Development and Evaluation of a Performance Modeling Flight Test Approach Based on Quasi Steady-State Maneuvers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Yechout, T. R.; Braman, K. B.

1984-01-01

The development, implementation and flight test evaluation of a performance modeling technique which required a limited amount of quasisteady state flight test data to predict the overall one g performance characteristics of an aircraft. The concept definition phase of the program include development of: (1) the relationship for defining aerodynamic characteristics from quasi steady state maneuvers; (2) a simplified in flight thrust and airflow prediction technique; (3) a flight test maneuvering sequence which efficiently provided definition of baseline aerodynamic and engine characteristics including power effects on lift and drag; and (4) the algorithms necessary for cruise and flight trajectory predictions. Implementation of the concept include design of the overall flight test data flow, definition of instrumentation system and ground test requirements, development and verification of all applicable software and consolidation of the overall requirements in a flight test plan.

Toward a Definition of the Engineering Method.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Koen, Billy Vaughn

1984-01-01

Defines the engineering method by: (1) giving a preliminary definition and examples of its essential term (heuristics); (2) comparing the definition to a popular alternative; and (3) presenting a simple form of the definition. This definition states that the engineering method is the use of engineering heuristics. (JN)

Definition, technology readiness, and development cost of the orbit transfer vehicle engine integrated control and health monitoring system elements

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cannon, I.; Balcer, S.; Cochran, M.; Klop, J.; Peterson, S.

1991-01-01

An Integrated Control and Health Monitoring (ICHM) system was conceived for use on a 20 Klb thrust baseline Orbit Transfer Vehicle (OTV) engine. Considered for space used, the ICHM was defined for reusability requirements for an OTV engine service free life of 20 missions, with 100 starts and a total engine operational time of 4 hours. Functions were derived by flowing down requirements from NASA guidelines, previous OTV engine or ICHM documents, and related contracts. The elements of an ICHM were identified and listed, and these elements were described in sufficient detail to allow estimation of their technology readiness levels. These elements were assessed in terms of technology readiness level, and supporting rationale for these assessments presented. The remaining cost for development of a minimal ICHM system to technology readiness level 6 was estimated. The estimates are within an accuracy range of minus/plus 20 percent. The cost estimates cover what is needed to prepare an ICHM system for use on a focussed testbed for an expander cycle engine, excluding support to the actual test firings.

Advanced Gas Turbine (AGT) powertrain system development for automotive applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1984-01-01

Rotor dynamic instability investigations were conducted. Forward ball bearing hydraulic mount configurations were tested with little effect. Trial assembly of S/N 002 ceramic engine was initiated. Impeller design activities were completed on the straight line element (SLE) blade definition to address near-net-shape powder metal die forging. Performance characteristics of the Baseline Test 2A impeller were closely preserved. The modified blading design has been released for tooling procurement. Developmental testing of the diffusion flame combustor (DFC) for initial use in the S/N 002 2100 F ceramic structures engine was completed. A natural gas slave preheater was designed and fabricated. Preliminary regenerator static seal rig testing showed a significant reduction in leakage and sensitivity to stack height. Ceramic screening tests were completed and two complete sets of ceramic static structures were qualified for engine testing. Efforts on rotor dynamics development to resolve subsynchronous motion were continued.

Advanced automotive diesel assessment program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sekar, R.; Tozzi, L.

1983-01-01

Cummins Engine Company completed an analytical study to identify an advanced automotive (light duty) diesel (AAD) power plant for a 3,000-pound passenger car. The study resulted in the definition of a revolutionary diesel engine with several novel features. A 3,000-pound car with this engine is predicted to give 96.3, 72.2, and 78.8 MPG in highway, city, and combined highway-city driving, respectively. This compares with current diesel powered cars yielding 41.7, 35.0, and 37.7 MPG. The time for 0-60 MPH acceleration is 13.9 sec. compared to the baseline of 15.2 sec. Four technology areas were identified as crucial in bringing this concept to fruition. They are: (1) part-load preheating, (2) positive displacement compounding, (3) spark assisted diesel combustion system, and (4) piston development for adiabatic, oilless diesel engine. Marketing and planning studies indicate that an aggressive program with significant commitment could result in a production car in 10 years from the date of commencement.

J-2X Abort System Development

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Santi, Louis M.; Butas, John P.; Aguilar, Robert B.; Sowers, Thomas S.

2008-01-01

The J-2X is an expendable liquid hydrogen (LH2)/liquid oxygen (LOX) gas generator cycle rocket engine that is currently being designed as the primary upper stage propulsion element for the new NASA Ares vehicle family. The J-2X engine will contain abort logic that functions as an integral component of the Ares vehicle abort system. This system is responsible for detecting and responding to conditions indicative of impending Loss of Mission (LOM), Loss of Vehicle (LOV), and/or catastrophic Loss of Crew (LOC) failure events. As an earth orbit ascent phase engine, the J-2X is a high power density propulsion element with non-negligible risk of fast propagation rate failures that can quickly lead to LOM, LOV, and/or LOC events. Aggressive reliability requirements for manned Ares missions and the risk of fast propagating J-2X failures dictate the need for on-engine abort condition monitoring and autonomous response capability as well as traditional abort agents such as the vehicle computer, flight crew, and ground control not located on the engine. This paper describes the baseline J-2X abort subsystem concept of operations, as well as the development process for this subsystem. A strategy that leverages heritage system experience and responds to an evolving engine design as well as J-2X specific test data to support abort system development is described. The utilization of performance and failure simulation models to support abort system sensor selection, failure detectability and discrimination studies, decision threshold definition, and abort system performance verification and validation is outlined. The basis for abort false positive and false negative performance constraints is described. Development challenges associated with information shortfalls in the design cycle, abort condition coverage and response assessment, engine-vehicle interface definition, and abort system performance verification and validation are also discussed.

Joint Air-to-Surface Standoff Missile (JASSM)

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-12-01

LRIP Decision/Contract Award JAN 2001 JAN 2001 JAN 2002 DEC 2001 Lot II Contract Award JAN 2002 JAN 2002 JAN 2003 NOV 2002 RAA /B-52 SEP 2002 SEP 2002...SEP 2003 SEP 2003 Milestone III OCT 2003 OCT 2003 JUL 2004 APR 2004 RAA /F-16 DEC 2003 DEC 2003 DEC 2004 DEC 2004 IOC/F/A-18 E/F JUN 2009 N/A N/A N/A...Engineering and Manufacturing Development PDRR - Program Definition and Risk Reduction RAA - Required Assets Available JASSM-ER Milestones SAR Baseline Prod

Remission in systemic lupus erythematosus: durable remission is rare.

PubMed

Wilhelm, Theresa R; Magder, Laurence S; Petri, Michelle

2017-03-01

Remission is the ultimate goal in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In this study, we applied four definitions of remission agreed on by an international collaboration (Definitions of Remission in SLE, DORIS) to a large clinical cohort to estimate rates and predictors of remission. We applied the DORIS definitions of Clinical Remission, Complete Remission (requiring negative serologies), Clinical Remission on treatment (ROT) and Complete ROT. 2307 patients entered the cohort from 1987 to 2014 and were seen at least quarterly. Patients not in remission at cohort entry were followed prospectively. We used the Kaplan-Meier approach to estimate the time to remission and the time from remission to relapse. Cox regression was used to identify baseline factors associated with time to remission, adjusting for baseline disease activity and baseline treatment. The median time to remission was 8.7, 11.0, 1.8 and 3.1 years for Clinical Remission, Complete Remission, Clinical ROT and Complete ROT, respectively. High baseline treatment was the major predictor of a longer time to remission, followed by high baseline activity. The median duration of remission for all definitions was 3 months. African-American ethnicity, baseline low C3 and baseline haematological activity were associated with longer time to remission for all definitions. Baseline anti-dsDNA and baseline low C4 were associated with longer time to Complete Remission and Complete ROT. Baseline low C4 was also negatively associated with Clinical Remission. Our results provide further insights into the frequency and duration of remission in SLE and call attention to the major role of baseline activity and baseline treatment in predicting remission. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/.

Orbital Maneuvering system design evolution

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gibson, C.; Humphries, C.

1985-01-01

Preliminary design considerations and changes made in the baseline space shuttle orbital maneuvering system (OMS) to reduce cost and weight are detailed. The definition of initial subsystem requirements, trade studies, and design approaches are considered. Design features of the engine, its injector, combustion chamber, nozzle extension and bipropellant valve are illustrated and discussed. The current OMS consists of two identical pods that use nitrogen tetroxide (NTO) and monomethylhydrazine (MMH) propellants to provide 1000 ft/sec of delta velocity for a payload of 65,000 pounds. Major systems are pressurant gas storage and control, propellant storage supply and quantity measurement, and the rocket engine, which includes a bipropellant valve, an injector/thrust chamber, and a nozzle. The subsystem provides orbit insertion, circularization, and on orbit and deorbit capability for the shuttle orbiter.

Investigation of Exoskeletal Engine Propulsion System Concept

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Roche, Joseph M.; Palac, Donald T.; Hunter, James E.; Myers, David E.; Snyder, Christopher A.; Kosareo, Daniel N.; McCurdy, David R.; Dougherty, Kevin T.

2005-01-01

An innovative approach to gas turbine design involves mounting compressor and turbine blades to an outer rotating shell. Designated the exoskeletal engine, compression (preferable to tension for high-temperature ceramic materials, generally) becomes the dominant blade force. Exoskeletal engine feasibility lies in the structural and mechanical design (as opposed to cycle or aerothermodynamic design), so this study focused on the development and assessment of a structural-mechanical exoskeletal concept using the Rolls-Royce AE3007 regional airliner all-axial turbofan as a baseline. The effort was further limited to the definition of an exoskeletal high-pressure spool concept, where the major structural and thermal challenges are represented. The mass of the high-pressure spool was calculated and compared with the mass of AE3007 engine components. It was found that the exoskeletal engine rotating components can be significantly lighter than the rotating components of a conventional engine. However, bearing technology development is required, since the mass of existing bearing systems would exceed rotating machinery mass savings. It is recommended that once bearing technology is sufficiently advanced, a "clean sheet" preliminary design of an exoskeletal system be accomplished to better quantify the potential for the exoskeletal concept to deliver benefits in mass, structural efficiency, and cycle design flexibility.

Shuttle mission simulator baseline definition report, volume 1

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Burke, J. F.; Small, D. E.

1973-01-01

A baseline definition of the space shuttle mission simulator is presented. The subjects discussed are: (1) physical arrangement of the complete simulator system in the appropriate facility, with a definition of the required facility modifications, (2) functional descriptions of all hardware units, including the operational features, data demands, and facility interfaces, (3) hardware features necessary to integrate the items into a baseline simulator system to include the rationale for selecting the chosen implementation, and (4) operating, maintenance, and configuration updating characteristics of the simulator hardware.

Astronomy sortie missions definition study. Volume 2, book 1: Astronomy sortie program technical report

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1972-01-01

The work performed to arrive at a baseline astronomy sortie mission concept is summarized. The material includes: (1) definition of the telescopes and arrays; (2) preliminary definition of mission and systems; (3) identification, definition, and evaluation of alternative sortie programs; (4) the recommended astronomy sortie program; and (5) the astronomy sortie program concept that was approved as a baseline for the remainder of the project.

40 CFR 1042.825 - Baseline determination.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... a used engine to be the emission-data engine for the engine family for testing. Using good engineering judgment, select the engine configuration expected to represent the most common configuration in... adjust it differently, consistent with good engineering judgment. (d) Test the baseline engine four times...

40 CFR 1042.825 - Baseline determination.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... a used engine to be the emission-data engine for the engine family for testing. Using good engineering judgment, select the engine configuration expected to represent the most common configuration in... adjust it differently, consistent with good engineering judgment. (d) Test the baseline engine four times...

Design study of RL10 derivatives. Volume 3, part 1: Preliminary interface control document. [development of baseline engines for space tug vehicles

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Adams, A.

1973-01-01

The Interface Control Document contains engine information necessary for installation of the baseline RL10 Derivative engines in the Space Tug vehicle. The ICD presents a description of the baseline engines and their operating characteristics, mass and load characteristics, and environmental criteria. The document defines the engine/vehicle mechanical, electrical, fluid and pneumatic interface requirements.

The MSFC Collaborative Engineering Process for Preliminary Design and Concept Definition Studies

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mulqueen, Jack; Jones, David; Hopkins, Randy

2011-01-01

This paper describes a collaborative engineering process developed by the Marshall Space Flight Center's Advanced Concepts Office for performing rapid preliminary design and mission concept definition studies for potential future NASA missions. The process has been developed and demonstrated for a broad range of mission studies including human space exploration missions, space transportation system studies and in-space science missions. The paper will describe the design team structure and specialized analytical tools that have been developed to enable a unique rapid design process. The collaborative engineering process consists of integrated analysis approach for mission definition, vehicle definition and system engineering. The relevance of the collaborative process elements to the standard NASA NPR 7120.1 system engineering process will be demonstrated. The study definition process flow for each study discipline will be will be outlined beginning with the study planning process, followed by definition of ground rules and assumptions, definition of study trades, mission analysis and subsystem analyses leading to a standardized set of mission concept study products. The flexibility of the collaborative engineering design process to accommodate a wide range of study objectives from technology definition and requirements definition to preliminary design studies will be addressed. The paper will also describe the applicability of the collaborative engineering process to include an integrated systems analysis approach for evaluating the functional requirements of evolving system technologies and capabilities needed to meet the needs of future NASA programs.

Baseline automotive gas turbine engine development program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wagner, C. E. (Editor); Pampreen, R. C. (Editor)

1979-01-01

Tests results on a baseline engine are presented to document the automotive gas turbine state-of-the-art at the start of the program. The performance characteristics of the engine and of a vehicle powered by this engine are defined. Component improvement concepts in the baseline engine were evaluated on engine dynamometer tests in the complete vehicle on a chassis dynamometer and on road tests. The concepts included advanced combustors, ceramic regenerators, an integrated control system, low cost turbine material, a continuously variable transmission, power-turbine-driven accessories, power augmentation, and linerless insulation in the engine housing.

Small Engine Component Technology (SECT) study

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Singh, B.

1986-01-01

Small advanced (450 to 850 pounds thrust, 2002 to 3781 N) gas turbine engines were studied for a subsonic strategic cruise missile application, using projected year 2000 technology. An aircraft, mission characteristics, and baseline (state-of-the-art) engine were defined to evaluate technology benefits. Engine performance and configuration analyses were performed for two and three spool turbofan and propfan engine concepts. Mission and Life Cycle Cost (LCC) analyses were performed in which the candidate engines were compared to the baseline engines over a prescribed mission. The advanced technology engines reduced system LCC up to 41 percent relative to the baseline engine. Critical aerodynamic, materials, and mechanical systems turbine engine technologies were identified and program plans were defined for each identified critical technology.

Defining the baseline for inhibition concentration calculations for hormetic hazards.

PubMed

Bailer, A J; Oris, J T

2000-01-01

The use of endpoint estimates based on modeling inhibition of test organism response relative to a baseline response is an important tool in the testing and evaluation of aquatic hazards. In the presence of a hormetic hazard, the definition of the baseline response is not clear because non-zero levels of the hazard stimulate an enhanced response prior to inhibition. In the present study, the methodology and implications of how one defines a baseline response for inhibition concentration estimation in aquatic toxicity tests was evaluated. Three possible baselines were considered: the control response level; the pooling of responses, including controls and all concentration conditions with responses enhanced relative to controls; and, finally, the maximal response. The statistical methods associated with estimating inhibition relative to the first two baseline definitions were described and a method for estimating inhibition relative to the third baseline definition was derived. These methods were illustrated with data from a standard aquatic zooplankton reproductive toxicity test in which the number of young produced in three broods of a cladoceran exposed to effluent was modeled as a function of effluent concentration. Copyright 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

40 CFR 90.902 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... EMISSIONS FROM NONROAD SPARK-IGNITION ENGINES AT OR BELOW 19 KILOWATTS Exclusion and Exemption of Nonroad Engines from Regulations § 90.902 Definitions. The definitions in subpart A of this part apply to this... exporting new nonroad engines. National security exemption means an exemption granted under § 90.1004(b) for...

40 CFR 90.902 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... EMISSIONS FROM NONROAD SPARK-IGNITION ENGINES AT OR BELOW 19 KILOWATTS Exclusion and Exemption of Nonroad Engines from Regulations § 90.902 Definitions. The definitions in subpart A of this part apply to this... exporting new nonroad engines. National security exemption means an exemption granted under § 90.1004(b) for...

40 CFR 90.902 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... EMISSIONS FROM NONROAD SPARK-IGNITION ENGINES AT OR BELOW 19 KILOWATTS Exclusion and Exemption of Nonroad Engines from Regulations § 90.902 Definitions. The definitions in subpart A of this part apply to this... exporting new nonroad engines. National security exemption means an exemption granted under § 90.1004(b) for...

40 CFR 90.902 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... EMISSIONS FROM NONROAD SPARK-IGNITION ENGINES AT OR BELOW 19 KILOWATTS Exclusion and Exemption of Nonroad Engines from Regulations § 90.902 Definitions. The definitions in subpart A of this part apply to this... exporting new nonroad engines. National security exemption means an exemption granted under § 90.1004(b) for...

Summary of engine design and analytical studies to mature the 1137400E engine baseline

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kleinert, D. E.; Lester, W. A.

1972-01-01

Activities in packaging components into integral module arrangements compatible with engine design requirements for the 1137400E flight engine baseline are summarized along with the applied mechanics and thermal analysis. Revisions to drawings, configurations, and support structures are discussed.

Engineering Leadership Education--The Search for Definition and a Curricular Approach

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schuhmann, Richard J.

2010-01-01

While industry and academia agree that leadership skills are critical for engineering graduates, there exists no consensus regarding the definition of "engineering leadership". The engineering leadership development program at Penn State University has a decade-long experience in teaching leadership to engineering undergraduates. In…

On the possibility of producing definitive magnetic observatory data within less than one year

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mandić, Igor; Korte, Monika

2017-04-01

Geomagnetic observatory data are fundamental in geomagnetic field studies and are widely used in other applications. Often they are combined with satellite and ground survey data. Unfortunately, the observatory definitive data are only available with a time lag ranging from several months up to more than a year. The reason for this lag is the annual production of the final calibration values, i.e. baselines that are used to correct preliminary data from continuously recording magnetometers. In this paper, we will show that the preparation of definitive geomagnetic data is possible within a calendar year and presents an original method for prompt and automatic estimation of the observatory baselines. The new baselines, obtained in a mostly automatic manner, are compared with the baselines reported on INTERMAGNET DVDs for the 2009-2011 period. The high quality of the baselines obtained by the proposed method indicates its suitability for data processing in fully automatic observatories when automated absolute instruments will be deployed at remote sites.

34 CFR 637.4 - What definitions apply to the Minority Science and Engineering Improvement Program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Engineering Improvement Program? 637.4 Section 637.4 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of... ENGINEERING IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM General § 637.4 What definitions apply to the Minority Science and Engineering... American origin), Pacific Islander or other ethnic group underrepresented in science and engineering...

34 CFR 637.4 - What definitions apply to the Minority Science and Engineering Improvement Program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Engineering Improvement Program? 637.4 Section 637.4 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of... ENGINEERING IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM General § 637.4 What definitions apply to the Minority Science and Engineering... American origin), Pacific Islander or other ethnic group underrepresented in science and engineering...

34 CFR 637.4 - What definitions apply to the Minority Science and Engineering Improvement Program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Engineering Improvement Program? 637.4 Section 637.4 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of... ENGINEERING IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM General § 637.4 What definitions apply to the Minority Science and Engineering... American origin), Pacific Islander or other ethnic group underrepresented in science and engineering...

34 CFR 637.4 - What definitions apply to the Minority Science and Engineering Improvement Program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Engineering Improvement Program? 637.4 Section 637.4 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of... ENGINEERING IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM General § 637.4 What definitions apply to the Minority Science and Engineering... American origin), Pacific Islander or other ethnic group underrepresented in science and engineering...

34 CFR 637.4 - What definitions apply to the Minority Science and Engineering Improvement Program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Engineering Improvement Program? 637.4 Section 637.4 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of... ENGINEERING IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM General § 637.4 What definitions apply to the Minority Science and Engineering... American origin), Pacific Islander or other ethnic group underrepresented in science and engineering...

Orbit transfer vehicle advanced expander cycle engine point design study. Volume 2: Study results

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Diem, H. G.

1980-01-01

The design characteristics of the baseline engine configuration of the advanced expander cycle engine are described. Several aspects of engine optimization are considered which directly impact the design of the baseline thrust chamber. Four major areas of the power cycle optimization are emphasized: main turbine arrangement; cycle engine source; high pressure pump design; and boost pump drive.

40 CFR 89.902 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE NONROAD COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES Exemption Provisions § 89.902 Definitions... an exemption granted under § 89.1004(b) for the purpose of exporting new nonroad engines. National... security. Manufacturer-owned nonroad engine means an uncertified nonroad engine owned and controlled by a...

40 CFR 89.902 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE NONROAD COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES Exemption Provisions § 89.902 Definitions... an exemption granted under § 89.1004(b) for the purpose of exporting new nonroad engines. National... security. Manufacturer-owned nonroad engine means an uncertified nonroad engine owned and controlled by a...

40 CFR 89.902 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE NONROAD COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES Exemption Provisions § 89.902 Definitions... an exemption granted under § 89.1004(b) for the purpose of exporting new nonroad engines. National... security. Manufacturer-owned nonroad engine means an uncertified nonroad engine owned and controlled by a...

40 CFR 89.902 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE NONROAD COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES Exemption Provisions § 89.902 Definitions... an exemption granted under § 89.1004(b) for the purpose of exporting new nonroad engines. National... security. Manufacturer-owned nonroad engine means an uncertified nonroad engine owned and controlled by a...

A Systematic Literature Review of Engineering Identity: Definitions, Factors, and Interventions Affecting Development, and Means of Measurement

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Morelock, John R.

2017-01-01

Studies exploring what it means to be an engineer professionally have been conducted for decades, but have boomed in recent years. This systematic literature review aims to organise extant studies on engineering identity by coding around four key variables: (a) definitions of engineering identity, (b) factors affecting engineering identity…

The Development and Use of a Flight Optimization System Model of a C-130E Transport Aircraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Desch, Jeremy D.

1995-01-01

The Systems Analysis Branch at NASA Langley Research Center conducts a variety of aircraft design and analyses studies. These studies include the prediction of characteristics of a particular conceptual design, analyses of designs that already exist, and assessments of the impact of technology on current and future aircraft. The FLight OPtimization System (FLOPS) is a tool used for aircraft systems analysis and design. A baseline input model of a Lockheed C-130E was generated for the Flight Optimization System. This FLOPS model can be used to conduct design-trade studies and technology impact assessments. The input model was generated using standard input data such as basic geometries and mission specifications. All of the other data needed to determine the airplane performance is computed internally by FLOPS. The model was then calibrated to reproduce the actual airplane performance from flight test data. This allows a systems analyzer to change a specific item of geometry or mission definition in the FLOPS input file and evaluate the resulting change in performance from the output file. The baseline model of the C-130E was used to analyze the effects of implementing upper wing surface blowing on the airplane. This involved removing the turboprop engines that were on the C-130E and replacing them with turbofan engines. An investigation of the improvements in airplane performance with the new engines could be conducted within the Flight Optimization System. Although a thorough analysis was not completed, the impact of this change on basic mission performance was investigated.

40 CFR 94.802 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Definitions. 94.802 Section 94.802 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM MARINE COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES Importation of Nonconforming Engines § 94.802 Definitions...

Baseline Fuel Economy and Emissions Tests of a Chrysler 1978, 225 CID Engine

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1980-09-01

This document reports on baseline engine tests of a Chrysler 1978, 225 CID, six-cylinder engine. The tests were conducted in the Automotive Research Laboratory at the Transportation Systems Center. Test results presented herein are also filed on comp...

Unbiased and automated identification of a circulating tumour cell definition that associates with overall survival.

PubMed

Ligthart, Sjoerd T; Coumans, Frank A W; Attard, Gerhardt; Cassidy, Amy Mulick; de Bono, Johann S; Terstappen, Leon W M M

2011-01-01

Circulating tumour cells (CTC) in patients with metastatic carcinomas are associated with poor survival and can be used to guide therapy. Classification of CTC however remains subjective, as they are morphologically heterogeneous. We acquired digital images, using the CellSearch™ system, from blood of 185 castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients and 68 healthy subjects to define CTC by computer algorithms. Patient survival data was used as the training parameter for the computer to define CTC. The computer-generated CTC definition was validated on a separate CRPC dataset comprising 100 patients. The optimal definition of the computer defined CTC (aCTC) was stricter as compared to the manual CellSearch CTC (mCTC) definition and as a consequence aCTC were less frequent. The computer-generated CTC definition resulted in hazard ratios (HRs) of 2.8 for baseline and 3.9 for follow-up samples, which is comparable to the mCTC definition (baseline HR 2.9, follow-up HR 4.5). Validation resulted in HRs at baseline/follow-up of 3.9/5.4 for computer and 4.8/5.8 for manual definitions. In conclusion, we have defined and validated CTC by clinical outcome using a perfectly reproducing automated algorithm.

76 FR 39812 - Scotts Miracle-Gro Co.; Regulatory Status of Kentucky Bluegrass Genetically Engineered for...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-07

...] Scotts Miracle-Gro Co.; Regulatory Status of Kentucky Bluegrass Genetically Engineered for Herbicide... engineered for herbicide tolerance without the use of plant pest components, does not meet the definition of... has been genetically engineered for herbicide tolerance, does not meet the definition of a regulated...

40 CFR 86.096-2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... first. (4) For a diesel heavy-duty engine family: (i) For light heavy-duty diesel engines, period of use of 8 years or 110,000 miles, whichever occurs first. (ii) For medium heavy-duty diesel engines, a... paragraph (4)(iv) of this definition. (iv) For heavy heavy-duty diesel engines used in urban buses, for the...

40 CFR 86.096-2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... first. (4) For a diesel heavy-duty engine family: (i) For light heavy-duty diesel engines, period of use of 8 years or 110,000 miles, whichever occurs first. (ii) For medium heavy-duty diesel engines, a... paragraph (4)(iv) of this definition. (iv) For heavy heavy-duty diesel engines used in urban buses, for the...

40 CFR 86.096-2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... first. (4) For a diesel heavy-duty engine family: (i) For light heavy-duty diesel engines, period of use of 8 years or 110,000 miles, whichever occurs first. (ii) For medium heavy-duty diesel engines, a... paragraph (4)(iv) of this definition. (iv) For heavy heavy-duty diesel engines used in urban buses, for the...

23 CFR 627.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Definitions. 627.3 Section 627.3 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS VALUE ENGINEERING... consist of several contracts or phases over several years. Value engineering. The systematic application...

23 CFR 627.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Definitions. 627.3 Section 627.3 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS VALUE ENGINEERING... consist of several contracts or phases over several years. Value engineering. The systematic application...

23 CFR 627.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Definitions. 627.3 Section 627.3 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS VALUE ENGINEERING... consist of several contracts or phases over several years. Value engineering. The systematic application...

VSCE technology definition study

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Howlett, R. A.; Hunt, R. B.

1979-01-01

Refined design definition of the variable stream control engine (VSCE) concept for advanced supersonic transports is presented. Operating and performance features of the VSCE are discussed, including the engine components, thrust specific fuel consumption, weight, noise, and emission system. A preliminary engine design is presented.

48 CFR 217.7401 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Definitions. 217.7401... Actions 217.7401 Definitions. As used in this subpart— (a) Contract action means an action which results... of the contract, e.g., engineering change proposals, value engineering change proposals, and over and...

Shuttle mission simulator baseline definition report, volume 2

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dahlberg, A. W.; Small, D. E.

1973-01-01

The baseline definition report for the space shuttle mission simulator is presented. The subjects discussed are: (1) the general configurations, (2) motion base crew station, (3) instructor operator station complex, (4) display devices, (5) electromagnetic compatibility, (6) external interface equipment, (7) data conversion equipment, (8) fixed base crew station equipment, and (9) computer complex. Block diagrams of the supporting subsystems are provided.

Generalization of the Engineering Method to the UNIVERSAL METHOD.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Koen, Billy Vaughn

1987-01-01

Proposes that there is a universal method for all realms of knowledge. Reviews Descartes's definition of the universal method, the engineering definition, and the philosophical basis for the universal method. Contends that the engineering method best represents the universal method. (ML)

Definition of 1992 Technology Aircraft Noise Levels and the Methodology for Assessing Airplane Noise Impact of Component Noise Reduction Concepts

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kumasaka, Henry A.; Martinez, Michael M.; Weir, Donald S.

1996-01-01

This report describes the methodology for assessing the impact of component noise reduction on total airplane system noise. The methodology is intended to be applied to the results of individual study elements of the NASA-Advanced Subsonic Technology (AST) Noise Reduction Program, which will address the development of noise reduction concepts for specific components. Program progress will be assessed in terms of noise reduction achieved, relative to baseline levels representative of 1992 technology airplane/engine design and performance. In this report, the 1992 technology reference levels are defined for assessment models based on four airplane sizes - an average business jet and three commercial transports: a small twin, a medium sized twin, and a large quad. Study results indicate that component changes defined as program final goals for nacelle treatment and engine/airframe source noise reduction would achieve from 6-7 EPNdB reduction of total airplane noise at FAR 36 Stage 3 noise certification conditions for all of the airplane noise assessment models.

Second Law based definition of passivity/activity of devices

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sundqvist, Kyle M.; Ferry, David K.; Kish, Laszlo B.

2017-10-01

Recently, our efforts to clarify the old question, if a memristor is a passive or active device [1], triggered debates between engineers, who have had advanced definitions of passivity/activity of devices, and physicists with significantly different views about this seemingly simple question. This debate triggered our efforts to test the well-known engineering concepts about passivity/activity in a deeper way, challenging them by statistical physics. It is shown that the advanced engineering definition of passivity/activity of devices is self-contradictory when a thermodynamical system executing Johnson-Nyquist noise is present. A new, statistical physical, self-consistent definition based on the Second Law of Thermodynamics is introduced. It is also shown that, in a system with uniform temperature distribution, any rectifier circuitry that can rectify thermal noise must contain an active circuit element, according to both the engineering and statistical physical definitions.

32 CFR 165.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... evaluation. That includes costs of any engineering change proposals initiated before the date of calculations... includes costs of any engineering change proposal started before the date of calculation of the NC... NONRECURRING COSTS (NCs) ON SALES OF U.S. ITEMS § 165.3 Definitions. The following definitions apply to this...

32 CFR 165.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... evaluation. That includes costs of any engineering change proposals initiated before the date of calculations... includes costs of any engineering change proposal started before the date of calculation of the NC... NONRECURRING COSTS (NCs) ON SALES OF U.S. ITEMS § 165.3 Definitions. The following definitions apply to this...

46 CFR 113.35-1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Definitions. 113.35-1 Section 113.35-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING COMMUNICATION AND ALARM SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT Engine Order Telegraph Systems § 113.35-1 Definitions. As used in this subpart: (a...

Feasibility Study of a Pressure-fed Engine for a Water Recoverable Space Shuttle Booster

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gerstl, E.

