40 CFR 94.211 - Emission-related maintenance instructions for purchasers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM MARINE COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES..., replacement, or repair of the emission control devices and systems may be performed by any engine repair... and necessary to ensure the proper functioning of the engine's emission control systems. If the...

32 CFR 635.16 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... the COPS MPRS and a systems administrator to ensure that the system is properly functioning. Reporting... System (DIBRS). The Army inputs its data into DIBRS utilizing COPS. Any data reported to DIBRS is only as good as the data reported into COPS, so the need for accuracy in reporting incidents and utilizing...

32 CFR 635.16 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... the COPS MPRS and a systems administrator to ensure that the system is properly functioning. Reporting... System (DIBRS). The Army inputs its data into DIBRS utilizing COPS. Any data reported to DIBRS is only as good as the data reported into COPS, so the need for accuracy in reporting incidents and utilizing...

32 CFR 635.16 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... the COPS MPRS and a systems administrator to ensure that the system is properly functioning. Reporting... System (DIBRS). The Army inputs its data into DIBRS utilizing COPS. Any data reported to DIBRS is only as good as the data reported into COPS, so the need for accuracy in reporting incidents and utilizing...

32 CFR 635.16 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... the COPS MPRS and a systems administrator to ensure that the system is properly functioning. Reporting... System (DIBRS). The Army inputs its data into DIBRS utilizing COPS. Any data reported to DIBRS is only as good as the data reported into COPS, so the need for accuracy in reporting incidents and utilizing...

78 FR 15000 - Proposed Information Collection; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-08

... ensure that requested data can be provided in the desired format, reporting burden (time and financial... application for inclusion of a new section to collect performance measure data required by the Edward M... whether the proposed collection of information is necessary for the proper performance of the functions of...

77 FR 42321 - Collection of Information Under Review by Office of Management and Budget

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-18

... the following collection of information: 1625-0046, Certificates of Financial Responsibility under the.... Review and comments by OIRA ensure we only impose paperwork burdens commensurate with our performance of... Collection being necessary for the proper performance of Departmental functions. In particular, the Coast...

Education and Training in Crisis Management

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hošková-Mayerová, Šárka

2016-01-01

Quality education is an indispensable prerequisite for all kinds of human activities. No area of human activity if it has to function properly can exist without sophisticated education that determines the quality of workers in the given area. Training of public administration officials is a very important step to ensure conditions for adequate…

77 FR 44269 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Proposed Collection; Comments Requested: List of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-27

... of Management and Budget, Attn: DOJ Desk Officer. The best way to ensure your comments are received... collection of information is necessary for the proper performance of the functions of the agency, including... persons or employees authorized to possess explosive materials to ATF. Such report must be submitted...

47 CFR 25.274 - Procedures to be followed in the event of harmful interference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... in the event of harmful interference. (a) The earth station operator whose transmission is suffering harmful interference shall first check the earth station equipment to ensure that the equipment is functioning properly. (b) The earth station operator shall then check all other earth stations in the licensee...

47 CFR 25.274 - Procedures to be followed in the event of harmful interference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... in the event of harmful interference. (a) The earth station operator whose transmission is suffering harmful interference shall first check the earth station equipment to ensure that the equipment is functioning properly. (b) The earth station operator shall then check all other earth stations in the licensee...

47 CFR 25.274 - Procedures to be followed in the event of harmful interference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... in the event of harmful interference. (a) The earth station operator whose transmission is suffering harmful interference shall first check the earth station equipment to ensure that the equipment is functioning properly. (b) The earth station operator shall then check all other earth stations in the licensee...

47 CFR 25.274 - Procedures to be followed in the event of harmful interference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... in the event of harmful interference. (a) The earth station operator whose transmission is suffering harmful interference shall first check the earth station equipment to ensure that the equipment is functioning properly. (b) The earth station operator shall then check all other earth stations in the licensee...

47 CFR 25.274 - Procedures to be followed in the event of harmful interference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... in the event of harmful interference. (a) The earth station operator whose transmission is suffering harmful interference shall first check the earth station equipment to ensure that the equipment is functioning properly. (b) The earth station operator shall then check all other earth stations in the licensee...

System Engineering of Photonic Systems for Space Application

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Watson, Michael D.; Pryor, Jonathan E.

2014-01-01

The application of photonics in space systems requires tight integration with the spacecraft systems to ensure accurate operation. This requires some detailed and specific system engineering to properly incorporate the photonics into the spacecraft architecture and to guide the spacecraft architecture in supporting the photonics devices. Recent research in product focused, elegant system engineering has led to a system approach which provides a robust approach to this integration. Focusing on the mission application and the integration of the spacecraft system physics incorporation of the photonics can be efficiently and effectively accomplished. This requires a clear understanding of the driving physics properties of the photonics device to ensure proper integration with no unintended consequences. The driving physics considerations in terms of optical performance will be identified for their use in system integration. Keywords: System Engineering, Optical Transfer Function, Optical Physics, Photonics, Image Jitter, Launch Vehicle, System Integration, Organizational Interaction

Establishment and growth of container seedlings for reforestation: A function of stocktype and edaphic conditions

Treesearch

Jeremiah R. Pinto; John D. Marshall; R. Kasten Dumroese; Anthony S. Davis; Douglas R. Cobos

2011-01-01

A properly selected stocktype can greatly enhance reforestation success through increased survival and growth following outplanting. Implementing a robust stocktype trial using stocktypes of equal quality can ensure results lead to the best choice. Six container types, differing primarily in depth and volume, were used to evaluate the performance of ponderosa pine (...

46 CFR 63.25-7 - Exhaust gas boilers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... results in inadequate heat transfer, a high temperature alarm or low flow alarm must be activated. An... insufficient to ensure proper heat transfer. Additionally, an audible alarm must automatically sound, and a... water level, the control system must supply the feed water at a rate sufficient to ensure proper heat...

46 CFR 63.25-7 - Exhaust gas boilers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... results in inadequate heat transfer, a high temperature alarm or low flow alarm must be activated. An... insufficient to ensure proper heat transfer. Additionally, an audible alarm must automatically sound, and a... water level, the control system must supply the feed water at a rate sufficient to ensure proper heat...

45 CFR 153.350 - Risk adjustment data validation standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Risk adjustment data validation standards. 153.350... validation standards. (a) General requirement. The State, or HHS on behalf of the State, must ensure proper implementation of any risk adjustment software and ensure proper validation of a statistically valid sample of...

45 CFR 153.350 - Risk adjustment data validation standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Risk adjustment data validation standards. 153.350... validation standards. (a) General requirement. The State, or HHS on behalf of the State, must ensure proper implementation of any risk adjustment software and ensure proper validation of a statistically valid sample of...

Micron2 Lab: Microfluidic Microbiology Lab Project

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Burton, Aaron; Botkin, Douglas; Castro, Sarah; Crucian, Brian

2015-01-01

Microbial monitoring during spaceflight is crucial to maintain crew health and ensure water purifications systems are functioning properly. Current protocols for in-flight enumeration of bacteria in potable water systems require culture based methods. In this project, we aim to develop a flight- and microgravity-compatible flow cytometer capable of counting total microbial counts in the water supply and differentiating live from dead bacteria.

40 CFR 60.36e - Inspection guidelines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...; (v) Inspect HMIWI door and door gaskets for proper sealing; (vi) Inspect motors for proper operation... applicable; (xiv) Inspect waste heat boiler systems to ensure proper operation, if applicable; (xv) Inspect...

The Baldwin-Lomax model for separated and wake flows using the entropy envelope concept

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Brock, J. S.; Ng, W. F.

1992-01-01

Implementation of the Baldwin-Lomax algebraic turbulence model is difficult and ambiguous within flows characterized by strong viscous-inviscid interactions and flow separations. A new method of implementation is proposed which uses an entropy envelope concept and is demonstrated to ensure the proper evaluation of modeling parameters. The method is simple, computationally fast, and applicable to both wake and boundary layer flows. The method is general, making it applicable to any turbulence model which requires the automated determination of the proper maxima of a vorticity-based function. The new method is evalulated within two test cases involving strong viscous-inviscid interaction.

Maintenance of the adult Drosophila intestine: all roads lead to homeostasis.

PubMed

Guo, Zheng; Lucchetta, Elena; Rafel, Neus; Ohlstein, Benjamin

2016-10-01

Maintenance of tissue homeostasis is critical in tissues with high turnover such as the intestinal epithelium. The intestinal epithelium is under constant cellular assault due to its digestive functions and its function as a barrier to chemical and bacterial insults. The resulting high rate of cellular turnover necessitates highly controlled mechanisms of regeneration to maintain the integrity of the tissue over the lifetime of the organism. Transient increase in stem cell proliferation is a commonly used and elaborate mechanism to ensure fast and efficient repair of the gut. However, tissue repair is not limited to regulating ISC proliferation, as emerging evidence demonstrates that the Drosophila intestine uses multiple strategies to ensure proper tissue homeostasis that may also extend to other tissues. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Safety Features in Anaesthesia Machine

PubMed Central

Subrahmanyam, M; Mohan, S

2013-01-01

Anaesthesia is one of the few sub-specialties of medicine, which has quickly adapted technology to improve patient safety. This application of technology can be seen in patient monitoring, advances in anaesthesia machines, intubating devices, ultrasound for visualisation of nerves and vessels, etc., Anaesthesia machines have come a long way in the last 100 years, the improvements being driven both by patient safety as well as functionality and economy of use. Incorporation of safety features in anaesthesia machines and ensuring that a proper check of the machine is done before use on a patient ensures patient safety. This review will trace all the present safety features in the machine and their evolution. PMID:24249880

Telehealth physician oversight over direct to consumer testing: doctors working with patients towards patient empowerment.

PubMed

Chung, Rick

2012-06-01

Patient empowerment has increased the demand for direct to consumer (DTC) laboratory testing. Multiple professional societies and advocacy groups have raised concerns over how DTC laboratory testing is being offered to consumers without proper physician oversight. Physician telehealth services can properly oversee DTC laboratory testing in a safe and medically sound manner. Using telehealth protocols and standards established by professional health organizations and state regulators, physician telehealth oversight in DTC laboratory test ordering can be effective to increase patient access to healthcare services. With proper physician oversight in test interpretation, post-test counseling, and information collaboration, DTC laboratory testing can remain a reliable and convenient option for consumers. Working within the channel of distribution of most DTC laboratory testing, physician telehealth services can properly oversee DTC laboratory testing in a safe and medically sound manner to ensure that proper test interpretation, counseling, and information collaboration are achieved. Physician telehealth services can properly oversee DTC laboratory testing to ensure that proper test interpretation, counseling, and information collaboration are achieved.

Presynaptic LRP4 promotes synapse number and function of excitatory CNS neurons

PubMed Central

Mosca, Timothy J; Luginbuhl, David J; Wang, Irving E; Luo, Liqun

2017-01-01

Precise coordination of synaptic connections ensures proper information flow within circuits. The activity of presynaptic organizing molecules signaling to downstream pathways is essential for such coordination, though such entities remain incompletely known. We show that LRP4, a conserved transmembrane protein known for its postsynaptic roles, functions presynaptically as an organizing molecule. In the Drosophila brain, LRP4 localizes to the nerve terminals at or near active zones. Loss of presynaptic LRP4 reduces excitatory (not inhibitory) synapse number, impairs active zone architecture, and abolishes olfactory attraction - the latter of which can be suppressed by reducing presynaptic GABAB receptors. LRP4 overexpression increases synapse number in excitatory and inhibitory neurons, suggesting an instructive role and a common downstream synapse addition pathway. Mechanistically, LRP4 functions via the conserved kinase SRPK79D to ensure normal synapse number and behavior. This highlights a presynaptic function for LRP4, enabling deeper understanding of how synapse organization is coordinated. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.27347.001 PMID:28606304

Ensuring a Safe Technological Revolution

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-12-01

Defense AT&L: November-December 2016 14 Ensuring a Safe Technological Revolution William E. Frazier, Ph.D. n Elizabeth L. McMichael n Jennifer...for 5 years, working on nonferrous welding and AM and has an M.S. in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Maryland, Baltimore County. I n...has acceptable proper- ties. A “certified” part can perform properly in its operating environment . The conventional qualification/certification

PFLOTRAN-RepoTREND Source Term Comparison Summary.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Frederick, Jennifer M.

Code inter-comparison studies are useful exercises to verify and benchmark independently developed software to ensure proper function, especially when the software is used to model high-consequence systems which cannot be physically tested in a fully representative environment. This summary describes the results of the first portion of the code inter-comparison between PFLOTRAN and RepoTREND, which compares the radionuclide source term used in a typical performance assessment.

The Astrosociology of Space Colonies: Or the Social Construction of Societies in Space

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pass, Jim

2006-01-01

For a number of reasons, the construction of a single space colony represents a future social reality strongly likely to play itself out repeatedly as the twenty-first century advances. As early plans are considered, we must take into account that societies on Earth serve to carry out a variety of life functions and, in so doing, must meet the social needs of their citizens. While the proper engineering/construction of space habitats is necessary to ensure survivability of the inhabitants of a physical environment in space, it remains insufficient to ensure proper functioning of a social environment in space. This paper assumes that the physical environment is adequate to sustain life reliably (that is, to provide life support) and focuses instead on issues related to the sustainability of a society in space from primarily a sociological perspective. The astrosociological argument serving as a central theme here is that we must carefully consider research findings of Earth-based societies and their communities and apply the sociological lessons learned to the planning of space colonies. Moreover, the astrosociological perspective can serve to provide a formal mechanism for collaboration between social scientists and space scientists so that construction of a particular space colony proceeds based on the greatest level of understanding possible.

Congenital cheek teratoma with temporo-mandibular joint ankylosis managed with ultra-thin silicone sheet interpositional arthroplasty.

PubMed

Bhatnagar, Ankur; Verma, Vinay Kumar; Purohit, Vishal

2013-01-01

Primary cheek teratomas are rare with < 5 reported cases. None had associated temporo mandibular joint ankylosis (TMJA). The fundamental aim in the treatment of TMJA is the successful surgical resection of ankylotic bone, prevention of recurrence, and aesthetic improvement by ensuring functional occlusion. Early treatment is necessary to promote proper growth and function of mandible and to facilitate the positive psychological development of child. Inter-positional arthroplasty with ultra-thin silicone sheet was performed. Advantages include short operative time, less foreign material in the joint space leading to negligible foreign body reactions and least chances of implant extrusion. Instead of excising a large bony segment, a thin silicone sheet was interposed and then sutured ensuring preservation of mandibular height. Aggressive post-operative physiotherapy with custom made dynamic jaw exerciser was used to prevent recurrence.

Posttranscriptional control of neuronal development by microRNA networks.

PubMed

Gao, Fen-Biao

2008-01-01

The proper development of the nervous system requires precise spatial and temporal control of gene expression at both the transcriptional and translational levels. In different experimental model systems, microRNAs (miRNAs) - a class of small, endogenous, noncoding RNAs that control the translation and stability of many mRNAs - are emerging as important regulators of various aspects of neuronal development. Further dissection of the in vivo physiological functions of individual miRNAs promises to offer novel mechanistic insights into the gene regulatory networks that ensure the precise assembly of a functional nervous system.

Quality assurance planning for lunar Mars exploration

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Myers, Kay

1991-01-01

A review is presented of the tools and techniques required to meet the challenge of total quality in the goal of traveling to Mars and returning to the moon. One program used by NASA to ensure the integrity of baselined requirements documents is configuration management (CM). CM is defined as an integrated management process that documents and identifies the functional and physical characteristics of a facility's systems, structures, computer software, and components. It also ensures that changes to these characteristics are properly assessed, developed, approved, implemented, verified, recorded, and incorporated into the facility's documentation. Three principal areas are discussed that will realize significant efficiencies and enhanced effectiveness, change assessment, change avoidance, and requirements management.

Recent mass spectrometry-based techniques and considerations for disulfide bond characterization in proteins.

PubMed

Lakbub, Jude C; Shipman, Joshua T; Desaire, Heather

2018-04-01

Disulfide bonds are important structural moieties of proteins: they ensure proper folding, provide stability, and ensure proper function. With the increasing use of proteins for biotherapeutics, particularly monoclonal antibodies, which are highly disulfide bonded, it is now important to confirm the correct disulfide bond connectivity and to verify the presence, or absence, of disulfide bond variants in the protein therapeutics. These studies help to ensure safety and efficacy. Hence, disulfide bonds are among the critical quality attributes of proteins that have to be monitored closely during the development of biotherapeutics. However, disulfide bond analysis is challenging because of the complexity of the biomolecules. Mass spectrometry (MS) has been the go-to analytical tool for the characterization of such complex biomolecules, and several methods have been reported to meet the challenging task of mapping disulfide bonds in proteins. In this review, we describe the relevant, recent MS-based techniques and provide important considerations needed for efficient disulfide bond analysis in proteins. The review focuses on methods for proper sample preparation, fragmentation techniques for disulfide bond analysis, recent disulfide bond mapping methods based on the fragmentation techniques, and automated algorithms designed for rapid analysis of disulfide bonds from liquid chromatography-MS/MS data. Researchers involved in method development for protein characterization can use the information herein to facilitate development of new MS-based methods for protein disulfide bond analysis. In addition, individuals characterizing biotherapeutics, especially by disulfide bond mapping in antibodies, can use this review to choose the best strategies for disulfide bond assignment of their biologic products. Graphical Abstract This review, describing characterization methods for disulfide bonds in proteins, focuses on three critical components: sample preparation, mass spectrometry data, and software tools.

The Light Intermediate Chain 2 Subpopulation of Dynein Regulates Mitotic Spindle Orientation.

PubMed

Mahale, Sagar; Kumar, Megha; Sharma, Amit; Babu, Aswini; Ranjan, Shashi; Sachidanandan, Chetana; Mylavarapu, Sivaram V S

2016-12-23

Cytoplasmic dynein 1 is a multi-protein intracellular motor essential for mediating several mitotic functions, including the establishment of proper spindle orientation. The functional relevance and mechanistic distinctions between two discrete dynein subpopulations distinguished only by Light Intermediate Chain (LIC) homologues, LIC1 and LIC2 is unknown during mitosis. Here, we identify LIC2-dynein as the major mediator of proper spindle orientation and uncover its underlying molecular mechanism. Cortically localized dynein, essential for maintaining correct spindle orientation, consists majorly of LIC2-dynein, which interacts with cortical 14-3-3 ε- ζ and Par3, conserved proteins required for orienting the spindle. LIC2-dynein is also responsible for the majority of dynein-mediated asymmetric poleward transport of NuMA, helping focus microtubule minus ends. In addition, LIC2-dynein dominates in equatorially aligning chromosomes at metaphase and in regulating mitotic spindle length. Key mitotic functions of LIC2 were remarkably conserved in and essential for early embryonic divisions and development in zebrafish. Thus LIC2-dynein exclusively engages with two major cortical pathways to govern spindle orientation. Overall, we identify a novel selectivity of molecular interactions between the two LICs in mitosis as the underlying basis for their uneven distribution of labour in ensuring proper spindle orientation.

Congenital cheek teratoma with temporo-mandibular joint ankylosis managed with ultra-thin silicone sheet interpositional arthroplasty

PubMed Central

Bhatnagar, Ankur; Verma, Vinay Kumar; Purohit, Vishal

2013-01-01

Primary cheek teratomas are rare with < 5 reported cases. None had associated temporo mandibular joint ankylosis (TMJA). The fundamental aim in the treatment of TMJA is the successful surgical resection of ankylotic bone, prevention of recurrence, and aesthetic improvement by ensuring functional occlusion. Early treatment is necessary to promote proper growth and function of mandible and to facilitate the positive psychological development of child. Inter-positional arthroplasty with ultra-thin silicone sheet was performed. Advantages include short operative time, less foreign material in the joint space leading to negligible foreign body reactions and least chances of implant extrusion. Instead of excising a large bony segment, a thin silicone sheet was interposed and then sutured ensuring preservation of mandibular height. Aggressive post-operative physiotherapy with custom made dynamic jaw exerciser was used to prevent recurrence. PMID:24163567

Treatment of Difficult Asthma

PubMed Central

Bowie, Dennis M.

1991-01-01

The difficult asthmatic patient should first be managed by confirming the diagnosis and eliminating any aggravating environmental or occupational factors, including medication use. Proper treatment requires rational addition of drugs in a logical sequence. It is most important to ensure proper inhaler technique, patient compliance, effective doctor-patient communication, and proper patient monitoring. ImagesFigure 2 PMID:21229079

On-orbit Performance and Calibration of the HMI Instrument

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hoeksema, J. Todd; Bush, Rock; HMI Calibration Team

2016-10-01

The Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) on the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) has observed the Sun almost continuously since the completion of commissioning in May 2010, returning more than 100,000,000 filtergrams from geosynchronous orbit. Diligent and exhaustive monitoring of the instrument's performance ensures that HMI functions properly and allows proper calibration of the full-disk images and processing of the HMI observables. We constantly monitor trends in temperature, pointing, mechanism behavior, and software errors. Cosmic ray contamination is detected and bad pixels are removed from each image. Routine calibration sequences and occasional special observing programs are used to measure the instrument focus, distortion, scattered light, filter profiles, throughput, and detector characteristics. That information is used to optimize instrument performance and adjust calibration of filtergrams and observables.

Active transport of vesicles in neurons is modulated by mechanical tension.

PubMed

Ahmed, Wylie W; Saif, Taher A

2014-03-27

Effective intracellular transport of proteins and organelles is critical in cells, and is especially important for ensuring proper neuron functionality. In neurons, most proteins are synthesized in the cell body and must be transported through thin structures over long distances where normal diffusion is insufficient. Neurons transport subcellular cargo along axons and neurites through a stochastic interplay of active and passive transport. Mechanical tension is critical in maintaining proper function in neurons, but its role in transport is not well understood. To this end, we investigate the active and passive transport of vesicles in Aplysia neurons while changing neurite tension via applied strain, and quantify the resulting dynamics. We found that tension in neurons modulates active transport of vesicles by increasing the probability of active motion, effective diffusivity, and induces a retrograde bias. We show that mechanical tension modulates active transport processes in neurons and that external forces can couple to internal (subcellular) forces and change the overall transport dynamics.

Active transport of vesicles in neurons is modulated by mechanical tension

PubMed Central

Ahmed, Wylie W.; Saif, Taher A.

2014-01-01

Effective intracellular transport of proteins and organelles is critical in cells, and is especially important for ensuring proper neuron functionality. In neurons, most proteins are synthesized in the cell body and must be transported through thin structures over long distances where normal diffusion is insufficient. Neurons transport subcellular cargo along axons and neurites through a stochastic interplay of active and passive transport. Mechanical tension is critical in maintaining proper function in neurons, but its role in transport is not well understood. To this end, we investigate the active and passive transport of vesicles in Aplysia neurons while changing neurite tension via applied strain, and quantify the resulting dynamics. We found that tension in neurons modulates active transport of vesicles by increasing the probability of active motion, effective diffusivity, and induces a retrograde bias. We show that mechanical tension modulates active transport processes in neurons and that external forces can couple to internal (subcellular) forces and change the overall transport dynamics. PMID:24670781

Germ Cell-less Promotes Centrosome Segregation to Induce Germ Cell Formation.

