Sample records for enhanced driver vision

  1. Driver's Enhanced Vision System (DEVS)

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    1996-12-23

    This advisory circular (AC) contains performance standards, specifications, and : recommendations for Drivers Enhanced Vision sSystem (DEVS). The FAA recommends : the use of the guidance in this publication for the design and installation of : DEVS e...

  2. Driving and Low Vision: An Evidence-Based Review of Rehabilitation

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Strong, J. Graham; Jutai, Jeffrey W.; Russell-Minda, Elizabeth; Evans, Mal

    2008-01-01

    This systematic review of the effectiveness of driver rehabilitation interventions found that driver training programs enhance driving skills and awareness, but further research is needed to determine their effectiveness in improving driving performance of drivers with low vision. More research is also needed to determine the effectiveness of low…

  3. Analysis of Risk Compensation Behavior on Night Vision Enhancement System

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hiraoka, Toshihiro; Masui, Junya; Nishikawa, Seimei

    Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) such as a forward obstacle collision warning system (FOCWS) and a night vision enhancement system (NVES) aim to decrease driver's mental workload and enhance vehicle safety by provision of useful information to support driver's perception process and judgment process. On the other hand, the risk homeostasis theory (RHT) cautions that an enhanced safety and a reduced risk would cause a risk compensation behavior such as increasing the vehicle velocity. Therefore, the present paper performed the driving simulator experiments to discuss dependence on the NVES and emergence of the risk compensation behavior. Moreover, we verified the side-effects of spontaneous behavioral adaptation derived from the presentation of the fuel-consumption meter on the risk compensation behavior.

  4. Multispectral image-fused head-tracked vision system (HTVS) for driving applications

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Reese, Colin E.; Bender, Edward J.

    2001-08-01

    Current military thermal driver vision systems consist of a single Long Wave Infrared (LWIR) sensor mounted on a manually operated gimbal, which is normally locked forward during driving. The sensor video imagery is presented on a large area flat panel display for direct view. The Night Vision and Electronics Sensors Directorate and Kaiser Electronics are cooperatively working to develop a driver's Head Tracked Vision System (HTVS) which directs dual waveband sensors in a more natural head-slewed imaging mode. The HTVS consists of LWIR and image intensified sensors, a high-speed gimbal, a head mounted display, and a head tracker. The first prototype systems have been delivered and have undergone preliminary field trials to characterize the operational benefits of a head tracked sensor system for tactical military ground applications. This investigation will address the advantages of head tracked vs. fixed sensor systems regarding peripheral sightings of threats, road hazards, and nearby vehicles. An additional thrust will investigate the degree to which additive (A+B) fusion of LWIR and image intensified sensors enhances overall driving performance. Typically, LWIR sensors are better for detecting threats, while image intensified sensors provide more natural scene cues, such as shadows and texture. This investigation will examine the degree to which the fusion of these two sensors enhances the driver's overall situational awareness.

  5. Driver Vision Based Perception-Response Time Prediction and Assistance Model on Mountain Highway Curve.

    PubMed

    Li, Yi; Chen, Yuren

    2016-12-30

    To make driving assistance system more humanized, this study focused on the prediction and assistance of drivers' perception-response time on mountain highway curves. Field tests were conducted to collect real-time driving data and driver vision information. A driver-vision lane model quantified curve elements in drivers' vision. A multinomial log-linear model was established to predict perception-response time with traffic/road environment information, driver-vision lane model, and mechanical status (last second). A corresponding assistance model showed a positive impact on drivers' perception-response times on mountain highway curves. Model results revealed that the driver-vision lane model and visual elements did have important influence on drivers' perception-response time. Compared with roadside passive road safety infrastructure, proper visual geometry design, timely visual guidance, and visual information integrality of a curve are significant factors for drivers' perception-response time.

  6. Is More Better? - Night Vision Enhancement System's Pedestrian Warning Modes and Older Drivers.

    PubMed

    Brown, Timothy; He, Yefei; Roe, Cheryl; Schnell, Thomas

    2010-01-01

    Pedestrian fatalities as a result of vehicle collisions are much more likely to happen at night than during day time. Poor visibility due to darkness is believed to be one of the causes for the higher vehicle collision rate at night. Existing studies have shown that night vision enhancement systems (NVES) may improve recognition distance, but may increase drivers' workload. The use of automatic warnings (AW) may help minimize workload, improve performance, and increase safety. In this study, we used a driving simulator to examine performance differences of a NVES with six different configurations of warning cues, including: visual, auditory, tactile, auditory and visual, tactile and visual, and no warning. Older drivers between the ages of 65 and 74 participated in the study. An analysis based on the distance to pedestrian threat at the onset of braking response revealed that tactile and auditory warnings performed the best, while visual warnings performed the worst. When tactile or auditory warnings were presented in combination with visual warning, their effectiveness decreased. This result demonstrated that, contrary to general sense regarding warning systems, multi-modal warnings involving visual cues degraded the effectiveness of NVES for older drivers.

  7. GPS Usage in a Population of Low-Vision Drivers.

    PubMed

    Cucuras, Maria; Chun, Robert; Lee, Patrick; Jay, Walter M; Pusateri, Gregg

    2017-01-01

    We surveyed bioptic and non-bioptic low-vision drivers in Illinois, USA, to determine their usage of global positioning system (GPS) devices. Low-vision patients completed an IRB-approved phone survey regarding driving demographics and usage of GPS while driving. Participants were required to be active drivers with an Illinois driver's license, and met one of the following criteria: best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) less than or equal to 20/40, central or significant peripheral visual field defects, or a combination of both. Of 27 low-vision drivers, 10 (37%) used GPS while driving. The average age for GPS users was 54.3 and for non-users was 77.6. All 10 drivers who used GPS while driving reported increased comfort or safety level. Since non-GPS users were significantly older than GPS users, it is likely that older participants would benefit from GPS technology training from their low-vision eye care professionals.

  8. Is More Better? — Night Vision Enhancement System’s Pedestrian Warning Modes and Older Drivers

    PubMed Central

    Brown, Timothy; He, Yefei; Roe, Cheryl; Schnell, Thomas

    2010-01-01

    Pedestrian fatalities as a result of vehicle collisions are much more likely to happen at night than during day time. Poor visibility due to darkness is believed to be one of the causes for the higher vehicle collision rate at night. Existing studies have shown that night vision enhancement systems (NVES) may improve recognition distance, but may increase drivers’ workload. The use of automatic warnings (AW) may help minimize workload, improve performance, and increase safety. In this study, we used a driving simulator to examine performance differences of a NVES with six different configurations of warning cues, including: visual, auditory, tactile, auditory and visual, tactile and visual, and no warning. Older drivers between the ages of 65 and 74 participated in the study. An analysis based on the distance to pedestrian threat at the onset of braking response revealed that tactile and auditory warnings performed the best, while visual warnings performed the worst. When tactile or auditory warnings were presented in combination with visual warning, their effectiveness decreased. This result demonstrated that, contrary to general sense regarding warning systems, multi-modal warnings involving visual cues degraded the effectiveness of NVES for older drivers. PMID:21050616

  9. 78 FR 51268 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-08-20

    ...-24015; FMCSA-2011-0024; FMCSA-2011-0102] Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision AGENCY... for comments. SUMMARY: FMCSA announces its decision to renew the exemptions from the vision... to exempt individuals from the vision requirement if the exemptions granted will not compromise...

  10. 77 FR 64582 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-10-22

    ...] Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision AGENCY: Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration... decision to renew the exemptions from the vision requirement in the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations for 17 individuals. FMCSA has statutory authority to exempt individuals from the vision...

  11. 76 FR 70210 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-11-10

    ...] Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision AGENCY: Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration... decision to renew the exemptions from the vision requirement in the Federal Motor Carrier Safety... vision requirement if the exemptions granted will not compromise safety. The Agency has concluded that...

  12. 76 FR 44652 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-07-26

    ...] Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision AGENCY: Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration... decision to renew the exemptions from the vision requirement in the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations for 26 individuals. FMCSA has statutory authority to exempt individuals from the vision...

  13. 77 FR 52388 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-08-29

    ...-0231; FMCSA-2010-0082; FMCSA-2010-0114] Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision AGENCY... for comments. SUMMARY: FMCSA announces its decision to renew the exemptions from the vision... to exempt individuals from the vision requirement if the exemptions granted will not compromise...

  14. 76 FR 44653 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-07-26

    ...-9258; FMCSA-2005-21254; FMCSA-2009-0121] Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision...; request for comments. SUMMARY: FMCSA announces its decision to renew the exemptions from the vision... to exempt individuals from the vision requirement if the exemptions granted will not compromise...

  15. 76 FR 9865 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-02-22

    ...-7006; FMCSA-2006-25246; FMCSA-2006-26066] Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision...; request for comments. SUMMARY: FMCSA announces its decision to renew the exemptions from the vision... to exempt individuals from the vision requirement if the exemptions granted will not compromise...

  16. Improvement of Hungarian Joint Terminal Attack Program

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2013-06-13

    LST Laser Spot Tracker NVG Night Vision Goggle ROMAD Radio Operator Maintainer and Driver ROVER Remotely Operated Video Enhanced Receiver TACP...visual target designation. The other component consists of a laser spot tracker (LST), which identifies targets by tracking laser energy reflecting...capability for every type of night time missions, laser spot tracker for laser spot search missions, remotely operated video enhanced receiver

  17. 75 FR 25917 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-05-10

    ...-0082] Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision AGENCY: Federal Motor Carrier Safety... announces receipt of applications from 22 individuals for exemption from the vision requirement in the... vision standard. DATES: Comments must be received on or before June 9, 2010. ADDRESSES: You may submit...

  18. 78 FR 74223 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-12-10

    ...-0298] Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision AGENCY: Federal Motor Carrier Safety... announces its decision to renew the exemptions from the vision requirement in the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations for 3 individuals. FMCSA has statutory authority to exempt individuals from the vision...

  19. 76 FR 9859 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-02-22

    ...-7363; FMCSA-2002-13411] Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision AGENCY: Federal Motor.... SUMMARY: FMCSA announces its decision to renew the exemptions from the vision requirement in the Federal... from the vision requirement if the exemptions granted will not compromise safety. The Agency has...

  20. 77 FR 23799 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-04-20

    ...-0040] Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision AGENCY: Federal Motor Carrier Safety... announces receipt of applications from 10 individuals for exemption from the vision requirement in the... vision requirement. DATES: Comments must be received on or before May 21, 2012. ADDRESSES: You may submit...

  1. 76 FR 70213 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-11-10

    ...-0298] Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision AGENCY: Federal Motor Carrier Safety... announces receipt of applications from 7 individuals for exemption from the vision requirement in the... vision requirement. DATES: Comments must be received on or before December 12, 2011. ADDRESSES: You may...

  2. 75 FR 54958 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-09-09

    ...-0201] Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision AGENCY: Federal Motor Carrier Safety... announces receipt of applications from 15 individuals for exemption from the vision requirement in the... vision standard. DATES: Comments must be received on or before October 12, 2010. ADDRESSES: You may...

  3. 78 FR 78475 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-12-26

    ...-2005-22727] Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision AGENCY: Federal Motor Carrier.... SUMMARY: FMCSA announces its decision to renew the exemptions from the vision requirement in the Federal... from the vision requirement if the exemptions granted will not compromise safety. The Agency has...

  4. 75 FR 60862 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Renewals; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-10-01

    ...-2006-24015; FMCA- 2008-0106; FMCSA-2008-0174] Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Renewals; Vision.... SUMMARY: FMCSA previously announced its decision to renew the exemptions from the vision requirement in... exempt individuals from the vision requirement if the exemptions granted will not compromise safety. The...

  5. 75 FR 39725 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-07-12

    ...-0161] Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision AGENCY: Federal Motor Carrier Safety... announces receipt of applications from 17 individuals for exemption from the vision requirement in the... vision standard. DATES: Comments must be received on or before August 11, 2010. ADDRESSES: You may submit...

  6. 76 FR 17481 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-03-29

    ...-0024] Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision AGENCY: Federal Motor Carrier Safety... announces receipt of applications from 16 individuals for exemption from the vision requirement in the... vision standard. DATES: Comments must be received on or before April 28, 2011. ADDRESSES: You may submit...

  7. 78 FR 1921 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-01-09

    ...-0039] Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision AGENCY: Federal Motor Carrier Safety... announces receipt of applications from 13 individuals for exemption from the vision requirement in the... vision requirement. DATES: Comments must be received on or before February 8, 2013. ADDRESSES: You may...

  8. 78 FR 18667 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-03-27

    ...-2011-0010] Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision AGENCY: Federal Motor Carrier.... SUMMARY: FMCSA announces its decision to renew the exemptions from the vision requirement in the Federal... from the vision requirement if the exemptions granted will not compromise safety. The Agency has...

  9. 78 FR 76394 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-12-17

    ...] Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision AGENCY: Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration... individuals who requested an exemption from the Federal vision standard applicable to interstate truck and bus... vision requirement if the exemptions granted will not compromise safety. The Agency has concluded that...

  10. 78 FR 68137 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-11-13

    ...-2006-26653; FMCSA-2007-27897; FMCSA-2011-0141] Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision...; request for comments. SUMMARY: FMCSA announces its decision to renew the exemptions from the vision... to exempt individuals from the vision requirement if the exemptions granted will not compromise...

  11. 76 FR 9856 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-02-22

    ...-0010] Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision AGENCY: Federal Motor Carrier Safety... announces receipt of applications from 23 individuals for exemption from the vision requirement in the... meeting the Federal vision standard. DATES: Comments must be received on or before March 24, 2011...

  12. 77 FR 23797 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-04-20

    ... Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision AGENCY: Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA), DOT... renew the exemptions from the vision requirement in the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations for 29 individuals. FMCSA has statutory authority to exempt individuals from the vision requirement if the exemptions...

  13. 77 FR 38381 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-06-27

    ...-0160] Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision AGENCY: Federal Motor Carrier Safety... announces receipt of applications from 10 individuals for exemption from the vision requirement in the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations. They are unable to meet the vision requirement in one eye for...

  14. 77 FR 64839 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-10-23

    ...-0280] Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision AGENCY: Federal Motor Carrier Safety... announces receipt of applications from 14 individuals for exemption from the vision requirement in the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations. They are unable to meet the vision requirement in one eye for...

  15. 78 FR 65032 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-10-30

    ...-9258; FMCSA-2011-26690] Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision AGENCY: Federal Motor.... SUMMARY: FMCSA announces its decision to renew the exemptions from the vision requirement in the Federal... from the vision requirement if the exemptions granted will not compromise safety. The Agency has...

  16. 78 FR 47818 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-08-06

    ...-0165] Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision AGENCY: Federal Motor Carrier Safety... announces receipt of applications from 25 individuals for exemption from the vision requirement in the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations. They are unable to meet the vision requirement in one eye for...

  17. 77 FR 7657 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-02-13

    ...-0324] Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision AGENCY: Federal Motor Carrier Safety... announces receipt of applications from 11 individuals for exemption from the vision requirement in the... vision requirement. DATES: Comments must be received on or before March 14, 2012. ADDRESSES: You may...

  18. 78 FR 62935 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-10-22

    ...-0166] Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision AGENCY: Federal Motor Carrier Safety... announces receipt of applications from 26 individuals for exemption from the vision requirement in the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations. They are unable to meet the vision requirement in one eye for...

  19. 78 FR 64271 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-10-28

    ...-0167] Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision AGENCY: Federal Motor Carrier Safety... announces receipt of applications from 24 individuals for exemption from the vision requirement in the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations. They are unable to meet the vision requirement in one eye for...

  20. 77 FR 36336 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-06-18

    ...-0159] Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision AGENCY: Federal Motor Carrier Safety... announces receipt of applications from 10 individuals for exemption from the vision requirement in the... vision requirement. DATES: Comments must be received on or before July 18, 2012. ADDRESSES: You may...

  1. 78 FR 22598 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-04-16

    ...-0026] Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision AGENCY: Federal Motor Carrier Safety... announces receipt of applications from 7 individuals for exemption from the vision requirement in the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations. They are unable to meet the vision requirement in one eye for...

  2. 76 FR 37168 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-06-24

    ...-0121] Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision AGENCY: Federal Motor Carrier Safety... announces its decision to renew the exemptions from the vision requirement in the Federal Motor Carrier... vision requirement if the exemptions granted will not compromise safety. The Agency has concluded that...

  3. 76 FR 37173 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-06-24

    ...-2007-27515; FMCSA- 2008-0398; FMCSA-2009-0086] Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision...; request for comments. SUMMARY: FMCSA announces its decision to renew the exemptions from the vision... to exempt individuals from the vision requirement if the exemptions granted will not compromise...

  4. 76 FR 37169 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-06-24

    ...-0140] Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision AGENCY: Federal Motor Carrier Safety... announces receipt of applications from 17 individuals for exemption from the vision requirement in the... vision standard. DATES: Comments must be received on or before July 25, 2011. ADDRESSES: You may submit...

  5. 76 FR 7894 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-02-11

    ...-0372] Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision AGENCY: Federal Motor Carrier Safety... announces receipt of applications from 19 individuals for exemption from the vision requirement in the... vision standard. DATES: Comments must be received on or before March 14, 2011. ADDRESSES: You may submit...

  6. 78 FR 62938 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-10-22

    ...-0189] Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision AGENCY: Federal Motor Carrier Safety... announces its decision to renew the exemptions from the vision requirement in the Federal Motor Carrier... vision requirement if the exemptions granted will not compromise safety. The Agency has concluded that...

  7. 76 FR 67248 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-10-31

    ...-0276] Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision AGENCY: Federal Motor Carrier Safety... announces receipt of applications from 4 individuals for exemption from the vision requirement in the... vision standard. DATES: Comments must be received on or before November 30, 2011. ADDRESSES: You may...

  8. 78 FR 1919 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-01-09

    ...-0339] Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision AGENCY: Federal Motor Carrier Safety... announces receipt of applications from 14 individuals for exemption from the vision requirement in the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations. They are unable to meet the vision requirement in one eye for...

  9. 78 FR 41188 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-07-09

    ...-0028] Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision AGENCY: Federal Motor Carrier Safety... 25 individuals from the vision requirement in the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations (FMCSRs). They are unable to meet the vision requirement in one eye for various reasons. The exemptions will...

  10. 77 FR 52381 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-08-29

    ...-0215] Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision AGENCY: Federal Motor Carrier Safety... announces receipt of applications from 19 individuals for exemption from the vision requirement in the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations. They are unable to meet the vision requirement in one eye for...

  11. 78 FR 64274 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-10-28

    ...-0169] Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision AGENCY: Federal Motor Carrier Safety... announces receipt of applications from 48 individuals for exemption from the vision requirement in the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations. They are unable to meet the vision requirement in one eye for...

  12. 78 FR 16912 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-03-19

    ...-0024] Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision AGENCY: Federal Motor Carrier Safety... announces receipt of applications from 8 individuals for exemption from the vision requirement in the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations. They are unable to meet the vision requirement in one eye for...

  13. 77 FR 3552 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-01-24

    ...-0365] Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision AGENCY: Federal Motor Carrier Safety... announces receipt of applications from thirteen individuals for exemption from the vision requirement in the... vision requirement. DATES: Comments must be received on or before February 23, 2012. ADDRESSES: You may...

  14. 75 FR 65057 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-10-21

    ...-0327] Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision AGENCY: Federal Motor Carrier Safety... announces receipt of applications from 16 individuals for exemption from the vision requirement in the... vision standard. DATES: Comments must be received on or before November 22, 2010. ADDRESSES: You may...

  15. 77 FR 52389 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-08-29

    ...-2010-0050; FMCSA- 2010-0082] Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision AGENCY: Federal... comments. SUMMARY: FMCSA announces its decision to renew the exemptions from the vision requirement in the... individuals from the vision requirement if the exemptions granted will not compromise safety. The Agency has...

  16. 78 FR 76590 - Physical Qualification of Drivers; Standards; Changes to Vision Exemption Program Criteria

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-12-18

    ... No. FMCSA-2013-0097] Physical Qualification of Drivers; Standards; Changes to Vision Exemption... CMV drivers for duty, the Agency established a number of physical qualifications for drivers under 49... provisions of the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations, including physical qualification standards...

  17. Prioritizing improvements to truck driver vision.

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2006-03-01

    This report presents the results of a three-part study of truck driver exterior vision and its safety consequences. In part one, : crash data are analyzed to document vision-related truck crash issues. About 20% of truck-initiated crashes occur in : ...

  18. Driving Performance among Bioptic Telescope Users with Low Vision Two Years after Obtaining Their Driver's License: A Quasi-Experimental Study

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Vincent, Claude; Lachance, Jean-Paul; Deaudelin, Isabelle

    2012-01-01

    This study sought to compare road safety of new drivers with low vision who have followed a specific pilot bioptic training program with other groups of drivers all matched for age and driving experience. A quasi-experimental design was used two years after drivers obtained their license. Drivers were classified in the experimental group (n = 10,…

  19. Vision and night driving abilities of elderly drivers.

    PubMed

    Gruber, Nicole; Mosimann, Urs P; Müri, René M; Nef, Tobias

    2013-01-01

    In this article, we review the impact of vision on older people's night driving abilities. Driving is the preferred and primary mode of transport for older people. It is a complex activity where intact vision is seminal for road safety. Night driving requires mesopic rather than scotopic vision, because there is always some light available when driving at night. Scotopic refers to night vision, photopic refers to vision under well-lit conditions, and mesopic vision is a combination of photopic and scotopic vision in low but not quite dark lighting situations. With increasing age, mesopic vision decreases and glare sensitivity increases, even in the absence of ocular diseases. Because of the increasing number of elderly drivers, more drivers are affected by night vision difficulties. Vision tests, which accurately predict night driving ability, are therefore of great interest. We reviewed existing literature on age-related influences on vision and vision tests that correlate or predict night driving ability. We identified several studies that investigated the relationship between vision tests and night driving. These studies found correlations between impaired mesopic vision or increased glare sensitivity and impaired night driving, but no correlation was found among other tests; for example, useful field of view or visual field. The correlation between photopic visual acuity, the most commonly used test when assessing elderly drivers, and night driving ability has not yet been fully clarified. Photopic visual acuity alone is not a good predictor of night driving ability. Mesopic visual acuity and glare sensitivity seem relevant for night driving. Due to the small number of studies evaluating predictors for night driving ability, further research is needed.

  20. Visual impairment and road traffic accidents among drivers in Jimma Town, Southwest Ethiopia.

    PubMed

    Biza, Mohamed; Mossie, Andualem; Woldemichael, Kifle; Gelaw, Yeshigeta

    2013-04-01

    Vision play a vital role in driving where good and efficient visual functioning of the driver is essential. Any significant loss of visual function will diminish a driver's ability to operate a motor vehicle safely and will thus contribute to road traffic injury. However, there is little evidence indicating that defects of vision alone cause road traffic accidents. To determine the impact of visual impairment and other factors on road traffic accident among vehicle drivers. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 249 sampled drivers in Southwest Ethiopia. A pretested interviewer led questionnaire was used for interview and vision tests were done using Snellen's acuity chart and Ishihara pseudo-isochromatic plates. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 16.0. The mean age of drivers was 33.6 years (SD +/- 10.3). The relative frequency of self reported road traffic accident was 15.3%. The prevalence of uncorrected binocular visual impairment was 1.6% and there was a significant association between visual impairment and road traffic accident (P < 0.05). Uncorrected refractive error was seen in 7.6% and 8.8% of drivers in the right and left eyes respectively, and 3.2% of them had vision less than what is required to obtain driving license (visual acuity of 6/12). None of the drivers with refractive errors were wearing appropriate corrections. Color vision impairment was seen in 1.6% of the drivers. A significant proportion (9.6%) of the drivers did not have eye exam for their driving license. Uncorrected binocular visual impairment was strongly associated with road traffic accident. There is need for consistent inspection and screening, strict rules and regulations of licensing and health education for drivers to minimize road traffic accident.

  1. Improving Night Time Driving Safety Using Vision-Based Classification Techniques.

    PubMed

    Chien, Jong-Chih; Chen, Yong-Sheng; Lee, Jiann-Der

    2017-09-24

    The risks involved in nighttime driving include drowsy drivers and dangerous vehicles. Prominent among the more dangerous vehicles around at night are the larger vehicles which are usually moving faster at night on a highway. In addition, the risk level of driving around larger vehicles rises significantly when the driver's attention becomes distracted, even for a short period of time. For the purpose of alerting the driver and elevating his or her safety, in this paper we propose two components for any modern vision-based Advanced Drivers Assistance System (ADAS). These two components work separately for the single purpose of alerting the driver in dangerous situations. The purpose of the first component is to ascertain that the driver would be in a sufficiently wakeful state to receive and process warnings; this is the driver drowsiness detection component. The driver drowsiness detection component uses infrared images of the driver to analyze his eyes' movements using a MSR plus a simple heuristic. This component issues alerts to the driver when the driver's eyes show distraction and are closed for a longer than usual duration. Experimental results show that this component can detect closed eyes with an accuracy of 94.26% on average, which is comparable to previous results using more sophisticated methods. The purpose of the second component is to alert the driver when the driver's vehicle is moving around larger vehicles at dusk or night time. The large vehicle detection component accepts images from a regular video driving recorder as input. A bi-level system of classifiers, which included a novel MSR-enhanced KAZE-base Bag-of-Features classifier, is proposed to avoid false negatives. In both components, we propose an improved version of the Multi-Scale Retinex (MSR) algorithm to augment the contrast of the input. Several experiments were performed to test the effects of the MSR and each classifier, and the results are presented in experimental results section of this paper.

  2. Driving and Low Vision: Validity of Assessments for Predicting Performance of Drivers

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Strong, J. Graham; Jutai, Jeffrey W.; Russell-Minda, Elizabeth; Evans, Mal

    2008-01-01

    The authors conducted a systematic review to examine whether vision-related assessments can predict the driving performance of individuals who have low vision. The results indicate that measures of visual field, contrast sensitivity, cognitive and attention-based tests, and driver screening tools have variable utility for predicting real-world…

  3. 75 FR 9486 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Renewals; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-03-02

    ... commercial motor vehicle (CMV) drivers. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Dr. Mary D. Gunnels, Director... Federal vision exemptions for James S. Ayers, Vernon J. Dohrn, Mark A. Massengill, Douglas J. Mauton...

  4. Effects of age and illumination on night driving: a road test.

    PubMed

    Owens, D Alfred; Wood, Joanne M; Owens, Justin M

    2007-12-01

    This study investigated the effects of drivers' age and low light on speed, lane keeping, and visual recognition of typical roadway stimuli. Poor visibility, which is exacerbated by age-related changes in vision, is a leading contributor to fatal nighttime crashes. There is little evidence, however, concerning the extent to which drivers recognize and compensate for their visual limitations at night. Young, middle-aged, and elder participants drove on a closed road course in day and night conditions at a "comfortable" speed without speedometer information. During night tests, headlight intensity was varied over a range of 1.5 log units using neutral density filters. Average speed and recognition of road signs decreased significantly as functions of increased age and reduced illumination. Recognition of pedestrians at night was significantly enhanced by retroreflective markings of limb joints as compared with markings of the torso, and this benefit was greater for middle-aged and elder drivers. Lane keeping showed nonlinear effects of lighting, which interacted with task conditions and drivers' lateral bias, indicating that older drivers drove more cautiously in low light. Consistent with the hypothesis that drivers misjudge their visual abilities at night, participants of all age groups failed to compensate fully for diminished visual recognition abilities in low light, although older drivers behaved more cautiously than the younger groups. These findings highlight the importance of educating all road users about the limitations of night vision and provide new evidence that retroreflective markings of the limbs can be of great benefit to pedestrians' safety at night.

  5. 49 CFR 391.64 - Grandfathering for certain drivers participating in vision and diabetes waiver study programs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Grandfathering for certain drivers participating in vision and diabetes waiver study programs. 391.64 Section 391.64 Transportation Other Regulations... in vision and diabetes waiver study programs. (a) The provisions of § 391.41(b)(3) do not apply to a...

  6. 49 CFR 391.64 - Grandfathering for certain drivers participating in vision and diabetes waiver study programs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Grandfathering for certain drivers participating in vision and diabetes waiver study programs. 391.64 Section 391.64 Transportation Other Regulations... in vision and diabetes waiver study programs. (a) The provisions of § 391.41(b)(3) do not apply to a...

  7. Equal Protection, the ADA, and Driving with Low Vision: A Legal Analysis

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Marta, Mary R.; Geruschat, Duane

    2004-01-01

    This article describes federal and state laws that affect the opportunity of people with low vision to drive and to obtain driver's licenses. Discrimination against individuals with low vision is discussed in the context of equal protection and the Americans with Disabilities Act. A review of relevant case law and implications for drivers with low…

  8. A roadmap for interpreting the literature on vision and driving.

    PubMed

    Owsley, Cynthia; Wood, Joanne M; McGwin, Gerald

    2015-01-01

    Over the past several decades there has been a sharp increase in the number of studies focused on the relationship between vision and driving. The intensified attention to this topic has most likely been stimulated by the lack of an evidence basis for determining vision standards for driving licensure and a poor understanding about how vision impairment impacts driver safety and performance. Clinicians depend on the literature on vision and driving to advise visually impaired patients appropriately about driving fitness. Policy makers also depend on the scientific literature in order to develop guidelines that are evidence-based and are thus fair to persons who are visually impaired. Thus it is important for clinicians and policy makers alike to understand how various study designs and measurement methods should be interpreted so that the conclusions and recommendations they make are not overly broad, too narrowly constrained, or even misguided. We offer a methodological framework to guide interpretations of studies on vision and driving that can also serve as a heuristic for researchers in the area. Here, we discuss research designs and general measurement methods for the study of vision as they relate to driver safety, driver performance, and driver-centered (self-reported) outcomes. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  9. The influence of stimulants, sedatives, and fatigue on tunnel vision: risk factors for driving and piloting.

    PubMed

    Mills, K C; Spruill, S E; Kanne, R W; Parkman, K M; Zhang, Y

    2001-01-01

    A computerized task was used in two studies to examine the influence of stimulants, sedatives, and fatigue on single-target and divided-attention responses in different parts of the visual field. The drug effects were evaluated over time with repeated behavioral and subjective measures against ascending and descending drug levels. In the first study, 18 fully rested participants received placebo, alprazolam (0.5 mg), and dextroamphetamine (10 mg). Alprazolam impairs performance, whereas dextroamphetamine induces enhancement and tunnel vision. Study 2 exposed 32 participants to fatigue and no fatigue with a repeated-measures crossover design. Four independent groups subsequently received placebo, dextroamphetamine (10 mg), caffeine (250 mg), or alcohol (.07%). Under fatigue, stimulants have no performance-enhancing effects, whereas impairment from alcohol is severe. Under no fatigue, alcohol has a modest effect, caffeine has no effect, and dextroamphetamine significantly enhances divided-attention performance coincident with tunnel vision. Participants rate all drug effects more stimulating and less sedating while fatigued. Implications for transportation safety are discussed. Actual or potential applications of this research include driver and pilot training.

  10. Night vision: changing the way we drive

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Klapper, Stuart H.; Kyle, Robert J. S.; Nicklin, Robert L.; Kormos, Alexander L.

    2001-03-01

    A revolutionary new Night Vision System has been designed to help drivers see well beyond their headlights. From luxury automobiles to heavy trucks, Night Vision is helping drivers see better, see further, and react sooner. This paper describes how Night Vision Systems are being used in transportation and their viability for the future. It describes recent improvements to the system currently in the second year of production. It also addresses consumer education and awareness, cost reduction, product reliability, market expansion and future improvements.

  11. Improving Night Time Driving Safety Using Vision-Based Classification Techniques

    PubMed Central

    Chien, Jong-Chih; Chen, Yong-Sheng; Lee, Jiann-Der

    2017-01-01

    The risks involved in nighttime driving include drowsy drivers and dangerous vehicles. Prominent among the more dangerous vehicles around at night are the larger vehicles which are usually moving faster at night on a highway. In addition, the risk level of driving around larger vehicles rises significantly when the driver’s attention becomes distracted, even for a short period of time. For the purpose of alerting the driver and elevating his or her safety, in this paper we propose two components for any modern vision-based Advanced Drivers Assistance System (ADAS). These two components work separately for the single purpose of alerting the driver in dangerous situations. The purpose of the first component is to ascertain that the driver would be in a sufficiently wakeful state to receive and process warnings; this is the driver drowsiness detection component. The driver drowsiness detection component uses infrared images of the driver to analyze his eyes’ movements using a MSR plus a simple heuristic. This component issues alerts to the driver when the driver’s eyes show distraction and are closed for a longer than usual duration. Experimental results show that this component can detect closed eyes with an accuracy of 94.26% on average, which is comparable to previous results using more sophisticated methods. The purpose of the second component is to alert the driver when the driver’s vehicle is moving around larger vehicles at dusk or night time. The large vehicle detection component accepts images from a regular video driving recorder as input. A bi-level system of classifiers, which included a novel MSR-enhanced KAZE-base Bag-of-Features classifier, is proposed to avoid false negatives. In both components, we propose an improved version of the Multi-Scale Retinex (MSR) algorithm to augment the contrast of the input. Several experiments were performed to test the effects of the MSR and each classifier, and the results are presented in experimental results section of this paper. PMID:28946643

  12. Development of a volumetric projection technique for the digital evaluation of field of view.

    PubMed

    Marshall, Russell; Summerskill, Stephen; Cook, Sharon

    2013-01-01

    Current regulations for field of view requirements in road vehicles are defined by 2D areas projected on the ground plane. This paper discusses the development of a new software-based volumetric field of view projection tool and its implementation within an existing digital human modelling system. In addition, the exploitation of this new tool is highlighted through its use in a UK Department for Transport funded research project exploring the current concerns with driver vision. Focusing specifically on rearwards visibility in small and medium passenger vehicles, the volumetric approach is shown to provide a number of distinct advantages. The ability to explore multiple projections of both direct vision (through windows) and indirect vision (through mirrors) provides a greater understanding of the field of view environment afforded to the driver whilst still maintaining compatibility with the 2D projections of the regulatory standards. Field of view requirements for drivers of road vehicles are defined by simplified 2D areas projected onto the ground plane. However, driver vision is a complex 3D problem. This paper presents the development of a new software-based 3D volumetric projection technique and its implementation in the evaluation of driver vision in small- and medium-sized passenger vehicles.

  13. Novel compact panomorph lens based vision system for monitoring around a vehicle

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Thibault, Simon

    2008-04-01

    Automotive applications are one of the largest vision-sensor market segments and one of the fastest growing ones. The trend to use increasingly more sensors in cars is driven both by legislation and consumer demands for higher safety and better driving experiences. Awareness of what directly surrounds a vehicle affects safe driving and manoeuvring of a vehicle. Consequently, panoramic 360° Field of View imaging can contributes most to the perception of the world around the driver than any other sensors. However, to obtain a complete vision around the car, several sensor systems are necessary. To solve this issue, a customized imaging system based on a panomorph lens will provide the maximum information for the drivers with a reduced number of sensors. A panomorph lens is a hemispheric wide angle anamorphic lens with enhanced resolution in predefined zone of interest. Because panomorph lenses are optimized to a custom angle-to-pixel relationship, vision systems provide ideal image coverage that reduces and optimizes the processing. We present various scenarios which may benefit from the use of a custom panoramic sensor. We also discuss the technical requirements of such vision system. Finally we demonstrate how the panomorph based visual sensor is probably one of the most promising ways to fuse many sensors in one. For example, a single panoramic sensor on the front of a vehicle could provide all necessary information for assistance in crash avoidance, lane tracking, early warning, park aids, road sign detection, and various video monitoring views.

