY...-ready status using an OBD scan tool appropriate for the OBD system in the vehicle/engine in question... have reset to a ready status, you must submit an OBD scan tool report showing that with the vehicle...

40 CFR 85.515 - Exemption provisions for intermediate age vehicles/engines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... age vehicles/engines. 85.515 Section 85.515 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY...-ready status using an OBD scan tool appropriate for the OBD system in the vehicle/engine in question... have reset to a ready status, you must submit an OBD scan tool report showing that with the vehicle...

40 CFR 85.515 - Exemption provisions for intermediate age vehicles/engines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... age vehicles/engines. 85.515 Section 85.515 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY...-ready status using an OBD scan tool appropriate for the OBD system in the vehicle/engine in question... have reset to a ready status, you must submit an OBD scan tool report showing that with the vehicle...

40 CFR 85.515 - Exemption provisions for intermediate age vehicles/engines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... age vehicles/engines. 85.515 Section 85.515 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY...-ready status using an OBD scan tool appropriate for the OBD system in the vehicle/engine in question... have reset to a ready status, you must submit an OBD scan tool report showing that with the vehicle...

A Rocket Powered Single-Stage-to-Orbit Launch Vehicle With U.S. and Soviet Engineers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

MacConochie, Ian O.; Stnaley, Douglas O.

1991-01-01

A single-stage-to-orbit launch vehicle is used to assess the applicability of Soviet Energia high-pressure-hydrocarbon engine to advanced U.S. manned space transportation systems. Two of the Soviet engines are used with three Space Shuttle Main Engines. When applied to a baseline vehicle that utilized advanced hydrocarbon engines, the higher weight of the Soviet engines resulted in a 20 percent loss of payload capability and necessitated a change in the crew compartment size and location from mid-body to forebody in order to balance the vehicle. Various combinations of Soviet and Shuttle engines were evaluated for comparison purposes, including an all hydrogen system using all Space Shuttle Main Engines. Operational aspects of the baseline vehicle are also discussed. A new mass properties program entitles Weights and Moments of Inertia (WAMI) is used in the study.

Loading Deformation Characteristic Simulation Study of Engineering Vehicle Refurbished Tire

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Qiang, Wang; Xiaojie, Qi; Zhao, Yang; Yunlong, Wang; Guotian, Wang; Degang, Lv

2018-05-01

The paper constructed engineering vehicle refurbished tire computer geometry model, mechanics model, contact model, finite element analysis model, did simulation study on load-deformation property of engineering vehicle refurbished tire by comparing with that of the new and the same type tire, got load-deformation of engineering vehicle refurbished tire under the working condition of static state and ground contact. The analysis result shows that change rules of radial-direction deformation and side-direction deformation of engineering vehicle refurbished tire are close to that of the new tire, radial-direction and side-direction deformation value is a little less than that of the new tire. When air inflation pressure was certain, radial-direction deformation linear rule of engineer vehicle refurbished tire would increase with load adding, however, side-direction deformation showed linear change rule, when air inflation pressure was low; and it would show increase of non-linear change rule, when air inflation pressure was very high.

40 CFR 86.098-24 - Test vehicles and engines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 18 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Test vehicles and engines. 86.098-24... (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES General Provisions for...-Duty Engines, and for 1985 and Later Model Year New Gasoline Fueled, Natural Gas-Fueled, Liquefied...

40 CFR 86.000-24 - Test vehicles and engines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 18 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Test vehicles and engines. 86.000-24... (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES General Provisions for...-Duty Engines, and for 1985 and Later Model Year New Gasoline Fueled, Natural Gas-Fueled, Liquefied...

40 CFR 86.098-24 - Test vehicles and engines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 18 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Test vehicles and engines. 86.098-24... (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES General Provisions for...-Duty Engines, and for 1985 and Later Model Year New Gasoline Fueled, Natural Gas-Fueled, Liquefied...

40 CFR 86.000-24 - Test vehicles and engines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 19 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Test vehicles and engines. 86.000-24... (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES General Provisions for...-Duty Engines, and for 1985 and Later Model Year New Gasoline Fueled, Natural Gas-Fueled, Liquefied...

40 CFR 86.001-24 - Test vehicles and engines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 19 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Test vehicles and engines. 86.001-24... (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES General Provisions for...-Duty Engines, and for 1985 and Later Model Year New Gasoline Fueled, Natural Gas-Fueled, Liquefied...

40 CFR 86.000-24 - Test vehicles and engines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 19 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Test vehicles and engines. 86.000-24... (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES General Provisions for...-Duty Engines, and for 1985 and Later Model Year New Gasoline Fueled, Natural Gas-Fueled, Liquefied...

40 CFR 86.001-24 - Test vehicles and engines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 19 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Test vehicles and engines. 86.001-24... (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES General Provisions for...-Duty Engines, and for 1985 and Later Model Year New Gasoline Fueled, Natural Gas-Fueled, Liquefied...

40 CFR 86.098-24 - Test vehicles and engines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 19 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Test vehicles and engines. 86.098-24... (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES General Provisions for...-Duty Engines, and for 1985 and Later Model Year New Gasoline Fueled, Natural Gas-Fueled, Liquefied...

76 FR 70128 - California State Motor Vehicle Pollution Control Standards; Amendments to the California Heavy...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-10

... Standards; Amendments to the California Heavy-Duty Engine On-Board Diagnostic Regulation; Waiver Request... that it has adopted amendments to its regulations related to heavy-duty engine on-board diagnostic (HD... and gasoline powered heavy-duty engines (engines used in vehicles having a gross vehicle weight rating...

Hybrid and conventional hydrogen engine vehicles that meet EZEV emissions

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Aceves, S.M.; Smith, J.R.

In this paper, a time-dependent engine model is used for predicting hydrogen engine efficiency and emissions. The model uses basic thermodynamic equations for the compression and expansion processes, along with an empirical correlation for heat transfer, to predict engine indicated efficiency. A friction correlation and a supercharger/turbocharger model are then used to calculate brake thermal efficiency. The model is validated with many experimental points obtained in a recent evaluation of a hydrogen research engine. A The validated engine model is then used to calculate fuel economy and emissions for three hydrogen-fueled vehicles: a conventional, a parallel hybrid, and a seriesmore » hybrid. All vehicles use liquid hydrogen as a fuel. The hybrid vehicles use a flywheel for energy storage. Comparable ultra capacitor or battery energy storage performance would give similar results. This paper analyzes the engine and flywheel sizing requirements for obtaining a desired level of performance. The results indicate that hydrogen lean-burn spark-ignited engines can provide a high fuel economy and Equivalent Zero Emission Vehicle (EZEV) levels in the three vehicle configurations being analyzed.« less

Performance and driveline analyses of engine capacity in range extender engine hybrid vehicle

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Praptijanto, Achmad; Santoso, Widodo Budi; Nur, Arifin; Wahono, Bambang; Putrasari, Yanuandri

2017-01-01

In this study, range extender engine designed should be able to meet the power needs of a power generator of hybrid electrical vehicle that has a minimum of 18 kW. Using this baseline model, the following range extenders will be compared between conventional SI piston engine (Baseline, BsL), engine capacity 1998 cm3, and efficiency-oriented SI piston with engine capacity 999 cm3 and 499 cm3 with 86 mm bore and stroke square gasoline engine in the performance, emission prediction of range extender engine, standard of charge by using engine and vehicle simulation software tools. In AVL Boost simulation software, range extender engine simulated from 1000 to 6000 rpm engine loads. The highest peak engine power brake reached up to 38 kW at 4500 rpm. On the other hand the highest torque achieved in 100 Nm at 3500 rpm. After that using AVL cruise simulation software, the model of range extended electric vehicle in series configuration with main components such as internal combustion engine, generator, electric motor, battery and the arthemis model rural road cycle was used to simulate the vehicle model. The simulation results show that engine with engine capacity 999 cm3 reported the economical performances of the engine and the emission and the control of engine cycle parameters.

40 CFR 85.520 - Exemption provisions for outside useful life vehicles/engines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... useful life vehicles/engines. 85.520 Section 85.520 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION... monitors to not-ready status using an OBD scan tool appropriate for the OBD system in the vehicle/engine in... have reset to a ready status, you must submit an OBD scan tool report showing that with the vehicle...

40 CFR 85.520 - Exemption provisions for outside useful life vehicles/engines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... useful life vehicles/engines. 85.520 Section 85.520 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION... monitors to not-ready status using an OBD scan tool appropriate for the OBD system in the vehicle/engine in... have reset to a ready status, you must submit an OBD scan tool report showing that with the vehicle...

FY 2007 Progress Report for Advanced Combustion Engine Technologies

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

None, None

2007-12-01

Advanced combustion engines have great potential for achieving dramatic energy efficiency improvements in light-duty vehicle applications, where it is suited to both conventional and hybrid- electric powertrain configurations. Light-duty vehicles with advanced combustion engines can compete directly with gasoline engine hybrid vehicles in terms of fuel economy and consumer-friendly driving characteristics; also, they are projected to have energy efficiencies that are competitive with hydrogen fuel cell vehicles when used in hybrid applications.Advanced engine technologies being researched and developed by the Advanced Combustion Engine R&D Sub-Program will also allow the use of hydrogen as a fuel in ICEs and will providemore » an energy-efficient interim hydrogen-based powertrain technology during the transition to hydrogen/fuelcell-powered transportation vehicles.« less

40 CFR 1074.5 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... activity engaged in as a vocation. Construction equipment or vehicle means any internal combustion engine... vehicle means any internal combustion engine-powered machine primarily used in the commercial production... STATE STANDARDS AND PROCEDURES FOR WAIVER OF FEDERAL PREEMPTION FOR NONROAD ENGINES AND NONROAD VEHICLES...

40 CFR 1074.5 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... activity engaged in as a vocation. Construction equipment or vehicle means any internal combustion engine... vehicle means any internal combustion engine-powered machine primarily used in the commercial production... STATE STANDARDS AND PROCEDURES FOR WAIVER OF FEDERAL PREEMPTION FOR NONROAD ENGINES AND NONROAD VEHICLES...

Dual motor drive vehicle speed synchronization and coordination control strategy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huang, Hao; Tu, Qunzhang; Jiang, Chenming; Ma, Limin; Li, Pei; Zhang, Hongxing

2018-04-01

Multi-motor driven systems are more and more widely used in the field of electric engineering vehicles, as a result of the road conditions and the variable load of engineering vehicles, makes multi-motors synchronization coordinated control system as a key point of the development of the electric vehicle drive system. This paper based on electrical machinery transmission speed in the process of engineering vehicles headed for coordinated control problem, summarized control strategies at home and abroad in recent years, made analysis and comparison of the characteristics, finally discussed the trend of development of the multi-motor coordination control, provided a reference for synchronized control system research of electric drive engineering vehicles.

Engine-Out Capabilities Assessment of Heavy Lift Launch Vehicles

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Holladay, Jon; Baggett, Keithe; Thrasher, Chad; Bellamy, K. Scott; Feldman, Stuart

2012-01-01

Engine-out (EO) is a condition that might occur during flight due to the failure of one or more engines. Protection against this occurrence can be called engine-out capability (EOC) whereupon significantly improved loss of mission may occur, in addition to reduction in performance and increased cost. A standardized engine-out capability has not been studied exhaustively as it pertains to space launch systems. This work presents results for a specific vehicle design with specific engines, but also uniquely provides an approach to realizing the necessity of EOC for any launch vehicle system design. A derived top-level approach to engine-out philosophy for a heavy lift launch vehicle is given herein, based on an historical assessment of launch vehicle capabilities. The methodology itself is not intended to present a best path forward, but instead provides three parameters for assessment of a particular vehicle. Of the several parameters affected by this EOC, the three parameters of interest in this research are reliability (Loss of Mission (LOM) and Loss of Crew (LOC)), vehicle performance, and cost. The intent of this effort is to provide insight into the impacts of EO capability on these parameters. The effects of EOC on reliability, performance and cost are detailed, including how these important launch vehicle metrics can be combined to assess what could be considered overall launch vehicle affordability. In support of achieving the first critical milestone (Mission Concept Review) in the development of the Space Launch System (SLS), a team assessed two-stage, large-diameter vehicles that utilized liquid oxygen (LOX)-RP propellants in the First Stage and LOX/LH2 propellant in the Upper Stage. With multiple large thrust-class engines employed on the stages, engine-out capability could be a significant driver to mission success. It was determined that LOM results improve by a factor of five when assuming EOC for both Core Stage (CS) (first stage) and Upper Stage (US) EO, assuming a reference launch vehicle with 5 RP engines on the CS and 3 LOX/LH2 engines on the US. The benefit of adding both CS and US engine-out capability is significant. When adding EOC for either first or second stages, there is less than a 20% benefit. Performance analysis has shown that if the vehicle is not protected for EO during the first part of the flight and only protected in the later part of the flight, there is a diminishing performance penalty, as indicated by failures occurring in the first stage at different times. This work did not consider any options to abort. While adding an engine for EOC drives cost upward, the impact depends on the number of needed engines manufactured per year and the launch manifest. There is a significant cost savings if multiple flights occur within one year. Flying two flights per year would cost approximately $4,000 per pound less than the same configuration with one flight per year, assuming both CS and US EOC. The cost is within 15% of the cost of one flight per year with no engine-out capability for the same vehicle. This study can be extended to other launch vehicles. While the numbers given in this paper are specific to a certain vehicle configuration, the process requires only a high level of data to allow an analyst to draw conclusions. The weighting of each of the identified parameters will determine the optimization of each launch vehicle. The results of this engine-out assessment provide a means to understand this optimization while maintaining an unbiased perspective.

Alternative Fuels Data Center: College Students Engineer Efficient Vehicles

Science.gov Websites

in EcoCAR 2 CompetitionA> College Students Engineer Efficient Vehicles in EcoCAR 2 Competition to someone by E-mail Share Alternative Fuels Data Center: College Students Engineer Efficient Vehicles in EcoCAR 2 Competition on Facebook Tweet about Alternative Fuels Data Center: College Students Engineer

40 CFR 80.572 - What labeling requirements apply to retailers and wholesale purchaser-consumers of Motor Vehicle...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... engines. Recommended for use in all diesel vehicles and engines. (b) From June 1, 2010, through September... and later nonroad diesel engines. Recommended for use in all other non-highway diesel engines. WARNING... retailers and wholesale purchaser-consumers of Motor Vehicle, NR, LM and NRLM diesel fuel and heating oil...

40 CFR 80.572 - What labeling requirements apply to retailers and wholesale purchaser-consumers of Motor Vehicle...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... engines. Recommended for use in all diesel vehicles and engines. (b) From June 1, 2010, through September... and later nonroad diesel engines. Recommended for use in all other non-highway diesel engines. WARNING... retailers and wholesale purchaser-consumers of Motor Vehicle, NR, LM and NRLM diesel fuel and heating oil...

Idling Reduction for Personal Vehicles

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

None

2015-05-07

Fact sheet on reducing engine idling in personal vehicles. Idling your vehicle--running your engine when you're not driving it--truly gets you nowhere. Idling reduces your vehicle's fuel economy, costs you money, and creates pollution. Idling for more than 10 seconds uses more fuel and produces more emissions that contribute to smog and climate change than stopping and restarting your engine does.

Design study of RL10 derivatives. Volume 3, part 1: Preliminary interface control document. [development of baseline engines for space tug vehicles

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Adams, A.

1973-01-01

The Interface Control Document contains engine information necessary for installation of the baseline RL10 Derivative engines in the Space Tug vehicle. The ICD presents a description of the baseline engines and their operating characteristics, mass and load characteristics, and environmental criteria. The document defines the engine/vehicle mechanical, electrical, fluid and pneumatic interface requirements.

49 CFR 535.9 - Enforcement approach.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... balance is based upon the engines or vehicles performance above or below the applicable regulatory... consumption data for vehicles or engines covered under this rule, noncompliance will be assumed until... NHTSA Enforcement determines that a manufacturer's averaging set of vehicles or engines fails to comply...

77 FR 34129 - Heavy-Duty Highway Program: Revisions for Emergency Vehicles

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-08

... diesel vehicles, including emergency vehicles. Some control system designs and implementation strategies... broad engine families and vehicle test groups that are defined by similar emissions and performance... public safety issue related to design of engines and emission control systems on emergency vehicles that...

Development of Supersonic Vehicle for Demonstration of a Precooled Turbojet Engine

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sawai, Shujiro; Fujita, Kazuhisa; Kobayashi, Hiroaki; Sakai, Shin'ichiro; Bando, Nobutaka; Kadooka, Shouhei; Tsuboi, Nobuyuki; Miyaji, Koji; Uchiyama, Taku; Hashimoto, Tatsuaki

JAXA is developing Mach 5 hypersonic turbojet engine technology that can be applied in a future hypersonic transport. Now, Jet Engine Technology Research Center of JAXA conducts the experimental study using a 1 / 10 scale-model engine. In parallel to engine development activities, a new supersonic flight-testing vehicle for the hypersonic turbojet engine is under development since 2004. In this paper, the system configuration of the flight-testing vehicle is outlined and development status is reported.

Dual-Fuel Propulsion in Single-Stage Advanced Manned Launch System Vehicle

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lepsch, Roger A., Jr.; Stanley, Douglas O.; Unal, Resit

1995-01-01

As part of the United States Advanced Manned Launch System study to determine a follow-on, or complement, to the Space Shuttle, a reusable single-stage-to-orbit concept utilizing dual-fuel rocket propulsion has been examined. Several dual-fuel propulsion concepts were investigated. These include: a separate-engine concept combining Russian RD-170 kerosene-fueled engines with space shuttle main engine-derivative engines: the kerosene- and hydrogen-fueled Russian RD-701 engine; and a dual-fuel, dual-expander engine. Analysis to determine vehicle weight and size characteristics was performed using conceptual-level design techniques. A response-surface methodology for multidisciplinary design was utilized to optimize the dual-fuel vehicles with respect to several important propulsion-system and vehicle design parameters, in order to achieve minimum empty weight. The tools and methods employed in the analysis process are also summarized. In comparison with a reference hydrogen- fueled single-stage vehicle, results showed that the dual-fuel vehicles were from 10 to 30% lower in empty weight for the same payload capability, with the dual-expander engine types showing the greatest potential.

40 CFR 88.302-94 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

.../engine conversion configuration pursuant to the requirements of 40 CFR part 86 and this part 88. Control... combination of vehicle/engine conversion hardware and a base vehicle of a specific engine family. Covered... vehicle component manufacturer, or owned or held by a university research department, independent testing...

40 CFR 88.302-94 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

.../engine conversion configuration pursuant to the requirements of 40 CFR part 86 and this part 88. Control... combination of vehicle/engine conversion hardware and a base vehicle of a specific engine family. Covered... vehicle component manufacturer, or owned or held by a university research department, independent testing...

40 CFR 88.302-94 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

.../engine conversion configuration pursuant to the requirements of 40 CFR part 86 and this part 88. Control... combination of vehicle/engine conversion hardware and a base vehicle of a specific engine family. Covered... vehicle component manufacturer, or owned or held by a university research department, independent testing...

40 CFR 88.302-94 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

.../engine conversion configuration pursuant to the requirements of 40 CFR part 86 and this part 88. Control... combination of vehicle/engine conversion hardware and a base vehicle of a specific engine family. Covered... vehicle component manufacturer, or owned or held by a university research department, independent testing...

40 CFR 88.302-94 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

.../engine conversion configuration pursuant to the requirements of 40 CFR part 86 and this part 88. Control... combination of vehicle/engine conversion hardware and a base vehicle of a specific engine family. Covered... vehicle component manufacturer, or owned or held by a university research department, independent testing...

Certification and Compliance for Nonroad Vehicles and Engines

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Certification and compliance information for aircraft, all-terrain vehicles (ATVs) and dirt bikes, locomotives, marine compression-ignition (CI) engines, nonroad CI engines, nonroad spark (SI) engines, portable fuel containers, snowmobiles.

40 CFR 86.428-80 - Maintenance, scheduled; test vehicles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 19 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Maintenance, scheduled; test vehicles... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES Emission... vehicles. (a) Periodic maintenance on the engine, emission control system, and fuel system of test vehicles...

System safety engineering in the development of advanced surface transportation vehicles

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Arnzen, H. E.

1971-01-01

Applications of system safety engineering to the development of advanced surface transportation vehicles are described. As a pertinent example, the paper describes a safety engineering efforts tailored to the particular design and test requirements of the Tracked Air Cushion Research Vehicle (TACRV). The test results obtained from this unique research vehicle provide significant design data directly applicable to the development of future tracked air cushion vehicles that will carry passengers in comfort and safety at speeds up to 300 miles per hour.

Correlation of black smoke and nitrogen oxides emissions through field testing of in-use diesel vehicles.

PubMed

Lin, Cherng-Yuan; Chen, Lih-Wei; Wang, Li-Ting

2006-05-01

Diesel vehicles are one of the major forms of transportation, especially in metropolitan regions. However, air pollution released from diesel vehicles causes serious damage to both human health and the environment, and as a result is of great public concern. Nitrogen oxides and black smoke are two significant emissions from diesel engines. Understanding the correlation between these two emissions is an important step toward developing the technology for an appropriate strategy to control or eliminate them. This study field-tested 185 diesel vehicles at an engine dynamometer station for their black smoke reflectivity and nitrogen oxides concentration to explore the correlation between these two pollutants. The test results revealed that most of the tested diesel vehicles emitted black smoke with low reflectivity and produced low nitrogen oxides concentration. The age of the tested vehicles has a significant influence on the NOx emission. The older the tested vehicles, the higher the NOx concentrations emitted, however, there was no obvious correlation between the age of the tested diesel vehicles and the black smoke reflectivity. In addition, if the make and engine displacement volume of the tested diesel vehicles are not taken into consideration, then the correlation between the black smoke reflectivity and nitrogen oxides emission weakens. However, when the tested vehicles were classified into various groups based on their makes and engine displacement volumes, then the make of a tested vehicle became a dominant factor for both the quantity and the trend of the black smoke reflectivity, as well as the NOx emission. Higher emission indices of black smoke reflectivity and nitrogen oxides were observed if the diesel vehicles were operated at low engine speed and full engine load conditions. Moreover, the larger the displacement volume of the engine of the tested vehicle, the lower the emission indices of both black smoke reflectivity and nitrogen oxides emitted. The emission indices of black smokes reflectivity and nitrogen oxides emission of the tested diesel vehicles were also influenced by the make of the vehicle. It was observed that the emission indices of black smoke reflectivity decreased nearly linearly with the increase of the emission indices of NOx for the tested vehicles belonging to the same group of make and engine displacement volume.

40 CFR Appendix B to Subpart S of... - Test Procedures

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... percent or the vehicle's engine stalls at any time during the test sequence. (4) Multiple exhaust pipes. Exhaust gas concentrations from vehicle engines equipped with multiple exhaust pipes shall be sampled... pipes. Exhaust gas concentrations from vehicle engines equipped with multiple exhaust pipes shall be...

76 FR 38151 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Proposed Collection; Comment Request; Reporting and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-29

... Nonroad Engines and Recreational Vehicles AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ACTION: Notice... this action are importers into the United States of nonroad engines and vehicles. Title: Reporting and Recordkeeping Requirements for Importation of Nonroad Engines and Recreational Vehicles (Renewal). ICR numbers...

40 CFR 86.085-37 - Production vehicles and engines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... transmission class. (2) Base level means a unique combination of basic engine, inertia weight, and transmission class. (3) Vehicle configuration means a unique combination of basic engine, engine code, inertia weight...

Perturbing engine performance measurements to determine optimal engine control settings

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jiang, Li; Lee, Donghoon; Yilmaz, Hakan

Methods and systems for optimizing a performance of a vehicle engine are provided. The method includes determining an initial value for a first engine control parameter based on one or more detected operating conditions of the vehicle engine, determining a value of an engine performance variable, and artificially perturbing the determined value of the engine performance variable. The initial value for the first engine control parameter is then adjusted based on the perturbed engine performance variable causing the engine performance variable to approach a target engine performance variable. Operation of the vehicle engine is controlled based on the adjusted initialmore » value for the first engine control parameter. These acts are repeated until the engine performance variable approaches the target engine performance variable.« less

Options for flight testing rocket-based combined-cycle (RBCC) engines

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Olds, John

1996-01-01

While NASA's current next-generation launch vehicle research has largely focused on advanced all-rocket single-stage-to-orbit vehicles (i.e. the X-33 and it's RLV operational follow-on), some attention is being given to advanced propulsion concepts suitable for 'next-generation-and-a-half' vehicles. Rocket-based combined-cycle (RBCC) engines combining rocket and airbreathing elements are one candidate concept. Preliminary RBCC engine development was undertaken by the United States in the 1960's. However, additional ground and flight research is required to bring the engine to technological maturity. This paper presents two options for flight testing early versions of the RBCC ejector scramjet engine. The first option mounts a single RBCC engine module to the X-34 air-launched technology testbed for test flights up to about Mach 6.4. The second option links RBCC engine testing to the simultaneous development of a small-payload (220 lb.) two-stage-to-orbit operational vehicle in the Bantam payload class. This launcher/testbed concept has been dubbed the W vehicle. The W vehicle can also serve as an early ejector ramjet RBCC launcher (albeit at a lower payload). To complement current RBCC ground testing efforts, both flight test engines will use earth-storable propellants for their RBCC rocket primaries and hydrocarbon fuel for their airbreathing modes. Performance and vehicle sizing results are presented for both options.

A numerical investigation on the efficiency of range extending systems using Advanced Vehicle Simulator

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Varnhagen, Scott; Same, Adam; Remillard, Jesse; Park, Jae Wan

2011-03-01

Series plug-in hybrid electric vehicles of varying engine configuration and battery capacity are modeled using Advanced Vehicle Simulator (ADVISOR). The performance of these vehicles is analyzed on the bases of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions on the tank-to-wheel and well-to-wheel paths. Both city and highway driving conditions are considered during the simulation. When simulated on the well-to-wheel path, it is shown that the range extender with a Wankel rotary engine consumes less energy and emits fewer greenhouse gases compared to the other systems with reciprocating engines during many driving cycles. The rotary engine has a higher power-to-weight ratio and lower noise, vibration and harshness compared to conventional reciprocating engines, although performs less efficiently. The benefits of a Wankel engine make it an attractive option for use as a range extender in a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle.

40 CFR 79.57 - Emission generation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... possible, the initial test vehicle/engine. If more than one replacement vehicle/engine is necessary, all... vehicle/engine. (ii) Manufacturers are encouraged to obtain, at the start of a test program, more than one... resuming testing to ensure that the post-maintenance emissions shall be within 20 percent of pre...

40 CFR 79.57 - Emission generation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... possible, the initial test vehicle/engine. If more than one replacement vehicle/engine is necessary, all... vehicle/engine. (ii) Manufacturers are encouraged to obtain, at the start of a test program, more than one... resuming testing to ensure that the post-maintenance emissions shall be within 20 percent of pre...

40 CFR 79.57 - Emission generation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... possible, the initial test vehicle/engine. If more than one replacement vehicle/engine is necessary, all... vehicle/engine. (ii) Manufacturers are encouraged to obtain, at the start of a test program, more than one... resuming testing to ensure that the post-maintenance emissions shall be within 20 percent of pre...

40 CFR 79.57 - Emission generation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... possible, the initial test vehicle/engine. If more than one replacement vehicle/engine is necessary, all... vehicle/engine. (ii) Manufacturers are encouraged to obtain, at the start of a test program, more than one... resuming testing to ensure that the post-maintenance emissions shall be within 20 percent of pre...

40 CFR 85.1706 - Pre-certification exemption.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... identification or engine serial number, indicate the use of the vehicle or engine on exempt status and indicate... identification and model year of vehicle or engine; or person or office to be contacted for further information... (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF AIR POLLUTION FROM MOBILE SOURCES Exclusion and Exemption of Motor Vehicles and Motor...

40 CFR 85.1706 - Pre-certification exemption.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... identification or engine serial number, indicate the use of the vehicle or engine on exempt status and indicate... identification and model year of vehicle or engine; or person or office to be contacted for further information... (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF AIR POLLUTION FROM MOBILE SOURCES Exclusion and Exemption of Motor Vehicles and Motor...

40 CFR 85.1706 - Pre-certification exemption.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... identification or engine serial number, indicate the use of the vehicle or engine on exempt status and indicate... identification and model year of vehicle or engine; or person or office to be contacted for further information... (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF AIR POLLUTION FROM MOBILE SOURCES Exclusion and Exemption of Motor Vehicles and Motor...

40 CFR 85.1706 - Pre-certification exemption.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... identification or engine serial number, indicate the use of the vehicle or engine on exempt status and indicate... identification and model year of vehicle or engine; or person or office to be contacted for further information... (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF AIR POLLUTION FROM MOBILE SOURCES Exclusion and Exemption of Motor Vehicles and Motor...

40 CFR 85.1706 - Pre-certification exemption.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... identification or engine serial number, indicate the use of the vehicle or engine on exempt status and indicate... identification and model year of vehicle or engine; or person or office to be contacted for further information... (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF AIR POLLUTION FROM MOBILE SOURCES Exclusion and Exemption of Motor Vehicles and Motor...