1972-01-01

Detailed mass properties are presented for a gimbaled, fixed thrust, regeneratively cooled engine having a coaxial pintle injector. The baseline design parameters for this engine are tabulated. Mass properties are also summarized for several other engine configurations i.e., a hinge nozzle using a Techroll seal, a gimbaled duct cooled engine and a regeneratively cooled engine using liquid injection thrust vector control (LITVC). Detailed engine analysis and design trade studies leading to the selection of a regeneratively cooled gimbaled engine and pertaining to the selection of the baseline design configuration are also given.

48 CFR 48.001 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... VALUE ENGINEERING 48.001 Definitions. As used in this subpart— Acquisition savings means savings resulting from the application of a value engineering change proposal (VECP) to contracts awarded by the... contractor agree the VECP applies. Value engineering proposal means, in connection with an A-E contract, a...

48 CFR 48.001 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... VALUE ENGINEERING 48.001 Definitions. As used in this subpart— Acquisition savings means savings resulting from the application of a value engineering change proposal (VECP) to contracts awarded by the... contractor agree the VECP applies. Value engineering proposal means, in connection with an A-E contract, a...

48 CFR 48.001 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... VALUE ENGINEERING 48.001 Definitions. As used in this subpart— Acquisition savings means savings resulting from the application of a value engineering change proposal (VECP) to contracts awarded by the... contractor agree the VECP applies. Value engineering proposal means, in connection with an A-E contract, a...

40 CFR 86.092-2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES General Provisions for Emission Regulations for 1977 and Later Model Year New Light-Duty Vehicles, Light-Duty Trucks and Heavy-Duty Engines, and for... Methanol-Fueled Heavy-Duty Vehicles § 86.092-2 Definitions. The definitions of § 86.091-2 remain effective...

40 CFR 86.092-2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES General Provisions for Emission Regulations for 1977 and Later Model Year New Light-Duty Vehicles, Light-Duty Trucks and Heavy-Duty Engines, and for... Methanol-Fueled Heavy-Duty Vehicles § 86.092-2 Definitions. The definitions of § 86.091-2 remain effective...

SHARP's systems engineering challenge: rectifying integrated product team requirements with performance issues in an evolutionary spiral development acquisition

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kuehl, C. Stephen

2003-08-01

Completing its final development and early deployment on the Navy's multi-role aircraft, the F/A-18 E/F Super Hornet, the SHAred Reconnaissance Pod (SHARP) provides the war fighter with the latest digital tactical reconnaissance (TAC Recce) Electro-Optical/Infrared (EO/IR) sensor system. The SHARP program is an evolutionary acquisition that used a spiral development process across a prototype development phase tightly coupled into overlapping Engineering and Manufacturing Development (EMD) and Low Rate Initial Production (LRIP) phases. Under a tight budget environment with a highly compressed schedule, SHARP challenged traditional acquisition strategies and systems engineering (SE) processes. Adopting tailored state-of-the-art systems engineering process models allowd the SHARP program to overcome the technical knowledge transition challenges imposed by a compressed program schedule. The program's original goal was the deployment of digital TAC Recce mission capabilities to the fleet customer by summer of 2003. Hardware and software integration technical challenges resulted from requirements definition and analysis activities performed across a government-industry led Integrated Product Team (IPT) involving Navy engineering and test sites, Boeing, and RTSC-EPS (with its subcontracted hardware and government furnished equipment vendors). Requirements development from a bottoms-up approach was adopted using an electronic requirements capture environment to clarify and establish the SHARP EMD product baseline specifications as relevant technical data became available. Applying Earned-Value Management (EVM) against an Integrated Master Schedule (IMS) resulted in efficiently managing SE task assignments and product deliveries in a dynamically evolving customer requirements environment. Application of Six Sigma improvement methodologies resulted in the uncovering of root causes of errors in wiring interconnectivity drawings, pod manufacturing processes, and avionics requirements specifications. Utilizing the draft NAVAIR SE guideline handbook and the ANSI/EIA-632 standard: Processes for Engineering a System, a systems engineering tailored process approach was adopted for the accelerated SHARP EMD prgram. Tailoring SE processes in this accelerated product delivery environment provided unique opportunities to be technically creative in the establishment of a product performance baseline. This paper provides an historical overview of the systems engineering activities spanning the prototype phase through the EMD SHARP program phase, the performance requirement capture activities and refinement process challenges, and what SE process improvements can be applied to future SHARP-like programs adopting a compressed, evolutionary spiral development acquisition paradigm.

40 CFR 1033.5 - Exemptions and exclusions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... for requirements that apply to diesel engines used in equipment excluded from the definition of... definition of “locomotive” in § 1033.901 excludes certain vehicles. In general, the engines used in such...: (1) Historic locomotives powered by steam engines. For a locomotive that was originally manufactured...

40 CFR 1033.5 - Exemptions and exclusions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... for requirements that apply to diesel engines used in equipment excluded from the definition of... definition of “locomotive” in § 1033.901 excludes certain vehicles. In general, the engines used in such...: (1) Historic locomotives powered by steam engines. For a locomotive that was originally manufactured...

40 CFR 1033.5 - Exemptions and exclusions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... for requirements that apply to diesel engines used in equipment excluded from the definition of... definition of “locomotive” in § 1033.901 excludes certain vehicles. In general, the engines used in such...: (1) Historic locomotives powered by steam engines. For a locomotive that was originally manufactured...

Performance improvements of single-engine business airplanes by the integration of advanced technologies

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kohlman, D. L.

1982-01-01

An assessment is presented of the performance gains and economic impact of the integration in general aviation aircraft of advanced technologies, relating to such aspects of design as propulsion, natural laminar flow, lift augmentation, unconventional configurations, and advanced aluminum and composite structures. All considerations are with reference to a baseline mission of 1300 nm range and 300-knot cruise speed with a 1300-lb payload, and a baseline aircraft with a 40 lb/sq ft wing loading and an aspect ratio of 8. Extensive analytical results are presented from the NASA-sponsored General Aviation Synthesis Program. Attention is given to the relative performance gains to be expected from the single-engined baseline aircraft's use of a low cost general aviation turbine engine, a spark-ignited reciprocating engine, a diesel engine, and a Wankel rotary engine.

Potential of spark ignition engine for increased fuel efficiency. Final report, January-October 1978

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Taylor, T. Jr.; Cole, D.; Bolt, J.A.

The objective of this study was to assess the potential of the spark ignition engine to deliver maximum fuel efficiency at 1981 Statutory Emission Standards in the 1983-1984 timeframe and beyond that to 1990. Based on the results of an extensive literature search, manufacturer's known product plans, and fuel economies of 1978 engines as a baseline, proposed methods of attaining fuel economy while complying with the future standards were ascertained. Methods of engine control optimization, engine design optimization as well as methods of varying engine parameters were considered. The potential improvements in fuel economy associated with these methods, singly andmore » in combination, were determined and are expressed as percentage changes of the fuel economy of the baseline engines. A summary of the principal conclusions are presented, followed by a description of the engine baseline reference, analysis and projection of fuel economy improvements, and a preliminary assessment of the impact of fuel economy benefits on manufacturing cost.« less

Site systems engineering fiscal year 1999 multi-year work plan (MYWP) update for WBS 1.8.2.2

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

GRYGIEL, M.L.

1998-10-08

Manage the Site Systems Engineering process to provide a traceable integrated requirements-driven, and technically defensible baseline. Through the Site Integration Group(SIG), Systems Engineering ensures integration of technical activities across all site projects. Systems Engineering's primary interfaces are with the RL Project Managers, the Project Direction Office and with the Project Major Subcontractors, as well as with the Site Planning organization. Systems Implementation: (1) Develops, maintains, and controls the site integrated technical baseline, ensures the Systems Engineering interfaces between projects are documented, and maintain the Site Environmental Management Specification. (2) Develops and uses dynamic simulation models for verification of the baselinemore » and analysis of alternatives. (3) Performs and documents fictional and requirements analyses. (4) Works with projects, technology management, and the SIG to identify and resolve technical issues. (5) Supports technical baseline information for the planning and budgeting of the Accelerated Cleanup Plan, Multi-Year Work Plans, Project Baseline Summaries as well as performance measure reporting. (6) Works with projects to ensure the quality of data in the technical baseline. (7) Develops, maintains and implements the site configuration management system.« less

40 CFR 88.102-94 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) CLEAN-FUEL VEHICLES Emission Standards for Clean-Fuel Vehicles § 88.102-94 Definitions. Any terms... and the GVWR. Dual Fuel Vehicle (or Engine) means any motor vehicle (or motor vehicle engine) engineered and designed to be operated on two different fuels, but not on a mixture of the fuels. Flexible...

40 CFR 89.602 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... importer (ICI). An importer who is not an original engine manufacturer (OEM) (see definition below), but is... independent commercial importer (ICI) is deemed to have produced a nonroad engine when the ICI has modified... changes in nonroad engine configuration, equipment, or calibration which are made by an OEM or ICI in the...

40 CFR 89.602 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... importer (ICI). An importer who is not an original engine manufacturer (OEM) (see definition below), but is... independent commercial importer (ICI) is deemed to have produced a nonroad engine when the ICI has modified... changes in nonroad engine configuration, equipment, or calibration which are made by an OEM or ICI in the...

40 CFR 89.602 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... importer (ICI). An importer who is not an original engine manufacturer (OEM) (see definition below), but is... independent commercial importer (ICI) is deemed to have produced a nonroad engine when the ICI has modified... changes in nonroad engine configuration, equipment, or calibration which are made by an OEM or ICI in the...

40 CFR 89.602 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... importer (ICI). An importer who is not an original engine manufacturer (OEM) (see definition below), but is... independent commercial importer (ICI) is deemed to have produced a nonroad engine when the ICI has modified... changes in nonroad engine configuration, equipment, or calibration which are made by an OEM or ICI in the...

14 CFR 34.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... EXHAUST EMISSION REQUIREMENTS FOR TURBINE ENGINE POWERED AIRPLANES General Provisions § 34.1 Definitions... in, or which is manufactured for installation in, an aircraft. Aircraft gas turbine engine means a.... Class T3 means all aircraft gas turbine engines of the JT3D model family. Class T8 means all aircraft...

A systematic literature review of engineering identity: definitions, factors, and interventions affecting development, and means of measurement

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Morelock, John R.

2017-11-01

Studies exploring what it means to be an engineer professionally have been conducted for decades, but have boomed in recent years. This systematic literature review aims to organise extant studies on engineering identity by coding around four key variables: (a) definitions of engineering identity, (b) factors affecting engineering identity development, (c) interventions affecting engineering identity development, and (d) means of measuring identity. In doing so, this review provides strategies for future research and educational interventions to advance work related to engineering identity. Publications were selected for inclusion by screening and appraising results obtained from databases and keywords refined through a scoping study. Derived from key findings, suggestions for future research include bridging disparate strands of engineering identity literature and incorporating more varied methodological approaches. Also from key findings, suggestions for future practice involve better connecting existing definitions of engineering identity and factors known to affect identity development with identity-related interventions.

What is $$\\Delta m^2_{ee}$$ ?

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Parke, Stephen

Here, the current short baseline reactor experiments, Daya Bay and RENO (Double Chooz) have measured (or are capable of measuring) an effective Δm 2 associated with the atmospheric oscillation scale of 0.5 km/MeV in electron antineutrino disappearance. In this paper, I compare and contrast the different definitions of such an effective Δm 2 and argue that the simple, L/E independent definition given by Δ mee 2≡cos 2θ 12Δm312+sin 2θ 12Δm 32 2, i.e. “the νe weighted average of Δm 31 2 and Δm 32 2,” is superior to all other definitions and is useful for both short baseline experiments mentionedmore » above and for the future medium baseline experiments JUNO and RENO-50.« less

What is $$\\Delta m^2_{ee}$$ ?

DOE PAGES

Parke, Stephen

2016-03-09

Here, the current short baseline reactor experiments, Daya Bay and RENO (Double Chooz) have measured (or are capable of measuring) an effective Δm 2 associated with the atmospheric oscillation scale of 0.5 km/MeV in electron antineutrino disappearance. In this paper, I compare and contrast the different definitions of such an effective Δm 2 and argue that the simple, L/E independent definition given by Δ mee 2≡cos 2θ 12Δm312+sin 2θ 12Δm 32 2, i.e. “the νe weighted average of Δm 31 2 and Δm 32 2,” is superior to all other definitions and is useful for both short baseline experiments mentionedmore » above and for the future medium baseline experiments JUNO and RENO-50.« less

Definition and documentation of engineering processes

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

McDonald, G.W.

1997-11-01

This tutorial is an extract of a two-day workshop developed under the auspices of the Quality Engineering Department at Sandia National Laboratories. The presentation starts with basic definitions and addresses why processes should be defined and documented. It covers three primary topics: (1) process considerations and rationale, (2) approach to defining and documenting engineering processes, and (3) an IDEFO model of the process for defining engineering processes.

Aircraft Engine On-Line Diagnostics Through Dual-Channel Sensor Measurements: Development of a Baseline System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kobayashi, Takahisa; Simon, Donald L.

2008-01-01

In this paper, a baseline system which utilizes dual-channel sensor measurements for aircraft engine on-line diagnostics is developed. This system is composed of a linear on-board engine model (LOBEM) and fault detection and isolation (FDI) logic. The LOBEM provides the analytical third channel against which the dual-channel measurements are compared. When the discrepancy among the triplex channels exceeds a tolerance level, the FDI logic determines the cause of the discrepancy. Through this approach, the baseline system achieves the following objectives: (1) anomaly detection, (2) component fault detection, and (3) sensor fault detection and isolation. The performance of the baseline system is evaluated in a simulation environment using faults in sensors and components.

Configuration management program plan for Hanford site systems engineering

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kellie, C.L.

This plan establishes the integrated management program for the evolving technical baseline developed through the systems engineering process. This configuration management program aligns with the criteria identified in the DOE Standard, DOE-STD-1073-93. Included are specific requirements for control of the systems engineering RDD-100 database, and electronic data incorporated in the database that establishes the Hanford Site Technical Baseline.

Geosynchronous platform definition study. Volume 4, Part 1: Traffic analysis and system requirements for the baseline traffic model

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1973-01-01

The traffic analyses and system requirements data generated in the study resulted in the development of two traffic models; the baseline traffic model and the new traffic model. The baseline traffic model provides traceability between the numbers and types of geosynchronous missions considered in the study and the entire spectrum of missions foreseen in the total national space program. The information presented pertaining to the baseline traffic model includes: (1) definition of the baseline traffic model, including identification of specific geosynchronous missions and their payload delivery schedules through 1990; (2) Satellite location criteria, including the resulting distribution of the satellite population; (3) Geosynchronous orbit saturation analyses, including the effects of satellite physical proximity and potential electromagnetic interference; and (4) Platform system requirements analyses, including satellite and mission equipment descriptions, the options and limitations in grouping satellites, and on-orbit servicing criteria (both remotely controlled and man-attended).

Line integral on engineering mathematics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wiryanto, L. H.

2018-01-01

Definite integral is a basic material in studying mathematics. At the level of calculus, calculating of definite integral is based on fundamental theorem of calculus, related to anti-derivative, as the inverse operation of derivative. At the higher level such as engineering mathematics, the definite integral is used as one of the calculating tools of line integral. the purpose of this is to identify if there is a question related to line integral, we can use definite integral as one of the calculating experience. The conclusion of this research says that the teaching experience in introducing the relation between both integrals through the engineer way of thinking can motivate and improve students in understanding the material.

Life sciences payload definition and integration study, task C and D. Volume 2: Payload definition, integration, and planning studies

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1973-01-01

The Life Sciences Payload Definition and Integration Study was composed of four major tasks. Tasks A and B, the laboratory definition phase, were the subject of prior NASA study. The laboratory definition phase included the establishment of research functions, equipment definitions, and conceptual baseline laboratory designs. These baseline laboratories were designated as Maxi-Nom, Mini-30, and Mini-7. The outputs of Tasks A and B were used by the NASA Life Sciences Payload Integration Team to establish guidelines for Tasks C and D, the laboratory integration phase of the study. A brief review of Tasks A and B is presented provide background continuity. The tasks C and D effort is the subject of this report. The Task C effort stressed the integration of the NASA selected laboratory designs with the shuttle sortie module. The Task D effort updated and developed costs that could be used by NASA for preliminary program planning.

Engineering Technical Review Planning Briefing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gardner, Terrie

2012-01-01

The general topics covered in the engineering technical planning briefing are 1) overviews of NASA, Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), and Engineering, 2) the NASA Systems Engineering(SE) Engine and its implementation , 3) the NASA Project Life Cycle, 4) MSFC Technical Management Branch Services in relation to the SE Engine and the Project Life Cycle , 5) Technical Reviews, 6) NASA Human Factor Design Guidance , and 7) the MSFC Human Factors Team. The engineering technical review portion of the presentation is the primary focus of the overall presentation and will address the definition of a design review, execution guidance, the essential stages of a technical review, and the overall review planning life cycle. Examples of a technical review plan content, review approaches, review schedules, and the review process will be provided and discussed. The human factors portion of the presentation will focus on the NASA guidance for human factors. Human factors definition, categories, design guidance, and human factor specialist roles will be addressed. In addition, the NASA Systems Engineering Engine description, definition, and application will be reviewed as background leading into the NASA Project Life Cycle Overview and technical review planning discussion.

Configuration management program plan for Hanford site systems engineering

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hoffman, A.G.

This plan establishes the integrated configuration management program for the evolving technical baseline developed through the systems engineering process. This configuration management program aligns with the criteria identified in the DOE Standard, DOE-STD-1073-93. Included are specific requirements for control of the systems engineering RDD-100 database, and electronic data incorporated in the database that establishes the Hanford site technical baseline.

Self-reported concussion history: impact of providing a definition of concussion.

PubMed

Robbins, Clifford A; Daneshvar, Daniel H; Picano, John D; Gavett, Brandon E; Baugh, Christine M; Riley, David O; Nowinski, Christopher J; McKee, Ann C; Cantu, Robert C; Stern, Robert A

2014-01-01

In recent years, the understanding of concussion has evolved in the research and medical communities to include more subtle and transient symptoms. The accepted definition of concussion in these communities has reflected this change. However, it is unclear whether this shift is also reflected in the understanding of the athletic community. Self-reported concussion history is an inaccurate assessment of someone's lifetime exposure to concussive brain trauma. However, unfortunately, in many cases it is the only available tool. We hypothesize that athletes' self-reported concussion histories will be significantly greater after reading them the current definition of concussion, relative to the reporting when no definition was provided. An increase from baseline to post-definition response will suggest that athletes are unaware of the currently accepted medical definition. Cross-sectional study of 472 current and former athletes. Investigators conducted structured telephone interviews with current and former athletes between January 2010 and January 2013, asking participants to report how many concussions they had received in their lives. Interviewers then read participants a current definition of concussion, and asked them to re-estimate based on that definition. THE TWO ESTIMATES WERE SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENT (WILCOXON SIGNED RANK TEST: z=15.636, P<0.001). Comparison of the baseline and post-definition medians (7 and 15, respectively) indicated that the post-definition estimate was approximately twice the baseline. Follow-up analyses indicated that this effect was consistent across all levels of competition examined and across type of sport (contact versus non-contact). Our results indicate that athletes' current understandings of concussions are not consistent with a currently accepted medical definition. We strongly recommend that clinicians and researchers preface requests for self-reported concussion history with a definition. In addition, it is extremely important that researchers report the definition they used in published manuscripts of their work. Our study shows that unprompted reporting of concussion history produces results that are significantly different from those provided after a definition has been given, suggesting one possible mechanism to improve the reliability of self-reported concussion history across multiple individuals.

Advanced supersonic propulsion system technology study, phase 2

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Allan, R. D.

1975-01-01

Variable cycle engines were identified, based on the mixed-flow low-bypass-ratio augmented turbofan cycle, which has shown excellent range capability in the AST airplane. The best mixed-flow augmented turbofan engine was selected based on range in the AST Baseline Airplane. Selected variable cycle engine features were added to this best conventional baseline engine, and the Dual-Cycle VCE and Double-Bypass VCE were defined. The conventional mixed-flow turbofan and the Double-Bypass VCE were on the subjects of engine preliminary design studies to determine mechanical feasibility, confirm weight and dimensional estimates, and identify the necessary technology considered not yet available. Critical engine components were studied and incorporated into the variable cycle engine design.

Healthcare Engineering Defined: A White Paper.

PubMed

Chyu, Ming-Chien; Austin, Tony; Calisir, Fethi; Chanjaplammootil, Samuel; Davis, Mark J; Favela, Jesus; Gan, Heng; Gefen, Amit; Haddas, Ram; Hahn-Goldberg, Shoshana; Hornero, Roberto; Huang, Yu-Li; Jensen, Øystein; Jiang, Zhongwei; Katsanis, J S; Lee, Jeong-A; Lewis, Gladius; Lovell, Nigel H; Luebbers, Heinz-Theo; Morales, George G; Matis, Timothy; Matthews, Judith T; Mazur, Lukasz; Ng, Eddie Yin-Kwee; Oommen, K J; Ormand, Kevin; Rohde, Tarald; Sánchez-Morillo, Daniel; Sanz-Calcedo, Justo García; Sawan, Mohamad; Shen, Chwan-Li; Shieh, Jiann-Shing; Su, Chao-Ton; Sun, Lilly; Sun, Mingui; Sun, Yi; Tewolde, Senay N; Williams, Eric A; Yan, Chongjun; Zhang, Jiajie; Zhang, Yuan-Ting

2015-01-01

Engineering has been playing an important role in serving and advancing healthcare. The term "Healthcare Engineering" has been used by professional societies, universities, scientific authors, and the healthcare industry for decades. However, the definition of "Healthcare Engineering" remains ambiguous. The purpose of this position paper is to present a definition of Healthcare Engineering as an academic discipline, an area of research, a field of specialty, and a profession. Healthcare Engineering is defined in terms of what it is, who performs it, where it is performed, and how it is performed, including its purpose, scope, topics, synergy, education/training, contributions, and prospects.

Analysis of continence rates following robot-assisted radical prostatectomy: strict leak-free and pad-free continence.

PubMed

Reynolds, W Stuart; Shikanov, Sergey A; Katz, Mark H; Zagaja, Gregory P; Shalhav, Arieh L; Zorn, Kevin C

2010-02-01

To propose a strict and specific definition of continence (leak-free and pad-free [LFPF]) and apply it to robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) outcomes on the basis of University of California-Los Angeles-Prostate Cancer Index (UCLA-PCI), as postprostatectomy incontinence is not well defined. A single-institution RARP database was reviewed concerning continence variables prospectively recorded by the UCLA-PCI. Specific responses to urinary function and continence items were reviewed at baseline and 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after surgery. From February 2003 to September 2007, a total of 1005 of 1500 RARP patients had data available for review. At baseline, only 73% of these patients were LFPF. This decreased to 4%, 9%, 17%, 24%, and 28% at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after surgery, respectively. Applying less strict definitions, at 24 months, 68% of patients reported no pad use and 90% of patients reported no pad use or the use of a security pad. When stratified by baseline LFPF status, patients not LFPF at baseline had higher baseline international prostate symptom score scores, lower urinary function scores, lower urinary bother scores, and larger prostate weights. Patients LFPF at baseline disproportionately regained LFPF continence starting 6 months after surgery compared with those not LFPF at baseline: 20% vs 9% (P = .005), 27% vs 15% (P = .0009), and 33% vs 15% (P = .0146) at 6, 12, and 24 months, respectively. A strict definition of urinary continence results in more conservative postoperative outcomes. Preoperative LFPF status can be predictive of postoperative LFPF continence. However, only one-third of patients LFPF at baseline returned to LFPF at 24 months. 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Identification of Incident CKD Stage 3 in Research Studies

PubMed Central

Grams, Morgan E.; Rebholz, Casey; MacMahon, Blaithin; Whelton, Seamus; Ballew, Shoshana H.; Selvin, Elizabeth; Wruck, Lisa; Coresh, Josef

2014-01-01

Background In epidemiologic research, incident chronic kidney disease (CKD) is commonly determined by laboratory tests performed at planned study visits. Given the morbidity and mortality associated with CKD, persons with incident disease may be less likely to attend scheduled visits, affecting observed associations. The objective of this study was to quantify loss-to-follow-up by CKD status, and to determine whether supplementation with diagnostic code data improves capture of incident CKD. Study Design Prospective cohort study. Setting & Participants 11,560 participants in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study underwent continuous surveillance for hospitalizations and death from baseline visit (1996-1999) to follow-up visit (2011-2013). A subset of hospitalizations in Washington County, MD, was used in diagnostic code validation (n=2,540). Predictor Baseline demographics and comorbid conditions. Outcomes Incident CKD stage 3 ascertained by follow-up visit (visit-based definition), or by hospitalization surveillance (hospitalization-based definition). Measurements Visit-based definition: ≥25% decline from baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate to <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 at follow-up visit; hospitalization-based definition: hospitalization CKD diagnostic code. Results Among 11,560 participants, 5,951 attended the follow-up visit, and 9,264 were hospitalized. Never-hospitalized participants were younger, more often female, and had fewer comorbid conditions; 73.5% attended the follow-up visit. Incident CKD stage 3 occurred in 1,172 participants by the visit-based definition (251 were never-hospitalized) and 1,078 participants by the hospitalization-based definition (237 attended the follow-up study visit). The sensitivity of the hospitalization-based CKD definition was 35.5% (95% CI, 31.6%-39.7%); specificity was 95.7% (95% CI, 94.2%-96.8%). Sensitivity was higher with later time period, older participant age, and baseline prevalent diabetes and CKD. Limitations A subset of hospitalizations were used for validation; 15-year gap between study visits. Conclusions The sensitivity of diagnostic code–identified CKD is low and varies by certain factors; however, supplementing a visit-based definition with hospitalization information can increase disease identification during periods of follow-up without study visits. PMID:24726628

Upgraded automotive gas turbine engine design and development program, volume 2

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wagner, C. E. (Editor); Pampreen, R. C. (Editor)

1979-01-01

Results are presented for the design and development of an upgraded engine. The design incorporated technology advancements which resulted from development testing on the Baseline Engine. The final engine performance with all retro-fitted components from the development program showed a value of 91 HP at design speed in contrast to the design value of 104 HP. The design speed SFC was 0.53 versus the goal value of 0.44. The miss in power was primarily due to missing the efficiency targets of small size turbomachinery. Most of the SFC deficit was attributed to missed goals in the heat recovery system relative to regenerator effectiveness and expected values of heat loss. Vehicular fuel consumption, as measured on a chassis dynamometer, for a vehicle inertia weight of 3500 lbs., was 15 MPG for combined urban and highway driving cycles. The baseline engine achieved 8 MPG with a 4500 lb. vehicle. Even though the goal of 18.3 MPG was not achieved with the upgraded engine, there was an improvement in fuel economy of 46% over the baseline engine, for comparable vehicle inertia weight.

48 CFR 36.102 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... CONTRACTING CONSTRUCTION AND ARCHITECT-ENGINEER CONTRACTS General 36.102 Definitions. As used in this part— Contract is intended to refer to a contract for construction or a contract for architect-engineer services..., structural, electrical, mechanical, and fire protection), producing the technical specifications and drawings...

48 CFR 36.102 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... CONTRACTING CONSTRUCTION AND ARCHITECT-ENGINEER CONTRACTS General 36.102 Definitions. As used in this part— Contract is intended to refer to a contract for construction or a contract for architect-engineer services..., structural, electrical, mechanical, and fire protection), producing the technical specifications and drawings...

48 CFR 36.102 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... CONTRACTING CONSTRUCTION AND ARCHITECT-ENGINEER CONTRACTS General 36.102 Definitions. As used in this part— Contract is intended to refer to a contract for construction or a contract for architect-engineer services..., structural, electrical, mechanical, and fire protection), producing the technical specifications and drawings...

48 CFR 36.102 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... CONTRACTING CONSTRUCTION AND ARCHITECT-ENGINEER CONTRACTS General 36.102 Definitions. As used in this part— Contract is intended to refer to a contract for construction or a contract for architect-engineer services..., structural, electrical, mechanical, and fire protection), producing the technical specifications and drawings...

48 CFR 36.102 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... CONTRACTING CONSTRUCTION AND ARCHITECT-ENGINEER CONTRACTS General 36.102 Definitions. As used in this part— Contract is intended to refer to a contract for construction or a contract for architect-engineer services..., structural, electrical, mechanical, and fire protection), producing the technical specifications and drawings...

The effect of insulated combustion chamber surfaces on direct-injected diesel engine performance, emissions, and combustion

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dickey, Daniel W.; Vinyard, Shannon; Keribar, Rifat

1988-01-01

The combustion chamber of a single-cylinder, direct-injected diesel engine was insulated with ceramic coatings to determine the effect of low heat rejection (LHR) operation on engine performance, emissions, and combustion. In comparison to the baseline cooled engine, the LHR engine had lower thermal efficiency, with higher smoke, particulate, and full load carbon monoxide emissions. The unburned hydrocarbon emissions were reduced across the load range. The nitrous oxide emissions increased at some part-load conditions and were reduced slightly at full loads. The poor LHR engine performance was attributed to degraded combustion characterized by less premixed burning, lower heat release rates, and longer combustion duration compared to the baseline cooled engine.

Tailoring of EIA-649-1: Definition of Major (Class I) Engineering Change Proposal

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-05-15

MISSILE SYSTEMS CENTER TAILORING TAILORING OF EIA -649-1: DEFINITION OF MAJOR (CLASS I) ENGINEERING CHANGE PROPOSAL APPROVED FOR...PUBLIC RELEASE; DISTRIBUTION IS UNLIMITED 1 Tailoring of EIA -649-1: Definition of Major (Class I) ECP. 1. Intent of this Tailoring Document...This tailoring document remedies a requirements gap in the industry consensus standard, EIA -649-1: 2015. Specifically, this tailoring provides a

Definition study for variable cycle engine testbed engine and associated test program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Vdoviak, J. W.

1978-01-01

The product/study double bypass variable cycle engine (VCE) was updated to incorporate recent improvements. The effect of these improvements on mission range and noise levels was determined. This engine design was then compared with current existing high-technology core engines in order to define a subscale testbed configuration that simulated many of the critical technology features of the product/study VCE. Detailed preliminary program plans were then developed for the design, fabrication, and static test of the selected testbed engine configuration. These plans included estimated costs and schedules for the detail design, fabrication and test of the testbed engine and the definition of a test program, test plan, schedule, instrumentation, and test stand requirements.

A Dictionary of Acquisition and Contracting Terms

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-12-01

consolidated national effort had been undertaken in this regard. Various individuals, commands and schools have attempted to assemble elements of definitions...however, the lack of a consolidated effort has caused a disparity in the definitions of terms. Previous graduate theses have researched definitions and...Supply Corps (SC), United States Navy (USN) initiated the consolidation of baseline consensus definitions in 1988. In 1989, Captain (CPT) John Cannaday

23 CFR 172.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

..., design, engineering, surveying, mapping, or architectural related services with respect to a construction... DESIGN RELATED SERVICE CONTRACTS § 172.3 Definitions. As used in this part: Audit means a review to test... individual or firm providing engineering and design related services as a party to the contract. Contracting...

23 CFR 172.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

..., design, engineering, surveying, mapping, or architectural related services with respect to a construction... DESIGN RELATED SERVICE CONTRACTS § 172.3 Definitions. As used in this part: Audit means a review to test... individual or firm providing engineering and design related services as a party to the contract. Contracting...