  14. Vision screening of older drivers for preventing road traffic injuries and fatalities.

    PubMed

    Desapriya, Ediriweera; Harjee, Rahana; Brubacher, Jeffrey; Chan, Herbert; Hewapathirane, D Sesath; Subzwari, Sayed; Pike, Ian

    2014-02-21

    Demographic data in North America, Europe, Asia, Australia and New Zealand suggest a rapid growth in the number of persons over the age of 65 years as the baby boomer generation passes retirement age. As older adults make up an increasing proportion of the population, they are an important consideration when designing future evidence-based traffic safety policies, particularly those that lead to restrictions or cessation of driving. Research has shown that cessation of driving among older drivers can lead to negative emotional consequences such as depression and loss of independence. Older adults who continue to drive tend to do so less frequently than other demographic groups and are more likely to be involved in a road traffic crash, possibly due to what is termed the "low mileage bias". Available research suggests that older driver crash risk estimates based on traditional exposure measures are prone to bias. When annual driving distances are taken in to consideration, older drivers with low driving distances have an increased crash risk, while those with average or high driving distances tend to be safer drivers when compared to other age groups. In addition, older drivers with lower distance driving tend to drive in urban areas which, due to more complex and demanding traffic patterns, tend to be more accident-prone. Failure to control for actual annual driving distances and driving locations among older drivers is referred to as "low mileage bias" in older driver mobility research. It is also important to note that older drivers are more vulnerable to serious injury and death in the event of a traffic crash due to changes in physiology associated with normal ageing. Vision, cognition, and motor functions or skills (e.g., strength, co-ordination, and flexibility) are three key domains required for safe driving. To drive safely, an individual needs to be able to see road signs, road side objects, traffic lights, roadway markings, other vulnerable road users, and other vehicles on the road, among many other cues-all while moving, and under varying light and weather conditions. It is equally important that drivers must have appropriate peripheral vision to monitor objects and movement to identify possible threats in the driving environment. It is, therefore, not surprising that there is agreement among researchers that vision plays a significant role in driving performance. Several age-related processes/conditions impair vision, thus it follows that vision testing of older drivers is an important road safety issue. The components of visual function essential for driving are acuity, static acuity, dynamic acuity, visual fields, visual attention, depth perception, and contrast sensitivity. These indices are typically not fully assessed by licensing agencies. Also, current vision screening regulations and cut-off values required to pass a licensing test vary from country to country. Although there is a clear need to develop evidence-based and validated tools for vision screening for driving, the effectiveness of existing vision screening tools remains unclear. This represents an important and highly warranted initiative to increase road safety worldwide. To assess the effects of vision screening interventions for older drivers to prevent road traffic injuries and fatalities. For the update of this review we searched the Cochrane Injuries Group's Specialised Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library), MEDLINE (OvidSP), Embase (OvidSP), PsycINFO (OvidSP) and ISI Web of Science: (CPCI-S & SSCI). The searches were conducted up to 26 September 2013. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and controlled before and after studies comparing vision screening to non-screening of drivers aged 55 years and older, and which assessed the effect on road traffic crashes, injuries, fatalities and any involvement in traffic law violations. Two review authors independently screened the reference lists for eligible articles and independently assessed the articles for inclusion against the criteria. If suitable trials had been available, two review authors would have independently extracted data using a standardised extraction form. No studies were found that met the inclusion criteria for this review. Most countries require a vision screening test for the renewal of an individual's driver's licence. There is, however, lack of methodologically sound studies to assess the effects of vision screening tests on subsequent motor vehicle crash reduction. There is a need to develop valid and reliable tools of vision screening that can predict driving performance.

  15. A Vision-Based Driver Nighttime Assistance and Surveillance System Based on Intelligent Image Sensing Techniques and a Heterogamous Dual-Core Embedded System Architecture

    PubMed Central

    Chen, Yen-Lin; Chiang, Hsin-Han; Chiang, Chuan-Yen; Liu, Chuan-Ming; Yuan, Shyan-Ming; Wang, Jenq-Haur

    2012-01-01

    This study proposes a vision-based intelligent nighttime driver assistance and surveillance system (VIDASS system) implemented by a set of embedded software components and modules, and integrates these modules to accomplish a component-based system framework on an embedded heterogamous dual-core platform. Therefore, this study develops and implements computer vision and sensing techniques of nighttime vehicle detection, collision warning determination, and traffic event recording. The proposed system processes the road-scene frames in front of the host car captured from CCD sensors mounted on the host vehicle. These vision-based sensing and processing technologies are integrated and implemented on an ARM-DSP heterogamous dual-core embedded platform. Peripheral devices, including image grabbing devices, communication modules, and other in-vehicle control devices, are also integrated to form an in-vehicle-embedded vision-based nighttime driver assistance and surveillance system. PMID:22736956

  16. A vision-based driver nighttime assistance and surveillance system based on intelligent image sensing techniques and a heterogamous dual-core embedded system architecture.

    PubMed

    Chen, Yen-Lin; Chiang, Hsin-Han; Chiang, Chuan-Yen; Liu, Chuan-Ming; Yuan, Shyan-Ming; Wang, Jenq-Haur

    2012-01-01

    This study proposes a vision-based intelligent nighttime driver assistance and surveillance system (VIDASS system) implemented by a set of embedded software components and modules, and integrates these modules to accomplish a component-based system framework on an embedded heterogamous dual-core platform. Therefore, this study develops and implements computer vision and sensing techniques of nighttime vehicle detection, collision warning determination, and traffic event recording. The proposed system processes the road-scene frames in front of the host car captured from CCD sensors mounted on the host vehicle. These vision-based sensing and processing technologies are integrated and implemented on an ARM-DSP heterogamous dual-core embedded platform. Peripheral devices, including image grabbing devices, communication modules, and other in-vehicle control devices, are also integrated to form an in-vehicle-embedded vision-based nighttime driver assistance and surveillance system.

  17. The Alabama VIP older driver study rationale and design: examining the relationship between vision impairment and driving using naturalistic driving techniques.

    PubMed

    Owsley, Cynthia; McGwin, Gerald; Antin, Jonathan F; Wood, Joanne M; Elgin, Jennifer

    2018-02-07

    Older drivers aged ≥70 years old have among the highest rates of motor vehicle collisions (MVC) compared to other age groups. Driving is a highly visual task, and older adults have a high prevalence of vision impairment compared to other ages. Most studies addressing visual risk factors for MVCs by older drivers utilize vehicle accident reports as the primary outcome, an approach with several methodological limitations. Naturalistic driving research methods overcome these challenges and involve installing a high-tech, unobtrusive data acquisition system (DAS) in an older driver's own vehicle. The DAS continuously records multi-channel video of driver and roadway, sensor-based kinematics, GPS location, and presence of nearby objects in front of the vehicle, providing an objective measure of driving exposure. In this naturalistic driving study, the purpose is to examine the relationship between vision and crashes and near-crashes, lane-keeping, turning at intersections, driving performance during secondary tasks demands, and the role of front-seat passengers. An additional aim is to compare results of the on-road driving evaluation by a certified driving rehabilitation specialist to objective indicators of driving performance derived from the naturalistic data. Drivers ≥70 years old are recruited from ophthalmology clinics and a previous population-based study of older drivers, with the goal of recruiting persons with wide ranging visual function. Target samples size is 195 drivers. At a baseline visit, the DAS is installed in the participant's vehicle and a battery of health and functional assessments are administered to the driver including visual-sensory and visual-cognitive tests. The DAS remains installed in the vehicle for six months while the participant goes about his/her normal driving with no imposed study restrictions. After six months, the driver returns for DAS de-installation, repeat vision testing, and an on-road driving evaluation by a certified driving rehabilitation specialist (CDRS). The data streams recorded by the DAS are uploaded to the data coordinating center for analysis. The Alabama VIP Older Driver Study is the first naturalistic older driver study specifically focused on the enrollment of drivers with vision impairment in order to study the relationship between visual dysfunction and driver safety and performance.

  18. Vision and commercial motor vehicle driver safety : vol. 2 : appendix G

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2007-12-14

    The purpose of this evidence report is to address several key questions posed by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) that pertain to vision and commercial motor vehicle (CMV) driver safety. Each of these key questions was develope...

  19. Vision and commercial motor vehicle driver safety : vol. 1 : evidence report

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2008-06-06

    The purpose of this evidence report is to address several key questions posed by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) that pertain to vision and commercial motor vehicle (CMV) driver safety. Each of these key questions was develope...

  20. A Roadmap for Interpreting the Literature on Vision and Driving

    PubMed Central

    Owsley, Cynthia; Wood, Joanne M.; McGwin, Gerald

    2015-01-01

    Over the past several decades there has been a sharp increase in the number of studies focused on the relationship between vision and driving. The intensified scientific attention to this topic has most likely been stimulated by the lack of an evidence-basis for determining vision standards for driving licensure and a poor understanding about how vision impairment impacts driver safety and performance. Clinicians depend on the scientific literature on vision and driving as a resource to appropriately advise visually impaired patients about driving fitness. Policy makers also depend on the scientific literature in order to develop guidelines that are evidence-based and are thus fair to persons who are visually impaired. Thus it is important for clinicians and policy makers alike to understand how various study designs and measurement methods should be appropriately interpreted so that the conclusions and recommendations they make based on this literature are not overly broad, too narrowly constrained, or even misguided. In this overview, based on our 25 years of experience in this field, we offer a methodological framework to guide interpretations of studies on vision and driving, which can also serve as a heuristic for researchers in the area. Here we discuss research designs and general measurement methods for the study of vision as they relate to driver safety, driver performance, and driver-centered (self-reported) outcomes. PMID:25753389

  1. 75 FR 64396 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-10-19

    ... include the Agency name and the docket number for this notice. Note that DOT posts all comments received... meet the vision exemption standards. These factors provide an adequate basis for predicting each driver...-18-10; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 4910-EX-P ...

  2. Vision and Driving

    PubMed Central

    Owsley, Cynthia; McGwin, Gerald

    2010-01-01

    Driving is the primary means of personal travel in many countries and is relies heavily on vision for its successful execution. Research over the past few decades has addressed the role of vision in driver safety (motor vehicle collision involvement) and in driver performance (both on-road and using interactive simulators in the laboratory). Here we critically review what is currently known about the role of various aspects of visual function in driving. We also discuss translational research issues on vision screening for licensure and re-licensure and rehabilitation of visually impaired persons who want to drive. PMID:20580907

  3. 75 FR 61833 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-10-06

    ...FMCSA announces its decision to exempt 17 individuals from the vision requirement in the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations (FMCSRs). The exemptions will enable these individuals to operate commercial motor vehicles (CMVs) in interstate commerce without meeting the prescribed vision standard. The Agency has concluded that granting these exemptions will provide a level of safety that is equivalent to, or greater than, the level of safety maintained without the exemptions for these CMV drivers.

  4. 75 FR 79081 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-12-17

    ...FMCSA announces its decision to exempt 16 individuals from the vision requirement in the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations (FMCSRs). The exemptions will enable these individuals to operate commercial motor vehicles (CMVs) in interstate commerce without meeting the prescribed vision standard. The Agency has concluded that granting these exemptions will provide a level of safety that is equivalent to, or greater than, the level of safety maintained without the exemptions for these CMV drivers.

  5. 75 FR 52061 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-08-24

    ... announces its decision to renew the exemptions from the vision requirement in the Federal [[Page 52062... (CMV) drivers. DATES: This decision is effective September 21, 2010. Comments must be received on or... part 381. Exemption Decision This notice addresses 37 individuals who have requested renewal of their...

  6. Survey of Older Drivers’ Experiences with Florida’s Mandatory Vision Re-Screening Law for Licensure

    PubMed Central

    McGwin, Gerald; McCartt, Anne T.; Braitman, Keli A.; Owsley, Cynthia

    2008-01-01

    Purpose To document the license renewal experiences of Florida drivers ages 80 and older who must pass a visual acuity test when renewing their driver’s license. Participants A random sample of Florida residents ages 80 and older whose driver’s licenses were scheduled to expire between January 1, 2004 and June 30, 2005 as identified by the Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles. Methods Study participants (n=1,242 drivers) were contacted via telephone and completed a survey regarding their experiences with the license renewal process. Results The majority (80.2%) of those eligible for license renewal reportedly attempted to do so and 88.0% succeeded the first time they tried. A large percentage of drivers (88%) who failed the vision test said they sought treatment, and 77.6% of drivers who reattempted renewal reportedly passed the test. About half of drivers who did not seek renewal said they thought they would fail the vision test. The majority of those choosing not to renew their license (99.5%) reported using transportation alternatives. Conclusions This Study suggests that the Florida vision screening re-licensure law is not a deterrent to seeking license renewal for the ≥80-year-old population. Furthermore, only a small percentage of Florida drivers ages ≥ 80 years and older reported that they failed the visual acuity screening test and were denied license renewal. PMID:18432496

  7. Assessing contextual factors that influence acceptance of pedestrian alerts by a night vision system.

    PubMed

    Källhammer, Jan-Erik; Smith, Kip

    2012-08-01

    We investigated five contextual variables that we hypothesized would influence driver acceptance of alerts to pedestrians issued by a night vision active safety system to inform the specification of the system's alerting strategies. Driver acceptance of automotive active safety systems is a key factor to promote their use and implies a need to assess factors influencing driver acceptance. In a field operational test, 10 drivers drove instrumented vehicles equipped with a preproduction night vision system with pedestrian detection software. In a follow-up experiment, the 10 drivers and 25 additional volunteers without experience with the system watched 57 clips with pedestrian encounters gathered during the field operational test. They rated the acceptance of an alert to each pedestrian encounter. Levels of rating concordance were significant between drivers who experienced the encounters and participants who did not. Two contextual variables, pedestrian location and motion, were found to influence ratings. Alerts were more accepted when pedestrians were close to or moving toward the vehicle's path. The study demonstrates the utility of using subjective driver acceptance ratings to inform the design of active safety systems and to leverage expensive field operational test data within the confines of the laboratory. The design of alerting strategies for active safety systems needs to heed the driver's contextual sensitivity to issued alerts.

  8. 78 FR 68475 - Certain Vision-Based Driver Assistance System Cameras and Components Thereof; Institution of...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-11-14

    ... INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION [Inv. No. 337-TA-899] Certain Vision-Based Driver Assistance System.... International Trade Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: Notice is hereby given that a complaint was filed with the U.S. International Trade Commission on September 20, 2013, under section 337 of the Tariff Act of...

  9. Performance and cost improvements in the display control module for DVE

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Thomas, J.; Lorimer, S.,

    2009-05-01

    The DCM for the Drivers Vision Enhancer system is the display part of a relatively low cost IR imaging system for land-vehicles. Recent changes to operational needs, associated with asymmetrical warfare have added daytime operations to the uses for this mature system. This paper will discuss cost/performance tradeoffs and provide thoughts for "DVE of the future" in light of these new operational needs for the system.

  10. 76 FR 12216 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-03-04

    ...; Exemption Applications; Vision AGENCY: Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA), DOT. ACTION... exemptions from the vision requirement in the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations for 11 individuals. FMCSA has statutory authority to exempt individuals from the vision requirement if the exemptions...

  11. 77 FR 46153 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-08-02

    ...; Exemption Applications; Vision AGENCY: Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA), DOT. ACTION... exemptions from the vision requirement in the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations for 48 individuals. FMCSA has statutory authority to exempt individuals from the vision requirement if the exemptions...

  12. 76 FR 53708 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-08-29

    ... Applications; Vision AGENCY: Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA), DOT. ACTION: Notice of... from the vision requirement in the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations for 28 individuals. FMCSA has statutory authority to exempt individuals from the vision requirement if the exemptions granted...

  13. 78 FR 16035 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-03-13

    ...; Exemption Applications; Vision AGENCY: Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA), DOT. ACTION... exemptions from the vision requirement in the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations for 5 individuals. FMCSA has statutory authority to exempt individuals from the vision requirement if the exemptions...

  14. 76 FR 70215 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-11-10

    ...; Exemption Applications; Vision AGENCY: Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA), DOT. ACTION... exemptions from the vision requirement in the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations for 20 individuals. FMCSA has statutory authority to exempt individuals from the vision requirement if the exemptions...

  15. 78 FR 11731 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-02-19

    ... Applications; Vision AGENCY: Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA), DOT. ACTION: Notice of... from the vision requirement in the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations for 12 individuals. FMCSA has statutory authority to exempt individuals from the vision requirement if the exemptions granted...

  16. 77 FR 64583 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-10-22

    ... Applications; Vision AGENCY: Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA), DOT. ACTION: Notice of... from the vision requirement in the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations for 16 individuals. FMCSA has statutory authority to exempt individuals from the vision requirement if the exemptions granted...

  17. 76 FR 17483 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-03-29

    ... Applications; Vision AGENCY: Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA), DOT. ACTION: Notice of... from the vision requirement in the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations for 21 individuals. FMCSA has statutory authority to exempt individuals from the vision requirement if the exemptions granted...

  18. 75 FR 1453 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Renewals; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-01-11

    ... Renewals; Vision AGENCY: Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA), DOT. ACTION: Notice of final disposition. SUMMARY: FMCSA previously announced its decision to renew the exemptions from the vision... to exempt individuals from the vision requirement if the exemptions granted will not compromise...

  19. 77 FR 3554 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-01-24

    ...; Exemption Applications; Vision AGENCY: Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA), DOT. ACTION... exemptions from the vision requirement in the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations for 6 individuals. FMCSA has statutory authority to exempt individuals from the vision requirement if the exemptions...

  20. 77 FR 23800 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-04-20

    ... Applications; Vision AGENCY: Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA), DOT. ACTION: Notice of... from the vision requirement in the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations for 11 individuals. FMCSA has statutory authority to exempt individuals from the vision requirement if the exemptions granted...

  1. 76 FR 12215 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-03-04

    ... Applications; Vision AGENCY: Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA), DOT. ACTION: Notice of... from the vision requirement in the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations for 21 individuals. FMCSA has statutory authority to exempt individuals from the vision requirement if the exemptions granted...

  2. 75 FR 1451 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-01-11

    ...; Exemption Applications; Vision AGENCY: Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA), DOT. ACTION... exemptions from the vision requirement in the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations for 13 individuals. FMCSA has statutory authority to exempt individuals from the vision requirement if the exemptions...

  3. 75 FR 1450 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-01-11

    ... Applications; Vision AGENCY: Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA), DOT. ACTION: Notice of... from the vision requirement in the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations for 6 individuals. FMCSA has statutory authority to exempt individuals from the vision requirement if the exemptions granted...

  4. 77 FR 36338 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-06-18

    ...; Exemption Applications; Vision AGENCY: Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA), DOT. ACTION... exemptions from the vision requirement in the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations for 25 individuals. FMCSA has statutory authority to exempt individuals from the vision requirement if the exemptions...

  5. 76 FR 32017 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-06-02

    ...; Exemption Applications; Vision AGENCY: Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA), DOT. ACTION... exemptions from the vision requirement in the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations for 18 individuals. FMCSA has statutory authority to exempt individuals from the vision requirement if the exemptions...

  6. 78 FR 64280 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-10-28

    ...; Exemption Applications; Vision AGENCY: Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA), DOT. ACTION... exemptions from the vision requirement in the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations for 17 individuals. FMCSA has statutory authority to exempt individuals from the vision requirement if the exemptions...

  7. 76 FR 9861 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-02-22

    ...; Vision AGENCY: Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA), DOT. ACTION: Notice of renewal of... vision requirement in the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations for 9 individuals. FMCSA has statutory authority to exempt individuals from the vision requirement if the exemptions granted will not compromise...

  8. 75 FR 1453 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Renewals; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-01-11

    ...; Exemption Renewals; Vision AGENCY: Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA), DOT. ACTION: Notice... the vision requirement in the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations for 23 individuals. FMCSA has statutory authority to exempt individuals from the vision requirement if the exemptions granted will not...

  9. 78 FR 22596 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-04-16

    ...; Vision AGENCY: Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA), DOT. ACTION: Notice of renewal of... vision requirement in the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations for 38 individuals. FMCSA has statutory authority to exempt individuals from the vision requirement if the exemptions granted will not...

  10. Systems Analysis of Remote Piloting/Robotics Technology Applicable to Assault Rafts.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1982-01-01

    LTOG 3.936 m n Driver Position Driver is only member of crew seated under armor - seated in front leftI of hull - 3 M17 periscopes - single piece...hatch cover. Vision Data Summary I.D - 3P; H - 82.5* to 165* V - 110 to 220 SC - Is not under armor ; therefore has freedom of vision. Mobility Information... under armor - seated in front left * of hull - 3 Ml7 periscopes - single piece hatch cover. 4Vision Data Summary SD - 3P; H - 82.50 to 1650 V - 110 to

  11. Pedestrian worker fatalities in workplace locations, Australia, 2000-2010.

    PubMed

    Kitching, Fiona; Jones, Christopher B; Ibrahim, Joseph E; Ozanne-Smith, Joan

    2014-01-01

    Pedestrian deaths of workers in Australian workplaces (1 July 2000-31 December 2010) are described using coronial and safety authority fatality databases. One hundred and fifteen deaths were identified, with the majority male (93%) and aged over 50 years (59%). Four industries predominated (85% of deaths): Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing (31%), Construction (29%), Transport, Postal and Warehousing (16%) and Manufacturing (10%). Similarly, three occupations dominated: Farmers (28%), Labourers (27%) and Machinery Operators and Drivers (25%). Common circumstantial factors (reversing machines or vehicles, driver also the pedestrian, driver's vision impeded and working accompanied) occurred in the Construction, Transport and Manufacturing industries, providing collaborative opportunities for prevention. Deaths occurring in the Agriculture industry showed different circumstantial factors, likely needing different solutions. While some effective countermeasures are known, workplace pedestrian fatalities continue to occur. Prevention strategies are needed to share known information across industries and to produce data enhancements and new knowledge.

  12. Visual fields at the wheel.

    PubMed

    Vargas-Martín, Fernando; García-Pérez, Miguel A

    2005-08-01

    "Looked-but-failed-to-see" errors are a common cause of accidents, but it has never been determined whether obstructive elements within an automobile (e.g., window posts or the interior rearview mirror) have actually been an obstacle to vision. This work describes a technique that can easily be used to determine the available visual field of drivers at the wheel and illustrates its potential in a number of applications. The technique involves calibrating a minicamera for use as a device for perimetry and then mounting it on spectacles so that it lies between the eyes of the subject who wears them. With the spectacle-mounted camera worn by a driver, snapshots were taken when the automobile was parked and the driver looked in different directions, and video sequences were recorded during natural driving in an urban area and on a winding mountain road. All of the automobiles studied place obstacles to vision for any given direction of gaze, although the resultant scotomata have different sizes and are placed in different regions of the visual field for each combination of car and driver. These regions encroach into central vision as drivers turn their head and eyes as required by the characteristics of the road or the urban area during natural driving, in some cases resulting in very poor visibility regardless of the good vision of the driver and the certification of the automobile. Our technique is useful for determining what parts of a given scene are visible to a given driver on a given automobile and, hence, it is useful not only as a tool for accident investigation and in visual ergonomics, but also as an aid for the design of automobiles and road environments.

  13. Vision-based method for detecting driver drowsiness and distraction in driver monitoring system

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Jo, Jaeik; Lee, Sung Joo; Jung, Ho Gi; Park, Kang Ryoung; Kim, Jaihie

    2011-12-01

    Most driver-monitoring systems have attempted to detect either driver drowsiness or distraction, although both factors should be considered for accident prevention. Therefore, we propose a new driver-monitoring method considering both factors. We make the following contributions. First, if the driver is looking ahead, drowsiness detection is performed; otherwise, distraction detection is performed. Thus, the computational cost and eye-detection error can be reduced. Second, we propose a new eye-detection algorithm that combines adaptive boosting, adaptive template matching, and blob detection with eye validation, thereby reducing the eye-detection error and processing time significantly, which is hardly achievable using a single method. Third, to enhance eye-detection accuracy, eye validation is applied after initial eye detection, using a support vector machine based on appearance features obtained by principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). Fourth, we propose a novel eye state-detection algorithm that combines appearance features obtained using PCA and LDA, with statistical features such as the sparseness and kurtosis of the histogram from the horizontal edge image of the eye. Experimental results showed that the detection accuracies of the eye region and eye states were 99 and 97%, respectively. Both driver drowsiness and distraction were detected with a success rate of 98%.

  14. Age and visual impairment decrease driving performance as measured on a closed-road circuit.

    PubMed

    Wood, Joanne M

    2002-01-01

    In this study the effects of visual impairment and age on driving were investigated and related to visual function. Participants were 139 licensed drivers (young, middle-aged, and older participants with normal vision, and older participants with ocular disease). Driving performance was assessed during the daytime on a closed-road driving circuit. Visual performance was assessed using a vision testing battery. Age and visual impairment had a significant detrimental effect on recognition tasks (detection and recognition of signs and hazards), time to complete driving tasks (overall course time, reversing, and maneuvering), maneuvering ability, divided attention, and an overall driving performance index. All vision measures were significantly affected by group membership. A combination of motion sensitivity, useful field of view (UFOV), Pelli-Robson letter contrast sensitivity, and dynamic acuity could predict 50% of the variance in overall driving scores. These results indicate that older drivers with either normal vision or visual impairment had poorer driving performance compared with younger or middle-aged drivers with normal vision. The inclusion of tests such as motion sensitivity and the UFOV significantly improve the predictive power of vision tests for driving performance. Although such measures may not be practical for widespread screening, their application in selected cases should be considered.

  15. 78 FR 63302 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-10-23

    .... Ferris Mr. Ferris, 70, has had complete loss of vision in his right eye since 1991. The visual acuity in... sufficient vision to perform his driving tasks to operate a commercial vehicle.'' Mr. Ferris reported that he...

  16. 77 FR 56261 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-09-12

    ... Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations. They are unable to meet the vision requirement in one eye for...) in interstate commerce without meeting the prescribed vision requirement in one eye. If granted, the... had loss of vision in his left eye due to a traumatic incidence that occured in 1990. The best...

  17. The contribution of stereo vision to the control of braking.

    PubMed

    Tijtgat, Pieter; Mazyn, Liesbeth; De Laey, Christophe; Lenoir, Matthieu

    2008-03-01

    In this study the contribution of stereo vision to the control of braking in front of a stationary target vehicle was investigated. Participants with normal (StereoN) and weak (StereoW) stereo vision drove a go-cart along a linear track towards a stationary vehicle. They could start braking from a distance of 4, 7, or 10m from the vehicle. Deceleration patterns were measured by means of a laser. A lack of stereo vision was associated with an earlier onset of braking, but the duration of the braking manoeuvre was similar. During the deceleration, the time of peak deceleration occurred earlier in drivers with weak stereo vision. Stopping distance was greater in those lacking in stereo vision. A lack of stereo vision was associated with a more prudent brake behaviour, in which the driver took into account a larger safety margin. This compensation might be caused either by an unconscious adaptation of the human perceptuo-motor system, or by a systematic underestimation of distance remaining due to the lack of stereo vision. In general, a lack of stereo vision did not seem to increase the risk of rear-end collisions.

  18. 78 FR 37274 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-06-20

    ...). They are unable to meet the vision requirement in one eye for various reasons. The exemptions will... meeting the prescribed vision requirement in one eye. The Agency has concluded that granting these... of at least 20/40 (Snellen) in each eye [[Page 37275

  19. 49 CFR 391.64 - Grandfathering for certain drivers participating in vision and diabetes waiver study programs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... operation of commercial motor vehicles by insulin-controlled diabetic drivers; provided: (1) The driver is... attesting to the fact that the driver is: (i) Otherwise qualified under § 391.41; (ii) Free of insulin reactions (an individual is free of insulin reactions if that individual does not have severe hypoglycemia...

  20. 49 CFR 391.64 - Grandfathering for certain drivers participating in vision and diabetes waiver study programs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... operation of commercial motor vehicles by insulin-controlled diabetic drivers; provided: (1) The driver is... attesting to the fact that the driver is: (i) Otherwise qualified under § 391.41; (ii) Free of insulin reactions (an individual is free of insulin reactions if that individual does not have severe hypoglycemia...

  1. 49 CFR 391.64 - Grandfathering for certain drivers participating in vision and diabetes waiver study programs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... operation of commercial motor vehicles by insulin-controlled diabetic drivers; provided: (1) The driver is... attesting to the fact that the driver is: (i) Otherwise qualified under § 391.41; (ii) Free of insulin reactions (an individual is free of insulin reactions if that individual does not have severe hypoglycemia...

  2. Visual function among commercial vehicle drivers in the central region of Ghana

    PubMed Central

    Boadi-Kusi, Samuel Bert; Kyei, Samuel; Asare, Frederick Afum; Owusu-Ansah, Andrew; Awuah, Agnes; Darko-Takyi, Charles

    2015-01-01

    Aim To determine the relationship between some visual functions: colour vision defects, abnormal stereopsis, visual acuity and the occurrence of road traffic accident (RTAs) among commercial vehicle drivers in the central region of Ghana, and to assess their knowledge of these anomalies. Method A descriptive cross-sectional study employing a multi-stage random sampling approach was conducted in the major commercial towns within the central region of Ghana. Participants were taken through a comprehensive eye examination after the administration of a structured questionnaire. Results 520 male commercial vehicle drivers were enrolled for this study with a mean age of 39.23 years ±10.96 years and mean visual acuity of 0.02 ± 0.08 logMAR. Protans were more likely to be involved in RTAs (χ2 = 6.194, p = 0.034). However, there was no statistically significant association between abnormal stereopsis (OR = 0.89 95% CI: 0.44–1.80, p = 0.56), poor vision due to refractive error (χ2 = 3.090, p = 0.388) and the occurrence of RTAs. While 86.9% were aware of abnormal stereopsis, only 45% were aware of colour vision defects. There was a statistically significant association between stereopsis anomaly and colour vision defect (r = 0.371, p < 0.005). Conclusion The study found an association between protanopia and RTAs but none between stereopsis anomalies, refractive errors and the occurrence of RTAs. Drivers were less knowledgeable on colour vision defects as compared to stereopsis anomalies. PMID:26364760

  3. Visual function among commercial vehicle drivers in the central region of Ghana.

    PubMed

    Boadi-Kusi, Samuel Bert; Kyei, Samuel; Asare, Frederick Afum; Owusu-Ansah, Andrew; Awuah, Agnes; Darko-Takyi, Charles

    2016-01-01

    To determine the relationship between some visual functions: colour vision defects, abnormal stereopsis, visual acuity and the occurrence of road traffic accident (RTAs) among commercial vehicle drivers in the central region of Ghana, and to assess their knowledge of these anomalies. A descriptive cross-sectional study employing a multi-stage random sampling approach was conducted in the major commercial towns within the central region of Ghana. Participants were taken through a comprehensive eye examination after the administration of a structured questionnaire. 520 male commercial vehicle drivers were enrolled for this study with a mean age of 39.23 years ±10.96 years and mean visual acuity of 0.02±0.08 logMAR. Protans were more likely to be involved in RTAs (χ(2)=6.194, p=0.034). However, there was no statistically significant association between abnormal stereopsis (OR=0.89 95% CI: 0.44-1.80, p=0.56), poor vision due to refractive error (χ(2)=3.090, p=0.388) and the occurrence of RTAs. While 86.9% were aware of abnormal stereopsis, only 45% were aware of colour vision defects. There was a statistically significant association between stereopsis anomaly and colour vision defect (r=0.371, p<0.005). The study found an association between protanopia and RTAs but none between stereopsis anomalies, refractive errors and the occurrence of RTAs. Drivers were less knowledgeable on colour vision defects as compared to stereopsis anomalies. Copyright © 2015 Spanish General Council of Optometry. Published by Elsevier Espana. All rights reserved.

  4. Mission statements and vision documents in medical practices.

    PubMed

    Drury, Ivo; Slomski, Carol

    2006-01-01

    Thoughtful, carefully constructed mission statements and vision documents serve both to signal the purpose of a medical practice to the public and other professional colleagues, and to keep the practice's providers focused on its key purposes. Practice culture is the primary driver ofmission and vision. We clarify the differences between mission statements and vision documents, and offer guidelines to aid in constructing them.

  5. Older driver support system.

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2016-04-01

    A significant factor impinging on older drivers ability to maintain safe and efficient mobility as : they age is the decline in behavioral, cognitive, and perceptual functions. Declines in vision, : hearing, cognitive processing, physical strength...

  6. 77 FR 74731 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-12-17

    ... Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations. They are unable to meet the vision requirement in one eye for...) in interstate commerce without meeting the prescribed vision requirement in one eye. If granted, the..., age 45, has had amblyopia in his right eye since childhood. The best corrected visual acuity in his...

  7. 78 FR 27281 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-05-09

    ... Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations. They are unable to meet the vision requirement in one eye for...) in interstate commerce without meeting the prescribed vision requirement in one eye. If granted, the.... Qualifications of Applicants Allan L. Anthony Mr. Anthony, age 54, has had refractive amblyopia in his left eye...

  8. Older drivers and rapid deceleration events: Salisbury Eye Evaluation Driving Study.

    PubMed

    Keay, Lisa; Munoz, Beatriz; Duncan, Donald D; Hahn, Daniel; Baldwin, Kevin; Turano, Kathleen A; Munro, Cynthia A; Bandeen-Roche, Karen; West, Sheila K

    2013-09-01

    Drivers who rapidly change speed while driving may be more at risk for a crash. We sought to determine the relationship of demographic, vision, and cognitive variables with episodes of rapid decelerations during five days of normal driving in a cohort of older drivers. In the Salisbury Eye Evaluation Driving Study, 1425 older drivers aged 67-87 were recruited from the Maryland Motor Vehicle Administration's rolls for licensees in Salisbury, Maryland. Participants had several measures of vision tested: visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, visual fields, and the attentional visual field. Participants were also tested for various domains of cognitive function including executive function, attention, psychomotor speed, and visual search. A custom created driving monitoring system (DMS) was used to capture rapid deceleration events (RDEs), defined as at least 350 milli-g deceleration, during a five day period of monitoring. The rate of RDE per mile driven was modeled using a negative binomial regression model with an offset of the logarithm of the number of miles driven. We found that 30% of older drivers had one or more RDE during a five day period, and of those, about 1/3 had four or more. The rate of RDE per mile driven was highest for those drivers driving<59 miles during the 5-day period of monitoring. However, older drivers with RDE's were more likely to have better scores in cognitive tests of psychomotor speed and visual search, and have faster brake reaction time. Further, greater average speed and maximum speed per driving segment was protective against RDE events. In conclusion, contrary to our hypothesis, older drivers who perform rapid decelerations tend to be more "fit", with better measures of vision and cognition compared to those who do not have events of rapid deceleration. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  9. Older Drivers and Rapid Deceleration Events: Salisbury Eye Evaluation Driving Study

    PubMed Central

    Keay, Lisa; Munoz, Beatriz; Duncan, Donald D; Hahn, Daniel; Baldwin, Kevin; Turano, Kathleen A; Munro, Cynthia A; Bandeen-Roche, Karen; West, Sheila K

    2012-01-01

    Drivers who rapidly change speed while driving may be more at risk for a crash. We sought to determine the relationship of demographic, vision, and cognitive variables with episodes of rapid decelerations during five days of normal driving in a cohort of older drivers. In the Salisbury Eye Evaluation Driving Study, 1425 older drivers ages 67 to 87 were recruited from the Maryland Motor Vehicle Administration’s rolls for licensees in Salisbury, Maryland. Participants had several measures of vision tested: visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, visual fields, and the attentional visual field. Participants were also tested for various domains of cognitive function including executive function, attention, psychomotor speed, and visual search. A custom created Driving Monitor System (DMS) was used to capture rapid deceleration events (RDE), defined as at least 350 milli-g deceleration, during a five day period of monitoring. The rate of RDE per mile driven was modeled using a negative binomial regression model with an offset of the logarithm of the number of miles driven. We found that 30% of older drivers had one or more RDE during a five day period, and of those, about 1/3 had four or more. The rate of RDE per mile driven was highest for those drivers driving <59 miles during the 5-day period of monitoring. However, older drivers with RDE’s were more likely to have better scores in cognitive tests of psychomotor speed and visual search, and have faster brake reaction time. Further, greater average speed and maximum speed per driving segment was protective against RDE events. In conclusion, contrary to our hypothesis, older drivers who perform rapid decelerations tend to be more “fit”, with better measures of vision and cognition compared to those who do not have events of rapid deceleration. PMID:22742775

  10. 78 FR 20376 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-04-04

    ... Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations. They are unable to meet the vision requirement in one eye for...) in interstate commerce without meeting the prescribed vision requirement in one eye. If granted, the... Blanton Mr. Blanton, age 64, has had amblyopia in his right eye since childhood. The visual acuity in his...

  11. 78 FR 14405 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-03-05

    ... Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations. They are unable to meet the vision requirement in one eye for...) in interstate commerce without meeting the prescribed vision requirement in one eye. If granted, the... Doub Mr. Doub, 68, has had a retinal detachment in his right eye since 2009. The visual acuity in his...