77 FR 18802 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Proposed Collections; Request for Comment on Three...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-28

...: Entities potentially affected by this action are large on-highway heavy-duty engine and vehicle manufacturers. Title: Nonconformance Penalties for Heavy-Duty Engines and Heavy- Duty Vehicles, Including Light...) provisions allow a manufacturer to introduce into commerce heavy-duty engines (HDEs) or heavy-duty vehicles...

40 CFR 85.510 - Exemption provisions for new and relatively new vehicles/engines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... control system functionality when operating on the fuel with which the vehicle/engine was originally... relatively new vehicles/engines. 85.510 Section 85.510 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF AIR POLLUTION FROM MOBILE SOURCES Exemption of...

Exhaust Emissions Measured Under Real Traffic Conditions from Vehicles Fitted with Spark Ignition and Compression Ignition Engines

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Merkisz, Jerzy; Lijewski, Piotr; Fuć, Paweł

2011-06-01

The tests performed under real traffic conditions provide invaluable information on the relations between the engine parameters, vehicle parameters and traffic conditions (traffic congestion) on one side and the exhaust emissions on the other. The paper presents the result of road tests obtained in an urban and extra-urban cycles for vehicles fitted with different engines, spark ignition engine and compression ignition engine. For the tests a portable emission analyzer SEMTECH DS. by SENSORS was used. This analyzer provides online measurement of the concentrations of exhaust emission components on a vehicle in motion under real traffic conditions. The tests were performed in city traffic. A comparative analysis has been presented of the obtained results for vehicles with individual powertrains.

NREL Fuels and Engines R&D Revs Up Vehicle Efficiency, Performance

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

None

NREL bridges fuels and engines R&D to maximize vehicle efficiency and performance. The lab’s fuels and engines research covers the full spectrum of innovation—from fuel chemistry, conversion, and combustion to the evaluation of how fuels interact with engine and vehicle design. This innovative approach has the potential to positively impact our economy, national energy security, and air quality.

Optimization of new magnetorheological fluid mount for vibration control of start/stop engine mode

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chung, Jye Ung; Phu, Do Xuan; Choi, Seung-Bok

2015-04-01

The technologies related to saving energy/or green vehicles are actively researched. In this tendency, the problem for reducing exhausted gas is in development with various ways. Those efforts are directly related to the operation of engine which emits exhausted gas. The auto start/stop of vehicle engine when a vehicle stop at road is currently as a main stream of vehicle industry resulting in reducing exhausted gas. However, this technology automatically turns on and off engine frequently. This motion induces vehicle engine to transmit vibration of engine which has large displacement, and torsional impact to chassis. These vibrations causing uncomfortable feeling to passengers are transmitted through the steering wheel and the gear knob. In this work, in order to resolve this vibration issue, a new proposed magnetorheological (MR) fluid based engine mount (MR mount in short) is presented. The proposed MR mount is designed to satisfy large damping force in various frequency ranges. It is shown that the proposed mount can have large damping force and large force ratio which is enough to control unwanted vibrations of engine start/stop mode.

Application for certification 1988 model year light-duty vehicles - US Technical Research Company (Peugeot)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars, light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines submits to EPA an application for certification. In the application, the manufacturer gives a detailed technical description of the vehicles or engines he intends to market during the upcoming model year. These engineering data include explanations and/or drawings that describe engine/vehicle parameters such as basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems, and exhaust and evaporative emission control systems.

Conventional engine technology. Volume 3: Comparisons and future potential

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dowdy, M. W.

1981-01-01

The status of five conventional automobile engine technologies was assessed and the future potential for increasing fuel economy and reducing exhaust emission was discussed, using the 1980 EPA California emisions standards as a comparative basis. By 1986, the fuel economy of a uniform charge Otto engine with a three-way catalyst is expected to increase 10%, while vehicles with lean burn (fast burn) engines should show a 20% fuel economy increase. Although vehicles with stratified-charge engines and rotary engines are expected to improve, their fuel economy will remain inferior to the other engine types. When adequate NO emissions control methods are implemented to meet the EPA requirements, vehicles with prechamber diesel engines are expected to yield a fuel economy advantage of about 15%. While successful introduction of direct injection diesel engine technology will provide a fuel savings of 30 to 35%, the planned regulation of exhaust particulates could seriously hinder this technology, because it is expected that only the smallest diesel engine vehicles could meet the proposed particulate requirements.

Dual-fuel propulsion - Why it works, possible engines, and results of vehicle studies. [on earth-to-orbit Space Shuttle flights

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Martin, J. A.; Wilhite, A. W.

1979-01-01

The reasons why dual-fuel propulsion works are discussed. Various engine options are discussed, and vehicle mass and cost results are presented for earth-to-orbit vehicles. The results indicate that dual-fuel propulsion is attractive, particularly with the dual-expander engine. A unique orbit-transfer vehicle is described which uses dual-fuel propulsion. One Space Shuttle flight and one flight of a heavy-lift Shuttle derivative are used for each orbit-transfer vehicle flight, and the payload capability is quite attractive.

40 CFR 86.429-78 - Maintenance, unscheduled; test vehicles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... vehicles. 86.429-78 Section 86.429-78 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES..., unscheduled; test vehicles. (a) Any unscheduled engine, emission control system, or fuel system adjustment...

40 CFR 85.1709 - Export exemptions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 18 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Export exemptions. 85.1709 Section 85... Engines § 85.1709 Export exemptions. (a) A new motor vehicle or new motor vehicle engine intended solely for export, and so labeled or tagged on the outside of the container and on the vehicle or engine...

78 FR 56226 - Information Collection Request Submitted to OMB for Review and Approval; Comment Request; Motor...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-12

... importers of passenger cars, motorcycles, light trucks, heavy duty truck engines, non-road vehicles or... Submitted to OMB for Review and Approval; Comment Request; Motor Vehicle and Engine Compliance Program Fees... Protection Agency has submitted an information collection request (ICR), Motor Vehicle and Engine Compliance...

3. COMPLETE X15 VEHICLE TEST STAND, LOCATED IN SOUTHEAST ¼ ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

3. COMPLETE X-15 VEHICLE TEST STAND, LOCATED IN SOUTHEAST ¼ OF X-15 ENGINE TEST COMPLEX. Looking northeast. - Edwards Air Force Base, X-15 Engine Test Complex, Rocket Engine & Complete X-15 Vehicle Test Stands, Rogers Dry Lake, east of runway between North Base & South Base, Boron, Kern County, CA

49 CFR 177.840 - Class 2 (gases) materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... complied with. (c) [Reserved] (d) Engine to be stopped in cargo tank motor vehicles, except for transfer... tank motor vehicles with the engine running unless the engine is used for the operation of the transfer... left without the power unit attached unless the vehicle is chocked or equivalent means are provided to...

40 CFR 1027.120 - Can I qualify for reduced fees?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... POLLUTION CONTROLS FEES FOR ENGINE, VEHICLE, AND EQUIPMENT COMPLIANCE PROGRAMS § 1027.120 Can I qualify for... eligible for a reduced fee: (1) The certificate is to be used for sale of vehicles or engines within the... aggregate projected retail sales price of all vehicles or engines covered by the certificate. (b) Initial...

40 CFR 1027.120 - Can I qualify for reduced fees?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... POLLUTION CONTROLS FEES FOR ENGINE, VEHICLE, AND EQUIPMENT COMPLIANCE PROGRAMS § 1027.120 Can I qualify for... eligible for a reduced fee: (1) The certificate is to be used for sale of vehicles or engines within the... aggregate projected retail sales price of all vehicles or engines covered by the certificate. (b) Initial...

40 CFR 1027.120 - Can I qualify for reduced fees?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... POLLUTION CONTROLS FEES FOR ENGINE, VEHICLE, AND EQUIPMENT COMPLIANCE PROGRAMS § 1027.120 Can I qualify for... eligible for a reduced fee: (1) The certificate is to be used for sale of vehicles or engines within the... aggregate projected retail sales price of all vehicles or engines covered by the certificate. (b) Initial...

40 CFR 1027.120 - Can I qualify for reduced fees?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... POLLUTION CONTROLS FEES FOR ENGINE, VEHICLE, AND EQUIPMENT COMPLIANCE PROGRAMS § 1027.120 Can I qualify for... eligible for a reduced fee: (1) The certificate is to be used for sale of vehicles or engines within the... aggregate projected retail sales price of all vehicles or engines covered by the certificate. (b) Initial...

40 CFR 1027.120 - Can I qualify for reduced fees?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... POLLUTION CONTROLS FEES FOR ENGINE, VEHICLE, AND EQUIPMENT COMPLIANCE PROGRAMS § 1027.120 Can I qualify for... eligible for a reduced fee: (1) The certificate is to be used for sale of vehicles or engines within the... aggregate projected retail sales price of all vehicles or engines covered by the certificate. (b) Initial...

4. COMPLETE X15 VEHICLE TEST STAND, DETAIL OF THRUST MOUNTING ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

4. COMPLETE X-15 VEHICLE TEST STAND, DETAIL OF THRUST MOUNTING STRUCTURE AT ENGINE END OF PLANE. - Edwards Air Force Base, X-15 Engine Test Complex, Rocket Engine & Complete X-15 Vehicle Test Stands, Rogers Dry Lake, east of runway between North Base & South Base, Boron, Kern County, CA

40 CFR 80.501 - What fuel is subject to the provisions of this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... for use as fuel in diesel motor vehicles or nonroad diesel engines or is blended with diesel fuel for use in diesel motor vehicles or nonroad diesel engines, including locomotive and marine diesel engines... (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) REGULATION OF FUELS AND FUEL ADDITIVES Motor Vehicle Diesel Fuel...

40 CFR 80.501 - What fuel is subject to the provisions of this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... for use as fuel in diesel motor vehicles or nonroad diesel engines or is blended with diesel fuel for use in diesel motor vehicles or nonroad diesel engines, including locomotive and marine diesel engines... (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) REGULATION OF FUELS AND FUEL ADDITIVES Motor Vehicle Diesel Fuel...

40 CFR 80.501 - What fuel is subject to the provisions of this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... for use as fuel in diesel motor vehicles or nonroad diesel engines or is blended with diesel fuel for use in diesel motor vehicles or nonroad diesel engines, including locomotive and marine diesel engines... (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) REGULATION OF FUELS AND FUEL ADDITIVES Motor Vehicle Diesel Fuel...

40 CFR 80.501 - What fuel is subject to the provisions of this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... for use as fuel in diesel motor vehicles or nonroad diesel engines or is blended with diesel fuel for use in diesel motor vehicles or nonroad diesel engines, including locomotive and marine diesel engines... (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) REGULATION OF FUELS AND FUEL ADDITIVES Motor Vehicle Diesel Fuel...

40 CFR 80.501 - What fuel is subject to the provisions of this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... for use as fuel in diesel motor vehicles or nonroad diesel engines or is blended with diesel fuel for use in diesel motor vehicles or nonroad diesel engines, including locomotive and marine diesel engines... (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) REGULATION OF FUELS AND FUEL ADDITIVES Motor Vehicle Diesel Fuel...

40 CFR 1051.345 - What production-line testing records must I send to EPA?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... (CONTINUED) AIR POLLUTION CONTROLS CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM RECREATIONAL ENGINES AND VEHICLES Testing Production-Line Vehicles and Engines § 1051.345 What production-line testing records must I send to EPA? (a.... We have not changed production processes or quality-control procedures for test engines (or vehicles...

40 CFR 1051.345 - What production-line testing records must I send to EPA?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... (CONTINUED) AIR POLLUTION CONTROLS CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM RECREATIONAL ENGINES AND VEHICLES Testing Production-Line Vehicles and Engines § 1051.345 What production-line testing records must I send to EPA? (a.... We have not changed production processes or quality-control procedures for test engines (or vehicles...

40 CFR 1051.345 - What production-line testing records must I send to EPA?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... (CONTINUED) AIR POLLUTION CONTROLS CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM RECREATIONAL ENGINES AND VEHICLES Testing Production-Line Vehicles and Engines § 1051.345 What production-line testing records must I send to EPA? (a.... We have not changed production processes or quality-control procedures for test engines (or vehicles...

40 CFR 1051.345 - What production-line testing records must I send to EPA?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... (CONTINUED) AIR POLLUTION CONTROLS CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM RECREATIONAL ENGINES AND VEHICLES Testing Production-Line Vehicles and Engines § 1051.345 What production-line testing records must I send to EPA? (a.... We have not changed production processes or quality-control procedures for test engines (or vehicles...

40 CFR 1051.345 - What production-line testing records must I send to EPA?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... (CONTINUED) AIR POLLUTION CONTROLS CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM RECREATIONAL ENGINES AND VEHICLES Testing Production-Line Vehicles and Engines § 1051.345 What production-line testing records must I send to EPA? (a.... We have not changed production processes or quality-control procedures for test engines (or vehicles...

77 FR 50502 - California State Nonroad Engine Pollution Control Standards; In-Use Heavy-Duty Vehicles (As...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-21

... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY [FRL 9716-9] California State Nonroad Engine Pollution Control Standards; In- Use Heavy-Duty Vehicles (As Applicable to Yard Trucks and Two-Engine Sweepers); Opportunity... from In-Use Heavy-Duty Diesel-Fueled Vehicles'' (commonly referred to as the ``Truck and Bus Regulation...

Evaluation of advanced propulsion options for the next manned transportation system: Propulsion evolution study

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Spears, L. T.; Kramer, R. D.

1990-01-01

The objectives were to examine launch vehicle applications and propulsion requirements for potential future manned space transportation systems and to support planning toward the evolution of Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) and Space Transportation Main Engine (STME) engines beyond their current or initial launch vehicle applications. As a basis for examinations of potential future manned launch vehicle applications, we used three classes of manned space transportation concepts currently under study: Space Transportation System Evolution, Personal Launch System (PLS), and Advanced Manned Launch System (AMLS). Tasks included studies of launch vehicle applications and requirements for hydrogen-oxygen rocket engines; the development of suggestions for STME engine evolution beyond the mid-1990's; the development of suggestions for STME evolution beyond the Advanced Launch System (ALS) application; the study of booster propulsion options, including LOX-Hydrocarbon options; the analysis of the prospects and requirements for utilization of a single engine configuration over the full range of vehicle applications, including manned vehicles plus ALS and Shuttle C; and a brief review of on-going and planned LOX-Hydrogen propulsion technology activities.

Abort performance for a winged-body single-stage to orbit vehicle. M.S. Thesis - George Washington Univ.

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lyon, Jeffery A.

1995-01-01

Optimal control theory is employed to determine the performance of abort to orbit (ATO) and return to launch site (RTLS) maneuvers for a single-stage to orbit vehicle. The vehicle configuration examined is a seven engine, winged-body vehicle, that lifts-off vertically and lands horizontally. The abort maneuvers occur as the vehicle ascends to orbit and are initiated when the vehicle suffers an engine failure. The optimal control problems are numerically solved in discretized form via a nonlinear programming (NLP) algorithm. A description highlighting the attributes of this NLP method is provided. ATO maneuver results show that the vehicle is capable of ascending to orbit with a single engine failure at lift-off. Two engine out ATO maneuvers are not possible from the launch pad, but are possible after launch when the thrust to weight ratio becomes sufficiently large. Results show that single engine out RTLS maneuvers can be made for up to 180 seconds after lift-off and that there are scenarios for which RTLS maneuvers should be performed instead of ATP maneuvers.

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Image of Hyper-X Research Vehicle at Mach 7 with Engine Operating

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1997-01-01

This computational fluid dynamics (CFD) image shows the Hyper-X vehicle at a Mach 7 test condition with the engine operating. The solution includes both internal (scramjet engine) and external flow fields, including the interaction between the engine exhaust and vehicle aerodynamics. The image illustrates surface heat transfer on the vehicle surface (red is highest heating) and flowfield contours at local Mach number. The last contour illustrates the engine exhaust plume shape. This solution approach is one method of predicting the vehicle performance, and the best method for determination of vehicle structural, pressure and thermal design loads. The Hyper-X program is an ambitious series of experimental flights to expand the boundaries of high-speed aeronautics and develop new technologies for space access. When the first of three aircraft flies, it will be the first time a non-rocket engine has powered a vehicle in flight at hypersonic speeds--speeds above Mach 5, equivalent to about one mile per second or approximately 3,600 miles per hour at sea level. Hyper-X, the flight vehicle for which is designated as X-43A, is an experimental flight-research program seeking to demonstrate airframe-integrated, 'air-breathing' engine technologies that promise to increase payload capacity for future vehicles, including hypersonic aircraft (faster than Mach 5) and reusable space launchers. This multiyear program is currently underway at NASA Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards, California. The Hyper-X schedule calls for its first flight later this year (2000). Hyper-X is a joint program, with Dryden sharing responsibility with NASA's Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia. Dryden's primary role is to fly three unpiloted X-43A research vehicles to validate engine technologies and hypersonic design tools as well as the hypersonic test facility at Langley. Langley manages the program and leads the technology development effort. The Hyper-X Program seeks to significantly expand the speed boundaries of air-breathing propulsion by being the first aircraft to demonstrate an airframe-integrated, scramjet-powered free flight. Scramjets (supersonic-combustion ramjets) are ramjet engines in which the airflow through the whole engine remains supersonic. Scramjet technology is challenging because only limited testing can be performed in ground facilities. Long duration, full-scale testing requires flight research. Scramjet engines are air-breathing, capturing their oxygen from the atmosphere. Current spacecraft, such as the Space Shuttle, are rocket powered, so they must carry both fuel and oxygen for propulsion. Scramjet technology-based vehicles need to carry only fuel. By eliminating the need to carry oxygen, future hypersonic vehicles will be able to carry heavier payloads. Another unique aspect of the X-43A vehicle is the airframe integration. The body of the vehicle itself forms critical elements of the engine. The forebody acts as part of the intake for airflow and the aft section serves as the nozzle. The X-43A vehicles were manufactured by Micro Craft, Inc., Tullahoma, Tennessee. Orbital Sciences Corporation, Chandler, Arizona, built the Pegasus rocket booster used to launch the X-43 vehicles. For the Dryden research flights, the Pegasus rocket booster and attached X-43 will be air launched by Dryden's B-52 'Mothership.' After release from the B-52, the booster will accelerate the X-43A vehicle to the established test conditions (Mach 7 to 10) at an altitude of approximately 100,000 feet where the X-43 will separate from the booster and fly under its own power and preprogrammed control.

Dual-fuel, dual-throat engine preliminary analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Obrien, C. J.

1979-01-01

A propulsion system analysis of the dual fuel, dual throat engine for launch vehicle applications was conducted. Basic dual throat engine characterization data were obtained to allow vehicle optimization studies to be conducted. A preliminary baseline engine system was defined.

40 CFR 86.1101-87 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... for Gasoline-Fueled and Diesel Heavy-Duty Engines and Heavy-Duty Vehicles, Including Light-Duty Trucks... year gasoline-fueled and diesel heavy-duty engines and heavy-duty vehicles. These vehicles include... heavy-duty vehicles under the provisions of subpart S of this part. [65 FR 59957, Oct. 6, 2000] ...

40 CFR 86.085-37 - Production vehicles and engines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

..., Liquefied Petroleum Gas-Fueled and Methanol-Fueled Heavy-Duty Vehicles § 86.085-37 Production vehicles and engines. (a) Any manufacturer obtaining certification under this part shall supply to the Administrator... light-duty vehicles or light-duty trucks obtaining certification under this part shall notify the...

40 CFR 86.085-37 - Production vehicles and engines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

..., Liquefied Petroleum Gas-Fueled and Methanol-Fueled Heavy-Duty Vehicles § 86.085-37 Production vehicles and engines. (a) Any manufacturer obtaining certification under this part shall supply to the Administrator... light-duty vehicles or light-duty trucks obtaining certification under this part shall notify the...

Advanced propulsion system concept for hybrid vehicles

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bhate, S.; Chen, H.; Dochat, G.

1980-01-01

A series hybrid system, utilizing a free piston Stirling engine with a linear alternator, and a parallel hybrid system, incorporating a kinematic Stirling engine, are analyzed for various specified reference missions/vehicles ranging from a small two passenger commuter vehicle to a van. Parametric studies for each configuration, detail tradeoff studies to determine engine, battery and system definition, short term energy storage evaluation, and detail life cycle cost studies were performed. Results indicate that the selection of a parallel Stirling engine/electric, hybrid propulsion system can significantly reduce petroleum consumption by 70 percent over present conventional vehicles.

Reaction Control Engine for Space Launch Initiative

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

Engineers at the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) have begun a series of engine tests on a new breed of space propulsion: a Reaction Control Engine developed for the Space Launch Initiative (SLI). The engine, developed by TRW Space and Electronics of Redondo Beach, California, is an auxiliary propulsion engine designed to maneuver vehicles in orbit. It is used for docking, reentry, attitude control, and fine-pointing while the vehicle is in orbit. The engine uses nontoxic chemicals as propellants, a feature that creates a safer environment for ground operators, lowers cost, and increases efficiency with less maintenance and quicker turnaround time between missions. Testing includes 30 hot-firings. This photograph shows the first engine test performed at MSFC that includes SLI technology. Another unique feature of the Reaction Control Engine is that it operates at dual thrust modes, combining two engine functions into one engine. The engine operates at both 25 and 1,000 pounds of force, reducing overall propulsion weight and allowing vehicles to easily maneuver in space. The low-level thrust of 25 pounds of force allows the vehicle to fine-point maneuver and dock while the high-level thrust of 1,000 pounds of force is used for reentry, orbit transfer, and coarse positioning. SLI is a NASA-wide research and development program, managed by the MSFC, designed to improve safety, reliability, and cost effectiveness of space travel for second generation reusable launch vehicles.

40 CFR 1051.140 - What is my vehicle's maximum engine power and displacement?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... power and displacement? 1051.140 Section 1051.140 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION... displacement? This section describes how to quantify your vehicle's maximum engine power and displacement for... available engine torque with engine speed. (b) An engine configuration's displacement is the intended swept...

40 CFR 1051.140 - What is my vehicle's maximum engine power and displacement?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... power and displacement? 1051.140 Section 1051.140 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION... displacement? This section describes how to quantify your vehicle's maximum engine power and displacement for... available engine torque with engine speed. (b) An engine configuration's displacement is the intended swept...

40 CFR 1051.140 - What is my vehicle's maximum engine power and displacement?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... power and displacement? 1051.140 Section 1051.140 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION... displacement? This section describes how to quantify your vehicle's maximum engine power and displacement for... available engine torque with engine speed. (b) An engine configuration's displacement is the intended swept...

40 CFR 1051.140 - What is my vehicle's maximum engine power and displacement?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... power and displacement? 1051.140 Section 1051.140 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION... displacement? This section describes how to quantify your vehicle's maximum engine power and displacement for... available engine torque with engine speed. (b) An engine configuration's displacement is the intended swept...

40 CFR 1051.140 - What is my vehicle's maximum engine power and displacement?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... power and displacement? 1051.140 Section 1051.140 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION... displacement? This section describes how to quantify your vehicle's maximum engine power and displacement for... available engine torque with engine speed. (b) An engine configuration's displacement is the intended swept...

76 FR 19829 - Clean Alternative Fuel Vehicle and Engine Conversions

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-08

...EPA is streamlining the process by which manufacturers of clean alternative fuel conversion systems may demonstrate compliance with vehicle and engine emissions requirements. Specifically, EPA is revising the regulatory criteria for gaining an exemption from the Clean Air Act prohibition against tampering for the conversion of vehicles and engines to operate on a clean alternative fuel. This final rule creates additional compliance options beyond certification that protect manufacturers of clean alternative fuel conversion systems against a tampering violation, depending on the age of the vehicle or engine to be converted. The new options alleviate some economic and procedural impediments to clean alternative fuel conversions while maintaining environmental safeguards to ensure that acceptable emission levels from converted vehicles are sustained.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Joyce, R.J.; Natusch, D.F.S.; Richardson, D.W.

Blends of 15% methanol with petrol containing 1% isobutanol have been utilised by 45 vehicles operated for a period of two years. An additional 907 vehicles have been operated for approximately one year to obtain information about the distribution of M15 blends, about necessary co-solvent concentrations, and about general vehicle driveability. Initial studies have also been conducted using 15-20% emulsions of methanol with diesel in diesel-cycle engines. High methanol fuels ranging from M85 to M100 have been tested in six purpose-built vehicles and 45 retrofitted vehicles involving four different types of retrofit systems. In addition, high methanol fuels have alsomore » been tested in dieselcycle engines involving two different types of purpose-built engines, together with unmodified engines.« less

Final Rule for Standards for Emissions From Natural Gas-Fueled, and Liquefied Petroleum Gas-Fueled Motor Vehicles and Motor Vehicle Engines, and Certification Procedures for Aftermarket Conversions

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This rule provides emission standards and test procedures for the certification of new natural gasfueled, and liquefied petroleum gasfueled light-duty vehicles, light-duty trucks, heavy-duty engines and vehicles, and motorcycles.

40 CFR 85.1502 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Procedure at part 86. (7) Independent commercial importer (ICI). An importer who is not an original... by an OEM or ICI in the course of motor vehicle or motor vehicle engine production. (14) United... time of resale (for a motor vehicle or motor vehicle engine owned by the ICI at the time of importation...

40 CFR 85.1502 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Procedure at part 86. (7) Independent commercial importer (ICI). An importer who is not an original... by an OEM or ICI in the course of motor vehicle or motor vehicle engine production. (14) United... time of resale (for a motor vehicle or motor vehicle engine owned by the ICI at the time of importation...

40 CFR 85.1502 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Procedure at part 86. (7) Independent commercial importer (ICI). An importer who is not an original... by an OEM or ICI in the course of motor vehicle or motor vehicle engine production. (14) United... time of resale (for a motor vehicle or motor vehicle engine owned by the ICI at the time of importation...

40 CFR 85.1502 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Procedure at part 86. (7) Independent commercial importer (ICI). An importer who is not an original... by an OEM or ICI in the course of motor vehicle or motor vehicle engine production. (14) United... time of resale (for a motor vehicle or motor vehicle engine owned by the ICI at the time of importation...

40 CFR 1027.101 - To whom do these requirements apply?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... POLLUTION CONTROLS FEES FOR ENGINE, VEHICLE, AND EQUIPMENT COMPLIANCE PROGRAMS § 1027.101 To whom do these..., vehicle, and equipment compliance program (EVECP). This includes activities related to approving... products: (1) Motor vehicles and motor vehicle engines we regulate under 40 CFR part 86. This includes...

40 CFR 1051.20 - May I certify a recreational engine instead of the vehicle?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... in subpart F of this part. If the test procedures require vehicle testing, use good engineering... installation instructions as described in § 1051.130 and use good engineering judgment so that the engines will... section, use good engineering judgment to ensure that these engines are produced in the same manner as the...

40 CFR 1051.20 - May I certify a recreational engine instead of the vehicle?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... in subpart F of this part. If the test procedures require vehicle testing, use good engineering... installation instructions as described in § 1051.130 and use good engineering judgment so that the engines will... section, use good engineering judgment to ensure that these engines are produced in the same manner as the...

40 CFR 1051.20 - May I certify a recreational engine instead of the vehicle?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... in subpart F of this part. If the test procedures require vehicle testing, use good engineering... installation instructions as described in § 1051.130 and use good engineering judgment so that the engines will... section, use good engineering judgment to ensure that these engines are produced in the same manner as the...

40 CFR 1051.20 - May I certify a recreational engine instead of the vehicle?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... in subpart F of this part. If the test procedures require vehicle testing, use good engineering... installation instructions as described in § 1051.130 and use good engineering judgment so that the engines will... section, use good engineering judgment to ensure that these engines are produced in the same manner as the...

The MSFC Systems Engineering Guide: An Overview and Plan

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shelby, Jerry A.; Thomas, L. Dale

2007-01-01

As systems and subsystems requirements become more complex in the pursuit of the exploration of space, advanced technology will demand and require an integrated approach to the design and development of safe and successful space vehicles and there products. System engineers play a vital and key role in transforming mission needs into vehicle requirements that can be verified and validated. This will result in a safe and cost effective design that will satisfy the mission schedule. A key to successful vehicle design within systems engineering is communication. Communication, through a systems engineering infrastructure, will not only ensure that customers and stakeholders are satisfied but will also assist in identifying vehicle requirements; i.e. identification, integration and management. This vehicle design will produce a system that is verifiable, traceable, and effectively satisfies cost, schedule, performance, and risk throughout the life-cycle of the product. A communication infrastructure will bring about the integration of different engineering disciplines within vehicle design. A system utilizing these aspects will enhance system engineering performance and improve upon required activities such as Development of Requirements, Requirements Management, Functional Analysis, Test, Synthesis, Trade Studies, Documentation, and Lessons Learned to produce a successful final product. This paper will describe the guiding vision, progress to date and the plan forward for development of the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) Systems Engineering Guide (SEG), a virtual systems engineering handbook and archive that will describe the system engineering processes that are used by MSFC in the development of complex systems such as the Ares launch vehicle. It is the intent of this website to be a "One Stop Shop" for our systems engineers that will provide tutorial information, an overview of processes and procedures and links to assist system engineering with guidance and references, and provide an archive of systems engineering artifacts produced by the many NASA projects developed and managed by MSFC over the years.