23 CFR 172.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

..., design, engineering, surveying, mapping, or architectural related services with respect to a construction... DESIGN RELATED SERVICE CONTRACTS § 172.3 Definitions. As used in this part: Audit means a review to test... individual or firm providing engineering and design related services as a party to the contract. Contracting...

23 CFR 172.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

..., design, engineering, surveying, mapping, or architectural related services with respect to a construction... DESIGN RELATED SERVICE CONTRACTS § 172.3 Definitions. As used in this part: Audit means a review to test... individual or firm providing engineering and design related services as a party to the contract. Contracting...

23 CFR 172.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

..., design, engineering, surveying, mapping, or architectural related services with respect to a construction... DESIGN RELATED SERVICE CONTRACTS § 172.3 Definitions. As used in this part: Audit means a review to test... individual or firm providing engineering and design related services as a party to the contract. Contracting...

48 CFR 48.001 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... VALUE ENGINEERING 48.001 Definitions. As used in this subpart— Acquisition savings means savings resulting from the application of a value engineering change proposal (VECP) to contracts awarded by the...) Instant contract savings, that are the net cost reductions on the contract under which the VECP is...

Astronomy sortie missions definition study. Volume 2, book 2: Appendix

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1972-01-01

An updated and coordinated baseline experiment definition document is presented for each of the candidate astronomy sortie mission telescopes and arrays. The experiment objectives, requirements, interfaces, timelines, and programmatic considerations are included.

New Directions for Biomedical Engineering

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Plonsey, Robert

1973-01-01

Discusses the definition of "biomedical engineering" and the development of educational programs in the field. Includes detailed descriptions of the roles of bioengineers, medical engineers, and chemical engineers. (CC)

Engineering Geodesy - Definition and Core Competencies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kuhlmann, Heiner; Schwieger, Volker; Wieser, Andreas; Niemeier, Wolfgang

2014-11-01

This article summarises discussions concerning the definition of "engineering geodesy" within the German Geodetic Commission. It is noted that engineering geodesy by means of its tasks, methods and characteristics is an application-oriented science whose research questions often arise from observed phenomena or from unsolved practical problems. In particular it is characterised by the professional handling of geometry-related problems in a cost-effective manner that includes comprehensive quality assessment at all phases of the problem solution - from planning through measurement to data processing and interpretation. The current methodical developments are primarily characterised by the increasing integration of the measurement and analysis into challenging construction, production and monitoring processes as well as by the transition to spatially continuous methods. A modern definition of engineering geodesy is proposed at the end of this article.

Computational System For Rapid CFD Analysis In Engineering

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Barson, Steven L.; Ascoli, Edward P.; Decroix, Michelle E.; Sindir, Munir M.

1995-01-01

Computational system comprising modular hardware and software sub-systems developed to accelerate and facilitate use of techniques of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in engineering environment. Addresses integration of all aspects of CFD analysis process, including definition of hardware surfaces, generation of computational grids, CFD flow solution, and postprocessing. Incorporates interfaces for integration of all hardware and software tools needed to perform complete CFD analysis. Includes tools for efficient definition of flow geometry, generation of computational grids, computation of flows on grids, and postprocessing of flow data. System accepts geometric input from any of three basic sources: computer-aided design (CAD), computer-aided engineering (CAE), or definition by user.

33 CFR 211.72 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Definitions. 211.72 Section 211.72 Navigation and Navigable Waters CORPS OF ENGINEERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE REAL ESTATE ACTIVITIES OF THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS IN CONNECTION WITH CIVIL WORKS PROJECTS Sale of Lands...

Self-reported concussion history: impact of providing a definition of concussion

PubMed Central

Robbins, Clifford A; Daneshvar, Daniel H; Picano, John D; Gavett, Brandon E; Baugh, Christine M; Riley, David O; Nowinski, Christopher J; McKee, Ann C; Cantu, Robert C; Stern, Robert A

2014-01-01

Background In recent years, the understanding of concussion has evolved in the research and medical communities to include more subtle and transient symptoms. The accepted definition of concussion in these communities has reflected this change. However, it is unclear whether this shift is also reflected in the understanding of the athletic community. What is known about the subject Self-reported concussion history is an inaccurate assessment of someone’s lifetime exposure to concussive brain trauma. However, unfortunately, in many cases it is the only available tool. Hypothesis/purpose We hypothesize that athletes’ self-reported concussion histories will be significantly greater after reading them the current definition of concussion, relative to the reporting when no definition was provided. An increase from baseline to post-definition response will suggest that athletes are unaware of the currently accepted medical definition. Study design Cross-sectional study of 472 current and former athletes. Methods Investigators conducted structured telephone interviews with current and former athletes between January 2010 and January 2013, asking participants to report how many concussions they had received in their lives. Interviewers then read participants a current definition of concussion, and asked them to re-estimate based on that definition. Results The two estimates were significantly different (Wilcoxon signed rank test: z=15.636, P<0.001). Comparison of the baseline and post-definition medians (7 and 15, respectively) indicated that the post-definition estimate was approximately twice the baseline. Follow-up analyses indicated that this effect was consistent across all levels of competition examined and across type of sport (contact versus non-contact). Conclusion Our results indicate that athletes’ current understandings of concussions are not consistent with a currently accepted medical definition. We strongly recommend that clinicians and researchers preface requests for self-reported concussion history with a definition. In addition, it is extremely important that researchers report the definition they used in published manuscripts of their work. What this study adds to existing knowledge Our study shows that unprompted reporting of concussion history produces results that are significantly different from those provided after a definition has been given, suggesting one possible mechanism to improve the reliability of self-reported concussion history across multiple individuals. PMID:24891816

NASA TSRV essential flight control system requirements via object oriented analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Duffy, Keith S.; Hoza, Bradley J.

1992-01-01

The objective was to analyze the baseline flight control system of the Transport Systems Research Vehicle (TSRV) and to develop a system specification that offers high visibility of the essential system requirements in order to facilitate the future development of alternate, more advanced software architectures. The flight control system is defined to be the baseline software for the TSRV research flight deck, including all navigation, guidance, and control functions, and primary pilot displays. The Object Oriented Analysis (OOA) methodology developed is used to develop a system requirement definition. The scope of the requirements definition contained herein is limited to a portion of the Flight Management/Flight Control computer functionality. The development of a partial system requirements definition is documented, and includes a discussion of the tasks required to increase the scope of the requirements definition and recommendations for follow-on research.

Performance Benefits for Wave Rotor-Topped Gas Turbine Engines

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jones, Scott M.; Welch, Gerard E.

1996-01-01

The benefits of wave rotor-topping in turboshaft engines, subsonic high-bypass turbofan engines, auxiliary power units, and ground power units are evaluated. The thermodynamic cycle performance is modeled using a one-dimensional steady-state code; wave rotor performance is modeled using one-dimensional design/analysis codes. Design and off-design engine performance is calculated for baseline engines and wave rotor-topped engines, where the wave rotor acts as a high pressure spool. The wave rotor-enhanced engines are shown to have benefits in specific power and specific fuel flow over the baseline engines without increasing turbine inlet temperature. The off-design steady-state behavior of a wave rotor-topped engine is shown to be similar to a conventional engine. Mission studies are performed to quantify aircraft performance benefits for various wave rotor cycle and weight parameters. Gas turbine engine cycles most likely to benefit from wave rotor-topping are identified. Issues of practical integration and the corresponding technical challenges with various engine types are discussed.

40 CFR 1039.801 - What definitions apply to this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... operation in water. Auxiliary emission-control device means any element of design that senses temperature... element of design that controls or reduces the emissions of regulated pollutants from an engine. Emission... POLLUTION CONTROLS CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE NONROAD COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES Definitions...

40 CFR 1039.801 - What definitions apply to this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... operation in water. Auxiliary emission-control device means any element of design that senses temperature... element of design that controls or reduces the emissions of regulated pollutants from an engine. Emission... POLLUTION CONTROLS CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE NONROAD COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES Definitions...

40 CFR 1039.801 - What definitions apply to this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... operation in water. Auxiliary emission-control device means any element of design that senses temperature... element of design that controls or reduces the emissions of regulated pollutants from an engine. Emission... POLLUTION CONTROLS CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE NONROAD COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES Definitions...

40 CFR 85.1715 - Aircraft meeting the definition of motor vehicle.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 18 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Aircraft meeting the definition of motor vehicle. 85.1715 Section 85.1715 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... aircraft engines. Standards apply separately to certain aircraft engines, as described in 40 CFR part 87...

40 CFR 85.1715 - Aircraft meeting the definition of motor vehicle.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 18 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Aircraft meeting the definition of motor vehicle. 85.1715 Section 85.1715 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... aircraft engines. Standards apply separately to certain aircraft engines, as described in 40 CFR part 87...

32 CFR 165.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

.... That includes costs of any engineering change proposals initiated before the date of calculations of...-house DoD effort. This includes costs of any engineering change proposal started before the date of... NONRECURRING COSTS ON SALES OF U.S. ITEMS § 165.3 Definitions. (a) Cost pool. Represents the total cost to be...

Issues in Engineering Self-Aware and Self-Expressive Ensembles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hölzl, Matthias; Wirsing, Martin

The following sections are included: * Introduction * Classifying Awareness and Self-Expression * Elements of the awareness mechanism * A white-box definition of awareness * Self-expression * A black-box definition of awareness * Awareness Engineering * Socio-Technical Issues * Privacy, ownership and control of data * Discrimination and responsibility * Failuremodes * Summary and Conclusions

Natural Environments Definition for Design

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Justh, H. L.; Altino, K. M.; Decker, R. K.; Koehler, H. M.; Leahy, F. B.; Minow, J. I.; Roberts, B. C.; Suggs, R. M.; Suggs, R. J.; White, P. W.;

Teleoperator Human Factors Study

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1986-01-01

An investigation of the spectrum of space teleoperation activities likely in the 1985 to 1995 decade focused on the resolution of critical human engineering issues and characterization of the technology effect on performance of remote human operators. The study began with the identification and documentation of a set of representative reference teleoperator tasks. For each task, technology, development, and design options, issues, and alternatives that bear on human operator performance were defined and categorized. A literature survey identified existing studies of man/machine issues. For each teleoperations category, an assessment was made of the state of knowledge on a scale from adequate to void. The tests, experiments, and analyses necessary to provide the missing elements of knowledge were then defined. A limited set of tests were actually performed, including operator selection, baseline task definition, control mode study, lighting study, camera study, and preliminary time delay study.

Optimization of a Turboprop UAV for Maximum Loiter and Specific Power Using Genetic Algorithm

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dinc, Ali

2016-09-01

In this study, a genuine code was developed for optimization of selected parameters of a turboprop engine for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) by employing elitist genetic algorithm. First, preliminary sizing of a UAV and its turboprop engine was done, by the code in a given mission profile. Secondly, single and multi-objective optimization were done for selected engine parameters to maximize loiter duration of UAV or specific power of engine or both. In single objective optimization, as first case, UAV loiter time was improved with an increase of 17.5% from baseline in given boundaries or constraints of compressor pressure ratio and burner exit temperature. In second case, specific power was enhanced by 12.3% from baseline. In multi-objective optimization case, where previous two objectives are considered together, loiter time and specific power were increased by 14.2% and 9.7% from baseline respectively, for the same constraints.

Viper. [Design modification

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gilbert, L. E. Paul; Berry, Cassie; Lamborn, Dana; Murphy, Jack; Okelly, Chris

1993-01-01

A Viper aircraft was redesigned with a new airfoil and engine to verify if improvements can be made to the baseline configuration. The two major redesigning processes were: replacing the baseline aircraft's NACA 652-415 airfoil with an NLF 0414 Natural Laminar Flow airfoil, and the baseline aircraft's Lycoming 0-235 engine with a Teledyne Continental GR-36 rotary combustion engine. As a result of these changes: (1) the Viper aircraft becomes smaller in most respects (gross weight, wing platform area, and horizontal tail area); (2) overall drag of the aircraft decreased (due to reduction in area and the reduced drug of the new airfoil); (3) cruise velocity, the maximum rate of climb at sea level, and takeoff distance (but not landing distance) decreased; and (4) cost increased. Although the overall drag decreased, the performance remained about the same due to the reduced horsepower available from the Teledyne Continental engine.

Reliability techniques in the petroleum industry

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Williams, H. L.

1971-01-01

Quantitative reliability evaluation methods used in the Apollo Spacecraft Program are translated into petroleum industry requirements with emphasis on offsetting reliability demonstration costs and limited production runs. Described are the qualitative disciplines applicable, the definitions and criteria that accompany the disciplines, and the generic application of these disciplines to the chemical industry. The disciplines are then translated into proposed definitions and criteria for the industry, into a base-line reliability plan that includes these disciplines, and into application notes to aid in adapting the base-line plan to a specific operation.

Baseline Skills Assessment of the US Army Research Laboratory

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-01-01

level definitions Level Definition 1 Basic understanding, minimal experience 2 More specific understanding, some level of application 3 Expertise...polymers 1 Energy absorbers 2 Computational material modeling 1 Powder metallurgy 1 Tribology 1 Non-destructive inspection 1 Advanced

Air traffic control system baseline methodology guide.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-06-01

The Air Traffic Control System Baseline Methodology Guide serves as a reference in the design and conduct of baseline studies. : Engineering research psychologists are the intended audience for the Methodology Guide, which focuses primarily on techni...

46 CFR 2.45-1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Activities § 2.45-1 Definitions. The following definitions apply to this subpart: Administration means the..., and/or through life compliance of a ship's structure and essential engineering and electrical systems...

23 CFR 635.203 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Definitions. 635.203 Section 635.203 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE Force Account Construction § 635.203 Definitions. The following definitions shall apply for the...

A Rocket Powered Single-Stage-to-Orbit Launch Vehicle With U.S. and Soviet Engineers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

MacConochie, Ian O.; Stnaley, Douglas O.

1991-01-01

A single-stage-to-orbit launch vehicle is used to assess the applicability of Soviet Energia high-pressure-hydrocarbon engine to advanced U.S. manned space transportation systems. Two of the Soviet engines are used with three Space Shuttle Main Engines. When applied to a baseline vehicle that utilized advanced hydrocarbon engines, the higher weight of the Soviet engines resulted in a 20 percent loss of payload capability and necessitated a change in the crew compartment size and location from mid-body to forebody in order to balance the vehicle. Various combinations of Soviet and Shuttle engines were evaluated for comparison purposes, including an all hydrogen system using all Space Shuttle Main Engines. Operational aspects of the baseline vehicle are also discussed. A new mass properties program entitles Weights and Moments of Inertia (WAMI) is used in the study.

40 CFR 1048.801 - What definitions apply to this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

.... 7401-7671q. Adjustable parameter means any device, system, or element of design that someone can adjust... design function is to decrease emissions in the engine exhaust before it is exhausted to the environment... engine that is designed to run using an alcohol fuel. For purposes of this definition, alcohol fuels do...

40 CFR 1048.801 - What definitions apply to this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

.... 7401-7671q. Adjustable parameter means any device, system, or element of design that someone can adjust... design function is to decrease emissions in the engine exhaust before it is exhausted to the environment... engine that is designed to run using an alcohol fuel. For purposes of this definition, alcohol fuels do...

National Wetland Plant List Indicator Rating Definitions

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-07-01

ER D C/ CR RE L TN -1 2- 1 National Wetland Plant List Indicator Rating Definitions Co ld R eg io ns R es ea rc h an d En gi ne er in... Rating Definitions Robert W. Lichvar Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center 72 Lyme...status ratings in the United States. In 2012 the list, now called the National Wetland Plant List, was updated and approved for use for various

Design definition of the Laser Atmospheric Wind Sounder (LAWS), phase 2. Volume 1: Executive summary

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1992-01-01

The LAWS phase 1 and phase 2 studies have been completed on schedule and have led to significant advances in CO2 laser development. The Phase 2 Design Definition Study has shown that a large scanning mirror/high pulse energy laser LAWS Instrument is feasible and within the existing technology. The capability to monitor wind velocities with backscatter ratios of 10(exp 11) m(exp -1) SR(exp -1) is feasible. The weight budget allocated for the baseline LAWS is adequate, and sufficient reserves exist with the potential downsized configuration. With the possible decrease in available power from the baseline of 2.2 kW guideline, power and shot management is critical for the baseline configuration (15 to 20 J). This is particularly true during the 100 day occultation period each year. With the downsized configurations (5 to 7 J), power management is still necessary during the occultation but is primarily limited to shot management over the polar regions. The breadboard effort has produced significant laser advances for a tight 18 month schedule and the minimum budgets available from NASA, Lockheed, and TDS. Using the NASA funds and Lockheed and TDS fixed assets budgets, the breadboard was designed, fabricated, and brought on-line with first laser light within 16 months after ATP. First laser beam was obtained on 21 April 1992 at a 5 J power level. Tests since then have been conducted at sustained, repetitive pulse levels of over 7 J and 20 Hz. This is an increase of over two or three times greater than any system previously developed from this type laser. Increased power levels and additional life tests will be accomplished in the next LAWS phase. The Lockheed LAWS design will operate in the gravity gradient mode on-orbit, and all possible instrument vibration and jitter modes have been considered. Adequate pointing stability and control is state-of-the-art technology for the critical time periods, frequency rates, and control responses required by LAWS. Lockheed recommends a 6-1/2 year phase C/D program for LAWS to provide adequate feedback from the engineering unit and the qualification unit to the final flight unit. Assuming a one year period for LAWS integration to the spacecraft, followed by a six-month period for launch vehicle integration, LAWS could be successfully developed and launched in eight years. Our baseline design or downsized design can be accommodated by either the Atlas 2AS or the Delta launch vehicles. Lockheed's recommendation is that, based on the successful phase 2 design study and breadboard program, a follow-on 18 month extended breadboard testing program and additional system engineering studies, primarily in interfacing with a to be defined platform, be initiated. This should be immediately followed by the phase C/D program, leading to a LAWS launch in late 2001 or early 2002.

40 CFR 87.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... engines. Class TF means all turbofan or turbojet aircraft engines or aircraft engines designed for... turbine engines employed for propulsion of aircraft designed to operate at supersonic flight speeds... Model means all commercial aircraft turbine engines which are of the same general series, displacement...

40 CFR 87.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... engines. Class TF means all turbofan or turbojet aircraft engines or aircraft engines designed for... turbine engines employed for propulsion of aircraft designed to operate at supersonic flight speeds... Model means all commercial aircraft turbine engines which are of the same general series, displacement...

40 CFR 87.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... engines. Class TF means all turbofan or turbojet aircraft engines or aircraft engines designed for... turbine engines employed for propulsion of aircraft designed to operate at supersonic flight speeds... Model means all commercial aircraft turbine engines which are of the same general series, displacement...

Dual-fuel, dual-throat engine preliminary analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Obrien, C. J.

1979-01-01

A propulsion system analysis of the dual fuel, dual throat engine for launch vehicle applications was conducted. Basic dual throat engine characterization data were obtained to allow vehicle optimization studies to be conducted. A preliminary baseline engine system was defined.

50 CFR 648.82 - Effort-control program for NE multispecies limited access vessels.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... time at sea assisting in a USCG search and rescue operation or assisting the USCG in towing a disabled... only may lease DAS to a Lessee vessel with a baseline main engine horsepower rating that is no more than 20 percent greater than the baseline engine horsepower of the Lessor vessel. A Lessor vessel may...

Parametric Study of a Mach 2.4 Transport Engine with Supersonic Through-Flow Rotor and Supersonic Counter-Rotating Diffuser (SSTR/SSCRD)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tran, Donald H.

2004-01-01

A parametric study is conducted to evaluate a mixed-flow turbofan equipped with a supersonic through-flow rotor and a supersonic counter-rotating diffuser (SSTR/SSCRD) for a Mach 2.4 civil transport. Engine cycle, weight, and mission analyses are performed to obtain a minimum takeoff gross weight aircraft. With the presence of SSTR/SSCRD, the inlet can be shortened to provide better pressure recovery. For the same engine airflow, the inlet, nacelle, and pylon weights are estimated to be 73 percent lighter than those of a conventional inlet. The fan weight is 31 percent heavier, but overall the installed engine pod weight is 11 percent lighter than the current high-speed civil transport baseline conventional mixed-flow turbofan. The installed specific fuel consumption of the supersonic fan engine is 2 percent higher than that of the baseline turbofan at supersonic cruise. Finally, the optimum SSTR/SSCRD airplane meets the FAR36 Stage 3 noise limit and is within 7 percent of the baseline turbofan airplane takeoff gross weight over a 5000-n mi mission.

14 CFR 26.41 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Data for Repairs and Alterations § 26.41 Definitions. Affects (or Affected) means structure has been... increased or redistributed. Baseline structure means structure that is designed under the original type certificate or amended type certificate for that airplane model. Damage Tolerance Evaluation (DTE) means a...

14 CFR 26.41 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Data for Repairs and Alterations § 26.41 Definitions. Affects (or Affected) means structure has been... increased or redistributed. Baseline structure means structure that is designed under the original type certificate or amended type certificate for that airplane model. Damage Tolerance Evaluation (DTE) means a...

Preliminary definition of a lunar landing and launch facility (Complex 39L)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Matthews, H. Dennis; Jenson, Eric B.; Linsley, Jerald N.

1992-01-01

A preliminary definition of a lunar landing and launch facility has been formulated. A permanently manned lunar base and a baseline lunar module are assumed. The major features of the facility are specified and major design areas are described.

Distributed Turboelectric Propulsion for Hybrid Wing Body Aircraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kim, Hyun Dae; Brown, Gerald V.; Felder, James L.

2008-01-01

Meeting future goals for aircraft and air traffic system performance will require new airframes with more highly integrated propulsion. Previous studies have evaluated hybrid wing body (HWB) configurations with various numbers of engines and with increasing degrees of propulsion-airframe integration. A recently published configuration with 12 small engines partially embedded in a HWB aircraft, reviewed herein, serves as the airframe baseline for the new concept aircraft that is the subject of this paper. To achieve high cruise efficiency, a high lift-to-drag ratio HWB was adopted as the baseline airframe along with boundary layer ingestion inlets and distributed thrust nozzles to fill in the wakes generated by the vehicle. The distributed powered-lift propulsion concept for the baseline vehicle used a simple, high-lift-capable internally blown flap or jet flap system with a number of small high bypass ratio turbofan engines in the airframe. In that concept, the engine flow path from the inlet to the nozzle is direct and does not involve complicated internal ducts through the airframe to redistribute the engine flow. In addition, partially embedded engines, distributed along the upper surface of the HWB airframe, provide noise reduction through airframe shielding and promote jet flow mixing with the ambient airflow. To improve performance and to reduce noise and environmental impact even further, a drastic change in the propulsion system is proposed in this paper. The new concept adopts the previous baseline cruise-efficient short take-off and landing (CESTOL) airframe but employs a number of superconducting motors to drive the distributed fans rather than using many small conventional engines. The power to drive these electric fans is generated by two remotely located gas-turbine-driven superconducting generators. This arrangement allows many small partially embedded fans while retaining the superior efficiency of large core engines, which are physically separated but connected through electric power lines to the fans. This paper presents a brief description of the earlier CESTOL vehicle concept and the newly proposed electrically driven fan concept vehicle, using the previous CESTOL vehicle as a baseline.

76 FR 30529 - Airworthiness Directives; Rolls-Royce plc (RR) RB211-535 Series Turbofan Engines

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-26

... Airworthiness Directives; Rolls-Royce plc (RR) RB211-535 Series Turbofan Engines AGENCY: Federal Aviation... To Change Related Information Paragraph One commenter, Rolls-Royce plc asked us to use a different... Airlines, and Rolls-Royce plc asked us to change the definition of a shop visit to the definition in the...

Beyond the Baseline: Proceedings of the Space Station Evolution Symposium. Volume 2, Part 2; Space Station Freedom Advanced Development Program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1990-01-01

This report contains the individual presentations delivered at the Space Station Evolution Symposium in League City, Texas on February 6, 7, 8, 1990. Personnel responsible for Advanced Systems Studies and Advanced Development within the Space Station Freedom program reported on the results of their work to date. Systems Studies presentations focused on identifying the baseline design provisions (hooks and scars) necessary to enable evolution of the facility to support changing space policy and anticipated user needs. Also emphasized were evolution configuration and operations concepts including on-orbit processing of space transfer vehicles. Advanced Development task managers discussed transitioning advanced technologies to the baseline program, including those near-term technologies which will enhance the safety and productivity of the crew and the reliability of station systems. Special emphasis was placed on applying advanced automation technology to ground and flight systems. This publication consists of two volumes. Volume 1 contains the results of the advanced system studies with the emphasis on reference evolution configurations, system design requirements and accommodations, and long-range technology projections. Volume 2 reports on advanced development tasks within the Transition Definition Program. Products of these tasks include: engineering fidelity demonstrations and evaluations on Station development testbeds and Shuttle-based flight experiments; detailed requirements and performance specifications which address advanced technology implementation issues; and mature applications and the tools required for the development, implementation, and support of advanced technology within the Space Station Freedom Program.

Definition of the Engineering Method.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Koen, Billy Vaughn

In an effort to more clearly define the engineering method, this document attempts to draw distinctions between engineering and science. Part I, "Some Thoughts on Engineering," discusses strategies that engineers employ to solve problems, and the characteristics of the types of engineering problems. Part II, "The Principal Rule of the Engineering…

Phase 1 of the First Solar Small Power System Experiment (experimental System No. 1). Volume 2: Appendix A - D

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Clark, T. B. (Editor)

1979-01-01

Recommended conceptual designs for the baseline solar concentrator and electrical subsystems are defined, and trade offs that were evaluated to arrive at the baseline systems are presented. In addition, the developmental history of the Stirling engine is reviewed, the U4 configuration is described, and a Stirling engine heat pipe system is evaluated for solar application where sodium vapor is used as the heat source. An organic Rankine cycle engine is also evaluated for solar small power system application.

Setting the Stage for Harmonized Risk Assessment by Seismic Hazard Harmonization in Europe (SHARE)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Woessner, Jochen; Giardini, Domenico; SHARE Consortium

2010-05-01

Probabilistic seismic hazard assessment (PSHA) is arguably one of the most useful products that seismology can offer to society. PSHA characterizes the best available knowledge on the seismic hazard of a study area, ideally taking into account all sources of uncertainty. Results form the baseline for informed decision making, such as building codes or insurance rates and provide essential input to each risk assessment application. Several large scale national and international projects have recently been launched aimed at improving and harmonizing PSHA standards around the globe. SHARE (www.share-eu.org) is the European Commission funded project in the Framework Programme 7 (FP-7) that will create an updated, living seismic hazard model for the Euro-Mediterranean region. SHARE is a regional component of the Global Earthquake Model (GEM, www.globalquakemodel.org), a public/private partnership initiated and approved by the Global Science Forum of the OECD-GSF. GEM aims to be the uniform, independent and open access standard to calculate and communicate earthquake hazard and risk worldwide. SHARE itself will deliver measurable progress in all steps leading to a harmonized assessment of seismic hazard - in the definition of engineering requirements, in the collection of input data, in procedures for hazard assessment, and in engineering applications. SHARE scientists will create a unified framework and computational infrastructure for seismic hazard assessment and produce an integrated European probabilistic seismic hazard assessment (PSHA) model and specific scenario based modeling tools. The results will deliver long-lasting structural impact in areas of societal and economic relevance, they will serve as reference for the Eurocode 8 (EC8) application, and will provide homogeneous input for the correct seismic safety assessment for critical industry, such as the energy infrastructures and the re-insurance sector. SHARE will cover the whole European territory, the Maghreb countries in the Southern Mediterranean and Turkey in the Eastern Mediterranean. By strongly including the seismic engineering community, the project maintains a direct connection to the Eurocode 8 applications and the definition of the Nationally Determined Parameters, through the participation of the CEN/TC250/SC8 committee in the definition of the output specification requirements and in the hazard validation. SHARE will thus produce direct outputs for risk assessment. With this contribution, we focus on providing an overview of the goals and current achievement of the project.

Tank waste remediation system multi-year work plan

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

The Tank Waste Remediation System (TWRS) Multi-Year Work Plan (MYWP) documents the detailed total Program baseline and was constructed to guide Program execution. The TWRS MYWP is one of two elements that comprise the TWRS Program Management Plan. The TWRS MYWP fulfills the Hanford Site Management System requirement for a Multi-Year Program Plan and a Fiscal-Year Work Plan. The MYWP addresses program vision, mission, objectives, strategy, functions and requirements, risks, decisions, assumptions, constraints, structure, logic, schedule, resource requirements, and waste generation and disposition. Sections 1 through 6, Section 8, and the appendixes provide program-wide information. Section 7 includes a subsectionmore » for each of the nine program elements that comprise the TWRS Program. The foundation of any program baseline is base planning data (e.g., defendable product definition, logic, schedules, cost estimates, and bases of estimates). The TWRS Program continues to improve base data. As data improve, so will program element planning, integration between program elements, integration outside of the TWRS Program, and the overall quality of the TWRS MYWP. The MYWP establishes the TWRS baseline objectives to store, treat, and immobilize highly radioactive Hanford waste in an environmentally sound, safe, and cost-effective manner. The TWRS Program will complete the baseline mission in 2040 and will incur costs totalling approximately 40 billion dollars. The summary strategy is to meet the above objectives by using a robust systems engineering effort, placing the highest possible priority on safety and environmental protection; encouraging {open_quotes}out sourcing{close_quotes} of the work to the extent practical; and managing significant but limited resources to move toward final disposition of tank wastes, while openly communicating with all interested stakeholders.« less

Tank waste remediation system multi-year work plan

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1994-09-01

The Tank Waste Remediation System (TWRS) Multi-Year Work Plan (MYWP) documents the detailed total Program baseline and was constructed to guide Program execution. The TWRS MYWP is one of two elements that comprise the TWRS Program Management Plan. The TWRS MYWP fulfills the Hanford Site Management System requirement for a Multi-Year Program Plan and a Fiscal-Year Work Plan. The MYWP addresses program vision, mission, objectives, strategy, functions and requirements, risks, decisions, assumptions, constraints, structure, logic, schedule, resource requirements, and waste generation and disposition. Sections 1 through 6, Section 8, and the appendixes provide program-wide information. Section 7 includes a subsectionmore » for each of the nine program elements that comprise the TWRS Program. The foundation of any program baseline is base planning data (e.g., defendable product definition, logic, schedules, cost estimates, and bases of estimates). The TWRS Program continues to improve base data. As data improve, so will program element planning, integration between program elements, integration outside of the TWRS Program, and the overall quality of the TWRS MYWP. The MYWP establishes the TWRS baseline objectives to store, treat, and immobilize highly radioactive Hanford waste in an environmentally sound, safe, and cost-effective manner. The TWRS Program will complete the baseline mission in 2040 and will incur costs totalling approximately 40 billion dollars. The summary strategy is to meet the above objectives by using a robust systems engineering effort, placing the highest possible priority on safety and environmental protection; encouraging {open_quotes}out sourcing{close_quotes} of the work to the extent practical; and managing significant but limited resources to move toward final disposition of tank wastes, while openly communicating with all interested stakeholders.« less

Five-Year Incidence of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma and Rate of Progression in Health Center-Based Korean Population: The Gangnam Eye Study

PubMed Central

Jeoung, Jin Wook; Park, Ki Ho; Kim, Dong Myung

2014-01-01

Objective To investigate the 5-year incidence and progression rate of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in a health-center-based Korean population. Methods The study population comprised 5,021 subjects who participated in standardized health screening (including non-contact tonometry and fundus photography) at the Gangnam Healthcare Center during the period from January 2005 to December 2006 and again from January 2010 to December 2011. Among these subjects, 948 (18.9%) with findings suggestive of glaucoma were subjected to a comprehensive glaucoma evaluation, which included applanation tonometry and standard automated perimetry. Based on the results, the subjects were diagnosed as POAG suspect or definite POAG. Results The 5-year incidences of POAG suspect and definite POAG were 0.84% (42 subjects) and 0.72% (36 subjects), respectively. The rate of progression from POAG suspect to definite POAG was 4.75% per year. In subjects with a baseline intraocular pressure (IOP) >21 mmHg, the incidence of POAG suspect or definite POAG was significantly higher than in those with a baseline IOP≤21 mmHg (32% vs. 1.05%; P<0.001). A multivariate analysis showed that the progression from POAG suspect to definite POAG was significantly associated with older age (odds ratio [OR], 1.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03–1.10), higher baseline IOP (OR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.01–1.24), higher body mass index (BMI) (OR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.03–1.31), higher education level (OR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.05–2.17), and higher hematocrit level (OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.08–1.43). Conclusions In the health-center-based Korean population, the 5-year incidence of POAG was 0.72%, and the rate of progression from POAG suspect to definite POAG was 4.75% per year. This study identified old age, high baseline IOP, high BMI, high level of education, and high hematocrit level as significant risk factors for incident POAG. PMID:25474589

Small Engine Component Technology (SECT) studies

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Meyer, P. K.; Harbour, L.