  12. 78 FR 63292 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-10-23

    ... an ophthalmologist or optometrist who attests that the vision in the better eye continues to meet the... exemption and has submitted evidence showing that the vision in the better eye continues to meet the..., click on the blue ``Comment Now!'' button on the right hand side of the page. On the new page, enter...

  13. 78 FR 76704 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-12-18

    ... year (a) by an ophthalmologist or optometrist who attests that the vision in the better eye continues... submitted evidence showing that the vision in the better eye continues to meet the requirement specified at...; FMCSA- 2007-0017 and click the search button. When the new screen appears, click on the blue ``Comment...

  14. 77 FR 541 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-01-05

    ... that we received your comments, please include a self-addressed, stamped envelope or postcard or print... made a determination to grant exemptions to each of them. Vision and Driving Experience of the... Exemption Determination Under 49 U.S.C. 31136(e) and 31315, FMCSA may grant an exemption from the vision...

  15. 78 FR 34143 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-06-06

    ... moving violations in a CMV. Daniel G. Cohen Mr. Cohen, 62, has had a complete loss of vision in his left.... Following an examination in 2012, his ophthalmologist noted, ``In my medical opinion, Mr. Cohen passes all... vision to perform the driving tasks required to operate a commercial vehicle.'' Mr. Cohen reported that...

  16. 77 FR 545 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-01-05

    .... Note that DOT posts all comments received without change to http://www.regulations.gov , including any... meet the vision exemption requirements. These factors provide an adequate basis for predicting each... CODE 4910-EX-P ...

  17. Low Vision Driving with Bioptics: An Overview

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Huss, Chuck; Corn, Anne

    2004-01-01

    This article presents an overview of driving for adolescents and adults who meet their states' visual requirements for low vision driving using bioptic lenses. It also discusses the outcomes of two studies of bioptic driver education.

  18. Noise and contrast comparison of visual and infrared images of hazards as seen inside an automobile

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Meitzler, Thomas J.; Bryk, Darryl; Sohn, Eui J.; Lane, Kimberly; Bednarz, David; Jusela, Daniel; Ebenstein, Samuel; Smith, Gregory H.; Rodin, Yelena; Rankin, James S., II; Samman, Amer M.

    2000-06-01

    The purpose of this experiment was to quantitatively measure driver performance for detecting potential road hazards in visual and infrared (IR) imagery of road scenes containing varying combinations of contrast and noise. This pilot test is a first step toward comparing various IR and visual sensors and displays for the purpose of an enhanced vision system to go inside the driver compartment. Visible and IR road imagery obtained was displayed on a large screen and on a PC monitor and subject response times were recorded. Based on the response time, detection probabilities were computed and compared to the known time of occurrence of a driving hazard. The goal was to see what combinations of sensor, contrast and noise enable subjects to have a higher detection probability of potential driving hazards.

  19. 78 FR 24798 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-04-26

    ... exceeded the speed limit by 13 mph. Marcus R. Watkins Mr. Watkins, 50, has had a retinal detachment in his... vision to perform driving tasks required to operate a commercial vehicle.'' Mr. Watkins reported that he...

  20. 75 FR 69737 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-11-15

    ... moving violations in a CMV. Michael E. Herrera, Jr., Mr. Herrera, 53, has had primary open angle glaucoma... opinion. Mr. Herrera has sufficient vision to drive a commercial vehicle. Mr. Herrera reported that he has...

  1. 49 CFR Appendix to Part 380 - LCV Driver Training Programs, Required Knowledge and Skills

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... streets or roads that have low-density traffic conditions. Section 3—Safe Operating Practices The units in... of the driver. Changes in vehicle safety inspection, vision, communications, speed management, and...

  2. 49 CFR Appendix to Part 380 - LCV Driver Training Programs, Required Knowledge and Skills

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... streets or roads that have low-density traffic conditions. Section 3—Safe Operating Practices The units in... of the driver. Changes in vehicle safety inspection, vision, communications, speed management, and...

  3. 76 FR 25762 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-05-05

    .... Cotner Randel G. Pierce Everett A. Doty Timmy J. Pottenbaum John K. Fank Manuel H. Sanchez Bobby G... revoke the exemption of a driver. Issued on: April 22, 2011. Larry W. Minor, Associate Administrator for...

  4. 78 FR 76707 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-12-18

    ... attests that the vision in the better eye continues to meet the requirements in 49 CFR 391.41(b)(10), and... requested renewal of the exemption and has submitted evidence showing that the vision in the better eye...-2009-0303 and click the search button. When the new screen appears, click on the blue ``Comment Now...

  5. 78 FR 76705 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-12-18

    ... optometrist who attests that the vision in the better eye continues to meet the requirements in 49 CFR 391.41... requested renewal of the exemption and has submitted evidence showing that the vision in the better eye... screen appears, click on the blue ``Comment Now!'' button on the right hand side of the page. On the new...

  6. 78 FR 67460 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-11-12

    ... examination every year (a) by an ophthalmologist or optometrist who attests that the vision in the better eye... better eye continues to meet the requirement specified at 49 CFR 391.41(b)(10) and that the vision... on the blue ``Comment Now!'' button on the right hand side of the page. On the new page, enter...

  7. 78 FR 63301 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-10-23

    ... attests that the vision in the better eye continues to meet the requirements in 49 CFR 391.41(b)(10), and... better eye continues to meet the requirement specified at 49 CFR 391.41(b)(10) and that the vision... FMCSA-2011-0141 and click the search button. When the new screen appears, click on the blue ``Comment...

  8. 78 FR 66099 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-11-04

    ... every year (a) by an ophthalmologist or optometrist who attests that the vision in the better eye... showing that the vision in the better eye continues to meet the requirement specified at 49 CFR 391.41(b... click the search button. When the new screen appears, click on the blue ``Comment Now!'' button on the...

  9. 78 FR 67462 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-11-12

    ... ophthalmologist or optometrist who attests that the vision in the better eye continues to meet the requirements in... the exemption and has submitted evidence showing that the vision in the better eye continues to meet..., click on the blue ``Comment Now!'' button on the right hand side of the page. On the new page, enter...

  10. 77 FR 27847 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-05-11

    ... vision in his right eye due to a traumatic injury sustained at age 14. The best corrected visual acuity... CMV. John C. Smith Mr. Smith, 54, has a prosthetic right eye due to a traumatic injury sustained in... CMV. John F. Lynch Mr. Lynch, 35, has complete loss of vision in his left eye due to a traumatic...

  11. 77 FR 15184 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-03-14

    ... vision in his right eye due to a traumatic injury sustained in 1998. The best corrected visual acuity in.... Brooks Mr. Brooks, 61, has had complete loss of vision in his right eye due to a traumatic injury.... Donald J. Garrison Mr. Garrison, 67, has a corneal scar in his right eye due to a traumatic injury...

  12. 77 FR 33017 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-06-04

    ... complete loss of vision in his left eye due to a traumatic injury sustained at age 29. The best corrected... traumatic injury sustained in 1981. The best corrected visual acuity in his right eye is finger count vision... left eye due to a traumatic incident sustained 25 years ago. The best corrected visual acuity in his...

  13. Driving habits in older patients with central vision loss.

    PubMed

    Sengupta, Sabyasachi; van Landingham, Suzanne W; Solomon, Sharon D; Do, Diana V; Friedman, David S; Ramulu, Pradeep Y

    2014-03-01

    To determine if central visual loss is associated with driving cessation, driving restriction, or other-driver preference. Cross-sectional study. Sixty-four subjects with bilateral visual loss (<20/32 in better eye) or severe unilateral visual loss (<20/200) from age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and 58 normally sighted controls between 60 and 80 years of age. Participants self-reported driving habits. Other-driver preference was defined as preferring that another drive when there is more than 1 driver in the car. Subjects reporting 2 or more driving limitations were considered to have restricted their driving. Self-reported driving cessation, other-driver preference, and driving restriction. Age-related macular degeneration subjects were older (74.7 vs. 69.7 years), had worse visual acuity (VA; mean better-eye VA, 0.43 vs. 0.08 logarithm of minimum angle of resolution [logMAR]) and contrast sensitivity (CS; 1.4 vs. 1.9 log units of CS [logCS]), and were more likely to be white when compared with controls (P<0.001 for all). Drivers with AMD-related vision loss were more likely to avoid driving over longer distances, beyond 1 hour, at night, and in unfamiliar conditions (P < 0.05 for all). In multivariate models, driving cessation was associated with worse better-eye VA (odds ratio [OR], 1.5 per 1-line decrement in VA; P<0.001) and worse binocular CS (OR, 1.36 per 0.1 logCS increment; P = 0.005); however, AMD group status was not associated with driving cessation (OR, 1.9; P = 0.35). Factors predicting driving restriction were AMD (OR, 9.0; P = 0.004), worse vision (OR, 2.5 per line of VA loss; P<0.001), lower CS (OR, 2.2 per 0.1-logCS increment; P<0.001), and female gender (OR, 27.9; P = 0.002). Other-driver preference was more common with worse vision (OR, 1.6 per 0.1-logMAR increment; P = 0.003), female gender (OR, 4.5; P = 0.02), and being married (OR, 3.8; P = 0.04). Most patients with AMD-related central vision loss continue to drive, but demonstrate significant driving restrictions, especially with more severe VA and CS loss. Future work should determine which driving adaptations the visually impaired best balance safety and independence. Copyright © 2014 American Academy of Ophthalmology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  14. 77 FR 543 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-01-05

    ... the docket number for this notice. Note that DOT posts all comments received without change to http... continues to meet the vision exemption requirements. These factors provide an adequate basis for predicting...:45 am] BILLING CODE 4910-EX-P ...

  15. 76 FR 29026 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-05-19

    ... include the Agency name and the docket number for this notice. Note that DOT posts all comments received... continues to meet the vision exemption standards. These factors provide an adequate basis for predicting... am] BILLING CODE 4910-EX-P ...

  16. 76 FR 25766 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-05-05

    ..., age 51, has loss of vision in his left eye due to a traumatic injury that occurred in 2002. The best.... Mr. Dean, 67, has complete loss of vision in his right eye due to a traumatic injury sustained as a.... Smith Harry, Jr. Mr. Harry, 41, has a prosthetic right eye due to a traumatic injury sustained during...

  17. Visual functions of commercial drivers in relation to road accidents in Nigeria

    PubMed Central

    Oladehinde, M. K.; Adeoye, A. O.; Adegbehingbe, B. O.; Onakoya, A. O.

    2007-01-01

    Objective: To determine the effects of the visual functions on the occurrence of road traffic accidents (RTA) amongst commercial drivers in Ife central local government area (LGA) of Osun state of Nigeria. Design: A cross-sectional study. Settings: Four major motor parks located at Ife Central LGA. Materials and Methods: Of the estimated 270 commercial drivers in the four major parks of the LGA, 215 consecutive drivers were interviewed and had their eyes examined. Structured questionnaires were administered by an ophthalmologist. Results: The prevalence of visual impairment (visual acuity < 6/18) in the better eye without correction was 3.3% ± 2.4 and there was a significant association between uncorrected visual acuity impairment in the better eye and RTA (P = 0.0152). Refractive error was seen in 8.4% of the drivers, but none of these wear corrective glasses. Visual field defect, abnormal stereopsis and color vision impairment did not have any significant association with RTA. Conclusion: Poor visual acuity is strongly associated with RTA amongst Nigerian commercial drivers as opposed to visual field defect, abnormal color vision and stereopsis. A significant proportion of visual impairment was due to uncorrected refractive errors. PMID:21938219

  18. Comparison of visual status of Iranian military and commercial drivers.

    PubMed

    Ghasemi, Mohammad; Hoseini Yazdi, Seyed Hosein; Heravian, Javad; Jafarzadehpur, Ebrahim; Rezaee, Maryam

    2015-04-01

    There is no legal requirement for Iranian military truck drivers to undergo regular visual checkups as compared to commercial truck drivers. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of drivers' visual checkups by comparing the visual function of Iranian military and commercial truck drivers. In this comparative cross-sectional study, two hundred military and 200 commercial truck drivers were recruited and their Visual Acuity (VA), Visual Field (VF), color vision and Contrast Sensitivity (CS) were assessed and compared using the Snellen chart, confrontation screening method, D15 test and Pelli-Robson letter chart, respectively. A questionnaire regarding driving exposure and history of motor-vehicle crashes (MVCs) was also filled by drivers. Results were analyzed using an independent samples t-test, one-way ANOVA (assessing difference in number of MVCs across different age groups), chi-square test and Pearson correlation at statistical significance level of P < 0.05. Mean age was 41.6 ± 9.2 for the military truck drivers and 43.4 ± 10.9 for commercial truck drivers (P > 0.05). No significant difference between military and commercial drivers was found in terms of driving experience, number of MVCs, binocular VA, frequency of color vision defects and CS scores. In contrast, the last ocular examination was significantly earlier in military drivers than commercial drivers (P < 0.001). In addition, 4% of military drivers did not meet the national standards to drive as opposed to 2% of commercial drivers. There was a significant but weak correlation between binocular VA and age (r = 0.175, P < 0.001). However, CS showed a significantly moderate correlation with age (r = -0.488, P < 0.001). The absence of legal requirement for regular eye examination in military drivers caused the incompetent drivers to be missed in contrast to commercial drivers. The need for scientific revision of VA standard for Iranian drivers is also discussed. The CS measurement in visual checkups of older drivers deserves to be investigated more thoroughly.

  19. 75 FR 19674 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-04-15

    ... posts all comments received without change to http://www.regulations.gov , including any personal... applicant continues to meet the vision exemption standards. These factors provide an adequate basis for...-8646 Filed 4-14-10; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 4910-EX-P ...

  20. Vehicle kinematics in turns and the role of cornering lamps in driver vision.

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2010-11-01

    "SAE Recommended Practice J852 and ECE Regulations 119 and 48 for cornering lamps : were compared. Photometric points described in each specification were then compared : to naturalistic low-speed turn trajectories produced by 87 drivers. Future loca...

  1. 75 FR 50797 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Diabetes Mellitus

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-08-17

    ... disqualifying conditions, including diabetes-related complications. Each meets the vision standard at 49 CFR 391... episodes of severe hypoglycemia, significant complications, or inability to manage diabetes; also, any...-2010-0162] Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Diabetes Mellitus AGENCY: Federal Motor...

  2. 76 FR 18824 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-04-05

    ... vision in his left eye due to a traumatic injury that occurred in 1978. The visual acuity in his right..., has had complete loss of vision in his right eye due to a traumatic injury that occurred in 1999. The... speed limit by 10 mph. James O. Cook Mr. Cook, 62, has a central scar in his left eye due to a traumatic...

  3. 75 FR 28684 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Diabetes Mellitus

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-05-21

    ... diabetes-related complications. Each meets the vision standard at 49 CFR 391.41(b)(10). The qualifications... hypoglycemia, significant complications, or inability to manage diabetes; also, any involvement in an accident...-2010-0051] Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Diabetes Mellitus AGENCY: Federal Motor...

  4. 75 FR 77952 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Diabetes Mellitus

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-12-14

    ..., including diabetes-related complications. Each meets the vision standard at 49 CFR 391.41(b)(10). The... episodes of severe hypoglycemia, significant complications, or inability to manage diabetes; also, any...-2010-0328] Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Diabetes Mellitus AGENCY: Federal Motor...

  5. 75 FR 38598 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Diabetes Mellitus

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-07-02

    ... diabetes-related complications. Each meets the vision standard at 49 CFR 391.41(b)(10). The qualifications... hypoglycemia, significant complications, or inability to manage diabetes; also, any involvement in an accident...-2010-0115] Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Diabetes Mellitus AGENCY: Federal Motor...

  6. 75 FR 4622 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Diabetes

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-01-28

    ... diabetes-related complications. Each meets the vision standard at 49 CFR 391.41(b)(10). The qualifications... hypoglycemia, significant complications, or inability to manage diabetes; also, any involvement in an accident...-2009-0290] Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Diabetes AGENCY: Federal Motor Carrier...

  7. Vision, Training Hours, and Road Testing Results in Bioptic Drivers

    PubMed Central

    Dougherty, Bradley E.; Flom, Roanne E.; Bullimore, Mark A.; Raasch, Thomas W.

    2015-01-01

    Purpose Bioptic telescopic spectacles (BTS) can be used by people with central visual acuity that does not meet the state standards to obtain an unrestricted driver’s license. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among visual and demographic factors, training hours, and the results of road testing for bioptic drivers. Methods A retrospective study of patients who received an initial daylight bioptic examination at the Ohio State University and subsequently received a bioptic license was conducted. Data were collected on vision including visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and visual field. Hours of driver training and results of Highway Patrol road testing were extracted from records. Relationships among vision, training hours, and road testing were analyzed. Results Ninety-seven patients who completed a vision examination between 2004 and 2008 and received daylight licensure with BTS were included. Results of the first Highway Patrol road test were available for 74 patients. The median interquartile range (IQR) hours of training prior to road testing was 21±17 hours, (range of 9 to 75 hours). Candidates without previous licensure were younger (p< 0.001) and had more documented training (p< 0.001). Lack of previous licensure and more training were significantly associated with having failed a portion of the Highway Patrol test and points deducted on the road test. Conclusions New bioptic drivers without previous non-bioptic driving experience required more training and performed more poorly on road testing for licensure than those who had previous non-bioptic licensure. No visual factor was predictive of road testing results after adjustment for previous experience. The hours of training received remained predictive of road testing outcome even with adjustment for previous experience. These results suggest that previous experience and trainer assessments should be investigated as potential predictors of road safety in bioptic drivers in future studies. PMID:25946098

  8. A robotic wheelchair trainer: design overview and a feasibility study

    PubMed Central

    2010-01-01

    Background Experiencing independent mobility is important for children with a severe movement disability, but learning to drive a powered wheelchair can be labor intensive, requiring hand-over-hand assistance from a skilled therapist. Methods To improve accessibility to training, we developed a robotic wheelchair trainer that steers itself along a course marked by a line on the floor using computer vision, haptically guiding the driver's hand in appropriate steering motions using a force feedback joystick, as the driver tries to catch a mobile robot in a game of "robot tag". This paper provides a detailed design description of the computer vision and control system. In addition, we present data from a pilot study in which we used the chair to teach children without motor impairment aged 4-9 (n = 22) to drive the wheelchair in a single training session, in order to verify that the wheelchair could enable learning by the non-impaired motor system, and to establish normative values of learning rates. Results and Discussion Training with haptic guidance from the robotic wheelchair trainer improved the steering ability of children without motor impairment significantly more than training without guidance. We also report the results of a case study with one 8-year-old child with a severe motor impairment due to cerebral palsy, who replicated the single-session training protocol that the non-disabled children participated in. This child also improved steering ability after training with guidance from the joystick by an amount even greater than the children without motor impairment. Conclusions The system not only provided a safe, fun context for automating driver's training, but also enhanced motor learning by the non-impaired motor system, presumably by demonstrating through intuitive movement and force of the joystick itself exemplary control to follow the course. The case study indicates that a child with a motor system impaired by CP can also gain a short-term benefit from driver's training with haptic guidance. PMID:20707886

  9. A robotic wheelchair trainer: design overview and a feasibility study.

    PubMed

    Marchal-Crespo, Laura; Furumasu, Jan; Reinkensmeyer, David J

    2010-08-13

    Experiencing independent mobility is important for children with a severe movement disability, but learning to drive a powered wheelchair can be labor intensive, requiring hand-over-hand assistance from a skilled therapist. To improve accessibility to training, we developed a robotic wheelchair trainer that steers itself along a course marked by a line on the floor using computer vision, haptically guiding the driver's hand in appropriate steering motions using a force feedback joystick, as the driver tries to catch a mobile robot in a game of "robot tag". This paper provides a detailed design description of the computer vision and control system. In addition, we present data from a pilot study in which we used the chair to teach children without motor impairment aged 4-9 (n = 22) to drive the wheelchair in a single training session, in order to verify that the wheelchair could enable learning by the non-impaired motor system, and to establish normative values of learning rates. Training with haptic guidance from the robotic wheelchair trainer improved the steering ability of children without motor impairment significantly more than training without guidance. We also report the results of a case study with one 8-year-old child with a severe motor impairment due to cerebral palsy, who replicated the single-session training protocol that the non-disabled children participated in. This child also improved steering ability after training with guidance from the joystick by an amount even greater than the children without motor impairment. The system not only provided a safe, fun context for automating driver's training, but also enhanced motor learning by the non-impaired motor system, presumably by demonstrating through intuitive movement and force of the joystick itself exemplary control to follow the course. The case study indicates that a child with a motor system impaired by CP can also gain a short-term benefit from driver's training with haptic guidance.

  10. 78 FR 5557 - Twenty-First Meeting: RTCA Special Committee 213, Enhanced Flight Vision Systems/Synthetic Vision...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-01-25

    ... Committee 213, Enhanced Flight Vision Systems/Synthetic Vision Systems (EFVS/SVS) AGENCY: Federal Aviation... 213, Enhanced Flight Vision Systems/Synthetic Vision Systems (EFVS/SVS). SUMMARY: The FAA is issuing..., Enhanced Flight Vision Systems/Synthetic Vision Systems (EFVS/SVS). DATES: The meeting will be held...

  11. 76 FR 79760 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-12-22

    ... posts all comments received without change to http://www.regulations.gov , including any personal... each applicant continues to meet the vision exemption requirements. These factors provide an adequate... Policy. [FR Doc. 2011-32710 Filed 12-21-11; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 4910-EX-P ...

  12. 75 FR 27622 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-05-17

    ... and the docket number for this Notice. Note that DOT posts all comments received without change to... applicant continues to meet the vision exemption standards. These factors provide an adequate basis for...-11713 Filed 5-14-10; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 4910-EX-P ...

  13. 78 FR 57677 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-09-19

    ... posts all comments received without change to http://www.regulations.gov , including any personal... continues to meet the vision exemption requirements. These factors provide an adequate basis for predicting... Policy. [FR Doc. 2013-22775 Filed 9-18-13; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 4910-EX-P ...

  14. 75 FR 66423 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-10-28

    ... renewal of exemptions; request for comments. SUMMARY: FMCSA announces its decision to renew the exemptions... the exemptions for these commercial motor vehicle (CMV) drivers. DATES: This decision is effective... exemption (including renewals) are set out in 49 CFR part 381. Exemption Decision This notice addresses 13...

  15. 77 FR 2342 - Seventeenth Meeting: RTCA Special Committee 213, Enhanced Flight Vision/Synthetic Vision Systems...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-01-17

    ... Committee 213, Enhanced Flight Vision/Synthetic Vision Systems (EFVS/SVS) AGENCY: Federal Aviation..., Enhanced Flight Vision/ Synthetic Vision Systems (EFVS/SVS). SUMMARY: The FAA is issuing this notice to advise the public of the seventeenth meeting of RTCA Special Committee 213, Enhanced Flight Vision...

  16. 75 FR 54957 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-09-09

    ...'Day, William Offord, Paul C. Pallini, Jerry L. Parks, Douglas L. Peterson, Charles D. Settles, Raeford..., Michael J. Peschong, Harry W. Richards, David Smith, Jeffrey M. Thorpe, Charles Watts, Donald Wright The... the vision deficiency: James R. Bodine, Robert L. Borsh, Larry E. Carter, Albert M. DiVella, Steven...

  17. 75 FR 47886 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-08-09

    ... factors. These factors--such as age, sex, geographic location, mileage driven and conviction history--are... recognize that the vision of an applicant may change and affect his/her ability to operate a CMV as safely... 29, 2010. Larry W. Minor, Associate Administrator for Policy and Program Development. [FR Doc. 2010...

  18. 77 FR 70530 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Diabetes Mellitus

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-11-26

    ... from 27 individuals for exemption from the prohibition against persons with insulin-treated diabetes... his diabetes using insulin, and is able to drive a CMV safely. Mr. Anderson meets the vision... using insulin, and is able to drive a CMV safely. Mr. Badertscher meets the vision requirements of 49...

  19. 77 FR 3547 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-01-24

    ... that we received your comments, please include a self-addressed, stamped envelope or postcard or print... period. Accordingly, FMCSA has evaluated the eight applications on their merits and made a determination... Exemption Determination Under 49 U.S.C. 31136(e) and 31315, FMCSA may grant an exemption from the vision...

  20. 76 FR 12408 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-03-07

    ... your comments, please include a self-addressed, stamped envelope or postcard or print the... period. Accordingly, FMCSA has evaluated the 16 applications on their merits and made a determination to... Exemption Determination Under 49 U.S.C. 31136(e) and 31315, FMCSA may grant an exemption from the vision...

  1. 75 FR 50799 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-08-17

    ... posts all comments received without change to http://www.regulations.gov , including any personal... each applicant continues to meet the vision exemption standards. These factors provide an adequate... Policy and Program Development. [FR Doc. 2010-20226 Filed 8-16-10; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 4910-EX-P ...

  2. 77 FR 539 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-01-05

    ..., please include a self-addressed, stamped envelope or postcard or print the acknowledgment page that..., Rene Amaya has sufficient vision to perform the driving tasks required to operate a commercial vehicle.'' Mr. Amaya reported that he has driven straight trucks for 2 years, accumulating 78,000 miles and...

  3. 75 FR 20881 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-04-21

    ... R. Moore Richard W. Neyens John P. Rodrigues Charles W. Towner, Jr. The exemptions are extended... their merits and decided to extend each exemption for a renewable two-year period. They are: Roy L... driver. Issued on: April 15, 2010. Larry W. Minor, Associate Administrator for Policy and Program...

  4. 75 FR 19676 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Renewals; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-04-15

    ... exemptions for Lee A. Burke, Barton C. Caldara, Allan Darley, Robin S. England, Charles D. Grady, Richard Hailey, Jr., Robert V. Hodges, George R. Knavel, John R. Knott III, Timothy S. Miller, Roger D. Mollak... commercial motor vehicle (CMV) drivers. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Dr. Mary D. Gunnels, Director...

  5. 77 FR 27849 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-05-11

    ...-5748; FMCSA-2001-11426; FMCSA-2002-11714; FMCSA- 2009-0011; FMCSA-2010-0050] Qualification of Drivers... Federal Docket Management System (FDMS) numbers: FMCSA-1999-5748; FMCSA-2001-11426; FMCSA-2002-11714...) Lawrence C. Moody (NJ) Stanley W. Nunn (TN) Bobby C. Spencer (TN) Kevin R. Stoner (PA) The exemptions are...

  6. 78 FR 57679 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-09-19

    ... number for this notice. Note that DOT posts all comments received without change to http://www... requirements. These factors provide an adequate basis for predicting each driver's ability to continue to drive... for Policy. [FR Doc. 2013-22771 Filed 9-18-13; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 4910-EX-P ...

  7. 75 FR 38602 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-07-02

    ... posts all comments received without change to http://www.regulations.gov , including any personal.... These factors provide an adequate basis for predicting each driver's ability to continue to drive safely... Policy and Program Development. [FR Doc. 2010-16180 Filed 7-1-10; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 4910-EX-P ...

  8. 78 FR 16756 - Twenty-Second Meeting: RTCA Special Committee 213, Enhanced Flight Vision Systems/Synthetic...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-03-18

    ... Committee 213, Enhanced Flight Vision Systems/Synthetic Vision Systems (EFVS/SVS) AGENCY: Federal Aviation... 213, Enhanced Flight Vision Systems/Synthetic Vision Systems (EFVS/SVS). SUMMARY: The FAA is issuing..., Enhanced Flight Vision Systems/Synthetic Vision Systems (EFVS/SVS). DATES: The meeting will be held April...

  9. 78 FR 55774 - Twenty Fourth Meeting: RTCA Special Committee 213, Enhanced Flight Vision Systems/Synthetic...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-09-11

    ... Committee 213, Enhanced Flight Vision Systems/Synthetic Vision Systems (EFVS/SVS) AGENCY: Federal Aviation... 213, Enhanced Flight Vision Systems/Synthetic Vision Systems (EFVS/SVS). SUMMARY: The FAA is issuing..., Enhanced Flight Vision Systems/Synthetic Vision Systems (EFVS/SVS). DATES: The meeting will be held October...

  10. 75 FR 17202 - Eighth Meeting: Joint RTCA Special Committee 213: EUROCAE WG-79: Enhanced Flight Vision Systems...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-04-05

    ... Committee 213: EUROCAE WG-79: Enhanced Flight Vision Systems/Synthetic Vision Systems (EFVS/SVS) AGENCY...-79: Enhanced Flight Vision Systems/Synthetic Vision Systems (EFVS/SVS). SUMMARY: The FAA is issuing...: Enhanced Flight Vision Systems/Synthetic Vision Systems (EFVS/SVS). DATES: The meeting will be held April...

  11. 76 FR 11847 - Thirteenth Meeting: Joint RTCA Special Committee 213: EUROCAE WG-79: Enhanced Flight Vision...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-03-03

    ... Special Committee 213: EUROCAE WG- 79: Enhanced Flight Vision Systems/Synthetic Vision Systems (EFVS/SVS... Joint RTCA Special Committee 213: EUROCAE WG-79: Enhanced Flight Vision Systems/Synthetic Vision Systems... Special Committee 213: EUROCAE WG-79: Enhanced Flight Vision Systems/Synthetic Vision Systems (EFVS/SVS...

  12. 76 FR 20437 - Fourteenth Meeting: Joint RTCA Special Committee 213: EUROCAE WG-79: Enhanced Flight Vision...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-04-12

    ... Special Committee 213: EUROCAE WG- 79: Enhanced Flight Vision Systems/Synthetic Vision Systems (EFVS/SVS... Joint RTCA Special Committee 213: EUROCAE WG-79: Enhanced Flight Vision Systems/Synthetic Vision Systems... Special Committee 213: EUROCAE WG-79: Enhanced Flight Vision Systems/Synthetic Vision Systems (EFVS/SVS...

  13. 75 FR 44306 - Eleventh Meeting: Joint RTCA Special Committee 213: EUROCAE WG-79: Enhanced Flight Vision Systems...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-07-28

    ... Committee 213: EUROCAE WG- 79: Enhanced Flight Vision Systems/Synthetic Vision Systems (EFVS/SVS) AGENCY... Special Committee 213: EUROCAE WG-79: Enhanced Flight Vision Systems/Synthetic Vision Systems (EFVS/SVS... 213: EUROCAE WG-79: Enhanced Flight Vision Systems/Synthetic Vision Systems (EFVS/SVS). DATES: The...

  14. 75 FR 71183 - Twelfth Meeting: Joint RTCA Special Committee 213: EUROCAE WG-79: Enhanced Flight Vision Systems...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-11-22

    ... Committee 213: EUROCAE WG-79: Enhanced Flight Vision Systems/Synthetic Vision Systems (EFVS/SVS) AGENCY... Committee 213: EUROCAE WG-79: Enhanced Flight Vision Systems/Synthetic Vision Systems (EFVS/SVS). SUMMARY...: EUROCAE WG-79: Enhanced Flight Vision Systems/Synthetic Vision Systems (EFVS/SVS). DATES: The meeting will...

  15. Comparison of Visual Status of Iranian Military and Commercial Drivers

    PubMed Central

    Ghasemi, Mohammad; Hoseini Yazdi, Seyed Hosein; Heravian, Javad; Jafarzadehpur, Ebrahim; Rezaee, Maryam

    2015-01-01

    Background: There is no legal requirement for Iranian military truck drivers to undergo regular visual checkups as compared to commercial truck drivers. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of drivers’ visual checkups by comparing the visual function of Iranian military and commercial truck drivers. Patients and Methods: In this comparative cross-sectional study, two hundred military and 200 commercial truck drivers were recruited and their Visual Acuity (VA), Visual Field (VF), color vision and Contrast Sensitivity (CS) were assessed and compared using the Snellen chart, confrontation screening method, D15 test and Pelli-Robson letter chart, respectively. A questionnaire regarding driving exposure and history of motor-vehicle crashes (MVCs) was also filled by drivers. Results were analyzed using an independent samples t-test, one-way ANOVA (assessing difference in number of MVCs across different age groups), chi-square test and Pearson correlation at statistical significance level of P < 0.05. Results: Mean age was 41.6 ± 9.2 for the military truck drivers and 43.4 ± 10.9 for commercial truck drivers (P > 0.05). No significant difference between military and commercial drivers was found in terms of driving experience, number of MVCs, binocular VA, frequency of color vision defects and CS scores. In contrast, the last ocular examination was significantly earlier in military drivers than commercial drivers (P < 0.001). In addition, 4% of military drivers did not meet the national standards to drive as opposed to 2% of commercial drivers. There was a significant but weak correlation between binocular VA and age (r = 0.175, P < 0.001). However, CS showed a significantly moderate correlation with age (r = -0.488, P < 0.001). Conclusions: The absence of legal requirement for regular eye examination in military drivers caused the incompetent drivers to be missed in contrast to commercial drivers. The need for scientific revision of VA standard for Iranian drivers is also discussed. The CS measurement in visual checkups of older drivers deserves to be investigated more thoroughly. PMID:26023333

  16. Driving Responses of Older and Younger Drivers in a Driving Simulator

    PubMed Central

    Fildes, Brian; Charlton, Judith; Muir, Carlyn; Koppel, Sjaanie

    2007-01-01

    This paper reports the findings of a study of younger and older driver behaviour to hazardous traffic manoeuvres in a driving simulator. Hazardous situations on a highway and residential drive were studied and drivers’ vision and vehicle performance responses were collected. While all drivers were able to avoid crashes, the finding that older drivers were consistently slower to fixate hazardous stimuli in the driving environment and were slower to respond presents a potentially serious road safety concern. Further research is warranted, especially under conditions of increasing traffic complexity. PMID:18184513

  17. 77 FR 16890 - Eighteenth Meeting: RTCA Special Committee 213, Enhanced Flight Visions Systems/Synthetic Vision...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-03-22

    ... Committee 213, Enhanced Flight Visions Systems/Synthetic Vision Systems (EFVS/SVS) AGENCY: Federal Aviation... 213, Enhanced Flight Visions Systems/Synthetic Vision Systems (EFVS/SVS). SUMMARY: The FAA is issuing... Flight Visions Systems/Synthetic Vision Systems (EFVS/SVS). DATES: The meeting will be held April 17-19...

  18. 77 FR 56254 - Twentieth Meeting: RTCA Special Committee 213, Enhanced Flight Vision Systems/Synthetic Vision...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-09-12

    ... Committee 213, Enhanced Flight Vision Systems/Synthetic Vision Systems (EFVS/SVS) AGENCY: Federal Aviation... 213, Enhanced Flight Vision Systems/Synthetic Vision Systems (EFVS/SVS). SUMMARY: The FAA is issuing... Flight Vision Systems/Synthetic Vision Systems (EFVS/SVS). DATES: The meeting will be held October 2-4...

  19. Quality and future of clinical laboratories: the Vico's whole cyclical theory of the recurring cycles.

    PubMed

    Plebani, Mario

    2018-05-24

    In the last few decades, laboratory medicine has undergone monumental changes, and laboratory technology, which has made enormous advances, now has new clinical applications thanks to the identification of a growing number of biomarkers and risk factors conducive to the promotion of predictive and preventive interventions that have enhanced the role of laboratory medicine in health care delivering. However, the paradigm shift in the past 50 years has led to a gap between laboratory and clinic, with an increased risk of inappropriateness in test request and interpretation, as well as the consolidation of analytical work in focused factories and megastructurers oriented only toward achieving greater volumes, decreasing cost per test and generating a vision of laboratory services as simple commodities. A careful historical revision of the changing models for delivering laboratory services in the United States leads to the prediction that there are several reasons for counteracting the vision of clinical laboratory as a commodity, and restoring the true nature of laboratory services as an integral part of the diagnosis and therapy process. The present study, which reports on internal and external drivers for change, proposes an integrated vision of quality in laboratory medicine.

  20. 77 FR 74730 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-12-17

    .... Mail: Docket Management Facility; U.S. Department of Transportation, 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE., West... comment, if submitted on behalf of an association, business, labor union, etc.). You may review DOT's...: Background Under 49 U.S.C. 31136(e) and 31315, FMCSA may renew an exemption from the vision requirements in...

  1. 78 FR 77777 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-12-24

    ... vision requirement if the exemptions will provide a level of safety that is equivalent to or greater than... Alex M. Long Charles McDonald Kenneth C. Mead Abdelkhaleq R. Muhammad Eduardo Nunez Michael J... suspension during the 3-year period: Buck J. Barney Charles R. Edwards The following applicant, Victor A...