Application of dual-fuel propulsion to a single stage AMLS vehicle

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lepsch, Roger A., Jr.; Stanley, Douglas O.; Unal, Resit

1993-01-01

As part of NASA's Advanced Manned Launch System (AMLS) study to determine a follow-on, or complement, to the Space Shuttle, a reusable single-stage-to-orbit concept utilizing dual-fuel rocket propulsion has been examined. Several dual-fuel propulsion concepts were investigated. These include: a separate engine concept combining Russian RD-170 kerosene-fueled engines with SSME-derivative engines; the kerosene and hydrogen-fueled Russian RD-701 engine concept; and a dual-fuel, dual-expander engine concept. Analysis to determine vehicle weight and size characteristics was performed using conceptual level design techniques. A response surface methodology for multidisciplinary design was utilized to optimize the dual-fuel vehicle concepts with respect to several important propulsion system and vehicle design parameters in order to achieve minimum empty weight. Comparisons were then made with a hydrogen-fueled reference, single-stage vehicle. The tools and methods employed in the analysis process are also summarized.

Lightning Protection Guidelines for Aerospace Vehicles

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Goodloe, C. C.

1999-01-01

This technical memorandum provides lightning protection engineering guidelines and technical procedures used by the George C. Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) Electromagnetics and Aerospace Environments Branch for aerospace vehicles. The overviews illustrate the technical support available to project managers, chief engineers, and design engineers to ensure that aerospace vehicles managed by MSFC are adequately protected from direct and indirect effects of lightning. Generic descriptions of the lightning environment and vehicle protection technical processes are presented. More specific aerospace vehicle requirements for lightning protection design, performance, and interface characteristics are available upon request to the MSFC Electromagnetics and Aerospace Environments Branch, mail code EL23.

Control system and method for a hybrid electric vehicle

DOEpatents

Tamor, Michael Alan

2001-03-06

Several control methods are presented for application in a hybrid electric vehicle powertrain including in various embodiments an engine, a motor/generator, a transmission coupled at an input thereof to receive torque from the engine and the motor generator coupled to augment torque provided by the engine, an energy storage device coupled to receive energy from and provide energy to the motor/generator, an engine controller (EEC) coupled to control the engine, a transmission controller (TCM) coupled to control the transmission and a vehicle system controller (VSC) adapted to control the powertrain.

Method and apparatus for selectively controlling the speed of an engine

DOEpatents

Davis, Roy Inge

2001-02-27

A control assembly 12 for use within a vehicle 10 having an engine 14 and which selectively controls the speed of the engine 14 in order to increase fuel efficiency and to effect relatively smooth starting and stopping of the engine. Particularly, in one embodiment, control assembly 12 cooperatively operates with a starter/alternator assembly 20 and is adapted for use with hybrid vehicles employing a start/stop powertrain assembly, wherein fuel efficiency is increased by selectively stopping engine operation when the vehicle has stopped.

Effects of Gas Turbine Component Performance on Engine and Rotary Wing Vehicle Size and Performance

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Snyder, Christopher A.; Thurman, Douglas R.

2010-01-01

In support of the Fundamental Aeronautics Program, Subsonic Rotary Wing Project, further gas turbine engine studies have been performed to quantify the effects of advanced gas turbine technologies on engine weight and fuel efficiency and the subsequent effects on a civilian rotary wing vehicle size and mission fuel. The Large Civil Tiltrotor (LCTR) vehicle and mission and a previous gas turbine engine study will be discussed as a starting point for this effort. Methodology used to assess effects of different compressor and turbine component performance on engine size, weight and fuel efficiency will be presented. A process to relate engine performance to overall LCTR vehicle size and fuel use will also be given. Technology assumptions and levels of performance used in this analysis for the compressor and turbine components performances will be discussed. Optimum cycles (in terms of power specific fuel consumption) will be determined with subsequent engine weight analysis. The combination of engine weight and specific fuel consumption will be used to estimate their effect on the overall LCTR vehicle size and mission fuel usage. All results will be summarized to help suggest which component performance areas have the most effect on the overall mission.

Fuzzy control based engine sizing optimization for a fuel cell/battery hybrid mini-bus

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kim, Minjin; Sohn, Young-Jun; Lee, Won-Yong; Kim, Chang-Soo

The fuel cell/battery hybrid vehicle has been focused for the alternative engine of the existing internal-combustion engine due to the following advantages of the fuel cell and the battery. Firstly, the fuel cell is highly efficient and eco-friendly. Secondly, the battery has the fast response for the changeable power demand. However, the competitive efficiency of the hybrid fuel cell vehicle is necessary to successfully alternate the conventional vehicles with the fuel cell hybrid vehicle. The most relevant factor which affects the overall efficiency of the hybrid fuel cell vehicle is the relative engine sizing between the fuel cell and the battery. Therefore the design method to optimize the engine sizing of the fuel cell hybrid vehicle has been proposed. The target system is the fuel cell/battery hybrid mini-bus and its power distribution is controlled based on the fuzzy logic. The optimal engine sizes are determined based on the simulator developed in this paper. The simulator includes the several models for the fuel cell, the battery, and the major balance of plants. After the engine sizing, the system efficiency and the stability of the power distribution are verified based on the well-known driving schedule. Consequently, the optimally designed mini-bus shows good performance.

Research Technology

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-03-11

Engineers at the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) have begun a series of engine tests on a new breed of space propulsion: a Reaction Control Engine developed for the Space Launch Initiative (SLI). The engine, developed by TRW Space and Electronics of Redondo Beach, California, is an auxiliary propulsion engine designed to maneuver vehicles in orbit. It is used for docking, reentry, attitude control, and fine-pointing while the vehicle is in orbit. The engine uses nontoxic chemicals as propellants, a feature that creates a safer environment for ground operators, lowers cost, and increases efficiency with less maintenance and quicker turnaround time between missions. Testing includes 30 hot-firings. This photograph shows the first engine test performed at MSFC that includes SLI technology. Another unique feature of the Reaction Control Engine is that it operates at dual thrust modes, combining two engine functions into one engine. The engine operates at both 25 and 1,000 pounds of force, reducing overall propulsion weight and allowing vehicles to easily maneuver in space. The low-level thrust of 25 pounds of force allows the vehicle to fine-point maneuver and dock while the high-level thrust of 1,000 pounds of force is used for reentry, orbit transfer, and coarse positioning. SLI is a NASA-wide research and development program, managed by the MSFC, designed to improve safety, reliability, and cost effectiveness of space travel for second generation reusable launch vehicles.

Secondary Organic Aerosol Production from Gasoline Vehicle Exhaust: Effects of Engine Technology, Cold Start, and Emission Certification Standard.

PubMed

Zhao, Yunliang; Lambe, Andrew T; Saleh, Rawad; Saliba, Georges; Robinson, Allen L

2018-02-06

Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from dilute exhaust from 16 gasoline vehicles was investigated using a potential aerosol mass (PAM) oxidation flow reactor during chassis dynamometer testing using the cold-start unified cycle (UC). Ten vehicles were equipped with gasoline direct injection engines (GDI vehicles) and six with port fuel injection engines (PFI vehicles) certified to a wide range of emissions standards. We measured similar SOA production from GDI and PFI vehicles certified to the same emissions standard; less SOA production from vehicles certified to stricter emissions standards; and, after accounting for differences in gas-particle partitioning, similar effective SOA yields across different engine technologies and certification standards. Therefore the ongoing, dramatic shift from PFI to GDI vehicles in the United States should not alter the contribution of gasoline vehicles to ambient SOA and the natural replacement of older vehicles with newer ones certified to stricter emissions standards should reduce atmospheric SOA levels. Compared to hot operations, cold-start exhaust had lower effective SOA yields, but still contributed more SOA overall because of substantially higher organic gas emissions. We demonstrate that the PAM reactor can be used as a screening tool for vehicle SOA production by carefully accounting for the effects of the large variations in emission rates.

Annual Certification Data for Vehicles and Engines

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The Annual Certification Test Results Report (often referred to as Federal Register Test Results Report) includes light-duty vehicle and heavy-duty engine reports of projected emission levels at the end of the useful life of a vehicle.

49 CFR 523.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

..., shoulder room, and leg room dimensions determined in accordance with the procedures outlined in Society of... Engineering Committee, Society of Automotive Engineers, approved September 1973 and last revised September... secondary vehicle manufacturers. Incomplete vehicles include cab-complete vehicles. Innovative technology...

40 CFR 86.001-24 - Test vehicles and engines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Petroleum Gas-Fueled and Methanol-Fueled Heavy-Duty Vehicles § 86.001-24 Test vehicles and engines. Section... which certification has been obtained or for which all applicable data required under § 86.001-23 has...

40 CFR 86.001-24 - Test vehicles and engines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Petroleum Gas-Fueled and Methanol-Fueled Heavy-Duty Vehicles § 86.001-24 Test vehicles and engines. Section... which certification has been obtained or for which all applicable data required under § 86.001-23 has...

Evaluation of traffic exhaust contributions to ambient carbonaceous submicron particulate matter in an urban roadside environment in Hong Kong

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lee, Berto Paul; Kwok Keung Louie, Peter; Luk, Connie; Keung Chan, Chak

2017-12-01

Road traffic has significant impacts on air quality particularly in densely urbanized and populated areas where vehicle emissions are a major local source of ambient particulate matter. Engine type (i.e., fuel use) significantly impacts the chemical characteristics of tailpipe emission, and thus the distribution of engine types in traffic impacts measured ambient concentrations. This study provides an estimation of the contribution of vehicles powered by different fuels (gasoline, diesel, LPG) to carbonaceous submicron aerosol mass (PM1) based on ambient aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) and elemental carbon (EC) measurements and vehicle count data in an urban inner city environment in Hong Kong with the aim to gauge the importance of different engine types to particulate matter burdens in a typical urban street canyon. On an average per-vehicle basis, gasoline vehicles emitted 75 and 93 % more organics than diesel and LPG vehicles, respectively, while EC emissions from diesel vehicles were 45 % higher than those from gasoline vehicles. LPG vehicles showed no appreciable contributions to EC and thus overall represented a small contributor to traffic-related primary ambient PM1 despite their high abundance (˜ 30 %) in the traffic mix. Total carbonaceous particle mass contributions to ambient PM1 from diesel engines were only marginally higher (˜ 4 %) than those from gasoline engines, which is likely an effect of recently introduced control strategies targeted at commercial vehicles and buses. Overall, gasoline vehicles contributed 1.2 µg m-3 of EC and 1.1 µ m-3 of organics, LPG vehicles 0.6 µg m-3 of organics and diesel vehicles 2.0 µg m-3 of EC and 0.7 µg m-3 of organics to ambient carbonaceous PM1.

40 CFR 86.096-24 - Test vehicles and engines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... certification must be grouped based upon similar engine design and emission control system characteristics. Each... family will be divided into groups based upon their exhaust emission control systems. One engine of each... vehicle designs of equal number to the number of engine families within the engine family group, up to a...

40 CFR 86.096-24 - Test vehicles and engines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... certification must be grouped based upon similar engine design and emission control system characteristics. Each... family will be divided into groups based upon their exhaust emission control systems. One engine of each... vehicle designs of equal number to the number of engine families within the engine family group, up to a...

40 CFR 86.096-24 - Test vehicles and engines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... certification must be grouped based upon similar engine design and emission control system characteristics. Each... family will be divided into groups based upon their exhaust emission control systems. One engine of each... vehicle designs of equal number to the number of engine families within the engine family group, up to a...

40 CFR 1051.320 - What happens if one of my production-line vehicles or engines fails to meet emission standards?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...-line vehicles or engines fails to meet emission standards? 1051.320 Section 1051.320 Protection of... of my production-line vehicles or engines fails to meet emission standards? (a) If you have a... standards (see § 1051.315(a)), the certificate of conformity is automatically suspended for that failing...

40 CFR 1051.320 - What happens if one of my production-line vehicles or engines fails to meet emission standards?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...-line vehicles or engines fails to meet emission standards? 1051.320 Section 1051.320 Protection of... of my production-line vehicles or engines fails to meet emission standards? (a) If you have a... standards (see § 1051.315(a)), the certificate of conformity is automatically suspended for that failing...

Current State of Military Hybrid Vehicle Development

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-08-31

Integrated starter generator for engine shut down, regenerative braking and avoidance of inefficient engine operation [28]. FMTV VI Composite 6-9% Fuel...and eliminating the inefficiencies associated with idling, vehicle braking and low engine speed part load efficiency, many improvements could be...different drive cycles were being used to evaluate vehicle performance. These cycles can be divided into the following two categories : (1) Time

40 CFR 80.590 - What are the product transfer document requirements for motor vehicle diesel fuel, NRLM diesel...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... such fuel is dispensed into motor vehicles or nonroad equipment, locomotives, marine diesel engines or...) Undyed Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel Fuel. For use in all diesel vehicles and engines.” From June 1, 2006... (maximum) Dyed Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel Fuel. For use in all nonroad diesel engines. Not for use in highway...

40 CFR 80.590 - What are the product transfer document requirements for motor vehicle diesel fuel, NRLM diesel...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... such fuel is dispensed into motor vehicles or nonroad equipment, locomotives, marine diesel engines or...) Undyed Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel Fuel. For use in all diesel vehicles and engines.” From June 1, 2006... (maximum) Dyed Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel Fuel. For use in all nonroad diesel engines. Not for use in highway...

40 CFR 80.590 - What are the product transfer document requirements for motor vehicle diesel fuel, NRLM diesel...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... such fuel is dispensed into motor vehicles or nonroad equipment, locomotives, marine diesel engines or...) Undyed Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel Fuel. For use in all diesel vehicles and engines.” From June 1, 2006... (maximum) Dyed Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel Fuel. For use in all nonroad diesel engines. Not for use in highway...

40 CFR 80.590 - What are the product transfer document requirements for motor vehicle diesel fuel, NRLM diesel...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... such fuel is dispensed into motor vehicles or nonroad equipment, locomotives, marine diesel engines or...) Undyed Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel Fuel. For use in all diesel vehicles and engines.” From June 1, 2006... (maximum) Dyed Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel Fuel. For use in all nonroad diesel engines. Not for use in highway...

40 CFR 80.590 - What are the product transfer document requirements for motor vehicle diesel fuel, NRLM diesel...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... such fuel is dispensed into motor vehicles or nonroad equipment, locomotives, marine diesel engines or...) Undyed Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel Fuel. For use in all diesel vehicles and engines.” From June 1, 2006... (maximum) Dyed Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel Fuel. For use in all nonroad diesel engines. Not for use in highway...

Advanced orbit transfer vehicle propulsion system study

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cathcart, J. A.; Cooper, T. W.; Corringrato, R. M.; Cronau, S. T.; Forgie, S. C.; Harder, M. J.; Mcallister, J. G.; Rudman, T. J.; Stoneback, V. W.

1985-01-01

A reuseable orbit transfer vehicle concept was defined and subsequent recommendations for the design criteria of an advanced LO2/LH2 engine were presented. The major characteristics of the vehicle preliminary design include a low lift to drag aerocapture capability, main propulsion system failure criteria of fail operational/fail safe, and either two main engines with an attitude control system for backup or three main engines to meet the failure criteria. A maintenance and servicing approach was also established for the advanced vehicle and engine concepts. Design tradeoff study conclusions were based on the consideration of reliability, performance, life cycle costs, and mission flexibility.

Progress on the J-2X Upper Stage Engine for the Ares I Crew Launch Vehicle and the Ares V Cargo Launch Vehicle

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Byrd, Thomas D.; Kynard, Michael .

2007-01-01

NASA's Vision for Exploration requires a safe, reliable, affordable upper stage engine to power the Ares I Crew Launch Vehicle (CLV) and the Ares V Cargo Launch Vehicle. The J-2X engine is being developed for that purpose, epitomizing NASA's philosophy of employing legacy knowledge, heritage hardware, and commonality to carry the next generation of explorers into low-Earth orbit and out into the solar system This presentation gives top-level details on accomplishments to date and discusses forward work necessary to bring the J-2X engine to the launch pad.

Ares V and RS-68B

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Creech, Steve; Taylor, Jim; Bellamy, Scott; Kuck, Fritz

2008-01-01

Ares V is the heavy lift vehicle NASA is designing for lunar and other space missions. It has significantly more lift capability than the Saturn V vehicle used for the Apollo missions to the moon. Ares V is powered by two recoverable 5.5 segment solid rocket boosters and six RS-68B engines on the core stage. The upper stage, designated as the Earth Departure Stage, is powered by a single J-2X engine. This paper provides an overview of the Ares V vehicle and the RS-68B engine, an upgrade to the Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne RS-68 engine developed for the Delta IV vehicle.

40 CFR Appendix II to Subpart S of... - As-Received Testing Vehicle Rejection Criteria

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES... vehicle has been used for severe duty (trailer towing for passenger cars, snow plowing, racing) 4. The vehicle has a history of extensive collision damage or major engine repair (piston, crank, cylinder head...

40 CFR Appendix II to Subpart S of... - As-Received Testing Vehicle Rejection Criteria

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES... vehicle has been used for severe duty (trailer towing for passenger cars, snow plowing, racing) 4. The vehicle has a history of extensive collision damage or major engine repair (piston, crank, cylinder head...

40 CFR Appendix II to Subpart S of... - As-Received Testing Vehicle Rejection Criteria

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES... vehicle has been used for severe duty (trailer towing for passenger cars, snow plowing, racing) 4. The vehicle has a history of extensive collision damage or major engine repair (piston, crank, cylinder head...

40 CFR Appendix II to Subpart S of... - As-Received Testing Vehicle Rejection Criteria

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES... vehicle has been used for severe duty (trailer towing for passenger cars, snow plowing, racing) 4. The vehicle has a history of extensive collision damage or major engine repair (piston, crank, cylinder head...

40 CFR 86.096-7 - Maintenance of records; submittal of information; right of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... records for each such vehicle: (i) EPA engine family; (ii) Vehicle identification number; (iii) Model year... AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES General Provisions for Emission Regulations for 1977 and Later Model Year New Light-Duty Vehicles...

40 CFR 86.096-7 - Maintenance of records; submittal of information; right of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... records for each such vehicle: (i) EPA engine family; (ii) Vehicle identification number; (iii) Model year... AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES General Provisions for Emission Regulations for 1977 and Later Model Year New Light-Duty Vehicles...

40 CFR 86.096-7 - Maintenance of records; submittal of information; right of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... records for each such vehicle: (i) EPA engine family; (ii) Vehicle identification number; (iii) Model year... AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES General Provisions for Emission Regulations for 1977 and Later Model Year New Light-Duty Vehicles...

40 CFR 86.1734-99 - Alternative procedure for notification of additions and changes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... VEHICLES AND ENGINES (CONTINUED) General Provisions for the Voluntary National Low Emission Vehicle Program for Light-Duty Vehicles and Light-Duty Trucks § 86.1734-99 Alternative procedure for notification of... the Administrator within 10 working days of making an addition of a vehicle to a certified engine...

40 CFR 86.1734-99 - Alternative procedure for notification of additions and changes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... VEHICLES AND ENGINES (CONTINUED) General Provisions for the Voluntary National Low Emission Vehicle Program for Light-Duty Vehicles and Light-Duty Trucks § 86.1734-99 Alternative procedure for notification of... the Administrator within 10 working days of making an addition of a vehicle to a certified engine...

The X-43A Hyper-X Mach 7 Flight 2 Guidance, Navigation, and Control Overview and Flight Test Results

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bahm, Catherine; Baumann, Ethan; Martin, John; Bose, David; Beck, Roger E.; Strovers, Brian

2005-01-01

The objective of the Hyper-X program was to flight demonstrate an airframe-integrated hypersonic vehicle. On March 27, 2004, the Hyper-X program team successfully conducted flight 2 and achieved all of the research objectives. The Hyper-X research vehicle successfully separated from the Hyper-X launch vehicle and achieved the desired engine test conditions before the experiment began. The research vehicle rejected the disturbances caused by the cowl door opening and the fuel turning on and off and maintained the engine test conditions throughout the experiment. After the engine test was complete, the vehicle recovered and descended along a trajectory while performing research maneuvers. The last data acquired showed that the vehicle maintained control to the water. This report will provide an overview of the research vehicle guidance and control systems and the performance of the vehicle during the separation event and engine test. The research maneuvers were performed to collect data for aerodynamics and flight controls research. This report also will provide an overview of the flight controls related research and results.

Research Technology

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-03-13

NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) in Huntsville, Alabama, has begun a series of engine tests on the Reaction Control Engine developed by TRW Space and Electronics for NASA's Space Launch Initiative (SLI). SLI is a technology development effort aimed at improving the safety, reliability, and cost effectiveness of space travel for reusable launch vehicles. The engine in this photo, the first engine tested at MSFC that includes SLI technology, was tested for two seconds at a chamber pressure of 185 pounds per square inch absolute (psia). Propellants used were liquid oxygen as an oxidizer and liquid hydrogen as fuel. Designed to maneuver vehicles in orbit, the engine is used as an auxiliary propulsion system for docking, reentry, fine-pointing, and orbit transfer while the vehicle is in orbit. The Reaction Control Engine has two unique features. It uses nontoxic chemicals as propellants, which creates a safer environment with less maintenance and quicker turnaround time between missions, and it operates in dual thrust modes, combining two engine functions into one engine. The engine operates at both 25 and 1,000 pounds of force, reducing overall propulsion weight and allowing vehicles to easily maneuver in space. The force of low level thrust allows the vehicle to fine-point maneuver and dock, while the force of the high level thrust is used for reentry, orbital transfer, and course positioning.

40 CFR 1051.325 - What happens if an engine family fails the production-line testing requirements?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... certificate. (d) Section 1051.335 specifies steps you must take to remedy the cause of the engine family's... 40 Protection of Environment 32 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What happens if an engine family fails... ENGINES AND VEHICLES Testing Production-Line Vehicles and Engines § 1051.325 What happens if an engine...

Integrated thermal and energy management of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shams-Zahraei, Mojtaba; Kouzani, Abbas Z.; Kutter, Steffen; Bäker, Bernard

2012-10-01

In plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), the engine temperature declines due to reduced engine load and extended engine off period. It is proven that the engine efficiency and emissions depend on the engine temperature. Also, temperature influences the vehicle air-conditioner and the cabin heater loads. Particularly, while the engine is cold, the power demand of the cabin heater needs to be provided by the batteries instead of the waste heat of engine coolant. The existing energy management strategies (EMS) of PHEVs focus on the improvement of fuel efficiency based on hot engine characteristics neglecting the effect of temperature on the engine performance and the vehicle power demand. This paper presents a new EMS incorporating an engine thermal management method which derives the global optimal battery charge depletion trajectories. A dynamic programming-based algorithm is developed to enforce the charge depletion boundaries, while optimizing a fuel consumption cost function by controlling the engine power. The optimal control problem formulates the cost function based on two state variables: battery charge and engine internal temperature. Simulation results demonstrate that temperature and the cabin heater/air-conditioner power demand can significantly influence the optimal solution for the EMS, and accordingly fuel efficiency and emissions of PHEVs.

Cost Analysis of Utilizing Electric Vehicles and Photovoltaic Solar Energy in the United States Marine Corps Commercial Vehicle Fleet

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-12-01

vehicles so do some electric vehicle braking systems (MIT, 2008). e. Brakes Regenerative braking on electric vehicles recoups some of the energy lost...engine is required to replace the energy lost by braking . Regenerative braking takes some of the lost energy during braking and turns it into...Motors and Tesla Motors offer regenerative breaking in their respective electric vehicles. Tesla explains regenerative braking as “engine braking

Stirling engines for hybrid electric vehicle applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ernst, William D.

Laboratory and vehicle chassis dynamometer test data based on natural gas fuel are presented for kinematic Stirling engine emissions levels over a range of air/fuel ratios and exhaust gas recirculation levels. It is concluded that the natural-gas-fired Stirling engine is capable of producing exhaust pipe emissions levels significantly below those of other engines. The projected emissions levels are found to be compliant with the 1995 California Air Resources Board Mobile Source Emission Standards for ultra-low-emissions vehicles.

An Example for Integrated Gas Turbine Engine Testing and Analysis Using Modeling and Simulation

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-12-01

USAF Academy in a joint test and analysis effort of the F109 turbofan engine. This process uses a swirl investigation as a vehicle to exercise and...test and analysis effort of the F109 turbofan engine. This process uses a swirl investigation as a vehicle to exercise and demonstrate the approach...test and analysis effort of the F109 turbofan engine, an effort which uses a swirl investigation as a vehicle to exercise and demonstrate the

40 CFR 86.1605 - Information to be submitted.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES (CONTINUED) Regulations for Altitude Performance Adjustments for New and In-Use Motor Vehicles and Engines § 86.1605 Information to be..., car line, model year, engine displacement, engine family, and exhaust emission control systems...

40 CFR 86.1605 - Information to be submitted.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES (CONTINUED) Regulations for Altitude Performance Adjustments for New and In-Use Motor Vehicles and Engines § 86.1605 Information to be..., car line, model year, engine displacement, engine family, and exhaust emission control systems...

40 CFR 86.1605 - Information to be submitted.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES (CONTINUED) Regulations for Altitude Performance Adjustments for New and In-Use Motor Vehicles and Engines § 86.1605 Information to be..., car line, model year, engine displacement, engine family, and exhaust emission control systems...

40 CFR 86.1605 - Information to be submitted.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES Regulations for Altitude Performance Adjustments for New and In-Use Motor Vehicles and Engines § 86.1605 Information to be submitted... line, model year, engine displacement, engine family, and exhaust emission control systems...

40 CFR 86.1605 - Information to be submitted.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES (CONTINUED) Regulations for Altitude Performance Adjustments for New and In-Use Motor Vehicles and Engines § 86.1605 Information to be..., car line, model year, engine displacement, engine family, and exhaust emission control systems...

Space Launch Initiative (SLI) Engine Test

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) in Huntsville, Alabama, has begun a series of engine tests on the Reaction Control Engine developed by TRW Space and Electronics for NASA's Space Launch Initiative (SLI). SLI is a technology development effort aimed at improving the safety, reliability, and cost effectiveness of space travel for reusable launch vehicles. The engine in this photo, the first engine tested at MSFC that includes SLI technology, was tested for two seconds at a chamber pressure of 185 pounds per square inch absolute (psia). Propellants used were liquid oxygen as an oxidizer and liquid hydrogen as fuel. Designed to maneuver vehicles in orbit, the engine is used as an auxiliary propulsion system for docking, reentry, fine-pointing, and orbit transfer while the vehicle is in orbit. The Reaction Control Engine has two unique features. It uses nontoxic chemicals as propellants, which creates a safer environment with less maintenance and quicker turnaround time between missions, and it operates in dual thrust modes, combining two engine functions into one engine. The engine operates at both 25 and 1,000 pounds of force, reducing overall propulsion weight and allowing vehicles to easily maneuver in space. The force of low level thrust allows the vehicle to fine-point maneuver and dock, while the force of the high level thrust is used for reentry, orbital transfer, and course positioning.

A Collaborative Analysis Tool for Integrated Hypersonic Aerodynamics, Thermal Protection Systems, and RBCC Engine Performance for Single Stage to Orbit Vehicles

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stanley, Thomas Troy; Alexander, Reginald; Landrum, Brian

2000-01-01

Presented is a computer-based tool that connects several disciplines that are needed in the complex and integrated design of high performance reusable single stage to orbit (SSTO) vehicles. Every system is linked to every other system, as is the case of SSTO vehicles with air breathing propulsion, which is currently being studied by NASA. An RBCC propulsion system integrates airbreathing and rocket propulsion into a single engine assembly enclosed within a cowl or duct. A typical RBCC propulsion system operates as a ducted rocket up to approximately Mach 3. Then there is a transition to a ramjet mode for supersonic-to-hypersonic acceleration. Around Mach 8 the engine transitions to a scramjet mode. During the ramjet and scramjet modes, the integral rockets operate as fuel injectors. Around Mach 10-12 (the actual value depends on vehicle and mission requirements), the inlet is physically closed and the engine transitions to an integral rocket mode for orbit insertion. A common feature of RBCC propelled vehicles is the high degree of integration between the propulsion system and airframe. At high speeds the vehicle forebody is fundamentally part of the engine inlet, providing a compression surface for air flowing into the engine. The compressed air is mixed with fuel and burned. The combusted mixture must be expanded to an area larger than the incoming stream to provide thrust. Since a conventional nozzle would be too large, the entire lower after body of the vehicle is used as an expansion surface. Because of the high external temperatures seen during atmospheric flight, the design of an airbreathing SSTO vehicle requires delicate tradeoffs between engine design, vehicle shape, and thermal protection system (TPS) sizing in order to produce an optimum system in terms of weight (and cost) and maximum performance. To adequately determine the performance of the engine/vehicle, the Hypersonic Flight Inlet Model (HYFIM) module was designed to interface with the RBCC engine model. HYFIM performs the aerodynamic analysis of forebodies and inlet characteristics of RBCC powered SSTO launch vehicles. HYFIM is applicable to the analysis of the ramjet/scramjet engine operations modes (Mach 3-12), and provides estimates of parameters such as air capture area, shock-on-lip Mach number, design Mach number, compression ratio, etc., based on a basic geometry routine for modeling axisymmetric cones, 2-D wedge geometries. HYFIM also estimates the variation of shock layer properties normal to the forebody surface. The thermal protection system (TPS) is directly linked to determination of the vehicle moldline and the shaping of the trajectory. Thermal protection systems to maintain the structural integrity of the vehicle must be able to mitigate the heat transfer to the structure and be lightweight. Herein lies the interdependency, in that as the vehicle's speed increases, the TPS requirements are increased. And as TPS masses increase the effect on the propulsion system and all other systems is compounded. The need to analyze vehicle forebody and engine inlet is critical to be able to design the RBCC vehicle. To adequately determine insulation masses for an RBCC vehicle, the hypersonic aerodynamic environment and aeroheating loads must be calculated and the TPS thicknesses must be calculated for the entire vehicle. To accomplish this an ascent or reentry trajectory is obtained using the computer code Program to Optimize Simulated Trajectories (POST). The trajectory is then used to calculate the convective heat rates on several locations on the vehicles using the Miniature Version of the JA70 Aerodynamic Heating Computer Program (MINIVER). Once the heat rates are defined for each body point on the vehicle, then insulation thicknesses that are required to maintain the vehicle within structural limits are calculated using Systems Improved Numerical Differencing Analyzer (SINDA) models. If the TPS masses are too heavy for the performance of the vehicle the process may be repeated altering the trajectory or some other input to reduce the TPS mass. E-PSURBCC is an "engine performance" model and requires the specification of inlet air static temperature and pressure as well as Mach number (which it pulls from the HYFIM and POST trajectory files), and calculates the corresponding stagnation properties. The engine air flow path geometry includes inlet, a constant area section where the rocket is positioned, a subsonic diffuser, a constant area afterburner, and either a converging nozzle or a converging-diverging nozzle. The current capabilities of E-PSURBCC ejector and ramjet mode treatment indicated that various complex flow phenomena including multiple choking and internal shocks can occur for combinations of geometry/flow conditions. For a given input deck defining geometry/flow conditions, the program first goes through a series of checks to establish whether the input parameters are sound in terms of a solution path. If the vehicle/engine performance fails mission goals, the engineer is able to collaboratively alter the vehicle moldline to change aerodynamics, or trajectory, or some other input to achieve orbit. The problem described is an example of the need for collaborative design and analysis. RECIPE is a cross-platform application capable of hosting a number of engineers and designers across the Internet for distributed and collaborative engineering environments. Such integrated system design environments allow for collaborative team design analysis for performing individual or reduced team studies. To facilitate the larger number of potential runs that may need to be made, RECIPE connects the computer codes that calculate the trajectory data, aerodynamic data based on vehicle geometry, heat rate data, TPS masses, and vehicle and engine performance, so that the output from each tool is easily transferred to the model input files that need it.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dowdy, M.W.; Couch, M.D.