PubMed

Lerit, Dorothy A; Shebelut, Conrad W; Lawlor, Kristen J; Rusan, Nasser M; Gavis, Elizabeth R; Schedl, Paul; Deshpande, Girish

2017-01-24

The primordial germ cells (PGCs) specified during embryogenesis serve as progenitors to the adult germline stem cells. In Drosophila, the proper specification and formation of PGCs require both centrosomes and germ plasm, which contains the germline determinants. Centrosomes are microtubule (MT)-organizing centers that ensure the faithful segregation of germ plasm into PGCs. To date, mechanisms that modulate centrosome behavior to engineer PGC development have remained elusive. Only one germ plasm component, Germ cell-less (Gcl), is known to play a role in PGC formation. Here, we show that Gcl engineers PGC formation by regulating centrosome dynamics. Loss of gcl leads to aberrant centrosome separation and elaboration of the astral MT network, resulting in inefficient germ plasm segregation and aborted PGC cellularization. Importantly, compromising centrosome separation alone is sufficient to mimic the gcl loss-of-function phenotypes. We conclude Gcl functions as a key regulator of centrosome separation required for proper PGC development. Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Commissioning medical education: principles for best practice.

PubMed

Walsh, Kieran

2016-04-01

We need to ensure that we get value for money for our investments in medical education. Commissioning is one method of ensuring that we get value. However, like any other tool, it needs to be used properly.

The Development of a Dynamic Geomagnetic Cutoff Rigidity Model for the International Space Station

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Smart, D. F.; Shea, M. A.

1999-01-01

We have developed a computer model of geomagnetic vertical cutoffs applicable to the orbit of the International Space Station. This model accounts for the change in geomagnetic cutoff rigidity as a function of geomagnetic activity level. This model was delivered to NASA Johnson Space Center in July 1999 and tested on the Space Radiation Analysis Group DEC-Alpha computer system to ensure that it will properly interface with other software currently used at NASA JSC. The software was designed for ease of being upgraded as other improved models of geomagnetic cutoff as a function of magnetic activity are developed.

Total Water Content Measurements with an Isokinetic Sampling Probe

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Reehorst, Andrew L.; Miller, Dean R.; Bidwell, Colin S.

2010-01-01

The NASA Glenn Research Center has developed a Total Water Content (TWC) Isokinetic Sampling Probe. Since it is not sensitive to cloud water particle phase nor size, it is particularly attractive to support super-cooled large droplet and high ice water content aircraft icing studies. The instrument is comprised of the Sampling Probe, Sample Flow Control, and Water Vapor Measurement subsystems. Analysis and testing have been conducted on the subsystems to ensure their proper function and accuracy. End-to-end bench testing has also been conducted to ensure the reliability of the entire instrument system. A Stokes Number based collection efficiency correction was developed to correct for probe thickness effects. The authors further discuss the need to ensure that no condensation occurs within the instrument plumbing. Instrument measurements compared to facility calibrations from testing in the NASA Glenn Icing Research Tunnel are presented and discussed. There appears to be liquid water content and droplet size effects in the differences between the two measurement techniques.

Creating Knock-outs of Conserved Oligomeric Golgi complex subunits using CRISPR-mediated gene editing paired with a selection strategy based on glycosylation defects associated with impaired COG complex function

PubMed Central

Blackburn, Jessica Bailey; Lupashin, Vladimir V.

2017-01-01

Summary The Conserved Oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex is a key evolutionally conserved multisubunit protein machinery that regulates tethering and fusion of intra-Golgi transport vesicles. The Golgi apparatus specifically promotes sorting and complex glycosylation of glycoconjugates. Without proper glycosylation and processing, proteins and lipids will be mislocalized and/or have impaired function. The Golgi glycosylation machinery is kept in homeostasis by a careful balance of anterograde and retrograde trafficking to ensure proper localization of the glycosylation enzymes and their substrates. This balance, like other steps of membrane trafficking, is maintained by vesicle trafficking machinery that includes COPI vesicular coat proteins, SNAREs, Rabs, and both coiled-coil and multi-subunit vesicular tethers. COG complex interacts with other membrane trafficking components and is essential for proper localization of Golgi glycosylation machinery. Here we describe using CRISPR-mediated gene editing coupled with a phenotype-based selection strategy directly linked to the COG complex’s role in glycosylation homeostasis to obtain COG complex subunit knock-outs (KOs). This has resulted in clonal KOs for each COG subunit in HEK293T cells and gives the ability to further probe the role of the COG complex in Golgi homeostasis. PMID:27632008

Chapter 9: Planting hardwood tree seedlings on reclaimed mine land in the Appalachian region

Treesearch

V. Davis; J. Franklin; C. Zipper; P. Angel

2017-01-01

The Forestry Reclamation Approach (FRA) is a method of reclaiming surface coal mines to forested postmining land use (Chapter 2, this volume). "Use proper tree planting techniques" is Step 5 of the FRA; when used with the other FRA steps, proper tree planting can help to ensure successful reforestation. Proper care and planting of tree seedlings is essential...

Display nonlinearity in digital image processing for visual communications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Peli, Eli

1991-11-01

The luminance emitted from a cathode ray tube, (CRT) display is a nonlinear function (the gamma function) of the input video signal voltage. In most analog video systems, compensation for this nonlinear transfer function is implemented in the camera amplifiers. When CRT displays are used to present psychophysical stimuli in vision research, the specific display nonlinearity usually is measured and accounted for to ensure that the luminance of each pixel in the synthetic image properly represents the intended value. However, when using digital image processing, the linear analog-to-digital converters store a digital image that is nonlinearly related to the displayed or recorded image. This paper describes the effect of this nonlinear transformation on a variety of image-processing applications used in visual communications.

In Vivo Studies in Rhodospirillum rubrum Indicate That Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase (Rubisco) Catalyzes Two Obligatorily Required and Physiologically Significant Reactions for Distinct Carbon and Sulfur Metabolic Pathways*♦

PubMed Central

Dey, Swati; North, Justin A.; Sriram, Jaya; Evans, Bradley S.; Tabita, F. Robert

2015-01-01

All organisms possess fundamental metabolic pathways to ensure that needed carbon and sulfur compounds are provided to the cell in the proper chemical form and oxidation state. For most organisms capable of using CO2 as sole source of carbon, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) catalyzes primary carbon dioxide assimilation. In addition, sulfur salvage pathways are necessary to ensure that key sulfur-containing compounds are both available and, where necessary, detoxified in the cell. Using knock-out mutations and metabolomics in the bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum, we show here that Rubisco concurrently catalyzes key and essential reactions for seemingly unrelated but physiologically essential central carbon and sulfur salvage metabolic pathways of the cell. In this study, complementation and mutagenesis studies indicated that representatives of all known extant functional Rubisco forms found in nature are capable of simultaneously catalyzing reactions required for both CO2-dependent growth as well as growth using 5-methylthioadenosine as sole sulfur source under anaerobic photosynthetic conditions. Moreover, specific inactivation of the CO2 fixation reaction did not affect the ability of Rubisco to support anaerobic 5-methylthioadenosine metabolism, suggesting that the active site of Rubisco has evolved to ensure that this enzyme maintains both key functions. Thus, despite the coevolution of both functions, the active site of this protein may be differentially modified to affect only one of its key functions. PMID:26511314

Management of Operational Support Requirements for Manned Flight Missions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1991-01-01

This Instruction establishes responsibilities for managing the system whereby operational support requirements are levied for support of manned flight missions including associated payloads. This management system will ensure that support requirements are properly requested and responses are properly obtained to meet operational objectives.

Estimating Congestion Benefits of Transportation Projects with FIXiT 2.0: Updating and Improving the Sketch Planning Tool

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-11-01

Transportation agencies face continual pressure to ensure the proper allocation of transportation investments and financial resources. Choosing the right set of congestion mitigation and mobility strategies is critical to ensuring the wise applicatio...

The Solar Neighborhood. XXV. Discovery of New Proper Motion Stars with 0.40 sec/yr mu or = 0.18 sec/yr Between Declinations -47 deg and 00 deg

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-07-01

that the object was indeed a proper motion object. For real ob- jects, Two Micron All Sky Survey ( 2MASS ) positions, epochs, and JHKs photometry were...and vice versa, and to ensure the correct 2MASS data were collected. The blinking process led to the discovery of many common proper motion (CPM...Proper motion or position angle suspect. f No 2MASS data available, so no distance estimate. g Coordinates not J2000.0 due to lack of proper motion or

Control of DNA replication: a new facet of Hox proteins?

PubMed

Miotto, Benoit; Graba, Yacine

2010-09-01

Hox proteins are well-known as developmental transcription factors controlling cell and tissue identity, but recent findings suggest that they are also part of the cell replication machinery. Hox-mediated control of transcription and replication may ensure coordinated control of cell growth and differentiation, two processes that need to be tightly and precisely coordinated to allow proper organ formation and patterning. In this review we summarize the available data linking Hox proteins to the replication machinery and discuss the developmental and pathological implications of this new facet of Hox protein function.

Quality assurance and ergonomics in the mammography department.

PubMed

Reynolds, April

2014-01-01

Quality assurance (QA) in mammography is a system of checks that helps ensure the proper functioning of imaging equipment and processes. Ergonomics is a scientific approach to arranging the work environment to reduce the risk of work-related injuries while increasing staff productivity and job satisfaction. This article reviews both QA and ergonomics in mammography and explains how they work together to create a safe and healthy environment for radiologic technologists and their patients. QA and quality control requirements in mammography are discussed, along with ergonomic best practices in the mammography setting.

Nursing Home Admission: When, Why, Where?

PubMed Central

Bergman, H.; Clarfield, A. M.

1985-01-01

The decision to institutionalize older patients puts stress on both them and their families. This option should be carefully considered and alternatives explored before a final decision is made. The physician must seek and treat reversible diseases, and try to optimize the patient's functional status. Once the decision to institutionalize is made, careful preparation and follow-up of both family and patient must occur in the pre-, peri-, and post-admission periods. In this way, the physician can ease an otherwise traumatic transition, and ensure that the move is appropriate, well planned, and properly executed. PMID:20469437

Turning up the heat in the lungs. A key mechanism to preserve their function.

PubMed

Sartori, Claudio; Scherrer, Urs

2003-01-01

Life threatening events cause important alterations in the structure of proteins creating the urgent need of repair to preserve function and ensure survival of the cell. In eukariotic cells, an intrinsic mechanism allows them to defend against external stress. Heat shock proteins are a group of highly preserved molecular chaperones, playing a crucial role in maintaining proper protein assembly, transport and function. Stress-induced upregulation of heat shock proteins provides a unique defense system to ensure survival and function of the cell in many organ systems during conditions such as high temperature, ischemia, hypoxia, inflammation, and exposure to endotoxin or reactive oxygen species. Induction of this cellular defense mechanism prior to imposing one of these noxious insults, allows the cell/organ to withstand a subsequent insult that would otherwise be lethal, a phenomenon referred to as "thermo-tolerance" or "preconditioning". In the lung, stress-induced heat shock protein synthesis, in addition to its cyto-protective and anti-inflammatory effect, helps to preserve vectorial ion transport and alveolar fluid clearance. In this review, we describe the function of heat shock proteins in the lung, with particular emphasis on their role in the pathophysiology of experimental pulmonary edema, and their potential beneficial effects in the prevention and/or treatment of this life-threatening disease in humans.

Redox Regulation of Cell Survival

PubMed Central

Trachootham, Dunyaporn; Lu, Weiqin; Ogasawara, Marcia A.; Valle, Nilsa Rivera-Del

2008-01-01

Abstract Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) play important roles in regulation of cell survival. In general, moderate levels of ROS/RNS may function as signals to promote cell proliferation and survival, whereas severe increase of ROS/RNS can induce cell death. Under physiologic conditions, the balance between generation and elimination of ROS/RNS maintains the proper function of redox-sensitive signaling proteins. Normally, the redox homeostasis ensures that the cells respond properly to endogenous and exogenous stimuli. However, when the redox homeostasis is disturbed, oxidative stress may lead to aberrant cell death and contribute to disease development. This review focuses on the roles of key transcription factors, signal-transduction pathways, and cell-death regulators in affecting cell survival, and how the redox systems regulate the functions of these molecules. The current understanding of how disturbance in redox homeostasis may affect cell death and contribute to the development of diseases such as cancer and degenerative disorders is reviewed. We also discuss how the basic knowledge on redox regulation of cell survival can be used to develop strategies for the treatment or prevention of those diseases. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 10, 1343–1374. PMID:18522489

Ubiquitin-dependent endocytosis, trafficking and turnover of neuronal membrane proteins

PubMed Central

Schwarz, Lindsay A.; Patrick, Gentry N.

2011-01-01

Extracellular signaling between cells is often transduced via receptors that reside at the cell membrane. In neurons this receptor-mediated signaling can promote a variety of cellular events such as differentiation, axon outgrowth and guidance, synaptic development and function. Endocytic membrane trafficking of receptors can ensure that the strength and duration of an extracellular signal is properly regulated. The covalent modification of membrane proteins by ubiquitin is a key biological mechanism to control receptor internalization and endocytic sorting to recycling and degradative pathways in many cell types. In this review we highlight recent findings regarding the ubiquitin-dependent trafficking and turnover of receptors in neurons and the implications for neuronal development and function. PMID:21884797

Proper survey methods for research of aquatic plant ecology and management

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Proper survey methods are essential for objective, quantitative assessment of the distribution and abundance of aquatic plants as part of research and demonstration efforts. For research, the use of the appropriate method is an essential part of the scientific method, to ensure that the experimenta...

34 CFR 303.226 - Fiscal control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 34 Education 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Fiscal control. 303.226 Section 303.226 Education... DISABILITIES State Application and Assurances Assurances § 303.226 Fiscal control. The State must ensure that fiscal control and fund accounting procedures will be adopted as necessary to ensure proper disbursement...

ER-PM Contacts Define Actomyosin Kinetics for Proper Contractile Ring Assembly.

PubMed

Zhang, Dan; Bidone, Tamara C; Vavylonis, Dimitrios

2016-03-07

The cortical endoplasmic reticulum (ER), an elaborate network of tubules and cisternae [1], establishes contact sites with the plasma membrane (PM) through tethering machinery involving a set of conserved integral ER proteins [2]. The physiological consequences of forming ER-PM contacts are not fully understood. Here, we reveal a kinetic restriction role of ER-PM contacts over ring compaction process for proper actomyosin ring assembly in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. We show that fission yeast cells deficient in ER-PM contacts exhibit aberrant equatorial clustering of actin cables during ring assembly and are particularly susceptible to compromised actin filament crosslinking activity. Using quantitative image analyses and computer simulation, we demonstrate that ER-PM contacts function to modulate the distribution of ring components and to constrain their compaction kinetics. We propose that ER-PM contacts have evolved as important physical modulators to ensure robust ring assembly. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Unit Testing for Command and Control Systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Alexander, Joshua

2018-01-01

Unit tests were created to evaluate the functionality of a Data Generation and Publication tool for a command and control system. These unit tests are developed to constantly evaluate the tool and ensure it functions properly as the command and control system grows in size and scope. Unit tests are a crucial part of testing any software project and are especially instrumental in the development of a command and control system. They save resources, time and costs associated with testing, and catch issues before they become increasingly difficult and costly. The unit tests produced for the Data Generation and Publication tool to be used in a command and control system assure the users and stakeholders of its functionality and offer assurances which are vital in the launching of spacecraft safely.

Data Management Plan and Functional System Design for the Information Management System of the Clinch River Remedial Investigation and Waste Area Grouping 6

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ball, T.; Brandt, C.; Calfee, J.

1994-03-01

The Data Management Plan and Functional System Design supports the Clinch River Remedial Investigation (CRRI) and Waste Area Grouping (WAG) 6 Environmental Monitoring Program. The objective of the Data Management Plan and Functional System Design is to provide organization, integrity, security, traceability, and consistency of the data generated during the CRRI and WAG 6 projects. Proper organization will ensure that the data are consistent with the procedures and requirements of the projects. The Information Management Groups (IMGs) for these two programs face similar challenges and share many common objectives. By teaming together, the IMGs have expedited the development and implementationmore » of a common information management strategy that benefits each program.« less

Measuring What Matters Workshop Report

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-01-14

Measuring What Matters Workshop Report Katie Stewart Julia Allen Michelle Valdez Lisa Young January 2015 TECHNICAL NOTE CMU/SEI-2015-TN...the approach using a simple objective: teaching a child to properly brush his/her teeth. Next, we demonstrate the approach using a cybersecurity...Ensure you child’s teeth are healthy. G1: Ensure your child has everything needed to brush his/her teeth. G2: Ensure your child is brushing his

Measuring What Matters Workshop Report

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-01-01

Measuring What Matters Workshop Report Katie Stewart Julia Allen Michelle Valdez Lisa Young January 2015 TECHNICAL NOTE CMU/SEI-2015-TN...the approach using a simple objective: teaching a child to properly brush his/her teeth. Next, we demonstrate the approach using a cybersecurity...Ensure you child’s teeth are healthy. G1: Ensure your child has everything needed to brush his/her teeth. G2: Ensure your child is brushing his

Modular elements of the TPR domain in the Mps1 N terminus differentially target Mps1 to the centrosome and kinetochore

PubMed Central

Marquardt, Joseph R.; Perkins, Jennifer L.; Beuoy, Kyle J.; Fisk, Harold A.

2016-01-01

Faithful segregation of chromosomes to two daughter cells is regulated by the formation of a bipolar mitotic spindle and the spindle assembly checkpoint, ensuring proper spindle function. Here we show that the proper localization of the kinase Mps1 (monopolar spindle 1) is critical to both these processes. Separate elements in the Mps1 N-terminal extension (NTE) and tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domains govern localization to either the kinetochore or the centrosome. The third TPR (TPR3) and the TPR-capping helix (C-helix) are each sufficient to target Mps1 to the centrosome. TPR3 binds to voltage-dependent anion channel 3, but although this is sufficient for centrosome targeting of Mps1, it is not necessary because of the presence of the C-helix. A version of Mps1 lacking both elements cannot localize to or function at the centrosome, but maintains kinetochore localization and spindle assembly checkpoint function, indicating that TPR3 and the C-helix define a bipartite localization determinant that is both necessary and sufficient to target Mps1 to the centrosome but dispensable for kinetochore targeting. In contrast, elements required for kinetochore targeting (the NTE and first two TPRs) are dispensable for centrosomal localization and function. These data are consistent with a separation of Mps1 function based on localization determinants within the N terminus. PMID:27339139

Modular elements of the TPR domain in the Mps1 N terminus differentially target Mps1 to the centrosome and kinetochore.

PubMed

Marquardt, Joseph R; Perkins, Jennifer L; Beuoy, Kyle J; Fisk, Harold A

2016-07-12

Faithful segregation of chromosomes to two daughter cells is regulated by the formation of a bipolar mitotic spindle and the spindle assembly checkpoint, ensuring proper spindle function. Here we show that the proper localization of the kinase Mps1 (monopolar spindle 1) is critical to both these processes. Separate elements in the Mps1 N-terminal extension (NTE) and tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domains govern localization to either the kinetochore or the centrosome. The third TPR (TPR3) and the TPR-capping helix (C-helix) are each sufficient to target Mps1 to the centrosome. TPR3 binds to voltage-dependent anion channel 3, but although this is sufficient for centrosome targeting of Mps1, it is not necessary because of the presence of the C-helix. A version of Mps1 lacking both elements cannot localize to or function at the centrosome, but maintains kinetochore localization and spindle assembly checkpoint function, indicating that TPR3 and the C-helix define a bipartite localization determinant that is both necessary and sufficient to target Mps1 to the centrosome but dispensable for kinetochore targeting. In contrast, elements required for kinetochore targeting (the NTE and first two TPRs) are dispensable for centrosomal localization and function. These data are consistent with a separation of Mps1 function based on localization determinants within the N terminus.

76 FR 56136 - Lead-Based Paint Renovation, Repair and Painting, and Pre-Renovation Education Activities in...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-12

... instructions for each method as provided in Section I of the SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION. To ensure proper..., by one of the following methods: 1. http://www.regulations.gov : Follow the on-line instructions for... teach renovation classes, that individuals performing renovation activities are properly trained and...

In Vivo Studies in Rhodospirillum rubrum Indicate That Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase (Rubisco) Catalyzes Two Obligatorily Required and Physiologically Significant Reactions for Distinct Carbon and Sulfur Metabolic Pathways.

PubMed

Dey, Swati; North, Justin A; Sriram, Jaya; Evans, Bradley S; Tabita, F Robert

2015-12-25

All organisms possess fundamental metabolic pathways to ensure that needed carbon and sulfur compounds are provided to the cell in the proper chemical form and oxidation state. For most organisms capable of using CO2 as sole source of carbon, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) catalyzes primary carbon dioxide assimilation. In addition, sulfur salvage pathways are necessary to ensure that key sulfur-containing compounds are both available and, where necessary, detoxified in the cell. Using knock-out mutations and metabolomics in the bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum, we show here that Rubisco concurrently catalyzes key and essential reactions for seemingly unrelated but physiologically essential central carbon and sulfur salvage metabolic pathways of the cell. In this study, complementation and mutagenesis studies indicated that representatives of all known extant functional Rubisco forms found in nature are capable of simultaneously catalyzing reactions required for both CO2-dependent growth as well as growth using 5-methylthioadenosine as sole sulfur source under anaerobic photosynthetic conditions. Moreover, specific inactivation of the CO2 fixation reaction did not affect the ability of Rubisco to support anaerobic 5-methylthioadenosine metabolism, suggesting that the active site of Rubisco has evolved to ensure that this enzyme maintains both key functions. Thus, despite the coevolution of both functions, the active site of this protein may be differentially modified to affect only one of its key functions. © 2015 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

Proteome complexity and the forces that drive proteome imbalance.

PubMed

Harper, J Wade; Bennett, Eric J

2016-09-15

The cellular proteome is a complex microcosm of structural and regulatory networks that requires continuous surveillance and modification to meet the dynamic needs of the cell. It is therefore crucial that the protein flux of the cell remains in balance to ensure proper cell function. Genetic alterations that range from chromosome imbalance to oncogene activation can affect the speed, fidelity and capacity of protein biogenesis and degradation systems, which often results in proteome imbalance. An improved understanding of the causes and consequences of proteome imbalance is helping to reveal how these systems can be targeted to treat diseases such as cancer.

Ingot selection for aesthetic restorations using contemporary pressed ceramics.