1986-01-01

A study was conducted to identify component technology requirements for small, expendable gas turbine engines that would result in substantial improvements in performance and cost by the year 2000. A subsonic, 2600 nautical mile (4815 km) strategic cruise missile mission was selected for study. A baseline (state-of-the-art) engine and missile configuration were defined to evaluate the advanced technology engines. Two advanced technology engines were configured and evaluated using advanced component efficiencies and ceramic composite materials; a 22:1 overall pressure ratio, 3.85 bypass ratio twin-spool turbofan; and an 8:1 overall pressure, 3.66 bypass ratio, single-spool recuperated turbofan with 0.85 recuperator effectiveness. Results of mission analysis indicated a reduction in fuel burn of 38 and 47 percent compared to the baseline engine when using the advanced turbofan and recuperated turbofan, respectively. While use of either advanced engine resulted in approximately a 25 percent reduction in missile size, the unit life cycle (LCC) cost reduction of 56 percent for the advanced turbofan relative to the baseline engine gave it a decisive advantage over the recuperated turbofan with 47 percent LCC reduction. An additional range improvement of 10 percent results when using a 56 percent loaded carbon slurry fuel with either engine. These results can be realized only if significant progress is attained in the fields of solid lubricated bearings, small aerodynamic component performance, composite ceramic materials and integration of slurry fuels. A technology plan outlining prospective programs in these fields is presented.

40 CFR 91.1002 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... EMISSIONS FROM MARINE SPARK-IGNITION ENGINES Exclusion and Exemption of Marine SI Engines § 91.1002... means an exemption granted under § 91.1104(b) for the purpose of exporting new marine SI engines... national security. Manufacturer-owned marine engine means an uncertified marine SI engine owned and...

40 CFR 91.1002 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... EMISSIONS FROM MARINE SPARK-IGNITION ENGINES Exclusion and Exemption of Marine SI Engines § 91.1002... means an exemption granted under § 91.1104(b) for the purpose of exporting new marine SI engines... national security. Manufacturer-owned marine engine means an uncertified marine SI engine owned and...

40 CFR 91.1002 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... EMISSIONS FROM MARINE SPARK-IGNITION ENGINES Exclusion and Exemption of Marine SI Engines § 91.1002... means an exemption granted under § 91.1104(b) for the purpose of exporting new marine SI engines... national security. Manufacturer-owned marine engine means an uncertified marine SI engine owned and...

40 CFR 91.1002 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... EMISSIONS FROM MARINE SPARK-IGNITION ENGINES Exclusion and Exemption of Marine SI Engines § 91.1002... means an exemption granted under § 91.1104(b) for the purpose of exporting new marine SI engines... national security. Manufacturer-owned marine engine means an uncertified marine SI engine owned and...

Simple case definition of clinical benign prostatic hyperplasia, based on International Prostate Symptom Score, predicts general practitioner consultation rates.

PubMed

Kok, Esther T; Bohnen, Arthur M; Jonkheijm, Rikkert; Gouweloos, Jochem; Groeneveld, Frans P M J; Thomas, Siep; Bosch, J L H Ruud

2006-10-01

To determine which case-definition of clinical benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) has the best predictive value for general practitioner visits for lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) suggestive of BPH. The incidence and prevalence rates of general practitioner visits for LUTS were also determined. A longitudinal, population-based study from 1995 to 2003 was conducted among 1688 men aged 50 to 78 years old. Data were collected on physical urologic parameters, quality of life, and symptom severity as determined from the International Prostate Symptom Score. Information on health-care-seeking behavior of all participants was collected from the general practitioner (GP) record using a computerized search engine and an additional manual check of the electronically selected files. The incidence and prevalence rate of the men at risk was 19.6% and 14.0%, respectively, and these rates increased with age. For sensitivity and the positive predictive value, the case-definition of clinical BPH as an International Prostate Symptom Score greater than 7 had the best predictive value for GP visits for LUTS within 2 years after baseline. Because only marginal improvement (greater specificity but lower sensitivity) in the prediction of GP visits for LUTS was possible by adding information on prostate volume and flow, for the prediction of future GP visits for LUTS suggestive of BPH, we suggest that the International Prostate Symptom Score questionnaire be used and that estimation of the prostate volume and flow is not required.

14 CFR 34.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... series, displacement, and design characteristics and are approved under the same type certificate... engines. Class TF means all turbofan or turbojet aircraft engines or aircraft engines designed for... turbine engines employed for propulsion of aircraft designed to operate at supersonic flight speeds...

14 CFR 34.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... series, displacement, and design characteristics and are approved under the same type certificate... engines. Class TF means all turbofan or turbojet aircraft engines or aircraft engines designed for... turbine engines employed for propulsion of aircraft designed to operate at supersonic flight speeds...

Exhaust emissions of low level blend alcohol fuels from two-stroke and four-stroke marine engines

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sevik, James M., Jr.

The U.S. Renewable Fuel Standard mandates that by 2022, 36 billion gallons of renewable fuels must be produced on a yearly basis. Ethanol production is capped at 15 billion gallons, meaning 21 billion gallons must come from different alternative fuel sources. A viable alternative to reach the remainder of this mandate is iso-butanol. Unlike ethanol, iso-butanol does not phase separate when mixed with water, meaning it can be transported using traditional pipeline methods. Iso-butanol also has a lower oxygen content by mass, meaning it can displace more petroleum while maintaining the same oxygen concentration in the fuel blend. This research focused on studying the effects of low level alcohol fuels on marine engine emissions to assess the possibility of using iso-butanol as a replacement for ethanol. Three marine engines were used in this study, representing a wide range of what is currently in service in the United States. Two four-stroke engine and one two-stroke engine powered boats were tested in the tributaries of the Chesapeake Bay, near Annapolis, Maryland over the course of two rounds of weeklong testing in May and September. The engines were tested using a standard test cycle and emissions were sampled using constant volume sampling techniques. Specific emissions for two-stroke and four-stroke engines were compared to the baseline indolene tests. Because of the nature of the field testing, limited engine parameters were recorded. Therefore, the engine parameters analyzed aside from emissions were the operating relative air-to-fuel ratio and engine speed. Emissions trends from the baseline test to each alcohol fuel for the four-stroke engines were consistent, when analyzing a single round of testing. The same trends were not consistent when comparing separate rounds because of uncontrolled weather conditions and because the four-stroke engines operate without fuel control feedback during full load conditions. Emissions trends from the baseline test to each alcohol fuel for the two-stroke engine were consistent for all rounds of testing. This is due to the fact the engine operates open-loop, and does not provide fueling compensation when fuel composition changes. Changes in emissions with respect to the baseline for iso-butanol were consistent with changes for ethanol. It was determined iso-butanol would make a viable replacement for ethanol.

48 CFR 236.102 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Engineering Command, or Air Force Directorate of Civil Engineering. (3) Marshallese firm is defined in the... any organizational level of the DoD that— (i) Is responsible for the architectural, engineering, and...

33 CFR 328.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Definitions. 328.3 Section 328.3 Navigation and Navigable Waters CORPS OF ENGINEERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE DEFINITION OF WATERS OF THE UNITED STATES § 328.3 Definitions. For the purpose of this regulation these terms...

46 CFR 54.15-3 - Definitions (modifies Appendix 3).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Definitions (modifies Appendix 3). 54.15-3 Section 54.15-3 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING PRESSURE VESSELS Pressure-Relief Devices § 54.15-3 Definitions (modifies Appendix 3). (a) Definitions applicable to...

An approach to knowledge engineering to support knowledge-based simulation of payload ground processing at the Kennedy Space Center

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mcmanus, Shawn; Mcdaniel, Michael

1989-01-01

Planning for processing payloads was always difficult and time-consuming. With the advent of Space Station Freedom and its capability to support a myriad of complex payloads, the planning to support this ground processing maze involves thousands of man-hours of often tedious data manipulation. To provide the capability to analyze various processing schedules, an object oriented knowledge-based simulation environment called the Advanced Generic Accomodations Planning Environment (AGAPE) is being developed. Having nearly completed the baseline system, the emphasis in this paper is directed toward rule definition and its relation to model development and simulation. The focus is specifically on the methodologies implemented during knowledge acquisition, analysis, and representation within the AGAPE rule structure. A model is provided to illustrate the concepts presented. The approach demonstrates a framework for AGAPE rule development to assist expert system development.

Space station definition and preliminary design, WP-01. Volume 2: Results

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lenda, J. A.

1987-01-01

The basis for the studies and analyses which led to the results and conclusions documented and summarized, was the Engineering Master Schedule (EMS) generated by NASA and used as the controlling set of milestones and associated activities required to produce in a timely manner those products needed by all program participants in the establishment of an approved program baseline. The EMS consisted of twenty themes grouped into categories covering requirements, configurations, and strategies. A number of studies and analyses that were coordinated with the MSFC program and technical personnel as being needed to provide the requisite back-up material to satify the EMS were identified. These studies and analyses provided the data sufficient to support the conclusions and recommendations given to the MSFC in response to their EMS activity and to support the system level and conceptual design level approaches developed and reflected in the detailed sections of this document.

Pinhole X-ray/coronagraph optical systems concept definition study

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zehnpfenning, T. F.; Rappaport, S.; Wattson, R. B.

1980-01-01

The Pinhole X-ray/Coronagraph Concept utilizes the long baselines possible in Earth orbit with the space transportation system (shuttle) to produce observations of solar X-ray emission features at extremely high spatial resolution (up to 0.1 arc second) and high energy (up to 100 keV), and also white light and UV observations of the inner and outer corona at high spatial and/or spectral resolution. An examination of various aspects of a preliminary version of the X-ray Pinhole/Coronagraph Concept is presented. For this preliminary version, the instrument package will be carried in the shuttle bay on a mounting platform, and will be connected to the occulter with a deployable boom such as an Astromast. Generally, the spatial resolution, stray light levels, and minimum limb observing angles improve as the boom length increases. However, the associated engineering problems also become more serious with greater boom lengths.

Software engineering as an engineering discipline

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Berard, Edward V.

1988-01-01

The following topics are discussed in the context of software engineering: early use of the term; the 1968 NATO conference; Barry Boehm's definition; four requirements fo software engineering; and additional criteria for software engineering. Additionally, the four major requirements for software engineering--computer science, mathematics, engineering disciplines, and excellent communication skills--are discussed. The presentation is given in vugraph form.

49 CFR 665.5 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... used in public transportation service in the United States before October 1, 1988; or (2) Has been used... corresponding baseline bus configuration. Public transportation service means the operation of a vehicle that... 49 Transportation 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Definitions. 665.5 Section 665.5 Transportation...

40 CFR 91.702 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM MARINE SPARK-IGNITION ENGINES Importation of Nonconforming Marine Engines § 91.702... 213 and section 206(a) of the Act. Nonconforming marine engine. A marine SI engine which is not...

23 CFR 627.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS VALUE ENGINEERING... construction. Value Engineering (VE) analysis. The systematic process of reviewing and assessing a project by a...; and (3) Reducing the time to develop and deliver the project. Value Engineering (VE) Job Plan. A...

23 CFR 627.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS VALUE ENGINEERING... construction. Value Engineering (VE) analysis. The systematic process of reviewing and assessing a project by a...; and (3) Reducing the time to develop and deliver the project. Value Engineering (VE) Job Plan. A...

40 CFR 87.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF AIR... turboprop engines. Class TF means all turbofan or turbojet aircraft engines or aircraft engines designed for... turbine engines employed for propulsion of aircraft designed to operate at supersonic flight speeds...

Baseline nutritional status is predictive of response to treatment and survival in patients treated by definitive chemoradiotherapy for a locally advanced esophageal cancer.

PubMed

Di Fiore, Frédéric; Lecleire, Stéphane; Pop, Daniela; Rigal, Olivier; Hamidou, Hadji; Paillot, Bernard; Ducrotté, Philippe; Lerebours, Eric; Michel, Pierre

2007-11-01

To assess the impact of baseline nutritional status on treatment response and survival in nonmetastatic patients with a locally advanced esophageal cancer (LAEC) treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT). One hundred five patients with LAEC treated by definitive CRT were retrospectively included. The CRT regimen was based on an external radiotherapy (RT) delivered concomitantly to a cisplatin-based chemotherapy (CT). Patients were considered to have a complete response (CR) to CRT when no residual tumor was detected on CT scan and esophagoscopy performed 2 months after the end of CRT. Multivariate analysis of predictive factors of response to CRT and survival were performed using a logistic regression and a Cox model, respectively. Mean value of baseline nutritional parameters was significantly different between nonresponder (N = 42) and responder (N = 63) patients to CRT (weight loss 10%vs 5.8%, P= 0.0047; serum albumin level 35 g/L vs 38.7 g/L, P= 0.0004; BMI 22.8 kg/m2vs 25.2 kg/m2, P= 0.01). In multivariate analysis, serum albumin level > 35 g/L was the only independent predictive factor of CR to CRT (P= 0.009). Independent prognostic factors of survival were BMI > 18 kg/m2 (P= 0.003), dysphagia Atkinson score <2 (P= 0.008), dose of RT > 50 Grays (Gy) (P < 0.0001) and CR to CRT (P < 0.0001). Survival was influenced by baseline nutritional status as well as dysphagia, dose of RT, and CR to CRT. Despite the retrospective design of the study, our results may provide the concept basis for performing a prospective nutritional intervention study in patients treated by definitive CRT for an esophageal cancer.

23 CFR 637.203 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Definitions. 637.203 Section 637.203 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS CONSTRUCTION INSPECTION AND APPROVAL Quality Assurance Procedures for Construction § 637.203 Definitions. Acceptance...

Tools to Support Human Factors and Systems Engineering Interactions During Early Analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Thronesbery, Carroll; Malin, Jane T.; Holden, Kritina; Smith, Danielle Paige

2005-01-01

We describe an approach and existing software tool support for effective interactions between human factors engineers and systems engineers in early analysis activities during system acquisition. We examine the tasks performed during this stage, emphasizing those tasks where system engineers and human engineers interact. The Concept of Operations (ConOps) document is an important product during this phase, and particular attention is paid to its influences on subsequent acquisition activities. Understanding this influence helps ConOps authors describe a complete system concept that guides subsequent acquisition activities. We identify commonly used system engineering and human engineering tools and examine how they can support the specific tasks associated with system definition. We identify possible gaps in the support of these tasks, the largest of which appears to be creating the ConOps document itself. Finally, we outline the goals of our future empirical investigations of tools to support system concept definition.

Tools to Support Human Factors and Systems Engineering Interactions During Early Analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Thronesbery, Carroll; Malin, Jane T.; Holden, Kritina; Smith, Danielle Paige

2006-01-01

We describe an approach and existing software tool support for effective interactions between human factors engineers and systems engineers in early analysis activities during system acquisition. We examine the tasks performed during this stage, emphasizing those tasks where system engineers and human engineers interact. The Concept of Operations (ConOps) document is an important product during this phase, and particular attention is paid to its influences on subsequent acquisition activities. Understanding this influence helps ConOps authors describe a complete system concept that guides subsequent acquisition activities. We identify commonly used system engineering and human engineering tools and examine how they can support the specific tasks associated with system definition. We identify possible gaps in the support of these tasks, the largest of which appears to be creating the ConOps document itself. Finally, we outline the goals of our future empirical investigations of tools to support system concept definition.

Performance and driveline analyses of engine capacity in range extender engine hybrid vehicle

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Praptijanto, Achmad; Santoso, Widodo Budi; Nur, Arifin; Wahono, Bambang; Putrasari, Yanuandri

2017-01-01

In this study, range extender engine designed should be able to meet the power needs of a power generator of hybrid electrical vehicle that has a minimum of 18 kW. Using this baseline model, the following range extenders will be compared between conventional SI piston engine (Baseline, BsL), engine capacity 1998 cm3, and efficiency-oriented SI piston with engine capacity 999 cm3 and 499 cm3 with 86 mm bore and stroke square gasoline engine in the performance, emission prediction of range extender engine, standard of charge by using engine and vehicle simulation software tools. In AVL Boost simulation software, range extender engine simulated from 1000 to 6000 rpm engine loads. The highest peak engine power brake reached up to 38 kW at 4500 rpm. On the other hand the highest torque achieved in 100 Nm at 3500 rpm. After that using AVL cruise simulation software, the model of range extended electric vehicle in series configuration with main components such as internal combustion engine, generator, electric motor, battery and the arthemis model rural road cycle was used to simulate the vehicle model. The simulation results show that engine with engine capacity 999 cm3 reported the economical performances of the engine and the emission and the control of engine cycle parameters.

A cognitive evaluation of four online search engines for answering definitional questions posed by physicians.

PubMed

Yu, Hong; Kaufman, David

2007-01-01

The Internet is having a profound impact on physicians' medical decision making. One recent survey of 277 physicians showed that 72% of physicians regularly used the Internet to research medical information and 51% admitted that information from web sites influenced their clinical decisions. This paper describes the first cognitive evaluation of four state-of-the-art Internet search engines: Google (i.e., Google and Scholar.Google), MedQA, Onelook, and PubMed for answering definitional questions (i.e., questions with the format of "What is X?") posed by physicians. Onelook is a portal for online definitions, and MedQA is a question answering system that automatically generates short texts to answer specific biomedical questions. Our evaluation criteria include quality of answer, ease of use, time spent, and number of actions taken. Our results show that MedQA outperforms Onelook and PubMed in most of the criteria, and that MedQA surpasses Google in time spent and number of actions, two important efficiency criteria. Our results show that Google is the best system for quality of answer and ease of use. We conclude that Google is an effective search engine for medical definitions, and that MedQA exceeds the other search engines in that it provides users direct answers to their questions; while the users of the other search engines have to visit several sites before finding all of the pertinent information.

Inertial subsystem functional and design requirements for the orbiter (Phase B extension baseline)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Flanders, J. H.; Green, J. P., Jr.

1972-01-01

The design requirements use the Phase B extension baseline system definition. This means that a GNC computer is specified for all command control functions instead of a central computer communicating with the ISS through a databus. Forced air cooling is used instead of cold plate cooling.

Effects of airplane characteristics and takeoff noise and field length constraints on engine cycle selection for a Mach 2.32 cruise application

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Whitlow, J. B., Jr.

1976-01-01

Sideline noise and takeoff field length were varied for two types of Mach 2.32 cruise airplane to determine their effect on engine cycle selection. One of these airplanes was the NASA/Langley-LTV arrow wing while the other was a Boeing modified delta-plus-tail derived from the earlier 2707-300 concept. Advanced variable cycle engines were considered. A more conventional advanced low bypass turbofan engine was used as a baseline for comparison. Appropriate exhaust nozzle modifications were assumed, where needed, to allow all engines to receive either an inherent co-annular or annular jet noise suppression benefit. All the VCE's out-performed the baseline engine by substantial margins in a design range comparison, regardless of airplane choice or takeoff restrictions. The choice among the three VCE's considered, however, depends on the field length, noise level, and airplane selected.

Biomedical Engineering in Modern Society

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Attinger, E. O.

1971-01-01

Considers definition of biomedical engineering (BME) and how biomedical engineers should be trained. State of the art descriptions of BME and BME education are followed by a brief look at the future of BME. (TS)

36 CFR 1234.4 - What definitions are used in this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What definitions are used in... definitions are used in this part? The following definitions apply to this part: Auxiliary spaces mean non... licensing or registration, who is also a professional member of the Society of Fire Protection Engineers...

40 CFR 86.1102-87 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 19 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Definitions. 86.1102-87 Section 86... § 86.1102-87 Definitions. (a) The definitions in this section apply to this subpart. (b) As used in... the basis of engine code, inertia weight class, transmission type and gear ratios, rear axle ratio, or...

40 CFR 86.1102-87 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Definitions. 86.1102-87 Section 86... § 86.1102-87 Definitions. (a) The definitions in this section apply to this subpart. (b) As used in... the basis of engine code, inertia weight class, transmission type and gear ratios, rear axle ratio, or...

40 CFR 86.1102-87 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Definitions. 86.1102-87 Section 86... § 86.1102-87 Definitions. (a) The definitions in this section apply to this subpart. (b) As used in... the basis of engine code, inertia weight class, transmission type and gear ratios, rear axle ratio, or...

12 CFR 325.202 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... MAINTENANCE Annual Stress Test § 325.202 Definitions. For purposes of this subpart— (a) Adverse scenario means... appropriate for use in the company-run stress tests, including, but not limited to, baseline, adverse, and... of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act (12 U.S.C. 1813). (l) Stress test means the process to assess...

12 CFR 46.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Banking COMPTROLLER OF THE CURRENCY, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY ANNUAL STRESS TEST § 46.2 Definitions. For... appropriate for use in the stress tests under this part, including, but not limited to, baseline, adverse, and severely adverse scenarios. Stress test means a process to assess the potential impact of scenarios on the...

12 CFR 46.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... Banking COMPTROLLER OF THE CURRENCY, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY ANNUAL STRESS TEST § 46.2 Definitions. For... appropriate for use in the stress tests under this part, including, but not limited to, baseline, adverse, and severely adverse scenarios. Stress test means a process to assess the potential impact of scenarios on the...

12 CFR 325.202 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... MAINTENANCE Annual Stress Test § 325.202 Definitions. For purposes of this subpart— (a) Adverse scenario means... appropriate for use in the company-run stress tests, including, but not limited to, baseline, adverse, and... of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act (12 U.S.C. 1813). (l) Stress test means the process to assess...

10 CFR 431.442 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. NEMA means National Electrical Manufacturers Association. Small... Small Electric Motors § 431.442 Definitions. The following definitions are applicable to this subpart: Alternative efficiency determination method, or AEDM, means, with respect to a small electric motor, a method...

10 CFR 431.442 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. NEMA means National Electrical Manufacturers Association. Small... Small Electric Motors § 431.442 Definitions. The following definitions are applicable to this subpart: Alternative efficiency determination method, or AEDM, means, with respect to a small electric motor, a method...

10 CFR 431.442 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. NEMA means National Electrical Manufacturers Association. Small... Small Electric Motors § 431.442 Definitions. The following definitions are applicable to this subpart: Alternative efficiency determination method, or AEDM, means, with respect to a small electric motor, a method...

10 CFR 431.442 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. NEMA means National Electrical Manufacturers Association. Small... Small Electric Motors § 431.442 Definitions. The following definitions are applicable to this subpart: Alternative efficiency determination method, or AEDM, means, with respect to a small electric motor, a method...

10 CFR 431.442 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. NEMA means National Electrical Manufacturers Association. Small... Small Electric Motors § 431.442 Definitions. The following definitions are applicable to this subpart: Alternative efficiency determination method, or AEDM, means, with respect to a small electric motor, a method...

40 CFR 91.602 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Definitions. 91.602 Section 91.602 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM MARINE SPARK-IGNITION ENGINES Selective Enforcement Auditing Regulations § 91.602 Definitions...

23 CFR 657.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Definitions. 657.3 Section 657.3 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS CERTIFICATION OF SIZE AND WEIGHT ENFORCEMENT § 657.3 Definitions. Unless otherwise specified in this part, the...

23 CFR 633.202 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Definitions. 633.202 Section 633.202 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS REQUIRED CONTRACT PROVISIONS Federal-Aid Contracts (Appalachian Contracts) § 633.202 Definitions. (a) The word Commission means...

THE PEDIATRIC RHEUMATOLOGY INTERNATIONAL TRIALS ORGANIZATION PROVISIONAL CRITERIA FOR THE EVALUATION OF RESPONSE TO THERAPY IN JUVENILE DERMATOMYOSITIS

PubMed Central

Ruperto, Nicolino; Pistorio, Angela; Ravelli, Angelo; Rider, Lisa G.; Pilkington, Clarissa; Oliveira, Sheila; Wulffraat, Nico; Espada, Graciela; Garay, Stella; Cuttica, Ruben; Hofer, Michael; Quartier, Pierre; Melo-Gomes, Jose; Reed, Ann M.; Wierzbowska, Malgorzata; Feldman, Brian M.; Harjacek, Miroslav; Huppertz, Hans-Iko; Nielsen, Susan; Flato, Berit; Lahdenne, Pekka; Michels, Harmut; Murray, Kevin J.; Punaro, Lynn; Rennebohm, Robert; Russo, Ricardo; Balogh, Zsolt; Rooney, Madeleine; Pachman, Lauren M.; Wallace, Carol; Hashkes, Philip; Lovell, Daniel J.; Giannini, Edward H.; Martini, Alberto

2010-01-01

Objective To develop a provisional definition for the evaluation of response to therapy in juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) based on the PRINTO JDM core set of variables. Methods Thirty-seven experienced pediatric rheumatologists from 27 countries, achieved consensus on 128 difficult patient profiles as clinically improved or not improved using a stepwise approach (patients rating, statistical analysis, definition selection). Using the physicians’ consensus ratings as the “gold-standard measure”, chi-square, sensitivity, specificity, false positive and negative rate, area under the ROC, and kappa agreement for candidate definitions of improvement were calculated. Definitions with kappa >0.8 were multiplied with the face validity score to select the top definitions. Results The top definition of improvement was: at least 20% improvement from baseline in 3/6 core set variables with no more than 1 of the remaining worsening by more than 30%, which cannot be muscle strength. The second highest scoring definition was at least 20% improvement from baseline in 3/6 core set variables with no more than 2 of the remaining worsening by more than 25%, which cannot be muscle strength which is definition P1 selected by the IMACS group. The third is similar to the second with the maximum amount of worsening set to 30%. This indicates convergent validity of the process. Conclusion we proposes a provisional data driven definition of improvement that reflects well the consensus rating of experienced clinicians, which incorporates clinically meaningful change in core set variables in a composite endpoint for the evaluation of global response to therapy in JDM. PMID:20583105

Automotive Stirling Engine Development Program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Allen, M. (Editor)

1980-01-01

Progress is reported in the following: the Stirling reference engine system design; components and subsystems; F-40 baseline Stirling engine installation and test; the first automotive engine to be built on the program; computer development activities; and technical assistance to the Government. The overall program philosophy is outlined, and data and results are given.

Lean Mixture Engines Testing and Evaluation Program : Volume 3. Appendices.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1975-01-01

This report is aimed at defining analytically and demonstrating experimentally the potential of the 'lean-burn concept.' Fuel consumption and emissions data are obtained on the engine dynamometer for the baseline engine, and two lean-burn configurati...

40 CFR 90.502 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF..., emission control system, governed speed, fuel system, engine calibration, and other parameters as... engines selected from the population of an engine family for emission testing. ...

40 CFR 90.502 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF..., emission control system, governed speed, fuel system, engine calibration, and other parameters as... engines selected from the population of an engine family for emission testing. ...

40 CFR 90.502 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF..., emission control system, governed speed, fuel system, engine calibration, and other parameters as... engines selected from the population of an engine family for emission testing. ...

40 CFR 90.502 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF..., emission control system, governed speed, fuel system, engine calibration, and other parameters as... engines selected from the population of an engine family for emission testing. ...

48 CFR 236.102 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... Office of the Chief of Engineers, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, or Air Force Directorate of Civil Engineering. Marshallese firm is defined in the provision at 252.236-7012, Military Construction on Kwajalein... that— (1) Is responsible for the architectural, engineering, and other related technical aspects of the...

48 CFR 236.102 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Office of the Chief of Engineers, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, or Air Force Directorate of Civil Engineering. Marshallese firm is defined in the provision at 252.236-7012, Military Construction on Kwajalein... that— (1) Is responsible for the architectural, engineering, and other related technical aspects of the...

48 CFR 236.102 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... Office of the Chief of Engineers, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, or Air Force Directorate of Civil Engineering. Marshallese firm is defined in the provision at 252.236-7012, Military Construction on Kwajalein... that— (1) Is responsible for the architectural, engineering, and other related technical aspects of the...

48 CFR 236.102 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Office of the Chief of Engineers, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, or Air Force Directorate of Civil Engineering. Marshallese firm is defined in the provision at 252.236-7012, Military Construction on Kwajalein... that— (1) Is responsible for the architectural, engineering, and other related technical aspects of the...

40 CFR 85.2113 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... vehicle to exceed applicable emission standards with such parts installed. (h) Engine family means the... emission-data vehicle or engine selection and as determined in accordance with 40 CFR 86.078-24. (i) Vehicle or engine configuration means the specific subclassification unit of an engine family or certified...

40 CFR 85.2113 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... vehicle to exceed applicable emission standards with such parts installed. (h) Engine family means the... emission-data vehicle or engine selection and as determined in accordance with 40 CFR 86.078-24. (i) Vehicle or engine configuration means the specific subclassification unit of an engine family or certified...

40 CFR 85.2113 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... vehicle to exceed applicable emission standards with such parts installed. (h) Engine family means the... emission-data vehicle or engine selection and as determined in accordance with 40 CFR 86.078-24. (i) Vehicle or engine configuration means the specific subclassification unit of an engine family or certified...

40 CFR 85.2113 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... vehicle to exceed applicable emission standards with such parts installed. (h) Engine family means the... emission-data vehicle or engine selection and as determined in accordance with 40 CFR 86.078-24. (i) Vehicle or engine configuration means the specific subclassification unit of an engine family or certified...

40 CFR 85.2113 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... vehicle to exceed applicable emission standards with such parts installed. (h) Engine family means the... emission-data vehicle or engine selection and as determined in accordance with 40 CFR 86.078-24. (i) Vehicle or engine configuration means the specific subclassification unit of an engine family or certified...

The neutron star interior composition explorer (NICER): mission definition

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Arzoumanian, Z.; Gendreau, K. C.; Baker, C. L.; Cazeau, T.; Hestnes, P.; Kellogg, J. W.; Kenyon, S. J.; Kozon, R. P.; Liu, K.-C.; Manthripragada, S. S.; Markwardt, C. B.; Mitchell, A. L.; Mitchell, J. W.; Monroe, C. A.; Okajima, T.; Pollard, S. E.; Powers, D. F.; Savadkin, B. J.; Winternitz, L. B.; Chen, P. T.; Wright, M. R.; Foster, R.; Prigozhin, G.; Remillard, R.; Doty, J.