A vehicle comparison methodology based on the Otto-Engine Equivalent (OEE) vehicle concept is described. As an illustration of this methodology, the concept is used to make projections of the fuel economy potential of passenger cars using various alternative power systems. Sensitivities of OEE vehicle results to assumptions made in the calculational procedure are discussed. Factors considered include engine torque boundary, rear axle ratio, performance criteria, engine transient response, and transmission shift logic.

40 CFR 86.098-10 - Emission standards for 1998 and later model year Otto-cycle heavy-duty engines and vehicles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... model year Otto-cycle heavy-duty engines and vehicles. 86.098-10 Section 86.098-10 Protection of... Heavy-Duty Vehicles § 86.098-10 Emission standards for 1998 and later model year Otto-cycle heavy-duty..., exhaust emissions from new 1998 and later model year Otto-cycle heavy-duty engines shall not exceed: (i...

The Case for Distributed Engine Control in Turbo-Shaft Engine Systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Culley, Dennis E.; Paluszewski, Paul J.; Storey, William; Smith, Bert J.

2009-01-01

The turbo-shaft engine is an important propulsion system used to power vehicles on land, sea, and in the air. As the power plant for many high performance helicopters, the characteristics of the engine and control are critical to proper vehicle operation as well as being the main determinant to overall vehicle performance. When applied to vertical flight, important distinctions exist in the turbo-shaft engine control system due to the high degree of dynamic coupling between the engine and airframe and the affect on vehicle handling characteristics. In this study, the impact of engine control system architecture is explored relative to engine performance, weight, reliability, safety, and overall cost. Comparison of the impact of architecture on these metrics is investigated as the control system is modified from a legacy centralized structure to a more distributed configuration. A composite strawman system which is typical of turbo-shaft engines in the 1000 to 2000 hp class is described and used for comparison. The overall benefits of these changes to control system architecture are assessed. The availability of supporting technologies to achieve this evolution is also discussed.

Technical Capabilities of the National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory (NVFEL)

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory (NVFEL) is a state-of-the-art test facility that conducts a wide range of emissions testing and analysis for EPA’s motor vehicle, heavy-duty engine, and nonroad engine programs.

The near-term hybrid vehicle program, phase 1

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1979-01-01

Performance specifications were determined for a hybrid vehicle designed to achieve the greatest reduction in fuel consumption. Based on the results of systems level studies, a baseline vehicle was constructed with the following basic paramaters: a heat engine power peak of 53 kW (VW gasoline engine); a traction motor power peak of 30 kW (Siemens 1GV1, separately excited); a heat engine fraction of 0.64; a vehicle curb weight of 2080 kg; a lead acid battery (35 kg weight); and a battery weight fraction of 0.17. The heat engine and the traction motor are coupled together with their combined output driving a 3 speed automatic transmission with lockup torque converter. The heat engine is equipped withe a clutch which allows it to be decoupled from the system.

40 CFR 80.522 - May used motor oil be dispensed into diesel motor vehicles or nonroad diesel engines?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... diesel motor vehicles or nonroad diesel engines? 80.522 Section 80.522 Protection of Environment... Motor Vehicle Diesel Fuel; Nonroad, Locomotive, and Marine Diesel Fuel; and ECA Marine Fuel Motor Vehicle Diesel Fuel Standards and Requirements § 80.522 May used motor oil be dispensed into diesel motor...

40 CFR 80.522 - May used motor oil be dispensed into diesel motor vehicles or nonroad diesel engines?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... diesel motor vehicles or nonroad diesel engines? 80.522 Section 80.522 Protection of Environment... Motor Vehicle Diesel Fuel; Nonroad, Locomotive, and Marine Diesel Fuel; and ECA Marine Fuel Motor Vehicle Diesel Fuel Standards and Requirements § 80.522 May used motor oil be dispensed into diesel motor...

75 FR 43975 - California State Motor Vehicle and Nonroad Engine Pollution Control Standards; Truck Idling...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-27

... Truck Idling Requirements apply to new California certified 2008 and subsequent model year heavy-duty diesel engines in heavy-duty diesel vehicles with a gross vehicle weight rating over 14,000 pounds, and... weight rating (GVWR) greater than 14,000 pounds (i.e., heavy-duty diesel vehicles or ``HDDV''s) be...

77 FR 73459 - California State Motor Vehicle Pollution Control Standards; Notice of Waiver of Clean Air Act...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-10

... Standards; Notice of Waiver of Clean Air Act Preemption; California's 2010 Model Year Heavy-Duty Vehicle and... its amendments to California's heavy-duty vehicle and engine on-board diagnostic (HD OBD) requirements... California's requirements in order to produce heavy-duty vehicles and engines for sale in California. For...

Orbit Transfer Vehicle (OTV) engine, phase A study. Volume 2: Study

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mellish, J. A.

1979-01-01

The hydrogen oxygen engine used in the orbiter transfer vehicle is described. The engine design is analyzed and minimum engine performance and man rating requirements are discussed. Reliability and safety analysis test results are presented and payload, risk and cost, and engine installation parameters are defined. Engine tests were performed including performance analysis, structural analysis, thermal analysis, turbomachinery analysis, controls analysis, and cycle analysis.

40 CFR 86.236-94 - Engine starting and restarting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 18 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Engine starting and restarting. 86.236... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES Emission... New Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles; Cold Temperature Test Procedures § 86.236-94 Engine starting and...

40 CFR 86.1236-85 - Engine starting and restarting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 19 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Engine starting and restarting. 86... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES (CONTINUED...-Fueled and Methanol-Fueled Heavy-Duty Vehicles § 86.1236-85 Engine starting and restarting. (a) Starting...

40 CFR 86.536-78 - Engine starting and restarting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES Emission... initial 20 second idle period shall begin when the engine starts. (2) Choke operation. (i) Vehicles... transmission shall be placed in gear 15 seconds after the engine is started. If necessary, braking may be...

40 CFR 86.420-78 - Engine families.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES Emission Regulations for 1978 and Later New Motorcycles, General Provisions § 86.420-78 Engine families. (a) The vehicles covered in the..., reciprocating engines must be identical in all of the following applicable respects: (1) The combustion cycle...

40 CFR 86.136-90 - Engine starting and restarting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 19 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Engine starting and restarting. 86.136... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES Emission... Complete Heavy-Duty Vehicles; Test Procedures § 86.136-90 Engine starting and restarting. (a) Otto-cycle...

40 CFR 86.236-94 - Engine starting and restarting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 19 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Engine starting and restarting. 86.236... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES Emission... New Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles; Cold Temperature Test Procedures § 86.236-94 Engine starting and...

40 CFR 86.136-90 - Engine starting and restarting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 19 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Engine starting and restarting. 86.136... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES Emission... Complete Heavy-Duty Vehicles; Test Procedures § 86.136-90 Engine starting and restarting. (a) Otto-cycle...

40 CFR 86.136-90 - Engine starting and restarting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 18 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Engine starting and restarting. 86.136... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES Emission... Complete Heavy-Duty Vehicles; Test Procedures § 86.136-90 Engine starting and restarting. (a) Otto-cycle...

40 CFR 86.1236-85 - Engine starting and restarting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 19 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Engine starting and restarting. 86... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES (CONTINUED...-Fueled and Methanol-Fueled Heavy-Duty Vehicles § 86.1236-85 Engine starting and restarting. (a) Starting...

40 CFR 86.136-90 - Engine starting and restarting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 19 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Engine starting and restarting. 86.136... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES Emission... Complete Heavy-Duty Vehicles; Test Procedures § 86.136-90 Engine starting and restarting. (a) Otto-cycle...

40 CFR 86.236-94 - Engine starting and restarting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 18 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Engine starting and restarting. 86.236... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES Emission... New Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles; Cold Temperature Test Procedures § 86.236-94 Engine starting and...

40 CFR 86.1236-85 - Engine starting and restarting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Engine starting and restarting. 86... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES (CONTINUED...-Fueled and Methanol-Fueled Heavy-Duty Vehicles § 86.1236-85 Engine starting and restarting. (a) Starting...

40 CFR 86.236-94 - Engine starting and restarting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 19 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Engine starting and restarting. 86.236... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES Emission... New Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles; Cold Temperature Test Procedures § 86.236-94 Engine starting and...

40 CFR 86.1236-85 - Engine starting and restarting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Engine starting and restarting. 86... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES (CONTINUED...-Fueled and Methanol-Fueled Heavy-Duty Vehicles § 86.1236-85 Engine starting and restarting. (a) Starting...

Process for Generating Engine Fuel Consumption Map: Ricardo Cooled EGR Boost 24-bar Standard Car Engine Tier 2 Fuel

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This document summarizes the process followed to utilize the fuel consumption map of a Ricardo modeled engine and vehicle fuel consumption data to generate a full engine fuel consumption map which can be used by EPA's ALPHA vehicle simulations.

Flight Testing the Linear Aerospike SR-71 Experiment (LASRE)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Corda, Stephen; Neal, Bradford A.; Moes, Timothy R.; Cox, Timothy H.; Monaghan, Richard C.; Voelker, Leonard S.; Corpening, Griffin P.; Larson, Richard R.; Powers, Bruce G.

1998-01-01

The design of the next generation of space access vehicles has led to a unique flight test that blends the space and flight research worlds. The new space vehicle designs, such as the X-33 vehicle and Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV), are powered by linear aerospike rocket engines. Conceived of in the 1960's, these aerospike engines have yet to be flown, and many questions remain regarding aerospike engine performance and efficiency in flight. To provide some of these data before flying on the X-33 vehicle and the RLV, a spacecraft rocket engine has been flight-tested atop the NASA SR-71 aircraft as the Linear Aerospike SR-71 Experiment (LASRE). A 20 percent-scale, semispan model of the X-33 vehicle, the aerospike engine, and all the required fuel and oxidizer tanks and propellant feed systems have been mounted atop the SR-71 airplane for this experiment. A major technical objective of the LASRE flight test is to obtain installed-engine performance flight data for comparison to wind-tunnel results and for the development of computational fluid dynamics-based design methodologies. The ultimate goal of firing the aerospike rocket engine in flight is still forthcoming. An extensive design and development phase of the experiment hardware has been completed, including approximately 40 ground tests. Five flights of the LASRE and firing the rocket engine using inert liquid nitrogen and helium in place of liquid oxygen and hydrogen have been successfully completed.

The 1991 natural gas vehicle challenge: Developing dedicated natural gas vehicle technology

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Larsen, R.; Rimkus, W.; Davies, J.

An engineering research and design competition to develop and demonstrate dedicated natural gas-powered light-duty trucks, the Natural Gas Vehicle (NGV) Challenge, was held June 6--11, 1191, in Oklahoma. Sponsored by the US Department of Energy (DOE), Energy, Mines, and Resources -- Canada (EMR), the Society of Automative Engineers (SAE), and General Motors Corporation (GM), the competition consisted of rigorous vehicle testing of exhaust emissions, fuel economy, performance parameters, and vehicle design. Using Sierra 2500 pickup trucks donated by GM, 24 teams of college and university engineers from the US and Canada participated in the event. A gasoline-powered control testing asmore » a reference vehicle. This paper discusses the results of the event, summarizes the technologies employed, and makes observations on the state of natural gas vehicle technology.« less

The 1991 natural gas vehicle challenge: Developing dedicated natural gas vehicle technology

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Larsen, R.; Rimkus, W.; Davies, J.

1992-01-01

An engineering research and design competition to develop and demonstrate dedicated natural gas-powered light-duty trucks, the Natural Gas Vehicle (NGV) Challenge, was held June 6--11, 1191, in Oklahoma. Sponsored by the US Department of Energy (DOE), Energy, Mines, and Resources -- Canada (EMR), the Society of Automative Engineers (SAE), and General Motors Corporation (GM), the competition consisted of rigorous vehicle testing of exhaust emissions, fuel economy, performance parameters, and vehicle design. Using Sierra 2500 pickup trucks donated by GM, 24 teams of college and university engineers from the US and Canada participated in the event. A gasoline-powered control testing asmore » a reference vehicle. This paper discusses the results of the event, summarizes the technologies employed, and makes observations on the state of natural gas vehicle technology.« less

Decision Models for Conducting an Economic Analysis of Alternative Fuels for the Ice Engine.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-03-01

p.cduc.d ICE vehicles. This analysis focusqs on electric vehicles d=.signed for commercial use. Electric hybrid vehicles which combine electric...ccntain -:he minimum gross veicle weight, engine size, and other characterist-ca of vehicles generally procured by the Federal governmen. The ir...Electric and Hybrid Vehicles, Energy Technology Review Nc. 44 published by Noyes Data Corpora’-ion. It summarizes data cn characteristics, cost, maints

40 CFR 1051.315 - How do I know when my engine family fails the production-line testing requirements?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 32 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false How do I know when my engine family... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR POLLUTION CONTROLS CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM RECREATIONAL ENGINES AND VEHICLES Testing Production-Line Vehicles and Engines § 1051.315 How do I know when my engine...

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dowdy, M.; Burke, A.; Schneider, H.

Fuel economy, exhaust emissions, multifuel capability, advanced materials and cost/manufacturability for both conventional and advanced alternative power systems were assessed. To insure valid comparisons of vehicles with alternative power systems, the concept of an Otto-Engine-Equivalent (OEE) vehicle was utilized. Each engine type was sized to provide equivalent vehicle performance. Sensitivity to different performance criteria was evaluated. Fuel economy projections are made for each engine type considering both the legislated emission standards and possible future emissions requirements.

Orbit transfer rocket engine technology program: Advanced engine study

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Erickson, C. M.

1992-01-01

In Task D.6 of the Advanced Engine Study, three primary subtasks were accomplished: (1) design of parametric data; (2) engine requirement variation studies; and (3) vehicle study/engine study coordination. Parametric data were generated for vacuum thrusts ranging from 7500 lbf to 50,000 lbf, nozzle expansion ratios from 600 to 1200, and engine mixture ratios from 5:1 to 7:1. Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) was used as a departure point for these parametric analyses. These data are intended to assist in definition and trade studies. In the Engine Requirements Variation Studies, the individual effects of increasing the throttling ratio from 10:1 to 20:1 and requiring the engine to operate at a maximum mixture ratio of 12:1 were determined. Off design engine balances were generated at these extreme conditions and individual component operating requirements analyzed in detail. Potential problems were identified and possible solutions generated. In the Vehicle Study/Engine Study coordination subtask, vehicle contractor support was provided as needed, addressing a variety of issues uncovered during vehicle trade studies. This support was primarily provided during Technical Interchange Meetings (TIM) in which Space Exploration Initiative (SEI) studies were addressed.

Assessing the Climate Trade-Offs of Gasoline Direct Injection Engines.

PubMed

Zimmerman, Naomi; Wang, Jonathan M; Jeong, Cheol-Heon; Wallace, James S; Evans, Greg J

2016-08-02

Compared to port fuel injection (PFI) engine exhaust, gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine exhaust has higher emissions of black carbon (BC), a climate-warming pollutant. However, the relative increase in BC emissions and climate trade-offs of replacing PFI vehicles with more fuel efficient GDI vehicles remain uncertain. In this study, BC emissions from GDI and PFI vehicles were compiled and BC emissions scenarios were developed to evaluate the climate impact of GDI vehicles using global warming potential (GWP) and global temperature potential (GTP) metrics. From a 20 year time horizon GWP analysis, average fuel economy improvements ranging from 0.14 to 14% with GDI vehicles are required to offset BC-induced warming. For all but the lowest BC scenario, installing a gasoline particulate filter with an 80% BC removal efficiency and <1% fuel penalty is climate beneficial. From the GTP-based analysis, it was also determined that GDI vehicles are climate beneficial within <1-20 years; longer time horizons were associated with higher BC scenarios. The GDI BC emissions spanned 2 orders of magnitude and varied by ambient temperature, engine operation, and fuel composition. More work is needed to understand BC formation mechanisms in GDI engines to ensure that the climate impacts of this engine technology are minimal.

49 CFR 534.4 - Successors and predecessors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... manufacturer during a model year, all of the vehicles or engines produced by those manufacturers during the...)(1) For passenger automobiles and light trucks, fuel economy credits earned by a predecessor before...-duty vehicles and heavy-duty vehicle engines, available fuel consumption credits earned by a...

A Collaborative Analysis Tool for Integrating Hypersonic Aerodynamics, Thermal Protection Systems, and RBCC Engine Performance for Single Stage to Orbit Vehicles

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stanley, Thomas Troy; Alexander, Reginald

1999-01-01

Presented is a computer-based tool that connects several disciplines that are needed in the complex and integrated design of high performance reusable single stage to orbit (SSTO) vehicles. Every system is linked to every other system, as is the case of SSTO vehicles with air breathing propulsion, which is currently being studied by NASA. The deficiencies in the scramjet powered concept led to a revival of interest in Rocket-Based Combined-Cycle (RBCC) propulsion systems. An RBCC propulsion system integrates airbreathing and rocket propulsion into a single engine assembly enclosed within a cowl or duct. A typical RBCC propulsion system operates as a ducted rocket up to approximately Mach 3. At this point the transitions to a ramjet mode for supersonic-to-hypersonic acceleration. Around Mach 8 the engine transitions to a scram4jet mode. During the ramjet and scramjet modes, the integral rockets operate as fuel injectors. Around Mach 10-12 (the actual value depends on vehicle and mission requirements), the inlet is physically closed and the engine transitions to an integral rocket mode for orbit insertion. A common feature of RBCC propelled vehicles is the high degree of integration between the propulsion system and airframe. At high speeds the vehicle forebody is fundamentally part of the engine inlet, providing a compression surface for air flowing into the engine. The compressed air is mixed with fuel and burned. The combusted mixture must be expanded to an area larger than the incoming stream to provide thrust. Since a conventional nozzle would be too large, the entire lower after body of the vehicle is used as an expansion surface. Because of the high external temperatures seen during atmospheric flight, the design of an airbreathing SSTO vehicle requires delicate tradeoffs between engine design, vehicle shape, and thermal protection system (TPS) sizing in order to produce an optimum system in terms of weight (and cost) and maximum performance.

Engineering America's Future in Space: Systems Engineering Innovations for Sustainable Exploration

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dumbacher, Daniel L.; Caruso, Pamela W.; Jones, Carl P.

2008-01-01

This viewgraph presentation reviews systems engineering innovations for Ares I and Ares V launch vehicles. The contents include: 1) NASA's Exploratoin Roadmap; 2) Launch Vehicle Comparisons; 3) Designing the Ares I and Ares V in House; 4) Exploring the Moon; and 5) Systems Engineering Adds Value Throughout the Project Lifecycle.

40 CFR 86.1112-87 - Determining the compliance level and reporting of test results.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... ENGINES (CONTINUED) Nonconformance Penalties for Gasoline-Fueled and Diesel Heavy-Duty Engines and Heavy... may establish the compliance level for a pollutant for any engine or vehicle configuration by using... pollutant using the primary PCA sampling plan shall: (i) Conduct emission tests on 24 engines or vehicles in...

40 CFR 86.1112-87 - Determining the compliance level and reporting of test results.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... ENGINES (CONTINUED) Nonconformance Penalties for Gasoline-Fueled and Diesel Heavy-Duty Engines and Heavy... may establish the compliance level for a pollutant for any engine or vehicle configuration by using... pollutant using the primary PCA sampling plan shall: (i) Conduct emission tests on 24 engines or vehicles in...

40 CFR 86.1112-87 - Determining the compliance level and reporting of test results.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... ENGINES (CONTINUED) Nonconformance Penalties for Gasoline-Fueled and Diesel Heavy-Duty Engines and Heavy... may establish the compliance level for a pollutant for any engine or vehicle configuration by using... pollutant using the primary PCA sampling plan shall: (i) Conduct emission tests on 24 engines or vehicles in...

40 CFR 86.1112-87 - Determining the compliance level and reporting of test results.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... number of additional tests conducted shall be the difference between 24 and the number of engines or... ENGINES Nonconformance Penalties for Gasoline-Fueled and Diesel Heavy-Duty Engines and Heavy-Duty Vehicles... compliance level for a pollutant for any engine or vehicle configuration by using the primary PCA sampling...

40 CFR 86.420-78 - Engine families.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 19 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Engine families. 86.420-78 Section 86...) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES Emission Regulations for 1978 and Later New Motorcycles, General Provisions § 86.420-78 Engine families. (a) The vehicles covered in the...

40 CFR 86.420-78 - Engine families.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 19 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Engine families. 86.420-78 Section 86...) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES Emission Regulations for 1978 and Later New Motorcycles, General Provisions § 86.420-78 Engine families. (a) The vehicles covered in the...

40 CFR 86.420-78 - Engine families.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 19 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Engine families. 86.420-78 Section 86...) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES Emission Regulations for 1978 and Later New Motorcycles, General Provisions § 86.420-78 Engine families. (a) The vehicles covered in the...

Passenger Car Spark Ignition Data Base : Volume 1. Executive Summary.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1979-12-01

Test data was obtained from spark ignition production and preproduction engines at the engine and vehicle level. The engines were applicable for vehicles 2000 to 3000 pounds in weight. The data obtained provided trade-offs between fuel economy, power...

Heavy Lift Launch Capability with a New Hydrocarbon Engine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Threet, Grady E., Jr.; Holt, James B.; Philips, Alan D.; Garcia, Jessica A.

2011-01-01

The Advanced Concepts Office at NASA's George C. Marshall Space Flight Center was tasked to define the thrust requirement of a new liquid oxygen rich staged combustion cycle hydrocarbon engine that could be utilized in a launch vehicle to meet NASA s future heavy lift needs. Launch vehicle concepts were sized using this engine for different heavy lift payload classes. Engine out capabilities for one of the heavy lift configurations were also analyzed for increased reliability that may be desired for high value payloads or crewed missions. The applicability for this engine in vehicle concepts to meet military and commercial class payloads comparable to current ELV capability was also evaluated.

40 CFR 86.016-1 - General applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... solar-powered vehicles. Use good engineering judgment to apply these requirements to these vehicles... (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES General Provisions for... the manufacturer satisfies the requirements of § 86.007-23(f). (3) When a manufacturer chooses to use...

40 CFR 86.016-1 - General applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... solar-powered vehicles. Use good engineering judgment to apply these requirements to these vehicles... (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES General Provisions for... the manufacturer satisfies the requirements of § 86.007-23(f). (3) When a manufacturer chooses to use...

78 FR 58153 - Prevailing Rate Systems; North American Industry Classification System Based Federal Wage System...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-23

... engine and engine parts manufacturing,'' ``Motor vehicle electrical and electronic equipment... manufacturing,'' ``Other motor vehicle electrical and electronic equipment manufacturing,'' and ``All other motor vehicle parts manufacturing'' in the second column from the list of required NAICS codes for the...

40 CFR 85.2238 - Test report-EPA 91.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

..., including license plate number, vehicle identification number, weight class, and odometer reading. (2) Date... model year vehicles or engines until December 31, 1993, after which the requirements of this section are... vehicles or engines; in a state where the Administrator has approved a SIP revision providing for...

40 CFR 85.2238 - Test report-EPA 91.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

..., including license plate number, vehicle identification number, weight class, and odometer reading. (2) Date... model year vehicles or engines until December 31, 1993, after which the requirements of this section are... vehicles or engines; in a state where the Administrator has approved a SIP revision providing for...

40 CFR 85.2238 - Test report-EPA 91.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

..., including license plate number, vehicle identification number, weight class, and odometer reading. (2) Date... model year vehicles or engines until December 31, 1993, after which the requirements of this section are... vehicles or engines; in a state where the Administrator has approved a SIP revision providing for...

40 CFR 86.701-94 - General applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... medium duty passenger vehicles. (b) References in this subpart to engine families and emission control... (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES (CONTINUED) General Provisions for In-Use Emission Regulations for 1994 and Later Model Year Light-Duty Vehicles and Light-Duty...

40 CFR 86.1604 - Conditions for disapproval.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Altitude Performance Adjustments for New and In-Use Motor Vehicles and Engines § 86.1604 Conditions for disapproval. (a) The Administrator shall not approve altitude performance adjustments that will: (1) Cause any... engines, cause any reduction of vehicle performance (as evaluated by the manufacturer) such that vehicle...

ATLANTA COMMUTE VEHICLE SOAK AND START DISTRIBUTIONS AND ENGINE STARTS PER DAY: IMPACT ON MOBILE SOURCE EMISSION RATES

EPA Science Inventory

Georgia Institute of Technology School of Civil and Environmental Engineering researchers analyzed the 2004 vehicle activity data obtained from vehicles in the Atlanta Commuter Choice Value Pricing Initiative. The onboard monitoring equipment installed in each participating vehi...

5. FLAME DEFLECTOR, COMPLETE X15 VEHICLE TEST STAND. Looking east. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

5. FLAME DEFLECTOR, COMPLETE X-15 VEHICLE TEST STAND. Looking east. - Edwards Air Force Base, X-15 Engine Test Complex, Rocket Engine & Complete X-15 Vehicle Test Stands, Rogers Dry Lake, east of runway between North Base & South Base, Boron, Kern County, CA

40 CFR 86.1830-01 - Acceptance of vehicles for emission testing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... good engineering judgment. (3) Test vehicles must have air conditioning installed and operational if... whole-vehicle cycle, all emission-related hardware and software must be installed and operational during.... Manufacturers shall use good engineering judgment in making such determinations. (c) Special provisions for...

40 CFR 86.1830-01 - Acceptance of vehicles for emission testing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... good engineering judgment. (3) Test vehicles must have air conditioning installed and operational if... whole-vehicle cycle, all emission-related hardware and software must be installed and operational during.... Manufacturers shall use good engineering judgment in making such determinations. (c) Special provisions for...

40 CFR 86.1830-01 - Acceptance of vehicles for emission testing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... good engineering judgment. (3) Test vehicles must have air conditioning installed and operational if... whole-vehicle cycle, all emission-related hardware and software must be installed and operational during.... Manufacturers shall use good engineering judgment in making such determinations. (c) Special provisions for...

78 FR 56171 - Heavy-Duty Engine and Vehicle and Nonroad Technical Amendments

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-12

...-0152; FRL 9900-11-OAR] RIN 2060-AR48; 2127-AL31 Heavy-Duty Engine and Vehicle and Nonroad Technical... emission standards for CO2, CH4, and N2O for heavy-duty vehicles at or below 14,000 pounds GVWR [Corrected...

40 CFR 80.140 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...-refinery component. Automated detergent blending facility means any facility (including, but not limited to... through the fuel injector(s). Gasoline means any fuel for use in motor vehicles and motor vehicle engines, including both highway and off-highway vehicles and engines, and commonly or commercially known or sold as...