  2. 75 FR 22179 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Renewals; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-04-27

    ... Federal vision exemptions for Alberto Blanco, Michael B. Canedy, Larry A. Cossin, Charles W. Cox, Gary W. Ellis, Dennis J. Evers, Hector O. Flores, W. Roger Goold, Lee Guse, Steven W. Halsey, Clifford J. Harris, John C. Henricks, Thomas M. Leadbitter, John L. Lewis, Jonathan P. Lovel, Kent S. Reining, Enrique G...

  3. 76 FR 55463 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-09-07

    ... coupled with other factors. These factors, such as age, sex, geographic location, mileage driven and... 10, 2011 (76 FR 34136). We recognize that the vision of an applicant may change and affect his/her... procedures in effect at that time. Issued on: August 29, 2011. Larry W. Minor, Associate Administrator Office...

  4. 77 FR 10608 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-02-22

    ... proneness from crash history coupled with other factors. These factors--such as age, sex, geographic... the notice of January 5, 2012 (77 FR 539). We recognize that the vision of an applicant may change and... that time. Issued on: February 10, 2012. Larry W. Minor, Associate Administrator for Policy. [FR Doc...

  5. 77 FR 27850 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-05-11

    ... proneness from crash history coupled with other factors. These factors--such as age, sex, geographic... notice of March 14, 2012 (77 FR 15184). We recognize that the vision of an applicant may change and... that time. Issued on: April 30, 2012. Larry W. Minor, Associate Administrator for Policy. [FR Doc. 2012...

  6. 77 FR 71671 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-12-03

    ... coupled with other factors. These factors--such as age, sex, geographic location, mileage driven and... recognize that the vision of an applicant may change and affect his/her ability to operate a CMV as safely... under procedures in effect at that time. Issued on: November 23, 2012. Larry W. Minor, Associate...

  7. 77 FR 17117 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-03-23

    ... coupled with other factors. These factors--such as age, sex, geographic location, mileage driven and... recognize that the vision of an applicant may change and affect his/her ability to operate a CMV as safely.... Larry W. Minor, Associate Administration for Policy. [FR Doc. 2012-7084 Filed 3-22-12; 8:45 am] BILLING...

  8. 77 FR 59245 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-09-26

    ... with other factors. These factors--such as age, sex, geographic location, mileage driven and conviction... recognize that the vision of an applicant may change and affect his/her ability to operate a CMV as safely... in effect at that time. Issued on: September 19, 2012. Larry W. Minor, Associate Administrator for...

  9. 77 FR 71669 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-12-03

    ... proneness from crash history coupled with other factors. These factors--such as age, sex, geographic... notice of September 26, 2012 (77 FR 59248). We recognize that the vision of an applicant may change and.... Minor, Associate Administrator for Policy. [FR Doc. 2012-29161 Filed 11-30-12; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE...

  10. 78 FR 9772 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-02-11

    ... coupled with other factors. These factors--such as age, sex, geographic location, mileage driven and... 70534). We recognize that the vision of an applicant may change and affect his/her ability to operate a...: January 30, 2013. Larry W. Minor, Associate Administrator for Policy. [FR Doc. 2013-02991 Filed 2-8-13; 8...

  11. 77 FR 31427 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-05-25

    ... predicting crash proneness from crash history coupled with other factors. These factors--such as age, sex... the notice of April 6, 2012 (77 FR 20879). We recognize that the vision of an applicant may change and... for a renewal under procedures in effect at that time. Issued on: May 16, 2012. Larry W. Minor...

  12. 77 FR 70534 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-11-26

    ... one eye for various reasons. The exemptions will enable these individuals to operate commercial motor vehicles (CMVs) in interstate commerce without meeting the prescribed vision requirement in one eye. If... amblyopia in his right eye since birth. The best corrected visual acuity in his right eye is 20/50, and in...

  13. 77 FR 13686 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Diabetes Mellitus

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-03-07

    ... exemption from the prohibition against persons with insulin-treated diabetes mellitus (ITDM) operating... his diabetes using insulin, and is able to drive a CMV safely. Mr. Acevedo meets the vision... insulin, and is able to drive a CMV safely. Mr. Baughn meets the vision requirements of 49 CFR 391.41(b...

  14. 78 FR 63285 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Diabetes Mellitus

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-10-23

    ... against persons with insulin- treated diabetes mellitus (ITDM) operating commercial motor vehicles (CMVs... diabetes using insulin, and is able to drive a CMV safely. Mr. Adams meets the requirements of the vision... using insulin, and is able to drive a CMV safely. Mr. Allee meets the requirements of the vision...

  15. 77 FR 52391 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-08-29

    ... that we received your comments, please include a self-addressed, stamped envelope or postcard or print... period. Accordingly, FMCSA has evaluated the 13 applications on their merits and made a determination to... Determination Under 49 U.S.C. 31136(e) and 31315, FMCSA may grant an exemption from the vision requirement in 49...

  16. 77 FR 51846 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-08-27

    ... acknowledgement that we received your comments, please include a self- addressed, stamped envelope or postcard or... period. Accordingly, FMCSA has evaluated the 10 applications on their merits and made a determination to... Determination Under 49 U.S.C. 31136(e) and 31315, FMCSA may grant an exemption from the vision requirement in 49...

  17. 78 FR 12811 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-02-25

    ... that we received your comments, please include a self-addressed, stamped envelope or postcard or print... applications on their merits and made a determination to grant exemptions to each of them. Vision and Driving...). Basis for Exemption Determination Under 49 U.S.C. 31136(e) and 31315, FMCSA may grant an exemption from...

  18. 76 FR 29024 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-05-19

    ... that we received your comments, please include a self-addressed, stamped envelope or postcard or print... period. Accordingly, FMCSA has evaluated the 16 applications on their merits and made a determination to... Determination Under 49 U.S.C. 31136(e) and 31315, FMCSA may grant an exemption from the vision standard in 49...

  19. 76 FR 1499 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-01-10

    ... that we received your comments, please include a self-addressed, stamped envelope or postcard or print... period. Accordingly, FMCSA has evaluated the 15 applications on their merits and made a determination to... Exemption Determination Under 49 U.S.C. 31136(e) and 31315, FMCSA may grant an exemption from the vision...

  20. 76 FR 20078 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-04-11

    ... acknowledgment that we received your comments, please include a self-addressed, stamped envelope or postcard or... period. Accordingly, FMCSA has evaluated the 19 applications on their merits and made a determination to... Exemption Determination Under 49 U.S.C. 31136(e) and 31315, FMCSA may grant an exemption from the vision...

  1. 77 FR 65933 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-10-31

    ... that we received your comments, please include a self-addressed, stamped envelope or postcard or print... period. Accordingly, FMCSA has evaluated the 7 applications on their merits and made a determination to... Exemption Determination Under 49 U.S.C. 31136(e) and 31315, FMCSA may grant an exemption from the vision...

  2. 78 FR 22602 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-04-16

    ... that we received your comments, please include a self-addressed, stamped envelope or postcard or print... applications on their merits and made a determination to grant exemptions to each of them. Vision and Driving..., 2013 notice (78 FR 12815). Basis for Exemption Determination Under 49 U.S.C. 31136(e) and 31315, FMCSA...

  3. 78 FR 12817 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-02-25

    ... that we received your comments, please include a self-addressed, stamped envelope or postcard or print... applications on their merits and made a determination to grant exemptions to each of them. Vision and Driving... January 9, 2013 notice (78 FR 1919). Basis for Exemption Determination Under 49 U.S.C. 31136(e) and 31315...

  4. 78 FR 29431 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-05-20

    ... your comments, please include a self-addressed, stamped envelope or postcard or print the... applications on their merits and made a determination to grant exemptions to each of them. Vision and Driving..., notice (78 FR 16912). Basis for Exemption Determination Under 49 U.S.C. 31136(e) and 31315, FMCSA may...

  5. 78 FR 20379 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-04-04

    ... that we received your comments, please include a self-addressed, stamped envelope or postcard or print... applications on their merits and made a determination to grant exemptions to each of them. Vision and Driving... detail in the February 13, 2013, notice (78 FR 10251). Basis for Exemption Determination Under 49 U.S.C...

  6. 76 FR 53710 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-08-29

    ... your comments, please include a self-addressed, stamped envelope or postcard or print the... the 9 applications on their merits and made a determination to grant exemptions to each of them... Determination Under 49 U.S.C. 31136(e) and 31315, FMCSA may grant an exemption from the vision standard in 49...

  7. 76 FR 73769 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-11-29

    ... moving violations in a CMV. Mark A. Ferris Mr. Ferris, 55, has had amblyopia in his left eye since... an examination in 2011, his optometrist noted, ``In my professional opinion, Mr. Ferris has more than sufficient vision to perform the driving tasks required to operate any commercial motor vehicle.'' Mr. Ferris...

  8. 75 FR 75542 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Renewals; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-12-03

    ... of the 21 renewal applications, FMCSA renews the Federal vision exemptions for Paul G. Albrecht..., Michael J. Paul, Russell A. Payne, Rodney M. Pegg, Raymond E. Peterson, Zbigniew P. Pietranik, John C. Rodriguez, Terrance L. Trautman, Charles E. Wood, and Joseph F. Wood. In accordance with 49 U.S.C. 31136(e...

  9. 76 FR 8809 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-02-15

    ... include the Agency name and the docket number for this notice. Note that DOT posts all comments received.... These factors provide an adequate basis for predicting each driver's ability to continue to drive safely..., Office of Policy. [FR Doc. 2011-3268 Filed 2-14-11; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 4910-EX-P ...

  10. 78 FR 14410 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-03-05

    ... Agency name and the docket number for this notice. Note that DOT posts all comments received without... requirements. These factors provide an adequate basis for predicting each driver's ability to continue to drive... for Policy. [FR Doc. 2013-05096 Filed 3-4-13; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 4910-EX-P ...

  11. 77 FR 48590 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-08-14

    .... Note that DOT posts all comments received without change to http://www.regulations.gov , including any.... These factors provide an adequate basis for predicting each driver's ability to continue to drive safely... Administrator for Policy. [FR Doc. 2012-19885 Filed 8-13-12; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 4910-EX-P ...

  12. 75 FR 27621 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-05-17

    ... for this Notice. Note that DOT posts all comments received without change to http://www.regulations.... These factors provide an adequate basis for predicting each driver's ability to continue to drive safely... Policy and Program Development. [FR Doc. 2010-11711 Filed 5-14-10; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 4910-EX-P ...

  13. 76 FR 1493 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-01-10

    ... years shows no crashes and no convictions for moving violations in a CMV. Terry Brown Mr. Brown, 47, has... driver.'' Mr. Brown reported that he has driven straight trucks for 2 years, accumulating 20,000 miles... and no convictions for moving violations in a CMV. Kenneth L. Handy Mr. Handy, 68, has had nuclear...

  14. 75 FR 38863 - Tenth Meeting: Joint RTCA Special Committee 213: EUROCAE WG-79: Enhanced Flight Vision Systems...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-07-06

    ... Committee 213: EUROCAE WG-79: Enhanced Flight Vision Systems/Synthetic Vision Systems (EFVS/SVS) AGENCY...-79: Enhanced Flight Vision Systems/Synthetic Vision Systems (EFVS/SVS). SUMMARY: The FAA is issuing...: Enhanced Flight [[Page 38864

  15. Mature Driver Laws and State Predictors of Motor Vehicle Crash Fatality Rates Among the Elderly: A Cross-sectional Ecological Study.

    PubMed

    Bell, Teresa M; Qiao, Nan; Zarzaur, Ben L

    2015-01-01

    State-level data have indicated that motor vehicle crash (MVC) fatality rates among the elderly vary widely across states. To date, the majority of states have implemented mature driver laws, which often require more frequent license renewals, in-person renewal, and vision testing for drivers above a certain age. We sought to evaluate the impact of mature driver laws on states' MVC fatality rates among the elderly while examining other state-level determinants of MVC-related deaths. We performed a cross-sectional ecological study and modeled state MVC fatality rates for the population over age 65 as a function of state transportation policies and demographic, health system, population health, travel, and climate characteristics using a general linear model. Principal component analysis was used to reduce dimensionality of the data and overcome multicollinearity of state predictor variables. Higher average temperature, higher gas prices, and a greater number of emergency medicine physicians to population size were significantly associated with lower MVC fatality rates. Positive predictors of MVC fatality rates were percentage of population overweight or obese and percentage with college degree over the age of 65. Having any restriction on elderly drivers was associated with a higher MVC fatality rate and no individual component of mature driver laws (shortened renewal cycle, in-person renewal, and vision testing) was significantly associated with lower fatality MVC rates for adults over 65. Mature driver laws are not associated with lower state MVC fatality rates among the elderly.

  16. [Visual abilities of older drivers--review of driving simulator studies].

    PubMed

    Andysz, Aleksandra; Merecz, Dorota

    2012-01-01

    In the member countries of the year Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), one in four people will reach the age of 65 or more by 2030 and their population aged over 80 will triple by 2050. Changes that occur in the demographic structure of developed countries will affect traffic area. Most of the on-road existing solutions is inadequate for older people with diminished cognitive and motor abilities. In this group, difficulties in driving performance are associated with reduced cognitive efficiency, vision and hearing loss, and general psychomotor slowing. The presented review focuses on the studies of a useful field of view, an indicator considered to be a valid predictor of road accidents, divided attention, susceptibility to distraction and visual search strategies. The major questions of these studies were: which vision parameters determine safe driving, what degree of their deterioration causes significant risk and whether there are opportunities for their rehabilitation. The results indicate that older drivers do exhibit vision and attention deficits, but their engagement in a wide range of compensatory behaviors and effective visual search strategies compensate for these deficits. This shows that older drivers cannot be clearly classified as a group of particular risk for causing road traffic accidents. We should not be alarmed by a growing group of active senior drivers. We should rather use the advantages of available methods, including driving simulators, to predict how the traffic environment will look like in the close future and how to make it friendly and safe for everyone.

  17. Visual acuity of commercial motor drivers in Ogun State of Nigeria.

    PubMed

    Onabolu, O O; Bodunde, O T; Otulana, T O; Ajibode, H A; Awodein, O G; Onadipe, O J; Jagun, O A

    2012-12-01

    To objectively assess the visual acuity of commercial motor drivers (CMD) in 3 Local Government Areas (LGA) of Ogun State of Nigeria in order to determine their eligibility to drive. The visual acuities of CMDs in 3 LGAS of Ogun state in Nigeria (selected using a multistage sampling technique) were tested with Snellens acuity charts and the eyes examined with bright pen torches and ophthamoscopes. Visual acuity 6/12 or better in the worse eye was taken as adequate to obtain a driving license. The drivers with worse visual acuities were further examined to find the cause of decreased vision. The visual acuities of 524 drivers were determined and analyzed. Their ages ranged from 19-66 years with a mean of 46.8 ±7.2 years. Two hundred and twenty (41.9%) of the drivers were between 40 and 49 years old. Four hundred and four (77.1%) did not have any form of eye test prior to this study. Four hundred and sixty three drivers (88.4%) were eligible to drive while 61 drivers (11.6%) were not eligible. Decreased visual acuity was caused by refractive error in 22(36.1%), cataract in 19(31.2%), glaucoma in 12(19.7%), corneal scar in 5(8.2%) and posterior segment lesions in 3(4.9%). Objective assessment of vision should be an essential component of licensure. Middle aged and elderly drivers are prone to age related ocular diseases and require reassessment of visual status every 3 years when licenses are renewed.

  18. Design of DroDeASys (Drowsy Detection and Alarming System)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Juvale, Hrishikesh B.; Mahajan, Anant S.; Bhagwat, Ashwin A.; Badiger, Vishal T.; Bhutkar, Ganesh D.; Dhabe, Priyadarshan S.; Dhore, Manikrao L.

    The paper discusses the Drowsy Detection & Alarming System that has been developed, using a non-intrusive approach. The system is basically developed to detect drivers dozing at the wheel at night time driving. The system uses a small infra-red night vision camera that points directly towards the driver`s face and monitors the driver`s eyes in order to detect fatigue. In such a case when fatigue is detected, a warning signal is issued to alert the driver. This paper discusses the algorithms that have been used to detect drowsiness. The decision whether the driver is dozing or not is taken depending on whether the eyes are open for a specific number of frames. If the eyes are found to be closed for a certain number of consecutive frames then the driver is alerted with an alarm.

  19. 77 FR 27845 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-05-11

    ... predicting crash proneness from crash history coupled with other factors. These factors--such as age, sex... March 23, 2012 (77 FR 17109). We recognize that the vision of an applicant may change and affect his/her.... Larry W. Minor, Associate Administrator for Policy. [FR Doc. 2012-11444 Filed 5-10-12; 8:45 am] BILLING...

  20. 77 FR 7233 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-02-10

    .... Knavel (UT) John R. Knott, III (MD) Timothy S. Miller (AZ) Edward D. Pickle (GA) Ezequiel M. Ramirez (TX...: Background Under 49 U.S.C. 31136(e) and 31315, FMCSA may renew an exemption from the vision requirements in... exemption for a renewable two-year period. They are: Lee A. Burke (WI) Barton C. Caldara (WI) Allan Darley...

  1. 78 FR 63290 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-10-23

    ... better eye continues to meet the requirements in 49 CFR 391.41(b)(10), and (b) by a medical examiner who... submitted evidence showing that the vision in the better eye continues to meet the requirement specified at...-2011-0140 and click the search button. When the new screen appears, click on the blue ``Comment Now...

  2. 77 FR 64181 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Diabetes Mellitus

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-10-18

    ... exemption from the prohibition against persons with insulin-treated diabetes mellitus (ITDM) operating... insulin, and is able to drive a CMV safely. Mr. Astle meets the vision requirements of 49 CFR 391.41(b)(10... insulin, and is able to drive a CMV safely. Mr. Faison meets the vision requirements of 49 CFR 391.41(b...

  3. 77 FR 41879 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-07-16

    ... to a traumatic injury sustained in 1994. The best corrected visual acuity in his right eye is 20/60.... Rubeck, 65, has complete loss of vision in his left eye due to a traumatic accident sustained during... CMV. Scott C. Westphal Mr. Westphal, 31, has macular scarring in his right eye due to a traumatic...

  4. 77 FR 20879 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-04-06

    ... loss of vision in his right due to a traumatic injury sustained at age 9. The visual acuity in his left... due to a traumatic injury sustained in 1989. The best corrected visual acuity in his right eye is 20... traumatic injury sustained 10 years ago. The visual acuity in his left eye is 20/20. Following an...

  5. 75 FR 72863 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-11-26

    ..., has had complete loss of vision in his right eye due to a traumatic injury in 1964. The best corrected..., ``While Eugene has suffered traumatic blindness of his right eye his visual field examination and function... injury to his right eye since 1984. The best corrected visual acuity in his right eye is 20/60 and in his...

  6. 75 FR 77942 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-12-14

    ... traumatic injury sustained as a child. The best corrected visual acuity in his right eye is no light.... Shaver, 57, has had traumatic neuropathy in his left eye since childhood due to an injury. The best.... Smith Mr. Smith, 57, has had complete loss of vision in his left eye due to a traumatic injury sustained...

  7. Vision-based algorithms for near-host object detection and multilane sensing

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kenue, Surender K.

    1995-01-01

    Vision-based sensing can be used for lane sensing, adaptive cruise control, collision warning, and driver performance monitoring functions of intelligent vehicles. Current computer vision algorithms are not robust for handling multiple vehicles in highway scenarios. Several new algorithms are proposed for multi-lane sensing, near-host object detection, vehicle cut-in situations, and specifying regions of interest for object tracking. These algorithms were tested successfully on more than 6000 images taken from real-highway scenes under different daytime lighting conditions.

  8. 75 FR 4623 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-01-28

    ... reasons, including amblyopia, optic nerve hyperplasia, retinopathy of prematurity, macular hole, central serous retinopathy, prosthesis, macular degeneration, cataract, extropia, diabetic retinopathy, aphakia...

  9. 76 FR 25764 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-05-05

    ... macular scar in his left eye due to a traumatic injury sustained as a child. The best corrected visual... traumatic injury that occurred in 1976. The best corrected visual acuity in his right eye is 20/20 and in.... Lightner Mr. Lightner, 60, has loss of vision in his left eye due to a traumatic injury sustained at age 3...

  10. 76 FR 29022 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-05-19

    ... due to a traumatic injury sustained in 1982. The visual acuity in his right eye is 20/20 and in his.... Newman Mr. Newman, 50, has no light perception in his left eye due to a traumatic injury that occurred... in a CMV. Eric C. Esplin Mr. Esplin, 46, has loss of vision in his right eye due to a traumatic...

  11. 76 FR 49528 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-08-10

    ... had ruptured globe in his right eye due to a traumatic injury he sustained in 2001. The best corrected... his right eye due to an injury sustained in 1978. The best corrected visual acuity in his right eye is.... Harrison Mr. Harrison, 56, has had complete loss of vision in his left eye due an injury in 1971. The best...

  12. Driving experience and special skills reflected in eye movements

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Paeglis, Roberts; Bluss, Kristaps; Atvars, Aigars

    2011-10-01

    When driving a vehicle, people use the central vision both to plan ahead and monitor their performance feedback (research by Donges, 1978 [1], and after). Discussion is ongoing if making eye movements do more than gathering information. Moving eyes may also prepare the following body movements like steering. Different paradigms exist to explore vision in driving. Our perspective was to quantify eye movements and fixation patterns of different proficiency individuals, a driving learner, a novice, an experienced driver and a European level car racer. Thus for safety reasons we started by asking them to follow a video tour through a known city, remote from an infrared eye tracker sampling at 250 Hz. We report that gaze strategy of an experienced driver differs qualitatively from that of an automobile sports master. Quantitative differences only were found between the latter and a driving learner or a novice driver. Experience in a motor action provides skills different from sports training. We are aiming at testing this finding in real world driving.

  13. A parametric duration model of the reaction times of drivers distracted by mobile phone conversations.

    PubMed

    Haque, Md Mazharul; Washington, Simon

    2014-01-01

    The use of mobile phones while driving is more prevalent among young drivers-a less experienced cohort with elevated crash risk. The objective of this study was to examine and better understand the reaction times of young drivers to a traffic event originating in their peripheral vision whilst engaged in a mobile phone conversation. The CARRS-Q advanced driving simulator was used to test a sample of young drivers on various simulated driving tasks, including an event that originated within the driver's peripheral vision, whereby a pedestrian enters a zebra crossing from a sidewalk. Thirty-two licensed drivers drove the simulator in three phone conditions: baseline (no phone conversation), hands-free and handheld. In addition to driving the simulator each participant completed questionnaires related to driver demographics, driving history, usage of mobile phones while driving, and general mobile phone usage history. The participants were 21-26 years old and split evenly by gender. Drivers' reaction times to a pedestrian in the zebra crossing were modelled using a parametric accelerated failure time (AFT) duration model with a Weibull distribution. Also tested where two different model specifications to account for the structured heterogeneity arising from the repeated measures experimental design. The Weibull AFT model with gamma heterogeneity was found to be the best fitting model and identified four significant variables influencing the reaction times, including phone condition, driver's age, license type (provisional license holder or not), and self-reported frequency of usage of handheld phones while driving. The reaction times of drivers were more than 40% longer in the distracted condition compared to baseline (not distracted). Moreover, the impairment of reaction times due to mobile phone conversations was almost double for provisional compared to open license holders. A reduction in the ability to detect traffic events in the periphery whilst distracted presents a significant and measurable safety concern that will undoubtedly persist unless mitigated. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  14. Advanced electro-mechanical micro-shutters for thermal infrared night vision imaging and targeting systems

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Durfee, David; Johnson, Walter; McLeod, Scott

    2007-04-01

    Un-cooled microbolometer sensors used in modern infrared night vision systems such as driver vehicle enhancement (DVE) or thermal weapons sights (TWS) require a mechanical shutter. Although much consideration is given to the performance requirements of the sensor, supporting electronic components and imaging optics, the shutter technology required to survive in combat is typically the last consideration in the system design. Electro-mechanical shutters used in military IR applications must be reliable in temperature extremes from a low temperature of -40°C to a high temperature of +70°C. They must be extremely light weight while having the ability to withstand the high vibration and shock forces associated with systems mounted in military combat vehicles, weapon telescopic sights, or downed unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). Electro-mechanical shutters must have minimal power consumption and contain circuitry integrated into the shutter to manage battery power while simultaneously adapting to changes in electrical component operating parameters caused by extreme temperature variations. The technology required to produce a miniature electro-mechanical shutter capable of fitting into a rifle scope with these capabilities requires innovations in mechanical design, material science, and electronics. This paper describes a new, miniature electro-mechanical shutter technology with integrated power management electronics designed for extreme service infra-red night vision systems.

  15. Older drivers and cataract: driving habits and crash risk.

    PubMed

    Owsley, C; Stalvey, B; Wells, J; Sloane, M E

    1999-04-01

    Cataract is a leading cause of vision impairment in older adults, affecting almost half of those over age 75 years. Driving is a highly visual task and, as with other age groups, older adults rely on the personal automobile for travel. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of cataract in driving. Older adults (aged 55-85 years) with cataract (n = 279) and those without cataract (n = 105) who were legally licensed to drive were recruited from eye clinics to participate in a driving habits interview to assess driving status, exposure, difficulty, and "space" (the distance of driving excursions from home base). Crash data over the prior 5 years were procured from state records. Visual functional tests documented the severity of vision impairment. Compared to those without cataract, older drivers with cataract were approximately two times more likely to report reductions in days driven and number of destinations per week, driving slower than the general traffic flow, and preferring someone else to drive. Those with cataract were five times more likely to have received advice about limiting their driving. Those with cataract were four times more likely to report difficulty with challenging driving situations, and those reporting driving difficulty were two times more likely to reduce their driving exposure. Drivers with cataract were 2.5 times more likely to have a history of at-fault crash involvement in the prior 5 years (adjusted for miles driven/week and days driven/week). These associations remained even after adjustments for the confounding effects of advanced age, impaired general health, mental status deficit, or depression. Older drivers with cataract experience a restriction in their driving mobility and a decrease in their safety on the road. These findings serve as a baseline for our ongoing study evaluating whether improvements in vision following cataract surgery expand driving mobility and improve driver safety.

  16. Vision-Based Steering Control, Speed Assistance and Localization for Inner-City Vehicles

    PubMed Central

    Olivares-Mendez, Miguel Angel; Sanchez-Lopez, Jose Luis; Jimenez, Felipe; Campoy, Pascual; Sajadi-Alamdari, Seyed Amin; Voos, Holger

    2016-01-01

    Autonomous route following with road vehicles has gained popularity in the last few decades. In order to provide highly automated driver assistance systems, different types and combinations of sensors have been presented in the literature. However, most of these approaches apply quite sophisticated and expensive sensors, and hence, the development of a cost-efficient solution still remains a challenging problem. This work proposes the use of a single monocular camera sensor for an automatic steering control, speed assistance for the driver and localization of the vehicle on a road. Herein, we assume that the vehicle is mainly traveling along a predefined path, such as in public transport. A computer vision approach is presented to detect a line painted on the road, which defines the path to follow. Visual markers with a special design painted on the road provide information to localize the vehicle and to assist in its speed control. Furthermore, a vision-based control system, which keeps the vehicle on the predefined path under inner-city speed constraints, is also presented. Real driving tests with a commercial car on a closed circuit finally prove the applicability of the derived approach. In these tests, the car reached a maximum speed of 48 km/h and successfully traveled a distance of 7 km without the intervention of a human driver and any interruption. PMID:26978365

  17. Vision-Based Steering Control, Speed Assistance and Localization for Inner-City Vehicles.

    PubMed

    Olivares-Mendez, Miguel Angel; Sanchez-Lopez, Jose Luis; Jimenez, Felipe; Campoy, Pascual; Sajadi-Alamdari, Seyed Amin; Voos, Holger

    2016-03-11

    Autonomous route following with road vehicles has gained popularity in the last few decades. In order to provide highly automated driver assistance systems, different types and combinations of sensors have been presented in the literature. However, most of these approaches apply quite sophisticated and expensive sensors, and hence, the development of a cost-efficient solution still remains a challenging problem. This work proposes the use of a single monocular camera sensor for an automatic steering control, speed assistance for the driver and localization of the vehicle on a road. Herein, we assume that the vehicle is mainly traveling along a predefined path, such as in public transport. A computer vision approach is presented to detect a line painted on the road, which defines the path to follow. Visual markers with a special design painted on the road provide information to localize the vehicle and to assist in its speed control. Furthermore, a vision-based control system, which keeps the vehicle on the predefined path under inner-city speed constraints, is also presented. Real driving tests with a commercial car on a closed circuit finally prove the applicability of the derived approach. In these tests, the car reached a maximum speed of 48 km/h and successfully traveled a distance of 7 km without the intervention of a human driver and any interruption.

  18. Visual indices of motor vehicle drivers in relation to road safety in Nigeria.

    PubMed

    Emerole, C G; Nneli, R O

    2013-06-30

    This study assessed the visual profile of motor vehicle drivers in Owerri, Nigeria and to analyse the relationship between the various aspects of visual function in relation to road safety. A cross-sectional descriptive study of 150 commercial vehicles drivers and 130 private vehicles drivers was conducted between November 2005 and February 2006. Data were obtained using structured interviewer administered questionnaires and clinical examination was done. Standards procedures were used to determine visual indices. Data from the better eye (eye with a better visual acuity according to international and national standards) were reported, except in the analysis of near vision of the respondents. Twenty percent of the study group had normal visual acuity of ≥6/6 compared with 46.2% in the control group. The tonometric value in 88.0% and 93.1% of study and control groups respectively was less than 24mmHg. Both groups (96.8%) had normal confrontation visual field while 95.3% of study group and 97.7% of control group had normal colour vision. The most prevailing eye conditions that may reduce visual acuity were pterygium (51.3% in study group and 13.8% in the control group), retinopathy (16.7% of study group and 6.2% of control group) and glaucoma (12.0% and 6.9% of study and control groups respectively). Nineteen percent of the study group had regular eye examination compared with 38.5% in the control group. Alcohol consumption was 64.7% in the study group and 32.3% in the control group. Most of the commercial motor drivers in Owerri, Nigeria did not meet the Federal Road Safety Commission visual acuity standard for commercial motor drivers. Visual impairments and poor visibility are strongly associated with RTA among Nigerian motor vehicle drivers. Visual acuity and visual health care were poor among commercial motor drivers. There is need for renewed efforts to enforce a compulsory periodic visual examination for drivers, and to ensure that visual requirements for driving are met.

  19. 77 FR 13691 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-03-07

    ..., ocular hypertension, retinal detachment, cataracts and corneal scaring. In most cases, their eye... Application of Multiple Regression Analysis of a Poisson Process,'' Journal of American Statistical...

  20. Characteristics of on-road driving performance of persons with central vision loss who use bioptic telescopes.

    PubMed

    Wood, Joanne M; McGwin, Gerald; Elgin, Jennifer; Searcey, Karen; Owsley, Cynthia

    2013-05-01

    To compare the on-road driving performance of visually impaired drivers using bioptic telescopes with age-matched controls. Participants included 23 persons (mean age = 33 ± 12 years) with visual acuity of 20/63 to 20/200 who were legally licensed to drive through a state bioptic driving program, and 23 visually normal age-matched controls (mean age = 33 ± 12 years). On-road driving was assessed in an instrumented dual-brake vehicle along 14.6 miles of city, suburban, and controlled-access highways. Two backseat evaluators independently rated driving performance using a standardized scoring system. Vehicle control was assessed through vehicle instrumentation and video recordings used to evaluate head movements, lane-keeping, pedestrian detection, and frequency of bioptic telescope use. Ninety-six percent (22/23) of bioptic drivers and 100% (23/23) of controls were rated as safe to drive by the evaluators. There were no group differences for pedestrian detection, or ratings for scanning, speed, gap judgments, braking, indicator use, or obeying signs/signals. Bioptic drivers received worse ratings than controls for lane position and steering steadiness and had lower rates of correct sign and traffic signal recognition. Bioptic drivers made significantly more right head movements, drove more often over the right-hand lane marking, and exhibited more sudden braking than controls. Drivers with central vision loss who are licensed to drive through a bioptic driving program can display proficient on-road driving skills. This raises questions regarding the validity of denying such drivers a license without the opportunity to train with a bioptic telescope and undergo on-road evaluation.

  1. Going Below Minimums: The Efficacy of Display Enhanced/Synthetic Vision Fusion for Go-Around Decisions during Non-Normal Operations

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Prinzel, Lawrence J., III; Kramer, Lynda J.; Bailey, Randall E.

    2007-01-01

    The use of enhanced vision systems in civil aircraft is projected to increase rapidly as the Federal Aviation Administration recently changed the aircraft operating rules under Part 91, revising the flight visibility requirements for conducting approach and landing operations. Operators conducting straight-in instrument approach procedures may now operate below the published approach minimums when using an approved enhanced flight vision system that shows the required visual references on the pilot's Head-Up Display. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the complementary use of synthetic vision systems and enhanced vision system technologies, focusing on new techniques for integration and/or fusion of synthetic and enhanced vision technologies and crew resource management while operating under these newly adopted rules. Experimental results specific to flight crew response to non-normal events using the fused synthetic/enhanced vision system are presented.

  2. The Effect of the Color of a Long Cane Used by Individuals Who Are Visually Impaired on the Yielding Behavior of Drivers

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Bourquin, Eugene A.; Emerson, Robert Wall; Sauerburger, Dona; Barlow, Janet

    2017-01-01

    Introduction: A new market trend offers long canes for individuals with visual impairments in a variety of colors; however, the impact of these colors is unknown to orientation and mobility (O&M) specialists and individuals who are blind or who have low vision. The authors examined the impact of cane color on drivers' yielding behaviors; also,…

  3. Shared vision promotes family firm performance.

    PubMed

    Neff, John E

    2015-01-01

    A clear picture of the influential drivers of private family firm performance has proven to be an elusive target. The unique characteristics of private family owned firms necessitate a broader, non-financial approach to reveal firm performance drivers. This research study sought to specify and evaluate the themes that distinguish successful family firms from less successful family firms. In addition, this study explored the possibility that these themes collectively form an effective organizational culture that improves longer-term firm performance. At an organizational level of analysis, research findings identified four significant variables: Shared Vision (PNS), Role Clarity (RCL), Confidence in Management (CON), and Professional Networking (OLN) that positively impacted family firm financial performance. Shared Vision exhibited the strongest positive influence among the significant factors. In addition, Family Functionality (APGAR), the functional integrity of the family itself, exhibited a significant supporting role. Taken together, the variables collectively represent an effective family business culture (EFBC) that positively impacted the long-term financial sustainability of family owned firms. The index of effective family business culture also exhibited potential as a predictive non-financial model of family firm performance.

  4. Shared vision promotes family firm performance

    PubMed Central

    Neff, John E.