2014-07-01

Over a 10-month period during 2013 and early 2014, development of the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) mission [1] proceeded through Phase B, Mission Definition. An external attached payload on the International Space Station (ISS), NICER is scheduled to launch in 2016 for an 18-month baseline mission. Its prime scientific focus is an in-depth investigation of neutron stars—objects that compress up to two Solar masses into a volume the size of a city—accomplished through observations in 0.2-12 keV X-rays, the electromagnetic band into which the stars radiate significant fractions of their thermal, magnetic, and rotational energy stores. Additionally, NICER enables the Station Explorer for X-ray Timing and Navigation Technology (SEXTANT) demonstration of spacecraft navigation using pulsars as beacons. During Phase B, substantive refinements were made to the mission-level requirements, concept of operations, and payload and instrument design. Fabrication and testing of engineering-model components improved the fidelity of the anticipated scientific performance of NICER's X-ray Timing Instrument (XTI), as well as of the payload's pointing system, which enables tracking of science targets from the ISS platform. We briefly summarize advances in the mission's formulation that, together with strong programmatic performance in project management, culminated in NICER's confirmation by NASA into Phase C, Design and Development, in March 2014.

10 CFR 431.12 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... and Electronics Engineers, Inc. NEMA means the National Electrical Manufacturers Association. Nominal... Electric Motors § 431.12 Definitions. The following definitions apply for purposes of this subpart, and of... accreditation body that a laboratory is competent to test the efficiency of electric motors according to the...

49 CFR 221.5 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Definitions. 221.5 Section 221.5 Transportation... TRANSPORTATION REAR END MARKING DEVICE-PASSENGER, COMMUTER AND FREIGHT TRAINS General § 221.5 Definitions. As... defined by the Illuminating Engineering Society's Guide for Calculating the Effective Intensity of...

14 CFR 183.41 - Applicability and definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Applicability and definitions. 183.41... Authorization § 183.41 Applicability and definitions. (a) This subpart contains the procedures required to... functions on behalf of the Administrator related to engineering, manufacturing, operations, airworthiness...

23 CFR 635.403 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Definitions. 635.403 Section 635.403 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE General Material Requirements § 635.403 Definitions. As used in this subpart, the following terms...

7 CFR 1822.263 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 12 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Definitions. 1822.263 Section 1822.263 Agriculture..., Procedures, and Authorizations § 1822.263 Definitions. As used in this subpart: (a) A private nonprofit... including engineering and legal fees, streets, roads, utilities, minimum essential administrative costs...

23 CFR 655.602 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Definitions. 655.602 Section 655.602 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS TRAFFIC OPERATIONS Traffic Control Devices on Federal-Aid and Other Streets and Highways § 655.602 Definitions. The terms...

Space transportation booster engine configuration study. Addendum: Design definition document

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1989-01-01

Gas generator engine characteristics and results of engine configuration refinements are discussed. Updated component mechanical design, performance, and manufacturing information is provided. The results are also provided of ocean recovery studies and various engine integration tasks. The details are provided of the maintenance plan for the Space Transportation Booster Engine.

7 CFR 2902.25 - 2-Cycle engine oils.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 15 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false 2-Cycle engine oils. 2902.25 Section 2902.25... Items § 2902.25 2-Cycle engine oils. (a) Definition. Lubricants designed for use in 2-cycle engines to... procurement preference for qualifying biobased 2-cycle engine oils. By that date, Federal agencies that have...

Lean Mixture Engines Testing and Evaluation Program : Volume 2. Comprehensive Discussion.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1975-11-01

This report is aimed at defining analytically and demonstrating experimentally the potential of the 'lean-burn concept.' Fuel consumption and emissions data are obtained on the engine dynamometer for the baseline engine, and two lean-burn configurati...

Lean Mixture Engines Testing and Evaluation Program : Volume 1. Executive Summary.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1975-01-01

This report is aimed at defining analytically and demonstrating experimentally the potential of the 'lean-burn concept'. Fuel consumption and emissions data are obtained on the engine dynamometer for the baseline engine, and two lean-burn configurati...

48 CFR 1852.243-70 - Engineering change proposals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Engineering change... and Clauses 1852.243-70 Engineering change proposals. As prescribed in 1843.205-70(a)(1), insert the following clause, modified to suit contract type: Engineering Change Proposals (FEB 1998) (a) Definitions...

48 CFR 1852.243-70 - Engineering change proposals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Engineering change... and Clauses 1852.243-70 Engineering change proposals. As prescribed in 1843.205-70(a)(1), insert the following clause, modified to suit contract type: Engineering Change Proposals (FEB 1998) (a) Definitions...

48 CFR 1852.243-70 - Engineering change proposals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 true Engineering change... and Clauses 1852.243-70 Engineering change proposals. As prescribed in 1843.205-70(a)(1), insert the following clause, modified to suit contract type: Engineering Change Proposals (FEB 1998) (a) Definitions...

48 CFR 1852.243-70 - Engineering change proposals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Engineering change... and Clauses 1852.243-70 Engineering change proposals. As prescribed in 1843.205-70(a)(1), insert the following clause, modified to suit contract type: Engineering Change Proposals (FEB 1998) (a) Definitions...

48 CFR 1852.243-70 - Engineering change proposals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Engineering change... and Clauses 1852.243-70 Engineering change proposals. As prescribed in 1843.205-70(a)(1), insert the following clause, modified to suit contract type: Engineering Change Proposals (FEB 1998) (a) Definitions...

32 CFR 22.105 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... knowledge and understanding in science and engineering, rather than the practical application of that... part, basic research includes: (1) Research-related, science and engineering education, including... to enhance the infrastructure for science and engineering research. Claim. A written demand or...

32 CFR 22.105 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... knowledge and understanding in science and engineering, rather than the practical application of that... part, basic research includes: (1) Research-related, science and engineering education, including... to enhance the infrastructure for science and engineering research. Claim. A written demand or...

32 CFR 22.105 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... knowledge and understanding in science and engineering, rather than the practical application of that... part, basic research includes: (1) Research-related, science and engineering education, including... to enhance the infrastructure for science and engineering research. Claim. A written demand or...

32 CFR 22.105 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... knowledge and understanding in science and engineering, rather than the practical application of that... part, basic research includes: (1) Research-related, science and engineering education, including... to enhance the infrastructure for science and engineering research. Claim. A written demand or...

40 CFR 91.502 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF... described on the basis of gross power, emission control system, governed speed, injector size, engine... engines selected from the population of an engine family for emission testing. ...

40 CFR 91.502 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF... described on the basis of gross power, emission control system, governed speed, injector size, engine... engines selected from the population of an engine family for emission testing. ...

40 CFR 91.502 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF... described on the basis of gross power, emission control system, governed speed, injector size, engine... engines selected from the population of an engine family for emission testing. ...

40 CFR 91.502 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF... described on the basis of gross power, emission control system, governed speed, injector size, engine... engines selected from the population of an engine family for emission testing. ...

40 CFR 91.502 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF... described on the basis of gross power, emission control system, governed speed, injector size, engine... engines selected from the population of an engine family for emission testing. ...

Critical Thinking on the Introduction of Digitization Within Engineering Training Systems in the Manufacturing Stage of Cast Parts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lehene, T. R.; Samoilă, V.; Soporan, V. F.; Pădurețu, S.; Vescan, M. M.

2018-06-01

The paper aims to present a methodology for the analysis of the engineering training systems at the manufacturing stage of castings through critical engineering thinking. Its use [4, 5] requires the development of procedures capable of responding to the problems faced by engineering training in terms of acquiring the tools and procedures. The structure of the analysis took into consideration the following aspects: the motivation to use the proposed procedure, considerations on the engineering behavior, the design of the reasoning adapted to the analysis of the engineering training systems, the determination of the correlations in the processes of obtaining the cast products, the definition and calibration of the digital experiment, the definition and analysis of the factors influencing the last solidification area (the nature of the alloy, the shape of the mold and the casting geometry).

Energy Efficient Engine Flight Propulsion System Preliminary Analysis and Design Report

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bisset, J. W.; Howe, D. C.

1983-01-01

The final design and analysis of the flight propulsion system is presented. This system is the conceptual study engine defined to meet the performance, economic and environmental goals established for the Energy Efficient Engine Program. The design effort included a final definition of the engine, major components, internal subsystems, and nacelle. Various analytical representations and results from component technology programs are used to verify aerodynamic and structural design concepts and to predict performance. Specific design goals and specifications, reflecting future commercial aircraft propulsion system requirements for the mid-1980's, are detailed by NASA and used as guidelines during engine definition. Information is also included which details salient results from a separate study to define a turbofan propulsion system, known as the maximum efficiency engine, which reoptimized the advanced fuel saving technologies for improved fuel economy and direct operating costs relative to the flight propulsion system.

16 CFR 1450.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Definitions. 1450.2 Section 1450.2... GRAEME BAKER POOL AND SPA SAFETY ACT REGULATIONS § 1450.2 Definitions. (a) [Reserved] (b) Unblockable... American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ATTN: Secretary, A112 Standards Committee, Three Park...

46 CFR 111.105-1 - Applicability; definition.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Applicability; definition. 111.105-1 Section 111.105-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING ELECTRIC SYSTEMS-GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Hazardous Locations § 111.105-1 Applicability; definition. This subpart applies to...

46 CFR 111.105-1 - Applicability; definition.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Applicability; definition. 111.105-1 Section 111.105-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING ELECTRIC SYSTEMS-GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Hazardous Locations § 111.105-1 Applicability; definition. This subpart applies to...

48 CFR 241.101 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Definitions. 241.101... Definitions. As used in this part— Independent regulatory body means the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission... Engineering Command; (3) Air Force, the head of a contracting activity; and (4) Defense Logistics Agency, the...

Sensor Technology Baseline Study for Enabling Condition Based Maintenance Plus in Army Ground Vehicles

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-03-01

for enabling condition based maintenance plus in Army ground vehicles. The sensor study was driven from Failure Mode Effects Analysis ( FMEA ...of Tables Table 1. Sensor technology baseline study based on engine FMEA report. ...................................5 Table 2. Sensor technology...baseline study based on transmission FMEA report. .........................8 Table 3. Sensor technology baseline study based on alternator FMEA report

Dynamics explorer: Interface definition study, volume 1

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1978-01-01

Work done in response to the work statement wherein a specific deliverable was not identified but where design and analysis tasks were identified is reported. The summary and baseline change list is included along with design notes for the spacecraft system, thermal subsystem, power subsystem, communications subsystem, plasma wave instrument interface definition, and the structure.

Sixth-Grade Students' Views of the Nature of Engineering and Images of Engineers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Karatas, Faik O.; Micklos, Amy; Bodner, George M.

2011-01-01

This study investigated the views of the nature of engineering held by 6th-grade students to provide a baseline upon which activities or curriculum materials might be developed to introduce middle-school students to the work of engineers and the process of engineering design. A phenomenographic framework was used to guide the analysis of data…

Worsening renal function defined as an absolute increase in serum creatinine is a biased metric for the study of cardio-renal interactions.

PubMed

Testani, Jeffrey M; McCauley, Brian D; Chen, Jennifer; Shumski, Michael; Shannon, Richard P

2010-01-01

Worsening renal function (WRF) during the treatment of decompensated heart failure, frequently defined as an absolute increase in serum creatinine >or=0.3 mg/dl, has been reported as a strong adverse prognostic factor in several studies. We hypothesized that this definition of WRF is biased by baseline renal function secondary to the exponential relationship between creatinine and renal function. We reviewed consecutive admissions with a discharge diagnosis of heart failure. An increase in creatinine >or=0.3 mg/dl (WRF(CREAT)) was compared to a decrease in GFR >or=20% (WRF(GFR)). Overall, 993 admissions met eligibility. WRF(CREAT) occurred in 31.5% and WRF(GFR) in 32.7%. WRF(CREAT) and WRF(GFR) had opposing relationships with baseline renal function (OR = 1.9 vs. OR = 0.51, respectively, p < 0.001). Both definitions had similar unadjusted associations with death at 30 days [WRF(GFR) OR = 2.3 (95% CI 1.1-4.8), p = 0.026; WRF(CREAT) OR = 2.1 (95% CI 1.0-4.4), p = 0.047]. Controlling for baseline renal insufficiency, WRF(GFR) added incrementally in the prediction of mortality (p = 0.009); however, WRF(CREAT) did not (p = 0.11). WRF, defined as an absolute change in serum creatinine, is heavily biased by baseline renal function. An alternative definition of WRF should be considered for future studies of cardio-renal interactions. Copyright 2010 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Rotary engine performance limits predicted by a zero-dimensional model

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bartrand, Timothy A.; Willis, Edward A.

1992-01-01

A parametric study was performed to determine the performance limits of a rotary combustion engine. This study shows how well increasing the combustion rate, insulating, and turbocharging increase brake power and decrease fuel consumption. Several generalizations can be made from the findings. First, it was shown that the fastest combustion rate is not necessarily the best combustion rate. Second, several engine insulation schemes were employed for a turbocharged engine. Performance improved only for a highly insulated engine. Finally, the variability of turbocompounding and the influence of exhaust port shape were calculated. Rotary engines performance was predicted by an improved zero-dimensional computer model based on a model developed at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the 1980's. Independent variables in the study include turbocharging, manifold pressures, wall thermal properties, leakage area, and exhaust port geometry. Additions to the computer programs since its results were last published include turbocharging, manifold modeling, and improved friction power loss calculation. The baseline engine for this study is a single rotor 650 cc direct-injection stratified-charge engine with aluminum housings and a stainless steel rotor. Engine maps are provided for the baseline and turbocharged versions of the engine.

75 FR 29605 - Clean Alternative Fuel Vehicle and Engine Conversions

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-26

... Small Volume Manufacturers and Small Volume Test Groups 1. Definition of Small Volume Manufacturers, Small Volume Test Groups, and Small Volume Engine Families a. Light-Duty and Heavy-Duty Complete... and Engines 2. Test Groups, Engine Families, and Evaporative Families a. Test Groups for Light-Duty...

40 CFR 85.1702 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... POLLUTION FROM MOBILE SOURCES Exclusion and Exemption of Motor Vehicles and Motor Vehicle Engines § 85.1702... for the purpose of exporting new motor vehicles or new motor vehicle engines. (2) National security...-certification vehicle engine means an uncertified heavy-duty engine owned by a manufacturer and used in a manner...

40 CFR 85.1702 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... POLLUTION FROM MOBILE SOURCES Exclusion and Exemption of Motor Vehicles and Motor Vehicle Engines § 85.1702... for the purpose of exporting new motor vehicles or new motor vehicle engines. (2) National security...-certification vehicle engine means an uncertified heavy-duty engine owned by a manufacturer and used in a manner...

40 CFR 85.1702 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... POLLUTION FROM MOBILE SOURCES Exclusion and Exemption of Motor Vehicles and Motor Vehicle Engines § 85.1702... for the purpose of exporting new motor vehicles or new motor vehicle engines. (2) National security...-certification vehicle engine means an uncertified heavy-duty engine owned by a manufacturer and used in a manner...

40 CFR 85.1702 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... POLLUTION FROM MOBILE SOURCES Exclusion and Exemption of Motor Vehicles and Motor Vehicle Engines § 85.1702... for the purpose of exporting new motor vehicles or new motor vehicle engines. (2) National security...-certification vehicle engine means an uncertified heavy-duty engine owned by a manufacturer and used in a manner...

7 CFR 3201.25 - 2-Cycle engine oils.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 15 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false 2-Cycle engine oils. 3201.25 Section 3201.25... Designated Items § 3201.25 2-Cycle engine oils. (a) Definition. Lubricants designed for use in 2-cycle engines to provide lubrication, decreased spark plug fouling, reduced deposit formation, and/or reduced...

7 CFR 3201.102 - Engine crankcase oils.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 15 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Engine crankcase oils. 3201.102 Section 3201.102... Designated Items § 3201.102 Engine crankcase oils. (a) Definition. Lubricating products formulated to provide lubrication and wear protection for four-cycle gasoline or diesel engines. (b) Minimum biobased content. The...

7 CFR 3201.25 - 2-Cycle engine oils.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 15 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false 2-Cycle engine oils. 3201.25 Section 3201.25... Designated Items § 3201.25 2-Cycle engine oils. (a) Definition. Lubricants designed for use in 2-cycle engines to provide lubrication, decreased spark plug fouling, reduced deposit formation, and/or reduced...

7 CFR 3201.25 - 2-Cycle engine oils.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 15 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false 2-Cycle engine oils. 3201.25 Section 3201.25... Designated Items § 3201.25 2-Cycle engine oils. (a) Definition. Lubricants designed for use in 2-cycle engines to provide lubrication, decreased spark plug fouling, reduced deposit formation, and/or reduced...

Software engineering as an engineering discipline

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Freedman, Glenn B.

1988-01-01

The purpose of this panel is to explore the emerging field of software engineering from a variety of perspectives: university programs; industry training and definition; government development; and technology transfer. In doing this, the panel will address the issues of distinctions among software engineering, computer science, and computer hardware engineering as they relate to the challenges of large, complex systems.

49 CFR 238.5 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... approach to the design of rail passenger equipment which controls the dissipation of energy during a... engineer attentiveness by monitoring select locomotive engineer-induced control activities. If fluctuation of a monitored locomotive engineer-induced control activity is not detected within a predetermined...

49 CFR 238.5 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... approach to the design of rail passenger equipment which controls the dissipation of energy during a... engineer attentiveness by monitoring select locomotive engineer-induced control activities. If fluctuation of a monitored locomotive engineer-induced control activity is not detected within a predetermined...

46 CFR 111.99-3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Definitions. 111.99-3 Section 111.99-3 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING ELECTRIC SYSTEMS-GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Fire Door Holding and Release Systems § 111.99-3 Definitions. As used in this subpart— Central...

THRUST AUGMENTED NOZZLE (TAN) the New Paradigm for Booster Rockets

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-07-12

station. The engine has to throttle to 34 percent (3X or 1020 psia) to keep from exceeding the acceleration limits. Figure 6. Baseline SSTO ...vehicle powered by seven up-sized SSME class engines. Figure 7. Baseline SSTO vehicle trajectory. With a payload fraction of 1 percent, it does not...want to invest in such a risky endeavor. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics 6 B. TAN-Powered SSTO Vehicle For the Dual Fuel TAN

Design the Cost Approach in Trade-Off's for Structural Components, Illustrated on the Baseline Selection of the Engine Thrust Frame of Ariane 5 ESC-B

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Appolloni, L.; Juhls, A.; Rieck, U.

2002-01-01

Designing for value is one of the very actual upcoming methods for design optimization, which broke into the domain of aerospace engineering in the late 90's. In the frame of designing for value two main design philosophies exist: Design For Cost and Design To Cost. Design To Cost is the iterative redesign of a project until the content of the project meets a given budget. Designing For Cost is the conscious use of engineering process technology to reduce life cycle cost while satisfying, and hopefully exceeding, customer demands. The key to understanding cost, and hence to reducing cost, is the ability to measure cost accurately and to allocate it appropriately to products. Only then can intelligent decisions be made. Therefore the necessity of new methods as "Design For Value" or "Design For Competitiveness", set up with a generally multidisciplinary approach to find an optimized technical solution driven by many parameters, depending on the mission scenario and the customer/market needs. Very often three, but not more than five parametric drivers are sufficient. The more variable exist, the higher is in fact the risk to find just a sub-optimized local and not the global optimum, and the less robust is the found solution against change of input parameters. When the main parameters for optimization have been identified, the system engineer has to communicate them to all design engineers, who shall take care of these assessment variables during the entire design and decision process. The design process which has taken to the definition of the feasible structural concepts for the Engine Thrust Frame of the Ariane 5 Upper Cryogenic Stage ESC-B follows these most actual design philosophy methodologies, and combines a design for cost approach, to a design to cost optimization loop. Ariane 5 is the first member of a family of heavy-lift launchers. It aims to evolve into a family of launchers that responds to the space transportation challenges of the 21st century. New upper stages, along with modifications to the main cryogenic stage and solid boosters, will increase performance and meet demands of a changing market. A two-steps approach was decided for future developments of the launcher upper stage, in order to increase the payload lift capability of Ariane 5. The first step ESC-A is scheduled for first launch in 2002. As later step ESC-B shall grow up to 12 tons in GTO orbit, with multiple restart capability, i.e. re-ignitable engine. Ariane 5 ESC-B first flight is targeted for 2006. It will be loaded with 28 metric tons of liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen and powered by a new expander cycle engine "Vinci". The Vinci engine will be connected to the tanks of the ESC-B stage via the structure named from the designers ETF, or Engine Thrust Frame. In order to develop a design concept for the ETF component a trade off was performed, based on the most modern system engineering methodologies. This paper will describe the basis of the system engineering approach in the design to cost process, and illustrate such approach as it has been applied during the trade off for the baseline selection of the Engine Thrust Frame of Ariane 5 ESC-B.

40 CFR 98.30 - Definition of the source category.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

..., boilers, simple and combined-cycle combustion turbines, engines, incinerators, and process heaters. (b... (CONTINUED) MANDATORY GREENHOUSE GAS REPORTING General Stationary Fuel Combustion Sources § 98.30 Definition...

The Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation provisional criteria for the evaluation of response to therapy in juvenile dermatomyositis.

PubMed

Ruperto, Nicolino; Pistorio, Angela; Ravelli, Angelo; Rider, Lisa G; Pilkington, Clarissa; Oliveira, Sheila; Wulffraat, Nico; Espada, Graciela; Garay, Stella; Cuttica, Ruben; Hofer, Michael; Quartier, Pierre; Melo-Gomes, Jose; Reed, Ann M; Wierzbowska, Malgorzata; Feldman, Brian M; Harjacek, Miroslav; Huppertz, Hans-Iko; Nielsen, Susan; Flato, Berit; Lahdenne, Pekka; Michels, Harmut; Murray, Kevin J; Punaro, Lynn; Rennebohm, Robert; Russo, Ricardo; Balogh, Zsolt; Rooney, Madeleine; Pachman, Lauren M; Wallace, Carol; Hashkes, Philip; Lovell, Daniel J; Giannini, Edward H; Gare, Boel Andersson; Martini, Alberto

2010-11-01

To develop a provisional definition for the evaluation of response to therapy in juvenile dermatomyositis (DM) based on the Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation juvenile DM core set of variables. Thirty-seven experienced pediatric rheumatologists from 27 countries achieved consensus on 128 difficult patient profiles as clinically improved or not improved using a stepwise approach (patient's rating, statistical analysis, definition selection). Using the physicians' consensus ratings as the "gold standard measure," chi-square, sensitivity, specificity, false-positive and-negative rates, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, and kappa agreement for candidate definitions of improvement were calculated. Definitions with kappa values >0.8 were multiplied by the face validity score to select the top definitions. The top definition of improvement was at least 20% improvement from baseline in 3 of 6 core set variables with no more than 1 of the remaining worsening by more than 30%, which cannot be muscle strength. The second-highest scoring definition was at least 20% improvement from baseline in 3 of 6 core set variables with no more than 2 of the remaining worsening by more than 25%, which cannot be muscle strength (definition P1 selected by the International Myositis Assessment and Clinical Studies group). The third is similar to the second with the maximum amount of worsening set to 30%. This indicates convergent validity of the process. We propose a provisional data-driven definition of improvement that reflects well the consensus rating of experienced clinicians, which incorporates clinically meaningful change in core set variables in a composite end point for the evaluation of global response to therapy in juvenile DM. Copyright © 2010 by the American College of Rheumatology.

An evaluation of the usefulness of consensus definitions of sarcopenia in older men: results from the observational Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) cohort study

PubMed Central

Cawthon, Peggy M; Blackwell, Terri L; Cauley, Jane; Kado, Deborah M; Barrett-Connor, Elizabeth; Lee, Christine G; Hoffman, Andrew R; Nevitt, Michael M; Stefanick, Marcia L; Lane, Nancy E; Ensrud, Kristine E; Cummings, Steven R; Orwoll, Eric S

2016-01-01

Background Recently, several consensus definitions for sarcopenia have been developed. Objective To evaluate the associations and discriminative ability of definitions of sarcopenia against clinical outcomes. Design Osteoporotic Fractures in Men study Setting Six clinical centers Participants 5,934 community-dwelling men aged ≥65 yrs Measurements Sarcopenia definitions evaluated were: International Working Group (IWG), European Working Group for Sarcopenia in Older Persons (EWGSOP), Foundation for the NIH (FNIH) Sarcopenia, Baumgartner, and Newman. Recurrent falls were defined as ≥2 self-reported falls in the year after baseline (N=694, 11.9%). Incident hip fractures (N=207, 3.5 %) and deaths (N=2003, 34.1%) were confirmed by central review of medical records over 9.8 years. Self-reported functional limitations were assessed at baseline and again 4.6 years later. Logistic regression or proportional hazards models estimated associations between sarcopenia and falls, hip fractures or death. The discriminative ability of the sarcopenia definitions (compared to referent models) for these outcomes was evaluated with areas under the receiver operator curve (AUCs) or C-statistics. Referent models included age alone for falls, function limitations and mortality, and age and BMD for hip fractures. Results The association between sarcopenia by the various definitions and risk of falls, functional limitations, and hip fractures was variable; all definitions were associated with increased mortality risk. However, none of the definitions materially changed discrimination based on AUC and C-statistic when compared to referent models (change ≤1% in all models). Conclusions Sarcopenia definitions as currently constructed did not consistently improve prediction of clinical outcomes in relatively healthy older men. PMID:26502831

Energy Efficient Engine: Control system preliminary definition report

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Howe, David C.

1986-01-01

The object of the Control Preliminary Definition Program was to define a preliminary control system concept as a part of the Energy Efficient Engine program. The program was limited to a conceptual definition of a full authority digital electronic control system. System requirements were determined and a control system was conceptually defined to these requirements. Areas requiring technological development were identified and a plan was established for implementing the identified technological features, including a control technology demonstration. A significant element of this program was a study of the potential benefits of closed-loop active clearance control, along with laboratory tests of candidate clearance sensor elements for a closed loop system.

Crystal Growth Furnace (CGF)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Billingsley, Charles E.; Frederick, Larry

1993-01-01

The contract baseline, contract requirements review, contract modifications, contract problem areas and conclusions are addressed. Contract baseline was established 11 June 1987 and updated 1 December 1989. Significant changes were introduced into the 1989 baseline as compared to the original baseline. Contract modifications were made to add requirements as the program matured and as definition of requirements were completed. Problems were solved in real time through the contractor/customer team involvement and relationship to assure a timely and successful mission. The conclusion is that the CGF performed as designed and the experiments performed during the USML-1 Mission supports the conclusion.

Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine Tests with Unstabilized Water-in-Fuel Emulsions

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1978-08-01

A single-cylinder, four-stroke cycle diesel engine was operated on unstabilized water-in-fuel emulsions. Two prototype devices were used to produce the emulsions on-line with the engine. More than 350 test points were run with baseline diesel fuel an...

Hybrid Kalman Filter: A New Approach for Aircraft Engine In-Flight Diagnostics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kobayashi, Takahisa; Simon, Donald L.

2006-01-01

In this paper, a uniquely structured Kalman filter is developed for its application to in-flight diagnostics of aircraft gas turbine engines. The Kalman filter is a hybrid of a nonlinear on-board engine model (OBEM) and piecewise linear models. The utilization of the nonlinear OBEM allows the reference health baseline of the in-flight diagnostic system to be updated to the degraded health condition of the engines through a relatively simple process. Through this health baseline update, the effectiveness of the in-flight diagnostic algorithm can be maintained as the health of the engine degrades over time. Another significant aspect of the hybrid Kalman filter methodology is its capability to take advantage of conventional linear and nonlinear Kalman filter approaches. Based on the hybrid Kalman filter, an in-flight fault detection system is developed, and its diagnostic capability is evaluated in a simulation environment. Through the evaluation, the suitability of the hybrid Kalman filter technique for aircraft engine in-flight diagnostics is demonstrated.

49 CFR 229.5 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... locomotive engineer attentiveness by monitoring select locomotive engineer-induced control activities. If fluctuation of a monitored locomotive engineer-induced control activity is not detected within a predetermined... monitored control, or acknowledge the alerter alarm activity through a manual reset provision, results in a...

49 CFR 229.5 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... locomotive engineer attentiveness by monitoring select locomotive engineer-induced control activities. If fluctuation of a monitored locomotive engineer-induced control activity is not detected within a predetermined... monitored control, or acknowledge the alerter alarm activity through a manual reset provision, results in a...

49 CFR 229.5 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... locomotive engineer attentiveness by monitoring select locomotive engineer-induced control activities. If fluctuation of a monitored locomotive engineer-induced control activity is not detected within a predetermined... monitored control, or acknowledge the alerter alarm activity through a manual reset provision, results in a...

40 CFR 86.085-2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... represents the manufacturer's total diesel light-duty vehicle production for those engine families being... standard. PRODLDT represents the manufacturer's total diesel light-duty truck production for those engine... average particulate emission level, for certification purposes, of all of its diesel engine families...

40 CFR 1074.5 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... activity engaged in as a vocation. Construction equipment or vehicle means any internal combustion engine... vehicle means any internal combustion engine-powered machine primarily used in the commercial production... STATE STANDARDS AND PROCEDURES FOR WAIVER OF FEDERAL PREEMPTION FOR NONROAD ENGINES AND NONROAD VEHICLES...

40 CFR 1074.5 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... activity engaged in as a vocation. Construction equipment or vehicle means any internal combustion engine... vehicle means any internal combustion engine-powered machine primarily used in the commercial production... STATE STANDARDS AND PROCEDURES FOR WAIVER OF FEDERAL PREEMPTION FOR NONROAD ENGINES AND NONROAD VEHICLES...

32 CFR 168a.3 - Definition.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Definition. 168a.3 Section 168a.3 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DEFENSE CONTRACTING NATIONAL DEFENSE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING GRADUATE FELLOWSHIPS § 168a.3 Definition. Sponsoring Agency. A DoD Component or an...

40 CFR 85.1703 - Definition of motor vehicle.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 19 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Definition of motor vehicle. 85.1703... (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF AIR POLLUTION FROM MOBILE SOURCES Exclusion and Exemption of Motor Vehicles and Motor Vehicle Engines § 85.1703 Definition of motor vehicle. (a) For the purpose of determining the...

32 CFR 168a.3 - Definition.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Definition. 168a.3 Section 168a.3 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DEFENSE CONTRACTING NATIONAL DEFENSE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING GRADUATE FELLOWSHIPS § 168a.3 Definition. Sponsoring Agency. A DoD Component or an...

32 CFR 168a.3 - Definition.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Definition. 168a.3 Section 168a.3 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DEFENSE CONTRACTING NATIONAL DEFENSE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING GRADUATE FELLOWSHIPS § 168a.3 Definition. Sponsoring Agency. A DoD Component or an...

32 CFR 168a.3 - Definition.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Definition. 168a.3 Section 168a.3 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DEFENSE CONTRACTING NATIONAL DEFENSE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING GRADUATE FELLOWSHIPS § 168a.3 Definition. Sponsoring Agency. A DoD Component or an...