Liquid Rocket Booster (LRB) for the Space Transportation System (STS) systems study, volume 2, addendum 2

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1991-01-01

The feasibility of developing and producing a launch vehicle from an external tank (ET) and an engine module that mounts inline to the tankage at the aft end and contains six space transportation main engines (STME), was assessed. The primary mission of this launch vehicle would be to place a PLS (personnel launch vehicle) into a low earth orbit (LEO). The vehicle tankage and the assembly of the engine module, was evaluated to determine what, if any, manufacturing/production impacts would be incurred if this vehicle were built along side the current ET at Michoud Assembly Facility. It was determined that there would be no significant impacts to produce seven of these vehicles per year while concurrently producing 12 ETs per year. Preliminary estimates of both nonrecurring and recurring costs for this vehicle concept were made.

Laser vibrometry exploitation for vehicle identification

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nolan, Adam; Lingg, Andrew; Goley, Steve; Sigmund, Kevin; Kangas, Scott

2014-06-01

Vibration signatures sensed from distant vehicles using laser vibrometry systems provide valuable information that may be used to help identify key vehicle features such as engine type, engine speed, and number of cylinders. Through the use of physics models of the vibration phenomenology, features are chosen to support classification algorithms. Various individual exploitation algorithms were developed using these models to classify vibration signatures into engine type (piston vs. turbine), engine configuration (Inline 4 vs. Inline 6 vs. V6 vs. V8 vs. V12) and vehicle type. The results of these algorithms will be presented for an 8 class problem. Finally, the benefits of using a factor graph representation to link these independent algorithms together will be presented which constructs a classification hierarchy for the vibration exploitation problem.

Saturn Apollo Program

NASA Image and Video Library

1966-01-01

Engineers and technicians at the Marshall Space Flight Center placed a Saturn V ground test booster (S-IC-D) into the dynamic test stand. The stand was constructed to test the integrity of the vehicle. Forces were applied to the tail of the vehicle to simulate the engines thrusting, and various other flight factors were fed to the vehicle to test reactions. The Saturn V launch vehicle, with the Apollo spacecraft, was subjected to more than 450 hours of shaking. The photograph shows the 300,000 pound S-IC stage being lifted from its transporter into place inside the 360-foot tall test stand. This dynamic test booster has one dummy F-1 engine and weight simulators are used at the other four engine positions.

40 CFR 86.090-2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) Light heavy-duty diesel engines usually are non-sleeved and not designed for rebuild; their rated... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF... any motor vehicle (or motor vehicle engine) engineered and designed to be operated using a single fuel...

40 CFR 86.090-2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) Light heavy-duty diesel engines usually are non-sleeved and not designed for rebuild; their rated... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF... any motor vehicle (or motor vehicle engine) engineered and designed to be operated using a single fuel...

Passenger Car Spark Ignition Data Base : Volume 2. Discussion and Results.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1979-12-01

Test data was obtained from spark ignition production and preproduction engines at the engine and vehicle level. The engines were applicable for vehicles 2000 to 3000 pounds in weight. The data obtained provided trade-offs between fuel economy, power...

Passenger Car Spark Ignition Data Base : Volume 3. Miscellaneous Data. Part 1.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1979-12-01

Test data was obtained from spark ignition production and preproduction engines at the engine and vehicle level. The engines were applicable for vehicles 2000 to 3000 pounds in weight. The data obtained provided trade-offs between fuel economy, power...

Passenger Car Spark Ignition Data Base : Volume 3. Miscellaneous Data. Part 2.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1979-12-01

Test data was obtained from spark ignition production and preproduction engines at the engine and vehicle level. The engines were applicable for vehicles 2000 to 3000 pounds in weight. The data obtained provided trade-offs between fuel economy, power...

40 CFR 86.1829-01 - Durability and emission testing requirements; waivers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... manufacturer's engineering evaluation of appropriate high-altitude emission testing, all light-duty vehicles..., development tests, or other appropriate information and good engineering judgment. (2) Evaporative/Refueling... manufacturer's engineering evaluation of appropriate testing and/or design parameters, all light-duty vehicles...

Downsizing assessment of automotive Stirling engines

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Knoll, R. H.; Tew, R. C., Jr.; Klann, J. L.

1983-01-01

A 67 kW (90 hp) Stirling engine design, sized for use in a 1984 1440 kg (3170 lb) automobile was the focal point for developing automotive Stirling engine technology. Since recent trends are towards lighter vehicles, an assessment was made of the applicability of the Stirling technology being developed for smaller, lower power engines. Using both the Philips scaling laws and a Lewis Research Center (Lewis) Stirling engine performance code, dimensional and performance characteristics were determined for a 26 kW (35 hp) and a 37 kW (50 hp) engine for use in a nominal 907 kg (2000 lb) vehicle. Key engine elements were sized and stressed and mechanical layouts were made to ensure mechanical fit and integrity of the engines. Fuel economy estimates indicated that the Stirling engine would maintain a 30 to 45 percent fuel economy advantage comparable spark ignition and diesel powered vehicles in the 1984 period.

Delta Clipper vehicle design for supportability

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Smiljanic, Ray R.; Klevatt, Paul L.; Steinmeyer, Donald A.

1993-02-01

The paper describes the Single Stage Rocket Technology (SSRT) Delta Clipper vehicle design. As a means of reducing vehicle processing and turnaround times, the SSRT Delta Clipper design, contrary to past practices, incorporates support ability engineering features into its initial set of design requirements. The engineering process used to 'design-in' supportability into the Delta Clipper vehicle is described in detail and is illustrated using diagrams.

40 CFR 86.099-10 - Emission standards for 1999 and later model year Otto-cycle heavy-duty engines and vehicles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... model year Otto-cycle heavy-duty engines and vehicles. 86.099-10 Section 86.099-10 Protection of... Heavy-Duty Vehicles § 86.099-10 Emission standards for 1999 and later model year Otto-cycle heavy-duty...-cycle medium-duty passenger vehicles (MDPVs) that are subject to regulation under subpart S of this part...

Alternative Fuels Data Center: How Do Bi-fuel Natural Gas Vehicles Work?

Science.gov Websites

AddThis.com... How Do Bi-fuel Natural Gas Vehicles Work? A bi-fuel natural gas vehicle can use either gasoline or natural gas in the same internal combustion engine. Both fuels are stored on board and the driver Components of a Bi-fuel Natural Gas Vehicle Battery: The battery provides electricity to start the engine and

Orbit Transfer Vehicle (OTV) engine phase A study

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mellish, J. A.

1978-01-01

Requirements for the orbit transfer vehicle engine were examined. Engine performance/weight sensitivities, the effect of a service life of 300 start/shutdown cycles between overalls on the maximum engine operating pressure, and the sensitivity of the engine design point (i.e., thrust chamber pressure and nozzle area ratio) to the performance requirements specified are among the factors studied. Preliminary engine systems analyses were conducted on the stage combustion, expander, and gas generator engine cycles. Hydrogen and oxygen pump discharge pressure requirements are shown for various engine cycles. Performance of the engine cycles is compared.

Carbon isotopic characterization of formaldehyde emitted by vehicles in Guangzhou, China

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hu, Ping; Wen, Sheng; Liu, Yonglin; Bi, Xinhui; Chan, Lo Yin; Feng, Jialiang; Wang, Xinming; Sheng, Guoying; Fu, Jiamo

2014-04-01

Formaldehyde (HCHO) is the most abundant carbonyl compound in the atmosphere, and vehicle exhaust emission is one of its important anthropogenic sources. However, there is still uncertainty regarding HCHO flux from vehicle emission as well as from other sources. Herein, automobile source was characterized using HCHO carbon isotopic ratio to assess its contributions to atmospheric flux and demonstrate the complex production/consumption processes during combustion in engine cylinder and subsequent catalytic treatment of exhaust. Vehicle exhausts were sampled under different idling states and HCHO carbon isotopic ratios were measured by gas chromatograph-combustion-isotopic ratio mass spectrometry (GC-C-IRMS). The HCHO directly emitted from stand-alone engines (gasoline and diesel) running at different load was also sampled and measured. The HCHO carbon isotopic ratios were from -30.8 to -25.7‰ for gasoline engine, and from -26.2 to -20.7‰ for diesel engine, respectively. For diesel vehicle without catalytic converter, the HCHO carbon isotopic ratios were -22.1 ± 2.1‰, and for gasoline vehicle with catalytic converter, the ratios were -21.4 ± 0.7‰. Most of the HCHO carbon isotopic ratios were heavier than the fuel isotopic ratios (from -29 to -27‰). For gasoline vehicle, the isotopic fractionation (Δ13C) between HCHO and fuel isotopic ratios was 7.4 ± 0.7‰, which was higher than that of HCHO from stand-alone gasoline engine (Δ13Cmax = 2.7‰), suggesting additional consumption by the catalytic converter. For diesel vehicle without catalytic converter, Δ13C was 5.7 ± 2.0‰, similar to that of stand-alone diesel engine. In general, the carbon isotopic signatures of HCHO emitted from automobiles were not sensitive to idling states or to other vehicle parameters in our study condition. On comparing these HCHO carbon isotopic data with those of past studies, the atmospheric HCHO in a bus station in Guangzhou might mainly come from vehicle emission for the accordance of carbon isotopic data.

Auxiliary propulsion technology for advanced Earth-to-orbit vehicles

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schneider, Steven J.

1987-01-01

The payload which can be delivered to orbit by advanced Earth-to-Orbit vehicles is significantly increased by advanced subsystem technology. Any weight which can be saved by advanced subsystem design can be converted to payload at Main Engine Cut Off (MECO) given the same launch vehicle performance. The auxiliary propulsion subsystem and the impetus for the current hydrogen/oxygen technology program is examined. A review of the auxiliary propulsion requirements of advanced Earth-to-Orbit (ETO) vehicles and their proposed missions is given first. Then the performance benefits of hydrogen/oxygen auxiliary propulsion are illustrated using current shuttle data. The proposed auxiliary propulsion subsystem implementation includes liquid hydrogen/liquid oxygen (LH2/LO2) primary Reaction Control System (RCS) engines and gaseous hydrogen/gaseous oxygen (GH2/GO2) vernier RCS engines. A distribution system for the liquid cryogens to the engines is outlined. The possibility of providing one dual-phase engine that can operate on either liquid or gaseous propellants is being explored, as well as the simultaneous firing of redundant primary RCS thrusters to provide Orbital Maneuvering System (OMS) level impulse. Scavenging of propellants from integral main engine tankage is proposed to utilize main engine tank residuals and to combine launch vehicle and subsystem reserves.

Clean-Burning Diesel Engines.

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-03-01

Dietzmann L.R. Smith Engines, Emissions, and Vehicle Research Division Southwest Research Institute San Antonio, Texas Prepared for Belvoir Fuels and...replacing the currently used electric forklift with diesel engine-powered forklifts in handling hazardous materials. Electric -powered forklifts have no...diesel engines considered as potential candidates for forklift vehicles used to handle hazardous materials. The first program was conducted to

Alternative Fuels Data Center: Vehicle Search

Science.gov Websites

ZeroTruck Search Engines and Hybrid Systems For medium- and heavy-duty vehicles: Engine & Power Sources Hydraulic hybrid Hybrid - CNG Hybrid - Diesel Electric Hybrid - LNG Hybrid Search x Pick Engine Fuel Natural Gas Propane Electric Plug-in Hybrid Electric Hydraulic hybrid Hybrid Search x Pick Engine Fuel

Vehicle testing of Cummins turbocompound diesel engine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Brands, M. C.; Werner, J. R.; Hoehne, J. L.

1980-01-01

Two turbocompound diesel engines were installed in Class VIII heavy-duty vehicles to determine the fuel consumption potential and performance characteristics. One turbocompound powered vehicle was evaluated at the Cummins Pilot Center where driveability, fuel consumption, torsional vibration, and noise were evaluated. Fuel consumption testing showed a 14.8% benefit for the turbocompound engine in comparison to a production NTC-400 used as a baseline. The turbocompound engine also achieved lower noise levels, improved driveability, improved gradeability, and marginally superior engine retardation. The second turbocompound engine was placed in commercial service and accumulated 50,000 miles on a cross-country route without malfunction. Tank mileage revealed a 15.92% improvement over a production NTCC-400 which was operating on the same route.

Engine/vehicle integration for vertical takeoff and landing single stage to orbit vehicles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Weegar, R. K.

1992-08-01

SSTO vehicles design which is currently being developed under the Single Stage Rocket Technology program of the Strategic Defense Initiative Organization is discussed. Particular attention is given to engine optimization and integration of ascent, orbital, and landing propulsion requirements into a single system.

40 CFR 86.1712-99 - Maintenance of records; submittal of information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... model year 1999 or 2000, the California engine family; (iv) Assembly plant; (v) Vehicle identification... (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES (CONTINUED) General Provisions for the Voluntary National Low Emission Vehicle Program for Light-Duty...

40 CFR 86.1712-99 - Maintenance of records; submittal of information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... model year 1999 or 2000, the California engine family; (iv) Assembly plant; (v) Vehicle identification... (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES (CONTINUED) General Provisions for the Voluntary National Low Emission Vehicle Program for Light-Duty...

40 CFR 86.136-90 - Engine starting and restarting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... started. If necessary, braking may be employed to keep the drive wheels from turning. (c) If the vehicle... petroleum-fueled diesel vehicles and the particulate sampling system when testing methanol-fueled diesel... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES Emission...

6. AN EARLY VIEW OF THE COMPLETE X15 VEHICLE TEST ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

6. AN EARLY VIEW OF THE COMPLETE X-15 VEHICLE TEST STAND. Looking to the northeast. - Edwards Air Force Base, X-15 Engine Test Complex, Rocket Engine & Complete X-15 Vehicle Test Stands, Rogers Dry Lake, east of runway between North Base & South Base, Boron, Kern County, CA

40 CFR 86.1863-07 - Optional chassis certification for diesel vehicles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... be tested using the test fuels, sampling systems, or analytical systems specified for diesel engines... diesel vehicles. 86.1863-07 Section 86.1863-07 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES...

40 CFR 79.50 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... commonly used in heavy-duty engine evaluation. The EDS for heavy-duty diesel engines is specified in 40 CFR part 86, appendix I(f)(2). Evaporative Emission Generator (EEG) means a fuel tank or vessel to which...-fueled vehicles, Otto cycle methanol-fueled vehicles, diesel cycle diesel-fueled vehicles, and diesel...

40 CFR 79.50 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... commonly used in heavy-duty engine evaluation. The EDS for heavy-duty diesel engines is specified in 40 CFR part 86, appendix I(f)(2). Evaporative Emission Generator (EEG) means a fuel tank or vessel to which...-fueled vehicles, Otto cycle methanol-fueled vehicles, diesel cycle diesel-fueled vehicles, and diesel...

40 CFR 86.092-2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES General Provisions for Emission Regulations for 1977 and Later Model Year New Light-Duty Vehicles, Light-Duty Trucks and Heavy-Duty Engines, and for... Methanol-Fueled Heavy-Duty Vehicles § 86.092-2 Definitions. The definitions of § 86.091-2 remain effective...

40 CFR 86.092-2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES General Provisions for Emission Regulations for 1977 and Later Model Year New Light-Duty Vehicles, Light-Duty Trucks and Heavy-Duty Engines, and for... Methanol-Fueled Heavy-Duty Vehicles § 86.092-2 Definitions. The definitions of § 86.091-2 remain effective...

Vehicle Maximum Weight Limitation Based on Intelligent Weight Sensor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Raihan, W.; Tessar, R. M.; Ernest, C. O. S.; E Byan, W. R.; Winda, A.

2017-03-01

Vehicle weight is an important factor to be maintained for transportation safety. A weight limitation system is proposed to make sure the vehicle weight is always below its designation prior the vehicle is being used by the driver. The proposed system is divided into two systems, namely vehicle weight confirmation system and weight warning system. In vehicle weight confirmation system, the weight sensor work for the first time after the ignition switch is turned on. When the weight is under the weight limit, the starter engine can be switched on to start the engine system, otherwise it will be locked. The seconds system, will operated after checking all the door at close position, once the door of the car is closed, the weight warning system will check once again the weight during runing engine condition. The results of these two systems, vehicle weight confirmation system and weight warning system have 100 % accuracy, respectively. These show that the proposed vehicle weight limitation system operate well.

SAE 2018-01-1412 Constructing Engine Maps - Presentation at the April 2018 World Congress

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This presentation describes important factors and approach, along with the process for constructing complete engine maps using engine dynamometer and in-vehicle test data for use in ALPHA or any other full vehicle simulation which performs similar analyses

The Sensitivity of Precooled Air-Breathing Engine Performance to Heat Exchanger Design Parameters

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Webber, H.; Bond, A.; Hempsell, M.

The issues relevant to propulsion design for Single Stage To Orbit (SSTO) vehicles are considered. In particular two air- breathing engine concepts involving precooling are compared; SABRE (Synergetic Air-Breathing and Rocket Engine) as designed for the Skylon SSTO launch vehicle, and a LACE (Liquid Air Cycle Engine) considered in the 1960's by the Americans for an early generation spaceplane. It is shown that through entropy minimisation the SABRE has made substantial gains in performance over the traditional LACE precooled engine concept, and has shown itself as the basis of a viable means of realising a SSTO vehicle. Further, it is demonstrated that the precooler is a major source of thermodynamic irreversibility within the engine cycle and that further reduction in entropy can be realised by increasing the heat transfer coefficient on the air side of the precooler. If this were to be achieved, it would improve the payload mass delivered to orbit by the Skylon launch vehicle by between 5 and 10%.

Application for certification, 1991 model year light-duty vehicles - Sports Car America, Puma Division Inc

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1992-01-01

Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars, light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines submits to EPA an application for certification. The report deals with light-duty vehicles from Sports Car America, PUMA Division Incorporated. In the application, the manufacturer gives a detailed technical description of the vehicles or engines he intends to market during the upcoming model year. These engineering data include explanations and/or drawings which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems and exhaust and evaporative emission control systems. It also provides information on emission test procedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be used, andmore » proposed maintenance requirements to be followed during testing. Section 16 of the application contains the results of emission testing, a statement of compliance to the regulations, production engine parameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.« less

Space rocket engine on the base of the reactor-pumped laser for the interplanetary flights and earth orbital applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gulevich, Andrey V.; Dyachenko, Peter P.; Kukharchuk, Oleg F.; Zrodnikov, Anatoly V.

2000-01-01

In this report the concept of vehicle-based reactor-laser engine for long time interplanetary and interorbital (LEO to GEO) flights is proposed. Reactor-pumped lasers offer the perspective way to create on the base of modern nuclear and lasers technologies the low mass and high energy density, repetitively pulsed vehicle-based laser of average power 100 kW. Nowadays the efficiency of nuclear-to-optical energy conversion reached the value of 2-3%. The demo model of reactor-pumped laser facility is under construction in Institute for Physics and Power Engineering (Obninsk, Russia). It enable us to hope that using high power laser on board of the vehicle could make the effective space laser engine possible. Such engine may provide the high specific impulse ~1000-2000 s with the thrust up to 10-100 n. Some calculation results of the characteristics of vehicle-based reactor-laser thermal engine concept are also presented. .

EHV systems technology - A look at the principles and current status. [Electric and Hybrid Vehicle

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kurtz, D. W.; Levin, R. R.

1983-01-01

An examination of the basic principles and practices of systems engineering is undertaken in the context of their application to the component and subsystem technologies involved in electric and hybrid vehicle (EHV) development. The limitations of purely electric vehicles are contrasted with hybrid, heat engine-incorporating vehicle technology, which is inherently more versatile. A hybrid vehicle concept assessment methodology is presented which employs current technology and yet fully satisfies U.S. Department of Energy petroleum displacement goals.

Raising of Operating a Motor Vehicle Effects on Environment in Winter

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ertman, S. A.; Ertman, J. A.; Zakharov, D. A.

2016-08-01

Severe low-temperature conditions, in which considerable part of Russian Motor Park is operated, affect vehicles negatively. Cold weather causes higher fuel consumption and C02 emissions always. It is because of temperature profile changing of automobile motors, other systems and materials. For enhancement of car operation efficiency in severe winter environment the dependency of engine warm-up and cooling time on ambient air temperature and wind speed described by multifactorial mathematical models is established. -On the basis of experimental research it was proved that the coolant temperature constitutes the engine representative temperature and may be used as representative temperature of engine at large. The model of generation of integrated index for vehicle adaptability to winter operating conditions by temperature profile of engines was developed. the method for evaluation of vehicle adaptability to winter operating conditions by temperature profile of engines allows to decrease higher fuel consumption in cold climate.

Application for certification for 1979 model year for light-duty vehicles - Audi

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars, light-duty trucks, motorcycles or heavy-duty engines submits to EPA an application for certification. The application consists of two parts. In the part I, the manufacturer gives a detailed technical description of the vehicles or engines he intends to market during the upcoming model year. These engineering data include explanations and/or drawings which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems and exhaust and evaporative emission control systems. The part I also provides information on emission test procedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be used, and proposed maintenance requirements tomore » be followed during testing. The part II application submitted after emission testing is completed, contains the results of emission testing, a statement of compliance to the regulations, and maintenance instructions to be followed by the ultimate owners of the vehicles.« less

Cold Flow Propulsion Test Complex Pulse Testing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

McDougal, Kris

2016-01-01

When the propellants in a liquid rocket engine burn, the rocket not only launches and moves in space, it causes forces that interact with the vehicle itself. When these interactions occur under specific conditions, the vehicle's structures and components can become unstable. One instability of primary concern is termed pogo (named after the movement of a pogo stick), in which the oscillations (cycling movements) cause large loads, or pressure, against the vehicle, tanks, feedlines, and engine. Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) has developed a unique test technology to understand and quantify the complex fluid movements and forces in a liquid rocket engine that contribute strongly to both engine and integrated vehicle performance and stability. This new test technology was established in the MSFC Cold Flow Propulsion Test Complex to allow injection and measurement of scaled propellant flows and measurement of the resulting forces at multiple locations throughout the engine.

Application for certification for 1979 model year for light-duty vehicles - Peugeot

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars, light-duty trucks, motorcycles or heavy-duty engines submits to EPA an application for certification. The application consists of two parts. In the part I, the manufacturer gives a detailed technical description of the vehicles or engines he intends to market during the upcoming model year. These engineering data include explanations and/or drawings which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems and exhaust and evaporative emission control systems. The part I also provides information on emission test procedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be used, and proposed maintenance requirements tomore » be followed during testing. The part II application, submitted after emission testing is completed, contains the results of emission testing, a statement of compliance to the regulations, and maintenance instructions to be followed by the ultimate owners of the vehicles.« less

Intermediate Volatility Organic Compound Emissions from On-Road Gasoline Vehicles and Small Off-Road Gasoline Engines.

PubMed

Zhao, Yunliang; Nguyen, Ngoc T; Presto, Albert A; Hennigan, Christopher J; May, Andrew A; Robinson, Allen L

2016-04-19

Dynamometer experiments were conducted to characterize the intermediate volatility organic compound (IVOC) emissions from a fleet of on-road gasoline vehicles and small off-road gasoline engines. IVOCs were quantified through gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis of adsorbent samples collected from a constant volume sampler. The dominant fraction (>80%, on average) of IVOCs could not be resolved on a molecular level. These unspeciated IVOCs were quantified as two chemical classes (unspeciated branched alkanes and cyclic compounds) in 11 retention-time-based bins. IVOC emission factors (mg kg-fuel(-1)) from on-road vehicles varied widely from vehicle to vehicle, but showed a general trend of lower emissions for newer vehicles that met more stringent emission standards. IVOC emission factors for 2-stroke off-road engines were substantially higher than 4-stroke off-road engines and on-road vehicles. Despite large variations in the magnitude of emissions, the IVOC volatility distribution and chemical characteristics were consistent across all tests and IVOC emissions were strongly correlated with nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHCs), primary organic aerosol and speciated IVOCs. Although IVOC emissions only correspond to approximately 4% of NMHC emissions from on-road vehicles over the cold-start unified cycle, they are estimated to produce as much or more SOA than single-ring aromatics. Our results clearly demonstrate that IVOCs from gasoline engines are an important class of SOA precursors and provide observational constraints on IVOC emission factors and chemical composition to facilitate their inclusion into atmospheric chemistry models.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Van Blarigan, P.

A hydrogen fueled engine is being developed specifically for the auxiliary power unit (APU) in a series type hybrid vehicle. Hydrogen is different from other internal combustion (IC) engine fuels, and hybrid vehicle IC engine requirements are different from those of other IC vehicle engines. Together these differences will allow a new engine design based on first principles that will maximize thermal efficiency while minimizing principal emissions. The experimental program is proceeding in four steps: (1) Demonstration of the emissions and the indicated thermal efficiency capability of a standard CLR research engine modified for higher compression ratios and hydrogen fueledmore » operation. (2) Design and test a new combustion chamber geometry for an existing single cylinder research engine, in an attempt to improve on the baseline indicated thermal efficiency of the CLR engine. (3) Design and build, in conjunction with an industrial collaborator, a new full scale research engine designed to maximize brake thermal efficiency. Include a full complement of combustion diagnostics. (4) Incorporate all of the knowledge thus obtained in the design and fabrication, by an industrial collaborator, of the hydrogen fueled engine for the hybrid vehicle power train illustrator. Results of the CLR baseline engine testing are presented, as well as preliminary data from the new combustion chamber engine. The CLR data confirm the low NOx produced by lean operation. The preliminary indicated thermal efficiency data from the new combustion chamber design engine show an improvement relative to the CLR engine. Comparison with previous high compression engine results shows reasonable agreement.« less

Large engines and vehicles, 1958

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1978-01-01

During the mid-1950s, the Air Force sponsored work on the feasibility of building large, single-chamber engines, presumably for boost-glide aircraft or spacecraft. In 1956, the Army missile development group began studies of large launch vehicles. The possibilities opened up by Sputnik accelerated this work and gave the Army an opportunity to bid for the leading role in launch vehicles. The Air Force had the responsibility for the largest ballistic missiles and hence a ready-made base for extending their capability for spaceflight. During 1958, actions taken to establish a civilian space agency, and the launch vehicle needs seen by its planners, added a third contender to the space vehicle competition. These activities during 1958 are examined as to how they resulted in the initiation of a large rocket engine and the first large launch vehicle.

An algorithm on simultaneous optimization of performance and mass parameters of open-cycle liquid-propellant engine of launch vehicles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Eskandari, M. A.; Mazraeshahi, H. K.; Ramesh, D.; Montazer, E.; Salami, E.; Romli, F. I.

2017-12-01

In this paper, a new method for the determination of optimum parameters of open-cycle liquid-propellant engine of launch vehicles is introduced. The parameters affecting the objective function, which is the ratio of specific impulse to gross mass of the launch vehicle, are chosen to achieve maximum specific impulse as well as minimum mass for the structure of engine, tanks, etc. The proposed algorithm uses constant integration of thrust with respect to time for launch vehicle with specific diameter and length to calculate the optimum working condition. The results by this novel algorithm are compared to those obtained from using Genetic Algorithm method and they are also validated against the results of existing launch vehicle.

Analog simulation of a hybrid gasoline-electric vehicle

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gilmore, D.B.

1982-03-01

Hybrid vehicles using both internal combustion engines and electric motors represent one way to reduce fuel consumption. Our demonstration project envisioned more than halving the fuel consumption of a passenger vehicle by reducing greatly the capacity of its engine and adding regenerative braking and an all-electric range. We also envisaged maintaining the same performance as current passenger vehicles. A 0-6 000 rpm gasoline-driven internal combustion engine, two 0-7 800 rpm electric motors, a 0-7 800 rpm flywheel, and lead-acid batteries are the major components assembled using a mechnical epicyclic gear box. An EAI 681 analog computer allowed us to examinemore » quickly the effects of engine capacity, flywheel size, battery voltage, gear ratios, and mode of operation. An external potentiometer control on the computer allowed the operator to drive the vehicle through any acceleration cycle on level ground. We have shown that a 1.3 litre gasoline engine, two 13 kW separately excited direct current electric motors, a 38 kg flywheel, and a 48-volt battery pack will provide the same maximum performance as a conventional 4.1 litre internal combustion engine with automatic transmission at vehicle speeds below 60 km/h, and lower but satisfactory highway performance up to a top speed of 130 km/h. The transmission has undergone laboratory tests; it is to be road-tested in the first half of 1982.« less

Composite engines for application to a single-stage-to-orbit vehicle

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bendot, J. G.; Brown, P. N.; Piercy, T. G.

1975-01-01

Seven composite engines were designed for application to a reusable single-stage-to-orbit vehicle. The engine designs were variations of the supercharged ejector ramjet engine. The resulting performance, weight, and drawings of each engine form a data base for establishing a potential of this class of composite engine to various missions, including the single-stage-to-orbit application. The impact of advanced technology in the design of the critical fan turbine was established.

Linear aerospike engine. [for reusable single-stage-to-orbit vehicle

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kirby, F. M.; Martinez, A.

1977-01-01

A description is presented of a dual-fuel modular split-combustor linear aerospike engine concept. The considered engine represents an approach to an integrated engine for a reusable single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) vehicle. The engine burns two fuels (hydrogen and a hydrocarbon) with oxygen in separate combustors. Combustion gases expand on a linear aerospike nozzle. An engine preliminary design is discussed. Attention is given to the evaluation process for selecting the optimum number of modules or divisions of the engine, aspects of cooling and power cycle balance, and details of engine operation.

Noise abatement and traffic safety: The trade-off of quieter engines and pavements on vehicle detection.