    2015-01-01

    A clear picture of the influential drivers of private family firm performance has proven to be an elusive target. The unique characteristics of private family owned firms necessitate a broader, non-financial approach to reveal firm performance drivers. This research study sought to specify and evaluate the themes that distinguish successful family firms from less successful family firms. In addition, this study explored the possibility that these themes collectively form an effective organizational culture that improves longer-term firm performance. At an organizational level of analysis, research findings identified four significant variables: Shared Vision (PNS), Role Clarity (RCL), Confidence in Management (CON), and Professional Networking (OLN) that positively impacted family firm financial performance. Shared Vision exhibited the strongest positive influence among the significant factors. In addition, Family Functionality (APGAR), the functional integrity of the family itself, exhibited a significant supporting role. Taken together, the variables collectively represent an effective family business culture (EFBC) that positively impacted the long-term financial sustainability of family owned firms. The index of effective family business culture also exhibited potential as a predictive non-financial model of family firm performance. PMID:26042075

  5. Do older drivers with bilateral cataract self-regulate their driving while waiting for first eye cataract surgery?

    PubMed Central

    Agramunt, Seraina; Meuleners, Lynn B; Fraser, Michelle L; Chow, Kyle C; Ng, Jonathon Q; Raja, Vignesh; Morlet, Nigel

    2017-01-01

    Objectives To analyze the association between visual impairment and driver self-regulation among a cohort of older drivers waiting for first eye cataract surgery. Methods Ninety-six drivers with bilateral cataract aged 55+ years were assessed before first eye cataract surgery. Data collection consisted of a researcher-administered questionnaire, objective visual measures (visual acuity, contrast sensitivity and stereopsis), a visual attention test (the useful field of view test) and a cognitive test (the Mini-Mental State Examination). Driver self-regulation practices were collected using the Driving Habits Questionnaire and were also measured with an in-vehicle monitoring device. Characteristics of self-regulators and non-self-regulators were compared and a logistic regression model was used to examine the association between 3 objective visual measures and driver self-regulation status. Results After controlling for potential confounding factors, only binocular contrast sensitivity (p=0.01), age (p=0.03) and gender (p=0.03) were significantly associated with driver self-regulation status. The odds of participants with better contrast sensitivity scores (better vision) self-regulating their driving in at least 1 driving situation decreased (odds ratio [OR]: 0.01, 95% CI: 0.00–0.28) while those of increasing age reported an increased odds of self-regulating their driving (OR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.01–1.15). The odds of males self-regulating their driving was decreased compared with females (OR: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.09–0.86). Conclusions Worse binocular contrast sensitivity scores, increasing age and being female were significantly associated with driver self-regulation. The study highlighted that while self-regulation was common among cataract patients, a proportion of those with poor vision did not self-regulate. Further research should determine how cataract patients could benefit from self-regulation strategies while waiting for cataract surgery. PMID:29184397

  6. Qualifications of drivers - vision and diabetes

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2011-01-01

    San Francisco UPA projects focus on reducing traffic congestion related to parking in downtown San Francisco. Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) technologies underlie many of the San Francisco UPA projects, including parking and roadway sensors...

  7. Exploring Challenges in Developing a Smart and Effective Assistive System for Improving the Experience of the Elderly Drivers

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Jung, Sebin; Meng, Hong-Ying; Qin, Sheng-Feng

    2017-09-01

    As the overall population ages, driving-related accidents and injuries, associated with elderly drivers, have risen. Existing research about elderly drivers mainly focuses on factual data collection and analysis, indicating the elderly's growing fatal accident rates and their different behaviours compared to younger drivers. However, few research has focused on design-led practical solutions to mitigate the elderly's growing fatal accidents, by considering their usability and body conditions, afflicting the elderly, such as decreased vision, hearing, and reaction times. In this paper, first, current worldwide situations on growing fatal accident rates for elderly drivers is reviewed and the key impact factors are identified and discussed with regarding to usability and design trend in the automotive technology for elderly. Second, existing smart vehicle technology-based solutions to promote safe driving are explored and their pros and cons are discussed and analysed. Most of solutions are not created by people with driving difficulties, which are caused by health problems most commonly afflicting the elderly. Thirdly, diverse design-led research activities are taken, such as a survey, observation, and interviews to gain new understanding of what kinds of driving problems elderly drivers have and demonstrate how new system concepts could be developed for the elderly's benefits. Finally, it is found that the elderly's low vision and late reaction are main factors causing their driving difficulties. Based on this finding, usable vehicle system design ideas have been proposed, by utilising facial expression sensing technology as a solution. The proposed solutions would ensure reducing both the elderly's driving problems and high fatal accident rates and provide a more enjoyable driving environment for the elderly population.

  8. Characteristics of On-Road Driving Performance of Persons With Central Vision Loss Who Use Bioptic Telescopes

    PubMed Central

    Wood, Joanne M.; McGwin, Gerald; Elgin, Jennifer; Searcey, Karen; Owsley, Cynthia

    2013-01-01

    Purpose. To compare the on-road driving performance of visually impaired drivers using bioptic telescopes with age-matched controls. Methods. Participants included 23 persons (mean age = 33 ± 12 years) with visual acuity of 20/63 to 20/200 who were legally licensed to drive through a state bioptic driving program, and 23 visually normal age-matched controls (mean age = 33 ± 12 years). On-road driving was assessed in an instrumented dual-brake vehicle along 14.6 miles of city, suburban, and controlled-access highways. Two backseat evaluators independently rated driving performance using a standardized scoring system. Vehicle control was assessed through vehicle instrumentation and video recordings used to evaluate head movements, lane-keeping, pedestrian detection, and frequency of bioptic telescope use. Results. Ninety-six percent (22/23) of bioptic drivers and 100% (23/23) of controls were rated as safe to drive by the evaluators. There were no group differences for pedestrian detection, or ratings for scanning, speed, gap judgments, braking, indicator use, or obeying signs/signals. Bioptic drivers received worse ratings than controls for lane position and steering steadiness and had lower rates of correct sign and traffic signal recognition. Bioptic drivers made significantly more right head movements, drove more often over the right-hand lane marking, and exhibited more sudden braking than controls. Conclusions. Drivers with central vision loss who are licensed to drive through a bioptic driving program can display proficient on-road driving skills. This raises questions regarding the validity of denying such drivers a license without the opportunity to train with a bioptic telescope and undergo on-road evaluation. PMID:23640044

  9. Use, perceptions, and benefits of automotive technologies among aging drivers.

    PubMed

    Eby, David W; Molnar, Lisa J; Zhang, Liang; St Louis, Renée M; Zanier, Nicole; Kostyniuk, Lidia P; Stanciu, Sergiu

    2016-12-01

    Advanced in-vehicle technologies have been proposed as a potential way to keep older adults driving for as long as they can safely do so, by taking into account the common declines in functional abilities experienced by older adults. The purpose of this report was to synthesize the knowledge about older drivers and advanced in-vehicle technologies, focusing on three areas: use (how older drivers use these technologies), perception (what they think about the technologies), and outcomes (the safety and/or comfort benefits of the technologies). Twelve technologies were selected for review and grouped into three categories: crash avoidance systems (lane departure warning, curve speed warning, forward collision warning, blind spot warning, parking assistance); in-vehicle information systems (navigation assistance, intelligent speed adaptation); and other systems (adaptive cruise control, automatic crash notification, night vision enhancement, adaptive headlight, voice activated control). A comprehensive and systematic search was conducted for each technology to collect related publications. 271 articles were included into the final review. Research findings for each of the 12 technologies are synthesized in relation to how older adults use and think about the technologies as well as potential benefits. These results are presented separately for each technology. Can advanced in-vehicle technologies help extend the period over which an older adult can drive safely? This report answers this question with an optimistic "yes." Some of the technologies reviewed in this report have been shown to help older drivers avoid crashes, improve the ease and comfort of driving, and travel to places and at times that they might normally avoid.

  10. 75 FR 13653 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-03-22

    ... D. Bennett, Johnny W. Bradford Sr., Levi A. Brown, Charlie F. Cook, Clifford H. Dovel, Arthur L..., Steven L. Valley, Thomas E. Voyles, Jr., Darel G. Wagner, Bernard J. Wood. These exemptions are extended...

  11. 77 FR 22838 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-04-17

    .... Faster reaction to traffic and traffic signals is generally required because distances between them are.... Abbas (MN), Paul T. Browning (MN), Robert P. Clark (NY), Carey C. Earwood (AL), Cheryl G. [[Page 22840...

  12. 49 CFR 398.3 - Qualifications of drivers or operators.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ..., nervous, organic, or functional disease, likely to interfere with safe driving. (3) No loss of fingers... without glasses or by correction with glasses; form field of vision in the horizontal meridian shall not...

  13. 75 FR 63255 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-10-14

    ..., prosthesis, pseudoangioma, retinal detachment and retinal scarring. In most cases, their eye conditions were... individual stated that he feels the Agency is negligent and he feels that it is unsafe for individuals with...

  14. 76 FR 2190 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-01-12

    .... The exemptions expire on January 12, 2012. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Dr. Mary D. Gunnels..., Donald G. Brock, Jr., Anthony D. Buck, Cody W. Cook, Marvin R. Daly, Douglas R. Duncan, Douglas K. Esp...

  15. 75 FR 4625 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Renewals; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-01-28

    ..., David L. Menken, Rodney M. Mimbs, Walter F. Moniowczak, William G. Mote, James R. Murphy, Chris A. Ritenour, Ronald L. Roy, Thomas D. Walden, Thomas E. Walsh, Kevin P. Weinhold, Charles M. Wilkins and...

  16. The role of cognitive and visual abilities as predictors in the Multifactorial Model of Driving Safety.

    PubMed

    Anstey, Kaarin J; Horswill, Mark S; Wood, Joanne M; Hatherly, Christopher

    2012-03-01

    The current study evaluated part of the Multifactorial Model of Driving Safety to elucidate the relative importance of cognitive function and a limited range of standard measures of visual function in relation to the Capacity to Drive Safely. Capacity to Drive Safely was operationalized using three validated screening measures for older drivers. These included an adaptation of the well validated Useful Field of View (UFOV) and two newer measures, namely a Hazard Perception Test (HPT), and a Hazard Change Detection Task (HCDT). Community dwelling drivers (n=297) aged 65-96 were assessed using a battery of measures of cognitive and visual function. Factor analysis of these predictor variables yielded factors including Executive/Speed, Vision (measured by visual acuity and contrast sensitivity), Spatial, Visual Closure, and Working Memory. Cognitive and Vision factors explained 83-95% of age-related variance in the Capacity to Drive Safely. Spatial and Working Memory were associated with UFOV, HPT and HCDT, Executive/Speed was associated with UFOV and HCDT and Vision was associated with HPT. The Capacity to Drive Safely declines with chronological age, and this decline is associated with age-related declines in several higher order cognitive abilities involving manipulation and storage of visuospatial information under speeded conditions. There are also age-independent effects of cognitive function and vision that determine driving safety. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  17. Kinetic modeling of auroral ion outflows observed by the VISIONS sounding rocket

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Albarran, R. M.; Zettergren, M. D.

    2017-12-01

    The VISIONS (VISualizing Ion Outflow via Neutral atom imaging during a Substorm) sounding rocket was launched on Feb. 7, 2013 at 8:21 UTC from Poker Flat, Alaska, into an auroral substorm with the objective of identifying the drivers and dynamics of the ion outflow below 1000km. Energetic ion data from the VISIONS polar cap boundary crossing show evidence of an ion "pressure cooker" effect whereby ions energized via transverse heating in the topside ionosphere travel upward and are impeded by a parallel potential structure at higher altitudes. VISIONS was also instrumented with an energetic neutral atom (ENA) detector which measured neutral particles ( 50-100 eV energy) presumably produced by charge-exchange with the energized outflowing ions. Hence, inferences about ion outflow may be made via remotely-sensing measurements of ENAs. This investigation focuses on modeling energetic outflowing ion distributions observed by VISIONS using a kinetic model. This kinetic model traces large numbers of individual particles, using a guiding-center approximation, in order to allow calculation of ion distribution functions and moments. For the present study we include mirror and parallel electric field forces, and a source of ion cyclotron resonance (ICR) wave heating, thought to be central to the transverse energization of ions. The model is initiated with a steady-state ion density altitude profile and Maxwellian velocity distribution characterizing the initial phase-space conditions for multiple particle trajectories. This project serves to advance our understanding of the drivers and particle dynamics in the auroral ionosphere and to improve data analysis methods for future sounding rocket and satellite missions.

  18. Kinetic modeling of auroral ion Outflows observed by the VISIONS sounding rocket

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Albarran, R. M.; Zettergren, M. D.; Rowland, D. E.; Klenzing, J.; Clemmons, J. H.

    2016-12-01

    The VISIONS (VISualizing Ion Outflow via Neutral atom imaging during a Substorm) sounding rocket was launched on Feb. 7, 2013 at 8:21 UTC from Poker Flat, Alaska, into an auroral substorm with the objective of identifying the drivers and dynamics of the ion outflow below 1000km. Energetic ion data from the VISIONS polar cap boundary crossing show evidence of an ion "pressure cooker" effect whereby ions energized via transverse heating in the topside ionosphere travel upward and are impeded by a parallel potential structure at higher altitudes. VISIONS was also instrumented with an energetic neutral atom (ENA) detector which measured neutral particles ( 50-100 eV energy) presumably produced by charge-exchange with the energized outflowing ions. Hence, inferences about ion outflow may be made via remotely-sensing measurements of ENAs. This investigation focuses on modeling energetic outflowing ion distributions observed by VISIONS using a kinetic model. This kinetic model traces large numbers of individual particles, using a guiding-center approximation, in order to allow calculation of ion distribution functions and moments. For the present study we include mirror and parallel electric field forces, and a source of ion cyclotron resonance (ICR) wave heating, thought to be central to the transverse energization of ions. The model is initiated with a steady-state ion density altitude profile and Maxwellian velocity distribution characterizing the initial phase-space conditions for multiple particle trajectories. This project serves to advance our understanding of the drivers and particle dynamics in the auroral ionosphere and to improve data analysis methods for future sounding rocket and satellite missions.

  19. 77 FR 74273 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-12-13

    ... (SD) Terry L. Anderson (PA) Sammy J. Barada (NE) Timothy Bradford (TN) Cody W. Cook (OK) Marvin R...) Thomas L. Oglesby (GA) Garrick Pitts (AR) Jonathan C. Rollings (IA) Preston S. Salisbury (MT) Victor M...

  20. 76 FR 21796 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-04-18

    .... Carson Dan B. Clark Gregory L. Cooper Kenneth D. Craig Terry J. Dare Christopher A. Deadman Vincent C... Roberto E. Martinez Travis W. Neiwert Barbara C. Pennington Luis H. Sanchez George K. Sizemore James A...

  1. Age-related functional limitations, countermeasures, and crash risks : traffic tech.

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2012-03-01

    This study updates and extends our understanding of how : age-related functional deficits, including changes in vision, : cognition, strength, and flexibility can increase older drivers : crash risks. The report discusses the potential of a variet...

  2. 77 FR 10606 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-02-22

    ... comments on-line. Privacy Act: Anyone may search the electronic form of all comments received into any of... (TX), Dale M. Cannon (OR), Jamie French (NC), Wayne H. Holt (UT), Billy R. Jefferies (WV), Carlos A...

  3. 75 FR 27623 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-05-17

    .... Askin, Paul J. Bannon, Ernie E. Black, Ronnie F. Bowman, Gary O. Brady, Stephen H. Goldcamp, Steven F. Grass, Wai F. King, Dennis E. Krone, Richard J. McKenzie, Jr., Christopher J. Meerten, Craig W. Miller...

  4. Integrating National Space Visions

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Sherwood, Brent

    2006-01-01

    This paper examines value proposition assumptions for various models nations may use to justify, shape, and guide their space programs. Nations organize major societal investments like space programs to actualize national visions represented by leaders as investments in the public good. The paper defines nine 'vision drivers' that circumscribe the motivations evidently underpinning national space programs. It then describes 19 fundamental space activity objectives (eight extant and eleven prospective) that nations already do or could in the future use to actualize the visions they select. Finally the paper presents four contrasting models of engagement among nations, and compares these models to assess realistic pounds on the pace of human progress in space over the coming decades. The conclusion is that orthogonal engagement, albeit unlikely because it is unprecedented, would yield the most robust and rapid global progress.

  5. Association of visual sensory function and higher order visual processing skills with incident driving cessation

    PubMed Central

    Huisingh, Carrie; McGwin, Gerald; Owsley, Cynthia

    2017-01-01

    Background Many studies on vision and driving cessation have relied on measures of sensory function, which are insensitive to the higher order cognitive aspects of visual processing. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between traditional measures of visual sensory function and higher order visual processing skills with incident driving cessation in a population-based sample of older drivers. Methods Two thousand licensed drivers aged ≥70 were enrolled and followed-up for three years. Tests for central vision and visual processing were administered at baseline and included visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, sensitivity in the driving visual field, visual processing speed (Useful Field of View (UFOV) Subtest 2 and Trails B), and spatial ability measured by the Visual Closure Subtest of the Motor-free Visual Perception Test. Participants self-reported the month and year of driving cessation and provided a reason for cessation. Cox proportional hazards models were used to generate crude and adjusted hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals between visual functioning characteristics and risk of driving cessation over a three-year period. Results During the study period, 164 participants stopped driving which corresponds to a cumulative incidence of 8.5%. Impaired contrast sensitivity, visual fields, visual processing speed (UFOVand Trails B), and spatial ability were significant risk factors for subsequent driving cessation after adjusting for age, gender, marital status, number of medical conditions, and miles driven. Visual acuity impairment was not associated with driving cessation. Medical problems (63%), specifically musculoskeletal and neurological problems, as well as vision problems (17%) were cited most frequently as the reason for driving cessation. Conclusion Assessment of cognitive and visual functioning can provide useful information about subsequent risk of driving cessation among older drivers. In addition, a variety of factors, not just vision, influenced the decision to stop driving and may be amenable to intervention. PMID:27353969

  6. Indirect Vision Driving with Fixed Flat Panel Displays for Near Unity, Wide, and Extended Fields of Camera View

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2001-06-01

    The choice of camera FOV may depend on the task being performed. The driver may prefer a unity view for driving along a known route to...increase his or her perception of potential road hazards. On the other hand, the driver may prefer a compressed image at road turns for route selection...with a supervisory evaluation of the road ahead and the impact on the driving schema. Included in this

  7. IMAGE ENHANCEMENT FOR IMPAIRED VISION: THE CHALLENGE OF EVALUATION

    PubMed Central

    PELI, ELI; WOODS, RUSSELL L

    2009-01-01

    With the aging of the population, the prevalence of eye diseases and thus of vision impairment is increasing. The TV watching habits of people with vision impairments are comparable to normally sighted people1, however their vision loss prevents them from fully benefiting from this medium. For over 20 years we have been developing video image-enhancement techniques designed to assist people with visual impairments, particularly those due to central retinal vision loss. A major difficulty in this endeavor is the lack of evaluation techniques to assess and compare the effectiveness of various enhancement methods. This paper reviews our approaches to image enhancement and the results we have obtained, with special emphasis on the difficulties encountered in the evaluation of the benefits of enhancement and the solutions we have developed to date. PMID:20161188

  8. MMW radar enhanced vision systems: the Helicopter Autonomous Landing System (HALS) and Radar-Enhanced Vision System (REVS) are rotary and fixed wing enhanced flight vision systems that enable safe flight operations in degraded visual environments

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Cross, Jack; Schneider, John; Cariani, Pete

    2013-05-01

    Sierra Nevada Corporation (SNC) has developed rotary and fixed wing millimeter wave radar enhanced vision systems. The Helicopter Autonomous Landing System (HALS) is a rotary-wing enhanced vision system that enables multi-ship landing, takeoff, and enroute flight in Degraded Visual Environments (DVE). HALS has been successfully flight tested in a variety of scenarios, from brown-out DVE landings, to enroute flight over mountainous terrain, to wire/cable detection during low-level flight. The Radar Enhanced Vision Systems (REVS) is a fixed-wing Enhanced Flight Vision System (EFVS) undergoing prototype development testing. Both systems are based on a fast-scanning, threedimensional 94 GHz radar that produces real-time terrain and obstacle imagery. The radar imagery is fused with synthetic imagery of the surrounding terrain to form a long-range, wide field-of-view display. A symbology overlay is added to provide aircraft state information and, for HALS, approach and landing command guidance cuing. The combination of see-through imagery and symbology provides the key information a pilot needs to perform safe flight operations in DVE conditions. This paper discusses the HALS and REVS systems and technology, presents imagery, and summarizes the recent flight test results.

  9. Evaluation of Fused Synthetic and Enhanced Vision Display Concepts for Low-Visibility Approach and Landing

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Bailey, Randall E.; Kramer, Lynda J.; Prinzel, Lawrence J., III; Wilz, Susan J.

    2009-01-01

    NASA is developing revolutionary crew-vehicle interface technologies that strive to proactively overcome aircraft safety barriers that would otherwise constrain the full realization of the next generation air transportation system. A piloted simulation experiment was conducted to evaluate the complementary use of Synthetic and Enhanced Vision technologies. Specific focus was placed on new techniques for integration and/or fusion of Enhanced and Synthetic Vision and its impact within a two-crew flight deck during low-visibility approach and landing operations. Overall, the experimental data showed that significant improvements in situation awareness, without concomitant increases in workload and display clutter, could be provided by the integration and/or fusion of synthetic and enhanced vision technologies for the pilot-flying and the pilot-not-flying. Improvements in lateral path control performance were realized when the Head-Up Display concepts included a tunnel, independent of the imagery (enhanced vision or fusion of enhanced and synthetic vision) presented with it. During non-normal operations, the ability of the crew to handle substantial navigational errors and runway incursions were neither improved nor adversely impacted by the display concepts. The addition of Enhanced Vision may not, of itself, provide an improvement in runway incursion detection without being specifically tailored for this application.

  10. 76 FR 75942 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-12-05

    ... renewable two-year period. They are: Anthony Brandano (MA) William R. Braun (NM) Stanley E. Elliott (UT.... Mallory (OK) Eldon Miles (IN) Norman V. Myers (WA) Jack E. Potts, Jr. (PA) Neal A. Richard (LA) John E...

  11. 78 FR 67452 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-11-12

    ... exemption for a renewable two-year period. They are: Anthony Brandano (MA) Stanley E. Elliott (UT) Elmer E...) Raymond P. Madron (MD) Ronald S. Mallory (OK) Eldon Miles (IN) Norman V. Myers (WA) Jack E. Potts, Jr. (PA...

  12. 75 FR 27620 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Renewals; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-05-17

    ..., Sr., Levi A. Brown, Charlie F. Cook, Clifford H. Dovel, Arthur L. Fields, John W. Forgy, Glenn E. Gee..., Monte L. Purciful, Luis F. Saavedra, Earl W. Sheets, Robert V. Sloan, Steven L. Valley, Thomas E. Voyles...

  13. 78 FR 37270 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-06-20

    ... (IA) Thomas M. Harris (MI) Paul M. Hinkson (TN) Ellie L. Murphree (AL) Michael P. Passmore (FL) Wendell S. Sehen (OH) Gary E. Valentine (OH) Kevin W. Van Arsdol (CO) Charles Van Dyke (WI) Harlon C. Van...

  14. 23 CFR 750.108 - General provisions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... directed at any portion of the main-traveled way of the Interstate System, or is of such low intensity or brilliance as not to cause glare or to impair the vision of the driver of any motor vehicle, or to otherwise...

  15. 23 CFR 750.108 - General provisions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... directed at any portion of the main-traveled way of the Interstate System, or is of such low intensity or brilliance as not to cause glare or to impair the vision of the driver of any motor vehicle, or to otherwise...

  16. 23 CFR 750.108 - General provisions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... directed at any portion of the main-traveled way of the Interstate System, or is of such low intensity or brilliance as not to cause glare or to impair the vision of the driver of any motor vehicle, or to otherwise...

  17. 23 CFR 750.108 - General provisions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... directed at any portion of the main-traveled way of the Interstate System, or is of such low intensity or brilliance as not to cause glare or to impair the vision of the driver of any motor vehicle, or to otherwise...

  18. 75 FR 38603 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Renewals; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-07-02

    ... James C. Askin, Paul J. Bannon, Ernie E. Black, Ronnie F. Bowman, Gary O. Brady, Stephen H. Goldcamp, Steven F. Grass, Wai F. King, Dennis E. Krone, Richard J. McKenzie, Jr., Christopher J. Meerten, Craig W...

  19. 76 FR 54530 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-09-01

    ... renewable two-year period. They are the following: Daniel F. Albers John A. Bridges Eddie M. Brown Edwin L.... Johnson Terry R. Jones Randall H. Keil James J. Mitchell Andrew M. Nurnberg Kenneth R. Pedersen Joshua R...

  20. 76 FR 55469 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-09-07

    ... decided to extend each exemption for a renewable two-year period. They are: Dean N. Brown Matthew R. Floyd Christian L. Gremillion Frank D. Konwinski, Jr. Paul G. Mathes Kenneth D. Perkins Terry W. Pope Daniel T...

  1. NASA Contributions to the Development and Testing of Climate Indicators

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Houser, P. R.; Leidner, A. K.; Tsaoussi, L.; Kaye, J. A.

    2014-12-01

    NASA is a major contributor the U.S. National Climate Assessment (NCA), a central component of the 2012-2022 U.S. Global Change Research Program's Strategic Plan. NASA supports a range of global climate and related environmental assessment activities through its data records, models, and model-produced data sets, as well as through involvement of agency personnel. These assessments provide important information on climate change and are used by policymakers, especially with the recent increased interest in climate vulnerability, impacts, and adaptation. Climate indicators provide a clear and concise way of communicating to the NCA audiences about not only status and trends of physical drivers of the climate system, but also the ecological and socioeconomic impacts, vulnerabilities, and responses to those drivers. NASA is enhancing its participation in future NCAs by encouraging the developing and testing of potential indicators that best address the needs expressed in the NCA indicator vision and that leverage NASA's capabilities. This presentation will highlight a suite of new climate indicators that draws significantly from NASA -produced data and/or modeling products, to support decisions related to impacts, adaptation, vulnerability, and mitigation associated with climate and global change.

  2. Naturalistic distraction and driving safety in older drivers.

    PubMed

    Aksan, Nazan; Dawson, Jeffrey D; Emerson, Jamie L; Yu, Lixi; Uc, Ergun Y; Anderson, Steven W; Rizzo, Matthew

    2013-08-01

    In this study, we aimed to quantify and compare performance of middle-aged and older drivers during a naturalistic distraction paradigm (visual search for roadside targets) and to predict older drivers performance given functioning in visual, motor, and cognitive domains. Distracted driving can imperil healthy adults and may disproportionally affect the safety of older drivers with visual, motor, and cognitive decline. A total of 203 drivers, 120 healthy older (61 men and 59 women, ages 65 years and older) and 83 middle-aged drivers (38 men and 45 women, ages 40 to 64 years), participated in an on-road test in an instrumented vehicle. Outcome measures included performance in roadside target identification (traffic signs and restaurants) and concurrent driver safety. Differences in visual, motor, and cognitive functioning served as predictors. Older drivers identified fewer landmarks and drove slower but committed more safety errors than did middle-aged drivers. Greater familiarity with local roads benefited performance of middle-aged but not older drivers.Visual cognition predicted both traffic sign identification and safety errors, and executive function predicted traffic sign identification over and above vision. Older adults are susceptible to driving safety errors while distracted by common secondary visual search tasks that are inherent to driving. The findings underscore that age-related cognitive decline affects older drivers' management of driving tasks at multiple levels and can help inform the design of on-road tests and interventions for older drivers.

  3. Medical review of fitness to drive in older drivers: the Maryland experience.

    PubMed

    Soderstrom, Carl A; Joyce, John J

    2008-08-01

    Over the next several decades, both the number and percentage of older drivers will increase dramatically. Older age is inherently associated with medical conditions, particularly those involving cognition and vision, that can affect medical fitness to drive. Over a 60-year period, the Maryland Motor Vehicle Administration (MVA) in conjunction with its medical advisory board (MAB) has matured a comprehensive system to identify at-risk older drivers and to assess their medical fitness to drive. This paper describes the medical review process in general, and in particular for older drivers, that has evolved in the state of Maryland. The resources, philosophy and research underpinnings of its MAB review process are examined. Studies of functional screening measures in older drivers indicate that older drivers at risk of being at-fault for future crashes can be identified. The feasibility of using such screening measures for drivers referred to the MVA has been confirmed by practical use for a period of seven years. It is possible to create a medical review process with a goal of "safe mobility for life" that supports preservation of the driving privilege among many older drivers.

  4. Driver fatigue detection based on eye state.

    PubMed

    Lin, Lizong; Huang, Chao; Ni, Xiaopeng; Wang, Jiawen; Zhang, Hao; Li, Xiao; Qian, Zhiqin

    2015-01-01

    Nowadays, more and more traffic accidents occur because of driver fatigue. In order to reduce and prevent it, in this study, a calculation method using PERCLOS (percentage of eye closure time) parameter characteristics based on machine vision was developed. It determined whether a driver's eyes were in a fatigue state according to the PERCLOS value. The overall workflow solutions included face detection and tracking, detection and location of the human eye, human eye tracking, eye state recognition, and driver fatigue testing. The key aspects of the detection system incorporated the detection and location of human eyes and driver fatigue testing. The simplified method of measuring the PERCLOS value of the driver was to calculate the ratio of the eyes being open and closed with the total number of frames for a given period. If the eyes were closed more than the set threshold in the total number of frames, the system would alert the driver. Through many experiments, it was shown that besides the simple detection algorithm, the rapid computing speed, and the high detection and recognition accuracies of the system, the system was demonstrated to be in accord with the real-time requirements of a driver fatigue detection system.

  5. Using Lighting And Visual Information To Alter Driver Behavior

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2012-08-01

    Inappropriate traffic speeds are a major cause of traffic fatalities. Since driving is a task with a substantial contribution : from vision, the use of lighting and visual information such as signage could assist in providing appropriate cues to : en...

  6. Using lighting and visual information to alter driver behavior.

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2012-08-01

    Inappropriate traffic speeds are a major cause of traffic fatalities. Since driving is a task with a substantial contribution : from vision, the use of lighting and visual information such as signage could assist in providing appropriate cues to : en...

  7. 77 FR 70537 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-11-26

    ... A. Giarrusso (FL) Benjamin P. Hall (NY) John N. Lanning (CA) Bruce J. Lewis (RI) John L. Lolley (AL) Charles M. McDaris (GA) Tommy L. McKnight (OH) Calvin J. Schaap (MN) Frederick C. Schultz, Jr. (NY) Steve...

  8. Tri-level study of the causes of traffic accidents, volume 2 : special analyses.

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    1979-05-01

    This final report is comprised of two volumes. Volume I provides causal result tabulations and related analyses. Volume II presents several special analysis reports dealing with driver vision knowledge, psychological make-up, etc. Human, environmenta...

  9. 76 FR 40445 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-07-08

    ...). Matthew K. Hagge Mr. Hagge, 31, has had optic atrophy in his right eye since 2007 due to multiple sclerosis. The visual acuity in his right eye is 20/250 and in his left eye, 20/20. Following an examination...

  10. 75 FR 36779 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Renewals; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-06-28

    ... deficiency for 3 years. Recent driving performance is especially important in evaluating future safety... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration [Docket No. FMCSA-1999... AGENCY: Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA), DOT. ACTION: Notice of final disposition...

  11. 77 FR 68202 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-11-15

    .... Ballard (NC) Larry W. Barnes (AR) Delbert R. Bays (KY) Larry D. Brown (MD) Donald O. Clopton (AL) Stephen.... Mantela (KY) Kenneth D. May (AL) Carl M. McIntire (OH) Duffy P. Metrejean, Jr. (LA) Gordon L. Nathan (CA...

  12. 76 FR 34136 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-06-10

    ... 49, has had retinal scarring in his left eye due to a traumatic injury since childhood. The visual... due to a traumatic injury that occurred in 2003. The best corrected visual acuity in his right eye is.... [[Page 34138

  13. 77 FR 59248 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-09-26

    .... Christopher K. Foot Mr. Foot, 46, has a prosthetic right eye due to traumatic injury sustained in 1970. The... signal. Jose S. Chavez Mr. Chavez, 47, had a rupture in his left eye due to an injury sustained in 1984...

  14. Cellular phone use while driving at night.

    PubMed

    Vivoda, Jonathon M; Eby, David W; St Louis, Renée M; Kostyniuk, Lidia P

    2008-03-01

    Use of a cellular phone has been shown to negatively affect one's attention to the driving task, leading to an increase in crash risk. At any given daylight hour, about 6% of US drivers are actively talking on a hand-held cell phone. However, previous surveys have focused only on cell phone use during the day. Driving at night has been shown to be a riskier activity than driving during the day. The purpose of the current study was to assess the rate of hand-held cellular phone use while driving at night, using specialized night vision equipment. In 2006, two statewide direct observation survey waves of nighttime cellular phone use were conducted in Indiana utilizing specialized night vision equipment. Combined results of driver hand-held cellular phone use from both waves are presented in this manuscript. The rates of nighttime cell phone use were similar to results found in previous daytime studies. The overall rate of nighttime hand-held cellular phone use was 5.8 +/- 0.6%. Cellular phone use was highest for females and for younger drivers. In fact, the highest rate observed during the study (of 11.9%) was for 16-to 29-year-old females. The high level of cellular phone use found within the young age group, coupled with the increased crash risk associated with cellular phone use, nighttime driving, and for young drivers in general, suggests that this issue may become an important transportation-related concern.

  15. Environmental drivers of epibenthic megafauna on a deep temperate continental shelf: A multiscale approach

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lacharité, Myriam; Metaxas, Anna

    2018-03-01

    Evaluating the role of abiotic factors in influencing the distribution of deep-water (>75-100 m depth) epibenthic megafaunal communities at mid-to-high latitudes is needed to estimate effects of environmental change, and support marine spatial planning since these factors can be effectively mapped. Given the disparity in scales at which these factors operate, incorporating multiple spatial and temporal scales is necessary. In this study, we determined the relative importance of 3 groups of environmental drivers at different scales (sediment, geomorphology, and oceanography) on epibenthic megafauna on a deep temperate continental shelf in the eastern Gulf of Maine (northwest Atlantic). Twenty benthic photographic transects (range: 611-1021 m; total length surveyed: 18,902 m; 996 images; average of 50 ± 16 images per transect) were performed in July and August 2009 to assess the abundance, composition and diversity of these communities. Surficial geology was assessed using seafloor imagery processed with a novel approach based on computer vision. A bathymetric terrain model (horizontal resolution: 100 m) was used to derive bathymetric variability in the vicinity of transects (1.5, 5 km). Oceanography at the seafloor (temperature, salinity, current speed, current direction) over 10 years (1999-2008) was determined using empirical (World Ocean Database 2013) and modelled data (Finite-Volume Community Ocean Model; 45 vertical layers; horizontal resolution: 1.7-9.5 km). The relative influence of environmental drivers differed between community traits. Abundance was enhanced primarily by swift current speeds, while higher diversity was observed in coarser and more heterogeneous substrates. In both cases, the role of geomorphological features was secondary to these drivers. Environmental variables were poor predictors of change in community composition at the scale of the eastern Gulf of Maine. This study demonstrated the need for explicitly incorporating scales into habitat modelling studies in these regions, and targeting specific drivers for community traits of interest.

  16. Driver distraction by smartphone use (WhatsApp) in different age groups.

    PubMed

    Ortiz, C; Ortiz-Peregrina, S; Castro, J J; Casares-López, M; Salas, C

    2018-08-01

    This paper investigates the effect that texting with WhatsApp, one of the most common applications for instant messaging, exerts on driving performance. Because distracted driving also affects older drivers, who can have seriously compromised vision, we also analysed the associations between visual-function parameters and driving performance. A total of 75 drivers, experienced in sending WhatsApp messages (≥10WhatsApp messages/week), participated in this study and were divided into four age categories. Visual-function tests included contrast sensitivity with and without glare, retinal straylight and objective assessment of optical quality. Simulated driving performance was assessed under a baseline driving condition (without distraction) as well as a texting condition (WhatsApp messages) while driving. The participants used their own mobile phone. Lastly, objective results of driving performance were compared with subjective self-report data from the Driver Behaviour Questionnaire (DBQ). The analysis indicated that functional changes occurring with age, such as a lower contrast sensitivity and greater retinal straylight, were correlated with a higher number of collisions, longer distances driven outside the lane, and greater standard deviation of lateral position (SDLP). The results showed a significant main effect of age for the driving-performance parameters. Also, compared to the baseline, texting WhatsApp messages while driving worsens driving performance for all age groups, most notably among older participants. Thus, the older drivers' SDLP was ∼14% higher than that for the baseline average of all the other drivers and rose to 29% under distraction, reflecting the impact of secondary tasks. The negative effect of the use of the smartphone during driving was also reflected in the number of collisions, with a greater risk of accidents in all the groups of drivers (by 8.3% for young adults, 25.0% for adults, 80.5% for middle-aged adults, and 134.5% for older drivers). Lastly, participants' subjective responses indicated that younger drivers (18-24 years) had a higher risk of deliberately violating safe driving practices (p < 0.05). The present study demonstrates that texting WhatsApp messages while driving significantly impairs the ability to drive safely, with older drivers being the group most adversely affected. It would be recommendable to include other nonstandard vision tests, which have shown associations with driving performance, in the examination for driver licensing. This would help raise the awareness of older drivers concerning their visual limitations, permitting them to adopt compensatory measures to improve their driving safety. Nevertheless, it is also necessary to raise awareness among the younger drivers of the risks involved in behaviour behind the wheel. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  17. Development and Testing of Optimized Autonomous and Connected Vehicle Trajectories at Signalized Intersections [summary

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2017-12-01

    Visions of self-driving vehicles abound in popular science and entertainment. Many programs are at work to make a reality catch of this imagination. Vehicle automation has progressed rapidly in recent years, from simple driver assistance technologies...