40 CFR 85.1703 - Definition of motor vehicle.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 18 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Definition of motor vehicle. 85.1703... (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF AIR POLLUTION FROM MOBILE SOURCES Exclusion and Exemption of Motor Vehicles and Motor Vehicle Engines § 85.1703 Definition of motor vehicle. (a) For the purpose of determining the...

40 CFR 85.1703 - Definition of motor vehicle.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 18 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Definition of motor vehicle. 85.1703... (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF AIR POLLUTION FROM MOBILE SOURCES Exclusion and Exemption of Motor Vehicles and Motor Vehicle Engines § 85.1703 Definition of motor vehicle. (a) For the purpose of determining the...

40 CFR 86.202-94 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES Emission Regulations for 1994 and Later Model Year Gasoline-Fueled New Light-Duty Vehicles, New Light-Duty Trucks and New Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles; Cold Temperature Test Procedures § 86.202-94 Definitions. The definitions in subpart A...

46 CFR 58.16-5 - Definition.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Definition. 58.16-5 Section 58.16-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING MAIN AND AUXILIARY MACHINERY AND RELATED SYSTEMS Liquefied Petroleum Gases for Cooking and Heating § 58.16-5 Definition. For the purpose of this...

40 CFR 35.936-1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Definitions. 35.936-1 Section 35.936-1... ASSISTANCE Grants for Construction of Treatment Works-Clean Water Act § 35.936-1 Definitions. As used in... engineering services or construction awarded by the grantee—generally applicable only to subcontracts in...

33 CFR 328.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Definitions. 328.3 Section 328.3 Navigation and Navigable Waters CORPS OF ENGINEERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE DEFINITION... currently used, or were used in the past, or may be susceptible to use in interstate or foreign commerce...

33 CFR 328.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Definitions. 328.3 Section 328.3 Navigation and Navigable Waters CORPS OF ENGINEERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE DEFINITION... currently used, or were used in the past, or may be susceptible to use in interstate or foreign commerce...

33 CFR 328.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Definitions. 328.3 Section 328.3 Navigation and Navigable Waters CORPS OF ENGINEERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE DEFINITION... currently used, or were used in the past, or may be susceptible to use in interstate or foreign commerce...

32 CFR 168a.3 - Definition.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Definition. 168a.3 Section 168a.3 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DEFENSE CONTRACTING NATIONAL DEFENSE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING GRADUATE FELLOWSHIPS § 168a.3 Definition. Sponsoring Agency. A DoD Component or an...

Strategic avionics technology definition studies. Subtask 3-1A: Electrical Actuation (ELA) systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pond, Charles L.; Mcdermott, William A.; Lum, Ben T. F.

1993-01-01

Electrical actuator (ELA) power efficiency and requirements are examined for space system application. Requirements for Space Shuttle effector systems are presented, along with preliminary ELA trades and selection to form a preliminary ELA system baseline. Power and energy requirements for this baseline ELA system are applicable to the Space Shuttle and similar space vehicles.

Orbit transfer rocket engine technology program. Phase 2: Advanced engine study

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Erickson, C.; Martinez, A.; Hines, B.

1987-01-01

In Phase 2 of the Advanced Engine Study, the Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) maintenance-driven engine design, preliminary maintenance plan, and concept for space operable disconnects generated in Phase 1 were further developed. Based on the results of the vehicle contractors Orbit Transfer Vehicle (OTV) Concept Definition and System Analysis Phase A studies, minor revisions to the engine design were made. Additional refinements in the engine design were identified through further engine concept studies. These included an updated engine balance incorporating experimental heat transfer data from the Enhanced Heat Load Thrust Chamber Study and a Rao optimum nozzle contour. The preliminary maintenance plan of Phase 1 was further developed through additional studies. These included a compilation of critical component lives and life limiters and a review of the Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) operations and maintenance manual in order to begin outlining the overall maintenance procedures for the Orbit Transfer Vehicle Engine and identifying technology requirements for streamlining space-based operations. Phase 2 efforts also provided further definition to the advanced fluid coupling devices including the selection and preliminary design of a preferred concept and a preliminary test plan for its further development.

40 CFR 63.11132 - What definitions apply to this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... an internal combustion engine (including the fuel system) that is not used in a motor vehicle or a... internal combustion engines. Gasoline cargo tank means a delivery tank truck or railcar which is loading or... motor vehicle, motor vehicle engine, nonroad vehicle, or nonroad engine, including a nonroad vehicle or...

10 CFR 431.12 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... scope and procedures given in Test Method B of Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE... the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. NEMA means the National Electrical...

Cold-air performance of the compressor-drive turbine of the Department of Energy baseline automobile gas-turbine engine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Roelke, R. J.; Mclallin, K. L.

1978-01-01

The aerodynamic performance of the compressor-drive turbine of the DOE baseline gas-turbine engine was determined over a range of pressure ratios and speeds. In addition, static pressures were measured in the diffusing transition duct located immediately downstream of the turbine. Results are presented in terms of mass flow, torque, specific work, and efficiency for the turbine and in terms of pressure recovery and effectiveness for the transition duct.

40 CFR 86.090-2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) Light heavy-duty diesel engines usually are non-sleeved and not designed for rebuild; their rated... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF... any motor vehicle (or motor vehicle engine) engineered and designed to be operated using a single fuel...

40 CFR 86.090-2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) Light heavy-duty diesel engines usually are non-sleeved and not designed for rebuild; their rated... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF... any motor vehicle (or motor vehicle engine) engineered and designed to be operated using a single fuel...

49 CFR 830.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

..., search and rescue, law enforcement, aeronautical research, or biological or geological resource..., and which would normally require major repair or replacement of the affected component. Engine failure or damage limited to an engine if only one engine fails or is damaged, bent fairings or cowling...

49 CFR 830.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

..., search and rescue, law enforcement, aeronautical research, or biological or geological resource..., and which would normally require major repair or replacement of the affected component. Engine failure or damage limited to an engine if only one engine fails or is damaged, bent fairings or cowling...

49 CFR 830.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

..., search and rescue, law enforcement, aeronautical research, or biological or geological resource..., and which would normally require major repair or replacement of the affected component. Engine failure or damage limited to an engine if only one engine fails or is damaged, bent fairings or cowling...

33 CFR 211.142 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... encouraging the development of public port or industrial facilities. (e) District Engineer. The term “District....142 Navigation and Navigable Waters CORPS OF ENGINEERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE REAL ESTATE ACTIVITIES OF THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS IN CONNECTION WITH CIVIL WORKS PROJECTS Conveyances...

33 CFR 211.142 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... encouraging the development of public port or industrial facilities. (e) District Engineer. The term “District....142 Navigation and Navigable Waters CORPS OF ENGINEERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE REAL ESTATE ACTIVITIES OF THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS IN CONNECTION WITH CIVIL WORKS PROJECTS Conveyances...

40 CFR 60.541 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... operation means the operation identified as Michelin-A in the Emission Standards and Engineering Division... identified as Michelin-B in the Emission Standards and Engineering Division confidential file as referenced... Michelin-C-automatic in the Emission Standards and Engineering Division confidential file as referenced in...

40 CFR 60.541 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... operation means the operation identified as Michelin-A in the Emission Standards and Engineering Division... identified as Michelin-B in the Emission Standards and Engineering Division confidential file as referenced... Michelin-C-automatic in the Emission Standards and Engineering Division confidential file as referenced in...

40 CFR 60.541 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... operation means the operation identified as Michelin-A in the Emission Standards and Engineering Division... identified as Michelin-B in the Emission Standards and Engineering Division confidential file as referenced... Michelin-C-automatic in the Emission Standards and Engineering Division confidential file as referenced in...

40 CFR 60.541 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... operation means the operation identified as Michelin-A in the Emission Standards and Engineering Division... identified as Michelin-B in the Emission Standards and Engineering Division confidential file as referenced... Michelin-C-automatic in the Emission Standards and Engineering Division confidential file as referenced in...

40 CFR 86.085-2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... represents the manufacturer's total diesel light-duty vehicle production for those engine families being... standard. PRODLDT represents the manufacturer's total diesel light-duty truck production for those engine... particulate emission level, for certification purposes, of all of its diesel engine families included in the...

40 CFR 91.202 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... families within a given manufacturer's product line. Banking means the retention of marine SI engine... or trading as permitted by these regulations. Eligible sales means marine SI engines sold for... based on the projected applicable production/sales volume of the engine family. “Reserved credits” are...

49 CFR 830.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

..., search and rescue, law enforcement, aeronautical research, or biological or geological resource..., and which would normally require major repair or replacement of the affected component. Engine failure or damage limited to an engine if only one engine fails or is damaged, bent fairings or cowling...

Alternative Fuels Data Center: Conversion Regulations

Science.gov Websites

longer "new or relatively new" but still fall within EPA's definition of useful life of vehicles or engines that are outside EPA's definition of useful life. Manufacturers must submit

Space Transportation Main Engine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Monk, Jan C.

1992-01-01

The topics are presented in viewgraph form and include the following: Space Transportation Main Engine (STME) definition, design philosophy, robust design, maximum design condition, casting vs. machined and welded forgings, operability considerations, high reliability design philosophy, engine reliability enhancement, low cost design philosophy, engine systems requirements, STME schematic, fuel turbopump, liquid oxygen turbopump, main injector, and gas generator. The major engine components of the STME and the Space Shuttle Main Engine are compared.

Progression of Near Vision Loss and Incidence of Near Vision Impairment in an Adult Chinese Population.

PubMed

Han, Xiaotong; Ellwein, Leon B; Guo, Xinxing; Hu, Yin; Yan, William; He, Mingguang

2017-05-01

To investigate the progression of near vision loss and the cumulative incidence of near vision impairment (NVI) 6 years after initial examination of an urban Chinese cohort. Population-based, prospective cohort study. People aged ≥35 years examined at baseline in the Yuexiu District of Guangzhou, China. Participants examined at baseline were invited for 2-year and 6-year follow-up examinations in 2010 and 2014, respectively. Examinations included noncycloplegic autorefraction and binocular near visual acuity (NVA) with and without current near correction measured at 40 cm using a LogMAR ETDRS near vision tumbling E chart. Those with uncorrected binocular NVA (UCNVA) ≤20/40 underwent subjective refraction to obtain best-corrected binocular NVA (BCNVA). Change in UCNVA between baseline and 2014 follow-up examinations and the 6-year cumulative incidence of vision impairment based on 3 definitions: NVA ≤20/40, ≤20/50, and ≤20/63. Among the 1817 baseline participants, 1595 (87.8%) were reexamined in 2010 and 1427 (78.5%) in 2014. Mean vision loss between baseline and the 2014 follow-up was 1.54 (±1.74) lines of UCNVA. Vision loss was associated with age 80 years or older, less education, and better baseline UCNVA. The 6-year cumulative incidence of uncorrected binocular NVI (UCNVI) across the 3 vision impairment definitions was 55.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 46.1%-64.3%), 51.3% (95% CI, 44.0%-58.7%), and 42.4% (95% CI, 35.5%-49.3%), respectively. With best-corrected binocular NVI (BCNVI), incidence was 6.89% (95% CI, 4.28%-9.50%), 5.17% (95% CI, 2.89%-7.44%), and 2.62% (95% CI, 1.11%-4.12%), respectively. A higher incidence of UCNVI was associated with worse baseline UCNVA for all 3 impairment definitions. Similarly, incidence of BCNVI was associated with worse baseline BCNVA, but also with older age and education at the primary level or less. Gender was not significant for either UCNVI or BCNVI. Approximately half of those aged 35 years or older develop UCNVI in 6 years, the overwhelming majority of whom can be corrected with spectacles. Cost-effective strategies to provide spectacles to this at-risk population remains an issue requiring further study. Copyright © 2017 American Academy of Ophthalmology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Optimization and Modeling of Noise Reduction for Turbulent Jets with Induced Asymmetry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rostamimonjezi, Sara

This project relates to the development of next-generation high-speed aircraft that are efficient and environmentally compliant. The emphasis of the research is on reducing noise from high-performance engines that will power these aircraft. A strong component of engine noise is jet mixing noise that comes from the turbulent mixing process between the high-speed exhaust flow of the engine and the atmosphere. The fan flow deflection method (FFD) suppresses jet noise by deflecting the fan stream downward, by a few degrees, with respect to the core stream. This reduces the convective Mach number of the primary shear layer and turbulent kinetic energy in the downward direction and therefore reduces the noise emitted towards the ground. The redistribution of the fan stream is achieved with inserting airfoil-shaped vanes inside the fan duct. Aerodynamic optimization of FFD has been done by Dr. Juntao Xiong using a computational fluid dynamics code to maximize reduction of noise perceived by the community while minimizing aerodynamic losses. The optimal vane airfoils are used in a parametric experimental study of 50 4-vane deflector configurations. The vane chord length, angle of attack, and azimuthal location are the parameters studied in acoustic optimization. The best vane configuration yields a reduction in cumulative (downward + sideline) effective perceived noise level (EPNL) of 5.3 dB. The optimization study underscores the sensitivity of FFD to deflector parameters and the need for careful design in the practical implementation of this noise reduction approach. An analytical model based on Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) and acoustic analogy is developed to predict the spectral changes from a known baseline in the direction of peak emission. A generalized form for space-time correlation is introduced that allows shapes beyond the traditional exponential forms. Azimuthal directivity based on the wavepacket model of jet noise is integrated with the acoustic analogy model. A physics-based definition of convective Mach number is proposed. The predicted noise reduction is in reasonable agreement with the experiments. The study underscores the importance of a proper definition of convective Mach number when modeling noise in the direction of peak emission.

Estimating error statistics for Chambon-la-Forêt observatory definitive data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lesur, Vincent; Heumez, Benoît; Telali, Abdelkader; Lalanne, Xavier; Soloviev, Anatoly

2017-08-01

We propose a new algorithm for calibrating definitive observatory data with the goal of providing users with estimates of the data error standard deviations (SDs). The algorithm has been implemented and tested using Chambon-la-Forêt observatory (CLF) data. The calibration process uses all available data. It is set as a large, weakly non-linear, inverse problem that ultimately provides estimates of baseline values in three orthogonal directions, together with their expected standard deviations. For this inverse problem, absolute data error statistics are estimated from two series of absolute measurements made within a day. Similarly, variometer data error statistics are derived by comparing variometer data time series between different pairs of instruments over few years. The comparisons of these time series led us to use an autoregressive process of order 1 (AR1 process) as a prior for the baselines. Therefore the obtained baselines do not vary smoothly in time. They have relatively small SDs, well below 300 pT when absolute data are recorded twice a week - i.e. within the daily to weekly measures recommended by INTERMAGNET. The algorithm was tested against the process traditionally used to derive baselines at CLF observatory, suggesting that statistics are less favourable when this latter process is used. Finally, two sets of definitive data were calibrated using the new algorithm. Their comparison shows that the definitive data SDs are less than 400 pT and may be slightly overestimated by our process: an indication that more work is required to have proper estimates of absolute data error statistics. For magnetic field modelling, the results show that even on isolated sites like CLF observatory, there are very localised signals over a large span of temporal frequencies that can be as large as 1 nT. The SDs reported here encompass signals of a few hundred metres and less than a day wavelengths.

DOT/NASA comparative assessment of Brayton engines for guideway vehicle and buses. Volume 1: Summary

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1975-01-01

The Department of Transportation requested that the NASA Office of Aeronautics and Space Technology evaluate and assess the potential of several types of gas turbine engines and fuels for the on-board power and propulsion of a future heavy-duty ground transportation system. The purpose of the investigation was threefold: (1) to provide a definition of the potential for turbine engines to minimize pollution, energy consumption, and noise; (2) to provide a useful means of comparison of the types of engine based on consistent assumptions and a common analytical approach; and (3) to provide a compendium of comparative performance data that would serve as the technical basis for future planning. Emphasis was on establishing comparison trends rather than on absolute values and a definitive engine selection. The primary value of this study is intended to be usefulness of the results to provide a quantitative basis for future judgement.

Laser Ignition Technology for Bi-Propellant Rocket Engine Applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Thomas, Matt; Bossard, John; Early, Jim; Trinh, Huu; Dennis, Jay; Turner, James (Technical Monitor)

2001-01-01

This viewgraph presentation gives an overview of laser ignition technology for bipropellant rocket engines applications. The objectives of this project include: (1) the selection test chambers and flows; (2) definition of the laser ignition setup; (3) pulse format optimization; (4) fiber optic coupled laser ignition system analysis; and (5) chamber integration issues definition. The testing concludes that rocket combustion chamber laser ignition is imminent. Support technologies (multiplexing, window durability/cleaning, and fiber optic durability) are feasible.

Expedient Gap Definition Using 3D LADAR

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-09-01

Research and Development Center (ERDC), ASI has developed an algorithm to reduce the 3D point cloud acquired with the LADAR system into sets of 2D...ATO IV.GC.2004.02. The GAP Program is conducted by the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) in conjunction with the U.S. Army...Introduction 1 1 Introduction Background The Battlespace Gap Definition and Defeat ( GAP ) Program is conducted by the U.S. Army Engineer Research and

33 CFR 335.7 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... AND MAINTENANCE OF ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS CIVIL WORKS PROJECTS INVOLVING THE DISCHARGE OF DREDGED OR... engineering practices and meeting the environmental standards established by the 404(b)(1) evaluation process...

33 CFR 335.7 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... AND MAINTENANCE OF ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS CIVIL WORKS PROJECTS INVOLVING THE DISCHARGE OF DREDGED OR... engineering practices and meeting the environmental standards established by the 404(b)(1) evaluation process...

33 CFR 335.7 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... AND MAINTENANCE OF ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS CIVIL WORKS PROJECTS INVOLVING THE DISCHARGE OF DREDGED OR... engineering practices and meeting the environmental standards established by the 404(b)(1) evaluation process...

33 CFR 335.7 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... AND MAINTENANCE OF ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS CIVIL WORKS PROJECTS INVOLVING THE DISCHARGE OF DREDGED OR... engineering practices and meeting the environmental standards established by the 404(b)(1) evaluation process...

33 CFR 335.7 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... AND MAINTENANCE OF ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS CIVIL WORKS PROJECTS INVOLVING THE DISCHARGE OF DREDGED OR... engineering practices and meeting the environmental standards established by the 404(b)(1) evaluation process...

Rocket engine numerical simulator

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Davidian, Ken

1993-01-01

The topics are presented in viewgraph form and include the following: a rocket engine numerical simulator (RENS) definition; objectives; justification; approach; potential applications; potential users; RENS work flowchart; RENS prototype; and conclusion.

Knowledge management in the engineering design environment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Briggs, Hugh C.

2006-01-01

The Aerospace and Defense industry is experiencing an increasing loss of knowledge through workforce reductions associated with business consolidation and retirement of senior personnel. Significant effort is being placed on process definition as part of ISO certification and, more recently, CMMI certification. The process knowledge in these efforts represents the simplest of engineering knowledge and many organizations are trying to get senior engineers to write more significant guidelines, best practices and design manuals. A new generation of design software, known as Product Lifecycle Management systems, has many mechanisms for capturing and deploying a wider variety of engineering knowledge than simple process definitions. These hold the promise of significant improvements through reuse of prior designs, codification of practices in workflows, and placement of detailed how-tos at the point of application.

Truck Noise VIB : A Baseline Study of the Parameters Affecting Diesel Engine Intake and Exhaust Silencer Design

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1974-01-01

A survey of diesel engine, truck, intake system, and exhaust system manufacturers was made for the purpose of compiling detailed information on all major mass-produced diesel engines currently used in the United States for trucks and buses, and on ex...

77 FR 4736 - Nonconformance Penalties for On-Highway Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-31

... entire model year 2012 production. This manufacturer intends to use a different technology to meet the NO.... (2) Baseline Engine Technology Most manufacturers generally have never had production engines at 0.50... Risks'' H. Executive Order 13211 (Energy Effects) I. National Technology Transfer Advancement Act J...

17 CFR 250.80 - Definitions of terms used in rules under section 13.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Definitions of terms used in..., Sales and Construction Contracts § 250.80 Definitions of terms used in rules under section 13. As used... context otherwise requires: (a) Service means any managerial, financial, legal, engineering, purchasing...

40 CFR 1045.801 - What definitions apply to this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... emission control device means any element of design that senses temperature, motive speed, engine RPM... of design that controls or reduces the emissions of regulated pollutants from an engine. Emission... POLLUTION CONTROLS CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM SPARK-IGNITION PROPULSION MARINE ENGINES AND VESSELS...

40 CFR 1045.801 - What definitions apply to this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... emission control device means any element of design that senses temperature, motive speed, engine RPM... of design that controls or reduces the emissions of regulated pollutants from an engine. Emission... POLLUTION CONTROLS CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM SPARK-IGNITION PROPULSION MARINE ENGINES AND VESSELS...

40 CFR 1045.801 - What definitions apply to this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... emission control device means any element of design that senses temperature, motive speed, engine RPM... of design that controls or reduces the emissions of regulated pollutants from an engine. Emission... POLLUTION CONTROLS CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM SPARK-IGNITION PROPULSION MARINE ENGINES AND VESSELS...

40 CFR 1045.801 - What definitions apply to this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... emission control device means any element of design that senses temperature, motive speed, engine RPM... of design that controls or reduces the emissions of regulated pollutants from an engine. Emission... POLLUTION CONTROLS CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM SPARK-IGNITION PROPULSION MARINE ENGINES AND VESSELS...

40 CFR 87.62 - Test procedure (propulsion engines).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Test procedure (propulsion engines). 87.62 Section 87.62 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) Definitions. Test Procedures § 87.62 Test procedure (propulsion engines). Link to an...

40 CFR 88.302-94 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

.../engine conversion configuration pursuant to the requirements of 40 CFR part 86 and this part 88. Control... combination of vehicle/engine conversion hardware and a base vehicle of a specific engine family. Covered... vehicle component manufacturer, or owned or held by a university research department, independent testing...

40 CFR 88.302-94 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

.../engine conversion configuration pursuant to the requirements of 40 CFR part 86 and this part 88. Control... combination of vehicle/engine conversion hardware and a base vehicle of a specific engine family. Covered... vehicle component manufacturer, or owned or held by a university research department, independent testing...

40 CFR 88.302-94 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

.../engine conversion configuration pursuant to the requirements of 40 CFR part 86 and this part 88. Control... combination of vehicle/engine conversion hardware and a base vehicle of a specific engine family. Covered... vehicle component manufacturer, or owned or held by a university research department, independent testing...

40 CFR 88.302-94 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

.../engine conversion configuration pursuant to the requirements of 40 CFR part 86 and this part 88. Control... combination of vehicle/engine conversion hardware and a base vehicle of a specific engine family. Covered... vehicle component manufacturer, or owned or held by a university research department, independent testing...

40 CFR 88.302-94 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

.../engine conversion configuration pursuant to the requirements of 40 CFR part 86 and this part 88. Control... combination of vehicle/engine conversion hardware and a base vehicle of a specific engine family. Covered... vehicle component manufacturer, or owned or held by a university research department, independent testing...

26 CFR 1.993-1 - Definition of qualified export receipts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... this section. (h) Engineering and architectural services—(1) In general. Qualified export receipts of a DISC include gross receipts from engineering services (as described in subparagraph (5) of this... within or without the United States. (2) Services included. Engineering and architectural services...

26 CFR 1.993-1 - Definition of qualified export receipts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... this section. (h) Engineering and architectural services—(1) In general. Qualified export receipts of a DISC include gross receipts from engineering services (as described in subparagraph (5) of this... within or without the United States. (2) Services included. Engineering and architectural services...

26 CFR 1.993-1 - Definition of qualified export receipts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... this section. (h) Engineering and architectural services—(1) In general. Qualified export receipts of a DISC include gross receipts from engineering services (as described in subparagraph (5) of this... within or without the United States. (2) Services included. Engineering and architectural services...

26 CFR 1.993-1 - Definition of qualified export receipts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... this section. (h) Engineering and architectural services—(1) In general. Qualified export receipts of a DISC include gross receipts from engineering services (as described in subparagraph (5) of this... within or without the United States. (2) Services included. Engineering and architectural services...

40 CFR 80.140 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... deposits formed in the carburetor during operation of a carburetted gasoline engine which can disrupt the... additive package to prevent the formation of deposits in gasoline engines. Deposit control efficiency means... and after operation of a gasoline engine, as evaluated by the reduction in the gasoline flow rate...

40 CFR 80.140 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... deposits formed in the carburetor during operation of a carburetted gasoline engine which can disrupt the... additive package to prevent the formation of deposits in gasoline engines. Deposit control efficiency means... and after operation of a gasoline engine, as evaluated by the reduction in the gasoline flow rate...

40 CFR 80.140 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... deposits formed in the carburetor during operation of a carburetted gasoline engine which can disrupt the... additive package to prevent the formation of deposits in gasoline engines. Deposit control efficiency means... and after operation of a gasoline engine, as evaluated by the reduction in the gasoline flow rate...

49 CFR 830.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... associated with the performance of, a governmental function such as firefighting, search and rescue, law... normally require major repair or replacement of the affected component. Engine failure or damage limited to an engine if only one engine fails or is damaged, bent fairings or cowling, dented skin, small...

Rocket Engine Health Management: Early Definition of Critical Flight Measurements

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Christenson, Rick L.; Nelson, Michael A.; Butas, John P.

2003-01-01

The NASA led Space Launch Initiative (SLI) program has established key requirements related to safety, reliability, launch availability and operations cost to be met by the next generation of reusable launch vehicles. Key to meeting these requirements will be an integrated vehicle health management ( M) system that includes sensors, harnesses, software, memory, and processors. Such a system must be integrated across all the vehicle subsystems and meet component, subsystem, and system requirements relative to fault detection, fault isolation, and false alarm rate. The purpose of this activity is to evolve techniques for defining critical flight engine system measurements-early within the definition of an engine health management system (EHMS). Two approaches, performance-based and failure mode-based, are integrated to provide a proposed set of measurements to be collected. This integrated approach is applied to MSFC s MC-1 engine. Early identification of measurements supports early identification of candidate sensor systems whose design and impacts to the engine components must be considered in engine design.

Expediting the transition from replacement medicine to tissue engineering.

PubMed

Coury, Arthur J

2016-06-01

In this article, an expansive interpretation of "Tissue Engineering" is proposed which is in congruence with classical and recent published definitions. I further simplify the definition of tissue engineering as: "Exerting systematic control of the body's cells, matrices and fluids." As a consequence, many medical therapies not commonly considered tissue engineering are placed in this category because of their effect on the body's responses. While the progress of tissue engineering strategies is inexorable and generally positive, it has been subject to setbacks as have many important medical therapies. Medical practice is currently undergoing a transition on several fronts (academics, start-up companies, going concerns) from the era of "replacement medicine" where body parts and functions are replaced by mechanical, electrical or chemical therapies to the era of tissue engineering where health is restored by regeneration generation or limitation of the body's tissues and functions by exploiting our expanding knowledge of the body's biological processes to produce natural, healthy outcomes.

Engine dynamic analysis with general nonlinear finite element codes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Adams, M. L.; Padovan, J.; Fertis, D. G.

1991-01-01

A general engine dynamic analysis as a standard design study computational tool is described for the prediction and understanding of complex engine dynamic behavior. Improved definition of engine dynamic response provides valuable information and insights leading to reduced maintenance and overhaul costs on existing engine configurations. Application of advanced engine dynamic simulation methods provides a considerable cost reduction in the development of new engine designs by eliminating some of the trial and error process done with engine hardware development.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Van Blarigan, P.

A hydrogen fueled engine is being developed specifically for the auxiliary power unit (APU) in a series type hybrid vehicle. Hydrogen is different from other internal combustion (IC) engine fuels, and hybrid vehicle IC engine requirements are different from those of other IC vehicle engines. Together these differences will allow a new engine design based on first principles that will maximize thermal efficiency while minimizing principal emissions. The experimental program is proceeding in four steps: (1) Demonstration of the emissions and the indicated thermal efficiency capability of a standard CLR research engine modified for higher compression ratios and hydrogen fueledmore » operation. (2) Design and test a new combustion chamber geometry for an existing single cylinder research engine, in an attempt to improve on the baseline indicated thermal efficiency of the CLR engine. (3) Design and build, in conjunction with an industrial collaborator, a new full scale research engine designed to maximize brake thermal efficiency. Include a full complement of combustion diagnostics. (4) Incorporate all of the knowledge thus obtained in the design and fabrication, by an industrial collaborator, of the hydrogen fueled engine for the hybrid vehicle power train illustrator. Results of the CLR baseline engine testing are presented, as well as preliminary data from the new combustion chamber engine. The CLR data confirm the low NOx produced by lean operation. The preliminary indicated thermal efficiency data from the new combustion chamber design engine show an improvement relative to the CLR engine. Comparison with previous high compression engine results shows reasonable agreement.« less

7 CFR 2902.25 - 2-Cycle engine oils.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 15 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false 2-Cycle engine oils. 2902.25 Section 2902.25... Items § 2902.25 2-Cycle engine oils. (a) Definition. Lubricants designed for use in 2-cycle engines to... least 34 percent, which shall be based on the amount of qualifying biobased carbon in the product as a...

40 CFR 86.1502 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Heavy-Duty Engines, New Methanol-Fueled Natural Gas-Fueled, and Liquefied Petroleum Gas-Fueled Diesel-Cycle Heavy-Duty Engines, New Otto-Cycle Light-Duty Trucks, and New Methanol-Fueled Natural Gas-Fueled...

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sager, P.H.

Studies were carried out on the FED Baseline to improve design definition, establish feasibility, and reduce cost. Emphasis was placed on cost reduction, but significant feasibility concerns existed in several areas, and better design definition was required to establish feasibility and provide a better basis for cost estimates. Design definition and feasibility studies included the development of a labyrinth shield ring concept to prevent radiation streaming between the torus spool and the TF coil cryostat. The labyrinth shield concept which was developed reduced radiation streaming sufficiently to permit contact maintenance of the inboard EF coils. Various concepts of preventing arcingmore » between adjacent shield sectors were also explored. It was concluded that installation of copper straps with molybdenum thermal radiation shields would provide the most reliable means of preventing arcing. Other design studies included torus spool electrical/structural concepts, test module shielding, torus seismic response, poloidal conditions in the magnets, disruption characteristics, and eddy current effects. These additional studies had no significant impact on cost but did confirm the feasibility of the basic FED Baseline concept.« less

LDR structural experiment definition

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Russell, Richard A.; Gates, Richard M.

1988-01-01

A study was performed to develop the definition of a structural flight experiment for a large precision segmented reflector that would utilize the Space Station. The objective of the study was to use the Large Deployable Reflector (LDR) baseline configuration for focusing on experiment definition activity which would identify the Space Station accommodation requirements and interface constraints. Results of the study defined three Space Station based experiments to demonstrate the technologies needed for an LDR type structure. The basic experiment configurations are the same as the JPL baseline except that the primary mirror truss is 10 meters in diameter instead of 20. The primary objectives of the first experiment are to construct the primary mirror support truss and to determine its structural and thermal characteristics. Addition of the optical bench, thermal shield and primary mirror segments and alignment of the optical components occur on the second experiment. The structure will then be moved to the payload pointing system for pointing, optical control and scientific optical measurement for the third experiment.

Multimodal Transportation Facility Resilience Index

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-03-21

A new paradigm for complex systems performance and maintenance decision making is developing in the form of resilience engineering. Depending on the subject area, different definitions of resilience exist. In this project, we adopt a definition appro...