PubMed

Ritter, Robert G; Culp, Lee

2002-08-01

Accurate communication among the patient, clinician, and laboratory technician is critical to the development of a functional, aesthetic restoration. The use of pressed ceramic restorations has provided a durable, consistent alternative for full-coverage crowns, veneers, onlays, and short-span fixed partial dentures. This article discusses the importance of proper ingot selection in the fabrication of aesthetic restorations and in the realization of patients' expectations for smile design. Ceramic ingots are available in a variety of colors and opacities that provide the clinician and laboratory technician with the latitude to select an ingot that will ultimately ensure patient satisfaction.

Direct anticoagulants and nursing: an approach from patient's safety.

PubMed

Romero Ruiz, Adolfo; Romero-Arana, Adolfo; Gómez-Salgado, Juan

In recent years, a new line of treatment for the prevention of stroke in non-valvular atrial fibrillation, the so-called direct anticoagulants or new anticoagulants has appeared. The proper management and follow-up of these patients is essential to minimize their side effects and ensure patient safety. In this article, a description of these drugs is given, analyzing their characteristics, functioning and interactions together with the most habitual nursing interventions, as well as a reflection on the implications for the practice. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

Reducing Bolt Preload Variation with Angle-of-Twist Bolt Loading

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Thompson, Bryce; Nayate, Pramod; Smith, Doug; McCool, Alex (Technical Monitor)

2001-01-01

Critical high-pressure sealing joints on the Space Shuttle reusable solid rocket motor require precise control of bolt preload to ensure proper joint function. As the reusable solid rocket motor experiences rapid internal pressurization, correct bolt preloads maintain the sealing capability and structural integrity of the hardware. The angle-of-twist process provides the right combination of preload accuracy, reliability, process control, and assembly-friendly design. It improves significantly over previous methods. The sophisticated angle-of-twist process controls have yielded answers to all discrepancies encountered while the simplicity of the root process has assured joint preload reliability.

Promoting the management and protection of private water wells.

PubMed

Simpson, Hugh

Rural families in Ontario depend almost entirely on groundwater from private wells for their potable water supply. In many cases, groundwater may be the only feasible water supply source and it requires management and protection. A significant potential source of ground water contamination is the movement of contaminated surface water through water wells that are improperly constructed, maintained, or should be decommissioned. Therefore, proper water well construction and maintenance, and eventual decommissioning, are critical for managing and protecting the quantity and quality of groundwater, as well as ensuring the integrity of rural drinking-water supplies. These actions are important for protecting private water supplies from both potential human and natural contamination. Individual well owners each have a personal interest and valuable role in ensuring the integrity of their water supplies. The following information is required to help well owners ensure the integrity of their water supply: different types of wells, why some wells are at greater risk of contamination than others, and sources of groundwater contaminants; groundwater contaminants, how they can move through soil and water, and potential risks to human health; benefits of ensuring that wells are properly maintained and operate efficiently; and importance of a regular well water quality testing program. This paper summarizes the technical information that should be provided to rural well owners concerning proper water well and groundwater management and protection, and provides an example of how this information can be promoted in an effective manner.

Possibilities and pitfalls of outsourcing.

PubMed

Hazelwood, Sarah E; Hazelwood, Anita C; Cook, Ellen D

2005-10-01

Outsourcing can save healthcare organizations costs related to staffing and training. Organizations should ensure that a vendor's staff is credentialed, knowledgeable, and properly trained. Outsourcing firms should ensure the confidentiality and security of the information they will handle. Outsourcing carries risks for providers, including potentially negative impact on tax-exempt status and loss of control over business processes.

The Crucial Role of School Nurses: Ensuring Immunization Compliance, Education, and Documentation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dychkowski, Linda

2000-01-01

Discusses the current status of immunizations, the latest immunization recommendations, and the important role of school nurses in ensuring that all students are properly immunized with the correct immunizations at the correct time. An alphabetical listing of immunizations provides specific details. The paper also discusses myths versus facts…

Strengthening the revenue cycle: a 4-step method for optimizing payment.

PubMed

Clark, Jonathan J

2008-10-01

Four steps for enhancing the revenue cycle to ensure optimal payment are: *Establish key performance indicator dashboards in each department that compare current with targeted performance; *Create proper organizational structures for each department; *Ensure that high-performing leaders are hired in all management and supervisory positions; *Implement efficient processes in underperforming operations.

Internal Controls for Accounting Areas. Alliance Action Information Sheets

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Technical Assistance ALLIANCE for Parent Centers, 2006

2006-01-01

Internal controls are important to ensure your Parent Center's resources are well protected. Steps should be taken to ensure that finance transactions are authorized by management, executed properly and on time, and recorded appropriately. Some centers may not have staff with all of the titles used in the procedures presented in this paper.…

40 CFR 451.21 - Effluent limitations attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... to shore, and properly dispose of all feed bags, packaging materials, waste rope and netting. (c... the pens through the use of active feed monitoring and management practices. These practices may... prevent discharge to waters of the U.S. (e) Materials storage. (1) Ensure proper storage of drugs...

40 CFR 451.21 - Effluent limitations attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... to shore, and properly dispose of all feed bags, packaging materials, waste rope and netting. (c... the pens through the use of active feed monitoring and management practices. These practices may... prevent discharge to waters of the U.S. (e) Materials storage. (1) Ensure proper storage of drugs...

78 FR 57786 - Airworthiness Directives; AgustaWestland S.p.A. Helicopters

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-20

... to ensure that the windows are properly bonded within the doors. If the windows are not properly bonded, the AD requires applying bonding to the windows, the seals, and the window frames of the pilot and co-pilot doors. This AD was prompted by the loss of a pilot-door window during a test flight. The...

78 FR 24367 - Airworthiness Directives; AgustaWestland S.p.A. Helicopters

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-25

... to ensure that the windows are properly bonded within the doors. If the windows are not properly bonded, the proposed AD would require applying bonding to the windows, the seals, and the window frames of the pilot and co-pilot doors. This proposed AD is prompted by the loss of a pilot-door window...

Theoretical investigation of gas-surface interactions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dyall, Kenneth G.

1990-01-01

A Dirac-Hartree-Fock code was developed for polyatomic molecules. The program uses integrals over symmetry-adapted real spherical harmonic Gaussian basis functions generated by a modification of the MOLECULE integrals program. A single Gaussian function is used for the nuclear charge distribution, to ensure proper boundary conditions at the nuclei. The Gaussian primitive functions are chosen to satisfy the kinetic balance condition. However, contracted functions which do not necessarily satisfy this condition may be used. The Fock matrix is constructed in the scalar basis and transformed to a jj-coupled 2-spinor basis before diagonalization. The program was tested against numerical results for atoms with a Gaussian nucleus and diatomic molecules with point nuclei. The energies converge on the numerical values as the basis set size is increased. Full use of molecular symmetry (restricted to D sub 2h and subgroups) is yet to be implemented.

The Segregated Expression of Voltage-Gated Potassium and Sodium Channels in Neuronal Membranes: Functional Implications and Regulatory Mechanisms

PubMed Central

Duménieu, Maël; Oulé, Marie; Kreutz, Michael R.; Lopez-Rojas, Jeffrey

2017-01-01

Neurons are highly polarized cells with apparent functional and morphological differences between dendrites and axon. A critical determinant for the molecular and functional identity of axonal and dendritic segments is the restricted expression of voltage-gated ion channels (VGCs). Several studies show an uneven distribution of ion channels and their differential regulation within dendrites and axons, which is a prerequisite for an appropriate integration of synaptic inputs and the generation of adequate action potential (AP) firing patterns. This review article will focus on the signaling pathways leading to segmented expression of voltage-gated potassium and sodium ion channels at the neuronal plasma membrane and the regulatory mechanisms ensuring segregated functions. We will also discuss the relevance of proper ion channel targeting for neuronal physiology and how alterations in polarized distribution contribute to neuronal pathology. PMID:28484374

Update on administration of anesthetics and psychoactive drugs for pain management in China.

PubMed

Gu, Weiping

2015-06-01

Anesthetics and psychoactive drugs could relieve diseases, if used properly. However, they can cause dependency, and their misuse or abuse could adversely affect people's health and social stability. For a long time, the Chinese government has been reinforcing the regulation on anesthetics and psychoactive drugs to ensure their legal and proper usage, and to prevent abuse. The state council issued 'the regulations on the administration of anesthetic drugs and psychotropic drugs' in 2005, based on which a legal system was established for administration of anesthetics and psychoactive drugs with the objectives of ensuring their legitimate medical utilization, and preventing illegal abuse. Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Retromer Ensures the Degradation of Autophagic Cargo by Maintaining Lysosome Function in Drosophila.

PubMed

Maruzs, Tamás; Lőrincz, Péter; Szatmári, Zsuzsanna; Széplaki, Szilvia; Sándor, Zoltán; Lakatos, Zsolt; Puska, Gina; Juhász, Gábor; Sass, Miklós

2015-10-01

The retromer is an evolutionarily conserved coat complex that consists of Vps26, Vps29, Vps35 and a heterodimer of sorting nexin (Snx) proteins in yeast. Retromer mediates the recycling of transmembrane proteins from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network, including receptors that are essential for the delivery of hydrolytic enzymes to lysosomes. Besides its function in lysosomal enzyme receptor recycling, involvement of retromer has also been proposed in a variety of vesicular trafficking events, including early steps of autophagy and endocytosis. Here we show that the late stages of autophagy and endocytosis are impaired in Vps26 and Vps35 deficient Drosophila larval fat body cells, but formation of autophagosomes and endosomes is not compromised. Accumulation of aberrant autolysosomes and amphisomes in the absence of retromer function appears to be the consequence of decreased degradative capacity, as they contain undigested cytoplasmic material. Accordingly, we show that retromer is required for proper cathepsin L trafficking mainly independent of LERP, the Drosophila homolog of the cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor. Finally, we find that Snx3 and Snx6 are also required for proper autolysosomal degradation in Drosophila larval fat body cells. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Fatal attraction in glycolysis: how Saccharomyces cerevisiae manages sudden transitions to high glucose

PubMed Central

Heerden, Johan H. v.; Wortel, Meike T.; Bruggeman, Frank J.; Heijnen, Joseph J.; Bollen, Yves J.; Planqué, Robert; Hulshof, Josephus; O’Toole, Tom G.; Wahl, S. A.; Teusink, Bas

2014-01-01

In the model eukaryote Saccharomyces cerevisiae, it has long been known that a functional trehalose pathway is indispensable for transitions to high glucose conditions. Upon addition of glucose, cells with a defect in trehalose 6-phosphate synthase (Tps1), the first committed step in the trehalose pathway, display what we have termed an imbalanced glycolytic state; in this state the flux through the upper part of glycolysis outpaces that through the lower part of glycolysis. As a consequence, the intermediate fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (FBP) accumulates at low concentrations of ATP and inorganic phosphate (Pi). Despite significant research efforts, a satisfactory understanding of the regulatory role that trehalose metabolism plays during such transitions has remained infamously unresolved. In a recent study, we demonstrate that the startup of glycolysis exhibits two dynamic fates: a proper, functional, steady state or the imbalanced state described above. Both states are stable, attracting states, and the probability distribution of initial states determines the fate of a yeast cell exposed to glucose. Trehalose metabolism steers the dynamics of glycolysis towards the proper functional state through its ATP hydrolysis activity; a mechanism that ensures that the demand and supply of ATP is balanced with Pi availability under dynamic conditions. [van Heerden et al. Science (2014), DOI: 10.1126/science.1245114.] PMID:28357229

Drosophila Pax6 promotes development of the entire eye-antennal disc, thereby ensuring proper adult head formation

PubMed Central

Zhu, Jinjin; Palliyil, Sneha; Ran, Chen; Kumar, Justin P.

2017-01-01

Paired box 6 (Pax6) is considered to be the master control gene for eye development in all seeing animals studied so far. In vertebrates, it is required not only for lens/retina formation but also for the development of the CNS, olfactory system, and pancreas. Although Pax6 plays important roles in cell differentiation, proliferation, and patterning during the development of these systems, the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. In the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, Pax6 also functions in a range of tissues, including the eye and brain. In this report, we describe the function of Pax6 in Drosophila eye-antennal disc development. Previous studies have suggested that the two fly Pax6 genes, eyeless (ey) and twin of eyeless (toy), initiate eye specification, whereas eyegone (eyg) and the Notch (N) pathway independently regulate cell proliferation. Here, we show that Pax6 controls eye progenitor cell survival and proliferation through the activation of teashirt (tsh) and eyg, thereby indicating that Pax6 initiates both eye specification and proliferation. Although simultaneous loss of ey and toy during early eye-antennal disc development disrupts the development of all head structures derived from the eye-antennal disc, overexpression of N or tsh in the absence of Pax6 rescues only antennal and head epidermis development. Furthermore, overexpression of tsh induces a homeotic transformation of the fly head into thoracic structures. Taking these data together, we demonstrate that Pax6 promotes development of the entire eye-antennal disc and that the retinal determination network works to repress alternative tissue fates, which ensures proper development of adult head structures. PMID:28584125

Impact of Eliminating Anchor Items Flagged from Statistical Criteria on Test Score Classifications in Common Item Equating

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Karkee, Thakur; Choi, Seung

2005-01-01

Proper maintenance of a scale established in the baseline year would assure the accurate estimation of growth in subsequent years. Scale maintenance is especially important when the state performance standards must be preserved for future administrations. To ensure proper maintenance of a scale, the selection of anchor items and evaluation of…

Hsp100/ClpB Chaperone Function and Mechanism

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Vierling, Elizabeth

2015-01-27

The supported research investigated the mechanism of action of a unique class of molecular chaperones in higher plants, the Hsp100/ClpB proteins, with the ultimate goal of defining how these chaperones influence plant growth, development, stress tolerance and productivity. Molecular chaperones are essential effectors of cellular “protein quality control”, which comprises processes that ensure the proper folding, localization, activation and turnover of proteins. Hsp100/ClpB proteins are required for temperature acclimation in plants, optimal seed yield, and proper chloroplast development. The model plant Arabidopsis thaliana and genetic and molecular approaches were used to investigate two of the three members of the Hsp100/ClpBmore » proteins in plants, cytosolic AtHsp101 and chloroplast-localized AtClpB-p. Investigating the chaperone activity of the Hsp100/ClpB proteins addresses DOE goals in that this activity impacts how “plants generate and assemble components” as well as “allowing for their self repair”. Additionally, Hsp100/ClpB protein function in plants is directly required for optimal “utilization of biological energy” and is involved in “mechanisms that control the architecture of energy transduction systems”.« less

Outsourcing your medical practice call center: how to choose a vendor to ensure regulatory compliance.

PubMed

Johnson, Bill

2014-01-01

Medical practices receive hundreds if not thousands of calls every week from patients, payers, pharmacies, and others. Outsourcing call centers can be a smart move to improve efficiency, lower costs, improve customer care, ensure proper payer management, and ensure regulatory compliance. This article discusses how to know when it's time to move to an outsourced call center, the benefits of making the move, how to choose the right call center, and how to make the transition. It also provides tips on how to manage the call center to ensure the objectives are being met.

A Study to Develop a Timeline for Sequencing the Major Transitional Tasks in the Fort Sill Hospital Transition Plan

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-07-01

efforts. 7. Ensure that transition planning materials and manuals are prepared. 8. Ensure proper orientation of staff. 9. Ensure all involved parties...software package which will integrate with the project methodology: User’s manual that is "user friendly". Tutorial with sample data for learning the...program. Menus for direction and assistance. On-line help to avoid constant referral to the manual . Technical support available via telephone. Demo

Collaborative efforts are needed to ensure proper knowledge dissemination of telemedicine projects.

PubMed

Jakobsen, Neel Kolthoff; Jensen, Lena Sundby; Kayser, Lars

2014-09-01

Telemedicine is often seen as the solution to the challenge of providing health care for an increasing number of people with chronic conditions. Projects are often organised locally and based on the involvement of stakeholders with a wide range of backgrounds. It can be challenging to ensure that projects are based on previous experience and that they do not repeat previous studies. To better understand these challenges and current practice, we examined telemedicine projects funded in the 2008-2010 period to explore where, how and to what extent results from the projects were documented and disseminated. Public and private funds were contacted for information about telemedicine studies focusing on people residing in their homes. After an initial screening of titles and abstracts, 19 projects were identified. The managers of the projects were contacted and information about project results and dissemination were obtained. More than half of all projects were disseminated to professionals as well as to the public and used two-way communication. However, it was generally difficult to obtain an overview of the projects due to dynamic changes in names and scopes. We propose that the funding authorities require designs comprising proper evaluation models that will subsequently allow the investigators to publish their findings. Furthermore, a dissemination plan comprising both peers and other professions should be made mandatory. The investigators should ensure proper documentation and dissemination of changes both during and after the projects in order to ensure transparency, and national or international organisations should establish a database with relevant data fields. not relevant. not relevant.

An Iterative Closest Points Algorithm for Registration of 3D Laser Scanner Point Clouds with Geometric Features.

PubMed

He, Ying; Liang, Bin; Yang, Jun; Li, Shunzhi; He, Jin

2017-08-11

The Iterative Closest Points (ICP) algorithm is the mainstream algorithm used in the process of accurate registration of 3D point cloud data. The algorithm requires a proper initial value and the approximate registration of two point clouds to prevent the algorithm from falling into local extremes, but in the actual point cloud matching process, it is difficult to ensure compliance with this requirement. In this paper, we proposed the ICP algorithm based on point cloud features (GF-ICP). This method uses the geometrical features of the point cloud to be registered, such as curvature, surface normal and point cloud density, to search for the correspondence relationships between two point clouds and introduces the geometric features into the error function to realize the accurate registration of two point clouds. The experimental results showed that the algorithm can improve the convergence speed and the interval of convergence without setting a proper initial value.

An Iterative Closest Points Algorithm for Registration of 3D Laser Scanner Point Clouds with Geometric Features

PubMed Central

Liang, Bin; Yang, Jun; Li, Shunzhi; He, Jin

2017-01-01

The Iterative Closest Points (ICP) algorithm is the mainstream algorithm used in the process of accurate registration of 3D point cloud data. The algorithm requires a proper initial value and the approximate registration of two point clouds to prevent the algorithm from falling into local extremes, but in the actual point cloud matching process, it is difficult to ensure compliance with this requirement. In this paper, we proposed the ICP algorithm based on point cloud features (GF-ICP). This method uses the geometrical features of the point cloud to be registered, such as curvature, surface normal and point cloud density, to search for the correspondence relationships between two point clouds and introduces the geometric features into the error function to realize the accurate registration of two point clouds. The experimental results showed that the algorithm can improve the convergence speed and the interval of convergence without setting a proper initial value. PMID:28800096

Alternative Fuels Data Center: Propane Tank Overfill Safety Advisory

Science.gov Websites

rises above set safe levels. However, even if conditions result in a fuel release, an ignition source vehicle tanks are all equipped with PRDs to ensure safe levels of LPG pressure in the tanks, and we are practices for OPDs to ensure they work properly. The US DOE Clean Cities (DOE-CC) program is working with

Fiber Optic Cable Thermal Preparation to Ensure Stable Operation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Thoames Jr, William J.; Chuska, Rick F.; LaRocca, Frank V.; Switzer, Robert C.; Macmurphy, Shawn L.; Ott, Melanie N.

2008-01-01

Fiber optic cables are widely used in modern systems that must provide stable operation during exposure to changing environmental conditions. For example, a fiber optic cable on a satellite may have to reliably function over a temperature range of -50 C up to 125 C. While the system requirements for a particular application will dictate the exact method by which the fibers should be prepared, this work will examine multiple ruggedized fibers prepared in different fashions and subjected to thermal qualification testing. The data show that if properly conditioned the fiber cables can provide stable operation, but if done incorrectly, they will have large fluctuations in transmission.

Proteome complexity and the forces that drive proteome imbalance

PubMed Central

Harper, J. Wade; Bennett, Eric J.

2016-01-01

Summary The cellular proteome is a complex microcosm of structural and regulatory networks that requires continuous surveillance and modification to meet the dynamic needs of the cell. It is therefore crucial that the protein flux of the cell remains in balance to ensure proper cell function. Genetic alterations that range from chromosome imbalance to oncogene activation can affect the speed, fidelity and capacity of protein biogenesis and degradation systems, which often results in proteome imbalance. An improved understanding of the causes and consequences of proteome imbalance is helping to reveal how these systems can be targeted to treat diseases such as cancer. PMID:27629639

Mitochondrial DNA repair and damage tolerance.

PubMed

Stein, Alexis; Sia, Elaine A

2017-01-01

The accurate maintenance of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is required in order for eukaryotic cells to assemble a functional electron transport chain. This independently-maintained genome relies on nuclear-encoded proteins that are imported into the mitochondria to carry out replication and repair processes. Decades of research has made clear that mitochondria employ robust and varied mtDNA repair and damage tolerance mechanisms in order to ensure the proper maintenance of the mitochondrial genome. This review focuses on our current understanding of mtDNA repair and damage tolerance pathways including base excision repair, mismatch repair, homologous recombination, non-homologous end joining, translesion synthesis and mtDNA degradation in both yeast and mammalian systems.

Instantaneous microwave frequency measurement with improved resolution

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Yueqin; Pei, Li; Li, Jing; Zheng, Jingjing; Wang, Yiqun; Yuan, Jin; Tang, Yu

2015-11-01

An approach of instantaneous microwave frequency measurement with improved resolution is proposed and analyzed. The primary component employed in the proposal is a polarization modulator (PolM) followed by a linear polarizer (LP) and a spool of dispersive fiber. To obtain a flexible amplitude comparison function (ACF), the polarization state between the PolM and the LP should be properly adjusted. It is found that the notch point of the ACF can be widely shifted by simply adjusting the bias voltage applied to the PolM, especially, a greater first-order derivative of the ACF ensures that the measurement resolution can be improved when compared with the work in the reference.

Membrane protein synthesis in cell-free systems: from bio-mimetic systems to bio-membranes.

PubMed

Sachse, Rita; Dondapati, Srujan K; Fenz, Susanne F; Schmidt, Thomas; Kubick, Stefan

2014-08-25

When taking up the gauntlet of studying membrane protein functionality, scientists are provided with a plethora of advantages, which can be exploited for the synthesis of these difficult-to-express proteins by utilizing cell-free protein synthesis systems. Due to their hydrophobicity, membrane proteins have exceptional demands regarding their environment to ensure correct functionality. Thus, the challenge is to find the appropriate hydrophobic support that facilitates proper membrane protein folding. So far, various modes of membrane protein synthesis have been presented. Here, we summarize current state-of-the-art methodologies of membrane protein synthesis in biomimetic-supported systems. The correct folding and functionality of membrane proteins depend in many cases on their integration into a lipid bilayer and subsequent posttranslational modification. We highlight cell-free systems utilizing the advantages of biological membranes. Copyright © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Structure and Function of the 26S Proteasome.