  18. 78 FR 77778 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-12-24

    ... that we received your comments, please include a self-addressed, stamped envelope or postcard or print... the 48 applications on their merits and made a determination to grant exemptions to each of them... October 28, 2013 notice (78 FR 64274). [[Page 77779

  19. 23 CFR 750.106 - Class 3 and 4 signs within informational sites.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... the main-traveled way of the Interstate System, or is of such low intensity or brilliance as not to cause glare or to impair the vision of the driver of any motor vehicle, or to otherwise interfere with...

  20. 23 CFR 750.106 - Class 3 and 4 signs within informational sites.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... the main-traveled way of the Interstate System, or is of such low intensity or brilliance as not to cause glare or to impair the vision of the driver of any motor vehicle, or to otherwise interfere with...

  1. 23 CFR 750.106 - Class 3 and 4 signs within informational sites.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... the main-traveled way of the Interstate System, or is of such low intensity or brilliance as not to cause glare or to impair the vision of the driver of any motor vehicle, or to otherwise interfere with...

  2. 78 FR 41975 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-07-12

    ... violations in a CMV. Westcott G. Clarke Mr. Clarke, 63, has had optic neuropathy in his left eye since 2003... optic neuropathy in his left eye since 2008. The visual acuity in his right eye is 20/25, and in his...

  3. Colour blindness in everyday life and car driving.

    PubMed

    Tagarelli, Antonio; Piro, Anna; Tagarelli, Giuseppe; Lantieri, Pasquale Bruno; Risso, Domenico; Olivieri, Rosario Luciano

    2004-08-01

    The aim of the present work was to ascertain, through the administration of a psychosocial questionnaire, the difficulties that subjects with defective colour vision experience in carrying out everyday tasks and work, including driving a car with a driver's licence held for no more than 3 years. Subjects with defective colour vision (n = 151) and subjects with normal vision (n = 302) completed a psychosocial questionnaire regarding the difficulties associated with congenital colour vision deficiency in daily life, work and driving a car. Subjects were diagnosed as colour-blind using the Ishihara test. Statistically significant differences between the two samples were found for daily life activities. Subjects with defective colour vision preferred daytime driving. At night, subjects with defective colour vision had difficulty identifying reflectors on the road and the rear signal lights of cars ahead of them. Colour-blind Calabrian subjects admitted to experiencing colour-related difficulties with a wide range of occupational tasks and leisure pursuits. In particular, colour-blind Calabrian subjects preferred daytime driving, and fewer drove regularly, compared to orthochromatics, who were indifferent to night or daytime driving.

  4. Divided attention in young drivers under the influence of alcohol.

    PubMed

    Freydier, C; Berthelon, C; Bastien-Toniazzo, M; Gineyt, G

    2014-06-01

    The present research evaluates driving impairment linked to divided attention task and alcohol and determines whether it is higher for novice drivers than for experienced drivers. Novice and experienced drivers participated in three experimental sessions in which blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) were 0.0 g/L, 0.2 g/L, and 0.5 g/L. They performed a divided attention task with a main task of car-following task and an additional task of number parity identification. Driving performance, response time and accuracy on the additional task were measured. ANOVA showed a driving impairment and a decrease in additional task performance from a BAC of 0.5 g/L, particularly for novice drivers. Indeed, the latter adopt more risky behavior such as tailgating. In the divided attention task, driving impairment was found for all drivers and impairment on information processing accuracy was highlighted, notably in peripheral vision. The divided attention task used here provides a relevant method for identifying the effects of alcohol on cognitive functions and could be used in psychopharmacological research. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  5. Deep-Space Optical Communications: Visions, Trends, and Prospects

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Cesarone, R. J.; Abraham, D. S.; Shambayati, S.; Rush, J.

    2011-01-01

    Current key initiatives in deep-space optical communications are treated in terms of historical context, contemporary trends, and prospects for the future. An architectural perspective focusing on high-level drivers, systems, and related operations concepts is provided. Detailed subsystem and component topics are not addressed. A brief overview of past ideas and architectural concepts sets the stage for current developments. Current requirements that might drive a transition from radio frequencies to optical communications are examined. These drivers include mission demand for data rates and/or data volumes; spectrum to accommodate such data rates; and desired power, mass, and cost benefits. As is typical, benefits come with associated challenges. For optical communications, these include atmospheric effects, link availability, pointing, and background light. The paper describes how NASA's Space Communication and Navigation Office will respond to the drivers, achieve the benefits, and mitigate the challenges, as documented in its Optical Communications Roadmap. Some nontraditional architectures and operations concepts are advanced in an effort to realize benefits and mitigate challenges as quickly as possible. Radio frequency communications is considered as both a competitor to and a partner with optical communications. The paper concludes with some suggestions for two affordable first steps that can yet evolve into capable architectures that will fulfill the vision inherent in optical communications.

  6. Driver hand activity analysis in naturalistic driving studies: challenges, algorithms, and experimental studies

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ohn-Bar, Eshed; Martin, Sujitha; Trivedi, Mohan Manubhai

    2013-10-01

    We focus on vision-based hand activity analysis in the vehicular domain. The study is motivated by the overarching goal of understanding driver behavior, in particular as it relates to attentiveness and risk. First, the unique advantages and challenges for a nonintrusive, vision-based solution are reviewed. Next, two approaches for hand activity analysis, one relying on static (appearance only) cues and another on dynamic (motion) cues, are compared. The motion-cue-based hand detection uses temporally accumulated edges in order to maintain the most reliable and relevant motion information. The accumulated image is fitted with ellipses in order to produce the location of the hands. The method is used to identify three hand activity classes: (1) two hands on the wheel, (2) hand on the instrument panel, (3) hand on the gear shift. The static-cue-based method extracts features in each frame in order to learn a hand presence model for each of the three regions. A second-stage classifier (linear support vector machine) produces the final activity classification. Experimental evaluation with different users and environmental variations under real-world driving shows the promise of applying the proposed systems for both postanalysis of captured driving data as well as for real-time driver assistance.

  7. Image enhancement filters significantly improve reading performance for low vision observers

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Lawton, T. B.

    1992-01-01

    As people age, so do their photoreceptors; many photoreceptors in central vision stop functioning when a person reaches their late sixties or early seventies. Low vision observers with losses in central vision, those with age-related maculopathies, were studied. Low vision observers no longer see high spatial frequencies, being unable to resolve fine edge detail. We developed image enhancement filters to compensate for the low vision observer's losses in contrast sensitivity to intermediate and high spatial frequencies. The filters work by boosting the amplitude of the less visible intermediate spatial frequencies. The lower spatial frequencies. These image enhancement filters not only reduce the magnification needed for reading by up to 70 percent, but they also increase the observer's reading speed by 2-4 times. A summary of this research is presented.

  8. An augmented-reality edge enhancement application for Google Glass.

    PubMed

    Hwang, Alex D; Peli, Eli

    2014-08-01

    Google Glass provides a platform that can be easily extended to include a vision enhancement tool. We have implemented an augmented vision system on Glass, which overlays enhanced edge information over the wearer's real-world view, to provide contrast-improved central vision to the Glass wearers. The enhanced central vision can be naturally integrated with scanning. Google Glass' camera lens distortions were corrected by using an image warping. Because the camera and virtual display are horizontally separated by 16 mm, and the camera aiming and virtual display projection angle are off by 10°, the warped camera image had to go through a series of three-dimensional transformations to minimize parallax errors before the final projection to the Glass' see-through virtual display. All image processes were implemented to achieve near real-time performance. The impacts of the contrast enhancements were measured for three normal-vision subjects, with and without a diffuser film to simulate vision loss. For all three subjects, significantly improved contrast sensitivity was achieved when the subjects used the edge enhancements with a diffuser film. The performance boost is limited by the Glass camera's performance. The authors assume that this accounts for why performance improvements were observed only with the diffuser filter condition (simulating low vision). Improvements were measured with simulated visual impairments. With the benefit of see-through augmented reality edge enhancement, natural visual scanning process is possible and suggests that the device may provide better visual function in a cosmetically and ergonomically attractive format for patients with macular degeneration.

  9. Development and evaluation of vision rehabilitation devices.

    PubMed

    Luo, Gang; Peli, Eli

    2011-01-01

    We have developed a range of vision rehabilitation devices and techniques for people with impaired vision due to either central vision loss or severely restricted peripheral visual field. We have conducted evaluation studies with patients to test the utilities of these techniques in an effort to document their advantages as well as their limitations. Here we describe our work on a visual field expander based on a head mounted display (HMD) for tunnel vision, a vision enhancement device for central vision loss, and a frequency domain JPEG/MPEG based image enhancement technique. All the evaluation studies included visual search paradigms that are suitable for conducting indoor controllable experiments.

  10. Naturalistic distraction and driving safety in older drivers

    PubMed Central

    Aksan, Nazan; Dawson, Jeffrey D.; Emerson, Jamie L.; Yu, Lixi; Uc, Ergun Y.; Anderson, Steven W.; Rizzo, Matthew

    2013-01-01

    Objective This study aimed to quantify and compare performance of middle-aged and older drivers during a naturalistic distraction paradigm (visual search for roadside targets) and predict older driver performance given functioning in visual, motor, and cognitive domains. Background Distracted driving can imperil healthy adults and may disproportionally affect the safety of older drivers with visual, motor, and cognitive decline. Methods Two hundred and three drivers, 120 healthy older (61 men and 59 women, ages 65 years or greater) and 83 middle-aged drivers (38 men and 45 women, ages 40–64 years), participated in an on-road test in an instrumented vehicle. Outcome measures included performance in roadside target identification (traffic signs and restaurants) and concurrent driver safety. Differences in visual, motor, and cognitive functioning served as predictors. Results Older drivers identified fewer landmarks and drove slower but committed more safety errors than middle-aged drivers. Greater familiarity with local roads benefited performance of middle-aged but not older drivers. Visual cognition predicted both traffic sign identification and safety errors while executive function predicted traffic sign identification over and above vision. Conclusion Older adults are susceptible to driving safety errors while distracted by common secondary visual search tasks that are inherent to driving. The findings underscore that age-related cognitive decline affects older driver management of driving tasks at multiple levels, and can help inform the design of on-road tests and interventions for older drivers. PMID:23964422

  11. Commercial Flight Crew Decision-Making during Low-Visibility Approach Operations Using Fused Synthetic/Enhanced Vision Systems

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Kramer, Lynda J.; Bailey, Randall E.; Prinzel, Lawrence J., III

    2007-01-01

    NASA is investigating revolutionary crew-vehicle interface technologies that strive to proactively overcome aircraft safety barriers that would otherwise constrain the full realization of the next-generation air transportation system. A fixed-based piloted simulation experiment was conducted to evaluate the complementary use of Synthetic and Enhanced Vision technologies. Specific focus was placed on new techniques for integration and/or fusion of Enhanced and Synthetic Vision and its impact within a two-crew flight deck on the crew's decision-making process during low-visibility approach and landing operations. Overall, the experimental data showed that significant improvements in situation awareness, without concomitant increases in workload and display clutter, could be provided by the integration and/or fusion of synthetic and enhanced vision technologies for the pilot-flying and the pilot-not-flying. During non-normal operations, the ability of the crew to handle substantial navigational errors and runway incursions were neither improved nor adversely impacted by the display concepts. The addition of Enhanced Vision may not, unto itself, provide an improvement in runway incursion detection without being specifically tailored for this application. Existing enhanced vision system procedures were effectively used in the crew decision-making process during approach and missed approach operations but having to forcibly transition from an excellent FLIR image to natural vision by 100 ft above field level was awkward for the pilot-flying.

  12. Fusion of Optimized Indicators from Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) for Driver Drowsiness Detection

    PubMed Central

    Daza, Iván G.; Bergasa, Luis M.; Bronte, Sebastián; Yebes, J. Javier; Almazán, Javier; Arroyo, Roberto

    2014-01-01

    This paper presents a non-intrusive approach for monitoring driver drowsiness using the fusion of several optimized indicators based on driver physical and driving performance measures, obtained from ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistant Systems) in simulated conditions. The paper is focused on real-time drowsiness detection technology rather than on long-term sleep/awake regulation prediction technology. We have developed our own vision system in order to obtain robust and optimized driver indicators able to be used in simulators and future real environments. These indicators are principally based on driver physical and driving performance skills. The fusion of several indicators, proposed in the literature, is evaluated using a neural network and a stochastic optimization method to obtain the best combination. We propose a new method for ground-truth generation based on a supervised Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS). An extensive evaluation of indicators, derived from trials over a third generation simulator with several test subjects during different driving sessions, was performed. The main conclusions about the performance of single indicators and the best combinations of them are included, as well as the future works derived from this study. PMID:24412904

  13. Senior automobile crashes and fatalities in Texas : are older Texas drivers safe?

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2011-09-01

    Many factors can contribute to a senior being involved in a traffic accident, i.e. poor vision, declining : health, roadway hazards, and declining driving skills, etc. Throughout the US, laws are being enacted to : ensure that seniors can continue dr...

  14. The Selection and Training of School Bus Drivers.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    McKnight, A. James; And Others

    This report describes procedures used in developing a set of selection requirements and training objectives for operators of school buses. The selection requirements include collection and interpretation of personal history and other background information, physical examination covering vision, hearing, handicaps, and general health, written…

  15. 76 FR 25763 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-05-05

    ... Pulido, Oliver Murphy, Jerome Smalls, Alan Jenkins, Ryan Forsythe, Terry L. Randoll, Edward Joseph... for an exemption. Thomas L. Newingham, Joseph Barlow. The following 2 applicants do not have.... Royce Thomas, Randy Fielder. The following 4 applicants were denied for miscellaneous/multiple reasons...

  16. Interactive Tools for Measuring Visual Scanning Performance and Reaction Time

    PubMed Central

    Seeanner, Julia; Hennessy, Sarah; Manganelli, Joseph; Crisler, Matthew; Rosopa, Patrick; Jenkins, Casey; Anderson, Michael; Drouin, Nathalie; Belle, Leah; Truesdail, Constance; Tanner, Stephanie

    2017-01-01

    Occupational therapists are constantly searching for engaging, high-technology interactive tasks that provide immediate feedback to evaluate and train clients with visual scanning deficits. This study examined the relationship between two tools: the VISION COACH™ interactive light board and the Functional Object Detection© (FOD) Advanced driving simulator scenario. Fifty-four healthy drivers, ages 21–66 yr, were divided into three age groups. Participants performed braking response and visual target (E) detection tasks of the FOD Advanced driving scenario, followed by two sets of three trials using the VISION COACH Full Field 60 task. Results showed no significant effect of age on FOD Advanced performance but a significant effect of age on VISION COACH performance. Correlations showed that participants’ performance on both braking and E detection tasks were significantly positively correlated with performance on the VISION COACH (.37 < r < .40, p < .01). These tools provide new options for therapists. PMID:28218598

  17. Can Mc Leod's Naturoptic Vision Improvement Patent Innovations Be Transferred, with Franchise Safeguards, to Specialists in the Arts and Sciences, Education, Engineering, Law, Medicine and Research, to Other Countries, by Teachers he has Trained?

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ataide, Italani; Ataide, Jade; McLeod, Roger

    2006-03-01

    We hope that we can soon demonstrate that an important part of a nation's scientific, technologic, health and other educational or economic indicators, such as productivity and agrarian progress, are linked to the visual capabilities of its population. We propose to engage Brazilians specifically, and other South or Central Americans generally, in deciding whether Naturoptic Vision Improvement patent innovations or services, can be nurtured by the countries involved, for a franchisor who will be granting time-limited but protected and profit-free use permission, for the purposes referred to above. Cost-benefit analyses are readily accomplished. Insurers can easily improve their profitability by establishing that their clients, whose vision has been Naturoptically improved, are safer drivers than individuals with static vision states, caused or abetted by glasses, contacts or surgically altered corneas.

  18. The role of driver rehabilitation in extending the driving lifetimes and enhancing the mobility of older adults.

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2013-06-01

    This study explored the role and impact of driver rehabilitation for older adults on extending : driving lifetimes and enhancing mobility. Specifically, the focus was on the effects of driver : rehabilitation on older adults abilities to continue ...

  19. "The little squealer" or "the virtual guardian angel"? Young drivers' and their parents' perspective on using a driver monitoring technology and its implications for parent-young driver communication.

    PubMed

    Guttman, Nurit; Gesser-Edelsburg, Anat

    2011-02-01

    In-vehicle driving monitoring technologies have the potential to enable young drivers to learn from self-assessment. However, their use is largely dependent on parental involvement. A total of 79 interviews were conducted with young drivers and parents regarding this technology and its use. Most had the experience of having an in-vehicle data recorder installed in the vehicle driven by the young drivers. Parents and the young drivers expressed both appreciation as well as reservations about its potential as a means to enhance the driving safety of young drivers. A surprising finding was that some parents did not check the feedback and said they relied on the young driver to do so. Main concerns related to privacy, parent-young driver relationship, self-esteem and confidence, constructive use of the feedback data, and the limitations of the documentation that can be done by the technology. Providing parents and young drivers with a support system and tools to discuss and utilize the feedback are underscored. Challenges include addressing the invasion of young drivers' privacy and gender differences, and using the monitoring-capacity of the technology to enhance safe driving practices. Implications for programs to enhance communication and a dialogical approach between parents and young drivers are discussed. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  20. Federal regulation of vision enhancement devices for normal and abnormal vision

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Drum, Bruce

    2006-09-01

    The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) evaluates the safety and effectiveness of medical devices and biological products as well as food and drugs. The FDA defines a device as a product that is intended, by physical means, to diagnose, treat, or prevent disease, or to affect the structure or function of the body. All vision enhancement devices fulfill this definition because they are intended to affect a function (vision) of the body. In practice, however, FDA historically has drawn a distinction between devices that are intended to enhance low vision as opposed to normal vision. Most low vision aids are therapeutic devices intended to compensate for visual impairment, and are actively regulated according to their level of risk to the patient. The risk level is usually low (e.g. Class I, exempt from 510(k) submission requirements for magnifiers that do not touch the eye), but can be as high as Class III (requiring a clinical trial and Premarket Approval (PMA) application) for certain implanted and prosthetic devices (e.g. intraocular telescopes and prosthetic retinal implants). In contrast, the FDA usually does not actively enforce its regulations for devices that are intended to enhance normal vision, are low risk, and do not have a medical intended use. However, if an implanted or prosthetic device were developed for enhancing normal vision, the FDA would likely decide to regulate it actively, because its intended use would entail a substantial medical risk to the user. Companies developing such devices should contact the FDA at an early stage to clarify their regulatory status.

  1. Fusion of Synthetic and Enhanced Vision for All-Weather Commercial Aviation Operations

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Bailey, Randall E.; Kramer, Lynda J.; Prinzel, Lawrence, III

    2007-01-01

    NASA is developing revolutionary crew-vehicle interface technologies that strive to proactively overcome aircraft safety barriers that would otherwise constrain the full realization of the next-generation air transportation system. A piloted simulation experiment was conducted to evaluate the complementary use of Synthetic and Enhanced Vision technologies. Specific focus was placed on new techniques for integration and/or fusion of Enhanced and Synthetic Vision and its impact within a two-crew flight deck during low visibility approach and landing operations. Overall, the experimental data showed that significant improvements in situation awareness, without concomitant increases in workload and display clutter, could be provided by the integration and/or fusion of synthetic and enhanced vision technologies for the pilot-flying and the pilot-not-flying. During non-normal operations, the ability of the crew to handle substantial navigational errors and runway incursions were not adversely impacted by the display concepts although the addition of Enhanced Vision did not, unto itself, provide an improvement in runway incursion detection.

  2. EPA’s Children’s Environmental Health Roadmap: applying the 21st century vision to prenatal development (Teratology)

    EPA Science Inventory

    Understanding the complex relationships between environmental exposures and early life susceptibility in assessing the risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes requires advanced knowledge of biological systems. This broad research is one of several drivers for the Children’s Environme...

  3. 76 FR 69793 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-11-09

    ... Carlos R. Gonzalez Jerard David Menyhart Danny Michael Harris Kevin Palmer Moises P. Ibarra Jeffery O... Roscoe Brittain III Jerry M. Puckett Larry Dexter Georgia Marcum John Darr Kevin Menard Christopher Jax Charles Ray Brittain Kevin Robert Cowger Clifford Blaine Thompson Timothy Garland Kevin Barker The...

  4. The Visually Impaired Driver in New York State.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Weiss, Norman J.

    1979-01-01

    The article describes a three-part driving program for low vision persons in which potential trainees are first interviewed for problems which may interfere with success, then trained to recognize objects through a bioptic lens system, and finally trained on road signs and markings. (Author/CL)

  5. Intelligent transportation systems field operational test cross-cutting study : emissions management using ITS technology

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    1999-09-01

    The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) began the Federal Waiver Study Program in 1992. The Vision Waiver Program began in July 1992, when 2,686 drivers were accepted into the program. The Diabetes Waiver Program began in mid-1993 when 139 waivers ...

  6. Visual Sensory and Visual-Cognitive Function and Rate of Crash and Near-Crash Involvement Among Older Drivers Using Naturalistic Driving Data

    PubMed Central

    Huisingh, Carrie; Levitan, Emily B.; Irvin, Marguerite R.; MacLennan, Paul; Wadley, Virginia; Owsley, Cynthia

    2017-01-01

    Purpose An innovative methodology using naturalistic driving data was used to examine the association between visual sensory and visual-cognitive function and rates of future crash or near-crash involvement among older drivers. Methods The Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP2) Naturalistic Driving Study was used for this prospective analysis. The sample consisted of N = 659 drivers aged ≥70 years and study participation lasted 1 or 2 years for most participants. Distance and near visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, peripheral vision, visual processing speed, and visuospatial skills were assessed at baseline. Crash and near-crash involvement were based on video recordings and vehicle sensors. Poisson regression models were used to generate crude and adjusted rate ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals, while accounting for person-miles of travel. Results After adjustment, severe impairment of the useful field of view (RR = 1.33) was associated with an increased rate of near-crash involvement. Crash, severe crash, and at-fault crash involvement were associated with impaired contrast sensitivity in the worse eye (RRs = 1.38, 1.54, and 1.44, respectively) and far peripheral field loss in both eyes (RRs = 1.74, 2.32, and 1.73, respectively). Conclusions Naturalistic driving data suggest that contrast sensitivity in the worse eye and far peripheral field loss in both eyes elevate the rates of crash involvement, and impaired visual processing speed elevates rates of near-crash involvement among older drivers. Naturalistic driving data may ultimately be critical for understanding the relationship between vision and driving safety. PMID:28605807

  7. An Augmented-Reality Edge Enhancement Application for Google Glass

    PubMed Central

    Hwang, Alex D.; Peli, Eli

    2014-01-01

    Purpose Google Glass provides a platform that can be easily extended to include a vision enhancement tool. We have implemented an augmented vision system on Glass, which overlays enhanced edge information over the wearer’s real world view, to provide contrast-improved central vision to the Glass wearers. The enhanced central vision can be naturally integrated with scanning. Methods Goggle Glass’s camera lens distortions were corrected by using an image warping. Since the camera and virtual display are horizontally separated by 16mm, and the camera aiming and virtual display projection angle are off by 10°, the warped camera image had to go through a series of 3D transformations to minimize parallax errors before the final projection to the Glass’ see-through virtual display. All image processes were implemented to achieve near real-time performance. The impacts of the contrast enhancements were measured for three normal vision subjects, with and without a diffuser film to simulate vision loss. Results For all three subjects, significantly improved contrast sensitivity was achieved when the subjects used the edge enhancements with a diffuser film. The performance boost is limited by the Glass camera’s performance. The authors assume this accounts for why performance improvements were observed only with the diffuser filter condition (simulating low vision). Conclusions Improvements were measured with simulated visual impairments. With the benefit of see-through augmented reality edge enhancement, natural visual scanning process is possible, and suggests that the device may provide better visual function in a cosmetically and ergonomically attractive format for patients with macular degeneration. PMID:24978871

  8. Visually Impaired Drivers Who Use Bioptic Telescopes: Self-Assessed Driving Skills and Agreement With On-Road Driving Evaluation

    PubMed Central

    Owsley, Cynthia; McGwin, Gerald; Elgin, Jennifer; Wood, Joanne M.

    2014-01-01

    Purpose. To compare self-assessed driving habits and skills of licensed drivers with central visual loss who use bioptic telescopes to those of age-matched normally sighted drivers, and to examine the association between bioptic drivers' impressions of the quality of their driving and ratings by a “backseat” evaluator. Methods. Participants were licensed bioptic drivers (n = 23) and age-matched normally sighted drivers (n = 23). A questionnaire was administered addressing driving difficulty, space, quality, exposure, and, for bioptic drivers, whether the telescope was helpful in on-road situations. Visual acuity and contrast sensitivity were assessed. Information on ocular diagnosis, telescope characteristics, and bioptic driving experience was collected from the medical record or in interview. On-road driving performance in regular traffic conditions was rated independently by two evaluators. Results. Like normally sighted drivers, bioptic drivers reported no or little difficulty in many driving situations (e.g., left turns, rush hour), but reported more difficulty under poor visibility conditions and in unfamiliar areas (P < 0.05). Driving exposure was reduced in bioptic drivers (driving 250 miles per week on average vs. 410 miles per week for normally sighted drivers, P = 0.02), but driving space was similar to that of normally sighted drivers (P = 0.29). All but one bioptic driver used the telescope in at least one driving task, and 56% used the telescope in three or more tasks. Bioptic drivers' judgments about the quality of their driving were very similar to backseat evaluators' ratings. Conclusions. Bioptic drivers show insight into the overall quality of their driving and areas in which they experience driving difficulty. They report using the bioptic telescope while driving, contrary to previous claims that it is primarily used to pass the vision screening test at licensure. PMID:24370830

  9. Visually impaired drivers who use bioptic telescopes: self-assessed driving skills and agreement with on-road driving evaluation.

    PubMed

    Owsley, Cynthia; McGwin, Gerald; Elgin, Jennifer; Wood, Joanne M

    2014-01-15

    To compare self-assessed driving habits and skills of licensed drivers with central visual loss who use bioptic telescopes to those of age-matched normally sighted drivers, and to examine the association between bioptic drivers' impressions of the quality of their driving and ratings by a "backseat" evaluator. Participants were licensed bioptic drivers (n = 23) and age-matched normally sighted drivers (n = 23). A questionnaire was administered addressing driving difficulty, space, quality, exposure, and, for bioptic drivers, whether the telescope was helpful in on-road situations. Visual acuity and contrast sensitivity were assessed. Information on ocular diagnosis, telescope characteristics, and bioptic driving experience was collected from the medical record or in interview. On-road driving performance in regular traffic conditions was rated independently by two evaluators. Like normally sighted drivers, bioptic drivers reported no or little difficulty in many driving situations (e.g., left turns, rush hour), but reported more difficulty under poor visibility conditions and in unfamiliar areas (P < 0.05). Driving exposure was reduced in bioptic drivers (driving 250 miles per week on average vs. 410 miles per week for normally sighted drivers, P = 0.02), but driving space was similar to that of normally sighted drivers (P = 0.29). All but one bioptic driver used the telescope in at least one driving task, and 56% used the telescope in three or more tasks. Bioptic drivers' judgments about the quality of their driving were very similar to backseat evaluators' ratings. Bioptic drivers show insight into the overall quality of their driving and areas in which they experience driving difficulty. They report using the bioptic telescope while driving, contrary to previous claims that it is primarily used to pass the vision screening test at licensure.

  10. 75 FR 22175 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-04-27

    ..., James Layfield, Dana O. Lundgren, Raymond Meza, Robert L. Moore, Charles Noll, George H. Southland..., Robert Key, Christopher D. Linden, Patrick W. Merkel, Gene M. Morris, James L. Putnam, Jr., Donald W.... Glaser, George Klopf, Luke R. Lafley, Brian K. La Joie, John L. Langill, Gregg A. Lindberg, John R...

  11. 75 FR 8184 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-02-23

    .... Burke, Barton C. Caldara, Allan Darley, Robin S. England, Charles D. Grady, Richard Hailey, Jr., Robert V. Hodges, George R. Knavel, John R. Knott, III, Timothy S. Miller, Roger D. Mollak, Edward D....regulations.gov . FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Dr. Mary D. Gunnels, Director, Medical Programs, (202) 366...

  12. 76 FR 55460 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Diabetes Mellitus

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-09-07

    ... exemption from the prohibition against persons with insulin-treated diabetes mellitus (ITDM) operating... using insulin, and is able to drive a CMV safely. Mr. Akins meets the requirements of the vision... his diabetes using insulin, and is able to drive a CMV safely. Mr. Bellows meets the requirements of...

  13. 78 FR 78479 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Diabetes Mellitus

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-12-26

    ... insulin- treated diabetes mellitus (ITDM) operating commercial motor vehicles (CMVs) in interstate... his diabetes using insulin, and is able to drive a CMV safely. Mr. Andrus meets the requirements of... using insulin, and is able to drive a CMV safely. Mr. Anger meets the requirements of the vision...

  14. 78 FR 32704 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Diabetes Mellitus

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-05-31

    ... exemption from the prohibition against persons with insulin-treated diabetes mellitus (ITDM) operating... understands diabetes management and monitoring, has stable control of his diabetes using insulin, and is able... using insulin, and is able to drive a CMV safely. Mr. Blakeslee meets the vision requirements of 49 CFR...

  15. 75 FR 70078 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-11-16

    ... Federal Register on January 17, 2008 (73 FR 3316), or you may visit http://edocket.access.gpo.gov/2008/pdf/E8-785.pdf . Background On September 9, 2010, FMCSA published a notice of receipt of exemption..., University of California Publications in Statistics, April 1952). Other studies demonstrated theories of...

  16. 78 FR 63307 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-10-23

    ..., business, labor union, etc.). You may review DOT's Privacy Act Statement for the Federal Docket Management... requested comments from the public (78 FR 47818). That notice listed 25 applicants' case histories. The 25... predicting crash proneness from crash history coupled with other factors. These factors--such as age, sex...

  17. 77 FR 38379 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-06-27

    ... that we received your comments, please include a self-addressed, stamped envelope or postcard or print... period. Accordingly, FMCSA has evaluated the seven applications on their merits and made a determination... 27852). Basis for Exemption Determination Under 49 U.S.C. 31136(e) and 31315, FMCSA may grant an...

  18. 76 FR 79761 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-12-22

    ... acknowledgment that we received your comments, please include a self- addressed, stamped envelope or postcard or... period. Accordingly, FMCSA has evaluated the four applications on their merits and made a determination... discussed in detail in the October 31, 2011 notice (76 FR 67248). Basis for Exemption Determination Under 49...

  19. 76 FR 20076 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-04-11

    ... acknowledgment that we received your comments, please include a self- addressed, stamped envelope or postcard or... period. Accordingly, FMCSA has evaluated the 23 applications on their merits and made a determination to... discussed in detail in the Februay 22, 2011 notice (76 FR 9856). Basis for Exemption Determination Under 49...

  20. 75 FR 9478 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-03-02

    ... your comments, please include a self-addressed, stamped envelope or postcard or print the..., FMCSA has evaluated the 24 applications on their merits and made a determination to grant exemptions to... for Exemption Determination Under 49 U.S.C. 31136(e) and 31315, FMCSA may grant an exemption from the...

  1. 78 FR 34141 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-06-06

    ... your comments, please include a self-addressed, stamped envelope or postcard or print the... the 26 applications on their merits and made a determination to grant exemptions to each of them... 20376). Basis for Exemption Determination Under 49 U.S.C. 31136(e) and 31315, FMCSA may grant an...

  2. 76 FR 37885 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-06-28

    ... your comments, please include a self-addressed, stamped envelope or postcard or print the..., FMCSA has evaluated the 19 applications on their merits and made a determination to grant exemptions to... (76 FR 25766). Basis for Exemption Determination Under 49 U.S.C. 31136(e) and 31315, FMCSA may grant...

  3. 77 FR 38386 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-06-27

    ... that we received your comments, please include a self-addressed, stamped envelope or postcard or print... period. Accordingly, FMCSA has evaluated the eight applications on their merits and made a determination... notice (77 FR 27847). Basis for Exemption Determination Under 49 U.S.C. 31136(e) and 31315, FMCSA may...

  4. 76 FR 61143 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-10-03

    ... your comments, please include a self-addressed, stamped envelope or postcard or print the.... Accordingly, FMCSA has evaluated the 17 applications on their merits and made a determination to grant... notice (76 FR 49528). Basis for Exemption Determination Under 49 U.S.C. 31136(e) and 31315, FMCSA may...

  5. 75 FR 28682 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-05-21

    ... your comments, please include a self-addressed, stamped envelope or postcard or print the.... Accordingly, FMCSA has evaluated the 19 applications on their merits and made a determination to grant...). Basis for Exemption Determination Under 49 U.S.C. 31136(e) and 31315, FMCSA may grant an exemption from...

  6. 76 FR 28125 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-05-13

    ... your comments, please include a self-addressed, stamped envelope or postcard or print the... period. Accordingly, FMCSA has evaluated the 16 applications on their merits and made a determination to... notice (76 FR 17481). Basis for Exemption Determination Under 49 U.S.C. 31136(e) and 31315, FMCSA may...

  7. 78 FR 67454 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-11-12

    ... his right eye is 20/20, and in his left eye, no light perception. Following an examination in 2013... perception. Following an examination in 2013, his optometrist noted, ``His visual condition is stable and he... small risk of progression, and the added safety concern with commercial vehicle operation.'' Mr. Granby...

  8. 78 FR 56993 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-09-16

    ... eRulemaking Portal: Go to http://www.regulations.gov . Follow the on-line instructions for..., between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday through Friday, except Federal Holidays. Fax: 1-202-493-2251....m. and 5 p.m., Monday through Friday, except Federal holidays. The Federal Docket Management System...

  9. 77 FR 36331 - Nineteenth Meeting: RTCA Special Committee 213, Enhanced Flight Vision Systems/Synthetic Vision...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-06-18

    ... Document--Draft DO-XXX, Minimum Aviation Performance Standards (MASPS) for an Enhanced Flight Vision System... Discussion (9:00 a.m.-5:00 p.m.) Provide Comment Resolution of Document--Draft DO-XXX, Minimum Aviation.../Approve FRAC Draft for PMC Consideration--Draft DO- XXX, Minimum Aviation Performance Standards (MASPS...

  10. Drivers` activities and information needs in an automated highway system. Working paper, August 1995-May 1996

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Levitan, L.; Bloomfield, J.

    1996-10-01

    In most visions of the AHS--including that of the National Automated Highway System Consortium--it has been assumed that when a vehicle was under automated control, the driver would be allowed to engage in any of a variety of activities not related to driving (e.g, working, reading, sleeping). The objective of the first study reported here--one of the noncommuter studies--was to determine what drivers do when traveling under automated control, and whether the age of and/gender or the driver and/or the intrastring gap have an influence on those activities. One the objectives of the commuter experiment--of relevance for this report--was tomore » determine whether what drivers do when traveling under automated control changes as a function of experience with the AHS (i.e., across trials). As conceptualization of the AHS proceeds, the details of the interface between the driver and the in-vehicle system will become more important. One part of that interface will be information supplied by the AHS to the driver, perhaps about such things as traffic conditions ahead predicted trip time to the driver`s selected exit, and so on. To maximize the utility of that information, it is important to determine what it is that drivers would like to know when traveling under automated control. The objective of the third study reported here--the second of the five noncommuter experiments--was to provide a first investigation of that issue.« less

  11. Cosmic Visions Dark Energy: Small Projects Portfolio

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Dawson, Kyle; Frieman, Josh; Heitmann, Katrin

    Understanding cosmic acceleration is one of the key science drivers for astrophysics and high-energy physics in the coming decade (2014 P5 Report). With the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) and the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) and other new facilities beginning operations soon, we are entering an exciting phase during which we expect an order of magnitude improvement in constraints on dark energy and the physics of the accelerating Universe. This is a key moment for a matching Small Projects portfolio that can (1) greatly enhance the science reach of these flagship projects, (2) have immediate scientific impact, and (3)more » lay the groundwork for the next stages of the Cosmic Frontier Dark Energy program. In this White Paper, we outline a balanced portfolio that can accomplish these goals through a combination of observational, experimental, and theory and simulation efforts.« less

  12. Survey of health and licensing policies for taxi drivers in Singapore, Hong Kong and Australia: a perspective from evidence on older drivers.