PubMed

Mendonça, C; Freitas, E; Ferreira, J P; Raimundo, I D; Santos, J A

2013-03-01

Road traffic sounds are a major source of noise pollution in urban areas. But recent developments such as low noise pavements and hybrid/electric engine vehicles cast an optimistic outlook over such an environmental problem. However, it can be argued that engine, tire, and road noise could be relevant sources of information to avoid road traffic conflicts and accidents. In this paper, we analyze the potential trade-offs of traffic-noise abatement approaches in an experimental study, focusing for the first time on the impact and interaction of relevant factors such as pavement type, vehicle type, listener's age, and background noise, on vehicle detection levels. Results reveal that vehicle and pavement type significantly affect vehicle detection. Age is a significant factor, as both younger and older people exhibit lower detection levels of incoming vehicles. Low noise pavements combined with all-electric and hybrid vehicles might pose a severe threat to the safety of vulnerable road users. All factors interact simultaneously, and vehicle detection is best predicted by the loudness signal-to-noise ratio. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Hybrid Turbine Electric Vehicle

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Viterna, Larry A.

1997-01-01

Hybrid electric power trains may revolutionize today's ground passenger vehicles by significantly improving fuel economy and decreasing emissions. The NASA Lewis Research Center is working with industry, universities, and Government to develop and demonstrate a hybrid electric vehicle. Our partners include Bowling Green State University, the Cleveland Regional Transit Authority, Lincoln Electric Motor Division, the State of Ohio's Department of Development, and Teledyne Ryan Aeronautical. The vehicle will be a heavy class urban transit bus offering double the fuel economy of today's buses and emissions that are reduced to 1/10th of the Environmental Protection Agency's standards. At the heart of the vehicle's drive train is a natural-gas-fueled engine. Initially, a small automotive engine will be tested as a baseline. This will be followed by the introduction of an advanced gas turbine developed from an aircraft jet engine. The engine turns a high-speed generator, producing electricity. Power from both the generator and an onboard energy storage system is then provided to a variable-speed electric motor attached to the rear drive axle. An intelligent power-control system determines the most efficient operation of the engine and energy storage system.

Entry Atmospheric Flight Control Authority Impacts on GN and C and Trajectory Performance for Orion Exploration Flight Test 1

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

McNamara, Luke W.

2012-01-01

One of the key design objectives of NASA's Orion Exploration Flight Test 1 (EFT-1) is to execute a guided entry trajectory demonstrating GN&C capability. The focus of this paper is the ight control authority of the vehicle throughout the atmospheric entry ight to the target landing site and its impacts on GN&C, parachute deployment, and integrated performance. The vehicle's attitude control authority is obtained from thrusting 12 Re- action Control System (RCS) engines, with four engines to control yaw, four engines to control pitch, and four engines to control roll. The static and dynamic stability derivatives of the vehicle are determined to assess the inherent aerodynamic stability. The aerodynamic moments at various locations in the entry trajectory are calculated and compared to the available torque provided by the RCS system. Interaction between the vehicle's RCS engine plumes and the aerodynamic conditions are considered to assess thruster effectiveness. This document presents an assessment of Orion's ight control authority and its effectiveness in controlling the vehicle during critical events in the atmospheric entry trajectory.

Nuclear Thermal Propulsion Mars Mission Systems Analysis and Requirements Definition

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mulqueen, Jack; Chiroux, Robert C.; Thomas, Dan; Crane, Tracie

2007-01-01

This paper describes the Mars transportation vehicle design concepts developed by the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) Advanced Concepts Office. These vehicle design concepts provide an indication of the most demanding and least demanding potential requirements for nuclear thermal propulsion systems for human Mars exploration missions from years 2025 to 2035. Vehicle concept options vary from large "all-up" vehicle configurations that would transport all of the elements for a Mars mission on one vehicle. to "split" mission vehicle configurations that would consist of separate smaller vehicles that would transport cargo elements and human crew elements to Mars separately. Parametric trades and sensitivity studies show NTP stage and engine design options that provide the best balanced set of metrics based on safety, reliability, performance, cost and mission objectives. Trade studies include the sensitivity of vehicle performance to nuclear engine characteristics such as thrust, specific impulse and nuclear reactor type. Tbe associated system requirements are aligned with the NASA Exploration Systems Mission Directorate (ESMD) Reference Mars mission as described in the Explorations Systems Architecture Study (ESAS) report. The focused trade studies include a detailed analysis of nuclear engine radiation shield requirements for human missions and analysis of nuclear thermal engine design options for the ESAS reference mission.

Further validation of artificial neural network-based emissions simulation models for conventional and hybrid electric vehicles.

PubMed

Tóth-Nagy, Csaba; Conley, John J; Jarrett, Ronald P; Clark, Nigel N

2006-07-01

With the advent of hybrid electric vehicles, computer-based vehicle simulation becomes more useful to the engineer and designer trying to optimize the complex combination of control strategy, power plant, drive train, vehicle, and driving conditions. With the desire to incorporate emissions as a design criterion, researchers at West Virginia University have developed artificial neural network (ANN) models for predicting emissions from heavy-duty vehicles. The ANN models were trained on engine and exhaust emissions data collected from transient dynamometer tests of heavy-duty diesel engines then used to predict emissions based on engine speed and torque data from simulated operation of a tractor truck and hybrid electric bus. Simulated vehicle operation was performed with the ADVISOR software package. Predicted emissions (carbon dioxide [CO2] and oxides of nitrogen [NO(x)]) were then compared with actual emissions data collected from chassis dynamometer tests of similar vehicles. This paper expands on previous research to include different driving cycles for the hybrid electric bus and varying weights of the conventional truck. Results showed that different hybrid control strategies had a significant effect on engine behavior (and, thus, emissions) and may affect emissions during different driving cycles. The ANN models underpredicted emissions of CO2 and NO(x) in the case of a class-8 truck but were more accurate as the truck weight increased.

17. Photocopy of drawing (1961 civil engineering drawing by Kaiser ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

17. Photocopy of drawing (1961 civil engineering drawing by Kaiser Engineers) SITE PLAN, PLOT PLAN, AND LOCATION MAP FOR VEHICLE SUPPORT BUILDING, SHEET C-1 - Vandenberg Air Force Base, Space Launch Complex 3, Vehicle Support Building, Napa & Alden Roads, Lompoc, Santa Barbara County, CA

40 CFR 85.510 - Exemption provisions for new and relatively new vehicles/engines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... system, engine calibration, and emission control system functionality when operating on the fuel with... relatively new vehicles/engines. 85.510 Section 85.510 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF AIR POLLUTION FROM MOBILE SOURCES Exemption of...

40 CFR 86.085-37 - Production vehicles and engines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

.... (d) The following definitions apply to this section: (1) Model type means a unique combination of car..., inertia weight, and transmission class. (3) Vehicle configuration means a unique combination of basic engine, engine code, inertia weight, transmission configuration, and axle ratio within a base level. [48...

40 CFR 86.085-37 - Production vehicles and engines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

.... (d) The following definitions apply to this section: (1) Model type means a unique combination of car..., inertia weight, and transmission class. (3) Vehicle configuration means a unique combination of basic engine, engine code, inertia weight, transmission configuration, and axle ratio within a base level. [48...

How Well Do We Know the Future of CO2 Emissions? Projecting Fleet Emissions from Light Duty Vehicle Technology Drivers.

PubMed

Martin, Niall P D; Bishop, Justin D K; Boies, Adam M

2017-03-07

While the UK has committed to reduce CO 2 emissions to 80% of 1990 levels by 2050, transport accounts for nearly a fourth of all emissions and the degree to which decarbonization can occur is highly uncertain. We present a new methodology using vehicle and powertrain parameters within a Bayesian framework to determine the impact of engineering vehicle improvements on fuel consumption and CO 2 emissions. Our results show how design changes in vehicle parameters (e.g., mass, engine size, and compression ratio) result in fuel consumption improvements from a fleet-wide mean of 5.6 L/100 km in 2014 to 3.0 L/100 km by 2030. The change in vehicle efficiency coupled with increases in vehicle numbers and fleet-wide activity result in a total fleet-wide reduction of 41 ± 10% in 2030, relative to 2012. Concerted internal combustion engine improvements result in a 48 ± 10% reduction of CO 2 emissions, while efforts to increase the number of diesel vehicles within the fleet had little additional effect. Increasing plug-in and all-electric vehicles reduced CO 2 emissions by less (42 ± 10% reduction) than concerted internal combustion engines improvements. However, if the grid decarbonizes, electric vehicles reduce emissions by 45 ± 9% with further reduction potential to 2050.

Quick trips to Mars

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hornung, R.

1991-01-01

The design of a Mars Mission Vehicle that would have to be launched by two very heavy lift launch vehicles is described along with plans for a mission to Mars. The vehicle has three nuclear engine for rocket vehicle application (NERVA) boosters with a fourth in the center that acts as a dual mode system. The fourth generates electrical power while in route, but it also helps lift the vehicle out of earth orbit. A Mars Ascent Vehicle (MAV), a Mars transfer vehicle stage, and a Mars Excursion Vehicle (MEV) are located on the front end of this vehicle. Other aspects of this research including aerobraking, heat shielding, nuclear thermal rocket engines, a mars mission summary, closed Brayton cycle with and without regeneration, liquid hydrogen propellant storage, etc. are addressed.

40 CFR 86.000-7 - Maintenance of records; submittal of information; right of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...: (i) EPA engine family; (ii) Vehicle identification number; (iii) Model year and production date; (iv... AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES General Provisions for Emission Regulations for 1977 and Later Model Year New Light-Duty Vehicles...

40 CFR 86.000-7 - Maintenance of records; submittal of information; right of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...: (i) EPA engine family; (ii) Vehicle identification number; (iii) Model year and production date; (iv... AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES General Provisions for Emission Regulations for 1977 and Later Model Year New Light-Duty Vehicles...

40 CFR 86.000-7 - Maintenance of records; submittal of information; right of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...: (i) EPA engine family; (ii) Vehicle identification number; (iii) Model year and production date; (iv... AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES General Provisions for Emission Regulations for 1977 and Later Model Year New Light-Duty Vehicles...

40 CFR 86.000-7 - Maintenance of records; submittal of information; right of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...: (i) EPA engine family; (ii) Vehicle identification number; (iii) Model year and production date; (iv... AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES General Provisions for Emission Regulations for 1977 and Later Model Year New Light-Duty Vehicles...

Ground Vehicle Power and Mobility Overview - Germany Visit

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-11-10

the current and future force Survivability Robotics – Intelligent Systems Vehicle Electronics & Architecture Fuel, Water, Bridging ...Test Cell • Engine Generator Test Lab • Full Vehicle Environmental Test Cell • Hybrid Electric Reconfigurable Moveable Integration Testbed (HERMIT...Converter Conducted competitive runoff evaluations on Bridging Boat engine candidates Completed independent durability assessment of OEM

Alternative Fuels Data Center: Natural Gas Vehicle Maintenance and Safety

Science.gov Websites

and delivery systems for road vehicles. Oil-Change Intervals Cleaner-burning fuels have a direct impact on extending the useful life of the engine's lubricating oil. In conventionally fueled vehicles , engine oil degrades as a result of soot and other impurities from the combustion process that get

Stop/Start: Overview

Science.gov Websites

1 Stop/Start vehicles use a combination of regenerative and conventional friction braking to slow , The gasoline engine in a start-stop hybrid is much like those in conventional vehicles. Unlike other hybrids that use an electric motor to help power the vehicle, the engine in a start-stop hybrid is usually

Design of Modular, Shape-transitioning Inlets for a Conical Hypersonic Vehicle

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gollan, Rowan J.; Smart, Michael K.

2010-01-01

For a hypersonic vehicle, propelled by scramjet engines, integration of the engines and airframe is highly desirable. Thus, the forward capture shape of the engine inlet should conform to the vehicle body shape. Furthermore, the use of modular engines places a constraint on the shape of the inlet sidewalls. Finally, one may desire a combustor cross- section shape that is different from that of the inlet. These shape constraints for the inlet can be accommodated by employing a streamline-tracing and lofting technique. This design technique was developed by Smart for inlets with a rectangular-to-elliptical shape transition. In this paper, we generalise that technique to produce inlets that conform to arbitrary shape requirements. As an example, we show the design of a body-integrated hypersonic inlet on a winged-cone vehicle, typical of what might be used in a three-stage orbital launch system. The special challenge of inlet design for this conical vehicle at an angle-of-attack is also discussed. That challenge is that the bow shock sits relatively close to the vehicle body.

Booster propulsion/vehicle impact study

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Weldon, Vincent; Dunn, Michael; Fink, Lawrence; Phillips, Dwight; Wetzel, Eric

1988-01-01

The use of hydrogen RP-1, propane, and methane as fuels for booster engines of launch vehicles is discussed. An automated procedure for integrated launch vehicle, engine sizing, and design optimization was used to define two stage and single stage concepts for minimum dry weight. The two stage vehicles were unmanned and used a flyback booster and partially reusable orbiter. The single stage designs were fully reusable, manned flyback vehicles. Comparisons of these vehicle designs, showing the effects of using different fuels, as well as sensitivity and trending data, are presented. In addition, the automated design technique utilized for the study is described.

Powertrain Test Procedure Development for EPA GHG Certification of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Engines and Vehicles

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chambon, Paul H.; Deter, Dean D.

2016-07-01

xiii ABSTRACT The goal of this project is to develop and evaluate powertrain test procedures that can accurately simulate real-world operating conditions, and to determine greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of advanced medium- and heavy-duty engine and vehicle technologies. ORNL used their Vehicle System Integration Laboratory to evaluate test procedures on a stand-alone engine as well as two powertrains. Those components where subjected to various drive cycles and vehicle conditions to evaluate the validity of the results over a broad range of test conditions. Overall, more than 1000 tests were performed. The data are compiled and analyzed in this report.

FY2016 Advanced Combustion Engine Annual Progress Report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

None, None

The Advanced Combustion Engine research and development (R&D) subprogram within the DOE Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO) provides support and guidance for many cutting-edge automotive technologies under development. Research focuses on addressing critical barriers to commercializing higher efficiency, very low emissions advanced internal combustion engines for passenger and commercial vehicles.

FY2014 Advanced Combustion Engine Annual Progress Report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

None

2015-03-01

The Advanced Combustion Engine research and development (R&D) subprogram within the DOE Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO) provides support and guidance for many cutting-edge automotive technologies under development. Research focuses on addressing critical barriers to commercializing higher efficiency, very low emissions advanced internal combustion engines for passenger and commercial vehicles.

40 CFR 86.084-2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES General Provisions for Emission Regulations for 1977 and Later Model Year New Light-Duty Vehicles, Light-Duty Trucks and Heavy-Duty Engines, and for... light-duty trucks, the engine speed with the transmission in neutral or with the clutch disengaged and...

40 CFR 86.084-2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES General Provisions for Emission Regulations for 1977 and Later Model Year New Light-Duty Vehicles, Light-Duty Trucks and Heavy-Duty Engines, and for... light-duty trucks, the engine speed with the transmission in neutral or with the clutch disengaged and...

40 CFR 86.084-2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES General Provisions for Emission Regulations for 1977 and Later Model Year New Light-Duty Vehicles, Light-Duty Trucks and Heavy-Duty Engines, and for... light-duty trucks, the engine speed with the transmission in neutral or with the clutch disengaged and...

40 CFR 86.084-2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES General Provisions for Emission Regulations for 1977 and Later Model Year New Light-Duty Vehicles, Light-Duty Trucks and Heavy-Duty Engines, and for... light-duty trucks, the engine speed with the transmission in neutral or with the clutch disengaged and...

40 CFR 86.084-2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES General Provisions for Emission Regulations for 1977 and Later Model Year New Light-Duty Vehicles, Light-Duty Trucks and Heavy-Duty Engines, and for... light-duty trucks, the engine speed with the transmission in neutral or with the clutch disengaged and...

40 CFR 1036.140 - Primary intended service class.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... POLLUTION CONTROLS CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HEAVY-DUTY HIGHWAY ENGINES Emission Standards... vehicles for which you design and market the engine. The three primary intended service classes are light...) Light heavy-duty engines usually are not designed for rebuild and do not have cylinder liners. Vehicle...

40 CFR 85.520 - Exemption provisions for outside useful life vehicles/engines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF AIR POLLUTION FROM MOBILE SOURCES Exemption of... following provisions: (1) You must notify us as described in this section. (2) Conversion test groups... properly designed and matched for the vehicles/engines in which they will be installed. Good engineering...

40 CFR 85.520 - Exemption provisions for outside useful life vehicles/engines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF AIR POLLUTION FROM MOBILE SOURCES Exemption of... following provisions: (1) You must notify us as described in this section. (2) Conversion test groups... properly designed and matched for the vehicles/engines in which they will be installed. Good engineering...

40 CFR 1036.140 - Primary intended service class.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... POLLUTION CONTROLS CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HEAVY-DUTY HIGHWAY ENGINES Emission Standards... vehicles for which you design and market the engine. The three primary intended service classes are light...) Light heavy-duty engines usually are not designed for rebuild and do not have cylinder liners. Vehicle...

40 CFR 1036.140 - Primary intended service class.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... POLLUTION CONTROLS CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HEAVY-DUTY HIGHWAY ENGINES Emission Standards... vehicles for which you design and market the engine. The three primary intended service classes are light...) Light heavy-duty engines usually are not designed for rebuild and do not have cylinder liners. Vehicle...

40 CFR 86.1108-87 - Maintenance of records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Penalties for Gasoline-Fueled and Diesel Heavy-Duty Engines and Heavy-Duty Vehicles, Including Light-Duty... heavy-duty engine or heavy-duty vehicle subject to any of the provisions of this subpart shall establish... testing under this subpart, specifically; (i) If testing heavy-duty gasoline engines, the equipment...

FY2015 Advanced Combustion Engine Annual Progress Report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Singh, Gurpreet; Gravel, Roland M.; Howden, Kenneth C.

The Advanced Combustion Engine research and development (R&D) subprogram within the DOE Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO) provides support and guidance for many cutting-edge automotive technologies under development. Research focuses on addressing critical barriers to commercializing higher efficiency, very low emissions advanced internal combustion engines for passenger and commercial vehicles.

Engineering Delivery Vehicles for Genome Editing.

PubMed

Nelson, Christopher E; Gersbach, Charles A

2016-06-07

The field of genome engineering has created new possibilities for gene therapy, including improved animal models of disease, engineered cell therapies, and in vivo gene repair. The most significant challenge for the clinical translation of genome engineering is the development of safe and effective delivery vehicles. A large body of work has applied genome engineering to genetic modification in vitro, and clinical trials have begun using cells modified by genome editing. Now, promising preclinical work is beginning to apply these tools in vivo. This article summarizes the development of genome engineering platforms, including meganucleases, zinc finger nucleases, TALENs, and CRISPR/Cas9, and their flexibility for precise genetic modifications. The prospects for the development of safe and effective viral and nonviral delivery vehicles for genome editing are reviewed, and promising advances in particular therapeutic applications are discussed.

Automotive technology status and projections. Volume 1: Executive summary

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dowdy, M.; Burke, A.; Schneider, H.; Edmiston, W.; Klose, G. J.; Heft, R.

1978-01-01

Fuel economy, exhaust emissions, multifuel capability, advanced materials and cost/manufacturability for both conventional and advanced alternative power systems were assessed. To insure valid comparisons of vehicles with alternative power systems, the concept of an Otto-Engine-Equivalent (OEE) vehicle was utilized. Each engine type was sized to provide equivalent vehicle performance. Sensitivity to different performance criteria was evaluated. Fuel economy projections are made for each engine type considering both the legislated emission standards and possible future emissions requirements.

Electric machine for hybrid motor vehicle

DOEpatents

Hsu, John Sheungchun

2007-09-18

A power system for a motor vehicle having an internal combustion engine and an electric machine is disclosed. The electric machine has a stator, a permanent magnet rotor, an uncluttered rotor spaced from the permanent magnet rotor, and at least one secondary core assembly. The power system also has a gearing arrangement for coupling the internal combustion engine to wheels on the vehicle thereby providing a means for the electric machine to both power assist and brake in relation to the output of the internal combustion engine.

Engine classification using vibrations measured by Laser Doppler Vibrometer on different surfaces

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wei, J.; Liu, Chi-Him; Zhu, Zhigang; Vongsy, Karmon; Mendoza-Schrock, Olga

2015-05-01

In our previous studies, vehicle surfaces' vibrations caused by operating engines measured by Laser Doppler Vibrometer (LDV) have been effectively exploited in order to classify vehicles of different types, e.g., vans, 2-door sedans, 4-door sedans, trucks, and buses, as well as different types of engines, such as Inline-four engines, V-6 engines, 1-axle diesel engines, and 2-axle diesel engines. The results are achieved by employing methods based on an array of machine learning classifiers such as AdaBoost, random forests, neural network, and support vector machines. To achieve effective classification performance, we seek to find a more reliable approach to pick authentic vibrations of vehicle engines from a trustworthy surface. Compared with vibrations directly taken from the uncooperative vehicle surfaces that are rigidly connected to the engines, these vibrations are much weaker in magnitudes. In this work we conducted a systematic study on different types of objects. We tested different types of engines ranging from electric shavers, electric fans, and coffee machines among different surfaces such as a white board, cement wall, and steel case to investigate the characteristics of the LDV signals of these surfaces, in both the time and spectral domains. Preliminary results in engine classification using several machine learning algorithms point to the right direction on the choice of type of object surfaces to be planted for LDV measurements.

Study on a Simple Method for Controlling the Engine Output Power of Hybrid Powered Railway Vehicles with Electric Double Layer Capacitors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Okano, Shota; Shibuya, Hiroyuki; Kondo, Keiichiro

This paper presents a simple and energy-saving method for controlling hybrid powered railway vehicles that run on rural non-electrified railway lines and have diesel engine and electrical double layer capacitors (EDLCs). The aim this study is to reduce both the fuel consumption and the capacitance of EDLCs. A basic idea proposed in this paper is that EDLCs supply and absorb the kinetic energy of the vehicle and the engine output compensates supply the energy loss with the vehicle running. Thus, the energy loss is not taken into consideration while expressing the EDLC voltage reference (equation 1); energy loss is considered when the engine is in operating mode. The proposed method is examined by performing numerical simulations for various values of engine operation time, load, and grade section. The results of this study reveal the relationship between the capacitance of the EDLCs and the fuel consumption. Using this proposed control methods, excessive charging of EDLCs can be avoided. The results of this study are expected to expedite the development of energy-saving railway vehicles for the non-electrified lines. Finally, the results of this study increase the possibility of developing hybrid powered railway vehicles.

Biofuels, vehicle emissions, and urban air quality.

PubMed

Wallington, Timothy J; Anderson, James E; Kurtz, Eric M; Tennison, Paul J

2016-07-18

Increased biofuel content in automotive fuels impacts vehicle tailpipe emissions via two mechanisms: fuel chemistry and engine calibration. Fuel chemistry effects are generally well recognized, while engine calibration effects are not. It is important that investigations of the impact of biofuels on vehicle emissions consider the impact of engine calibration effects and are conducted using vehicles designed to operate using such fuels. We report the results of emission measurements from a Ford F-350 fueled with either fossil diesel or a biodiesel surrogate (butyl nonanoate) and demonstrate the critical influence of engine calibration on NOx emissions. Using the production calibration the emissions of NOx were higher with the biodiesel fuel. Using an adjusted calibration (maintaining equivalent exhaust oxygen concentration to that of the fossil diesel at the same conditions by adjusting injected fuel quantities) the emissions of NOx were unchanged, or lower, with biodiesel fuel. For ethanol, a review of the literature data addressing the impact of ethanol blend levels (E0-E85) on emissions from gasoline light-duty vehicles in the U.S. is presented. The available data suggest that emissions of NOx, non-methane hydrocarbons, particulate matter (PM), and mobile source air toxics (compounds known, or suspected, to cause serious health impacts) from modern gasoline and diesel vehicles are not adversely affected by increased biofuel content over the range for which the vehicles are designed to operate. Future increases in biofuel content when accomplished in concert with changes in engine design and calibration for new vehicles should not result in problematic increases in emissions impacting urban air quality and may in fact facilitate future required emissions reductions. A systems perspective (fuel and vehicle) is needed to fully understand, and optimize, the benefits of biofuels when blended into gasoline and diesel.

Service Cart For Engines

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ng, Gim Shek

1995-01-01

Cart supports rear-mounted air-cooled engine from Volkswagen or Porsche automobile. One person removes, repairs, tests, and reinstalls engine of car, van, or home-built airplane. Consists of framework of wood, steel, and aluminum components supported by four wheels. Engine lifted from vehicle by hydraulic jack and gently lowered onto waiting cart. Jack removed from under engine. Rear of vehicle raised just enough that engine can be rolled out from under it. Cart easily supports 200-lb engine. Also used to hold transmission. With removable sheet-metal top, cart used as portable seat.

Natural gas applications for hybrid vehicles. Final report, October 1992-July 1993

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bentley, J.M.

1993-08-01

Hybrid vehicle technology holds the potential for improved efficiency and emissions compared with internal combustion (IC) engines and improved range and refueling convenience over electric vehicles. This study evaluated the potential for using natural gas as a hybrid vehicle fuel. Potential regulatory and market drivers were evaluated for hybrids generally and natural gas hybrids in specific. Heat engine options and other configuration issues were investigated to determine efficiency, emissions or other benefits of light- and heavy-duty hybrids. Several hybrid vehicle configurations were evaluated to determine the specific packaging attributes of natural gas in a hybrid configuration. Generally, conventional IC enginesmore » appear adequate for most emissions-sensitive hybrid applications with no great advantage being gained from using turbines or other more advanced heat engines. The largest technology barrier to a near-term hybrid is the weight of available or near-term batteries. Smaller, light-duty hybrid vehicles will be more sensitive to this weight handicap than larger vehicles such as the urban transit bus.« less

Light-Duty Drive Cycle Simulations of Diesel Engine-Out Exhaust Properties for an RCCI-Enabled Vehicle

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gao, Zhiming; Curran, Scott; Daw, C Stuart

2013-01-01

In-cylinder blending of gasoline and diesel fuels to achieve low-temperature reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) can reduce NOx and PM emissions while maintaining or improving brake thermal efficiency compared to conventional diesel combustion (CDC). Moreover, the dual-fueling RCCI is able to achieve these benefits by tailoring combustion reactivity over a wider range of engine operation than is possible with a single fuel. However, the currently demonstrated range of stable RCCI combustion just covers a portion of the engine speed-load range required in several light-duty drive cycles. This means that engines must switch from RCCI to CDC when speed and loadmore » fall outside of the stable RCCI range. In this study we investigated the impact of RCCI as it has recently been demonstrated on practical engine-out exhaust temperature and emissions by simulating a multi-mode RCCI-enabled vehicle operating over two urban and two highway driving cycles. To implement our simulations, we employed experimental engine maps for a multi-mode RCCI/CDC engine combined with a standard mid-size, automatic transmission, passenger vehicle in the Autonomie vehicle simulation platform. Our results include both detailed transient and cycle-averaged engine exhaust temperature and emissions for each case, and we note the potential implications of the modified exhaust properties on catalytic emissions control and utilization of waste heat recovery on future RCCI-enabled vehicles.« less

Tactical Unmanned Ground Vehicle Related Research References (BTA Study)

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-03-01

draw bar pull - 4,297 lbs; Engine - 65 hp air cooled diesel engine ; dual electrical motors, hydrostatic drive; Observation - three closed-circuit...8217 Munitions and Chemical Command. Commander, U. S. Army Chemical Research, Development, and Engineering Center. 40..... "Unmanned Air Vehicles Payloads...8217 Larry Brantley Advanced Systems Concepts Office Research, Development, and Engineering Center MARCH 1993 edetone qArs nal, Alabama 35898-5000

I(sup STAR), NASA's Next Step in Air-Breathing Propulsion for Space Access

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hutt, John J.; McArthur, Craig; Cook, Stephen (Technical Monitor)

2001-01-01

The United States' National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has established a strategic plan for future activities in space. A primary goal of this plan is to make drastic improvements in the cost and safety of earth to low-earth-orbit transportation. One approach to achieving this goal is through the development of highly reusable, highly reliable space transportation systems analogous to the commercial airline system. In the year 2000, NASA selected the Rocket Based Combined Cycle (RBCC) engine as the next logical step towards this goal. NASA will develop a complete flight-weight, pump-fed engine system under the Integrated System Test of an Airbreathing Rocket (I(sup STAR)) Project. The objective of this project is develop a reusable engine capable of self-powering a vehicle through the air-augmented rocket, ramjet and scramjet modes required in all RBCC based operational vehicle concepts. The project is currently approved and funded to develop the engine through ground test demonstration. Plans are in place to proceed with flight demonstration pending funding approval. The project is in formulation phase and the Preliminary Requirements Review has been completed. The engine system and vehicle have been selected at the conceptual level. The I(sup STAR) engine concept is based on an air-breathing flowpath downselected from three configurations evaluated in NASA's Advanced Reusable Technology contract. The selected flowpath features rocket thrust chambers integrated into struts separating modular flowpath ducts, a variable geometry inlet, and a thermally choked throat. The engine will be approximately 220 inches long and 79 inches wide and fueled with a hydrocarbon fuel using liquid oxygen as the primary oxidizer candidate. The primary concept for the pump turbine drive is pressure-fed catalyzed hydrogen peroxide. In order to control costs, the flight demonstration vehicle will be launched from a B-52 aircraft. The vehicle concept is based on the Air Breathing Launch Vehicle 4 (ABLV4) lifting body configuration which has design heritage from NASA's NASP Program. The vehicle will be designed to accelerate from Mach 0.8 to Mach 7 and will be equipped with landing gear for horizontal landing. The complete vehicle, including the engine, will be designed for 25 flights and will be approximately 33 feet long with a total vehicle weight of approximately 25000 lbs.