77 FR 42677 - Special Conditions: General Electric CT7-2E1 Turboshaft Engine

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-20

... Mihail, ANE-111, Engine and Propeller Directorate, Aircraft Certification Service, 12 New England..., ANE-7 Engine and Propeller Directorate, Aircraft Certification Service, 12 New England Executive Park... additional requirements for the rating's definition, overspeed, controls system, and endurance test because...

33 CFR 183.110 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... room means the compartment where a permanently installed gasoline or diesel engine is installed... boat is in its static floating position, except engine rooms. Connected means allowing a flow of water in excess of one-quarter ounce per hour from the engine room bilge into any other compartment with a...

40 CFR 86.085-37 - Production vehicles and engines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

.... (d) The following definitions apply to this section: (1) Model type means a unique combination of car..., inertia weight, and transmission class. (3) Vehicle configuration means a unique combination of basic engine, engine code, inertia weight, transmission configuration, and axle ratio within a base level. [48...

40 CFR 86.085-37 - Production vehicles and engines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

.... (d) The following definitions apply to this section: (1) Model type means a unique combination of car..., inertia weight, and transmission class. (3) Vehicle configuration means a unique combination of basic engine, engine code, inertia weight, transmission configuration, and axle ratio within a base level. [48...

Shuttle Experimental Radar for Geological Exploration (SERGE); antenna and integration concept definition study

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kierein, J. W.

1977-01-01

The baseline configuration defined has the SERGE antenna panel array mounted on the OFT-2 pallet sufficiently high in the bay that negligible amounts of radiation from the beam are reflected from orbiter surfaces into the shuttle payload bay. The array is symmetrically mounted to the pallet along the array long dimension with the pallet at the center. It utilizes a graphite epoxy trusswork support structure. The antenna panels are of SEASAT engineering model design and construction. The antenna array has 7 panels and a 7-way naturally tapered coax corporate feed system. The performance of the system is predicted to exceed 33 db gain, have -15 db sidelobes in the E-plane and even lower in the H-plane, and have and E-plane beamwidth less than 2.2 deg, all within performance specification. The primary support structure is predicted to exceed the specified greater than 25 hertz fundamental frequency, although individual panels will have hertz fundamental frequency.

Crew interface specification development study for in-flight maintenance and stowage functions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Carl, J. G.

1971-01-01

The need and potential solutions for an orderly systems engineering approach to the definition, management and documentation requirements for in-flight maintenance, assembly, servicing, and stowage process activities of the flight crews of future spacecraft were investigated. These processes were analyzed and described using a new technique (mass/function flow diagramming), developed during the study, to give visibility to crew functions and supporting requirements, including data products. This technique is usable by NASA for specification baselines and can assist the designer in identifying both upper and lower level requirements associated with these processes. These diagrams provide increased visibility into the relationships between functions and related equipments being utilized and managed and can serve as a common communicating vehicle between the designer, program management, and the operational planner. The information and data product requirements to support the above processes were identified along with optimum formats and contents of these products. The resulting data product concepts are presented to support these in-flight maintenance and stowage processes.

SumutSiana

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nasution, M. K. M.

2018-02-01

Technically, a definition is at the heart of all forms of understanding. However, in the engineering aspect, the introduction becomes a first step that expands the meaning and function of definitions used for something, especially a particular study. SumutSiana is a term specifically constructed to understand not only North Sumatra culture, but the natural wealth required in social engineering, and this paper becomes infrastructure for it. SumutSiana is disclosed as a scope of discussion on natural resources, culture, human resources, and all related to North Sumatra.

Rocket engine numerical simulation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Davidian, Ken

1993-12-01

The topics are presented in view graph form and include the following: a definition of the rocket engine numerical simulator (RENS); objectives; justification; approach; potential applications; potential users; RENS work flowchart; RENS prototype; and conclusions.

Rocket engine numerical simulation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Davidian, Ken

1993-01-01

The topics are presented in view graph form and include the following: a definition of the rocket engine numerical simulator (RENS); objectives; justification; approach; potential applications; potential users; RENS work flowchart; RENS prototype; and conclusions.

40 CFR 51.491 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... different users. RFP baseline means the total of actual volatile organic compounds or nitrogen oxides..., industrial equipment, construction vehicles, off-road motorcycles, and marine vessels). National ambient air...

Performance Enhancement of One and Two-Shaft Industrial Turboshaft Engines Topped With Wave Rotors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fatsis, Antonios

2018-05-01

Wave rotors are rotating equipment designed to exchange energy between high and low enthalpy fluids by means of unsteady pressure waves. In turbomachinery, they can be used as topping devices to gas turbines aiming to improve performance. The integration of a wave rotor into a ground power unit is far more attractive than into an aeronautical application, since it is not accompanied by any inconvenience concerning the over-weight and extra dimensioning. Two are the most common types of ground industrial gas turbines: The one-shaft and the two-shaft engines. Cycle analysis for both types of gas turbine engines topped with a four-port wave rotor is calculated and their performance is compared to the performance of the baseline engine accordingly. It is concluded that important benefits are obtained in terms of specific work and specific fuel consumption, especially compared to baseline engines with low compressor pressure ratio and low turbine inlet temperature.

Aircraft engine sensor fault diagnostics using an on-line OBEM update method.

PubMed

Liu, Xiaofeng; Xue, Naiyu; Yuan, Ye

2017-01-01

This paper proposed a method to update the on-line health reference baseline of the On-Board Engine Model (OBEM) to maintain the effectiveness of an in-flight aircraft sensor Fault Detection and Isolation (FDI) system, in which a Hybrid Kalman Filter (HKF) was incorporated. Generated from a rapid in-flight engine degradation, a large health condition mismatch between the engine and the OBEM can corrupt the performance of the FDI. Therefore, it is necessary to update the OBEM online when a rapid degradation occurs, but the FDI system will lose estimation accuracy if the estimation and update are running simultaneously. To solve this problem, the health reference baseline for a nonlinear OBEM was updated using the proposed channel controller method. Simulations based on the turbojet engine Linear-Parameter Varying (LPV) model demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed FDI system in the presence of substantial degradation, and the channel controller can ensure that the update process finishes without interference from a single sensor fault.

Aircraft engine sensor fault diagnostics using an on-line OBEM update method

PubMed Central

Liu, Xiaofeng; Xue, Naiyu; Yuan, Ye

2017-01-01

This paper proposed a method to update the on-line health reference baseline of the On-Board Engine Model (OBEM) to maintain the effectiveness of an in-flight aircraft sensor Fault Detection and Isolation (FDI) system, in which a Hybrid Kalman Filter (HKF) was incorporated. Generated from a rapid in-flight engine degradation, a large health condition mismatch between the engine and the OBEM can corrupt the performance of the FDI. Therefore, it is necessary to update the OBEM online when a rapid degradation occurs, but the FDI system will lose estimation accuracy if the estimation and update are running simultaneously. To solve this problem, the health reference baseline for a nonlinear OBEM was updated using the proposed channel controller method. Simulations based on the turbojet engine Linear-Parameter Varying (LPV) model demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed FDI system in the presence of substantial degradation, and the channel controller can ensure that the update process finishes without interference from a single sensor fault. PMID:28182692

Product definition data interface

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Birchfield, B.; Downey, P.

1984-01-01

The development and application of advanced Computer Aided Design/Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology in aerospace industry is discussed. New CAD/CAM capabilities provide the engineer and production worker with tools to produce better products and significantly improve productivity. This technology is expanding in all phases of engineering and manufacturing with large potential for improvements in productivity. The integration of CAD and CAM systematically to insure maximum utility throughout the U.S. Aerospace Industry, its large community of supporting suppliers, and the Department of Defense aircraft overhaul and repair facilities is outlined. The need for a framework for exchange of digital product definition data, which serves the function of the conventional engineering drawing is emphasized.

40 CFR 52.1100 - Original identification of plan section.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Department of Health and Mental Hygiene on March 30, 1987, consisting of amendments to the Good Engineering... definition for the term web printing; and renumbering of all definitions. (11) Amendments to COMAR 26.11.19...

23 CFR 940.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE AND STANDARDS § 940.3 Definitions. Intelligent Transportation System (ITS... projects or groups of projects. Systems engineering is a structured process for arriving at a final design...

23 CFR 940.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE AND STANDARDS § 940.3 Definitions. Intelligent Transportation System (ITS... projects or groups of projects. Systems engineering is a structured process for arriving at a final design...

23 CFR 940.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE AND STANDARDS § 940.3 Definitions. Intelligent Transportation System (ITS... projects or groups of projects. Systems engineering is a structured process for arriving at a final design...

An Interactive Simulator-Based Pedagogical (ISP) Approach for Teaching Microcontrollers in Engineering Programs

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tang, Shensheng

2014-01-01

Microcontrollers is a required course in most Electrical, Computer, and Mechanic Engineering (Technology) programs at U.S. universities. Most engineering courses (e.g., microcontrollers), by nature, introduce abstract concepts, definitions, and models, and use primarily lectures and readings (words, symbols) to transmit information. This…

Holistic Engineering

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Grasso, Domenico; Martinelli, David

2007-01-01

In this article, the authors discuss how to prepare high-quality engineers who are better equipped to serve in the changing global marketplace, and suggest educators in pursuing the holistic concept of the "unity of knowledge" that will yield a definition of engineering more fitting for the times ahead. The unity of knowledge is fundamentally…

26 CFR 1.924(a)-1T - Temporary regulations; definition of foreign trading gross receipts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

...) Engineering and architectural services—(1) In general. Foreign trading gross receipts of a FSC include gross receipts from engineering services (as described in paragraph (e)(5) of this section) or architectural... without the United States. (2) Services included. Engineering and architectural services include...

26 CFR 1.924(a)-1T - Temporary regulations; definition of foreign trading gross receipts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

...) Engineering and architectural services—(1) In general. Foreign trading gross receipts of a FSC include gross receipts from engineering services (as described in paragraph (e)(5) of this section) or architectural... without the United States. (2) Services included. Engineering and architectural services include...

26 CFR 1.924(a)-1T - Temporary regulations; definition of foreign trading gross receipts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

...) Engineering and architectural services—(1) In general. Foreign trading gross receipts of a FSC include gross receipts from engineering services (as described in paragraph (e)(5) of this section) or architectural... without the United States. (2) Services included. Engineering and architectural services include...

26 CFR 1.924(a)-1T - Temporary regulations; definition of foreign trading gross receipts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

...) Engineering and architectural services—(1) In general. Foreign trading gross receipts of a FSC include gross receipts from engineering services (as described in paragraph (e)(5) of this section) or architectural... without the United States. (2) Services included. Engineering and architectural services include...

40 CFR 89.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... secondarily for operation in water. Auxiliary emission control device (AECD) means any element of design that... design which controls or reduces the emission of substances from an engine. Engine, as used in this part... testing, to translation of designs from the test stage to the production stage, or to engine manufacture...

40 CFR 89.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... secondarily for operation in water. Auxiliary emission control device (AECD) means any element of design that... design which controls or reduces the emission of substances from an engine. Engine, as used in this part... testing, to translation of designs from the test stage to the production stage, or to engine manufacture...

40 CFR 89.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... secondarily for operation in water. Auxiliary emission control device (AECD) means any element of design that... design which controls or reduces the emission of substances from an engine. Engine, as used in this part... testing, to translation of designs from the test stage to the production stage, or to engine manufacture...

40 CFR 86.084-2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES General Provisions for Emission Regulations for 1977 and Later Model Year New Light-Duty Vehicles, Light-Duty Trucks and Heavy-Duty Engines, and for... light-duty trucks, the engine speed with the transmission in neutral or with the clutch disengaged and...

40 CFR 86.084-2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES General Provisions for Emission Regulations for 1977 and Later Model Year New Light-Duty Vehicles, Light-Duty Trucks and Heavy-Duty Engines, and for... light-duty trucks, the engine speed with the transmission in neutral or with the clutch disengaged and...

40 CFR 86.084-2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES General Provisions for Emission Regulations for 1977 and Later Model Year New Light-Duty Vehicles, Light-Duty Trucks and Heavy-Duty Engines, and for... light-duty trucks, the engine speed with the transmission in neutral or with the clutch disengaged and...

40 CFR 86.084-2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES General Provisions for Emission Regulations for 1977 and Later Model Year New Light-Duty Vehicles, Light-Duty Trucks and Heavy-Duty Engines, and for... light-duty trucks, the engine speed with the transmission in neutral or with the clutch disengaged and...

40 CFR 86.084-2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES General Provisions for Emission Regulations for 1977 and Later Model Year New Light-Duty Vehicles, Light-Duty Trucks and Heavy-Duty Engines, and for... light-duty trucks, the engine speed with the transmission in neutral or with the clutch disengaged and...

40 CFR 86.001-2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... use of 10 years or 110,000 miles, whichever occurs first. (4) For a diesel heavy-duty engine family: (i) For light heavy-duty diesel engines, for hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, and particulate standards... diesel engines, for the oxides of nitrogen standard, a period of use of 10 years or 110,000 miles...

40 CFR 86.098-2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... use of 10 years or 110,000 miles, whichever occurs first. (4) For a diesel heavy-duty engine family: (i) For light heavy-duty diesel engines, for hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, and particulate standards... diesel engines, for the oxides of nitrogen standard, a period of use of 10 years or 110,000 miles...

30 CFR 7.96 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... diesel engine with an intake system, exhaust system, and a safety shutdown system installed. Dry exhaust.... A system connected to the outlet of the diesel engine which includes, but is not limited to, the... constructed that flame or sparks from the diesel engine cannot propagate an explosion of a flammable mixture...

40 CFR 86.098-2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... use of 10 years or 110,000 miles, whichever occurs first. (4) For a diesel heavy-duty engine family: (i) For light heavy-duty diesel engines, for hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, and particulate standards... diesel engines, for the oxides of nitrogen standard, a period of use of 10 years or 110,000 miles...

40 CFR 86.001-2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... use of 10 years or 110,000 miles, whichever occurs first. (4) For a diesel heavy-duty engine family: (i) For light heavy-duty diesel engines, for hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, and particulate standards... diesel engines, for the oxides of nitrogen standard, a period of use of 10 years or 110,000 miles...

40 CFR 86.098-2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... use of 10 years or 110,000 miles, whichever occurs first. (4) For a diesel heavy-duty engine family: (i) For light heavy-duty diesel engines, for hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, and particulate standards... diesel engines, for the oxides of nitrogen standard, a period of use of 10 years or 110,000 miles...

40 CFR 86.001-2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... use of 10 years or 110,000 miles, whichever occurs first. (4) For a diesel heavy-duty engine family: (i) For light heavy-duty diesel engines, for hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, and particulate standards... diesel engines, for the oxides of nitrogen standard, a period of use of 10 years or 110,000 miles...

30 CFR 7.96 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... diesel engine with an intake system, exhaust system, and a safety shutdown system installed. Dry exhaust.... A system connected to the outlet of the diesel engine which includes, but is not limited to, the... constructed that flame or sparks from the diesel engine cannot propagate an explosion of a flammable mixture...

A Study of the Relationship Between the Practice of Civil Engineering and Student Courses: Volume 1.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bull, A. J. U.; Richardson, E.

Australian civil engineers were surveyed for a study intended to establish a model for development based on a list of the basic stock of knowledge and techniques that need to be mastered by the graduate civil engineer. Following a brief introduction and summary, chapters 3-7 review the survey objectives, civil engineering definitions and…

24 CFR 3280.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... engineering or architecture in a state and subject to all laws and limitations imposed by the state's Board of Engineering and Architecture Examiners and who is engaged in the professional practice of rendering service or...

24 CFR 3280.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... engineering or architecture in a state and subject to all laws and limitations imposed by the state's Board of Engineering and Architecture Examiners and who is engaged in the professional practice of rendering service or...

24 CFR 3280.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... engineering or architecture in a state and subject to all laws and limitations imposed by the state's Board of Engineering and Architecture Examiners and who is engaged in the professional practice of rendering service or...

40 CFR 87.82 - Sampling and analytical procedures for measuring smoke exhaust emissions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) Definitions. Test Procedures for Engine Smoke Emissions (Aircraft Gas Turbine Engines) § 87.82 Sampling and analytical procedures for measuring smoke exhaust...

40 CFR 87.11 - Standard for fuel venting emissions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) Definitions. Engine Fuel Venting Emissions (New and In-Use Aircraft Gas Turbine... into the atmosphere from any new or in-use aircraft gas turbine engine subject to the subpart. This...

40 CFR 63.6675 - What definitions apply to this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... nitrogen oxides (NOX) control device for rich burn engines that, in a two-step reaction, promotes the... reciprocating internal combustion engine which uses reciprocating motion to convert heat energy into mechanical...

Samarium Cobalt (SmCo) Generator/Engine Integration Study

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-04-01

110o1110 (Cole Ms -W~ Daiwa. to* J11 tuo.in Wfi wee -004"ni Aircraft Generator/starter Samarium Cobalt Turbine Engine , Feasibility Secondary Power...integration into the main rotor system of typical aircraft gas turbine engines . A major objective is the definition of the engine interface for such... Engine The F404 is a low bypass, augmented turbofan Pngine developed for application in advanced fighter aircraft (F-18). This type of engine benefits most

Definition study of a Variable Cycle Experimental Engine (VCEE) and associated test program and test plan

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Allan, R. D.

1978-01-01

The Definition Study of a Variable Cycle Experimental Engine (VCEE) and Associated Test Program and Test Plan, was initiated to identify the most cost effective program for a follow-on to the AST Test Bed Program. The VCEE Study defined various subscale VCE's based on different available core engine components, and a full scale VCEE utilizing current technology. The cycles were selected, preliminary design accomplished and program plans and engineering costs developed for several program options. In addition to the VCEE program plans and options, a limited effort was applied to identifying programs that could logically be accomplished on the AST Test Bed Program VCE to extend the usefulness of this test hardware. Component programs were provided that could be accomplished prior to the start of a VCEE program.

Implementation of a Goal-Based Systems Engineering Process Using the Systems Modeling Language (SysML)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Patterson, Jonathan D.; Breckenridge, Jonathan T.; Johnson, Stephen B.

2013-01-01

Building upon the purpose, theoretical approach, and use of a Goal-Function Tree (GFT) being presented by Dr. Stephen B. Johnson, described in a related Infotech 2013 ISHM abstract titled "Goal-Function Tree Modeling for Systems Engineering and Fault Management", this paper will describe the core framework used to implement the GFTbased systems engineering process using the Systems Modeling Language (SysML). These two papers are ideally accepted and presented together in the same Infotech session. Statement of problem: SysML, as a tool, is currently not capable of implementing the theoretical approach described within the "Goal-Function Tree Modeling for Systems Engineering and Fault Management" paper cited above. More generally, SysML's current capabilities to model functional decompositions in the rigorous manner required in the GFT approach are limited. The GFT is a new Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) approach to the development of goals and requirements, functions, and its linkage to design. As a growing standard for systems engineering, it is important to develop methods to implement GFT in SysML. Proposed Method of Solution: Many of the central concepts of the SysML language are needed to implement a GFT for large complex systems. In the implementation of those central concepts, the following will be described in detail: changes to the nominal SysML process, model view definitions and examples, diagram definitions and examples, and detailed SysML construct and stereotype definitions.

System Study: Technology Assessment and Prioritizing Update

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2008-01-01

For the Intelligent Engine System (Propulsion 21) study, each technology was evaluated to determine the impact to fuel burn, acoustics, and NOx emissions. The optimum combination of technologies and their overall benefits to the system were also evaluated, resulting in noise improvement potential of 1.89 EPNdB cumulative margin,-1.34 percent fuel burn, and 50 percent NOx reduction from the 2015 UEET-QAT baseline. All the technology evaluations, except T18-20D, were based on newengines, where the engine was resized to obtain the maximum system benefit while maintaining the same cycle parameters as the 2015 UEET-QAT baseline. The impact of turbine clearance control on deteriorated engines, T18-20D, was also evaluated. Recommendations for future system study work include, but were not limited to, validation of a university-developed engine deterioration model and customer value analysis as figures of merit beside fuel burn, emissions, and acoustics.

The Term Risk: Etymology, Legal Definition and Various Traits

PubMed Central

Liuzzo, Gaetano; Bentley, Stefano; Giacometti, Federica; Bonfante, Elena

2014-01-01

The etymology of the term risk and its legal qualification and definitions are reported in this article; decription of the various traits of the term risk used in food safety management (acceptable risk, current risk, emerging risk, crude risk, unrestricted risk, perceived risk, real risk, residual risk, reduced risk, baseline risk, serious risk, major technological risk, etc.) are presented and discussed. PMID:27800325

Vers l'elimination des dessins d'ingenierie des processus de modification d'ingenierie en aeronautique

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Quintana, Virgilio

For many years, 3D models and 2D drawings have been the main basic elements that together form and carry a product's definition throughout its lifecycle. With the advent of the Digital Product Definition trend, the Aerospace and Automotive industries have been very interested in adopting a Model-based Definition (MBD) approach that promises reduced time-to-market and improved product quality. Its main purpose is to improve and accelerate the design, manufacturing and inspection processes by integrating drawing annotations directly onto a 3D model, thereby minimizing the need to generate engineering drawings. Even though CAD tools and international standards support the MBD concept, its implementation throughout the whole product lifecycle has not yet been fully adopted; traditional engineering drawings still play an essential part in the capture and distribution of non-geometric data (tolerances, notes, etc.), in the long-term storage of product definitions, as well as in the management of engineering changes. This is especially so within the Engineering Change Management (ECM) process, which involves the study, review, annotation, validation, approval and release of engineering drawings. The exploration of alternatives to reengineer the ECM process in the absence of drawings is therefore a necessary step before the MBD approach can be broadly accepted. The objective of this research project was to propose a solution to conduct the ECM process in a drawing-less environment and to quantify its potential gains. Two Canadian aerospace companies participated in this project. First, the main barriers to be overcome in order to fully implement the MBD initiative were identified. Our observations were based on forty-one interviews conducted within the Engineering, Drafting, Configuration Management, Airworthiness, Certification, Manufacturing, Inspection and Knowledge Management departments from the two participating companies. The results indicated that there is a need to define how the Product Definition will be carried in this drawing-less environment while supporting all of the downstream users' specific requirements. Next, a solution to conduct an MBD-driven Engineering Change Management Process (ECM) was developed and evaluated based on the process requirements from both companies. The solution consists of the definition of a dataset composed of the MBD model (generated by the CAD system) and a lightweight distribution file (generated and exploited by the visualization application). The ECM process was then reengineered to support its execution when working with MBD datasets. Finally, the gains from administering the MBD-driven ECM process were determined using empirical and experimental data within a discrete-event simulation approach. Based on a case study conducted in a Canadian aerospace company, our results show that a reduction of about 11% can be achieved in both the average overall processing time and in the average cost.

Test Your Knowledge of Internet Vocabulary.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bigham, Vicki Smith

1998-01-01

Answers common questions about the Internet, i.e., what it is, its components, and the definitions of its various features. Questions include what Web pages and browsers are, and the definitions of URLs, ISPs, home pages, search engines, and hyperlinks. (GR)

76 FR 12825 - List of Approved Spent Fuel Storage Casks: NUHOMS® HD System Revision 1; Confirmation of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-09

... definitions for Damaged Fuel Assembly and Transfer Operations; add definitions for Fuel Class and Reconstituted Fuel Assembly; add Combustion Engineering 16x16 class fuel assemblies as authorized contents...

Advanced solar receivers for space power

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Strumpf, H. J.; Coombs, M. G.; Lacy, D. E.

1988-01-01

A study has been conducted to generate and evaluate advanced solar heat receiver concepts suitable for orbital application with Brayton and Stirling engine cycles in the 7-kW size range. The generated receiver designs have thermal storage capability and, when implemented, will be lighter, smaller, and/or more efficient than baseline systems such as the configuration used for the Brayton solar receiver under development by Garrett AiResearch for the NASA Space Station. In addition to the baseline designs, four other receiver concepts were designed and evaluated with respect to Brayton and Stirling engines. These concepts include a higher temperature version of the baseline receiver, a packed bed receiver, a plate-fin receiver, and a heat pipe receiver. The thermal storage for all designs is provided by the melting and freezing of a salt.

Endocrine determinants of incident sarcopenia in middle-aged and elderly European men.

PubMed

Gielen, Evelien; O'Neill, Terence W; Pye, Stephen R; Adams, Judith E; Wu, Frederick C; Laurent, Michaël R; Claessens, Frank; Ward, Kate A; Boonen, Steven; Bouillon, Roger; Vanderschueren, Dirk; Verschueren, Sabine

2015-09-01

In men, the long-term consequences of low serum levels of sex steroids, vitamin D metabolites, and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) on the evolution of muscle mass, muscle strength, or physical performance are unclear. Moreover, there are no data about the relationship between these hormones and incident sarcopenia defined as low muscle mass and function. The aim of this study was to determine whether the baseline levels of sex hormones, vitamin D metabolites, and IGF-1 predict changes in muscle mass, muscle strength, physical performance, and incident sarcopenia. In 518 men aged 40-79 years, recruited for participation in the European Male Ageing Study, total, free, and bioavailable testosterone (T), oestradiol (E), sex hormone-binding globulin, IGF-1, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D), and parathyroid hormone were assessed at baseline. Appendicular lean mass (aLM), gait speed, and grip strength were measured at baseline and after a mean follow-up of 4.3 years. Sarcopenia was defined by the definition of Baumgartner (relative aLM ≤7.26 kg/m(2)), the International Working Group on Sarcopenia (IWGS), and the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP). aLM significantly decreased from age 50 years, while gait speed and grip strength significantly decreased from age 70 years. The incidence of sarcopenia by the definitions of Baumgartner, IWGS, and EWGSOP was 8.1%, 3.0%, and 1.6%, respectively. After adjustment for age, centre, body mass index, smoking, and number of comorbidities at baseline, baseline levels of T and vitamin D metabolites were not associated with change in aLM, gait speed, and/or grip strength, while a high baseline level of total E2 was associated with a greater decrease in aLM. In men aged ≥70 years, low IGF-1 was associated with a greater decrease in gait speed. Baseline endocrine variables were not independently associated with an increased risk of incident sarcopenia by any definition. Low levels of T and 25OHD do not predict loss of muscle mass, gait speed, or grip strength in middle-aged and elderly community-dwelling European men. Low IGF-1 predicts change in gait speed in men aged ≥70 years.

Endocrine determinants of incident sarcopenia in middle-aged and elderly European men

PubMed Central

Gielen, Evelien; O'Neill, Terence W; Pye, Stephen R; Adams, Judith E; Wu, Frederick C; Laurent, Michaël R; Claessens, Frank; Ward, Kate A; Boonen, Steven; Bouillon, Roger; Vanderschueren, Dirk; Verschueren, Sabine

2015-01-01

Background In men, the long-term consequences of low serum levels of sex steroids, vitamin D metabolites, and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) on the evolution of muscle mass, muscle strength, or physical performance are unclear. Moreover, there are no data about the relationship between these hormones and incident sarcopenia defined as low muscle mass and function. The aim of this study was to determine whether the baseline levels of sex hormones, vitamin D metabolites, and IGF-1 predict changes in muscle mass, muscle strength, physical performance, and incident sarcopenia. Methods In 518 men aged 40–79 years, recruited for participation in the European Male Ageing Study, total, free, and bioavailable testosterone (T), oestradiol (E), sex hormone-binding globulin, IGF-1, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D), and parathyroid hormone were assessed at baseline. Appendicular lean mass (aLM), gait speed, and grip strength were measured at baseline and after a mean follow-up of 4.3 years. Sarcopenia was defined by the definition of Baumgartner (relative aLM ≤7.26 kg/m2), the International Working Group on Sarcopenia (IWGS), and the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP). Results aLM significantly decreased from age 50 years, while gait speed and grip strength significantly decreased from age 70 years. The incidence of sarcopenia by the definitions of Baumgartner, IWGS, and EWGSOP was 8.1%, 3.0%, and 1.6%, respectively. After adjustment for age, centre, body mass index, smoking, and number of comorbidities at baseline, baseline levels of T and vitamin D metabolites were not associated with change in aLM, gait speed, and/or grip strength, while a high baseline level of total E2 was associated with a greater decrease in aLM. In men aged ≥70 years, low IGF-1 was associated with a greater decrease in gait speed. Baseline endocrine variables were not independently associated with an increased risk of incident sarcopenia by any definition. Conclusions Low levels of T and 25OHD do not predict loss of muscle mass, gait speed, or grip strength in middle-aged and elderly community-dwelling European men. Low IGF-1 predicts change in gait speed in men aged ≥70 years. PMID:26401471

48 CFR 1402.170 - Acronyms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... AND TERMS Definitions 1402.170 Acronyms. A&EArchitect & Engineering ACMISAcquisition Career Management... CORContracting Officer's Representative COTRContracting Officer's Technical Representative DISPDefense Industrial... TFMTreasury Financial Manual U.S.C.United States Code VECPValue Engineering Change Proposal [75 FR 19829, Apr...

26 CFR 1.971-1 - Definitions with respect to export trade corporations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

..., industrial, financial, technical, scientific, managerial, engineering, architectural, skilled, or other..., industrial, financial, technical, scientific, managerial, engineering, architectural, skilled, or other... performance for any person of commercial, industrial, financial, technical, scientific, managerial...

48 CFR 1402.170 - Acronyms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... AND TERMS Definitions 1402.170 Acronyms. A&EArchitect & Engineering ACMISAcquisition Career Management... CORContracting Officer's Representative COTRContracting Officer's Technical Representative DISPDefense Industrial... TFMTreasury Financial Manual U.S.C.United States Code VECPValue Engineering Change Proposal [75 FR 19829, Apr...

26 CFR 1.971-1 - Definitions with respect to export trade corporations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

..., industrial, financial, technical, scientific, managerial, engineering, architectural, skilled, or other..., industrial, financial, technical, scientific, managerial, engineering, architectural, skilled, or other... performance for any person of commercial, industrial, financial, technical, scientific, managerial...

48 CFR 1402.170 - Acronyms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... AND TERMS Definitions 1402.170 Acronyms. A&EArchitect & Engineering ACMISAcquisition Career Management... CORContracting Officer's Representative COTRContracting Officer's Technical Representative DISPDefense Industrial... TFMTreasury Financial Manual U.S.C.United States Code VECPValue Engineering Change Proposal [75 FR 19829, Apr...

48 CFR 1402.170 - Acronyms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... AND TERMS Definitions 1402.170 Acronyms. A&EArchitect & Engineering ACMISAcquisition Career Management... CORContracting Officer's Representative COTRContracting Officer's Technical Representative DISPDefense Industrial... TFMTreasury Financial Manual U.S.C.United States Code VECPValue Engineering Change Proposal [75 FR 19829, Apr...

Software Engineering Laboratory (SEL) data base reporting software user's guide and system description. Volume 2: Program descriptions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1983-01-01

The structure and functions of each reporting software program for the Software Engineering Laboratory data base are described. Baseline diagrams, module descriptions, and listings of program generation files are included.

Rocketdyne RBCC Engine Concept Development

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ratckin, G.; Goldman, A.; Ortwerth, P.; Weisberg, S.