    PubMed

    Chan, M L; Gustafsson, L; Liddle, J

    2010-12-01

    With an ageing population, policy makers need to balance active ageing needs with older driver safety. In 2009, a survey of licensing policies for taxi drivers in Singapore, Hong Kong and Australia was undertaken for an evidence-based review of policies. Licensing requirements collected using semi-structured questionnaires were compared descriptively and with evidence from licensing policies on older drivers. All the regions used medical certifications with vision screening. The frequency of medical certification varied according to the renewal cycle and age. Medical guidelines on fitness to drive were available in Australia and Singapore. Legislation for self-reporting of medical conditions by drivers existed in Australia and Hong Kong. Legislation for reporting at-risk drivers by doctors was limited to two Australian states. There were differences in the minimum age and driving experience criteria, the use of practical training, written and English tests, age-based screening, mandatory retirement age, refresher courses, off- and on-road tests. Medical screening for at-risk drivers remains crucial. Age-based mandatory retirement policy at 73 years in Singapore is contrary to evidence-based practice. The lack of legislation for self-reporting of illness by drivers, the high minimum age criteria and therapy driving assessments for healthy taxi drivers are also unique to Singapore. There was stricter age-based relicensing from the age of 65 years in some Australian states and in Singapore. Continuing education for doctors, multi-tier screening for at-risk drivers and licensing policy changes are indicated.

  13. The effect of age and gender on motor vehicle driver injury severity at highway-rail grade crossings in the United States.

    PubMed

    Hao, Wei; Kamga, Camille; Daniel, Janice

    2015-12-01

    Based on the Federal Railway Administration (FRA) database, there were 25,945 highway-rail crossing accidents in the United States between 2002 and 2011. With an extensive database of highway-rail grade crossing accidents in the United States from 2002 to 2011, estimation results showed that there were substantial differences across age/gender groups for driver's injury severity. The study applied an ordered probit model to explore the determinants of driver injury severity for motor vehicle drivers at highway-rail grade crossings. The analysis found that there are important behavioral and physical differences between male and female drivers given a highway-rail grade crossing accident happened. Older drivers have higher fatality probabilities when driving in open space under passive control especially during bad weather condition. Younger male drivers are found to be more likely to have severe injuries at rush hour with high vehicle speed passing unpaved highway-rail grade crossings under passive control. Synthesizing these results led to the conclusion that the primary problem with young is risk-taking and lack of vehicle handling skills. The strength of older drivers lies in their aversion to risk, but physical degradation issues which result in longer reaction/perception times and degradation in vision and hearing often counterbalance this attribute. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd and National Safety Council. All rights reserved.

  14. Enhanced/Synthetic Vision Systems - Human factors research and implications for future systems

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Foyle, David C.; Ahumada, Albert J.; Larimer, James; Sweet, Barbara T.

    1992-01-01

    This paper reviews recent human factors research studies conducted in the Aerospace Human Factors Research Division at NASA Ames Research Center related to the development and usage of Enhanced or Synthetic Vision Systems. Research discussed includes studies of field of view (FOV), representational differences of infrared (IR) imagery, head-up display (HUD) symbology, HUD advanced concept designs, sensor fusion, and sensor/database fusion and evaluation. Implications for the design and usage of Enhanced or Synthetic Vision Systems are discussed.

  15. Application of aircraft navigation sensors to enhanced vision systems

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Sweet, Barbara T.

    1993-01-01

    In this presentation, the applicability of various aircraft navigation sensors to enhanced vision system design is discussed. First, the accuracy requirements of the FAA for precision landing systems are presented, followed by the current navigation systems and their characteristics. These systems include Instrument Landing System (ILS), Microwave Landing System (MLS), Inertial Navigation, Altimetry, and Global Positioning System (GPS). Finally, the use of navigation system data to improve enhanced vision systems is discussed. These applications include radar image rectification, motion compensation, and image registration.

  16. Integrating millimeter wave radar with a monocular vision sensor for on-road obstacle detection applications.

    PubMed

    Wang, Tao; Zheng, Nanning; Xin, Jingmin; Ma, Zheng

    2011-01-01

    This paper presents a systematic scheme for fusing millimeter wave (MMW) radar and a monocular vision sensor for on-road obstacle detection. As a whole, a three-level fusion strategy based on visual attention mechanism and driver's visual consciousness is provided for MMW radar and monocular vision fusion so as to obtain better comprehensive performance. Then an experimental method for radar-vision point alignment for easy operation with no reflection intensity of radar and special tool requirements is put forward. Furthermore, a region searching approach for potential target detection is derived in order to decrease the image processing time. An adaptive thresholding algorithm based on a new understanding of shadows in the image is adopted for obstacle detection, and edge detection is used to assist in determining the boundary of obstacles. The proposed fusion approach is verified through real experimental examples of on-road vehicle/pedestrian detection. In the end, the experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and feasible.

  17. Interactive Tools for Measuring Visual Scanning Performance and Reaction Time.

    PubMed

    Brooks, Johnell; Seeanner, Julia; Hennessy, Sarah; Manganelli, Joseph; Crisler, Matthew; Rosopa, Patrick; Jenkins, Casey; Anderson, Michael; Drouin, Nathalie; Belle, Leah; Truesdail, Constance; Tanner, Stephanie

    Occupational therapists are constantly searching for engaging, high-technology interactive tasks that provide immediate feedback to evaluate and train clients with visual scanning deficits. This study examined the relationship between two tools: the VISION COACH™ interactive light board and the Functional Object Detection © (FOD) Advanced driving simulator scenario. Fifty-four healthy drivers, ages 21-66 yr, were divided into three age groups. Participants performed braking response and visual target (E) detection tasks of the FOD Advanced driving scenario, followed by two sets of three trials using the VISION COACH Full Field 60 task. Results showed no significant effect of age on FOD Advanced performance but a significant effect of age on VISION COACH performance. Correlations showed that participants' performance on both braking and E detection tasks were significantly positively correlated with performance on the VISION COACH (.37 < r < .40, p < .01). These tools provide new options for therapists. Copyright © 2017 by the American Occupational Therapy Association, Inc.

  18. 77 FR 12361 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-02-29

    .... FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Elaine M. Papp, Chief, Medical Programs Division, 202-366-4001, U.S... INFORMATION: Background Under 49 U.S.C. 31136(e) and 31315, FMCSA may grant an exemption from the Federal.... The list published in this notice summarizes the Agency's recent denials as required under 49 U.S.C...

  19. 75 FR 77945 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-12-14

    ... Randall S. Grauer Wesley A. Roberson Charles J. Dawber Darrell A. Harmon David M. Taylor Richard C. Dickinson Thomas W. Keel, Jr. David M. Wcisel Harold L. Elders Jay Rider The following 7 applicants had no... George Edward Mulherrin Alan D. Strain III John P. Chuda Mark Paugh Ronald R. Sumpter David L. Ellis...

  20. 77 FR 38384 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-06-27

    ... S. Johannsen (IA) Charles E. Johnston (MO) Harry L. Jones (OH) Mearl C. Kennedy (OH) Aaron C...) Bobby G. Minton (NC) Charles J. Morman (FL) Larry A. Nienhuis (MI) Corey L. Paraf (IL) Ronald M. Price (MD) John P. Raftis (FL) Scott D. Russell (WI) Alton M. Rutherford (FL) Charles L. Schnell (FL) Andrew...

  1. 78 FR 16761 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-03-18

    ... renewable two-year period. They are: Michael L. Ayers (AL) Paul V. Daluisio (NY) Tracy A. Doty (TN) Matthew A. Ericson (WI) Charles W. Hillyer (OH) Stephen R. Jackson (WY) Darrel R. Martin (MD) James W.... Whitehead (OH) Charles F. Wotring (OH) Forrest L. Wright (AL) The exemptions are extended subject to the...

  2. 75 FR 60861 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Renewals; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-10-01

    ..., Riche Ford, Kelly L. Foster, Kevin J. Friedel, Donald W. Garner, Paul W. Goebel, Jr., Ronnie L. Hanback... J. Lewis, Velmer L. McClelland, Larry McCoy, Sr., Robert W. McMillian, Danny W. Nuckles, Richard A..., Robert M. Stewart, John L. Stone, Nils S. Thornberg, Daniel W. Toppings, Kenneth E. Valentine...

  3. 75 FR 44050 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-07-27

    ..., Donald W. Garner, Paul W. Goebel, Jr., Ronnie L. Hanback, Steven G. Harter, Michael C. Hensley, George F..., Andrew C. Kelly, Jason W. King, James T. Leek, Billy J. Lewis, Velmer L. McClelland, Larry McCoy, Sr.... Thornberg, Daniel W. Toppings, Kenneth E. Valentine, Christopher R. Whitson, and George L. Young. The...

  4. 77 FR 56262 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-09-12

    ... (IL) Calvin D. Bills (VA) Joel W. Bryant (LA) Jonathan E. Carriaga (NM) Curtis E. Firari (WI) Percy L. Gaston (TX) Ronald M. Green (OH) Charles S. Huffman (KS) Richard Iocolano (NY) Daniel W. Johnson (NY) Charles R. Murphy (TX) Danny W. Nuckles (VA) Charles E. Queen (OH) Matias P. Quintanilla (CA) The...

  5. Build Bridge Believe: Houston Independent School District 2012-2013 Annual Report

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Houston Independent School District, 2013

    2013-01-01

    This report provides standard facts and figures about the Houston Independent School District's (HISD) finances, student populations, achievements, and more. HISD has humanized that data, as well, with vignettes and profiles that typify the remarkable programs and individuals in the district. One of the three drivers to achieve the vision of…

  6. 75 FR 42477 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Diabetes Mellitus

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-07-21

    ... exemption from the prohibition against persons with insulin-treated diabetes mellitus (ITDM) operating... his diabetes using insulin; and is able to drive a CMV safely. Mr. Boden meets the requirements of the... using insulin; and is able to drive a CMV safely. Mr. Bjerk meets the requirements of the vision...

  7. 78 FR 63298 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Diabetes Mellitus

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-10-23

    ... against persons with insulin- treated diabetes mellitus (ITDM) operating commercial motor vehicles (CMVs... his diabetes using insulin, and is able to drive a CMV safely. Mr. Batzel meets the requirements of... diabetes using insulin, and is able to drive a CMV safely. Mr. Benz meets the vision requirements of 49 CFR...

  8. 78 FR 63280 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Diabetes Mellitus

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-10-23

    ... prohibition against persons with insulin- treated diabetes mellitus (ITDM) operating commercial motor vehicles... diabetes using insulin, and is able to drive a CMV safely. Ms. Benfield meets the requirements of the... diabetes using insulin, and is able to drive a CMV safely. Mr. Bennett meets the requirements of the vision...

  9. 78 FR 12815 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-02-25

    ... each day, 365 days each year. If you want acknowledgment that we received your comments, please include... may grant an exemption from the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations for a 2-year period if it...-year period. The 21 individuals listed in this notice have each requested such an exemption from the...

  10. 77 FR 5874 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-02-06

    ... one crash in a CMV, for which he was cited for an unsecured load, and no other convictions for moving... crashes and no convictions for moving violations in a CMV. Gary Vines Mr. Vines, 47, has had complete loss... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration [Docket No. FMCSA-2011...

  11. 78 FR 10251 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-02-13

    ..., please include a self-addressed, stamped envelope or postcard or print the acknowledgement page that... since 2003. The visual acuity in his right eye is no light perception, and in his left eye, 20/20... right eye is light perception, and in his left eye, 20/20. Following an examination in 2012, his...

  12. 77 FR 46795 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-08-06

    ... that we received your comments, please include a self-addressed, stamped envelope or postcard or print... period. Accordingly, FMCSA has evaluated the 10 applications on their merits and made a determination to...). Basis for Exemption Determination Under 49 U.S.C. 31136(e) and 31315, FMCSA may grant an exemption from...

  13. 77 FR 33558 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-06-06

    ... that we received your comments, please include a self-addressed, stamped envelope or postcard or print... period. Accordingly, FMCSA has evaluated the ten applications on their merits and made a determination to...). Basis for Exemption Determination Under 49 U.S.C. 31136(e) and 31315, FMCSA may grant an exemption from...

  14. 77 FR 22059 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-04-12

    ... that we received your comments, please include a self-addressed, stamped envelope or postcard or print... period. Accordingly, FMCSA has evaluated the eleven applications on their merits and made a determination... February 13, 2012 notice (77 FR 7657). Basis for Exemption Determination Under 49 U.S.C. 31136(e) and 31315...

  15. 78 FR 77780 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-12-24

    ... that we received your comments, please include a self-addressed, stamped envelope or postcard or print... the 38 applications on their merits and made a determination to grant exemptions to each of them..., 2013 notice (78 FR 63302). Basis for Exemption Determination Under 49 U.S.C. 31136(e) and 31315, FMCSA...

  16. 76 FR 37883 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-06-28

    ... your comments, please include a self-addressed, stamped envelope or postcard or print the..., FMCSA has evaluated the 14 applications on their merits and made a determination to grant exemptions to... May 5, 2011 notice (76 FR 25764). Basis for Exemption Determination Under 49 U.S.C. 31136(e) and 31315...

  17. 76 FR 75943 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-12-05

    ... that we received your comments, please include a self-addressed, stamped envelope or postcard or print... period. Accordingly, FMCSA has evaluated the 14 applications on their merits and made a determination to...). Basis for Exemption Determination Under 49 U.S.C. 31136(e) and 31315, FMCSA may grant an exemption from...

  18. 76 FR 75940 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-12-05

    ... that we received your comments, please include a self-addressed, stamped envelope or postcard or print... period. Accordingly, FMCSA has evaluated the 5 applications on their merits and made a determination to...). Basis for Exemption Determination Under 49 U.S.C. 31136(e) and 31315, FMCSA may grant an exemption from...

  19. 75 FR 9482 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-03-02

    ... that we received your comments, please include a self-addressed, stamped envelope or postcard or print... period. Accordingly, FMCSA has evaluated the 33 applications on their merits and made a determination to...). Basis for Exemption Determination Under 49 U.S.C. 31136(e) and 31315, FMCSA may grant an exemption from...

  20. 77 FR 44708 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-07-30

    ... that we received your comments, please include a self-addressed, stamped envelope or postcard or print... period. Accordingly, FMCSA has evaluated the 12 applications on their merits and made a determination to... notice (77 FR 33017). Basis for Exemption Determination Under 49 U.S.C. 31136(e) and 31315, FMCSA may...

  1. 78 FR 46407 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-07-31

    ... that we received your comments, please include a self-addressed, stamped envelope or postcard or print... the 32 applications on their merits and made a determination to grant exemptions to each of them... notice (78 FR 24798). Basis for Exemption Determination Under 49 U.S.C. 31136(e) and 31315, FMCSA may...

  2. 76 FR 67246 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-10-31

    ... received your comments, please include a self-addressed, stamped envelope or postcard or print the..., FMCSA has evaluated the 16 applications on their merits and made a determination to grant exemptions to... September 7, 2011, notice (76 FR 55465). Basis for Exemption Determination Under 49 U.S.C. 31136(e) and...

  3. 75 FR 39727 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-07-12

    ... we received your comments, please include a self-addressed, stamped envelope or postcard or print the..., FMCSA has evaluated the 22 applications on their merits and made a determination to grant exemptions to... May 10, 2010 notice (75 FR 25917). Basis for Exemption Determination Under 49 U.S.C. 31136(e) and...

  4. 78 FR 76395 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-12-17

    ... that we received your comments, please include a self-addressed, stamped envelope or postcard or print... the 26 applications on their merits and made a determination to grant exemptions to each of them..., 2013 notice (78 FR 62935). Basis for Exemption Determination Under 49 U.S.C. 31136(e) and 31315, FMCSA...

  5. 78 FR 56986 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-09-16

    ... that we received your comments, please include a self-addressed, stamped envelope or postcard or print... the 32 applications on their merits and made a determination to grant exemptions to each of them...). Basis for Exemption Determination Under 49 U.S.C. 31136(e) and 31315, FMCSA may grant an exemption from...

  6. 76 FR 44082 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-07-22

    ... that we received your comments, please include a self-addressed, stamped envelope or postcard or print... period. Accordingly, FMCSA has evaluated the 16 applications on their merits and made a determination to... notice (76 FR 29022). Basis for Exemption Determination Under 49 U.S.C. 31136(e) and 31315, FMCSA may...

  7. 76 FR 5425 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-01-31

    ... that we received your comments, please include a self-addressed, stamped envelope or postcard or print... period. Accordingly, FMCSA has evaluated the 24 applications on their merits and made a determination to...). Basis for Exemption Determination Under 49 U.S.C. 31136(e) and 31315, FMCSA may grant an exemption from...

  8. 77 FR 75494 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-12-20

    ... acknowledgement that we received your comments, please include a self-addressed, stamped envelope or postcard or... period. Accordingly, FMCSA has evaluated the 14 applications on their merits and made a determination to..., 2012 notice (77 FR 64839). Basis for Exemption Determination Under 49 U.S.C. 31136(e) and 31315, FMCSA...

  9. 77 FR 64841 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-10-23

    ... that we received your comments, please include a self-addressed, stamped envelope or postcard or print... period. Accordingly, FMCSA has evaluated the 19 applications on their merits and made a determination to... detail in the August 29, 2012 notice (77 FR 52381). Basis for Exemption Determination Under 49 U.S.C...

  10. 78 FR 24296 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-04-24

    ... acknowledgement that we received your comments, please include a self-addressed, stamped envelope or postcard or... the 3 applications on their merits and made a determination to grant exemptions to each of them... notice (78 FR 14405). Basis for Exemption Determination Under 49 U.S.C. 31136(e) and 31315, FMCSA may...

  11. 75 FR 22176 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-04-27

    ... that we received your comments, please include a self-addressed, stamped envelope or postcard or print... period. Accordingly, FMCSA has evaluated the 19 applications on their merits and made a determination to...). Basis for Exemption Determination Under 49 U.S.C. 31136(e) and 31315, FMCSA may grant an exemption from...

  12. 78 FR 52602 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-08-23

    ... acknowledgement that we received your comments, please include a self-addressed, stamped envelope or postcard or... the 69 applications on their merits and made a determination to grant exemptions to each of them... discussed in detail in the June 6, 2013 notice (78 FR 34143). Basis for Exemption Determination Under 49 U.S...

  13. 76 FR 64164 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-10-17

    ... 41, has had amblyopia in his right eye since childhood. The best corrected visual acuity in his right... convictions for moving violations in a CMV. Michael J. Robinson Mr. Robinson, 44, has had amblyopia in his... to his years of compensating for amblyopia and having had his commercial operator's license for 26...

  14. 78 FR 24300 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-04-24

    ... New Jersey Avenue SE., West Building Ground Floor, Room W12-140, Washington, DC 20590-0001. Hand Delivery or Courier: West Building Ground Floor, Room W12-140, 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE., Washington, DC...-140 on the ground level of the West Building, 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE., Washington, DC, between 9 a...

  15. 75 FR 52060 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Renewals; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-08-24

    ...., Delmas C. Bergdoll, Kenneth J. Bernard, Allen G. Bors, Brad T. Braegger, Michael C. Branham, John E. Breslin, Trixie L. Brown, Raymond L. Brush, Scott F. Chalfant, Leroy A. Chambers, Harvis P. Cosby, Rodney... L. Tysseling, Kenneth E. Walker and Richard G. Wendt. In accordance with 49 U.S.C. 31136(e) and...

  16. 75 FR 36778 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-06-28

    ...-Shaibani Harold J. Bartley, Jr. Delmas C. Bergdoll Kenneth J. Bernard Allen G. Bors Brad T. Braegger Michael C. Branham John E. Breslin Trixie L. Brown Raymond L. Brush Scott F. Chalfant Leroy A. Chambers... Sandra J. Sperling Ryan K. Steelman Robert L. Swartz, Jr. Roger A. Thein, Jr. Duane L. Tysseling Kenneth...

  17. 75 FR 9480 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-03-02

    .... Buchanan, 56, has a prosthetic left eye due to a traumatic injury sustained in 1961. The best corrected... prosthetic right eye due to a traumatic injury sustained at age 12. The best corrected visual acuity in his..., has a prosthetic left eye due to a traumatic injury sustained during childhood. The best corrected...

  18. 75 FR 1835 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-01-13

    .... John E. Cain Mr. Cain, 59, has a retinal detachment in his left eye due to a traumatic injury sustained... CMV. Curtis J. Crowston Mr. Crowston, 44, has a prosthetic left eye due to a traumatic injury... to a traumatic injury sustained during childhood. The best corrected visual acuity in his left eye is...

  19. 75 FR 9477 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-03-02

    ... concluded that granting these exemption renewals will provide a level of safety that is equivalent to, or... achieve a level of safety that is equivalent to, or greater than, the level that would be achieved absent... conditions of the exemption; (2) the exemption has resulted in a lower level of safety than was maintained...

  20. 78 FR 12813 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-02-25

    ... safety. The Agency has concluded that granting these exemption renewals will provide a level of safety... would likely achieve a level of safety that is equivalent to or greater than the level that would be... resulted in a lower level of safety than was maintained before it was granted; or (3) continuation of the...

  1. 77 FR 68200 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-11-15

    ... granting these exemption renewals will provide a level of safety that is equivalent to or greater than the... finds ``such exemption would likely achieve a level of safety that is equivalent to or greater than the... exemption; (2) the exemption has resulted in a lower level of safety than was maintained before it was...

  2. 75 FR 4621 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Renewals; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-01-28

    ... safety. The Agency has concluded that granting these exemptions will provide a level of safety that will... period if it finds ``such exemption would likely achieve a level of safety that is equivalent to, or... conditions of the exemption; (2) the exemption has resulted in a lower level of safety than was maintained...

  3. 75 FR 8186 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Renewals; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-02-23

    ... safety. The Agency has concluded that granting these exemptions will provide a level of safety that will... period if it finds ``such exemption would likely achieve a level of safety that is equivalent to, or... the exemption; (2) the exemption has resulted in a lower level of safety than was maintained before it...

  4. 75 FR 38864 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Renewals; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-07-06

    ... safety. The Agency has concluded that granting these exemptions will provide a level of safety that will... likely achieve a level of safety that is equivalent to, or greater than, the level that would be achieved... exemption has resulted in a lower level of safety than was maintained before it was granted; or (3...

  5. 77 FR 7234 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-02-10

    ... safety. The Agency has concluded that granting these exemption renewals will provide a level of safety... interstate commerce, for a two-year period if it finds ``such exemption would likely achieve a level of... exemption; (2) the exemption has resulted in a lower level of safety than was maintained before it was...

  6. 77 FR 68199 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-11-15

    ... concluded that granting these exemption renewals will provide a level of safety that is equivalent to or... if it finds ``such exemption would likely achieve a level of safety that is equivalent to or greater... exemption; (2) the exemption has resulted in a lower level of safety than was maintained before it was...

  7. 75 FR 8187 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Renewals; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-02-23

    ... compromise safety. The Agency has concluded that granting these exemptions will provide a level of safety... 2-year period if it finds ``such exemption would likely achieve a level of safety that is equivalent... conditions of the exemption; (2) the exemption has resulted in a lower level of safety than was maintained...

  8. 75 FR 77949 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-12-14

    ... provide a level of safety that is equivalent to, or greater than, the level of safety maintained without... if it finds ``such exemption would likely achieve a level of safety that is equivalent to, or greater... conditions of the exemption; (2) the exemption has resulted in a lower level of safety than was maintained...

  9. 75 FR 8186 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Renewals; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-02-23

    ... concluded that granting these exemptions will provide a level of safety that will be equivalent to, or... ``such exemption would likely achieve a level of safety that is equivalent to, or greater than, the level... conditions of the exemption; (2) the exemption has resulted in a lower level of safety than was maintained...

  10. 75 FR 8187 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Renewals; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-02-23

    ... granting these exemptions will provide a level of safety that will be equivalent to, or greater than, the... achieve a level of safety that is equivalent to, or greater than, the level that would be achieved absent... a lower level of safety than was maintained before it was granted; or (3) continuation of the...

  11. 75 FR 9486 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Renewals; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-03-02

    ... compromise safety. The Agency has concluded that granting these exemptions will provide a level of safety... a 2-year period if it finds ``such exemption would likely achieve a level of safety that is... exemption; (2) the exemption has resulted in a lower level of safety than was maintained before it was...

  12. 76 FR 62143 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-10-06

    ... safety. The Agency has concluded that granting these exemption renewals will provide a level of safety...-140 on the ground level of the West Building, 1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE., Washington, DC, between 9 a... interstate commerce, for a two-year period if it finds ``such exemption would likely achieve a level of...

  13. 75 FR 77941 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Renewals; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-12-14

    ... exemption would likely achieve a level of safety that is equivalent to, or greater than, the level that... conditions of the exemption; (2) the exemption has resulted in a lower level of safety than was maintained... granted will not compromise safety. The Agency has concluded that granting these exemptions will provide a...

  14. 78 FR 12822 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-02-25

    ... concluded that granting these exemption renewals will provide a level of safety that is equivalent to or... interstate commerce, for a two-year period if it finds ``such exemption would likely achieve a level of... exemption; (2) the exemption has resulted in a lower level of safety than was maintained before it was...

  15. On-road vehicle detection: a review.

    PubMed

    Sun, Zehang; Bebis, George; Miller, Ronald

    2006-05-01

    Developing on-board automotive driver assistance systems aiming to alert drivers about driving environments, and possible collision with other vehicles has attracted a lot of attention lately. In these systems, robust and reliable vehicle detection is a critical step. This paper presents a review of recent vision-based on-road vehicle detection systems. Our focus is on systems where the camera is mounted on the vehicle rather than being fixed such as in traffic/driveway monitoring systems. First, we discuss the problem of on-road vehicle detection using optical sensors followed by a brief review of intelligent vehicle research worldwide. Then, we discuss active and passive sensors to set the stage for vision-based vehicle detection. Methods aiming to quickly hypothesize the location of vehicles in an image as well as to verify the hypothesized locations are reviewed next. Integrating detection with tracking is also reviewed to illustrate the benefits of exploiting temporal continuity for vehicle detection. Finally, we present a critical overview of the methods discussed, we assess their potential for future deployment, and we present directions for future research.

  16. Identifying and Tracking Pedestrians Based on Sensor Fusion and Motion Stability Predictions

    PubMed Central

    Musleh, Basam; García, Fernando; Otamendi, Javier; Armingol, José Mª; de la Escalera, Arturo

    2010-01-01

    The lack of trustworthy sensors makes development of Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS) applications a tough task. It is necessary to develop intelligent systems by combining reliable sensors and real-time algorithms to send the proper, accurate messages to the drivers. In this article, an application to detect and predict the movement of pedestrians in order to prevent an imminent collision has been developed and tested under real conditions. The proposed application, first, accurately measures the position of obstacles using a two-sensor hybrid fusion approach: a stereo camera vision system and a laser scanner. Second, it correctly identifies pedestrians using intelligent algorithms based on polylines and pattern recognition related to leg positions (laser subsystem) and dense disparity maps and u-v disparity (vision subsystem). Third, it uses statistical validation gates and confidence regions to track the pedestrian within the detection zones of the sensors and predict their position in the upcoming frames. The intelligent sensor application has been experimentally tested with success while tracking pedestrians that cross and move in zigzag fashion in front of a vehicle. PMID:22163639

  17. Computer vision for driver assistance systems

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Handmann, Uwe; Kalinke, Thomas; Tzomakas, Christos; Werner, Martin; von Seelen, Werner

    1998-07-01

    Systems for automated image analysis are useful for a variety of tasks and their importance is still increasing due to technological advances and an increase of social acceptance. Especially in the field of driver assistance systems the progress in science has reached a level of high performance. Fully or partly autonomously guided vehicles, particularly for road-based traffic, pose high demands on the development of reliable algorithms due to the conditions imposed by natural environments. At the Institut fur Neuroinformatik, methods for analyzing driving relevant scenes by computer vision are developed in cooperation with several partners from the automobile industry. We introduce a system which extracts the important information from an image taken by a CCD camera installed at the rear view mirror in a car. The approach consists of a sequential and a parallel sensor and information processing. Three main tasks namely the initial segmentation (object detection), the object tracking and the object classification are realized by integration in the sequential branch and by fusion in the parallel branch. The main gain of this approach is given by the integrative coupling of different algorithms providing partly redundant information.

  18. Identifying and tracking pedestrians based on sensor fusion and motion stability predictions.

    PubMed

    Musleh, Basam; García, Fernando; Otamendi, Javier; Armingol, José Maria; de la Escalera, Arturo

    2010-01-01

    The lack of trustworthy sensors makes development of Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS) applications a tough task. It is necessary to develop intelligent systems by combining reliable sensors and real-time algorithms to send the proper, accurate messages to the drivers. In this article, an application to detect and predict the movement of pedestrians in order to prevent an imminent collision has been developed and tested under real conditions. The proposed application, first, accurately measures the position of obstacles using a two-sensor hybrid fusion approach: a stereo camera vision system and a laser scanner. Second, it correctly identifies pedestrians using intelligent algorithms based on polylines and pattern recognition related to leg positions (laser subsystem) and dense disparity maps and u-v disparity (vision subsystem). Third, it uses statistical validation gates and confidence regions to track the pedestrian within the detection zones of the sensors and predict their position in the upcoming frames. The intelligent sensor application has been experimentally tested with success while tracking pedestrians that cross and move in zigzag fashion in front of a vehicle.

  19. Data and methods for studying commercial motor vehicle driver fatigue, highway safety and long-term driver health.

    PubMed

    Stern, Hal S; Blower, Daniel; Cohen, Michael L; Czeisler, Charles A; Dinges, David F; Greenhouse, Joel B; Guo, Feng; Hanowski, Richard J; Hartenbaum, Natalie P; Krueger, Gerald P; Mallis, Melissa M; Pain, Richard F; Rizzo, Matthew; Sinha, Esha; Small, Dylan S; Stuart, Elizabeth A; Wegman, David H

    2018-03-09

    This article summarizes the recommendations on data and methodology issues for studying commercial motor vehicle driver fatigue of a National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine study. A framework is provided that identifies the various factors affecting driver fatigue and relating driver fatigue to crash risk and long-term driver health. The relevant factors include characteristics of the driver, vehicle, carrier and environment. Limitations of existing data are considered and potential sources of additional data described. Statistical methods that can be used to improve understanding of the relevant relationships from observational data are also described. The recommendations for enhanced data collection and the use of modern statistical methods for causal inference have the potential to enhance our understanding of the relationship of fatigue to highway safety and to long-term driver health. Copyright © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

  20. Vision-based vehicle detection and tracking algorithm design

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hwang, Junyeon; Huh, Kunsoo; Lee, Donghwi

    2009-12-01

    The vision-based vehicle detection in front of an ego-vehicle is regarded as promising for driver assistance as well as for autonomous vehicle guidance. The feasibility of vehicle detection in a passenger car requires accurate and robust sensing performance. A multivehicle detection system based on stereo vision has been developed for better accuracy and robustness. This system utilizes morphological filter, feature detector, template matching, and epipolar constraint techniques in order to detect the corresponding pairs of vehicles. After the initial detection, the system executes the tracking algorithm for the vehicles. The proposed system can detect front vehicles such as the leading vehicle and side-lane vehicles. The position parameters of the vehicles located in front are obtained based on the detection information. The proposed vehicle detection system is implemented on a passenger car, and its performance is verified experimentally.

  1. Drowsy driver mobile application: Development of a novel scleral-area detection method.

    PubMed

    Mohammad, Faisal; Mahadas, Kausalendra; Hung, George K

    2017-10-01

    A reliable and practical app for mobile devices was developed to detect driver drowsiness. It consisted of two main components: a Haar cascade classifier, provided by a computer vision framework called OpenCV, for face/eye detection; and a dedicated JAVA software code for image processing that was applied over a masked region circumscribing the eye. A binary threshold was performed over the masked region to provide a quantitative measure of the number of white pixels in the sclera, which represented the state of eye opening. A continuously low white-pixel count would indicate drowsiness, thereby triggering an alarm to alert the driver. This system was successfully implemented on: (1) a static face image, (2) two subjects under laboratory conditions, and (3) a subject in a vehicle environment. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  2. Effects of contour enhancement on low-vision preference and visual search.

    PubMed

    Satgunam, Premnandhini; Woods, Russell L; Luo, Gang; Bronstad, P Matthew; Reynolds, Zachary; Ramachandra, Chaithanya; Mel, Bartlett W; Peli, Eli

    2012-09-01

    To determine whether image enhancement improves visual search performance and whether enhanced images were also preferred by subjects with vision impairment. Subjects (n = 24) with vision impairment (vision: 20/52 to 20/240) completed visual search and preference tasks for 150 static images that were enhanced to increase object contours' visual saliency. Subjects were divided into two groups and were shown three enhancement levels. Original and medium enhancements were shown to both groups. High enhancement was shown to group 1, and low enhancement was shown to group 2. For search, subjects pointed to an object that matched a search target displayed at the top left of the screen. An "integrated search performance" measure (area under the curve of cumulative correct response rate over search time) quantified performance. For preference, subjects indicated the preferred side when viewing the same image with different enhancement levels on side-by-side high-definition televisions. Contour enhancement did not improve performance in the visual search task. Group 1 subjects significantly (p < 0.001) rejected the High enhancement, and showed no preference for medium enhancement over the original images. Group 2 subjects significantly preferred (p < 0.001) both the medium and the low enhancement levels over original. Contrast sensitivity was correlated with both preference and performance; subjects with worse contrast sensitivity performed worse in the search task (ρ = 0.77, p < 0.001) and preferred more enhancement (ρ = -0.47, p = 0.02). No correlation between visual search performance and enhancement preference was found. However, a small group of subjects (n = 6) in a narrow range of mid-contrast sensitivity performed better with the enhancement, and most (n = 5) also preferred the enhancement. Preferences for image enhancement can be dissociated from search performance in people with vision impairment. Further investigations are needed to study the relationships between preference and performance for a narrow range of mid-contrast sensitivity where a beneficial effect of enhancement may exist.

  3. Mandatory Physician Reporting of At-Risk Drivers: The Older Driver Example.

    PubMed

    Agimi, Yll; Albert, Steven M; Youk, Ada O; Documet, Patricia I; Steiner, Claudia A

    2018-05-08

    In a number of states, physicians are mandated by state law to report at-risk drivers to licensing authorities. Often these patients are older adult drivers who may exhibit unsafe driving behaviors, have functional/cognitive impairments, or are diagnosed with conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and/or seizure disorders. The hypothesis that mandatory physician reporting laws reduce the rate of crash-related hospitalizations among older adult drivers was tested. Using retrospective data (2004-2009), this study identified 176,066 older driver crash-related hospitalizations, from the State Inpatient Databases. Three age-specific negative binomial generalized estimating equation models were used to estimate the effect of physician reporting laws on state's incidence rate of crash-related hospitalizations among older drivers. No evidence was found for an independent association between mandatory physician reporting laws and a lower crash hospitalization rate among any of the age groups examined. The main predictor of interest, mandatory physician reporting, failed to explain any significant variation in crash hospitalization rates, when adjusting for other state-specific laws and characteristics. Vision testing at in-person license renewal was a significant predictor of lower crash hospitalization rate, ranging from incidence rate ratio of 0.77 (95% confidence interval 0.62-0.94) among 60- to 64-year olds to 0.83 (95% confidence interval 0.67-0.97) among 80- to 84-year olds. Physician reporting laws and age-based licensing requirements are often at odds with older driver's need to maintain independence. This study examines this balance and finds no evidence of the benefits of mandatory physician reporting requirements on driver crash hospitalizations, suggesting that physician mandates do not yet yield significant older driver safety benefits, possibly to the detriment of older driver's well-being and independence.