PubMed

Bard, Jared A M; Goodall, Ellen A; Greene, Eric R; Jonsson, Erik; Dong, Ken C; Martin, Andreas

2018-06-20

As the endpoint for the ubiquitin-proteasome system, the 26S proteasome is the principal proteolytic machine responsible for regulated protein degradation in eukaryotic cells. The proteasome's cellular functions range from general protein homeostasis and stress response to the control of vital processes such as cell division and signal transduction. To reliably process all the proteins presented to it in the complex cellular environment, the proteasome must combine high promiscuity with exceptional substrate selectivity. Recent structural and biochemical studies have shed new light on the many steps involved in proteasomal substrate processing, including recognition, deubiquitination, and ATP-driven translocation and unfolding. In addition, these studies revealed a complex conformational landscape that ensures proper substrate selection before the proteasome commits to processive degradation. These advances in our understanding of the proteasome's intricate machinery set the stage for future studies on how the proteasome functions as a major regulator of the eukaryotic proteome.

Chitin's Functionality as a Novel Disintegrant: Benchmarking Against Commonly Used Disintegrants in Different Physicochemical Environments.

PubMed

Chaheen, Mohammad; Soulairol, Ian; Bataille, Bernard; Yassine, Ahmad; Belamie, Emmanuel; Sharkawi, Tahmer

2017-07-01

Disintegrants are used as excipients to ensure rapid disintegration of pharmaceutical tablets and further ensure proper dissolution of the active pharmaceutical ingredient. This study investigates disintegration mechanisms of chitin and common disintegrants. Swelling assessment (swelling force and swelling ratio) in different media, and compaction behavior (pure or mixed with other excipients) tabletability, deformation (Heckel modeling), and compact disintegration times were investigated on the tested disintegrants (alginic acid calcium salt, crospovidone, sodium starch glycolate, croscarmellose sodium, and chitin). Results show that the physicochemical properties of the disintegration medium such as pH and ionic strength, as well as other formulation ingredients, affect the disintegrant functionalities. Heckel analysis using the mean yield pressure "Py" shows that alginic acid calcium salt is the most brittle among the studied disintegrants, while crospovidone has the most plastic deformation mechanism, followed by chitin. Chitin showed good tabletability and disintegration properties that were not influenced by the physicochemical formulation environment. Chitin is largely available and easily modifiable and thus a promising material that could be used as a multifunctional excipient in tablet formulation. Copyright © 2017 American Pharmacists Association®. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Metrology and Calibration

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mathews, Kenneth W.; Wachter, James R.

2018-01-01

The purpose of this NASA Technical Standard is to ensure the accuracy of measurements affecting safety and mission success through the proper selection, calibration, and use of Measuring and Test Equipment (MTE).

Naval Sea Systems Command Did Not Properly Apply Guidance Regarding Contracting Officers Representatives

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-03-18

Contract _______________________________ 10 PCO and ACO Did Not Ensure Appointment of COR ________________________________________ 12 NAVSEA Did Not Properly...sample was selected, NAVSEA had issued work for 36 availabilities on the contract—obligating $102.5M. { The procuring contracting officer ( PCO ) at...Responsibilities,” Section 1.602-2, “Responsibilities,” May 29, 2014. 3 The contracting officers for the contract reviewed are the PCO at NAVSEA

DOD Financial Management: Actions Under Way Need to Be Successfully Completed to Address Long-standing Funds Control Weaknesses

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-04-01

FISCAM Federal Information System Controls Audit Manual FMFIA Federal Managers’ Financial Integrity Act FMR Financial Management Regulation GAAP ...rules are incorporated into generally accepted accounting principles ( GAAP ) for the federal government. For additional information on the two methods of...to hold executive branch officials accountable for proper use of budgetary resources, and to ensure proper stewardship and transparency of the use

40 CFR 62.14442 - What must my inspection include?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...; (15) Inspect bypass stack components; (16) Ensure proper calibration of thermocouples, sorbent feed... calibration of thermocouples, sorbent feed systems and any other monitoring equipment; and (3) Include...

40 CFR 62.14442 - What must my inspection include?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...; (15) Inspect bypass stack components; (16) Ensure proper calibration of thermocouples, sorbent feed... calibration of thermocouples, sorbent feed systems and any other monitoring equipment; and (3) Include...

75 FR 64357 - Notice of Information Collection

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-19

... ensure proper accounting of Federal funds and property provided under NASA cooperative agreements with... efforts to extend the use of information technology to more Government processes via the Internet...

Multiple spacecraft configuration designs for coordinated flight missions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fumenti, Federico; Theil, Stephan

2018-06-01

Coordinated flight allows the replacement of a single monolithic spacecraft with multiple smaller ones, based on the principle of distributed systems. According to the mission objectives and to ensure a safe relative motion, constraints on the relative distances need to be satisfied. Initially, differential perturbations are limited by proper orbit design. Then, the induced differential drifts can be properly handled through corrective maneuvers. In this work, several designs are surveyed, defining the initial configuration of a group of spacecraft while counteracting the differential perturbations. For each of the investigated designs, focus is placed upon the number of deployable spacecraft and on the possibility to ensure safe relative motion through station keeping of the initial configuration, with particular attention to the required Δ V budget and the constraints violations.

A simple method to ensure proper screw position and plate size selection using the Morscher cervical spine locking plate. Technical note.

PubMed

Ball, P A; Benzel, E C; Baldwin, N G

1994-04-01

The use of bone plate instrumentation with screw fixation has proved to be a useful adjunctive measure in anterior cervical spine fusion surgery. Proper fitting, positioning, and attachment of this instrumentation have been shown to be frequently suboptimal if done without radiographic guidance. The most commonly used method of radiographic assistance for placement of this instrumentation is fluoroscopy. While this gives satisfactory technical results, it is expensive and time-consuming, and exposes the patient and the operating room personnel to ionizing radiation. The authors present a simple technique to ensure screw placement and plate fitting using Kirschner wires and a single lateral radiograph. This technique saves time, reduces exposure to radiation, and has led to satisfactory results in over 20 operative cases.

Full optical model of micro-endoscope with optical coherence microscopy, multiphoton microscopy and visible capabilities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vega, David; Kiekens, Kelli C.; Syson, Nikolas C.; Romano, Gabriella; Baker, Tressa; Barton, Jennifer K.

2018-02-01

While Optical Coherence Microscopy (OCM), Multiphoton Microscopy (MPM), and narrowband imaging are powerful imaging techniques that can be used to detect cancer, each imaging technique has limitations when used by itself. Combining them into an endoscope to work in synergy can help achieve high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis at the point of care. Such complex endoscopes have an elevated risk of failure, and performing proper modelling ensures functionality and minimizes risk. We present full 2D and 3D models of a multimodality optical micro-endoscope to provide real-time detection of carcinomas, called a salpingoscope. The models evaluate the endoscope illumination and light collection capabilities of various modalities. The design features two optical paths with different numerical apertures (NA) through a single lens system with a scanning optical fiber. The dual path is achieved using dichroic coatings embedded in a triplet. A high NA optical path is designed to perform OCM and MPM while a low NA optical path is designed for the visible spectrum to navigate the endoscope to areas of interest and narrowband imaging. Different tests such as the reflectance profile of homogeneous epithelial tissue were performed to adjust the models properly. Light collection models for the different modalities were created and tested for efficiency. While it is challenging to evaluate the efficiency of multimodality endoscopes, the models ensure that the system is design for the expected light collection levels to provide detectable signal to work for the intended imaging.

32 CFR 536.105 - Responsibilities generally/international agreements claims.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) Monitoring the reimbursement system to ensure that programs for the proper verification and certification of... liaison with sending State representatives and establishing procedures designed to carry out the...

Nutrition in emergencies: Issues involved in ensuring proper nutrition in post-chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear disaster

PubMed Central

Singh, Som Nath

2010-01-01

Accidental or deliberate exposure to chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) agents poses considerable threat throughout the world. Under such conditions, ensuring proper nutrition is a difficult task due to contamination of food available in the affected area. Generally, food is not prepared or served in an environment contaminated by CBRN agents. Foods that are properly packed need to be decontaminated from outside before use. These agents get incorporated in to food chain. Therefore, especially the foliage vegetables, milk and meat products from affected area are not fit for consumption. Potassium iodide has protective role, as radioiodine uptake into the thyroid can be blocked by its pharmacological doses. This is most effective when taken before exposure, but still has significant effects up to five to six hours postexposure. The antioxidant vitamins and minerals may be included in therapeutic feeding programs, as they are known to protect against oxidative stress. Minimum requirement of calories and nutrients are similar to other disasters and are discussed in the present review. PMID:21829320

Nutrition in emergencies: Issues involved in ensuring proper nutrition in post-chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear disaster.

PubMed

Singh, Som Nath

2010-07-01

Accidental or deliberate exposure to chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) agents poses considerable threat throughout the world. Under such conditions, ensuring proper nutrition is a difficult task due to contamination of food available in the affected area. Generally, food is not prepared or served in an environment contaminated by CBRN agents. Foods that are properly packed need to be decontaminated from outside before use. These agents get incorporated in to food chain. Therefore, especially the foliage vegetables, milk and meat products from affected area are not fit for consumption. Potassium iodide has protective role, as radioiodine uptake into the thyroid can be blocked by its pharmacological doses. This is most effective when taken before exposure, but still has significant effects up to five to six hours postexposure. The antioxidant vitamins and minerals may be included in therapeutic feeding programs, as they are known to protect against oxidative stress. Minimum requirement of calories and nutrients are similar to other disasters and are discussed in the present review.

The Chromatin Protein DUET/MMD1 Controls Expression of the Meiotic Gene TDM1 during Male Meiosis in Arabidopsis

PubMed Central

Andreuzza, Sébastien; Nishal, Bindu; Singh, Aparna; Siddiqi, Imran

2015-01-01

Meiosis produces haploid cells essential for sexual reproduction. In yeast, entry into meiosis activates transcription factors which trigger a transcriptional cascade that results in sequential co-expression of early, middle and late meiotic genes. However, these factors are not conserved, and the factors and regulatory mechanisms that ensure proper meiotic gene expression in multicellular eukaryotes are poorly understood. Here, we report that DUET/MMD1, a PHD finger protein essential for Arabidopsis male meiosis, functions as a transcriptional regulator in plant meiosis. We find that DUET-PHD binds H3K4me2 in vitro, and show that this interaction is critical for function during meiosis. We also show that DUET is required for proper microtubule organization during meiosis II, independently of its function in meiosis I. Remarkably, DUET protein shows stage-specific expression, confined to diplotene. We identify two genes TDM1 and JAS with critical functions in cell cycle transitions and spindle organization in male meiosis, as DUET targets, with TDM1 being a direct target. Thus, DUET is required to regulate microtubule organization and cell cycle transitions during male meiosis, and functions as a direct transcription activator of the meiotic gene TDM1. Expression profiling showed reduced expression of a subset comprising about 12% of a known set of meiosis preferred genes in the duet mutant. Our results reveal the action of DUET as a transcriptional regulator during male meiosis in plants, and suggest that transcription of meiotic genes is under stagewise control in plants as in yeast. PMID:26348709

The Chromatin Protein DUET/MMD1 Controls Expression of the Meiotic Gene TDM1 during Male Meiosis in Arabidopsis.

PubMed

Andreuzza, Sébastien; Nishal, Bindu; Singh, Aparna; Siddiqi, Imran

2015-09-01

Meiosis produces haploid cells essential for sexual reproduction. In yeast, entry into meiosis activates transcription factors which trigger a transcriptional cascade that results in sequential co-expression of early, middle and late meiotic genes. However, these factors are not conserved, and the factors and regulatory mechanisms that ensure proper meiotic gene expression in multicellular eukaryotes are poorly understood. Here, we report that DUET/MMD1, a PHD finger protein essential for Arabidopsis male meiosis, functions as a transcriptional regulator in plant meiosis. We find that DUET-PHD binds H3K4me2 in vitro, and show that this interaction is critical for function during meiosis. We also show that DUET is required for proper microtubule organization during meiosis II, independently of its function in meiosis I. Remarkably, DUET protein shows stage-specific expression, confined to diplotene. We identify two genes TDM1 and JAS with critical functions in cell cycle transitions and spindle organization in male meiosis, as DUET targets, with TDM1 being a direct target. Thus, DUET is required to regulate microtubule organization and cell cycle transitions during male meiosis, and functions as a direct transcription activator of the meiotic gene TDM1. Expression profiling showed reduced expression of a subset comprising about 12% of a known set of meiosis preferred genes in the duet mutant. Our results reveal the action of DUET as a transcriptional regulator during male meiosis in plants, and suggest that transcription of meiotic genes is under stagewise control in plants as in yeast.

Modeling the Dynamics of Task Allocation and Specialization in Honeybee Societies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hoogendoorn, Mark; Schut, Martijn C.; Treur, Jan

The concept of organization has been studied in sciences such as social science and economics, but recently also in artificial intelligence [Furtado 2005, Giorgini 2004, and McCallum 2005]. With the desire to analyze and design more complex systems consisting of larger numbers of agents (e.g., in nature, society, or software), the need arises for a concept of higher abstraction than the concept agent. To this end, organizational modeling is becoming a practiced stage in the analysis and design of multi-agent systems, hereby taking into consideration the environment of the organization. An environment can have a high degree of variability which might require organizations to adapt to the environment's dynamics, to ensure a continuous proper functioning of the organization. Hence, such change processes are a crucial function of the organization and should be part of the organizational model.

The Distribution and Annihilation of Dark Matter Around Black Holes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schnittman, Jeremy D.

2015-01-01

We use a Monte Carlo code to calculate the geodesic orbits of test particles around Kerr black holes, generating a distribution function of both bound and unbound populations of dark matter (DM) particles. From this distribution function, we calculate annihilation rates and observable gamma-ray spectra for a few simple DM models. The features of these spectra are sensitive to the black hole spin, observer inclination, and detailed properties of the DM annihilation cross-section and density profile. Confirming earlier analytic work, we find that for rapidly spinning black holes, the collisional Penrose process can reach efficiencies exceeding 600%, leading to a high-energy tail in the annihilation spectrum. The high particle density and large proper volume of the region immediately surrounding the horizon ensures that the observed flux from these extreme events is non-negligible.

The MADD-3 LAMMER Kinase Interacts with a p38 MAP Kinase Pathway to Regulate the Display of the EVA-1 Guidance Receptor in Caenorhabditis elegans.

PubMed

D'Souza, Serena A; Rajendran, Luckshika; Bagg, Rachel; Barbier, Louis; van Pel, Derek M; Moshiri, Houtan; Roy, Peter J

2016-04-01

The proper display of transmembrane receptors on the leading edge of migrating cells and cell extensions is essential for their response to guidance cues. We previously discovered that MADD-4, which is an ADAMTSL secreted by motor neurons in Caenorhabditis elegans, interacts with an UNC-40/EVA-1 co-receptor complex on muscles to attract plasma membrane extensions called muscle arms. In nematodes, the muscle arm termini harbor the post-synaptic elements of the neuromuscular junction. Through a forward genetic screen for mutants with disrupted muscle arm extension, we discovered that a LAMMER kinase, which we call MADD-3, is required for the proper display of the EVA-1 receptor on the muscle's plasma membrane. Without MADD-3, EVA-1 levels decrease concomitantly with a reduction of the late-endosomal marker RAB-7. Through a genetic suppressor screen, we found that the levels of EVA-1 and RAB-7 can be restored in madd-3 mutants by eliminating the function of a p38 MAP kinase pathway. We also found that EVA-1 and RAB-7 will accumulate in madd-3 mutants upon disrupting CUP-5, which is a mucolipin ortholog required for proper lysosome function. Together, our data suggests that the MADD-3 LAMMER kinase antagonizes the p38-mediated endosomal trafficking of EVA-1 to the lysosome. In this way, MADD-3 ensures that sufficient levels of EVA-1 are present to guide muscle arm extension towards the source of the MADD-4 guidance cue.

The MADD-3 LAMMER Kinase Interacts with a p38 MAP Kinase Pathway to Regulate the Display of the EVA-1 Guidance Receptor in Caenorhabditis elegans

PubMed Central

D’Souza, Serena A.; Rajendran, Luckshika; Bagg, Rachel; van Pel, Derek M.; Moshiri, Houtan; Roy, Peter J.

2016-01-01

The proper display of transmembrane receptors on the leading edge of migrating cells and cell extensions is essential for their response to guidance cues. We previously discovered that MADD-4, which is an ADAMTSL secreted by motor neurons in Caenorhabditis elegans, interacts with an UNC-40/EVA-1 co-receptor complex on muscles to attract plasma membrane extensions called muscle arms. In nematodes, the muscle arm termini harbor the post-synaptic elements of the neuromuscular junction. Through a forward genetic screen for mutants with disrupted muscle arm extension, we discovered that a LAMMER kinase, which we call MADD-3, is required for the proper display of the EVA-1 receptor on the muscle’s plasma membrane. Without MADD-3, EVA-1 levels decrease concomitantly with a reduction of the late-endosomal marker RAB-7. Through a genetic suppressor screen, we found that the levels of EVA-1 and RAB-7 can be restored in madd-3 mutants by eliminating the function of a p38 MAP kinase pathway. We also found that EVA-1 and RAB-7 will accumulate in madd-3 mutants upon disrupting CUP-5, which is a mucolipin ortholog required for proper lysosome function. Together, our data suggests that the MADD-3 LAMMER kinase antagonizes the p38-mediated endosomal trafficking of EVA-1 to the lysosome. In this way, MADD-3 ensures that sufficient levels of EVA-1 are present to guide muscle arm extension towards the source of the MADD-4 guidance cue. PMID:27123983

Conjunctival Goblet Cell Function: Effect of Contact Lens Wear and Cytokines

PubMed Central

García-Posadas, Laura; Contreras-Ruiz, Laura; Soriano-Romaní, Laura; Dartt, Darlene A.; Diebold, Yolanda

2015-01-01

This review focuses on conjunctival goblet cells and their essential function in the maintenance of eye health. The main function of goblet cells is to produce and secrete mucins that lubricate the ocular surface. An excess or a defect in those mucins leads to several alterations that makes goblet cells central players in maintaining the proper mucin balance and ensuring the correct function of ocular surface tissues. A typical pathology that occurs with mucous deficiency is dry eye disease, whereas the classical example of mucous hyperproduction is allergic conjunctivitis. In this review we analyze how goblet cell number and function can be altered in these diseases and in contact lens wearers. We found that most published studies focused exclusively on goblet cell number. However, recent advances have demonstrated that, along with mucin secretion, goblet cells are also able to secrete cytokines and respond to them. We describe the effect of different cytokines on goblet cell proliferation and secretion. We conclude that it is important to further explore the effect of contact lens wear and cytokines on conjunctival goblet cell function. PMID:26067396

NBS1 plays a synergistic role with telomerase in the maintenance of telomeres in Arabidopsis thaliana.

PubMed

Najdekrova, Lucie; Siroky, Jiri

2012-09-17

Telomeres, as elaborate nucleo-protein complexes, ensure chromosomal stability. When impaired, the ends of linear chromosomes can be recognised by cellular repair mechanisms as double-strand DNA breaks and can be healed by non-homologous-end-joining activities to produce dicentric chromosomes. During cell divisions, particularly during anaphase, dicentrics can break, thus producing naked chromosome tips susceptible to additional unwanted chromosome fusion. Many telomere-building protein complexes are associated with telomeres to ensure their proper capping function. It has been found however, that a number of repair complexes also contribute to telomere stability. We used Arabidopsis thaliana to study the possible functions of the DNA repair subunit, NBS1, in telomere homeostasis using knockout nbs1 mutants. The results showed that although NBS1-deficient plants were viable, lacked any sign of developmental aberration and produced fertile seeds through many generations upon self-fertilisation, plants also missing the functional telomerase (double mutants), rapidly, within three generations, displayed severe developmental defects. Cytogenetic inspection of cycling somatic cells revealed a very early onset of massive genome instability. Molecular methods used for examining the length of telomeres in double homozygous mutants detected much faster telomere shortening than in plants deficient in telomerase gene alone. Our findings suggest that NBS1 acts in concert with telomerase and plays a profound role in plant telomere renewal.

Controlling the response to DNA damage by the APC/C-Cdh1.

PubMed

de Boer, H Rudolf; Guerrero Llobet, S; van Vugt, Marcel A T M

2016-03-01

Proper cell cycle progression is safeguarded by the oscillating activities of cyclin/cyclin-dependent kinase complexes. An important player in the regulation of mitotic cyclins is the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), a multi-subunit E3 ubiquitin ligase. Prior to entry into mitosis, the APC/C remains inactive, which allows the accumulation of mitotic regulators. APC/C activation requires binding to either the Cdc20 or Cdh1 adaptor protein, which sequentially bind the APC/C and facilitate targeting of multiple mitotic regulators for proteasomal destruction, including Securin and Cyclin B, to ensure proper chromosome segregation and mitotic exit. Emerging data have indicated that the APC/C, particularly in association with Cdh1, also functions prior to mitotic entry. Specifically, the APC/C-Cdh1 is activated in response to DNA damage in G2 phase cells. These observations are in line with in vitro and in vivo genetic studies, in which cells lacking Cdh1 expression display various defects, including impaired DNA repair and aberrant cell cycle checkpoints. In this review, we summarize the current literature on APC/C regulation in response to DNA damage, the functions of APC/C-Cdh1 activation upon DNA damage, and speculate how APC/C-Cdh1 can control cell fate in the context of persistent DNA damage.

Asna1/TRC40 Controls β-Cell Function and Endoplasmic Reticulum Homeostasis by Ensuring Retrograde Transport.

PubMed

Norlin, Stefan; Parekh, Vishal S; Naredi, Peter; Edlund, Helena

2016-01-01

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by insulin resistance and β-cell failure. Insulin resistance per se, however, does not provoke overt diabetes as long as compensatory β-cell function is maintained. The increased demand for insulin stresses the β-cell endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and secretory pathway, and ER stress is associated with β-cell failure in T2D. The tail recognition complex (TRC) pathway, including Asna1/TRC40, is implicated in the maintenance of endomembrane trafficking and ER homeostasis. To gain insight into the role of Asna1/TRC40 in maintaining endomembrane homeostasis and β-cell function, we inactivated Asna1 in β-cells of mice. We show that Asna1(β-/-) mice develop hypoinsulinemia, impaired insulin secretion, and glucose intolerance that rapidly progresses to overt diabetes. Loss of Asna1 function leads to perturbed plasma membrane-to-trans Golgi network and Golgi-to-ER retrograde transport as well as to ER stress in β-cells. Of note, pharmacological inhibition of retrograde transport in isolated islets and insulinoma cells mimicked the phenotype of Asna1(β-/-) β-cells and resulted in reduced insulin content and ER stress. These data support a model where Asna1 ensures retrograde transport and, hence, ER and insulin homeostasis in β-cells. © 2016 by the American Diabetes Association. Readers may use this article as long as the work is properly cited, the use is educational and not for profit, and the work is not altered.