Control-Relevant Modeling, Analysis, and Design for Scramjet-Powered Hypersonic Vehicles

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rodriguez, Armando A.; Dickeson, Jeffrey J.; Sridharan, Srikanth; Benavides, Jose; Soloway, Don; Kelkar, Atul; Vogel, Jerald M.

2009-01-01

Within this paper, control-relevant vehicle design concepts are examined using a widely used 3 DOF (plus flexibility) nonlinear model for the longitudinal dynamics of a generic carrot-shaped scramjet powered hypersonic vehicle. Trade studies associated with vehicle/engine parameters are examined. The impact of parameters on control-relevant static properties (e.g. level-flight trimmable region, trim controls, AOA, thrust margin) and dynamic properties (e.g. instability and right half plane zero associated with flight path angle) are examined. Specific parameters considered include: inlet height, diffuser area ratio, lower forebody compression ramp inclination angle, engine location, center of gravity, and mass. Vehicle optimizations is also examined. Both static and dynamic considerations are addressed. The gap-metric optimized vehicle is obtained to illustrate how this control-centric concept can be used to "reduce" scheduling requirements for the final control system. A classic inner-outer loop control architecture and methodology is used to shed light on how specific vehicle/engine design parameter selections impact control system design. In short, the work represents an important first step toward revealing fundamental tradeoffs and systematically treating control-relevant vehicle design.

2007 Nissan Altima-7982 Hybrid Electric Vehicle Battery Test Results

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tyler Grey; Chester Motloch; James Francfort

2010-01-01

The U.S. Department of Energy's Advanced Vehicle Testing Activity conducts several different types of tests on hybrid electric vehicles, including testing hybrid electric vehicles batteries when both the vehicles and batteries are new, and at the conclusion of 160,000 miles of accelerated testing. This report documents the battery testing performed and battery testing results for the 2007 Nissan Altima hybrid electric vehicle (Vin Number 1N4CL21E27C177982). Testing was performed by the Electric Transportation Engineering Corporation. The Advanced Vehicle Testing Activity is part of the U.S. Department of Energy's Vehicle Technologies Program. The Idaho National Laboratory and the Electric Transportation Engineering Corporationmore » conduct Advanced Vehicle Testing Activity for the U.S. Department of Energy.« less

State-of-the-art assessment of electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1977-01-01

The Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Research, Development, and Demonstration Act of 1976 (PL 94-413) requires that data be developed to characterize the state of the art of vehicles powered by an electric motor and those propelled by a combination of an electric motor and an internal combustion engine or other power sources. Data obtained from controlled tests of a representative number of sample vehicles, from information supplied by manufacturers or contained in the literature, and from surveys of fleet operators of individual owners of electric vehicles is discussed. The results of track and dynamometer tests conducted by NASA on 22 electric, 2 hybrid, and 5 conventional vehicles, as well as on 5 spark-ignition-engine-powered vehicles, the conventional counterparts of 5 of the vehicles, are presented.

Assessment of future natural gas vehicle concepts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Groten, B.; Arrigotti, S.

1992-10-01

The development of Natural Gas Vehicles is progressing rapidly under the stimulus of recent vehicle emission regulations. The development is following what can be viewed as a three step progression. In the first step, contemporary gasoline or diesel fueled automobiles are retrofitted with equipment enabling the vehicle to operate on either natural gas or standard liquid fuels. The second step is the development of vehicles which utilize traditional internal combustion engines that have been modified to operate exclusively on natural gas. These dedicated natural gas vehicles operate more efficiently and have lower emissions than the dual fueled vehicles. The third step is the redesigning, from the ground up, of a vehicle aimed at exploiting the advantages of natural gas as an automotive fuel while minimizing its disadvantages. The current report is aimed at identifying the R&D needs in various fuel storage and engine combinations which have potential for providing increased efficiency, reduced emissions, and reductions in vehicle weight and size. Fuel suppliers, automobile and engine manufacturers, many segments of the natural gas and other industries, and regulatory authorities will influence or be affected by the development of such a third generation vehicle, and it is recommended that GRI act to bring these groups together in the near future to begin, developing the focus on a 'designed-for-natural-gas' vehicle.

Observation of increases in emission from modern vehicles over time in Hong Kong using remote sensing.

PubMed

Lau, Jason; Hung, W T; Cheung, C S

2012-04-01

In this study on-road gaseous emissions of vehicles are investigated using remote sensing measurements collected over three different periods. The results show that a high percentage of gaseous pollutants were emitted from a small percentage of vehicles. Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG) vehicles generally have higher gaseous emissions compared to other vehicles, particularly among higher-emitting vehicles. Vehicles with high vehicle specific power (VSP) tend to have lower CO and HC emissions while petrol and LPG vehicles tend to have higher NO emissions when engine load is high. It can be observed that gaseous emission factors of petrol and LPG vehicles increase greatly within 2 years of being introduced to the vehicle fleet, suggesting that engine and catalyst performance deteriorate rapidly. It can be observed that LPG vehicles have higher levels of gaseous emissions than petrol vehicles, suggesting that proper maintenance of LPG vehicles is essential in reducing gaseous emissions from vehicles. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

40 CFR 85.1805 - Notification to vehicle or engine owners.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... family particulate emission limits, as defined in part 86. These standards or family particulate emission... paragraph (a) of this section nor any other contemporaneous communication sent to vehicle or engine owners...

40 CFR 86.1110-87 - Sample selection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Penalties for Gasoline-Fueled and Diesel Heavy-Duty Engines and Heavy-Duty Vehicles, Including Light-Duty... mass production processes for engines or vehicles to be distributed into commerce. In the case of heavy...

40 CFR 86.1106-87 - Production compliance auditing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) Nonconformance Penalties for Gasoline-Fueled and Diesel Heavy-Duty Engines and Heavy-Duty Vehicles, Including... for heavy-duty engine or heavy-duty vehicle emission standards for one or more exhaust pollutants are...

49 CFR 325.59 - Measurement procedure; stationary test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

...) If the motor vehicle's engine radiator fan drive is equipped with a clutch or similar device that... minutes, to permit the engine radiator fan to automatically disengage when the vehicle's noise emissions...

75 FR 3183 - Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plan: Kentucky; Approval Section 110(a)(1...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-01-20

...) Federal motor vehicle control program; (2) fleet turnover of automobiles; (3) low reid vapor pressure of... vehicles standard; (6) large nonroad diesel engines rule; (7) nonroad spark ignition engines and recreational engines standard; (8) point source emission reductions; (9) Air Products and Chemicals -21-157...

NREL Bridges Fuels and Engines R&D to Maximize Vehicle Efficiency and

Science.gov Websites

innovation-from fuel chemistry, conversion, and combustion to the evaluation of advanced fuels in actual -cylinder engine for advanced compression ignition fuels research will be installed and commissioned in the vehicle performance and emissions research, two engine dynamometer test cells for advanced fuels research

40 CFR 1051.335 - How do I ask EPA to reinstate my suspended certificate?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... (CONTINUED) AIR POLLUTION CONTROLS CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM RECREATIONAL ENGINES AND VEHICLES Testing Production-Line Vehicles and Engines § 1051.335 How do I ask EPA to reinstate my suspended certificate? (a... the reason for noncompliance, propose a remedy for the engine family, and commit to a date for...

The Diesel as a Vehicle Engine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Neumann, Kurt

1928-01-01

The thorough investigation of a Dorner four-cylinder, four-stroke-cycle Diesel engine with mechanical injection led me to investigate more thoroughly the operation of the Diesel as a vehicle engine. Aside from the obvious need of reliability of functioning, a high rotative speed, light weight and economy in heat consumption per horsepower are also indispensable requirements.

40 CFR 86.091-2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... urban buses is the same as the useful life for other heavy heavy-duty diesel engines. [55 FR 30619, July... EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES General Provisions for Emission Regulations for 1977 and Later Model Year New Light-Duty Vehicles, Light-Duty Trucks and Heavy-Duty Engines, and for...

40 CFR 86.091-2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... urban buses is the same as the useful life for other heavy heavy-duty diesel engines. [55 FR 30619, July... EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES General Provisions for Emission Regulations for 1977 and Later Model Year New Light-Duty Vehicles, Light-Duty Trucks and Heavy-Duty Engines, and for...

40 CFR 86.091-2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... urban buses is the same as the useful life for other heavy heavy-duty diesel engines. [55 FR 30619, July... EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES General Provisions for Emission Regulations for 1977 and Later Model Year New Light-Duty Vehicles, Light-Duty Trucks and Heavy-Duty Engines, and for...

40 CFR 63.10685 - What are the requirements for the control of contaminants from scrap?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... not charge to a furnace metallic scrap that contains scrap from motor vehicle bodies, engine blocks... vehicle bodies, engine blocks, oil filters, oily turnings, machine shop borings, transformers or... restriction does not apply to any post-consumer engine blocks, post-consumer oil filters, or oily turnings...

40 CFR 63.10685 - What are the requirements for the control of contaminants from scrap?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... not charge to a furnace metallic scrap that contains scrap from motor vehicle bodies, engine blocks... vehicle bodies, engine blocks, oil filters, oily turnings, machine shop borings, transformers or... restriction does not apply to any post-consumer engine blocks, post-consumer oil filters, or oily turnings...

40 CFR 63.10685 - What are the requirements for the control of contaminants from scrap?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... not charge to a furnace metallic scrap that contains scrap from motor vehicle bodies, engine blocks... vehicle bodies, engine blocks, oil filters, oily turnings, machine shop borings, transformers or... restriction does not apply to any post-consumer engine blocks, post-consumer oil filters, or oily turnings...

A hypersonic research vehicle to develop scramjet engines

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gregorek, G. M.; Reuss, R. L.

1990-01-01

Four student design teams produced conceptual designs for a research vehicle to develop the supersonic combustion ramjet (scramjet) engines necessary for efficient hypersonic flight. This research aircraft would provide flight test data for prototype scramjets that is not available in groundbased test facilities. The design specifications call for a research aircraft to be launched from a carrier aircraft at 40,000 feet and a Mach number of 0.8. The aircraft must accelerate to Mach 6 while climbing to a 100,000 foot altitude and then ignite the experimental scramjet engines for acceleration to Mach 10. The research vehicle must then be recovered for another flight. The students responded with four different designs, two piloted waverider configurations, and two unmanned vehicles, one with a blended body-wing configuration, the other with a delta wing shape. All aircraft made use of an engine database provided by the General Electric Aircraft Engine Group; both turbofan ramjet and scramjet engine performance using liquid hydrogen fuel was available. Explained here are the students' conceptual designs and the aerodynamic and propulsion concepts that made their designs feasible.

Advanced Concept

NASA Image and Video Library

2003-12-01

This photo gives an overhead look at an RS-88 development rocket engine being test fired at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama, in support of the Pad Abort Demonstration (PAD) test flights for NASA's Orbital Space Plane (OSP). The tests could be instrumental in developing the first crew launch escape system in almost 30 years. Paving the way for a series of integrated PAD test flights, the engine tests support development of a system that could pull a crew safely away from danger during liftoff. A series of 16 hot fire tests of a 50,000-pound thrust RS-88 rocket engine were conducted, resulting in a total of 55 seconds of successful engine operation. The engine is being developed by the Rocketdyne Propulsion and Power unit of the Boeing Company. Integrated launch abort demonstration tests in 2005 will use four RS-88 engines to separate a test vehicle from a test platform, simulating pulling a crewed vehicle away from an aborted launch. Four 156-foot parachutes will deploy and carry the vehicle to landing. Lockheed Martin is building the vehicles for the PAD tests. Seven integrated tests are plarned for 2005 and 2006.

Advanced Concept

NASA Image and Video Library

2003-12-01

In this photo, an RS-88 development rocket engine is being test fired at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama, in support of the Pad Abort Demonstration (PAD) test flights for NASA's Orbital Space Plane (OSP). The tests could be instrumental in developing the first crew launch escape system in almost 30 years. Paving the way for a series of integrated PAD test flights, the engine tests support development of a system that could pull a crew safely away from danger during liftoff. A series of 16 hot fire tests of a 50,000-pound thrust RS-88 rocket engine were conducted, resulting in a total of 55 seconds of successful engine operation. The engine is being developed by the Rocketdyne Propulsion and Power unit of the Boeing Company. Integrated launch abort demonstration tests in 2005 will use four RS-88 engines to separate a test vehicle from a test platform, simulating pulling a crewed vehicle away from an aborted launch. Four 156-foot parachutes will deploy and carry the vehicle to landing. Lockheed Martin is building the vehicles for the PAD tests. Seven integrated tests are plarned for 2005 and 2006.

An Overview of Advanced Concepts for Space Access (Preprint)

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-06-19

One such technology is the pulsed detonation engine ( PDE ). PDEs are conceptually simple devices. Fuel and air are mixed in the closed end of a...to form air detonations that propel the vehicle. Two types of lightcraft engines have been examined using either simple laser-thermal or more complex... detonation waves to propel the vehicle has the advantage of not having to store fuel on-board the vehicle. However as the vehicle ascends, the air

Real-world exhaust temperature profiles of on-road heavy-duty diesel vehicles equipped with selective catalytic reduction.

PubMed

Boriboonsomsin, Kanok; Durbin, Thomas; Scora, George; Johnson, Kent; Sandez, Daniel; Vu, Alexander; Jiang, Yu; Burnette, Andrew; Yoon, Seungju; Collins, John; Dai, Zhen; Fulper, Carl; Kishan, Sandeep; Sabisch, Michael; Jackson, Doug

2018-09-01

On-road heavy-duty diesel vehicles are a major contributor of oxides of nitrogen (NO x ) emissions. In the US, many heavy-duty diesel vehicles employ selective catalytic reduction (SCR) technology to meet the 2010 emission standard for NO x . Typically, SCR needs to be at least 200°C before a significant level of NO x reduction is achieved. However, this SCR temperature requirement may not be met under some real-world operating conditions, such as during cold starts, long idling, or low speed/low engine load driving activities. The frequency of vehicle operation with low SCR temperature varies partly by the vehicle's vocational use. In this study, detailed vehicle and engine activity data were collected from 90 heavy-duty vehicles involved in a range of vocations, including line haul, drayage, construction, agricultural, food distribution, beverage distribution, refuse, public work, and utility repair. The data were used to create real-world SCR temperature and engine load profiles and identify the fraction of vehicle operating time that SCR may not be as effective for NO x control. It is found that the vehicles participated in this study operate with SCR temperature lower than 200°C for 11-70% of the time depending on their vocation type. This implies that real-world NO x control efficiency could deviate from the control efficiency observed during engine certification. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Dual throat engine design for a SSTO launch vehicle

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Obrien, C. J.; Salmon, J. W.

1980-01-01

A propulsion system analysis of a dual fuel, dual throat engine for launch vehicle application was conducted. Basic dual throat engine characterization data are presented to allow vehicle optimization studies to be conducted. A preliminary baseline engine system was defined. Dual throat engine performance, envelope, and weight parametric data were generated over the parametric range of thrust from 890 to 8896 KN (200K to 2M lb-force), chamber pressure from 6.89 million to 34.5 million N/sq m (1000 to 5000 psia) thrust ratio from 1.2 to 5, and a range of mixture ratios for the two tripropellant combinations: LO2/RP-1 + LH2 and LO2/LCH4 + LH2. The results of the study indicate that the dual fuel dual throat engine is a viable single stage to orbit candidate.

Application for certification 1980 model year light-duty vehicles - Audi

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars, light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines submits to EPA an application for certification. In the application, the manufacturer gives a detailed technical description of the vehicles or engines he intends to market during the upcoming model year. These engineering data include explanations and/or drawings which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems, and exhaust and evaporative emission control systems. It also provides information on emission test procedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be followed during testing. Section 16 of the applicationmore » contains the results of emission testing, a statement of compliance to the regulations, production engine parameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.« less

Application for certification, 1990 model-year light-duty vehicles - Audi

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars, light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines submits to EPA an application for certification. In the application, the manufacturer gives a detailed technical description of the vehicles or engines he intends to market during the upcoming model year. These engineering data include explanations and/or drawings which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems and exhaust and evaporative emission control systems. It also provides information on emission test procedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be followed during testing. Section 16 of the applicationmore » contains the results of emission testing, a statement of compliance to the regulations, production engine parameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.« less

Application for certification 1993 model year light-duty vehicles - Audi

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars, light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines submits to EPA an application for certification. In the application, the manufacturer gives a detailed technical description of the vehicles or engines he intends to market during the upcoming model year. These engineering data include explanations and/or drawings which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems and exhaust and evaporative emission control systems. It also provides information on emission test procedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be followed during testing. Section 16 of the applicationmore » contains the results of emission testing, a statement of compliance to the regulations, production engine parameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.« less

Application for certification, 1991 model-year light-duty vehicles - Audi

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars, light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines submits to EPA an application for certification. In the application, the manufacturer gives a detailed technical description of the vehicles or engines he intends to market during the upcoming model-year. These engineering data include explanations and/or drawings which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems and exhaust and evaporative emission control systems. It also provides information on emission test procedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be followed during testing. Section 16 of the application containsmore » the results of emission testing, a statement of compliance to the regulations, production engine parameters and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.« less

Application for certification 1981 model year light-duty vehicles - Audi

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars, light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines submits to EPA an application for certification. In the application, the manufacturer gives a detailed technical description of the vehicles or engines he intends to market during the upcoming model year. These engineering data include explanations and/or drawings which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems and exhaust and evaporative emission control systems. It also provides information on emission test procedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be followed during testing. Section 16 of the applicationmore » contains the results of emission testing, a statement of compliance to the regulations, production engine parameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.« less

Application for certification 1987 model year light-duty vehicles - Peugeot

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars, light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines submits to EPA an application for certification. In the application, the manufacturer gives a detailed technical description of the vehicles or engines he intends to market during the upcoming model year. The engineering data include explanations and/or drawings which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems and exhaust and evaporative emission control systems. They also provide information on emission test procedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be followed during testing. Section 16 of the applicationmore » contains the results of emission testing, a statement of compliance to the regulations, production engine parameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.« less

Application for certification 1981 model year light-duty vehicles - Peugeot

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars, light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines submits to EPA an application for certification. In the application, the manufacturer gives a detailed technical description of the vehicles or engines he intends to market during the upcoming model year. These engineering data include explanations and/or drawings which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems and exhaust and evaporative emission control systems. It also provides information on emission test procedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be followed during testing. Section 16 of the applicationmore » contains the results of emission testing, a statement of compliance to the regulations, production engine parameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.« less

Advanced Ceramics for NASA's Current and Future Needs

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jaskowiak, Martha H.

2006-01-01

Ceramic composites and monolithics are widely recognized by NASA as enabling materials for a variety of aerospace applications. Compared to traditional materials, ceramic materials offer higher specific strength which can enable lighter weight vehicle and engine concepts, increased payloads, and increased operational margins. Additionally, the higher temperature capabilities of these materials allows for increased operating temperatures within the engine and on the vehicle surfaces which can lead to improved engine efficiency and vehicle performance. To meet the requirements of the next generation of both rocket and air-breathing engines, NASA is actively pursuing the development and maturation of a variety of ceramic materials. Anticipated applications for carbide, nitride and oxide-based ceramics will be presented. The current status of these materials and needs for future goals will be outlined. NASA also understands the importance of teaming with other government agencies and industry to optimize these materials and advance them to the level of maturation needed for eventual vehicle and engine demonstrations. A number of successful partnering efforts with NASA and industry will be highlighted.

Two-stage earth-to-orbit vehicles with dual-fuel propulsion in the Orbiter

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Martin, J. A.

1982-01-01

Earth-to-orbit vehicle studies of future replacements for the Space Shuttle are needed to guide technology development. Previous studies that have examined single-stage vehicles have shown advantages for dual-fuel propulsion. Previous two-stage system studies have assumed all-hydrogen fuel for the Orbiters. The present study examined dual-fuel Orbiters and found that the system dry mass could be reduced with this concept. The possibility of staging the booster at a staging velocity low enough to allow coast-back to the launch site is shown to be beneficial, particularly in combination with a dual-fuel Orbiter. An engine evaluation indicated the same ranking of engines as did a previous single-stage study. Propane and RP-1 fuels result in lower vehicle dry mass than methane, and staged-combustion engines are preferred over gas-generator engines. The sensitivity to the engine selection is less for two-stage systems than for single-stage systems.

A comparison of exhaust emissions from vehicles fuelled with petrol, LPG and CNG

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bielaczyc, P.; Szczotka, A.; Woodburn, J.

2016-09-01

This paper presents an analysis of THC, NMHC, CO, NOx and CO2 emissions during testing of two bi-fuel vehicles, fuelled with petrol and gaseous fuels, on a chassis dynamometer in the context of the Euro 6 emissions requirements. The analyses were performed on one Euro 5 bi-fuel vehicle (petrol/LPG) and one Euro 5 bi-fuel vehicle (petrol/CNG), both with SI engines equipped with MPI feeding systems operating in closed-loop control, typical three-way-catalysts and heated oxygen sensors. The vehicles had been adapted by their manufacturers for fuelling with LPG or CNG by using additional special equipment mounted onto the existing petrol fuelling system. The vehicles tested featured multipoint gas injection systems. The aim of this paper was an analysis of the impact of the gaseous fuels on the exhaust emission in comparison to the emission of the vehicles fuelled with petrol. The tests subject to the analyses presented here were performed in the Engine Research Department of BOSMAL Automotive Research and Development Institute Ltd in Bielsko-Biala, Poland, within a research programme investigating the influence of alternative fuels on exhaust emissions from light duty vehicle vehicles with spark-ignition and compression-ignition engines.

40 CFR 86.1104-91 - Determination of upper limits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) Nonconformance Penalties for Gasoline-Fueled and Diesel Heavy-Duty Engines and Heavy-Duty Vehicles, Including... pollutant emission standard for a subclass of heavy-duty engines or heavy-duty vehicles for which an NCP is...

“Characterizing Factors Influencing SI Engine Transient Fuel Consumption for Vehicle Simulation in ALPHA,” SAE Technical Paper 2017-01-0533, 2017, doi:10.4271/2017-01-0533, Dekraker, P., Stuhldreher, M., Kim, Y. (SwRI).

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This paper examines a) typical transient engine operation encountered over the EPA city and highway drive cycles, b) EPA’s vehicle and engine testing to characterize that transient fuel usage, and c) changes made to ALPHA to better model transient engine

STV engine design considerations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1991-01-01

The topics covered include the following: (1) engine design criteria and issues; (2) design requirements for man rating; (3) test requirements for man rating; (4) design requirements for space basing; (5) engine operation requirements; (6) health monitoring; (7) lunar transfer vehicle (LTV) feed system; (8) lunar excursion vehicle (LEV) propellant system; (9) area ratio gimbal angle limits; (10) reaction control system; and (11) engine configuration and characteristics. This document is presented in viewgraph form.

Vehicle Systems Engineering and Integration Activities

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-08-31

of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering. Its objective is to fundamentally change the capabilities for the design...Reliability Improvements for Selected Equipment) package. The standard RISE package includes an upgraded propulsion system ( turbocharged engine and...component of the RISE powertrain incorporated into the original M113A3 and M730A2 vehicles is the turbocharged 275 hp 6V53T engine from Detroit Diesel

Saturn Apollo Program

NASA Image and Video Library

1965-03-04

Pictured is a J-2 engine being processed at Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC). A single J-2 engine was utilized on the S-IVB stage, the second stage of the Saturn IB and the third stage of the Saturn V vehicles, while a cluster of five J-2 engines powered the second (S-II) stage of the Saturn V launch vehicle. The Saturn V was designed, developed, and tested by engineers at MSFC.

Flight-vehicle structures education in the US: Assessment and recommendations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Noor, Ahmed K.

1987-01-01

An assessment is made of the technical contents of flight-vehicle structures curricula at 41 U.S. universities with accredited aerospace engineering programs. The assessment is based on the technical needs for new and projected aeronautical and space systems as well as on the likely characteristics of the aerospace engineering work environment. A number of deficiencies and areas of concern are identified and recommendations are presented for enhancing the effectiveness of flight-vehicle structures education. A number of government supported programs that can help aerospace engineering education are listed in the appendix.

Liquid Rocket Booster (LRB) for the Space Transportation System (STS) systems study. Appendix F: Performance and trajectory for ALS/LRB launch vehicles

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1989-01-01

By simply combining two baseline pump-fed LOX/RP-1 Liquid Rocket Boosters (LRBs) with the Denver core, a launch vehicle (Option 1 Advanced Launch System (ALS)) is obtained that can perform both the 28.5 deg (ALS) mission and the polar orbit ALS mission. The Option 2 LRB was obtained by finding the optimum LOX/LH2 engine for the STS/LRB reference mission (70.5 K lb payload). Then this engine and booster were used to estimate ALS payload for the 28.5 deg inclination ALS mission. Previous studies indicated that the optimum number of STS/LRB engines is four. When the engine/booster sizing was performed, each engine had 478 K lb sea level thrust and the booster carried 625,000 lb of useable propellant. Two of these LRBs combined with the Denver core provided a launch vehicle that meets the payload requirements for both the ALS and STS reference missions. The Option 3 LRB uses common engines for the cores and boosters. The booster engines do not have the nozzle extension. These engines were sized as common ALS engines. An ALS launch vehicle that has six core engines and five engines per booster provides 109,100 lb payload for the 28.5 deg mission. Each of these LOX/LH2 LRBs carries 714,100 lb of useable propellant. It is estimated that the STS/LRB reference mission payload would be 75,900 lb.

Automotive dual-mode hydrogen generation system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kelly, D. A.

The automotive dual mode hydrogen generation system is advocated as a supplementary hydrogen fuel means along with the current metallic hydride hydrogen storage method for vehicles. This system consists of utilizing conventional electrolysis cells with the low voltage dc electrical power supplied by two electrical generating sources within the vehicle. Since the automobile engine exhaust manifold(s) are presently an untapped useful source of thermal energy, they can be employed as the heat source for a simple heat engine/generator arrangement. The second, and minor electrical generating means consists of multiple, miniature air disk generators which are mounted directly under the vehicle's hood and at other convenient locations within the engine compartment. The air disk generators are revolved at a speed which is proportionate to the vehicles forward speed and do not impose a drag on the vehicles motion.

Wireless alerting system using vibration for vehicles dashboard

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Raj, Sweta; Rai, Shweta; Magaramagara, Wilbert; Sivacoumar, R.

2017-11-01

This paper aims at improving the engine life of any vehicle through a continuous measurement and monitoring of vital engine operational parameters and providing an effective alerting to drivers for any abnormality. Vehicles currently are using audio and visible alerting signals through alarms and light as a warning to the driver but these are not effective in noisy environments and during daylight. Through the use of the sense of feeling a driver can be alerted effectively. The need to no other vehicle parameter needs to be aided through the mobile display (phone).Thus a system is designed and implements to measure engine temperature, RPM, Oil level and Coolant level using appropriate sensors and a wireless communication (Bluetooth) is established to actuate a portable vibration control device and to read the different vehicle sensor readings through an android application for display and diagnosis.

Electrically heated particulate filter regeneration methods and systems for hybrid vehicles

DOEpatents

Gonze, Eugene V.; Paratore, Jr., Michael J.

2010-10-12

A control system for controlling regeneration of a particulate filter for a hybrid vehicle is provided. The system generally includes a regeneration module that controls current to the particulate filter to initiate regeneration. An engine control module controls operation of an engine of the hybrid vehicle based on the control of the current to the particulate filter.

Alternative Fuels Data Center: Light-Duty Vehicle Idle Reduction Strategies

Science.gov Websites

powered by lead-acid or lithium-ion batteries, are charged by the vehicle's engine when it is being driven and use battery power to run a vehicle's HVAC and other accessories without worrying about battery depletion. The systems monitor battery power levels while the engine is off and accessories powered by

What`s available in industrial vehicles

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Holzhauer, R.