1999-01-01

Boeing Rocketdyne is pursuing the development of Rocket Based Combined Cycle (RBCC), propulsion systems as demonstrated by significant contract work in the hypersonic arena (ART, NASP, SCT, system studies) and over 12 years of steady company discretionary investment. The Rocketdyne concept is a fixed geometry integrated rocket, ramjet, scramjet which is hydrogen fueled and uses hydrogen regenerative cooling. The baseline engine structural configuration uses an integral structure that eliminates panel seals. seal purge gas, and closeout side attachments. Rocketdyne's experimental RBCC engine (Engine A5) was constructed under contract with the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center. Engine A5 models the complete flight engine flowpath consisting of an inlet, isolator, airbreathing combustor and nozzle. High performance rocket thrusters are integrated into the engine to enable both air-augmented rocket (AAR) and pure rocket operation. Engine A5 was tested in CASL's new FAST facility as an air-augmented rocket, a ramjet and a pure rocket. Measured performance demonstrated vision vehicle performance levels for Mach 3 AAR operation and ramjet operation from Mach 3 to 4. Rocket mode performance was above predictions. For the first time. testing also demonstrated transition from AAR operation to ramjet operation. This baseline configuration has also been shown, in previous testing, to perform well in the scramjet mode.

Variable Cycle Engine Technology Program Planning and Definition Study

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Westmoreland, J. S.; Stern, A. M.

1978-01-01

The variable stream control engine, VSCE-502B, was selected as the base engine, with the inverted flow engine concept selected as a backup. Critical component technologies were identified, and technology programs were formulated. Several engine configurations were defined on a preliminary basis to serve as demonstration vehicles for the various technologies. The different configurations present compromises in cost, technical risk, and technology return. Plans for possible variably cycle engine technology programs were formulated by synthesizing the technology requirements with the different demonstrator configurations.

High-speed engine/component performance assessment using exergy and thrust-based methods

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Riggins, D. W.

1996-01-01

This investigation summarizes a comparative study of two high-speed engine performance assessment techniques based on energy (available work) and thrust-potential (thrust availability). Simple flow-fields utilizing Rayleigh heat addition and one-dimensional flow with friction are used to demonstrate the fundamental inability of conventional energy techniques to predict engine component performance, aid in component design, or accurately assess flow losses. The use of the thrust-based method on these same examples demonstrates its ability to yield useful information in all these categories. Energy and thrust are related and discussed from the stand-point of their fundamental thermodynamic and fluid dynamic definitions in order to explain the differences in information obtained using the two methods. The conventional definition of energy is shown to include work which is inherently unavailable to an aerospace Brayton engine. An engine-based energy is then developed which accurately accounts for this inherently unavailable work; performance parameters based on this quantity are then shown to yield design and loss information equivalent to the thrust-based method.

Study of solid rocket motor for space shuttle booster, volume 2, book 1

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1972-01-01

The technical requirements for the solid propellant rocket engine to be used with the space shuttle orbiter are presented. The subjects discussed are: (1) propulsion system definition, (2) solid rocket engine stage design, (3) solid rocket engine stage recovery, (4) environmental effects, (5) manrating of the solid rocket engine stage, (6) system safety analysis, and (7) ground support equipment.

40 CFR 87.21 - Standards for exhaust emissions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... (CONTINUED) Definitions. Exhaust Emissions (New Aircraft Gas Turbine Engines) § 87.21 Standards for exhaust... each new aircraft gas turbine engine of class T8 manufactured on or after February 1, 1974, shall not exceed: Smoke number of 30. (b) Exhaust emissions of smoke from each new aircraft gas turbine engine of...

40 CFR 87.23 - Exhaust emission standards for Tier 6 and Tier 8 engines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Exhaust emission standards for Tier 6 and Tier 8 engines. 87.23 Section 87.23 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) Definitions. Exhaust Emissions (New Aircraft Gas Turbine Engines) § 87...

40 CFR 87.31 - Standards for exhaust emissions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... (CONTINUED) Definitions. Exhaust Emissions (In-Use Aircraft Gas Turbine Engines) § 87.31 Standards for exhaust emissions. (a) Exhaust emissions of smoke from each in-use aircraft gas turbine engine of Class T8... in-use aircraft gas turbine engine of class TF and of rated output of 129 kilonewtons thrust or...

IDEF3 Formalization Report

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-10-01

SUBJECT TERMS 15. NUMBER OF PAGES engineering management information systems method formalization 60 information engineering process modeling 16 PRICE...CODE information systems requirements definition methods knowlede acquisition methods systems engineering 17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION ji. SECURITY... Management , Inc., Santa Monica, California. CORYNEN, G. C., 1975, A Mathematical Theory of Modeling and Simula- tion. Ph.D. Dissertation, Department

40 CFR 86.093-2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... a passenger-carrying vehicle powered by a heavy heavy-duty diesel engine, or of a type normally powered by a heavy heavy-duty diesel engine, with a load capacity of fifteen or more passengers and... urban buses is the same as the useful life for other heavy heavy-duty diesel engines. [58 FR 15795, Mar...

40 CFR 86.091-2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... urban buses is the same as the useful life for other heavy heavy-duty diesel engines. [55 FR 30619, July... EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES General Provisions for Emission Regulations for 1977 and Later Model Year New Light-Duty Vehicles, Light-Duty Trucks and Heavy-Duty Engines, and for...

40 CFR 86.093-2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... a passenger-carrying vehicle powered by a heavy heavy-duty diesel engine, or of a type normally powered by a heavy heavy-duty diesel engine, with a load capacity of fifteen or more passengers and... urban buses is the same as the useful life for other heavy heavy-duty diesel engines. [58 FR 15795, Mar...

40 CFR 86.091-2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... urban buses is the same as the useful life for other heavy heavy-duty diesel engines. [55 FR 30619, July... EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES General Provisions for Emission Regulations for 1977 and Later Model Year New Light-Duty Vehicles, Light-Duty Trucks and Heavy-Duty Engines, and for...

40 CFR 86.093-2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... a passenger-carrying vehicle powered by a heavy heavy-duty diesel engine, or of a type normally powered by a heavy heavy-duty diesel engine, with a load capacity of fifteen or more passengers and... urban buses is the same as the useful life for other heavy heavy-duty diesel engines. [58 FR 15795, Mar...

40 CFR 86.091-2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... urban buses is the same as the useful life for other heavy heavy-duty diesel engines. [55 FR 30619, July... EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES General Provisions for Emission Regulations for 1977 and Later Model Year New Light-Duty Vehicles, Light-Duty Trucks and Heavy-Duty Engines, and for...

IUS/TUG orbital operations and mission support study. Volume 2: Interim upper stage operations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1975-01-01

Background data and study results are presented for the interim upper stage (IUS) operations phase of the IUS/tug orbital operations study. The study was conducted to develop IUS operational concepts and an IUS baseline operations plan, and to provide cost estimates for IUS operations. The approach used was to compile and evaluate baseline concepts, definitions, and system, and to use that data as a basis for the IUS operations phase definition, analysis, and costing analysis. Both expendable and reusable IUS configurations were analyzed and two autonomy levels were specified for each configuration. Topics discussed include on-orbit operations and interfaces with the orbiter, the tracking and data relay satellites and ground station support capability analysis, and flight control center sizing to support the IUS operations.

Effects of Tadalafil Once-Daily or On-Demand vs Placebo on Return to Baseline Erectile Function After Bilateral Nerve-Sparing Radical Prostatectomy--Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial (REACTT).

PubMed

Mulhall, John P; Brock, Gerald; Oelke, Matthias; Fode, Mikkel; Probst, Kai A; Henneges, Carsten; d'Anzeo, Gianluca; Rossi, Andrea; Büttner, Hartwig

2016-04-01

The multicenter, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled REACTT trial suggested that treatment with tadalafil once daily (OaD) started early after bilateral nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy (nsRP) for prostate cancer may contribute to erectile function (EF)-recovery, which was predefined as achieving an International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF)-EF score ≥22. Here, we report descriptive post-hoc analyses, using the more strict definition for EF-recovery of returning back to the pre-surgery IIEF-EF-level ("back-to-baseline analysis"). REACTT included 422 men <68 years with adenocarcinoma of the prostate and preoperative IIEF-EF ≥22 who underwent nsRP at 50 centers from 9 European countries and Canada. Patients were randomized post-nsRP 1:1:1 to 9-month double-blind treatment (DBT) with tadalafil 5 mg OaD (n = 139), tadalafil 20 mg on-demand (pro-re-nata, PRN; n = 142), or placebo (n = 141), followed by 6-week drug-free washout (DFW) and 3-month open-label tadalafil OaD treatment (OLT). Proportion of patients returning to their preoperative IIEF-EF category (22-25 or ≥26) at the end of DBT, DFW, and OLT. Overall, 92.4% of patients had pre-surgery (baseline) IIEF-EF scores ≥26 (tadalafil OaD 94.2%, PRN 91.6%, placebo 91.5%), 7.4% had IIEF-EF 22-25. At the end of DBT, 22.3% of patients on tadalafil OaD had achieved "back-to-baseline" IIEF-EF, compared with 11.3% on tadalafil PRN and 7.8% on placebo. Of all 58 patients "back-to-baseline" at the end of DBT, only 1 PRN-group patient had started from a baseline IIEF-EF <26. The treatment-group difference at the end of DBT was not maintained after DFW. After 3 months of OLT with tadalafil OaD, the proportion of patients with "back-to-baseline" IIEF-EF had almost doubled in all 3 groups. Changing the definition for EF-recovery from IIEF-EF ≥22 to the more strict definition of "returning back-to-baseline IIEF-EF" had no major impact. Tadalafil OaD started early after nsRP improved drug-assisted EF, but had no effect on unassisted EF following treatment cessation after 9 months. Copyright © 2016 International Society for Sexual Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

5 CFR 410.101 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Definitions. 410.101 Section 410.101 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS TRAINING General Provisions... organizational needs in response to human resource plans and re-engineering, downsizing, restructuring, and/or...

5 CFR 410.101 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Definitions. 410.101 Section 410.101 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS TRAINING General Provisions... organizational needs in response to human resource plans and re-engineering, downsizing, restructuring, and/or...

5 CFR 410.101 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Definitions. 410.101 Section 410.101 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS TRAINING General Provisions... organizational needs in response to human resource plans and re-engineering, downsizing, restructuring, and/or...

5 CFR 410.101 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Definitions. 410.101 Section 410.101 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS TRAINING General Provisions... organizational needs in response to human resource plans and re-engineering, downsizing, restructuring, and/or...

Extending the Operational Envelope of a Turbofan Engine Simulation into the Sub-Idle Region

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chapman, Jeffryes W.; Hamley, Andrew J.; Guo, Ten-Huei; Litt, Jonathan S.

2016-01-01

In many non-linear gas turbine simulations, operation in the sub-idle region can lead to model instability. This paper lays out a method for extending the operational envelope of a map based gas turbine simulation to include the sub-idle region. This method develops a multi-simulation solution where the baseline component maps are extrapolated below the idle level and an alternate model is developed to serve as a safety net when the baseline model becomes unstable or unreliable. Sub-idle model development takes place in two distinct operational areas, windmilling/shutdown and purge/cranking/ startup. These models are based on derived steady state operating points with transient values extrapolated between initial (known) and final (assumed) states. Model transitioning logic is developed to predict baseline model sub-idle instability, and transition smoothly and stably to the backup sub-idle model. Results from the simulation show a realistic approximation of sub-idle behavior as compared to generic sub-idle engine performance that allows the engine to operate continuously and stably from shutdown to full power.

Extending the Operational Envelope of a Turbofan Engine Simulation into the Sub-Idle Region

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chapman, Jeffryes Walter; Hamley, Andrew J.; Guo, Ten-Huei; Litt, Jonathan S.

2016-01-01

In many non-linear gas turbine simulations, operation in the sub-idle region can lead to model instability. This paper lays out a method for extending the operational envelope of a map based gas turbine simulation to include the sub-idle region. This method develops a multi-simulation solution where the baseline component maps are extrapolated below the idle level and an alternate model is developed to serve as a safety net when the baseline model becomes unstable or unreliable. Sub-idle model development takes place in two distinct operational areas, windmilling/shutdown and purge/cranking/startup. These models are based on derived steady state operating points with transient values extrapolated between initial (known) and final (assumed) states. Model transitioning logic is developed to predict baseline model sub-idle instability, and transition smoothly and stably to the backup sub-idle model. Results from the simulation show a realistic approximation of sub-idle behavior as compared to generic sub-idle engine performance that allows the engine to operate continuously and stably from shutdown to full power.

Study of solid rocket motors for a space shuttle booster. Volume 1: Executive summary

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1972-01-01

The design, development, production, and launch support analysis for determining the solid propellant rocket engine to be used with the space shuttle are discussed. Specific program objectives considered were: (1) definition of engine designs to satisfy the performance and configuration requirements of the various vehicle/booster concepts, (2) definition of requirements to produce booster stages at rates of 60, 40, 20, and 10 launches per year in a man-rated system, and (3) estimation of costs for the defined SRM booster stages.

Overview of Aerothermodynamic Loads Definition Study

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Povinelli, L. A.

1985-01-01

The Aerothermodynamic Loads Definition were studied to develop methods to more accurately predict the operating environment in the space shuttle main engine (SSME) components. Development of steady and time-dependent, three-dimensional viscous computer codes and experimental verification and engine diagnostic testing are considered. The steady, nonsteady, and transient operating loads are defined to accurately predict powerhead life. Improvements in the structural durability of the SSME turbine drive systems depends on the knowledge of the aerothermodynamic behavior of the flow through the preburner, turbine, turnaround duct, gas manifold, and injector post regions.

Biofabrication: reappraising the definition of an evolving field.

PubMed

Groll, Jürgen; Boland, Thomas; Blunk, Torsten; Burdick, Jason A; Cho, Dong-Woo; Dalton, Paul D; Derby, Brian; Forgacs, Gabor; Li, Qing; Mironov, Vladimir A; Moroni, Lorenzo; Nakamura, Makoto; Shu, Wenmiao; Takeuchi, Shoji; Vozzi, Giovanni; Woodfield, Tim B F; Xu, Tao; Yoo, James J; Malda, Jos

2016-01-08

Biofabrication is an evolving research field that has recently received significant attention. In particular, the adoption of Biofabrication concepts within the field of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine has grown tremendously, and has been accompanied by a growing inconsistency in terminology. This article aims at clarifying the position of Biofabrication as a research field with a special focus on its relation to and application for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. Within this context, we propose a refined working definition of Biofabrication, including Bioprinting and Bioassembly as complementary strategies within Biofabrication.

Effects of strain rate, mixing ratio, and stress-strain definition on the mechanical behavior of the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) material as related to its biological applications.

PubMed

Khanafer, Khalil; Duprey, Ambroise; Schlicht, Marty; Berguer, Ramon

2009-04-01

Tensile tests on Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) materials were conducted to illustrate the effects of mixing ratio, definition of the stress-strain curve, and the strain rate on the elastic modulus and stress-strain curve. PDMS specimens were prepared according to the ASTM standards for elastic materials. Our results indicate that the physiological elastic modulus depends strongly on the definition of the stress-strain curve, mixing ratio, and the strain rate. For various mixing ratios and strain rates, true stress-strain definition results in higher stress and elastic modulus compared with engineering stress-strain and true stress-engineering strain definitions. The elastic modulus increases as the mixing ratio increases up-to 9:1 ratio after which the elastic modulus begins to decrease even as the mixing ratio continues to increase. The results presented in this study will be helpful to assist the design of in vitro experiments to mimic blood flow in arteries and to understand the complex interaction between blood flow and the walls of arteries using PDMS elastomer.

40 CFR 1045.125 - What maintenance instructions must I give to buyers?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... (CONTINUED) AIR POLLUTION CONTROLS CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM SPARK-IGNITION PROPULSION MARINE ENGINES AND... applicable dates shown in paragraph (5) of the definition of new propulsion marine engine in § 1045.801. (2...

40 CFR 1045.125 - What maintenance instructions must I give to buyers?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... (CONTINUED) AIR POLLUTION CONTROLS CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM SPARK-IGNITION PROPULSION MARINE ENGINES AND... applicable dates shown in paragraph (5) of the definition of new propulsion marine engine in § 1045.801. (2...

40 CFR 1045.125 - What maintenance instructions must I give to buyers?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... (CONTINUED) AIR POLLUTION CONTROLS CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM SPARK-IGNITION PROPULSION MARINE ENGINES AND... applicable dates shown in paragraph (5) of the definition of new propulsion marine engine in § 1045.801. (2...

40 CFR 1045.125 - What maintenance instructions must I give to buyers?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... (CONTINUED) AIR POLLUTION CONTROLS CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM SPARK-IGNITION PROPULSION MARINE ENGINES AND... applicable dates shown in paragraph (5) of the definition of new propulsion marine engine in § 1045.801. (2...

49 CFR 523.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

..., shoulder room, and leg room dimensions determined in accordance with the procedures outlined in Society of... Engineering Committee, Society of Automotive Engineers, approved September 1973 and last revised September... secondary vehicle manufacturers. Incomplete vehicles include cab-complete vehicles. Innovative technology...

24 CFR 3286.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... otherwise, corporations, companies, associations, firms, partnerships, societies, and joint stock companies... creative work requiring education, training, and experience in architecture or engineering sciences and the application of special knowledge of the mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences in such professional...

24 CFR 3286.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... otherwise, corporations, companies, associations, firms, partnerships, societies, and joint stock companies... creative work requiring education, training, and experience in architecture or engineering sciences and the application of special knowledge of the mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences in such professional...

24 CFR 3286.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... otherwise, corporations, companies, associations, firms, partnerships, societies, and joint stock companies... creative work requiring education, training, and experience in architecture or engineering sciences and the application of special knowledge of the mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences in such professional...

24 CFR 3286.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... otherwise, corporations, companies, associations, firms, partnerships, societies, and joint stock companies... creative work requiring education, training, and experience in architecture or engineering sciences and the application of special knowledge of the mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences in such professional...

Quiet Clean Short-haul Experimental Engine (QCSEE) Under-The-Wing (UTW) engine composite nacelle test report. Volume 1: Summary, aerodynamic and mechanical performance

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1979-01-01

The performance test results of the final under-the-wing engine configuration are presented. One hundred and six hours of engine operation were completed, including mechanical and performance checkout, baseline acoustic testing with a bellmouth inlet, reverse thrust testing, acoustic technology tests, and limited controls testing. The engine includes a variable pitch fan having advanced composite fan blades and using a ball-spline pitch actuation system.

New opportunities for future small civil turbine engines: Overviewing the GATE studies

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Strack, W. C.

1979-01-01

An overview of four independent studies forecasts the potential impact of advanced technology turbine engines in the post 1988 market, identifies important aircraft and missions, desirable engine sizes, engine performance, and cost goals. Parametric evaluations of various engine cycles, configurations, design features, and advanced technology elements defined baseline conceptual engines for each of the important missions identified by the market analysis. Both fixed-wing and helicopter aircraft, and turboshaft, turboprop, and turbofan engines were considered. Sizable performance gains (e.g., 20% SFC decrease), and large engine cost reductions of sufficient magnitude are predicted to challenge the reciprocating engine in the 300-500 SHP class.

Engine system assessment study using Martian propellants

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pelaccio, Dennis; Jacobs, Mark; Scheil, Christine; Collins, John

1992-01-01

A top-level feasibility study was conducted that identified and characterized promising chemical propulsion system designs which use two or more of the following propellant combinations: LOX/H2, LOX/CH4, and LOX/CO. The engine systems examined emphasized the usage of common subsystem/component hardware where possible. In support of this study, numerous mission scenarios were characterized that used various combinations of Earth, lunar, and Mars propellants to establish engine system requirements to assess the promising engine system design concept examined, and to determine overall exploration leverage of such systems compared to state-of-the-art cryogenic (LOX/H2) propulsion systems. Initially in the study, critical propulsion system technologies were assessed. Candidate expander and gas generator cycle LOX/H2/CO, LOX/H2/CH4, and LOX/CO/CH4 engine system designs were parametrically evaluated. From this evaluation baseline, tripropellant Mars Transfer Vehicle (MTV) LOX cooled and bipropellant Lunar Excursion Vehicle (LEV) and Mars Excursion Vehicle (MEV) engine systems were identified. Representative tankage designs for a MTV were also investigated. Re-evaluation of the missions using the baseline engine design showed that in general the slightly lower performance, smaller, lower weight gas generator cycle-based engines required less overall mission Mars and in situ propellant production (ISPP) infrastructure support compared to the larger, heavier, higher performing expander cycle engine systems.

Modern Cast Irons in Chemical Engineering

DTIC Science & Technology

1934-11-09

fl’ceew. T I SOCIETY OF CHEMICAL INDUSTRY CHEMICAL ENGINEERING GROUP MODERN CAST IRONS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING By J. G. PEARCE, M.Sc., F.Inst.P...CAST IRONS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING By J. G. PEARCE, M.Sc., F.Inst.P., M.I.E.E.* INTRODUCTION to chemical or thermal resistance. Small blow-holes Any...consideration of modern cast irons in chemical seldom appear to reduce the mechanical strength of engineering should strictly be prefaced by a definition

Wave Engine Topping Cycle Assessment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Welch, Gerard E.

1996-01-01

The performance benefits derived by topping a gas turbine engine with a wave engine are assessed. The wave engine is a wave rotor that produces shaft power by exploiting gas dynamic energy exchange and flow turning. The wave engine is added to the baseline turboshaft engine while keeping high-pressure-turbine inlet conditions, compressor pressure ratio, engine mass flow rate, and cooling flow fractions fixed. Related work has focused on topping with pressure-exchangers (i.e., wave rotors that provide pressure gain with zero net shaft power output); however, more energy can be added to a wave-engine-topped cycle leading to greater engine specific-power-enhancement The energy addition occurs at a lower pressure in the wave-engine-topped cycle; thus the specific-fuel-consumption-enhancement effected by ideal wave engine topping is slightly lower than that effected by ideal pressure-exchanger topping. At a component level, however, flow turning affords the wave engine a degree-of-freedom relative to the pressure-exchanger that enables a more efficient match with the baseline engine. In some cases, therefore, the SFC-enhancement by wave engine topping is greater than that by pressure-exchanger topping. An ideal wave-rotor-characteristic is used to identify key wave engine design parameters and to contrast the wave engine and pressure-exchanger topping approaches. An aerodynamic design procedure is described in which wave engine design-point performance levels are computed using a one-dimensional wave rotor model. Wave engines using various wave cycles are considered including two-port cycles with on-rotor combustion (valved-combustors) and reverse-flow and through-flow four-port cycles with heat addition in conventional burners. A through-flow wave cycle design with symmetric blading is used to assess engine performance benefits. The wave-engine-topped turboshaft engine produces 16% more power than does a pressure-exchanger-topped engine under the specified topping constraints. Positive and negative aspects of wave engine topping in gas turbine engines are identified.

Road map to adaptive optimal control. [jet engine control

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Boyer, R.

1980-01-01

A building block control structure leading toward adaptive, optimal control for jet engines is developed. This approach simplifies the addition of new features and allows for easier checkout of the control by providing a baseline system for comparison. Also, it is possible to eliminate certain features that do not have payoff by being selective in the addition of new building blocks to be added to the baseline system. The minimum risk approach specifically addresses the need for active identification of the plant to be controlled in real time and real time optimization of the control for the identified plant.

16 CFR 1407.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... GENERATORS: REQUIREMENTS TO PROVIDE PERFORMANCE AND TECHNICAL DATA BY LABELING § 1407.2 Definitions. (a) The... portable generator is an internal combustion engine-driven electric generator rated no higher than 15..., and may have alternating- or direct-current (DC) sections for supplying energy to battery charging...

A Generic Structural Integrity Assurance Technology Program for the Army

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-11-01

and Pressure Vessel Code , American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1986. DEFINITIONS AND ACRONYMS Definitions A-Basis: At least 99 percent of the...Aluminum Bridge and Other Highway Structures, 1976. Aluminum Association Specifications for Aluminum Structures, Third Edition, 1976. ASME ASME Boiler

14 CFR 1259.101 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... definitions shall apply: (a) Field related to space means any academic discipline or field of study (including the physical, natural and biological sciences, and engineering, space technology, education, economics... activities in the fields related to space: (i) Research; (ii) Training; or (iii) Advisory services. (j) Space...

40 CFR 90.502 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Definitions. 90.502 Section 90.502 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NONROAD SPARK-IGNITION ENGINES AT OR BELOW 19 KILOWATTS Selective Enforcement Auditing § 90...

40 CFR 89.502 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Definitions. 89.502 Section 89.502 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE NONROAD COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES Selective Enforcement Auditing § 89.502...

76 FR 74749 - Critical Parts for Airplane Propellers

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-01

... manufacturer, and establish engineering, manufacture, and maintenance processes for those parts. The intended... a specific definition for a propeller critical part, or-- [rtarr9] Require type certificate holders..., however, has regulations that identify a specific definition for propeller critical part, and regulations...

14 CFR 1259.101 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... definitions shall apply: (a) Field related to space means any academic discipline or field of study (including the physical, natural and biological sciences, and engineering, space technology, education, economics...) Institution of higher education means any college or university in any State which: (1) Admits as regular...

Toward Robust Climate Baselining: Objective Assessment of Climate Change Using Widely Distributed Miniaturized Sensors for Accurate World-Wide Geophysical Measurements

DOE R&D Accomplishments Database

Teller, E.; Leith, C.; Canavan, G.; Marion, J.; Wood, L.

2001-11-13

A gap-free, world-wide, ocean-, atmosphere-, and land surface-spanning geophysical data-set of three decades time-duration containing the full set of geophysical parameters characterizing global weather is the scientific perquisite for defining the climate; the generally-accepted definition in the meteorological community is that climate is the 30-year running-average of weather. Until such a tridecadal climate baseline exists, climate change discussions inevitably will have a semi-speculative, vs. a purely scientific, character, as the baseline against which changes are referenced will at least somewhat uncertain.

30 CFR 62.101 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) or licensed by a state board of examiners. Baseline... network and a slow response, expressed in the unit dBA. Standard threshold shift. A change in hearing...

30 CFR 62.101 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) or licensed by a state board of examiners. Baseline... network and a slow response, expressed in the unit dBA. Standard threshold shift. A change in hearing...

Definition of the Mathematical Model Coefficients on the Weld Size of Butt Joint Without Edge Preparation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sidorov, Vladimir P.; Melzitdinova, Anna V.

2017-10-01

This paper represents the definition methods for thermal constants according to the data of the weld width under the normal-circular heat source. The method is based on isoline contouring of “effective power - temperature conductivity coefficient”. The definition of coefficients provides setting requirements to the precision of welding parameters support with the enough accuracy for an engineering practice.

VCE testbed program planning and definition study

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Westmoreland, J. S.; Godston, J.

1978-01-01

The flight definition of the Variable Stream Control Engine (VSCE) was updated to reflect design improvements in the two key components: (1) the low emissions duct burner, and (2) the coannular exhaust nozzle. The testbed design was defined and plans for the overall program were formulated. The effect of these improvements was evaluated for performance, emissions, noise, weight, and length. For experimental large scale testing of the duct burner and coannular nozzle, a design definition of the VCE testbed configuration was made. This included selecting the core engine, determining instrumentation requirements, and selecting the test facilities, in addition to defining control system and assembly requirements. Plans for a comprehensive test program to demonstrate the duct burner and nozzle technologies were formulated. The plans include both aeroacoustic and emissions testing.

Industrial biosystems engineering and biorefinery systems.

PubMed

Chen, Shulin

2008-06-01

The concept of Industrial Biosystems Engineering (IBsE) was suggested as a new engineering branch to be developed for meeting the needs for science, technology and professionals by the upcoming bioeconomy. With emphasis on systems, IBsE builds upon the interfaces between systems biology, bioprocessing, and systems engineering. This paper discussed the background, the suggested definition, the theoretical framework and methodologies of this new discipline as well as its challenges and future development.

Engineering students at typically invisible transition points: A focus on admissions and the sophomore year

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Holloway, Elizabeth M.

As of 2012, women are approximately 19% of all engineering undergraduate students nationally (American Society for Engineering Education, 2012). Women's representation in engineering has not changed significantly over the last 20 years, despite increased attention, increased funding, and increased programmatic activities intended to encourage more women to become engineers. Research around the world continues to seek identification of the reasons for the underrepresentation of women in engineering. This prior work has focused primarily on two broad areas: recruiting, that is, preparation, socialization, exposure, and experiences prior to college; and retention, that is, experiences in higher education. Retention studies and programmatic responses to those studies mostly have been confined to the collegiate first year, a time of historically high attrition. Little attention has been paid to the university admissions process, one of the gateways to engineering studies. Little attention also has been paid to the experiences of college sophomores, whose attrition rates approach those of first-year college students. The first section of this dissertation presents a statistical analysis that indicated a bias in favor of men in the admission process. Success factor modeling suggested a different set of admission criteria could mitigate this bias. After recommendations to change admission criteria were implemented, the percent of female enrollment in engineering increased and statistical analysis confirmed that bias was substantially neutralized. The second section of this dissertation presents three frameworks for understanding how sophomores may be defined. The processes of conceptualizing and operationalizing what it means to be a sophomore impact the types of issues that can be investigated about student attrition, the findings that result from those investigations, and the ability to make cross institutional or programmatic comparisons using a clearly stated definition. Three definitions for classifying a sophomore--cohort, credits, and curriculum--are presented. The implications of each are discussed relative to the overall population but also specifically to women. All three retention methodologies were based on continued enrollment, with results disaggregated by gender. When analyzing retention data, the definition of a sophomore is an important choice as different definitions may or seem to provide different results. The cohort framework, for example, showed a higher percentage of students retained to their second year than to their third year. In contrast, a credit framework showed a higher percentage of students moving to a junior classification than to a sophomore classification. Because the literature review indicates that very little work has been done specifically on the sophomore engineer and most discussions about the sophomore year do not clearly state which sophomore framework is being applied to the research, this portion of the dissertation is a much needed step in clarifying the underlying bases whereby claims about retention are made. The third section of this dissertation is a study of sophomores' experiences in the engineering disciplines using the cohort definition of a sophomore. The cohort definition is used in this section to focus on the socio-cultural aspects of the second year in college. With a historical emphasis on and increasing positive results of increasing first-year retention, attention is now turning to the sophomore year. Understanding sophomore students' experiences in engineering may assist in developing strategies to reduce attrition and may assist in managing the culture in such a way that makes it more attractive to women and others who are underrepresented. The Sophomore Experiences Survey (Schreiner, 2010) was administered at one institution to the sophomore engineering cohort. Statistical comparisons of results between engineers and sophomores nationally showed more areas of similarity than differences, although the differences indicated that engineering sophomores were less engaged in their learning and less engaged with faculty and advisors. Sophomore engineering women were much more likely than men to be involved in engineering peer mentoring or leadership programs. Multiple regression analysis indicated that the most significant predictor of student satisfaction was satisfaction with peers on campus. The most significant predictor of intention to persist and intention to graduate was surety of major choice. However, there were differences in the most significant predictors when looking at men and women separately. Predictors of success outcomes for engineering sophomores point to the interconnectedness of experiences with faculty, advisors, and peers with individual student traits, characteristics, and preferences, with individual aspects acting as mediating and moderating factors. The overarching results of this research project offer frameworks through which change in the engineering education process can lead to greater participation by women in the engineering field, and increased retention rates for all engineering students.

24 CFR 3280.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... facilities for living, sleeping, cooking and eating. Equipment includes materials, appliances, devices... Engineering and Architecture Examiners and who is engaged in the professional practice of rendering service or... special knowledge of the mathematical, physical and engineering sciences in such professional or creative...