ESCRT-dependent degradation of ubiquitylated plasma membrane proteins in plants.

PubMed

Isono, Erika; Kalinowska, Kamila

2017-12-01

To control the abundance of plasma membrane receptors and transporters is crucial for proper perception and response to extracellular signals from surrounding cells and the environment. Posttranslational modification of plasma membrane proteins, especially ubiquitin conjugation or ubiquitylation, is key for the determination of stability for many transmembrane proteins localized on the cell surface. The targeted degradation is ensured by a complex network of proteins among which the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) plays a central role. This review focuses on progresses made in recent years on the understanding of the function of the ESCRT machinery in the degradation of ubiquitylated plasma membrane proteins in plants. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Aspects of the passenger airbag E.C.U. location

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Soica, A.

2016-08-01

Road accidents represent the dark side of road traffic, their consequences leading to material damage and often to vehicle occupant fatalities. Passive safety systems offer a high level of protection to vehicle occupants; yet, depending on a number of constructive factors and not only, these systems can not always ensure a high survival rate. The costs of road traffic accidents are to be borne by the whole society, with high amounts of money required. In this paper we analyze how the collision is felt in various points on the vehicle, at a given time and how this may affect the proper functioning of the passive safety systems, especially the airbag system.

LIGA-based microsystem manufacturing:the electrochemistry of through-mold depostion and material properties.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kelly, James J.; Goods, Steven Howard

2005-06-01

The report presented below is to appear in ''Electrochemistry at the Nanoscale'', Patrik Schmuki, Ed. Springer-Verlag, (ca. 2005). The history of the LIGA process, used for fabricating dimensional precise structures for microsystem applications, is briefly reviewed, as are the basic elements of the technology. The principal focus however, is on the unique aspects of the electrochemistry of LIGA through-mask metal deposition and the generation of the fine and uniform microstructures necessary to ensure proper functionality of LIGA components. We draw from both previously published work by external researchers in the field as well as from published and unpublished studies frommore » within Sandia.« less

Billie Christen | NREL

Science.gov Websites

, administration, and placement of subcontracts for both centers, ensuring that the objectives are met and that the develop budgets for subcontracts and makes sure the subcontracts are properly initiated and closed out in

Standard terms and conditions applicable to foreign grant recipients

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The recipient agrees to maintain appropriate systems, policies, and procedures for ensuring the proper stewardship and financial management of EPA grant funds in accordance with the terms and conditions of this award.

14 CFR 29.63 - Takeoff: Category B.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... unfavorable center of gravity. The takeoff may be begun in any manner if— (a) The takeoff surface is defined; (b) Adequate safeguards are maintained to ensure proper center of gravity and control positions; and...

14 CFR 29.63 - Takeoff: Category B.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... unfavorable center of gravity. The takeoff may be begun in any manner if— (a) The takeoff surface is defined; (b) Adequate safeguards are maintained to ensure proper center of gravity and control positions; and...

14 CFR 29.63 - Takeoff: Category B.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... unfavorable center of gravity. The takeoff may be begun in any manner if— (a) The takeoff surface is defined; (b) Adequate safeguards are maintained to ensure proper center of gravity and control positions; and...

14 CFR 29.63 - Takeoff: Category B.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... unfavorable center of gravity. The takeoff may be begun in any manner if— (a) The takeoff surface is defined; (b) Adequate safeguards are maintained to ensure proper center of gravity and control positions; and...

14 CFR 29.63 - Takeoff: Category B.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... unfavorable center of gravity. The takeoff may be begun in any manner if— (a) The takeoff surface is defined; (b) Adequate safeguards are maintained to ensure proper center of gravity and control positions; and...

Hiring and Training Lifeguards.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hunsucker, John

1993-01-01

Discusses options for the hiring, testing, training, and supervision of lifeguards. Stresses the responsibility of camp directors in hiring properly trained lifeguards to ensure camper safety. Includes a precamp screening test of lifeguard knowledge and skills. (LP)

Guidelines for maintaining and managing the vaccine cold chain.

PubMed

2003-10-24

In February 2002, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) and American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) released their revised General Recommendations on Immunization, which included recommendations on the storage and handling of immunobiologics. Because of increased concern over the potential for errors with the vaccine cold chain (i.e., maintaining proper vaccine temperatures during storage and handling to preserve potency), this notice advises vaccine providers of the importance of proper cold chain management practices. This report describes proper storage units and storage temperatures, outlines appropriate temperature-monitoring practices, and recommends steps for evaluating a temperature-monitoring program. The success of efforts against vaccine-preventable diseases is attributable in part to proper storage and handling of vaccines. Exposure of vaccines to temperatures outside the recommended ranges can affect potency adversely, thereby reducing protection from vaccine-preventable diseases. Good practices to maintain proper vaccine storage and handling can ensure that the full benefit of immunization is realized.

The American History of PTSD: Civil War -- Vietnam

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-03-21

ABSTRACTION FROM, OR REPRODUCTION OF ALL OR ANY PART OF TillS DOCUI\\1ENT IS PERl\\flTTED PROVIDED PROPER ACKNOWLEDGEI\\1ENT IS MADE. Acknowledgments I would...treatment procedure for "shell shock" involved administering a hypnotic therapy designed to restore the victim’s memory through the trancelike repetition and...of the most effective methods of ensuring long lasting recovery. However, the negative cmmotations associated with hypnotism ensured that only a

Postprostatectomy Erectile Dysfunction: A Review

PubMed Central

Salonia, Andrea; Briganti, Alberto; Montorsi, Francesco

2016-01-01

In the current era of the early diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa) and the development of minimally invasive surgical techniques, erectile dysfunction (ED) represents an important issue, with up to 68% of patients who undergo radical prostatectomy (RP) complaining of postoperative erectile function (EF) impairment. In this context, it is crucial to comprehensively consider all factors possibly associated with the prevention of post-RP ED throughout the entire clinical management of PCa patients. A careful assessment of both oncological and functional baseline characteristics should be carried out for each patient preoperatively. Baseline EF, together with age and the overall burden of comorbidities, has been strongly associated with the chance of post-RP EF recovery. With this goal in mind, internationally validated psychometric instruments are preferable for ensuring proper baseline EF evaluations, and questionnaires should be administered at the proper time before surgery. Careful preoperative counselling is also required, both to respect the patient's wishes and to avoid false expectations regarding eventual recovery of baseline EF. The advent of robotic surgery has led to improvements in the knowledge of prostate surgical anatomy, as reflected by the formal redefinition of nerve-sparing techniques. Overall, comparative studies have shown significantly better EF outcomes for robotic RP than for open techniques, although data from prospective trials have not always been consistent. Preclinical data and several prospective randomized trials have demonstrated the value of treating patients with oral phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (PDE5is) after surgery, with the concomitant potential benefit of early re-oxygenation of the erectile tissue, which appears to be crucial for avoiding the eventual penile structural changes that are associated with postoperative neuropraxia and ultimately result in severe ED. For patients who do not properly respond to PDE5is, proper counselling regarding intracavernous treatment should be considered, along with the further possibility of surgical treatment for ED involving the implantation of a penile prosthesis. PMID:27574591

Operation of International Monitoring System Network

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nikolova, Svetlana; Araujo, Fernando; Aktas, Kadircan; Malakhova, Marina; Otsuka, Riyo; Han, Dongmei; Assef, Thierry; Nava, Elisabetta; Mickevicius, Sigitas; Agrebi, Abdelouaheb

2015-04-01

The IMS is a globally distributed network of monitoring facilities using sensors from four technologies: seismic, hydroacoustic, infrasound and radionuclide. It is designed to detect the seismic and acoustic waves produced by nuclear test explosions and the subsequently released radioactive isotopes. Monitoring stations transmit their data to the IDC in Vienna, Austria, over a global private network known as the GCI. Since 2013, the data availability (DA) requirements for IMS stations account for quality of the data, meaning that in calculation of data availability data should be exclude if: - there is no input from sensor (SHI technology); - the signal consists of constant values (SHI technology); Even more strict are requirements for the DA of the radionuclide (particulate and noble gas) stations - received data have to be analyzed, reviewed and categorized by IDC analysts. In order to satisfy the strict data and network availability requirements of the IMS Network, the operation of the facilities and the GCI are managed by IDC Operations. Operations has following main functions: - to ensure proper operation and functioning of the stations; - to ensure proper operation and functioning of the GCI; - to ensure efficient management of the stations in IDC; - to provide network oversight and incident management. At the core of the IMS Network operations are a series of tools for: monitoring the stations' state of health and data quality, troubleshooting incidents, communicating with internal and external stakeholders, and reporting. The new requirements for data availability increased the importance of the raw data quality monitoring. This task is addressed by development of additional tools for easy and fast identifying problems in data acquisition, regular activities to check compliance of the station parameters with acquired data by scheduled calibration of the seismic network, review of the samples by certified radionuclide laboratories. The DA for the networks of different technologies in 2014 is: Primary seismic (PS) network - 95.70%, Infrasound network (IS) - 97.68%, Hydroacoustic network (HA) - 88.78%, Auxiliary Seismic - 86.07%; Radionuclide Particulate - 83.01% and Radionuclide Noble Gas -75.06%. IDC's strategy for further improving operations and management of the stations and meeting DA requirements is: - further development of tools and procedures to effectively identify and support troubleshooting of problems by the Station Operators; - effective support to the station operators to develop tailored Operation and Maintenance plans for their stations; - focus on early identification of the raw data quality problems at the station in order to support timely resolution; - extensive training programme for station operators (joined effort of IDC and IMS).

78 FR 52236 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request for Form 13560

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-22

... return of funds in order to ensure proper handling. This form serves as supporting documentation for any..., including through the use of automated collection techniques or other forms of information technology; and...

76 FR 44300 - Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-25

.... 601, et seq.), the Poultry Products Inspection Act (PPIA) (21 U.S.C. 451, et seq.), and the Egg... public by ensuring that meat, poultry, and egg products are wholesome, not adulterated, and properly...

Delegation – a question of safety.

PubMed

Dean, Erin

2015-04-15

The NMC's revised Code strengthens considerably the regulator's standard on delegation. It underlines that registrants remain accountable for the tasks they delegate. They must ensure anyone to whom they delegate is competent, adequately supervised and properly supported.

Effect of phase and orbital wave parameter choices on CS and IOS degeneracy averaged differential cross sections

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Khare, V.; Fitz, D.E.; Kouri, D.J.

1980-09-15

The effect of phase choice and partial wave parameter choice on CS and IOS inelastic degeneracy averaged differential cross sections is studied. An approximate simplified CS scattering amplitude for l-bar=1/2(l'+l) is derived and is shown to have a form which closely resembles the McGuire--Kouri scattering amplitude for odd ..delta..j transitions and reduces to it for even ..delta..j transitions. The choice of phase in the CS wave function is shown to result in different approximations which yield significantly different shapes for the degeneracy averaged differential cross section. Time reversal symmetry arguments are employed to select the proper phase choice. IOS calculationsmore » of the degeneracy averaged differential cross sections of He--CO, He--Cl and Ne--HD using l-bar=1/2(l+l') and the phase choice which ensures proper time reversal symmetry are found to correct the phase disagreement which was previously noted for odd ..delta..j transitions using l-bar=l or l' and either the time reversal phase or other phase choices.« less

The Aurora kinase A inhibitor TC-A2317 disrupts mitotic progression and inhibits cancer cell proliferation

PubMed Central

Min, Yoo Hong; Kim, Wootae; Kim, Ja-Eun

2016-01-01

Mitotic progression is crucial for the maintenance of chromosomal stability. A proper progression is ensured by the activities of multiple kinases. One of these enzymes, the serine/threonine kinase Aurora A, is required for proper mitosis through the regulation of centrosome and spindle assembly. In this study, we functionally characterized a newly developed Aurora kinase A inhibitor, TC-A2317. In human lung cancer cells, TC-A2317 slowed proliferation by causing aberrant formation of centrosome and microtubule spindles and prolonging the duration of mitosis. Abnormal mitotic progression led to accumulation of cells containing micronuclei or multinuclei. Furthermore, TC-A2317–treated cells underwent apoptosis, autophagy or senescence depending on cell type. In addition, TC-A2317 inactivated the spindle assembly checkpoint triggered by paclitaxel, thereby exacerbating mitotic catastrophe. Consistent with this, the expression level of Aurora A in tumors was inversely correlated with survival in lung cancer patients. Collectively, these data suggest that inhibition of Aurora kinase A using TC-A2317 is a promising target for anti-cancer therapeutics. PMID:27713168

Medical device integration using mobile telecommunications infrastructure.

PubMed

Moorman, Bridget A; Cockle, Richard A

2013-01-01

Financial pressures, an aging population, and a rising number of patients with chronic diseases, have encouraged the use of remote monitoring technologies. This usually entails at least one physiological parameter measurement for a clinician. Mobile telecommunication technologies lend themselves to this functionality, and in some cases, avoid some of the issues encountered with device integration. Moreover, the inherent characteristics of the mobile telecommunications infrastructure allow a coupling of business and clinical functions that were not possible before. Table I compares and contrasts some key aspect of device integration in and out of a healthcare facility. An HTM professional may be part of the team that acquires and/or manages a system using a mobile telecommunications technology. It is important for HTM professionals to ensure the data is in a standard format so that the interfaces across this system don't become brittle and break easily if one part changes. Moreover, the security and safety considerations of the system and the data should be a primary consideration in and y purchase, with attention given to the proper environmental and encryption mechanisms. Clinical engineers and other HTM professionals are unique in that they understand the patient/clinician/device interface and the need to ensure its safety and effectiveness regardless of geographical environment.

Mechanisms of polarized membrane trafficking in neurons – focusing in on endosomes

PubMed Central

Lasiecka, Zofia M.; Winckler, Bettina

2011-01-01

Neurons are polarized cells that have a complex and unique morphology: long processes (axons and dendrites) extending far from the cell body. In addition, the somatodendritic and axonal domains are further divided into specific subdomains, such as synapses (pre- and postsynaptic specializations), proximal and distal dendrites, axon initial segments, nodes of Ranvier, and axon growth cones. The striking asymmetry and complexity of neuronal cells is necessary for their function in receiving, processing and transferring electrical signals, with each domain playing a precise function in these processes. In order to establish and maintain distinct neuronal domains, mechanisms must exist for protein delivery to specific neuronal compartments, such that each compartment has the correct functional molecular composition. How polarized membrane domains are established and maintained is a long-standing question. Transmembrane proteins, such as receptors and adhesion molecules, can be transported to their proper membrane domains by several pathways. The biosynthetic secretory system delivers newly synthesized transmembrane proteins from the ER-Golgi via the trans-Golgi network (TGN) to the plasma membrane. In addition, the endosomal system is critically involved in many instances in ensuring proper (re)targeting of membrane components because it can internalize and degrade mislocalized proteins, or recycle proteins from one domain to another. The endosomal system is thus crucial for establishing and maintaining neuronal polarity. In this review, we focus mainly on the intracellular compartments that serve as sorting stations for polarized transport, with particular emphasis on the emerging roles of endosomes. PMID:21762782

Polycystin-1 Binds Par3/aPKC and Controls Convergent Extension During Renal Tubular Morphogenesis

PubMed Central

Castelli, Maddalena; Boca, Manila; Chiaravalli, Marco; Ramalingam, Harini; Rowe, Isaline; Distefano, Gianfranco; Carroll, Thomas; Boletta, Alessandra

2013-01-01

Several organs, including lungs and kidneys, are formed by epithelial tubes whose proper morphogenesis ensures correct function. This is best exemplified by the kidney, where defective establishment or maintanance of tubular diameter results in polycystic kidney disease, a common genetic disorder. Most polycystic kidney disease cases result from loss-of-function mutations in the PKD1 gene, encoding Polycystin-1 (PC-1), a large receptor of unknown function. Here we demonstrate that PC-1 plays an essential role in establishment of correct tubular diameter during nephron development. PC-1 associates with Par3 favoring the assembly of a pro-polarizing Par3/aPKC complex and it regulates a program of cell polarity important for oriented cell migration and for a convergent extension-like process during tubular morphogenesis. Par3 inactivation in the developing kidney results in defective convergent extension and tubular morphogenesis and in renal cyst formation. Our data define PC-1 as central to cell polarization and to epithelial tube morphogenesis and homeostasis. PMID:24153433

Serotonin mediated immunoregulation and neural functions: Complicity in the aetiology of autism spectrum disorders.

PubMed

Jaiswal, Preeti; Mohanakumar, Kochupurackal P; Rajamma, Usha

2015-08-01

Serotonergic system has long been implicated in the aetiology of autism spectrum disorders (ASD), since platelet hyperserotonemia is consistently observed in a subset of autistic patients, who respond well to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Apart from being a neurotransmitter, serotonin functions as a neurotrophic factor directing brain development and as an immunoregulator modulating immune responses. Serotonin transporter (SERT) regulates serotonin level in lymphoid tissues to ensure its proper functioning in innate and adaptive responses. Immunological molecules such as cytokines in turn regulate the transcription and activity of SERT. Dysregulation of serotonergic system could trigger signalling cascades that affect normal neural-immune interactions culminating in neurodevelopmental and neural connectivity defects precipitating behavioural abnormalities, or the disease phenotypes. Therefore, we suggest that a better understanding of the cross talk between serotonergic genes, immune systems and serotonergic neurotransmission will open wider avenues to develop pharmacological leads for addressing the core ASD behavioural deficits. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Modeling our understanding of the His-Purkinje system.

PubMed

Vigmond, Edward J; Stuyvers, Bruno D

2016-01-01

The His-Purkinje System (HPS) is responsible for the rapid electric conduction in the ventricles. It relays electrical impulses from the atrioventricular node to the muscle cells and, thus, coordinates the contraction of ventricles in order to ensure proper cardiac pump function. The HPS has been implicated in the genesis of ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation as a source of ectopic beats, as well as forming distinct portions of reentry circuitry. Despite its importance, it remains much less well characterized, structurally and functionally, than the myocardium. Notably, important differences exist with regard to cell structure and electrophysiology, including ion channels, intracellular calcium handling, and gap junctions. Very few computational models address the HPS, and the majority of organ level modeling studies omit it. This review will provide an overview of our current knowledge of structure and function (including electrophysiology) of the HPS. We will review the most recent advances in modeling of the system from the single cell to the organ level, with considerations for relevant interspecies distinctions. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Polycystin-1 binds Par3/aPKC and controls convergent extension during renal tubular morphogenesis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Castelli, Maddalena; Boca, Manila; Chiaravalli, Marco; Ramalingam, Harini; Rowe, Isaline; Distefano, Gianfranco; Carroll, Thomas; Boletta, Alessandra

2013-10-01

Several organs, including the lungs and kidneys, are formed by epithelial tubes whose proper morphogenesis ensures correct function. This is best exemplified by the kidney, where defective establishment or maintenance of tubular diameter results in polycystic kidney disease, a common genetic disorder. Most polycystic kidney disease cases result from loss-of-function mutations in the PKD1 gene, encoding Polycystin-1, a large receptor of unknown function. Here we demonstrate that PC-1 has an essential role in the establishment of correct tubular diameter during nephron development. Polycystin-1 associates with Par3 favouring the assembly of a pro-polarizing Par3/aPKC complex and it regulates a programme of cell polarity important for oriented cell migration and for a convergent extension-like process during tubular morphogenesis. Par3 inactivation in the developing kidney results in defective convergent extension and tubular morphogenesis, and in renal cyst formation. Our data define Polycystin-1 as central to cell polarization and to epithelial tube morphogenesis and homeostasis.

Functional Anatomy of the Human Microprocessor.

PubMed

Nguyen, Tuan Anh; Jo, Myung Hyun; Choi, Yeon-Gil; Park, Joha; Kwon, S Chul; Hohng, Sungchul; Kim, V Narry; Woo, Jae-Sung

2015-06-04

MicroRNA (miRNA) maturation is initiated by Microprocessor composed of RNase III DROSHA and its cofactor DGCR8, whose fidelity is critical for generation of functional miRNAs. To understand how Microprocessor recognizes pri-miRNAs, we here reconstitute human Microprocessor with purified recombinant proteins. We find that Microprocessor is an ∼364 kDa heterotrimeric complex of one DROSHA and two DGCR8 molecules. Together with a 23-amino acid peptide from DGCR8, DROSHA constitutes a minimal functional core. DROSHA serves as a "ruler" by measuring 11 bp from the basal ssRNA-dsRNA junction. DGCR8 interacts with the stem and apical elements through its dsRNA-binding domains and RNA-binding heme domain, respectively, allowing efficient and accurate processing. DROSHA and DGCR8, respectively, recognize the basal UG and apical UGU motifs, which ensure proper orientation of the complex. These findings clarify controversies over the action mechanism of DROSHA and allow us to build a general model for pri-miRNA processing. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Cross Talk of Proteostasis and Mitostasis in Cellular Homeodynamics, Ageing, and Disease

PubMed Central

Gumeni, Sentiljana; Trougakos, Ioannis P.

2016-01-01

Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that provide essential metabolic functions and represent the major bioenergetic hub of eukaryotic cell. Therefore, maintenance of mitochondria activity is necessary for the proper cellular function and survival. To this end, several mechanisms that act at different levels and time points have been developed to ensure mitochondria quality control. An interconnected highly integrated system of mitochondrial and cytosolic chaperones and proteases along with the fission/fusion machinery represents the surveillance scaffold of mitostasis. Moreover, nonreversible mitochondrial damage targets the organelle to a specific autophagic removal, namely, mitophagy. Beyond the organelle dynamics, the constant interaction with the ubiquitin-proteasome-system (UPS) has become an emerging aspect of healthy mitochondria. Dysfunction of mitochondria and UPS increases with age and correlates with many age-related diseases including cancer and neurodegeneration. In this review, we discuss the functional cross talk of proteostasis and mitostasis in cellular homeodynamics and the impairment of mitochondrial quality control during ageing, cancer, and neurodegeneration. PMID:26977249

Surgical-orthodontic treatment of patients suffering from severe periodontal disorders - a clinical case study.

PubMed

Halimi, Abdelali; Zaoui, Fatima

2013-09-01

Orthodontic or, more precisely, surgico-orthodontic treatment of patients suffering from periodontal disorders generally requires a multidisciplinary approach by a qualified dental team. Periodontal bone healing is an essential factor for successful orthodontic treatment in a compromised periodontal situation. We report on the case of an adult patient suffering from severe chronic periodontitis; he was a hyperdivergent skeletal Class III with dento-alveolar compensation, esthetic problems and a significant lack of dental material. A multidisciplinary approach was adopted. First of all, periodontal treatment was undertaken (root scaling and planing) accompanied by appropriate medical treatment and a bone graft to strengthen the area of the lower incisors. After that, surgical and orthodontic treatment to correct the malocclusion was begun. The difficulty lay in the significant absence of dental material to ensure proper intercuspation. A surgical repositioning splint was constructed on an articulator to ensure adequate mandibular retraction after maxillary advancement surgery. After treatment, the missing teeth were replaced by a prosthesis. Following treatment, the periodontal bone resorption was stabilized; the bone deficit was improved and the malocclusion had been corrected; the missing teeth were replaced by appropriate dentures. Short- and medium-term follow-up confirmed the stability of the results obtained, which will be discussed. The right combination of properly managed orthodontic, periodontal and prosthetic treatment can contribute to effective elimination of chronic periodontitis, even at an advanced stage in an adult patient, while at the same time improving esthetic and functional parameters. Copyright © 2013. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.