A large assortment of material handling vehicles are available for transporting and lifting products. Equipment is offered with electric (battery) and internal combustion power, operator walking alongside or riding, and inside or outside applications. Factors such as load capacity, turning radius, aisle width, travel speed, lifting height, controls, and cost also enter the selection equation. The various types of vehicles serving the industrial truck market are broken into seven classes, according to guidelines established by the Industrial Truck Association (ITA). This association deals with issues of common interests to manufacturers of fork lifts, tow tractors, rough terrain vehicles, hand palletmore » trucks, automated guided vehicles, and their suppliers; develops voluntary engineering practices; and collects and disseminates statistical information relating to the industrial truck marketplace. The seven classes are: Electric Motor Rider Trucks; Electric Motor Narrow Aisle Trucks; Electric Motor Hand Trucks; Internal Combustion Engine Trucks, cushion tired; Internal Combustion Engine Trucks, pneumatic tired; Electric and Internal Combustion Engine Tractors; and Rough Terrain Fork Lift Trucks. The following pages present a descriptive and pictorial overview of the equipment available in the first five vehicle classes. The last two categories are not covered because of their limited industrial use.« less

Design Study of Propulsion and Drive Systems for the Large Civil TiltRotor (LCTR2) Rotorcraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Robuck, Mark; Wilkerson, Joseph; Zhang, Yiyi; Snyder, Christopher A.; Vonderwell, Daniel

2013-01-01

Boeing, Rolls Royce, and NASA have worked together to complete a parametric sizing study for NASA's Large Civil Tilt Rotor (LCTR2) concept 2nd iteration. Vehicle gross weight and fuel usage were evaluated as propulsion and drive system characteristics were varied to maximize the benefit of reduced rotor tip speed during cruise conditions. The study examined different combinations of engine and gearbox variability to achieve rotor cruise tip speed reductions down to 54% of the hover tip speed. Previous NASA studies identified that a 54% rotor speed reduction in cruise minimizes vehicle gross weight and fuel burn. The LCTR2 was the study baseline for initial sizing. This study included rotor tip speed ratios (cruise to hover) of 100%, 77% and 54% at different combinations of engine RPM and gearbox speed reductions, which were analyzed to achieve the lightest overall vehicle gross weight (GW) at the chosen rotor tip speed ratio. Different engine and gearbox technology levels are applied ranging from commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) engines and gearbox technology to entry-in-service (EIS) dates of 2025 and 2035 to assess the benefits of advanced technology on vehicle gross weight and fuel burn. Interim results were previously reported1. This technical paper extends that work and summarizes the final study results including additional engine and drive system study accomplishments. New vehicle sizing data is presented for engine performance at a single operating speed with a multispeed drive system. Modeling details for LCTR2 vehicle sizing and subject engine and drive sub-systems are presented as well. This study was conducted in support of NASA's Fundamental Aeronautics Program, Subsonic Rotary Wing Project.

Effective hydrogen generator testing for on-site small engine

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chaiwongsa, Praitoon; Pornsuwancharoen, Nithiroth; Yupapin, Preecha P.

2009-07-01

We propose a new concept of hydrogen generator testing for on-site small engine. In general, there is a trade-off between simpler vehicle design and infrastructure issues, for instance, liquid fuels such as gasoline and methanol for small engine use. In this article we compare the hydrogen gases combination the gasoline between normal systems (gasoline only) for small engine. The advantage of the hydrogen combines gasoline for small engine saving the gasoline 25%. Furthermore, the new concept of hydrogen combination for diesel engine, bio-diesel engine, liquid petroleum gas (LPG), natural gas vehicle (NGV), which is discussed in details.

Baseline automotive gas turbine engine development program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wagner, C. E. (Editor); Pampreen, R. C. (Editor)

1979-01-01

Tests results on a baseline engine are presented to document the automotive gas turbine state-of-the-art at the start of the program. The performance characteristics of the engine and of a vehicle powered by this engine are defined. Component improvement concepts in the baseline engine were evaluated on engine dynamometer tests in the complete vehicle on a chassis dynamometer and on road tests. The concepts included advanced combustors, ceramic regenerators, an integrated control system, low cost turbine material, a continuously variable transmission, power-turbine-driven accessories, power augmentation, and linerless insulation in the engine housing.

Assessing Rates of Global Warming Emissions from Port- Fuel Injection and Gasoline Direct Injection Engines in Light-Duty Passenger Vehicles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Short, D.; , D., Vi; Durbin, T.; Karavalakis, G.; Asa-Awuku, A. A.

2013-12-01

Passenger vehicles are known emitters of climate warming pollutants. CO2 from automobile emissions are an anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) and a large contributor to global warming. Worldwide, CO2 emissions from passenger vehicles are responsible for 11% of the total CO2 emissions inventory. Black Carbon (BC), another common vehicular emission, may be the second largest contributor to global warming (after CO2). Currently, 52% of BC emissions in the U.S are from the transportation sector, with ~10% originating from passenger vehicles. The share of pollutants from passenger gasoline vehicles is becoming larger due to the reduction of BC from diesel vehicles. Currently, the majority of gasoline passenger vehicles in the United States have port- fuel injection (PFI) engines. Gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines have increased fuel economy compared to the PFI engine. GDI vehicles are predicted to dominate the U.S. passenger vehicle market in the coming years. The method of gasoline injection into the combustion chamber is the primary difference between these two technologies, which can significantly impact primary emissions from light-duty vehicles (LDV). Our study will measure LDV climate warming emissions and assess the impact on climate due to the change in U.S vehicle technologies. Vehicles were tested on a light- duty chassis dynamometer for emissions of CO2, methane (CH4), and BC. These emissions were measured on F3ederal and California transient test cycles and at steady-state speeds. Vehicles used a gasoline blend of 10% by volume ethanol (E10). E10 fuel is now found in 95% of gasoline stations in the U.S. Data is presented from one GDI and one PFI vehicle. The 2012 Kia Optima utilizes GDI technology and has a large market share of the total GDI vehicles produced in the U.S. In addition, The 2012 Toyota Camry, equipped with a PFI engine, was the most popular vehicle model sold in the U.S. in 2012. Methane emissions were ~50% lower for the GDI technology. While BC emissions were 96% higher for the GDI technology. The GDI technology had a smaller effect on CO2 emissions with a 4% rise compared to the other emissions. Additional results will discuss the emission rates converted to reflect total yearly passenger vehicular emissions in the U.S. Overall, the results show increases of global warming emissions from GDI passenger vehicle technology.

Electric vehicle life cycle cost analysis : final research project report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-02-01

This project compared total life cycle costs of battery electric vehicles (BEV), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV), hybrid electric vehicles (HEV), and vehicles with internal combustion engines (ICE). The analysis considered capital and operati...

40 CFR 86.095-35 - Labeling.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...: “This engine has been certified to meet U.S. EPA standards for a useful-life period of XXX miles or XXX... statement: “This engine has a primary intended service application as a XXX heavy-duty engine.” (The primary... regulations which apply to XXX-fueled heavy-duty vehicles. (F) Vehicles granted final admission under § 85...

40 CFR 86.091-7 - Maintenance of records; submittal of information; right of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... certification testing, to translation of designs from the test stage to the production stage, or to vehicle (or...) In the case where a current production engine is modified for use in a certification vehicle (or as a... from a current production engine, a general description of the buildup of the engine (e.g...

40 CFR 610.16 - Applicant's responsibilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... operation. (2) Vehicles or engines to which the device is applicable and a description of the types of vehicles or engines to which it is not applicable, e.g., would not provide a benefit, a benefit less than claimed for the device in general, or would result in a safety hazard or damage to the engine. If the...

40 CFR 610.16 - Applicant's responsibilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... operation. (2) Vehicles or engines to which the device is applicable and a description of the types of vehicles or engines to which it is not applicable, e.g., would not provide a benefit, a benefit less than claimed for the device in general, or would result in a safety hazard or damage to the engine. If the...

40 CFR 610.16 - Applicant's responsibilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... operation. (2) Vehicles or engines to which the device is applicable and a description of the types of vehicles or engines to which it is not applicable, e.g., would not provide a benefit, a benefit less than claimed for the device in general, or would result in a safety hazard or damage to the engine. If the...

40 CFR 610.16 - Applicant's responsibilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... operation. (2) Vehicles or engines to which the device is applicable and a description of the types of vehicles or engines to which it is not applicable, e.g., would not provide a benefit, a benefit less than claimed for the device in general, or would result in a safety hazard or damage to the engine. If the...

Clean-Burning Diesel Engines.

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-12-01

AFLRL No. 178 By oi Harry E. Dietzmann ,< Engines, Emissions.and Vehicle Research Division Southwest Research Institute San Antonio, Texas Prppared...the possibility of replacing the currently used electric forklift with diesel engine-powered forklifts in handling hazardous materials. Electric ...concern; however, these concerns may be amplified when the vehicle is operating under a malfunction mode. Malfunctions include simulating a plugged

40 CFR 86.007-15 - NOX and particulate averaging, trading, and banking for heavy-duty engines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

..., and banking for heavy-duty engines. 86.007-15 Section 86.007-15 Protection of Environment... Light-Duty Vehicles, Light-Duty Trucks and Heavy-Duty Engines, and for 1985 and Later Model Year New Gasoline Fueled, Natural Gas-Fueled, Liquefied Petroleum Gas-Fueled and Methanol-Fueled Heavy-Duty Vehicles...

75 FR 67059 - Public Hearings for Greenhouse Gas Emissions Standards and Fuel Efficiency Standards for Medium...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-01

... Greenhouse Gas Emissions Standards and Fuel Efficiency Standards for Medium- and Heavy-Duty Engines and... for Medium- and Heavy-Duty Engines and Vehicles,'' which will be published in the near future in the... Medium- and Heavy-Duty Engines and Vehicles.'' These hearings also offer an opportunity for the public to...

40 CFR 1051.135 - How must I label and identify the vehicles I produce?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... (CONTINUED) AIR POLLUTION CONTROLS CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM RECREATIONAL ENGINES AND VEHICLES Emission... (such as California standards). You may also add other information to ensure that the engine will be...

77 FR 65767 - Petition for Exemption From the Federal Motor Vehicle Theft Prevention Standard; Chrysler

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-30

... (RFHM), Ignition Node Module (IGNM), Engine Control Module, Body Controller Module, Sentry Key... disable engine operation and immobilize the vehicle after two seconds of running. This process is also...

Development of CFD model for augmented core tripropellant rocket engine

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jones, Kenneth M.

1994-10-01

The Space Shuttle era has made major advances in technology and vehicle design to the point that the concept of a single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) vehicle appears more feasible. NASA presently is conducting studies into the feasibility of certain advanced concept rocket engines that could be utilized in a SSTO vehicle. One such concept is a tripropellant system which burns kerosene and hydrogen initially and at altitude switches to hydrogen. This system will attain a larger mass fraction because LOX-kerosene engines have a greater average propellant density and greater thrust-to-weight ratio. This report describes the investigation to model the tripropellant augmented core engine. The physical aspects of the engine, the CFD code employed, and results of the numerical model for a single modular thruster are discussed.

Investigation of diesel-powered vehicle emissions. Part VII. Final report Jun 74--Nov 76

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Springer, K.J.

Five light duty diesel vehicles and five heavy duty diesel engines were tested over various test cycles for both regulated and unregulated emissions. A Mercedes 220 D, Mercedes 240 D, Mercedes 300 D, Peugeot 2040, and an International Harvester pick-up truck with a Perkins 6-247 engine were the light duty diesel vehicles tested. The heavy duty diesels included a Detroit Diesel 6V-71 city bus engine with two injector designs, a Cummins NTC-290 truck engine operated with and without variable timing, and a Detroit Diesel 8V-71TA truck engine. Emissions measured included HC, CO, NOx, CO2, smoke, aldehydes, exhaust odor, benzo (a)more » pyrene, sulfate, sulfur dioxide, and particulate mass.« less

Analysis of possibilities of waste heat recovery in off-road vehicles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wojciechowski, K. T.; Zybala, R.; Leszczynski, J.; Nieroda, P.; Schmidt, M.; Merkisz, J.; Lijewski, P.; Fuc, P.

2012-06-01

The paper presents the preliminary results of the waste heat recovery investigations for an agricultural tractor engine (7.4 dm3) and excavator engine (7.2 dm3) in real operating conditions. The temperature of exhaust gases and exhaust mass flow rate has been measured by precise portable exhaust emissions analyzer SEMTECH DS (SENSORS Inc.). The analysis shows that engines of tested vehicles operate approximately at constant speed and load. The average temperature of exhaust gases is in the range from 300 to 400 °C for maximum gas mass flows of 1100 kg/h and 1400 kg/h for tractor and excavator engine respectively. Preliminary tests show that application of TEGs in tested off-road vehicles offers much more beneficial conditions for waste heat recovery than in case of automotive engines.

Access to space

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

1994-07-01

The goal of this conceptual design was to devise a reusable, commercially viable, single-stage-to-orbit vehicle. The vehicle has the ability to deliver a 9100 kg (20,000 lb) payload to a low earth orbit of 433 km to 933 km (250 n.mi. - 450 n.mi.). The SSTO vehicle is 51 meters in length and has a gross takeoff mass of 680,400 kg (1,500,000 lb). The vehicle incorporates three RD-701 engines for the main propulsion system and two RL-10 engines for the orbital maneuvering system. The vehicle is designed for a three day stay on orbit with two crew members.

System and method of vehicle operating condition management

DOEpatents

Sujan, Vivek A.; Vajapeyazula, Phani; Follen, Kenneth; Wu, An; Moffett, Barty L.

2015-10-20

A vehicle operating condition profile can be determined over a given route while also considering imposed constraints such as deviation from time targets, deviation from maximum governed speed limits, etc. Given current vehicle speed, engine state and transmission state, the present disclosure optimally manages the engine map and transmission to provide a recommended vehicle operating condition that optimizes fuel consumption in transitioning from one vehicle state to a target state. Exemplary embodiments provide for offline and online optimizations relative to fuel consumption. The benefit is increased freight efficiency in transporting cargo from source to destination by minimizing fuel consumption and maintaining drivability.

Access to space

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1994-01-01

The goal of this conceptual design was to devise a reusable, commercially viable, single-stage-to-orbit vehicle. The vehicle has the ability to deliver a 9100 kg (20,000 lb) payload to a low earth orbit of 433 km to 933 km (250 n.mi. - 450 n.mi.). The SSTO vehicle is 51 meters in length and has a gross takeoff mass of 680,400 kg (1,500,000 lb). The vehicle incorporates three RD-701 engines for the main propulsion system and two RL-10 engines for the orbital maneuvering system. The vehicle is designed for a three day stay on orbit with two crew members.

Hybrid powertrain controller

DOEpatents

Jankovic, Miroslava; Powell, Barry Kay

2000-12-26

A hybrid powertrain for a vehicle comprising a diesel engine and an electric motor in a parallel arrangement with a multiple ratio transmission located on the torque output side of the diesel engine, final drive gearing connecting drivably the output shaft of transmission to traction wheels of the vehicle, and an electric motor drivably coupled to the final drive gearing. A powertrain controller schedules fuel delivered to the diesel engine and effects a split of the total power available, a portion of the power being delivered by the diesel and the balance of the power being delivered by the motor. A shifting schedule for the multiple ratio transmission makes it possible for establishing a proportional relationship between accelerator pedal movement and torque desired at the wheels. The control strategy for the powertrain maintains drivability of the vehicle that resembles drivability of a conventional spark ignition vehicle engine powertrain while achieving improved fuel efficiency and low exhaust gas emissions.

Heavy Vehicle Propulsion System Materials Program Semiannual Progress Report for April 2000 Through September 2000

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Johnson, DR

2000-12-11

The purpose of the Heavy Vehicle Propulsion System Materials Program is the development of materials: ceramics, intermetallics, metal alloys, and metal and ceramic coatings, to support the dieselization of class 1-3 trucks to realize a 35% fuel-economy improvement over current gasoline-fueled trucks and to support commercialization of fuel-flexible LE-55 low-emissions, high-efficiency diesel engines for class 7-8 trucks. The Office of Transportation Technologies, Office of Heavy Vehicle Technologies (OTT OHVT) has an active program to develop the technology for advantages LE-55 diesel engines with 55% efficiency and low emissions levels of 2.0 g/bhp-h NOx and 0.05 g/bhp-h particulates. The goal ismore » also for the LE-55 engine to run on natural gas with efficiency approaching that of diesel fuel. The LE-55 program is being completed in FY 1997 and, after approximately 10 years of effort, has largely met the program goals of 55% efficiency and low emissions. However, the commercialization of the LE-55 technology requires more durable materials than those that have been used to demonstrate the goals. Heavy Vehicle Propulsion System Materials will, in concert with the heavy duty diesel engine companies, develop the durable materials required to commercialize the LE-55 technologies. OTT OHVT also recognizes a significant opportunity for reduction in petroleum consumption by dieselization of pickup trucks, vans, and sport utility vehicles. Application of the diesel engine to class 1, 2, and 3 trucks is expected to yield a 35% increase in fuel economy per vehicle. The foremost barrier to diesel use in this market is emission control. Once an engine is made certifiable, subsequent challenges will be in cost; noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH); and performance. The design of advanced components for high-efficiency diesel engines has, in some cases, pushed the performance envelope for materials of construction past the point of reliable operation. Higher mechanical and tribological stresses and higher temperatures of advanced designs limit the engine designer; advanced materials allow the design of components that may operate reliably at higher stresses and temperatures, thus enabling more efficient engine designs. Advanced materials also offer the opportunity to improve the emissions, NVH, and performance of diesel engines for pickup trucks, vans, and sport utility vehicles.« less

The common engine concept for ALS application - A cost reduction approach

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bair, E. K.; Schindler, C. M.

1989-01-01

Future launch systems require the application of propulsion systems which have been designed and developed to meet mission model needs while providing high degrees of reliability and cost effectiveness. Vehicle configurations which utilize different propellant combinations for booster and core stages can benefit from a common engine approach where a single engine design can be configured to operate on either set of propellants and thus serve as either a booster or core engine. Engine design concepts and mission application for a vehicle employing a common engine are discussed. Engine program cost estimates were made and cost savings, over the design and development of two unique engines, estimated.

Design and analysis report for the RL10-2B breadboard low thrust engine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Brown, J. R.; Foust, R. R.; Galler, D. E.; Kanic, P. G.; Kmiec, T. D.; Limerick, C. D.; Peckham, R. J.; Swartwout, T.

1984-01-01

The breadboard low thrust RL10-2B engine is described. A summary of the analysis and design effort to define the multimode thrust concept applicable to the requirements for the upper stage vehicles is provided. Baseline requirements were established for operation of the RL10-2B engine under the following conditions: (1) tank head idle at low propellant tank pressures without vehicle propellant conditioning or settling thrust; (2) pumped idle at a ten percent thrust level for low G deployment and/or vehicle tank pressurization; and (3) full thrust (15,000 lb.). Several variations of the engine configuration were investigated and results of the analyses are included.

Vehicle Systems Engineering and Integration Activities - Phase 5

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-08-31

and Engineering. Its objective is to fundamentally change the capabilities for the design, adaptation, and manufacture of defense systems. Recent...package. The standard RISE package includes an upgraded propulsion system ( turbocharged engine and new transmission), greatly improved driver...original M113A3 and M730A2 vehicles is the turbocharged 275 hp 6V53T engine from Detroit Diesel Corporation. Replacing the earlier 212 hp M113A2

Application for certification, 1988 model year light-duty vehicles - Volkswagen, Audi

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars, light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines submits to EPA an application for certification. In the application, the manufacturer gives a detailed technical description of the vehicles or engines he intends to market during the upcoming model year. These engineering data include explanations and/or drawings which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems, and exhaust and evaporative emission-control systems. Information is also provided on emission test procedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be followed during testing. Section 16 of the application containsmore » the results of emission testing, a statement of compliance to the regulations, production engine parameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.« less

Application for certification, 1986 model year light-duty vehicles - Volkswagen/Audi

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars, light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines submits to EPA an application for certification. In the application, the manufacturer gives a detailed technical description of the vehicles or engines he intends to market during the upcoming model year. These engineering data include explanations and/or drawings which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems and exhaust and evaporative emission control systems. It also provides information on emission test procedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be followed during testing. Section 16 of the applicationmore » contains the results of emission testing, a statement of compliance to the regulations, production engine parameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.« less

Application for certification, 1992 model-year light-duty vehicles - Grumman Olson

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1991-01-01

Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars, light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines submits to EPA an application for certification. In the application, the manufacturer gives a detailed technical description of the vehicles or engines that he intends to market during the upcoming model year. These engineering data include explanations and/or drawings which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems and exhaust and evaporative emission control systems. It also provides information on emission test procedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be followed during testing. Section 16 of themore » application contains the results of emission testing, a statement of compliance to the regulations, production engine parameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.« less

Application for certification, 1990 model-year light-duty vehicles - US Technical Research Company (Peugeot)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars, light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines submits to EPA an application for certification. In the application, the manufacturer gives a detailed technical description of the vehicles or engines he intends to market during the upcoming model year. These engineering data include explanations and/or drawings which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems and exhaust and evaporative emission control systems. It also provides information on emission test procedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be followed during testing. Section 16 of the applicationmore » contains the results of emission testing, a statement of compliance to the regulations, production engine parameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.« less

Application for certification, 1989 model year light-duty vehicles - US Technical Research Company (Peugeot)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars, light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines submits to EPA an application for certification. In the application, the manufacturer gives a detailed technical description of the vehicles or engines he intends to market during the upcoming model year. These engineering data include explanations and/or drawings which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems and exhaust and evaporative emission control systems. It also provides information on emission test procedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be followed during testing. Section 16 of the applicationmore » contains the results of emission testing, a statement of compliance to the regulations, production engine parameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.« less

In-Cabin Air Quality during Driving and Engine Idling in Air-Conditioned Private Vehicles in Hong Kong.

PubMed

Barnes, Natasha Maria; Ng, Tsz Wai; Ma, Kwok Keung; Lai, Ka Man

2018-03-27

Many people spend lengthy periods each day in enclosed vehicles in Hong Kong. However, comparably limited data is available about in-cabin air quality in air-conditioned private vehicles, and the car usage that may affect the air quality. Fifty-one vehicles were tested for particulate matter (PM 0.3 and PM 2.5 ), total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO₂), airborne bacteria, and fungi levels during their routine travel journey. Ten of these vehicles were further examined for PM 0.3 , PM 2.5 , TVOCs, CO, and CO₂ during engine idling. In general, during driving PM 2.5 levels in-cabin reduced overtime, but not PM 0.3 . For TVOCs, 24% vehicles exceeded the recommended Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) level in offices and public places set by the Hong Kong Environmental Protection Department. The total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) concentration positively correlated with the age of the vehicle. Carbon monoxide (CO) levels in all of the vehicles were lower than the IAQ recommendation, while 96% vehicles exceeded the recommended CO₂ level of 1000 ppmv; 16% vehicles >5000 ppmv. Microbial counts were relatively low. TVOCs levels at idle engine were higher than that during driving. Although the time we spend in vehicles is short, the potential exposure to high levels of pollutants should not be overlooked.

In-Cabin Air Quality during Driving and Engine Idling in Air-Conditioned Private Vehicles in Hong Kong

PubMed Central

Barnes, Natasha Maria; Ng, Tsz Wai; Ma, Kwok Keung; Lai, Ka Man

2018-01-01

Many people spend lengthy periods each day in enclosed vehicles in Hong Kong. However, comparably limited data is available about in-cabin air quality in air-conditioned private vehicles, and the car usage that may affect the air quality. Fifty-one vehicles were tested for particulate matter (PM0.3 and PM2.5), total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), airborne bacteria, and fungi levels during their routine travel journey. Ten of these vehicles were further examined for PM0.3, PM2.5, TVOCs, CO, and CO2 during engine idling. In general, during driving PM2.5 levels in-cabin reduced overtime, but not PM0.3. For TVOCs, 24% vehicles exceeded the recommended Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) level in offices and public places set by the Hong Kong Environmental Protection Department. The total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) concentration positively correlated with the age of the vehicle. Carbon monoxide (CO) levels in all of the vehicles were lower than the IAQ recommendation, while 96% vehicles exceeded the recommended CO2 level of 1000 ppmv; 16% vehicles >5000 ppmv. Microbial counts were relatively low. TVOCs levels at idle engine were higher than that during driving. Although the time we spend in vehicles is short, the potential exposure to high levels of pollutants should not be overlooked. PMID:29584686

Hydrogen-fueled postal vehicle performance evaluation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hall, R. A.

1979-01-01

Fuel consumption, range, and emissions data were obtained while operating a hydrogen-fueled postal delivery vehicle over a defined Postal Service Driving Cycle and the 1975 Urban Driving Cycle. The vehicle's fuel consumption was 0.366 pounds of hydrogen per mile over the postal driving cycle and 0.22 pounds of hydrogen per mile over the urban driving cycle. These data correspond to 6.2 and 10.6 mpg equivalent gasoline mileage for the two driving cycles, respectively. The vehicle's range was 24.2 miles while being operated on the postal driving cycle. Vehicle emissions were measured over the urban driving cycle. HC and CO emissions were quite low, as would be expected. The oxides of nitrogen were found to be 4.86 gm/mi, a value which is well above the current Federal and California standards. Vehicle limitations discussed include excessive engine flashbacks, inadequate acceleration capability the engine air/fuel ratio, the water injection systems, and the cab temperature. Other concerns are safety considerations, iron-titanium hydride observed in the fuel system, evidence of water in the engine rocker cover, and the vehicle maintenance required during the evaluation.

Conceptual design study of an improved gas turbine powertrain

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chapman, W. I.

1980-01-01

The conceptual design for an improved gas turbine (IGT) powertrain and vehicle was investigated. Cycle parameters, rotor systems, and component technology were reviewed and a dual rotor gas turbine concept was selected and optimized for best vehicle fuel economy. The engine had a two stage centrifugal compressor with a design pressure ratio of 5.28, two axial turbine stages with advanced high temperature alloy integral wheels, variable power turbine nozzle for turbine temperature and output torque control, catalytic combustor, and annular ceramic recuperator. The engine was rated at 54.81 kW, using water injection on hot days to maintain vehicle acceleration. The estimated vehicle fuel economy was 11.9 km/l in the combined driving cycle, 43 percent over the 1976 compact automobile. The estimated IGT production vehicle selling price was 10 percent over the comparable piston engine vehicle, but the improved fuel economy and reduced maintenance and repair resulted in a 9 percent reduction in life cycle cost.

Automotive fuel economy and emissions program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dowdy, M. W.; Baisley, R. L.

1978-01-01

Experimental data were generated to support an assessment of the relationship between automobile fuel economy and emissions control systems. Tests were made at both the engine and vehicle levels. Detailed investigations were made on cold-start emissions devices, exhaust gas recirculation systems, and air injection reactor systems. Based on the results of engine tests, an alternative emission control system and modified control strategy were implemented and tested in the vehicle. With the same fuel economy and NOx emissions as the stock vehicle, the modified vehicle reduced HC and CO emissions by about 20 percent. By removing the NOx emissions constraint, the modified vehicle demonstrated about 12 percent better fuel economy than the stock vehicle.

Technical engineering services in support of the Nike-Tomahawk sounding rocket vehicle system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1972-01-01

Task assignments in support of the Nike-Tomahawk vehicles, which were completed from May, 1970 through November 1972 are reported. The services reported include: analytical, design and drafting, fabrication and modification, and field engineering.

The Role of Formal Experiment Design in Hypersonic Flight System Technology Development

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

McClinton, Charles R.; Ferlemann, Shelly M.; Rock, Ken E.; Ferlemann, Paul G.

2002-01-01

Hypersonic airbreathing engine (scramjet) powered vehicles are being considered to replace conventional rocket-powered launch systems. Effective utilization of scramjet engines requires careful integration with the air vehicle. This integration synergistically combines aerodynamic forces with propulsive cycle functions of the engine. Due to the highly integrated nature of the hypersonic vehicle design problem, the large flight envelope, and the large number of design variables, the use of a statistical design approach in design is effective. Modern Design-of-Experiments (MDOE) has been used throughout the Hyper-X program, for both systems analysis and experimental testing. Application of MDOE fall into four categories: (1) experimental testing; (2) studies of unit phenomena; (3) refining engine design; and (4) full vehicle system optimization. The MDOE process also provides analytical models, which are also used to document lessons learned, supplement low-level design tools, and accelerate future studies. This paper will discuss the design considerations for scramjet-powered vehicles, specifics of MDOE utilized for Hyper-X, and present highlights from the use of these MDOE methods within the Hyper-X Program.

Advanced propulsion system for hybrid vehicles

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Norrup, L. V.; Lintz, A. T.

1980-01-01

A number of hybrid propulsion systems were evaluated for application in several different vehicle sizes. A conceptual design was prepared for the most promising configuration. Various system configurations were parametrically evaluated and compared, design tradeoffs performed, and a conceptual design produced. Fifteen vehicle/propulsion systems concepts were parametrically evaluated to select two systems and one vehicle for detailed design tradeoff studies. A single hybrid propulsion system concept and vehicle (five passenger family sedan)were selected for optimization based on the results of the tradeoff studies. The final propulsion system consists of a 65 kW spark-ignition heat engine, a mechanical continuously variable traction transmission, a 20 kW permanent magnet axial-gap traction motor, a variable frequency inverter, a 386 kg lead-acid improved state-of-the-art battery, and a transaxle. The system was configured with a parallel power path between the heat engine and battery. It has two automatic operational modes: electric mode and heat engine mode. Power is always shared between the heat engine and battery during acceleration periods. In both modes, regenerative braking energy is absorbed by the battery.

Quantitative Analysis of a Hybrid Electric HMMWV for Fuel Economy Improvement

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-05-01

HMMWV of equivalent size. Hybrid vehicle powertrains show improved fuel economy gains due to optimized engine operation and regenerative braking . In... regenerative braking . Validated vehicle models as well as data collected on test tracks are used in the quantitative analysis. The regenerative braking ...hybrid electric vehicle, drive cycle, fuel economy, engine efficiency, regenerative braking . 1 Introduction The US Army (Tank Automotive