  4. Problems with vision associated with limitations or avoidance of driving in older populations.

    PubMed

    Satariano, William A; MacLeod, Kara E; Cohn, Theodore E; Ragland, David R

    2004-09-01

    This report examines the role of (a) disease processes affecting vision, (b) reported troubles with vision, (c) physical symptoms affecting the eyes, and (d) objective measures in reported driving limitation due to problems with eyesight among older drivers. Data for this study (N = 1,840) were obtained from participants in a community-based study of aging and physical performance in people age 55 or older in the city of Sonoma, California. Each of 16 visual conditions was assessed for impact on reported driving limitation due to eyesight by calculating a "risk" ratio. Then, prevalence of the condition was combined with the ratio to generate an attributable risk for that condition for vision-related limitations in driving. Each condition was significantly associated with reported limitations in driving due to eyesight. "Avoiding physical activity due to vision" (ratio = 3.4) and "trouble seeing steps up/down stairs" (ratio = 2.9) had the strongest association. However, "glasses/contacts required for driving" and "trouble with glare from sun/lights" had the highest attributable risks (35.8 and 29.4). The risk ratio is relevant for evaluating individuals; the attributable risk is relevant to planning countermeasures in populations. Addressing specific problems related to vision should substantially reduce driving limitations due to eyesight.

  5. Factors associated with civilian drivers involved in crashes with emergency vehicles.

    PubMed

    Drucker, Christopher; Gerberich, Susan G; Manser, Michael P; Alexander, Bruce H; Church, Timothy R; Ryan, Andrew D; Becic, Ensar

    2013-06-01

    Motor vehicle crashes involving civilian and emergency vehicles (EVs) have been a known problem that contributes to fatal and nonfatal injuries; however, characteristics associated with civilian drivers have not been examined adequately. This study used data from The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's Fatality Analysis Reporting System and the National Automotive Sampling System General Estimates System to identify driver, roadway, environmental, and crash factors, and consequences for civilian drivers involved in fatal and nonfatal crashes with in-use and in-transport EVs. In general, drivers involved in emergency-civilian crashes (ECCs) were more often driving: straight through intersections (vs. same direction) of four-points or more (vs. not at intersection); where traffic signals were present (vs. no traffic control device); and at night (vs. midday). For nonfatal ECCs, drivers were more often driving: distracted (vs. not distracted); with vision obstructed by external objects (vs. no obstruction); on dark but lighted roads (vs. daylight); and in opposite directions (vs. same directions) of the EVs. Consequences included increased risk of injury (vs. no injury) and receiving traffic violations (vs. no violation). Fatal ECCs were associated with driving on urban roads (vs. rural), although these types of crashes were less likely to occur on dark roads (vs. daylight). The findings of this study suggest drivers may have difficulties in visually detecting EVs in different environments. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  6. Characteristics of On-Road Driving by Persons with Central Vision Loss: Learning to Drive with a Bioptic Telescope

    PubMed Central

    Wood, Joanne M.; Elgin, Jennifer; McGwin, Gerald; Owsley, Cynthia

    2016-01-01

    There is limited research on the driving performance and safety of bioptic drivers and even less regarding the driving skills that are most challenging for those learning to drive with bioptic telescopes. This research consisted of case studies of five trainee bioptic drivers whose driving skills were compared with those of a group of licensed bioptic drivers (n=23) while they drove along city, suburban, and controlled-access highways in an instrumented dual-brake vehicle. A certified driver rehabilitation specialist was positioned in the front passenger seat to monitor safety and two backseat evaluators independently rated driving using a standardized scoring system. Other aspects of performance were assessed through vehicle instrumentation and video recordings. Results demonstrate that while sign recognition, lane keeping, steering steadiness, gap judgments and speed choices were significantly worse in trainees, some driving behaviors and skills, including pedestrian detection and traffic light recognition were not significantly different to those of the licensed drivers. These data provide useful insights into the skill challenges encountered by a small sample of trainee bioptic drivers which, while not generalizable because of the small sample size, provide valuable insights beyond that of previous studies and can be used as a basis to guide training strategies. PMID:26480232

  7. Characteristics of on-road driving by persons with central vision loss: Learning to drive with a bioptic telescope.

    PubMed

    Wood, Joanne M; Elgin, Jennifer; McGwin, Gerald; Owsley, Cynthia

    2016-01-01

    There is limited research on the driving performance and safety of bioptic drivers and even less regarding the driving skills that are most challenging for those learning to drive with bioptic telescopes. This research consisted of case studies of five trainee bioptic drivers whose driving skills were compared with those of a group of licensed bioptic drivers (n = 23) while they drove along city, suburban, and controlled-access highways in an instrumented dual-brake vehicle. A certified driver rehabilitation specialist was positioned in the front passenger seat to monitor safety and two backseat evaluators independently rated driving using a standardized scoring system. Other aspects of performance were assessed through vehicle instrumentation and video recordings. Results demonstrate that while sign recognition, lane keeping, steering steadiness, gap judgments, and speed choices were significantly worse in trainees, some driving behaviors and skills, including pedestrian detection and traffic light recognition were not significantly different from those of the licensed drivers. These data provide useful insights into the skill challenges encountered by a small sample of trainee bioptic drivers which, while not generalizable because of the small sample size, provide valuable insights beyond that of previous studies and can be used as a basis to guide training strategies.

  8. Development of driver’s assistant system of additional visual information of blind areas for Gazelle Next

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Makarov, V.; Korelin, O.; Koblyakov, D.; Kostin, S.; Komandirov, A.

    2018-02-01

    The article is devoted to the development of the Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) for the GAZelle NEXT car. This project is aimed at developing a visual information system for the driver integrated into the windshield racks. The developed system implements the following functions: assistance in maneuvering and parking; Recognition of road signs; Warning the driver about the possibility of a frontal collision; Control of "blind" zones; "Transparent" vision in the windshield racks, widening the field of view, behind them; Visual and sound information about the traffic situation; Control and descent from the lane of the vehicle; Monitoring of the driver’s condition; navigation system; All-round review. The scheme of action of sensors of the developed system of visual information of the driver is provided. The moments of systems on a prototype of a vehicle are considered. Possible changes in the interior and dashboard of the car are given. The results of the implementation are aimed at the implementation of the system - improved informing of the driver about the environment and the development of an ergonomic interior for this system within the new Functional Salon of the Gazelle Next vehicle equipped with a visual information system for the driver.

  9. 78 FR 16762 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-03-18

    ... decided to extend each exemption for a renewable two-year period. They are: Gary W. Balcom (MI) Jimmie L. Blue (MT) David L. Botkins (NY) James H. Corby (PA) Wesley M. Creamer (NM) Gerald S. Dennis (IA) Bruce J. Greil (WI) Thanh V. Ha (CA) Charles R. Hoeppner (MD) Paul J. Jones (NY) Lester H. Killingsworth...

  10. 78 FR 78477 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-12-26

    ...) Duane C. Conway (NV) Ronald L. Cote (NV) Brian W. Curtis (IL) Albion C. Doe, Sr. (NH) Robin C. Duckett.... Gartin (OH) Dale L. Giardine (PA) Leslie W. Good (OR) Chester L. Gray (TX) Christian L. Gremillion (LA.... Weinert (NY) Joseph A. Wells (IL) Don S. Williams (VA) Robert L. Williams, Jr. (MS) Kevin W. Wunderlin (OH...

  11. 76 FR 70212 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-11-10

    .... Hershberger Patrick J. Hogan, Jr. Todd A. McBrian Amilton T. Monteiro Harold W. Mumford John W. Myre David G. Oakley Charles D. Oestreich John S. Olsen Thomas J. Prusik Brent L. Seaux Glen W. Sterling The exemptions.... Bequeaith Lloyd K. Brown Larry Chinn Kecia D. Clark-Welch Tommy R. Crouse Ben W. Davis Charles A. DeKnikker...

  12. 78 FR 77782 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-12-24

    ... (OH) Marvin L. Motes (FL) Charles W. Mullenix (GA) Richard W. O'Neill (WA) Harold L. Pearsall (PA.... Ramirez (TX) Jason W. Rupp (PA) Eric W. Schmidt (MO) Jerry W. Stanfill (AR) Wilfred E. Sweatt (NH) Roger L...) Anthony D. Buck (TX) Shaun E. Burnett (IA) Kevin W. Cannon (TX) James J. Doan (PA) Shennan E. Dorsey (GA...

  13. 77 FR 40946 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-07-11

    .... Almeida (MA) Ronald B. Brown (ME) Trixie L. Brown (IN) Thomas L. Corey (IN) Brian G. Hagen (IL) Azizi A. Jamal (NJ) Willard L. Riggle (IN) Jose M. Suarez (TX) Lee F. Taylor (NJ) Barney J. Wade (MS) Richard G. Wendt (MS) Charles A. Winchell (OK) The exemptions are extended subject to the following conditions: (1...

  14. 78 FR 51269 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-08-20

    ... renewable two-year period. They are the following: Robert L. Brown (IL) Barry G. Church (OH) Steven L. Forristall (WI) Charles H. Lefew (VA) Steve J. Morrison (ID) Joseph B. Peacock (NC) Charles A. Terry (AL) Steven L. Thomas (IN) Nicholas Cafaro (NY) John J. Davis (SC) Rocky D. Gysberg (MN) John W. Locke (TX...

  15. 75 FR 36774 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Renewals; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-06-28

    .... Mark, Douglas A. Mendoza, Michael R. Moore, Richard W. Neyens, John P. Rodrigues and Charles W. Towner... exemptions for Roy L. Allen, Lyle H. Banser, Lloyd J. Botsford, Walter M. Brown, Charley J. Davis, Derek T... with the goals and objectives of 49 U.S.C. 31136 and 31315. Issued on: June 21, 2010. Larry W. Minor...

  16. 76 FR 50318 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-08-12

    ... predicting crash proneness from crash history coupled with other factors. These factors--such as age, sex... may change and affect his/her ability to operate a CMV as safely as in the past. As a condition of the... for a renewal under procedures in effect at that time. Issued on: August 5, 2011. Larry W. Minor...

  17. 77 FR 17107 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-03-23

    ...: West Building Ground Floor, Room W12-140, 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE., Washington, DC, between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday through Friday, except Federal Holidays. Fax: 1-202-493-2251. Instructions: Each... level of the West Building, 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE., Washington, DC, between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m...

  18. A Vision of You-Topia: Personalising Professional Development of Teaching in a Diverse Academic Workforce

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Thomas, Lisa; Harden-Thew, Kathryn; Delahunty, Janine; Dean, Bonnie Amelia

    2016-01-01

    The higher education (HE) sector in Australia is in a state of flux due to a range of social, political and economic factors. Increased competition, greater student diversity, tautening of industry exigencies, reduced funding, and rapid technological advances are key drivers of change in this environment. Within this period of transformation, HE…

  19. 75 FR 79084 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-12-17

    ....gpo.gov/2008/pdf/E8-785.pdf . FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Dr. Mary D. Gunnels, Director, Medical... are: Johnny Becerra John B. Ethridge Michael B. McClure Ross E. Burroughs Larry J. Folkerts Francis M. McMullin Lester W. Carter Paul W. Hunter Norman Mullins Christopher L. DePuy Ray P. Lenz David Triplett The...

  20. 75 FR 59327 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-09-27

    ... exemption for a renewable two-year period. They are: Paul G. Albrecht Elijah A. Allen, Jr. David W. Brown.... Kildow Daniel A. McNabb David G. Meyers Thomas L. Oglesby Michael J. Paul Russell A. Payne Rodney M. Pegg Raymond E. Peterson Zbigniew P. Pietranik John C. Rodriguez Terrance L. Trautman Charles E. Wood Joseph F...

  1. 77 FR 10604 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-02-22

    ... renewable two-year period. They are: William M. Arbogast (FL), Cris D. Bush (TN), John E. Cain (NM), Billy C.... Ferguson (VA), Randy M. Garcia (NM), John A. Graham (PA), Henry J. Gregoire, Jr. (MN), Jason L. Hoovan (UT.... Schneider (NM), James Vickery (KY), Norman J. Watson (NC), Lewis H. West, Jr. (MA), Billy R. Wilkey (TX...

  2. Nanotechnology for the forest products industry: vision and technology roadmap

    Treesearch

    Inc. Atlanta Prepared by Energetics

    2005-01-01

    Nanotechnology is defined as the manipulation of materials measuring 100 nanometers or less in at least one dimension. Nanotechnology is expected to be a critical driver of global economic growth and development in this century. Already, this broad multi-disciplinary field is providing glimpses of exciting new capabilities, enabling materials, devices, and systems that...

  3. 77 FR 19749 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-04-02

    ... optic nerve in his right eye due to a traumatic injury sustained in 1995. The best corrected visual.... Clark Mr. Clark, 66, has a detached retina in his left eye due to a traumatic injury sustained in 1967... a traumatic injury sustained as a child. The best corrected visual acuity in his left eye is 20/20...

  4. 77 FR 10610 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-02-22

    ... optic nerve in his right eye due to a traumatic injury sustained in 1995. The best corrected visual.... Clark Mr. Clark, 66, has a detached retina in his left eye due to a traumatic injury sustained in 1967... eye due to a traumatic injury sustained as a child. The best corrected visual acuity in his left eye...

  5. 75 FR 34209 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-06-16

    .... Martinez, 47, has had macular scarring and retinal detachment in his right eye due to a traumatic injury.... Aaron L. Paustian Mr. Paustian, 42, has macular scarring in his right eye due to a traumatic injury... in a CMV. Kenneth R. Riener Mr. Riener, 48, has a prosthetic right eye due to a traumatic injury...

  6. 75 FR 59793 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-09-28

    .... Joel W. Bryant Mr. Bryant, 53, has had a prosthetic right eye since 1990 due to a traumatic injury. The..., sustained traumatic injury to his left optic nerve at age 14. The best corrected visual acuity in his right... ruptured globe in his left eye due to a traumatic injury sustained in 2005. The best corrected visual...

  7. 77 FR 46793 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-08-06

    ..., had an enucleation of his left eye due to a traumatic injury sustained as a child. The visual acuity.... Johnsonbaugh, 42, has a prosthetic left eye due to a traumatic injury sustained in 1992. The visual acuity in... had retinal scarring in his left eye due to a traumatic injury sustained as a child. The best...

  8. 76 FR 64169 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-10-17

    ... detachment in his left eye due to a traumatic injury that occurred in 1982. The best corrected visual acuity... traumatic injury sustained in 2000. The best corrected visual acuity in his right eye is 20/30. Following an... to an injury sustained in 1976. The best corrected visual acuity in his left eye is 20/15. Following...

  9. 77 FR 60008 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-10-01

    ... in a CMV. Terry J. Edwards Mr. Edwards, 53, has a prosthetic right eye due to a traumatic injury... left eye due to a traumatic injury sustained at age 2. The best corrected visual acuity in his right... his right eye due to a traumatic injury sustained 10 years ago. The visual acuity in his right eye is...

  10. 75 FR 14656 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-03-26

    ... traumatic injury sustained during childhood. The best corrected visual acuity in his right eye is 20/20... moving violations in a CMV. Lane L. Savoie Mr. Savoie, 57, has a prosthetic left eye due to a traumatic injury sustained in 1995. The best corrected visual acuity in his right eye is 20/20. Following an...

  11. 76 FR 55465 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-09-07

    ... enucleation of his left eye due to a traumatic injury that he sustained in 1952. The best corrected visual... due to a traumatic injury that occurred in 1983. The best corrected visual acuity in his right eye is... Mr. Buckingham, 43, has a prosthetic left eye due to a traumatic injury that occurred more than 25...

  12. 77 FR 17109 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-03-23

    ... W. Doran, Jr. Mr. Doran, 51, has had a macular scar in his left eye due to a traumatic injury... prosthetic left eye due to a traumatic injury sustained 20 years ago. The best corrected visual acuity in... traumatic injury sustained at age 23. The best corrected visual acuity in left eye is 20/20. Following an...

  13. 76 FR 40443 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-07-08

    ... traumatic injury that occurred in 1994. The best corrected visual acuity in his right eye is hand motion... his left eye due to a traumatic injury sustained in 1982. The visual acuity in his right eye is 20/20.... Newman Mr. Newman, 50, has no light perception in his left eye due to a traumatic injury that occurred...

  14. 77 FR 60010 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-10-01

    ... exemption renewals will provide a level of safety that is equivalent to or greater than the level of safety... achieve a level of safety that is equivalent to or greater than the level that would be achieved absent... comply with the terms and conditions of the exemption; (2) the exemption has resulted in a lower level of...

  15. 75 FR 72869 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Renewals; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-11-26

    ... exemptions will provide a level of safety that will be equivalent to, or greater than, the level of safety... if it finds ``such exemption would likely achieve a level of safety that is equivalent to, or greater... conditions of the exemption; (2) the exemption has resulted in a lower level of safety than was maintained...

  16. 75 FR 72868 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Renewals; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-11-26

    ... granting these exemptions will provide a level of safety that will be equivalent to, or greater than, the... exemption for a 2-year period if it finds ``such exemption would likely achieve a level of safety that is... conditions of the exemption; (2) the exemption has resulted in a lower level of safety than was maintained...

  17. 76 FR 34133 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-06-10

    ... exemption renewals will provide a level of safety that is equivalent to, or greater than, the level of... interstate commerce, for a two-year period if it finds ``such exemption would likely achieve a level of... resulted in a lower level of safety than was maintained before it was granted; or (3) continuation of the...

  18. 78 FR 24298 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-04-24

    ... granting these exemption renewals will provide a level of safety that is equivalent to or greater than the... achieve a level of safety that is equivalent to or greater than the level that would be achieved absent... conditions of the exemption; (2) the exemption has resulted in a lower level of safety than was maintained...

  19. 78 FR 34140 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-06-06

    ... exemption renewals will provide a level of safety that is equivalent to or greater than the level of safety... finds ``such exemption would likely achieve a level of safety that is equivalent to or greater than the... exemption has resulted in a lower level of safety than was maintained before it was granted; or (3...

  20. 75 FR 19676 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Renewals; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-04-15

    ... exemptions will provide a level of safety that will be equivalent to, or greater than, the level of safety... grant an exemption for a 2-year period if it finds ``such exemption would likely achieve a level of... a lower level of safety than was maintained before it was granted; or (3) continuation of the...

  1. 76 FR 34135 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-06-10

    ... exemption renewals will provide a level of safety that is equivalent to, or greater than, the level of... interstate commerce, for a two-year period if it finds ``such exemption would likely achieve a level of... comply with the terms and conditions of the exemption; (2) the exemption has resulted in a lower level of...

  2. Features of the Vision of Elderly Pedestrians when Crossing a Road.

    PubMed

    Matsui, Yasuhiro; Oikawa, Shoko; Aoki, Yoshio; Sekine, Michiaki; Mitobe, Kazutaka

    2014-11-01

    The present study clarifies the mechanism by which an accident occurs when an elderly pedestrian crosses a road in front of a car, focusing on features of the central and peripheral vision of elderly pedestrians who are judging when it is safe to cross the road. For the pedestrian's central visual field, we investigated the effect of age on the timing judgment using an actual car. The results for daytime conditions indicate that the elderly pedestrians tended to make later judgments of when they crossed the road from the right side of the driver's view at high car velocities. At night, for a car with its headlights on high beam, the average car-pedestrian distances of elderly pedestrians on the left side of the driver's view were significantly longer than those of young pedestrians at velocities of 20 and 40 km/h. The eyesight of the elderly pedestrians during the day did not affect the timing judgment of crossing a road. At night, for a car with its headlights on either high or low beam, the average car-pedestrian distances of elderly pedestrians having good eyesight were longer than those of elderly pedestrians having poor eyesight, for all car velocities. The color of the car body in the central visual field did not affect the timing judgment of elderly pedestrians crossing the road. Meanwhile, the car-body color in the elderly pedestrian's peripheral vision strongly affected the pedestrian's awareness of the car.

  3. Drowsiness detection during different times of day using multiple features.

    PubMed

    Sahayadhas, Arun; Sundaraj, Kenneth; Murugappan, Murugappan

    2013-06-01

    Driver drowsiness has been one of the major causes of road accidents that lead to severe trauma, such as physical injury, death, and economic loss, which highlights the need to develop a system that can alert drivers of their drowsy state prior to accidents. Researchers have therefore attempted to develop systems that can determine driver drowsiness using the following four measures: (1) subjective ratings from drivers, (2) vehicle-based measures, (3) behavioral measures and (4) physiological measures. In this study, we analyzed the various factors that contribute towards drowsiness. A total of 15 male subjects were asked to drive for 2 h at three different times of the day (00:00-02:00, 03:00-05:00 and 15:00-17:00 h) when the circadian rhythm is low. The less intrusive physiological signal measurements, ECG and EMG, are analyzed during this driving task. Statistically significant differences in the features of ECG and sEMG signals were observed between the alert and drowsy states of the drivers during different times of day. In the future, these physiological measures can be fused with vision-based measures for the development of an efficient drowsiness detection system.

  4. The relationship between driving simulation performance and obstructive sleep apnoea risk, daytime sleepiness, obesity and road traffic accident history of commercial drivers in Turkey.

    PubMed

    Demirdöğen Çetinoğlu, Ezgi; Görek Dilektaşlı, Aslı; Demir, Nefise Ateş; Özkaya, Güven; Acet, Nilüfer Aylin; Durmuş, Eda; Ursavaş, Ahmet; Karadağ, Mehmet; Ege, Ercüment

    2015-09-01

    Driving performance is known to be very sensitive to cognitive-psychomotor impairment. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between obesity, risk of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), daytime sleepiness, history of road traffic accident (RTA) and performance on a driving simulator, among commercial drivers. We examined commercial vehicle drivers admitted to Psycho-Technical Assessment System (PTAS), which is a computer-aided system that includes a driving simulator test and tests assessing psychomotor-cognitive skills required for driving. Risk of OSA and daytime sleepiness were assessed by the Berlin Questionnaire and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), respectively. A total of 282 commercial vehicle drivers were consecutively enrolled. The age range was 29-76 years. Thirty drivers were at high risk of OSA. Median ESS of the group was 2 (0-20). Forty-seven percent of the subjects at high risk of OSA failed in early reaction time test, while 28% of the drivers with low risk of OSA failed (p = 0.03). The obese drivers failed the peripheral vision test when compared with non-obese drivers (p = 0.02). ESS was higher for drivers with a history of RTA when compared to those without RTA (p = 0.02). Cognitive-psychomotor functions can be impaired in obese and high risk of OSA patients. In our opinion, requiring obese and/or high risk of OSA drivers to take PTAS tests that assess driving skills and psychomotor-cognitive functions crucial to those skills would significantly improve road traffic safety, which is of considerable importance to public health.

  5. Synthetic and Enhanced Vision System for Altair Lunar Lander

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Prinzell, Lawrence J., III; Kramer, Lynda J.; Norman, Robert M.; Arthur, Jarvis J., III; Williams, Steven P.; Shelton, Kevin J.; Bailey, Randall E.

    2009-01-01

    Past research has demonstrated the substantial potential of synthetic and enhanced vision (SV, EV) for aviation (e.g., Prinzel & Wickens, 2009). These augmented visual-based technologies have been shown to significantly enhance situation awareness, reduce workload, enhance aviation safety (e.g., reduced propensity for controlled flight -into-terrain accidents/incidents), and promote flight path control precision. The issues that drove the design and development of synthetic and enhanced vision have commonalities to other application domains; most notably, during entry, descent, and landing on the moon and other planetary surfaces. NASA has extended SV/EV technology for use in planetary exploration vehicles, such as the Altair Lunar Lander. This paper describes an Altair Lunar Lander SV/EV concept and associated research demonstrating the safety benefits of these technologies.

  6. 76 FR 66123 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-10-25

    .... Anaya Charles E. Castle James E. Fix Dean A. Gary James P. Greene Larry L. Harris Roger D. Kloss Mark D. Kraft Steven E. Letchenberg Oscar N. Lefferts Joseph L. Mast Jesse E. McClary, Sr. Steven S. O'Donnell Benjamin R. Sauder Mark L. Simmons Don W. Smith Robert E. Smith Jerry W. Stanfill Roger L. Unser Virgil E...

  7. 77 FR 40945 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-07-11

    .... Berkheimer (PA) Michael D. DeBerry (WV) Tony K. Ellis (IN) Jerry L. Gibson (FL) Rici W. Giesseman (OH) George.... McClain (MI) Daniel E. Miller (VA) Buddy W. Myrick (TX) James L. Okonek (WI) Aaron L. Paustian (IA) John J. Pribanic (TX) Alan J. Reynaldos (NJ) Charles L. Rill, Sr. (MD) John P. Rodrigues (TX) Robert Smiley (NM...

  8. Computational thinking and thinking about computing

    PubMed Central

    Wing, Jeannette M.

    2008-01-01

    Computational thinking will influence everyone in every field of endeavour. This vision poses a new educational challenge for our society, especially for our children. In thinking about computing, we need to be attuned to the three drivers of our field: science, technology and society. Accelerating technological advances and monumental societal demands force us to revisit the most basic scientific questions of computing. PMID:18672462

  9. 77 FR 27852 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-05-11

    ... amblyopia in his right eye since childhood. The best corrected visual acuity in his right eye is 20/400, and..., has had amblyopia in his right eye since birth. The best corrected visual acuity in his right eye is... amblyopia in his right eye since childhood. The best corrected visual acuity in his right eye is 20/80, and...

  10. 75 FR 47883 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-08-09

    ... due to a traumatic injury sustained in 1996. The best corrected visual acuity in his right eye is 20... in a CMV. Benito Saldana Mr. Saldana, 52, has retinal detachment in his left eye due to a traumatic injury sustained in 1981. The best corrected visual acuity in his right eye is 20/20 and in his left eye...

  11. The “voice” has it: screen reader adoption and switching behavior among vision impaired persons in India

    PubMed Central

    Pal, Joyojeet; Cutrell, Edward

    2013-01-01

    We present results from a mixed methods study of screen reader use and switching behavior among people with vision impairments in India. We examine loyalty and experimentation with screen readers and find that the main drivers of adoption for early users differ significantly from the factors that drive continued use by advanced users. We discuss the factor that emerges as one of the strongest stated drivers of early adoption, TTS “voice” quality, particularly a “human-sounding voice” as one of the key features differentiating free/open source (FOSS) products from more expensive proprietary products. While the initial preferences are driven by voice quality, application support becomes more important over time as users speed up their sound settings and become more comfortable with the resultant non-human-sounding speech. We discuss these findings from two theoretical perspectives – first, through the application of the economics of behavior switching, and second, vis-à-vis novice and expert approaches toward new product adoption. We argue that these findings further our understanding of initial user comfort related to assistive technology adoption, and the impact of early technology choices on long-term technology switching behavior. PMID:24620705

  12. Overview of sports vision

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Moore, Linda A.; Ferreira, Jannie T.

    2003-03-01

    Sports vision encompasses the visual assessment and provision of sports-specific visual performance enhancement and ocular protection for athletes of all ages, genders and levels of participation. In recent years, sports vision has been identified as one of the key performance indicators in sport. It is built on four main cornerstones: corrective eyewear, protective eyewear, visual skills enhancement and performance enhancement. Although clinically well established in the US, it is still a relatively new area of optometric specialisation elsewhere in the world and is gaining increasing popularity with eyecare practitioners and researchers. This research is often multi-disciplinary and involves input from a variety of subject disciplines, mainly those of optometry, medicine, physiology, psychology, physics, chemistry, computer science and engineering. Collaborative research projects are currently underway between staff of the Schools of Physics and Computing (DIT) and the Academy of Sports Vision (RAU).

  13. The effects of drug and alcohol consumption on driver injury severities in single-vehicle crashes.

    PubMed

    Behnood, Ali; Mannering, Fred L

    2017-07-04

    It is well known that alcohol and drugs influence driving behavior by affecting the central nervous system, awareness, vision, and perception/reaction times, but the resulting effect on driver injuries in car crashes is not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to identify factors affecting the injury severities of unimpaired, alcohol-impaired, and drug-impaired drivers. The current article applies a random parameters logit model to study the differences in injury severities among unimpaired, alcohol-impaired, and drug-impaired drivers. Using data from single-vehicle crashes in Cook County, Illinois, over a 9-year period from January 1, 2004, to December 31, 2012, separate models for unimpaired, alcohol-impaired, and drug-impaired drivers were estimated. A wide range of variables potentially affecting driver injury severity was considered, including roadway and environmental conditions, driver attributes, time and location of the crash, and crash-specific factors. The estimation results show significant differences in the determinants of driver injury severities across groups of unimpaired, alcohol-impaired, and drug-impaired drivers. The findings also show that unimpaired drivers are understandably more responsive to variations in lighting, adverse weather, and road conditions, but these drivers also tend to have much more heterogeneity in their behavioral responses to these conditions, relative to impaired drivers. In addition, age and gender were found to be important determinants of injury severity, but the effects varied significantly across all drivers, particularly among alcohol-impaired drivers. The model estimation results show that statistically significant differences exist in driver injury severities among the unimpaired, alcohol-impaired, and drug-impaired driver groups considered. Specifically, we find that unimpaired drivers tend to have more heterogeneity in their injury outcomes in the presence potentially adverse weather and road surface conditions. This makes sense because one would expect unimpaired drivers to apply their full knowledge/judgment range to deal with these conditions, and the variability of this range across the driver population (with different driving experiences, etc.) should be great. In contrast, we find, for the most part, that alcohol-impaired and drug-impaired drivers have far less heterogeneity in the factors that affect injury severity, suggesting an equalizing effect resulting from the decision-impairing substance.

  14. Reliability of Snellen charts for testing visual acuity for driving: prospective study and postal questionnaire

    PubMed Central

    Currie, Zanna; Bhan, Archana; Pepper, Irene

    2000-01-01

    Objectives To assess the ability of patients with binocular 6/9 or 6/12 vision on the Snellen chart (Snellen acuity) to read a number plate at 20.5 m (the required standard for driving) and to determine how health professionals advise such patients about driving. Design Prospective study of patients and postal questionnaire to healthcare professionals. Subjects 50 patients with 6/9 vision and 50 with 6/12 vision and 100 general practitioners, 100 optometrists or opticians, and 100 ophthalmologists. Setting Ophthalmology outpatient clinics in Sheffield. Main outcome measures Ability to read a number plate at 20.5 m and health professionals' advice about driving on the basis of visual acuity. Results 26% of patients with 6/9 vision failed the number plate test, and 34% with 6/12 vision passed it. Of the general practitioners advising patients with 6/9 vision, 76% said the patients could drive, 13% said they should not drive, and 11% were unsure. Of the general practitioners advising patients with 6/12 vision, 21% said the patients could drive, 54% said they should not drive, and 25% were unsure. The level of acuity at which optometrists, opticians, and ophthalmologists would advise drivers against driving ranged from 6/9−2 (ability to read all except two letters on the 6/9 line of the Snellen chart) to less than 6/18. Conclusions Snellen acuity is a poor predictor of an individual's ability to meet the required visual standard for driving. Patients with 6/9 vision or less should be warned that they may fail to meet this standard, but those with 6/12 vision should not be assumed to be below the standard. PMID:11039964

  15. Pixel color feature enhancement for road signs detection

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhang, Qieshi; Kamata, Sei-ichiro

    2010-02-01

    Road signs play an important role in our daily life which used to guide drivers to notice variety of road conditions and cautions. They provide important visual information that can help drivers operating their vehicles in a manner for enhancing traffic safety. The occurrence of some accidents can be reduced by using automatic road signs recognition system which can alert the drivers. This research attempts to develop a warning system to alert the drivers to notice the important road signs early enough to refrain road accidents from happening. For solving this, a non-linear weighted color enhancement method by pixels is presented. Due to the advantage of proposed method, different road signs can be detected from videos effectively. With suitably coefficients and operations, the experimental results have proved that the proposed method is robust, accurate and powerful in road signs detection.

  16. Influence of age, speed and duration of monotonous driving task in traffic on the driver's useful visual field.

    PubMed

    Rogé, Joceline; Pébayle, Thierry; Lambilliotte, Elina; Spitzenstetter, Florence; Giselbrecht, Danièle; Muzet, Alain

    2004-10-01

    Recent research has shown that the useful visual field deteriorates in simulated car driving when the latter can induce a decrease in the level of activation. The first aim of this study was to verify if the same phenomenon occurs when driving is performed in a simulated road traffic situation. The second aim was to discover if this field also deteriorates as a function of the driver's age and of the vehicle's speed. Nine young drivers (from 22 to 34 years) and nine older drivers (from 46 to 59 years) followed a vehicle in road traffic during two two-hour sessions. The car-following task involved driving at 90 km.h(-1) (speed limit on road in France) in one session and at 130 km.h(-1) (speed limit on motorway in France) in the other session. While following the vehicle, the driver had to detect the changes in colour of a luminous signal located in the central part of his/her visual field and a visual signal that appeared at different eccentricities on the rear lights of the vehicles in the traffic. The analysis of the data indicates that the useful visual field deteriorates with the prolongation of the monotonous simulated driving task, with the driver's age and with the vehicle's speed. The results are discussed in terms of general interference and tunnel vision.

  17. Low Vision Enhancement System

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1995-01-01

    NASA's Technology Transfer Office at Stennis Space Center worked with the Johns Hopkins Wilmer Eye Institute in Baltimore, Md., to incorporate NASA software originally developed by NASA to process satellite images into the Low Vision Enhancement System (LVES). The LVES, referred to as 'ELVIS' by its users, is a portable image processing system that could make it possible to improve a person's vision by enhancing and altering images to compensate for impaired eyesight. The system consists of two orientation cameras, a zoom camera, and a video projection system. The headset and hand-held control weigh about two pounds each. Pictured is Jacob Webb, the first Mississippian to use the LVES.

  18. Flat-panel display solutions for ground-environment military displays (Invited Paper)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Thomas, J., II; Roach, R.

    2005-05-01

    Displays for military vehicles have very distinct operational and cost requirements that differ from other military applications. These requirements demand that display suppliers to Army and Marine ground-environments provide low cost equipment that is capable of operation across environmental extremes. Inevitably, COTS components form the foundation of these "affordable" display solutions. This paper will outline the major display requirements and review the options that satisfy conflicting and difficult operational demands, using newly developed equipment as an example. Recently, a new supplier was selected for the Drivers Vision Enhancer (DVE) equipment, including the Display Control Module (DCM). The paper will outline the DVE and describe development of a new DCM solution. The DVE programme, with several thousand units presently in service and operational in conflicts such as "Operation Iraqi Freedom", represents a critical balance between cost and performance. We shall describe design considerations that include selection of COTS sources, the need to minimise display modification; video interfaces, power interfaces, operator interfaces and new provisions to optimise displayed video content.

  19. Contributions of the 12 neuron classes in the fly lamina to motion vision

    PubMed Central

    Tuthill, John C.; Nern, Aljoscha; Holtz, Stephen L.; Rubin, Gerald M.; Reiser, Michael B.

    2013-01-01

    SUMMARY Motion detection is a fundamental neural computation performed by many sensory systems. In the fly, local motion computation is thought to occur within the first two layers of the visual system, the lamina and medulla. We constructed specific genetic driver lines for each of the 12 neuron classes in the lamina. We then depolarized and hyperpolarized each neuron type, and quantified fly behavioral responses to a diverse set of motion stimuli. We found that only a small number of lamina output neurons are essential for motion detection, while most neurons serve to sculpt and enhance these feedforward pathways. Two classes of feedback neurons (C2 and C3), and lamina output neurons (L2 and L4), are required for normal detection of directional motion stimuli. Our results reveal a prominent role for feedback and lateral interactions in motion processing, and demonstrate that motion-dependent behaviors rely on contributions from nearly all lamina neuron classes. PMID:23849200

  20. Contributions of the 12 neuron classes in the fly lamina to motion vision.

    PubMed

    Tuthill, John C; Nern, Aljoscha; Holtz, Stephen L; Rubin, Gerald M; Reiser, Michael B

    2013-07-10

    Motion detection is a fundamental neural computation performed by many sensory systems. In the fly, local motion computation is thought to occur within the first two layers of the visual system, the lamina and medulla. We constructed specific genetic driver lines for each of the 12 neuron classes in the lamina. We then depolarized and hyperpolarized each neuron type and quantified fly behavioral responses to a diverse set of motion stimuli. We found that only a small number of lamina output neurons are essential for motion detection, while most neurons serve to sculpt and enhance these feedforward pathways. Two classes of feedback neurons (C2 and C3), and lamina output neurons (L2 and L4), are required for normal detection of directional motion stimuli. Our results reveal a prominent role for feedback and lateral interactions in motion processing and demonstrate that motion-dependent behaviors rely on contributions from nearly all lamina neuron classes. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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