[Medical data security in medico-legal opinioning].

PubMed

Susło, Robert; Swiatek, Barbara

2005-01-01

Medical data security can be approached in medico-legal opinioning in three main situations: security of medical data, on which the opinion should be based, opinioning itself and whether the medical data security was properly ensured and ensuring medical data security during medico-legal opinion giving. The importance of medical data security, during collecting, processing and storing, as well in medical as in legal institutions, is of major importance for the possibility of providing a proper medico-legal opinion. Theoretically speeking, it is possible to give a proper medico-legal opinion using incorrect data, but the possibility is low. When the expert is given improper, unreadable, incomplete or even bogus in part or in the whole medical data it is extremely possible, that he fails in giving his opinion. The term "medical data" was defined and subsequently there was a brief review of medical data storing methods made and specific threats bound with them, based on modern literature. The authors also pointed out possible methods of preventing the threats. They listed Polish as well as international regulations and laws concerning the problem, accenting the importance of preserving medical data for the purposes of medico-legal opinioning.

Inexpensive Bolt-Load Gage

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Long, M. J.

1983-01-01

"Built-in" gage determines whether large bolt or stud has been torqued to desired load and provides for continuous inspection to ensure proper load is being maintained. Gage detects longitudinal stress/strain bolt; requires no electronic or sonic test equipment.

Broken Toe

MedlinePlus

... fracture is severe — particularly if it involves your big toe — you may need a cast or even surgery to ensure proper healing. Most broken toes heal well, usually within four to six weeks. Sometimes, a broken toe may become infected ...

Aviation infrastructure : challenges associated with building and maintaining runways

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2000-10-05

This testimony focuses on challenges associated with building new runways and with ensuring that existing runways are properly maintained. Recent flight delays and cancellations as well as significant media attention to them have heightened public co...

In numbers we trust?

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

Scientists go to great lengths to ensure that data are collected and analysed properly, so why, asks Eve Marder, do they apply different standards to data about the number of times research papers have been cited and viewed? PMID:24692454

Semiannual Report: Oct 1, 2010 - Mar 31, 2011

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Semiannual Report #EPA-350-R-11-005, May, 2011. The dedicated staff of the OIG will continue to do its best to ensure that Agency programs achieve their intended results and that its funds are properly expended.

76 FR 44901 - Californians for Renewable Energy, Inc., Michael E. Boyd, Robert M. Sarvey v. California Public...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-27

... Regulatory Policies Act of 1978 (PURPA), requesting the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (Commission) to... to ensure that PURPA regulations are properly and lawfully implemented. Any person desiring to...

Reducing the risk of burns during electroconvulsive therapy.

PubMed

2011-10-01

Poor contact between electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) electrodes and the skin can result in patient burns during ECT treatment. Proper site preparation and electrode application are essential to ensure adequate contact and to reduce the risk of burns.

Business Ethics and Your Organisation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Drummond, John

1990-01-01

Good ethics are good business. Top management should be committed to a code of ethics based on a true participative process. The organization should be willing to commit resources for training to ensure proper implementation of the code. (SK)

Verification and Implementation of Operations Safety Controls for Flight Missions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Smalls, James R.; Jones, Cheryl L.; Carrier, Alicia S.

2010-01-01

There are several engineering disciplines, such as reliability, supportability, quality assurance, human factors, risk management, safety, etc. Safety is an extremely important engineering specialty within NASA, and the consequence involving a loss of crew is considered a catastrophic event. Safety is not difficult to achieve when properly integrated at the beginning of each space systems project/start of mission planning. The key is to ensure proper handling of safety verification throughout each flight/mission phase. Today, Safety and Mission Assurance (S&MA) operations engineers continue to conduct these flight product reviews across all open flight products. As such, these reviews help ensure that each mission is accomplished with safety requirements along with controls heavily embedded in applicable flight products. Most importantly, the S&MA operations engineers are required to look for important design and operations controls so that safety is strictly adhered to as well as reflected in the final flight product.

Ensuring water availability in Mekelle City, Northern Ethiopia: evaluation of the water supply sub-project

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Oyedotun, Temitope D. Timothy

2017-11-01

The need and demand for water in the world are becoming acute with the growing population. This is mostly pressing in developing countries of which Mekelle City in Northern Ethiopia is not an exception. World Bank borehole-support sub-project was aimed at addressing this challenge. The evaluation of the intervention indicates that there is a significant increase in water supply in the city because of the sub-project. However, the increase in water supply has not been able to meet up with the already established and increasing demand. Coupled with this challenge are: the limited capacity of human capital and expertise that will ensure the proper management of borehole interventions; insufficient cost recovery for proper operation and maintenance of the projects; loss of land and farmlands and lack of compensations because of the projects which affect the livelihood.

Measurer’s Handbook: U.S. Army Anthropometric Survey, 1987-1988

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-05-04

clothing, equipment, and systems properly accommodate Army personnel who run the body-size gamut from small women to large men . 20. DISTRIBUTION I...will form the basis for ensuring that Army clothing, equipment, and s ystems properly accommodate Army personnel who run the body-size gamut from s...interes ting men and women whose jobs in the Army run the gamut from armorers to pedi atricians. Many will be interested in you and your job. Most of the

EED and KDM6B Coordinate the First Mammalian Cell Lineage Commitment To Ensure Embryo Implantation

PubMed Central

Saha, Biswarup; Home, Pratik; Ray, Soma; Larson, Melissa; Paul, Arindam; Rajendran, Ganeshkumar; Behr, Barry

2013-01-01

The first mammalian cell lineage commitment is the formation of the trophectoderm (TE) and the inner cell mass (ICM) lineages during preimplantation development. Proper development of the TE and ICM lineages is dependent upon establishment of specific transcriptional programs. However, the epigenetic mechanisms that functionally contribute to establish TE- and ICM-specific transcriptional programs are poorly understood. Here, we show that proper development of the TE and ICM lineages is coordinated via combinatorial regulation of embryonic ectoderm development (EED) and lysine-specific demethylase 6B (KDM6B). During blastocyst formation, the relative levels of EED and KDM6B expression determine altered polycomb repressor 2 (PRC2) complex recruitment and incorporation of the repressive histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27Me3) mark at the chromatin domains of TE-specific master regulators CDX2 and GATA3, leading to their activation in the TE lineage and repression in the ICM lineage. Furthermore, ectopic gain of EED along with depletion of KDM6B in preimplantation mouse embryos abrogates CDX2 and GATA3 expression in the nascent TE lineage. The loss of CDX2 and GATA3 in the nascent TE lineage results in improper TE development, leading to failure in embryo implantation to the uterus. Our study delineates a novel epigenetic mechanism that orchestrates proper development of the first mammalian cell lineages. PMID:23671187

Tax-exempt bonds and sponsored research.

PubMed

Ballard, Frederic L

2003-01-01

"Sponsored research," wherein a business corporation or the government pays a portion of the cost of research activities carried out by a university or hospital, is increasingly important both for state institutions and for Section 510(c)(3) organizations. Sponsored research arrangements that are not properly structured can jeopardize the status of tax-exempt bonds issued to finance the facility at which the sponsored research occurs. While these rules have been difficult to apply in practice, properly structured agreements can provide funding for research without undue risk. This Article discusses the multiple pieces of guidance put forth by the Internal Revenue Service to clarify the many issues and tiers of analysis necessary to ensure a properly-structured sponsored research agreement.

Extracellular matrix and growth factor engineering for controlled angiogenesis in regenerative medicine

DOE PAGES

Martino, Mikael M.; Brkic, Sime; Bovo, Emmanuela; ...

2015-04-01

In this study, blood vessel growth plays a key role in regenerative medicine, both to restore blood supply to ischemic tissues and to ensure rapid vascularization of clinical-size tissue-engineered grafts. For example, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the master regulator of physiological blood vessel growth and is one of the main molecular targets of therapeutic angiogenesis approaches. However, angiogenesis is a complex process and there is a need to develop rational therapeutic strategies based on a firm understanding of basic vascular biology principles, as evidenced by the disappointing results of initial clinical trials of angiogenic factor delivery. In particular,more » the spatial localization of angiogenic signals in the extracellular matrix (ECM) is crucial to ensure the proper assembly and maturation of new vascular structures. Here, we discuss the therapeutic implications of matrix interactions of angiogenic factors, with a special emphasis on VEGF, as well as provide an overview of current approaches, based on protein and biomaterial engineering that mimic the regulatory functions of ECM to optimize the signaling microenvironment of vascular growth factors.« less

Extracellular Matrix-Inspired Growth Factor Delivery Systems for Skin Wound Healing

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Briquez, Priscilla S.; Hubbell, Jeffrey A.; Martino, Mikaël M.

2015-08-01

Blood vessel growth plays a key role in regenerative medicine, both to restore blood supply to ischemic tissues and to ensure rapid vascularization of clinical-size tissue-engineered grafts. For example, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the master regulator of physiological blood vessel growth and is one of the main molecular targets of therapeutic angiogenesis approaches. However, angiogenesis is a complex process and there is a need to develop rational therapeutic strategies based on a firm understanding of basic vascular biology principles, as evidenced by the disappointing results of initial clinical trials of angiogenic factor delivery. In particular, the spatial localizationmore » of angiogenic signals in the extracellular matrix (ECM) is crucial to ensure the proper assembly and maturation of new vascular structures. Here, we discuss the therapeutic implications of matrix interactions of angiogenic factors, with a special emphasis on VEGF, as well as provide an overview of current approaches, based on protein and biomaterial engineering that mimic the regulatory functions of ECM to optimize the signaling microenvironment of vascular growth factors.« less

Nucleon Viewed as a Borromean Bound-State

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Segovia, Jorge; Mezrag, Cédric; Chang, Lei; Roberts, Craig D.

2018-05-01

We explain how the emergent phenomenon of dynamical chiral symmetry breaking ensures that Poincaré covariant analyses of the three valence-quark scattering problem in continuum quantum field theory yield a picture of the nucleon as a Borromean bound-state, in which binding arises primarily through the sum of two separate contributions. One involves aspects of the non-Abelian character of Quantum Chromodynamics that are expressed in the strong running coupling and generate tight, dynamical color-antitriplet quark-quark correlations in the scalar-isoscalar and pseudovector-isotriplet channels. This attraction is magnified by quark exchange associated with diquark breakup and reformation, which is required in order to ensure that each valence-quark participates in all diquark correlations to the complete extent allowed by its quantum numbers. Combining these effects, we arrive at a properly antisymmetrised Faddeev wave function for the nucleon and calculate, e.g. the flavor-separated versions of the Dirac and Pauli form factors and the proton's leading-twist parton distribution amplitude. We conclude that available data and planned experiments are capable of validating the proposed picture.

Extracellular matrix and growth factor engineering for controlled angiogenesis in regenerative medicine

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Martino, Mikael M.; Brkic, Sime; Bovo, Emmanuela

In this study, blood vessel growth plays a key role in regenerative medicine, both to restore blood supply to ischemic tissues and to ensure rapid vascularization of clinical-size tissue-engineered grafts. For example, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the master regulator of physiological blood vessel growth and is one of the main molecular targets of therapeutic angiogenesis approaches. However, angiogenesis is a complex process and there is a need to develop rational therapeutic strategies based on a firm understanding of basic vascular biology principles, as evidenced by the disappointing results of initial clinical trials of angiogenic factor delivery. In particular,more » the spatial localization of angiogenic signals in the extracellular matrix (ECM) is crucial to ensure the proper assembly and maturation of new vascular structures. Here, we discuss the therapeutic implications of matrix interactions of angiogenic factors, with a special emphasis on VEGF, as well as provide an overview of current approaches, based on protein and biomaterial engineering that mimic the regulatory functions of ECM to optimize the signaling microenvironment of vascular growth factors.« less

Extracellular matrix and growth factor engineering for controlled angiogenesis in regenerative medicine.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Martino, Mikael M.; Brkic, Sime; Bovo, Emmanuela

Blood vessel growth plays a key role in regenerative medicine, both to restore blood supply to ischemic tissues and to ensure rapid vascularization of clinical-size tissue-engineered grafts. For example, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the master regulator of physiological blood vessel growth and is one of the main molecular targets of therapeutic angiogenesis approaches. However, angiogenesis is a complex process and there is a need to develop rational therapeutic strategies based on a firm understanding of basic vascular biology principles, as evidenced by the disappointing results of initial clinical trials of angiogenic factor delivery. In particular, the spatial localizationmore » of angiogenic signals in the extracellular matrix (ECM) is crucial to ensure the proper assembly and maturation of new vascular structures. Here, we discuss the therapeutic implications of matrix interactions of angiogenic factors, with a special emphasis on VEGF, as well as provide an overview of current approaches, based on protein and biomaterial engineering that mimic the regulatory functions of ECM to optimize the signaling microenvironment of vascular growth factors.« less

Achieving the Proper Balance Between Crew and Public Safety

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gowan, John; Rosati, Paul; Silvestri, Ray; Stahl, Ben; Wilde, Paul

2011-01-01

A paramount objective of all human-rated launch and reentry vehicle developers is to ensure that the risks to both the crew onboard and the public are minimized within reasonable cost, schedule, and technical constraints. Past experience has shown that proper attention to range safety requirements necessary to ensure public safety must be given early in the design phase to avoid additional operational complexities or threats to the safety of people onboard. This paper will outline the policy considerations, technical issues, and operational impacts regarding launch and reentry vehicle failure scenarios where crew and public safety are intertwined and thus addressed optimally in an integrated manner. Historical examples and lessons learned from both the Space Shuttle and Constellation Programs will be presented. Using these examples as context, the paper will discuss some operational, design, and analysis approaches to mitigate and balance the risks to people onboard and in the public. Manned vehicle perspectives from the FAA and Air Force organizations that oversee public safety will also be summarized. Finally, the paper will emphasize the need to factor policy, operational, and analysis considerations into the early design trades of new vehicles to help ensure that both crew and public safety are maximized to the greatest extent possible.

Teaching Professionalism: Passing the Torch.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hensel, William A.; Dickey, Nancy W.

1998-01-01

Medical faculty must ensure that students understand the appropriate balance between financial and professional considerations. Faculty should place financial considerations in proper perspective and should teach the basic components of professionalism, how current cost-containment efforts may threaten medicine's professional status, appropriate…

Indexing device ensures proper mating of electrical connectors

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jenkins, L. M.; Simmons, W. H.

1965-01-01

Indexing splines with modified standard male and female connectors eliminates the possibility of incorrect mating. Large stock quantities of differently indexed connectors are unnecessary since connectors from a single stock can be indexed as desired at installation time.

The Benefits of EPA’s Responsible Appliance Disposal (RAD) Program

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

As a result of their commitments, RAD partners have successfully reduced emissions of ODS and GHGs as well as reduced energy consumption, increased the recycling of durable materials, and ensured the proper handling of hazardous substances.

78 FR 68052 - Gregory Swecker, Beverly Swecker; Notice of Petition for Enforcement

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-13

... section 210(h) of the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978 (PURPA), 16 U.S.C. 824 and Rules 385... enforcement action against Midland Power Cooperative to ensure that PURPA regulations are properly and...

In-flight control and communication architecture of the GLORIA imaging limb sounder on atmospheric research aircraft

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kretschmer, E.; Bachner, M.; Blank, J.; Dapp, R.; Ebersoldt, A.; Friedl-Vallon, F.; Guggenmoser, T.; Gulde, T.; Hartmann, V.; Lutz, R.; Maucher, G.; Neubert, T.; Oelhaf, H.; Preusse, P.; Schardt, G.; Schmitt, C.; Schönfeld, A.; Tan, V.

2015-06-01

The Gimballed Limb Observer for Radiance Imaging of the Atmosphere (GLORIA), a Fourier-transform-spectrometer-based limb spectral imager, operates on high-altitude research aircraft to study the transit region between the troposphere and the stratosphere. It is one of the most sophisticated systems to be flown on research aircraft in Europe, requiring constant monitoring and human intervention in addition to an automation system. To ensure proper functionality and interoperability on multiple platforms, a flexible control and communication system was laid out. The architectures of the communication system as well as the protocols used are reviewed. The integration of this architecture in the automation process as well as the scientific campaign flight application context are discussed.

In-flight control and communication architecture of the GLORIA imaging limb-sounder on atmospheric research aircraft

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kretschmer, E.; Bachner, M.; Blank, J.; Dapp, R.; Ebersoldt, A.; Friedl-Vallon, F.; Guggenmoser, T.; Gulde, T.; Hartmann, V.; Lutz, R.; Maucher, G.; Neubert, T.; Oelhaf, H.; Preusse, P.; Schardt, G.; Schmitt, C.; Schönfeld, A.; Tan, V.

2015-02-01

The Gimballed Limb Observer for Radiance Imaging of the Atmosphere (GLORIA), a Fourier transform spectrometer based limb spectral imager, operates on high-altitude research aircraft to study the transit region between the troposphere and the stratosphere. It is one of the most sophisticated systems to be flown on research aircraft in Europe, requiring constant monitoring and human intervention in addition to an automation system. To ensure proper functionality and interoperability on multiple platforms, a flexible control and communication system was laid out. The architectures of the communication system as well as the protocols used are reviewed. The integration of this architecture in the automation process as well as the scientific campaign flight application context are discussed.

Ultrasound-Guided Cryoanalgesia of Peripheral Nerve Lesions.

PubMed

Djebbar, Sahlya; Rossi, Ignacio M; Adler, Ronald S

2016-11-01

The real-time nature of ultrasound makes it ideally suited to provide guidance for a variety of musculoskeletal interventional procedures involving peripheral nerves. Continuous observation of the needle ensures proper placement and allows continuous monitoring when performing localized ablative therapy and therefore more accurate positioning of a cryoprobe, use of smaller needles, as well as access to small structures. We describe our experience performing cryoablative procedures. Patients undergoing cryoneurolysis have largely reported varying degrees of long-term pain relief and improvement in function; no serious complications have yet been identified. Ultrasound-guided cryoneurolysis can provide a useful, safe alternative to other ablative techniques to achieve long-term analgesia from painful peripheral nerve lesions. Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Fault-Tolerant Local-Area Network

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Morales, Sergio; Friedman, Gary L.

1988-01-01

Local-area network (LAN) for computers prevents single-point failure from interrupting communication between nodes of network. Includes two complete cables, LAN 1 and LAN 2. Microprocessor-based slave switches link cables to network-node devices as work stations, print servers, and file servers. Slave switches respond to commands from master switch, connecting nodes to two cable networks or disconnecting them so they are completely isolated. System monitor and control computer (SMC) acts as gateway, allowing nodes on either cable to communicate with each other and ensuring that LAN 1 and LAN 2 are fully used when functioning properly. Network monitors and controls itself, automatically routes traffic for efficient use of resources, and isolates and corrects its own faults, with potential dramatic reduction in time out of service.

Methods to identify and analyze gene products involved in neuronal intracellular transport using Drosophila

PubMed Central

Neisch, Amanda L.; Avery, Adam W.; Machame, James B.; Li, Min-gang; Hays, Thomas S.

2017-01-01

Proper neuronal function critically depends on efficient intracellular transport and disruption of transport leads to neurodegeneration. Molecular pathways that support or regulate neuronal transport are not fully understood. A greater understanding of these pathways will help reveal the pathological mechanisms underlying disease. Drosophila melanogaster is the premier model system for performing large-scale genetic functional screens. Here we describe methods to carry out primary and secondary genetic screens in Drosophila aimed at identifying novel gene products and pathways that impact neuronal intracellular transport. These screens are performed using whole animal or live cell imaging of intact neural tissue to ensure integrity of neurons and their cellular environment. The primary screen is used to identify gross defects in neuronal function indicative of a disruption in microtubule-based transport. The secondary screens, conducted in both motoneurons and dendritic arborization neurons, will confirm the function of candidate gene products in intracellular transport. Together, the methodologies described here will support labs interested in identifying and characterizing gene products that alter intracellular transport in Drosophila. PMID:26794520

Rigorous analysis of thick microstrip antennas and wire antennas embedded in a substrate

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Smolders, A. B.

1992-07-01

An efficient and rigorous method for the analysis of electrically thick rectangular microstrip antennas and wire antennas with a dielectric cover is presented. The method of moments is used in combination with the exact spectral domain Green's function in order to find the unknown currents on the antenna. The microstrip antenna is fed by a coaxial cable. A proper model of the feeding coaxial structure is used. In addition, a special attachment mode was applied to ensure continuity of current at the patch-coax transition. The efficiency of the method of moments is improved by using the so called source term extraction technique, where a great part of the infinite integrals involved with the method of moment formulation is calculated analytically. Computation time can be saved by selecting a set of basis functions that describes the current distribution on the patch and probe in an accurate way using only a few terms of this set. Thick microstrip antennas have broadband characteristics. However, a proper match to 50 Ohms is often difficult. This matching problem can be avoided by using a slightly different excitation structure. The patch is now electromagnetically coupled to the feeding probe. A bandwidth of more than 40 can easily be obtained for this type of microstrip antenna. The price to be paid is a degradation of the radiation characteristics.

78 FR 72840 - Drug Products That Present Demonstrable Difficulties for Compounding Under Sections 503A and 503B...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-04

... equipment that could affect drug safety or effectiveness? 6. Training Is specialized, highly technical training essential to ensure proper compounding of the drug product? 7. Testing and Quality Assurance Is...

47 CFR 74.634 - Remote control operation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) BROADCAST RADIO SERVICES EXPERIMENTAL RADIO... control system must be designed, installed, and protected so that the transmitter can only be activated or... ensure proper operation. (3) The remote control system must be designed to prevent inadvertent...

47 CFR 74.634 - Remote control operation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) BROADCAST RADIO SERVICES EXPERIMENTAL RADIO... control system must be designed, installed, and protected so that the transmitter can only be activated or... ensure proper operation. (3) The remote control system must be designed to prevent inadvertent...

47 CFR 74.634 - Remote control operation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) BROADCAST RADIO SERVICES EXPERIMENTAL RADIO... control system must be designed, installed, and protected so that the transmitter can only be activated or... ensure proper operation. (3) The remote control system must be designed to prevent inadvertent...

47 CFR 74.634 - Remote control operation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) BROADCAST RADIO SERVICES EXPERIMENTAL RADIO... control system must be designed, installed, and protected so that the transmitter can only be activated or... ensure proper operation. (3) The remote control system must be designed to prevent inadvertent...

47 CFR 74.634 - Remote control operation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) BROADCAST RADIO SERVICES EXPERIMENTAL RADIO... control system must be designed, installed, and protected so that the transmitter can only be activated or... ensure proper operation. (3) The remote control system must be designed to prevent inadvertent...

45 CFR 153.350 - Risk adjustment data validation standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... implementation of any risk adjustment software and ensure proper validation of a statistically valid sample of... respect to implementation of risk adjustment software or as a result of data validation conducted pursuant... implementation of risk adjustment software or data validation. ...

32 CFR 242.7 - Responsibilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... their designees to ensure the proper administration of the admissions process. (4) Monitor, review, and... coordination with the Military Departments, for scheduling and reviewing physical examinations for civilian selectees, and reviewing examinations for military selectees. (2) Review and take final action on any...

Semiannual Report: Apr 1, 2010 - Sept 30, 2010

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Semiannual Report #EPA-350-R-10-005, Nov, 2010. The OIG will do its best to help the Agency address the nation’s critical environmental challenges by ensuring that Agency funds are properly expended to safeguard human health and the environment.

Social Institutions and Nuclear Energy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Weinberg, Alvin M.

1972-01-01

Nuclear technologists can offer an all but infinite source of relatively cheap and clean energy" but society must decide whether the price of eternal vigilance needed to ensure proper and safe operation of its nuclear energy system" is worth the benefits. (Author/AL)

Classification of urine sediment based on convolution neural network

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pan, Jingjing; Jiang, Cunbo; Zhu, Tiantian

2018-04-01

By designing a new convolution neural network framework, this paper breaks the constraints of the original convolution neural network framework requiring large training samples and samples of the same size. Move and cropping the input images, generate the same size of the sub-graph. And then, the generated sub-graph uses the method of dropout, increasing the diversity of samples and preventing the fitting generation. Randomly select some proper subset in the sub-graphic set and ensure that the number of elements in the proper subset is same and the proper subset is not the same. The proper subsets are used as input layers for the convolution neural network. Through the convolution layer, the pooling, the full connection layer and output layer, we can obtained the classification loss rate of test set and training set. In the red blood cells, white blood cells, calcium oxalate crystallization classification experiment, the classification accuracy rate of 97% or more.

'Trust but verify'--five approaches to ensure safe medical apps.

PubMed

Wicks, Paul; Chiauzzi, Emil

2015-09-25

Mobile health apps are health and wellness programs available on mobile devices such as smartphones or tablets. In three systematic assessments published in BMC Medicine, Huckvale and colleagues demonstrate that widely available health apps meant to help patients calculate their appropriate insulin dosage, educate themselves about asthma, or perform other important functions are methodologically weak. Insulin dose calculators lacked user input validation and made inappropriate dose recommendations, with a lack of documentation throughout. Since 2011, asthma apps have become more interactive, but have not improved in quality; peak flow calculators have the same issues as the insulin calculators. A review of the accredited National Health Service Health Apps Library found poor and inconsistent implementation of privacy and security, with 28% of apps lacking a privacy policy and one even transmitting personally identifying data the policy claimed would be anonymous. Ensuring patient safety might require a new approach, whether that be a consumer education program at one extreme or government regulation at the other. App store owners could ensure transparency of algorithms (whiteboxing), data sharing, and data quality. While a proper balance must be struck between innovation and caution, patient safety must be paramount.Please see related articles: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12916-015-0444-y , http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7015/13/106 and http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7015/13/58.

Operating a wide-area remote observing system for the W. M. Keck Observatory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wirth, Gregory D.; Kibrick, Robert I.; Goodrich, Robert W.; Lyke, James E.

2008-07-01

For over a decade, the W. M. Keck Observatory's two 10-meter telescopes have been operated remotely from its Waimea headquarters. Over the last 6 years, WMKO remote observing has expanded to allow teams at dedicated sites in California to observe either in collaboration with colleagues in Waimea or entirely from the U.S. mainland. Once an experimental effort, the Observatory's mainland observing capability is now fully operational, supported on all science instruments (except the interferometer) and regularly used by astronomers at eight mainland sites. Establishing a convenient and secure observing capability from those sites required careful planning to ensure that they are properly equipped and configured. It also entailed a significant investment in hardware and software, including both custom scripts to simplify launching the instrument interface at remote sites and automated routers employing ISDN backup lines to ensure continuation of observing during Internet outages. Observers often wait until shortly before their runs to request use of the mainland facilities. Scheduling these requests and ensuring proper system operation prior to observing requires close coordination between personnel at WMKO and the mainland sites. An established protocol for approving requests and carrying out pre-run checkout has proven useful in ensuring success. The Observatory anticipates enhancing and expanding its remote observing system. Future plans include deploying dedicated summit computers for running VNC server software, implementing a web-based tracking system for mainland-based observing requests, expanding the system to additional mainland sites, and converting to full-time VNC operation for all instruments.

10 CFR 850.24 - Exposure monitoring.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... activities properly. (b) Initial monitoring. The responsible employer must perform initial monitoring in... 10 Energy 4 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Exposure monitoring. 850.24 Section 850.24 Energy... Exposure monitoring. (a) General. The responsible employer must ensure that: (1) Exposure monitoring is...

10 CFR 850.24 - Exposure monitoring.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... activities properly. (b) Initial monitoring. The responsible employer must perform initial monitoring in... 10 Energy 4 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Exposure monitoring. 850.24 Section 850.24 Energy... Exposure monitoring. (a) General. The responsible employer must ensure that: (1) Exposure monitoring is...

10 CFR 850.24 - Exposure monitoring.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... activities properly. (b) Initial monitoring. The responsible employer must perform initial monitoring in... 10 Energy 4 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Exposure monitoring. 850.24 Section 850.24 Energy... Exposure monitoring. (a) General. The responsible employer must ensure that: (1) Exposure monitoring is...

10 CFR 850.24 - Exposure monitoring.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... activities properly. (b) Initial monitoring. The responsible employer must perform initial monitoring in... 10 Energy 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Exposure monitoring. 850.24 Section 850.24 Energy... Exposure monitoring. (a) General. The responsible employer must ensure that: (1) Exposure monitoring is...

10 CFR 850.24 - Exposure monitoring.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... activities properly. (b) Initial monitoring. The responsible employer must perform initial monitoring in... 10 Energy 4 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Exposure monitoring. 850.24 Section 850.24 Energy... Exposure monitoring. (a) General. The responsible employer must ensure that: (1) Exposure monitoring is...

43 CFR 3420.2 - Regional leasing levels.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... have properly considered social, environmental and economic impacts and constraints. (a) The regional.... This review shall be designed to ensure consideration of relevant social, environmental and economic... recommendations are in an appropriate format; (ii) add any additional information from the Bureau of Land...

43 CFR 3420.2 - Regional leasing levels.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... have properly considered social, environmental and economic impacts and constraints. (a) The regional.... This review shall be designed to ensure consideration of relevant social, environmental and economic... recommendations are in an appropriate format; (ii) add any additional information from the Bureau of Land...

43 CFR 3420.2 - Regional leasing levels.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... have properly considered social, environmental and economic impacts and constraints. (a) The regional.... This review shall be designed to ensure consideration of relevant social, environmental and economic... recommendations are in an appropriate format; (ii) add any additional information from the Bureau of Land...

75 FR 63208 - Notice of Information Collection

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-14

... INFORMATION: I. Abstract Recordkeeping and reporting are required to ensure proper accounting of Federal funds and property provided under grants and cooperative agreements with state and local governments. II... almost all information required under grants or cooperative agreements with state and local governments...

75 FR 77005 - Notice of Information Collection

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-10

... INFORMATION: I. Abstract Recordkeeping and reporting are required to ensure proper accounting of Federal funds and property provided under grants and cooperative agreements with state and local governments. II... almost all information required under grants or cooperative agreements with state and local governments...

Policy, Procedures and Guidance for System Life Cycle Management (SLCM)

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The purpose of this policy is to establish a consistent framework across the Agency to ensure that EPA IT systems and applications are properly planned and managed, controllable, cost-effective and that they support the Agency’s mission and business goals.

Committee Report: Metrics & Methods for MF/UF System Optimization

EPA Science Inventory

After a membrane filtration (i.e., microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF)) system is designed, installed, and commissioned, it is essential that the plant is well-maintained in order to proactively identify potential design or equipment problems and ensure its proper opera...

34 CFR 428.21 - What selection criteria does the Secretary use?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... individuals enrolled in vocational education programs, and how those needs should influence teaching strategies and program design. (ii) Understanding of bilingual vocational training methodologies. (iii... points) The Secretary reviews each application for an effective plan of management that ensures proper...

34 CFR 428.21 - What selection criteria does the Secretary use?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... individuals enrolled in vocational education programs, and how those needs should influence teaching strategies and program design. (ii) Understanding of bilingual vocational training methodologies. (iii... points) The Secretary reviews each application for an effective plan of management that ensures proper...

49 CFR 236.526 - Roadway element not functioning properly.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Roadway element not functioning properly. 236.526... element not functioning properly. When a roadway element except track circuit of automatic train stop... roadway element shall be caused manually to display its most restrictive aspect until such element has...

49 CFR 236.526 - Roadway element not functioning properly.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Roadway element not functioning properly. 236.526... element not functioning properly. When a roadway element except track circuit of automatic train stop... roadway element shall be caused manually to display its most restrictive aspect until such element has...

49 CFR 236.526 - Roadway element not functioning properly.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Roadway element not functioning properly. 236.526... element not functioning properly. When a roadway element except track circuit of automatic train stop... roadway element shall be caused manually to display its most restrictive aspect until such element has...

Unlicensed pharmaceutical preparations for clinical patient care: Ensuring safety.

PubMed

de Wilde, Sofieke; de Jong, Maria G H; Le Brun, Paul P H; Guchelaar, Henk-Jan; Schimmel, Kirsten J M

2018-01-01

Most medicinal products dispensed to patients have marketing authorization (MA) to ensure high quality of the product, safety, and efficacy. However, in daily practice, to treat patients adequately, there is a medical need for drugs that do not hold MA. To meet this medical need, medicinal products are used in clinical care without MA (unlicensed), such as products prepared by (local) pharmacies: the pharmaceutical preparations. Three types of pharmaceutical preparations are distinguished: (i) reconstitution in excess of summary of product characteristics; (ii) adaptation of a licensed medicinal product (outside its official labeling); (iii) medicinal products from an active pharmaceutical ingredient. Although unlicensed, patients may expect the same quality for these unlicensed pharmaceutical preparations as for the licensed medicinal products. To assure this quality, a proper risk-benefit assessment and proper documentation in (centralized) patient registries and linking to a national pharmacovigilance database should be in place. Based on a risk assessment matrix, requirements for quality assurance can be determined, which has impact on the level of documentation of a pharmaceutical preparation. In this paper, the approach for good documentation including quality assurance and benefit-risk assessment will be discussed and possibilities for patient registries are described to make these crucial preparations available for regular patient care. KEY POINTS Ensuring pharmaceutical quality and performing a proper benefit-risk assessment will guarantee safe use of pharmaceutical preparations. Good documentation of (ultra-)orphan treatments can be collected in centralized patient registries and should be combined with existing information in (inter)national databases and self-reflection of patients. Linking patient registries to a centralized database for adverse drug events is highly recommended as it increases safety control of the (ultra) orphan pharmaceutical preparations. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Vascular Augmentation in Renal Transplantation: Supercharging and Turbocharging.

PubMed

Jeong, Euicheol C; Hwang, Seung Hwan; Eo, Su Rak

2017-05-01

The most common anatomic variant seen in donor kidneys for renal transplantation is the presence of multiple renal arteries, which can cause an increased risk of complications. Accessory renal arteries should be anastomosed to the proper source arteries to improve renal perfusion via the appropriate vascular reconstruction techniques. In microsurgery, 2 kinds of vascular augmentation methods, known as 'supercharging' and 'turbocharging,' have been introduced to ensure vascular perfusion in the transferred flap. Supercharging uses a distant source of the vessels, while turbocharging uses vascular sources within the same flap territory. These technical concepts can also be applied in renal transplantation, and in this report, we describe 2 patients who underwent procedures using supercharging and turbocharging. In one case, the ipsilateral deep inferior epigastric artery was transposed to the accessory renal artery (supercharging), and in the other case, the accessory renal artery was anastomosed to the corresponding main renal artery with a vascular graft (turbocharging). The transplanted kidneys showed good perfusion and proper function. No cases of renal failure, hypertension, rejection, or urologic complications were observed. These microsurgical techniques can be safely utilized for renal transplantation with donor kidneys that have multiple arteries with a lower complication rate and better outcome.

Fresh WNT into the regulation of mitosis.

PubMed

Stolz, Ailine; Bastians, Holger

2015-01-01

Canonical Wnt signaling triggering β-catenin-dependent gene expression contributes to cell cycle progression, in particular at the G1/S transition. Recently, however, it became clear that the cell cycle can also feed back on Wnt signaling at the G2/M transition. This is illustrated by the fact that mitosis-specific cyclin-dependent kinases can phosphorylate the Wnt co-receptor LRP6 to prime the pathway for incoming Wnt signals when cells enter mitosis. In addition, there is accumulating evidence that various Wnt pathway components might exert additional, Wnt-independent functions that are important for proper regulation of mitosis. The importance of Wnt pathways during mitosis was most recently enforced by the discovery of Wnt signaling contributing to the stabilization of proteins other than β-catenin, specifically at G2/M and during mitosis. This Wnt-mediated stabilization of proteins, now referred to as Wnt/STOP, might on one hand contribute to maintaining a critical cell size required for cell division and, on the other hand, for the faithful execution of mitosis itself. In fact, most recently we have shown that Wnt/STOP is required for ensuring proper microtubule dynamics within mitotic spindles, which is pivotal for accurate chromosome segregation and for the maintenance of euploidy.

14 CFR 1216.102 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... enhance the quality of the environment; (b) Provide for proper attention to and ensure that environmental... international cooperation in anticipating and preventing a decline in the quality of the world environment; (d... sciences and environmental design arts in planning and decisionmaking for actions which may have an impact...

Contracting for Asbestos Abatement: What You Need to Know.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bittle, Edgar H.; McAllister, Jane B.

1990-01-01

School districts are required to determine if asbestos-containing materials exist at school facilities and design and implement asbestos abatement. Reviews how to select a contractor, draft the contract, and ensure its proper implementation by complying with the law and avoiding liability. (MLF)

28 CFR 115.334 - Specialized training: Investigations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... § 115.331, the agency shall ensure that, to the extent the agency itself conducts sexual abuse... settings. (b) Specialized training shall include techniques for interviewing juvenile sexual abuse victims, proper use of Miranda and Garrity warnings, sexual abuse evidence collection in confinement settings, and...

28 CFR 115.334 - Specialized training: Investigations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... § 115.331, the agency shall ensure that, to the extent the agency itself conducts sexual abuse... settings. (b) Specialized training shall include techniques for interviewing juvenile sexual abuse victims, proper use of Miranda and Garrity warnings, sexual abuse evidence collection in confinement settings, and...

28 CFR 115.334 - Specialized training: Investigations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... § 115.331, the agency shall ensure that, to the extent the agency itself conducts sexual abuse... settings. (b) Specialized training shall include techniques for interviewing juvenile sexual abuse victims, proper use of Miranda and Garrity warnings, sexual abuse evidence collection in confinement settings, and...

36 CFR 1237.1 - What is the applicability and scope of this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... RECORDS ADMINISTRATION RECORDS MANAGEMENT AUDIOVISUAL, CARTOGRAPHIC, AND RELATED RECORDS MANAGEMENT § 1237.1 What is the applicability and scope of this part? Agencies must manage audiovisual, cartographic... procedures for managing audiovisual, cartographic, and related records to ensure adequate and proper...

78 FR 70539 - Proposed Information Collection; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-26

... program helps to ensure that requested data can be provided in the desired format, reporting burden (time... of collection requirement on respondents can be properly assessed. Currently, CNCS is soliciting... for funding. Copies of the information collection request can be obtained by contacting the office...

77 FR 2094 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-13

... ensure that requested data can be provided in the desired format, reporting burden (time and financial... requirements on respondents can be properly assessed. Currently, the NEA is soliciting comments concerning... Regional Arts Organizations. A copy of the current information collection request can be obtained by...

Operations and Maintenance January Newsletter | Poster

Cancer.gov

One of the many services provided through our Exterior and Structural Systems shop is “Moving” Services. Planning, coordination, and proper paperwork are critical to ensure a successful move. Please read on for some tips and factoids to help guide you through your requests for these services.

41 CFR 109-1.5203 - Management of subcontractor-held personal property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) Identification as Government-owned personal property. (d) Physical inventories. (e) Proper care, maintenance, and..., destroyed, stolen, abandoned, or worn out. (i) Periodic reports, including physical inventory results and... reviews, to ensure that personal property is being managed in accordance with established procedures. ...

29 CFR 1926.761 - Training.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... following activities. (1) Multiple lift rigging procedure. The employer shall ensure that each employee who performs multiple lift rigging has been provided training in the following areas: (i) The nature of the hazards associated with multiple lifts; and (ii) The proper procedures and equipment to perform multiple...

29 CFR 1926.761 - Training.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... following activities. (1) Multiple lift rigging procedure. The employer shall ensure that each employee who performs multiple lift rigging has been provided training in the following areas: (i) The nature of the hazards associated with multiple lifts; and (ii) The proper procedures and equipment to perform multiple...

EPA Settlement with UConn Resolves Improper PCB Disposal Activity

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The University of Connecticut has taken steps to ensure its PCB waste is properly disposed of in the future to settle claims by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) that it improperly disposed of PCBs during a 2013 renovation project at its Storr

21 CFR 114.80 - Processes and controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... food ingredients in acidified aqueous solutions. (ii) Immersion of the blanched food in acid solutions. Although immersion of food in an acid solution is a satisfactory method for acidification, care must be taken to ensure that the acid concentration is properly maintained. (iii) Direct batch acidification...

21 CFR 114.80 - Processes and controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... food ingredients in acidified aqueous solutions. (ii) Immersion of the blanched food in acid solutions. Although immersion of food in an acid solution is a satisfactory method for acidification, care must be taken to ensure that the acid concentration is properly maintained. (iii) Direct batch acidification...

21 CFR 114.80 - Processes and controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... food ingredients in acidified aqueous solutions. (ii) Immersion of the blanched food in acid solutions. Although immersion of food in an acid solution is a satisfactory method for acidification, care must be taken to ensure that the acid concentration is properly maintained. (iii) Direct batch acidification...

21 CFR 114.80 - Processes and controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... food ingredients in acidified aqueous solutions. (ii) Immersion of the blanched food in acid solutions. Although immersion of food in an acid solution is a satisfactory method for acidification, care must be taken to ensure that the acid concentration is properly maintained. (iii) Direct batch acidification...

78 FR 21121 - Information Collection(s) Being Reviewed by the Federal Communications Commission, Comments...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-09

... the carrier frequency, output power, and modulation of each transmitter authorized to operate with... per Response: .033 hours. Frequency of Response: Recordkeeping requirement. Obligation to Respond... which would likely affect the modulation characteristics. Such measurements, which help ensure proper...

Administering Safety: Challenge Courses and Climbing Walls.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Evans, Will

1996-01-01

A camp that is establishing a challenge course or climbing wall must ensure program safety. Discusses financial planning, selecting a contractor, adhering to standards for construction, inspections, staff training, screening of participants, and the administrative challenge of implementing and documenting proper actions. Sidebar discusses a study…

[Project to enhance bone bank tissue storage and distribution procedures].

PubMed

Huang, Jui-Chen; Wu, Chiung-Lan; Chen, Chun-Chuan; Chen, Shu-Hua

2011-10-01

Organ and tissue transplantation are now commonly preformed procedures. Improper organ bank handling procedures may increase infection risks. Execution accuracy in terms of tissue storage and distribution at our bone bank was 80%. We thus proposed an execution improvement project to enhance procedures in order to fulfill the intent of donors and ensure recipient safety. This project was designed to raise nurse professionalism, and ensure patient safety through enhanced tissue storage and distribution procedures. Education programs developed for this project focus on teaching standard operating procedures for bone and ligament storage and distribution, bone bank facility maintenance, trouble shooting and solutions, and periodic inspection systems. Cognition of proper storage and distribution procedures rose from 81% to 100%; Execution accuracy also rose from 80% to 100%. The project successfully conveyed concepts essential to the correct execution of organ storage and distribution procedures and proper organ bank facility management. Achieving and maintaining procedural and management standards is crucial to continued organ donations and the recipient safety.

Gas-filled capillaries for plasma-based accelerators

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Filippi, F.; Anania, M. P.; Brentegani, E.; Biagioni, A.; Cianchi, A.; Chiadroni, E.; Ferrario, M.; Pompili, R.; Romeo, S.; Zigler, A.

2017-07-01

Plasma Wakefield Accelerators are based on the excitation of large amplitude plasma waves excited by either a laser or a particle driver beam. The amplitude of the waves, as well as their spatial dimensions and the consequent accelerating gradient depend strongly on the background electron density along the path of the accelerated particles. The process needs stable and reliable plasma sources, whose density profile must be controlled and properly engineered to ensure the appropriate accelerating mechanism. Plasma confinement inside gas filled capillaries have been studied in the past since this technique allows to control the evolution of the plasma, ensuring a stable and repeatable plasma density distribution during the interaction with the drivers. Moreover, in a gas filled capillary plasma can be pre-ionized by a current discharge to avoid ionization losses. Different capillary geometries have been studied to allow the proper temporal and spatial evolution of the plasma along the acceleration length. Results of this analysis obtained by varying the length and the number of gas inlets will be presented.

Generation of contractile actomyosin bundles depends on mechanosensitive actin filament assembly and disassembly

PubMed Central

Tojkander, Sari; Gateva, Gergana; Husain, Amjad; Krishnan, Ramaswamy; Lappalainen, Pekka

2015-01-01

Adhesion and morphogenesis of many non-muscle cells are guided by contractile actomyosin bundles called ventral stress fibers. While it is well established that stress fibers are mechanosensitive structures, physical mechanisms by which they assemble, align, and mature have remained elusive. Here we show that arcs, which serve as precursors for ventral stress fibers, undergo lateral fusion during their centripetal flow to form thick actomyosin bundles that apply tension to focal adhesions at their ends. Importantly, this myosin II-derived force inhibits vectorial actin polymerization at focal adhesions through AMPK-mediated phosphorylation of VASP, and thereby halts stress fiber elongation and ensures their proper contractility. Stress fiber maturation additionally requires ADF/cofilin-mediated disassembly of non-contractile stress fibers, whereas contractile fibers are protected from severing. Taken together, these data reveal that myosin-derived tension precisely controls both actin filament assembly and disassembly to ensure generation and proper alignment of contractile stress fibers in migrating cells. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.06126.001 PMID:26652273

Generation of contractile actomyosin bundles depends on mechanosensitive actin filament assembly and disassembly.

PubMed

Tojkander, Sari; Gateva, Gergana; Husain, Amjad; Krishnan, Ramaswamy; Lappalainen, Pekka

2015-12-10

Adhesion and morphogenesis of many non-muscle cells are guided by contractile actomyosin bundles called ventral stress fibers. While it is well established that stress fibers are mechanosensitive structures, physical mechanisms by which they assemble, align, and mature have remained elusive. Here we show that arcs, which serve as precursors for ventral stress fibers, undergo lateral fusion during their centripetal flow to form thick actomyosin bundles that apply tension to focal adhesions at their ends. Importantly, this myosin II-derived force inhibits vectorial actin polymerization at focal adhesions through AMPK-mediated phosphorylation of VASP, and thereby halts stress fiber elongation and ensures their proper contractility. Stress fiber maturation additionally requires ADF/cofilin-mediated disassembly of non-contractile stress fibers, whereas contractile fibers are protected from severing. Taken together, these data reveal that myosin-derived tension precisely controls both actin filament assembly and disassembly to ensure generation and proper alignment of contractile stress fibers in migrating cells.

On the robustness of SAC silencing in closed mitosis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ruth, Donovan; Liu, Jian

Mitosis equally partitions sister chromatids to two daughter cells. This is achieved by properly attaching these chromatids via their kinetochores to microtubules that emanate from the spindle poles. Once the last kinetochore is properly attached, the spindle microtubules pull the sister chromatids apart. Due to the dynamic nature of microtubules, however, kinetochore-microtubule attachment often goes wrong. When this erroneous attachment occurs, it locally activates an ensemble of proteins, called the spindle assembly checkpoint proteins (SAC), which halts the mitotic progression until all the kinetochores are properly attached by spindle microtubules. The timing of SAC silencing thus determines the fidelity of chromosome segregation. We previously established a spatiotemporal model that addresses the robustness of SAC silencing in open mitosis for the first time. Here, we focus on closed mitosis by examining yeast mitosis as a model system. Though much experimental work has been done to study the SAC in cells undergoing closed mitosis, the processes responsible are not well understood. We leverage and extend our previous model to study SAC silencing mechanism in closed mitosis. We show that a robust signal of the SAC protein accumulation at the spindle pole body can be achieved. This signal is a nonlinear increasing function of number of kinetochore-microtubule attachments, and can thus serve as a robust trigger to time the SAC silencing. Together, our mechanism provides a unified framework across species that ensures robust SAC silencing and fidelity of chromosome segregation in mitosis. Intramural research program in NHLBI at NIH.

Graphene-based nonvolatile terahertz switch with asymmetric electrodes.

PubMed

Li, Yan; Yu, Hui; Qiu, Xinyu; Dai, Tingge; Jiang, Jianfei; Wang, Gencheng; Zhang, Qiang; Qin, Yali; Yang, Jianyi; Jiang, Xiaoqing

2018-01-24

We propose a nonvolatile terahertz (THz) switch which is able to perform the switching with transient stimulus. The device utilizes graphene as its floating-gate layer, which changes the transmissivity of THz signal by trapping the tunneling charges. The conventional top-down electrode configuration is replaced by a left-right electrode configuration, so THz signals could transmit through this device with the transmissivity being controlled by voltage pulses. The two electrodes are made of metals with different work functions. The resultant asymmetrical energy band structure ensures that both electrical programming and erasing are viable. With the aid of localized surface plasmon resonances in graphene ribbon arrays, the modulation depth is 89% provided that the Femi level of graphene is tuned between 0 and 0.2 eV by proper voltage pulses.

A Collaborative Reasoning Maintenance System for a Reliable Application of Legislations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tamisier, Thomas; Didry, Yoann; Parisot, Olivier; Feltz, Fernand

Decision support systems are nowadays used to disentangle all kinds of intricate situations and perform sophisticated analysis. Moreover, they are applied in areas where the knowledge can be heterogeneous, partially un-formalized, implicit, or diffuse. The representation and management of this knowledge become the key point to ensure the proper functioning of the system and keep an intuitive view upon its expected behavior. This paper presents a generic architecture for implementing knowledge-base systems used in collaborative business, where the knowledge is organized into different databases, according to the usage, persistence and quality of the information. This approach is illustrated with Cadral, a customizable automated tool built on this architecture and used for processing family benefits applications at the National Family Benefits Fund of the Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg.

Rift Valley fever vaccines: current and future needs.

PubMed

Dungu, Baptiste; Lubisi, Baratang A; Ikegami, Tetsuro

2018-04-01

Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a zoonotic mosquito-borne bunyaviral disease associated with high abortion rates, neonatal deaths, and fetal malformations in ruminants, and mild to severe disease in humans. Outbreaks of RVF cause huge economic losses and public health impacts in endemic countries in Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. A proper vaccination strategy is important for preventing or minimizing outbreaks. Vaccination against RVF is not practiced in many countries, however, due to absence or irregular occurrences of outbreaks, despite serological evidence of RVF viral activity. Nonetheless, effective vaccination strategies, and functional national and international multi-disciplinary networks, remain crucial for ensuring availability of vaccines and supporting execution of vaccination in high risk areas for efficient response to RVF alerts and outbreaks. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Measuring the value of healthcare business assets.

PubMed

Evans, C J

2000-04-01

Healthcare organizations obtain valuations of business assets for many reasons, including to support decisions regarding potential mergers, sale of business components, or financing; for tax assessments; and for defense against law-suits. If compliance with regulations may be an issue, such as when a not-for-profit organization is involved in a transaction, healthcare organizations should seek an independent appraisal to ensure that applicable legal standards are met. Whether or not regulatory issues are involved, however, an accurate and useful valuation of business assets depends on many factors. Financial managers must understand the purpose and function of the valuation, choice of appropriate valuation techniques, proper assessment of intangible value, use of realistic growth rates, appropriate emphasis on key focus areas of the valuation (e.g., risk and future income streams), and an accounting of physician compensation.

The adoption of IT security standards in a healthcare environment.

PubMed

Gomes, Rui; Lapão, Luís Velez

2008-01-01

Security is a vital part of daily life to Hospitals that need to ensure that the information is adequately secured. In Portugal, more CIOs are seeking that their hospital IS departments are properly protecting information assets from security threats. It is imperative to take necessary measures to ensure risk management and business continuity. Security management certification provides just such a guarantee, increasing patient and partner confidence. This paper introduces one best practice for implementing four security controls in a hospital datacenter infrastructure (ISO27002), and describes the security assessment for implementing such controls.

Implementing AORN recommended practices for minimally invasive surgery: part I.

PubMed

Morton, Paula J

2012-09-01

This article focuses on the patient safety aspects of the revised AORN "Recommended practices for minimally invasive surgery" (MIS). Key considerations include ensuring proper fluid management practices, assessing patients for risk factors related to MIS, implementing precautions for electrosurgery, planning for risks related to MIS, and assessing patients postoperatively for potential complications related to MIS. Collaboration and collegiality among members of the surgical team are essential for ensuring all pertinent aspects of care are recognized and considered. Copyright © 2012 AORN, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Technical Limitations in Merging Secular and Sacred Functions in Monumental Churches

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Piatkowska, Ksenia

2017-10-01

The abandonment of churches and their adaptation for secular purposes is a current subject in Europe and worldwide. Most cases involve objects that were desacralized and then rebuilt as a whole object for alternative functions. Thus far, the merging of secular and sacred functions in one monumental Catholic church has not raised any issues. The paper describes the case of St. Catherine’s Church in Gdansk, Poland, where sacred function exists parallel to the new secular function being implemented. The study is based on the authentic, professional experience of the author. It describes the technical limitations arising from the need to ensure destinies for the optimal conditions of both sacred and secular function, while avoiding undesirable interference between them. The author further identifies architectural solutions most relevant to current requirements for protection of sacred zones in the church, for preservation of the monument, and for optimal function of a modern science museum. Significant design issues include: the inviolability of the sacred zone, preservation of the historical value of the monument, proper operation of new secular zones in compliance with contemporary standards of safety, performance of the assumed mission and profitability. The research indicates specific areas where the highest probability of collision exists between the sacred and profane and where technical problems are likely to occur.

Distributed sensor coordination for advanced energy systems

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tumer, Kagan

Motivation: The ability to collect key system level information is critical to the safe, efficient and reliable operation of advanced power systems. Recent advances in sensor technology have enabled some level of decision making directly at the sensor level. However, coordinating large numbers of sensors, particularly heterogeneous sensors, to achieve system level objectives such as predicting plant efficiency, reducing downtime or predicting outages requires sophisticated coordination algorithms. Indeed, a critical issue in such systems is how to ensure the interaction of a large number of heterogenous system components do not interfere with one another and lead to undesirable behavior. Objectivesmore » and Contributions: The long-term objective of this work is to provide sensor deployment, coordination and networking algorithms for large numbers of sensors to ensure the safe, reliable, and robust operation of advanced energy systems. Our two specific objectives are to: 1. Derive sensor performance metrics for heterogeneous sensor networks. 2. Demonstrate effectiveness, scalability and reconfigurability of heterogeneous sensor network in advanced power systems. The key technical contribution of this work is to push the coordination step to the design of the objective functions of the sensors, allowing networks of heterogeneous sensors to be controlled. By ensuring that the control and coordination is not specific to particular sensor hardware, this approach enables the design and operation of large heterogeneous sensor networks. In addition to the coordination coordination mechanism, this approach allows the system to be reconfigured in response to changing needs (e.g., sudden external events requiring new responses) or changing sensor network characteristics (e.g., sudden changes to plant condition). Impact: The impact of this work extends to a large class of problems relevant to the National Energy Technology Laboratory including sensor placement, heterogeneous sensor coordination, and sensor network control in advanced power systems. Each application has specific needs, but they all share the one crucial underlying problem: how to ensure that the interactions of a large number of heterogenous agents lead to coordinated system behavior. This proposal describes a new paradigm that addresses that very issue in a systematic way. Key Results and Findings: All milestones have been completed. Our results demonstrate that by properly shaping agent objective functions, we can develop large (up to 10,000 devices) heterogeneous sensor networks with key desirable properties. The first milestone shows that properly choosing agent-specific objective functions increases system performance by up to 99.9% compared to global evaluations. The second milestone shows evolutionary algorithms learn excellent sensor network coordination policies prior to network deployment, and these policies can be refined online once the network is deployed. The third milestone shows the resulting sensor networks networks are extremely robust to sensor noise, where networks with up to 25% sensor noise are capable of providing measurements with errors on the order of 10⁻³. The fourth milestone shows the resulting sensor networks are extremely robust to sensor failure, with 25% of the sensors in the system failing resulting in no significant performance losses after system reconfiguration.« less

Mec1/ATR, the Program Manager of Nucleic Acids Inc.

PubMed

Feng, Wenyi

2016-12-28

Eukaryotic cells are equipped with surveillance mechanisms called checkpoints to ensure proper execution of cell cycle events. Among these are the checkpoints that detect DNA damage or replication perturbations and coordinate cellular activities to maintain genome stability. At the forefront of damage sensing is an evolutionarily conserved molecule, known respectively in budding yeast and humans as Mec1 (Mitosis entry checkpoint 1) and ATR (Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein). Through phosphorylation, Mec1/ATR activates downstream components of a signaling cascade to maintain nucleotide pool balance, protect replication fork integrity, regulate activation of origins of replication, coordinate DNA repair, and implement cell cycle delay. This list of functions continues to expand as studies have revealed that Mec1/ATR modularly interacts with various protein molecules in response to different cellular cues. Among these newly assigned functions is the regulation of RNA metabolism during checkpoint activation and the coordination of replication-transcription conflicts. In this review, I will highlight some of these new functions of Mec1/ATR with a focus on the yeast model organism.

Targeting and assembly of components of the TOC protein import complex at the chloroplast outer envelope membrane

PubMed Central

Richardson, Lynn G. L.; Paila, Yamuna D.; Siman, Steven R.; Chen, Yi; Smith, Matthew D.; Schnell, Danny J.

2014-01-01

The translocon at the outer envelope membrane of chloroplasts (TOC) initiates the import of thousands of nuclear encoded preproteins required for chloroplast biogenesis and function. The multimeric TOC complex contains two GTP-regulated receptors, Toc34 and Toc159, which recognize the transit peptides of preproteins and initiate protein import through a β–barrel membrane channel, Toc75. Different isoforms of Toc34 and Toc159 assemble with Toc75 to form structurally and functionally diverse translocons, and the composition and levels of TOC translocons is required for the import of specific subsets of coordinately expressed proteins during plant growth and development. Consequently, the proper assembly of the TOC complexes is key to ensuring organelle homeostasis. This review will focus on our current knowledge of the targeting and assembly of TOC components to form functional translocons at the outer membrane. Our analyses reveal that the targeting of TOC components involves elements common to the targeting of other outer membrane proteins, but also include unique features that appear to have evolved to specifically facilitate assembly of the import apparatus. PMID:24966864

Targeting and assembly of components of the TOC protein import complex at the chloroplast outer envelope membrane.

PubMed

Richardson, Lynn G L; Paila, Yamuna D; Siman, Steven R; Chen, Yi; Smith, Matthew D; Schnell, Danny J

2014-01-01

The translocon at the outer envelope membrane of chloroplasts (TOC) initiates the import of thousands of nuclear encoded preproteins required for chloroplast biogenesis and function. The multimeric TOC complex contains two GTP-regulated receptors, Toc34 and Toc159, which recognize the transit peptides of preproteins and initiate protein import through a β-barrel membrane channel, Toc75. Different isoforms of Toc34 and Toc159 assemble with Toc75 to form structurally and functionally diverse translocons, and the composition and levels of TOC translocons is required for the import of specific subsets of coordinately expressed proteins during plant growth and development. Consequently, the proper assembly of the TOC complexes is key to ensuring organelle homeostasis. This review will focus on our current knowledge of the targeting and assembly of TOC components to form functional translocons at the outer membrane. Our analyses reveal that the targeting of TOC components involves elements common to the targeting of other outer membrane proteins, but also include unique features that appear to have evolved to specifically facilitate assembly of the import apparatus.

Drosophila Polo regulates the spindle assembly checkpoint through Mps1-dependent BubR1 phosphorylation.

PubMed

Conde, Carlos; Osswald, Mariana; Barbosa, João; Moutinho-Santos, Tatiana; Pinheiro, Diana; Guimarães, Sofia; Matos, Irina; Maiato, Helder; Sunkel, Claudio E

2013-06-12

Maintenance of genomic stability during eukaryotic cell division relies on the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) that prevents mitotic exit until all chromosomes are properly attached to the spindle. Polo is a mitotic kinase proposed to be involved in SAC function, but its role has remained elusive. We demonstrate that Polo and Aurora B functional interdependency comprises a positive feedback loop that promotes Mps1 kinetochore localization and activity. Expression of constitutively active Polo restores normal Mps1 kinetochore levels even after Aurora B inhibition, highlighting a role for Polo in Mps1 recruitment to unattached kinetochores downstream of Aurora B. We also show that Mps1 kinetochore localization is required for BubR1 hyperphosphorylation and formation of the 3F3/2 phosphoepitope. This is essential to allow recruitment of Cdc20 to unattached kinetochores and the assembly of anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome-inhibitory complexes to levels that ensure long-term SAC activity. We propose a model in which Polo controls Mps1-dependent BubR1 phosphorylation to promote Cdc20 kinetochore recruitment and sustained SAC function.

Drosophila Polo regulates the spindle assembly checkpoint through Mps1-dependent BubR1 phosphorylation

PubMed Central

Conde, Carlos; Osswald, Mariana; Barbosa, João; Moutinho-Santos, Tatiana; Pinheiro, Diana; Guimarães, Sofia; Matos, Irina; Maiato, Helder; Sunkel, Claudio E

2013-01-01

Maintenance of genomic stability during eukaryotic cell division relies on the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) that prevents mitotic exit until all chromosomes are properly attached to the spindle. Polo is a mitotic kinase proposed to be involved in SAC function, but its role has remained elusive. We demonstrate that Polo and Aurora B functional interdependency comprises a positive feedback loop that promotes Mps1 kinetochore localization and activity. Expression of constitutively active Polo restores normal Mps1 kinetochore levels even after Aurora B inhibition, highlighting a role for Polo in Mps1 recruitment to unattached kinetochores downstream of Aurora B. We also show that Mps1 kinetochore localization is required for BubR1 hyperphosphorylation and formation of the 3F3/2 phosphoepitope. This is essential to allow recruitment of Cdc20 to unattached kinetochores and the assembly of anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome-inhibitory complexes to levels that ensure long-term SAC activity. We propose a model in which Polo controls Mps1-dependent BubR1 phosphorylation to promote Cdc20 kinetochore recruitment and sustained SAC function. PMID:23685359

Cosmeceuticals: undefined, unclassified, and unregulated.

PubMed

Draelos, Zoe Diana

2009-01-01

The cosmeceutical category is an undefined, unclassified, and unregulated area of dermatology that is yet in its infancy. Traditional cosmeceuticals involve the topical application of biologically active ingredients that affect the skin barrier and overall skin health. The ability of these ingredients to enhance skin functioning depends on how they are formulated into products that can maintain the integrity of the active ingredient, deliver it in a biologically active form to the skin, reach the target site in sufficient quantity to exert an effect, and properly release from the carrier vehicle. In the United States, cosmeceuticals are sold as cosmetics, making marketing, packaging, and aesthetic appeal important considerations. Ideally, the cosmeceutical should be clinically tested for efficacy to ensure a proven skin benefit and also to substantiate marketing claims. Governmental limitations of efficacy claims restrict cosmeceutical development because products can only be assessed in terms of their ability to improve skin appearance but not function. Improving function would remove the cosmeceutical from the cosmetic category and place it in the drug category. Herein lies the challenge of defining the cosmeceutical category.

RADIOANALYTICAL AND MIXED WASTE ANALYTICAL SUPPORT FOR STATES, REGIONS, AND OTHER FEDERAL AGENCIES

EPA Science Inventory

Provide technical advice and support to Regions and other Federal Agencies on types of analyses, proper sampling, preservation, shipping procedures, and detection limits for samples for radionuclides and stable metals. Provide in-house data review and validation to ensure the qua...

28 CFR 115.234 - Specialized training: Investigations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... pursuant to § 115.231, the agency shall ensure that, to the extent the agency itself conducts sexual abuse... settings. (b) Specialized training shall include techniques for interviewing sexual abuse victims, proper use of Miranda and Garrity warnings, sexual abuse evidence collection in confinement settings, and the...

28 CFR 115.234 - Specialized training: Investigations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... pursuant to § 115.231, the agency shall ensure that, to the extent the agency itself conducts sexual abuse... settings. (b) Specialized training shall include techniques for interviewing sexual abuse victims, proper use of Miranda and Garrity warnings, sexual abuse evidence collection in confinement settings, and the...

28 CFR 115.234 - Specialized training: Investigations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... pursuant to § 115.231, the agency shall ensure that, to the extent the agency itself conducts sexual abuse... settings. (b) Specialized training shall include techniques for interviewing sexual abuse victims, proper use of Miranda and Garrity warnings, sexual abuse evidence collection in confinement settings, and the...

14 CFR 1213.104 - Public information coordination and concurrence.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... and published by the NASA Assistant Administrator for Public Affairs. (b) Coordination. To ensure... offices and approved by the Center Director and Center Public Affairs Director. The Center Public Affairs Director is required to provide proper notification to the Office of Public Affairs, NASA Headquarters...

Safety in Riding Programs: A Director's Guide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kpachavi, Teresa

1996-01-01

Camp riding programs should be examined regularly for liability and risk management issues. Elements of a basic safety assessment include requiring proper safety apparel, removing obstructions from riding rings, ensuring doors and gates are closed, requiring use of lead ropes, securing equine medications, banning smoking, posting written…

77 FR 57161 - Proposed Extension of Existing Collection; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-17

...)(A)]. This program helps to ensure that requested data can be provided in the desired format..., and the impact of collection requirements on respondents can be properly assessed. Currently, the... for Medical Reimbursement (OWCP-915). A copy of the proposed information collection request can be...

78 FR 13643 - Proposed Information Collection; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-28

... ensure that requested data can be provided in the desired format, reporting burden (time and financial... requirement on respondents can be properly assessed. Currently, CNCS is soliciting comments concerning its... report via eGrants. Copies of the information collection request can be obtained by contacting the office...

78 FR 77169 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-20

... program helps to ensure that requested data can be provided in the desired format, reporting burden (time... of collection requirements on respondents can be properly assessed. Currently, the Office of Workers... Expenses (LS-265). A copy of the proposed information collection request can be obtained by contacting the...

77 FR 57160 - Proposed Extension of Existing Collection; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-17

...)(A)]. This program helps to ensure that requested data can be provided in the desired format..., and the impact of collection requirements on respondents can be properly assessed. Currently, the...: Pharmacy Billing Requirements. A copy of the proposed information collection request can be obtained by...

76 FR 35418 - Proposed Information Collection; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-17

...(c)(2)(A)). This program helps to ensure that requested data can be provided in the desired format..., and the impact of collection requirement on respondents can be properly assessed. Currently, the...) Civic Engagement Supplement. Copies of the information collection request can be obtained by contacting...

75 FR 69128 - Proposed Collection, Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-10

... ensure that requested data can be provided in the desired format, reporting burden (time and financial... requirements on respondents can be properly assessed. The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) is soliciting... Goods and Services Survey.'' A copy of the proposed information collection request (ICR) can be obtained...

78 FR 40262 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Requests for Comments; Clearance of Renewed Approval of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-03

... Activities: Requests for Comments; Clearance of Renewed Approval of Information Collection: Aircraft Noise.... 76, page 23628. This collection ensures that U.S. operators have proper noise certification...: 2120-0737. Title: Aircraft Noise Certification Documents for International Operations. Form Numbers...

78 FR 23628 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Requests for Comments; Clearance of Renewed Approval of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-19

... Activities; Requests for Comments; Clearance of Renewed Approval of Information Collection: Aircraft Noise... to renew an information collection. This collection ensures that U.S. operators have proper noise...: OMB Control Number: 2120-073. Title: Aircraft Noise Certification Documents for International...

Cattle sex-specific recombination and genetic control from a very large pedigree

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Meiotic recombination is an essential biological process that generates novel genetic variants and ensures proper segregation of chromosomes during meiosis. From a large USDA dairy cattle pedigree with over half million genotyped animals, we extracted 186,927 three-generation families, identified ov...

7 CFR 762.126 - Security requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 7 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Security requirements. 762.126 Section 762.126... AGRICULTURE SPECIAL PROGRAMS GUARANTEED FARM LOANS § 762.126 Security requirements. (a) General. (1) The lender is responsible for ensuring that proper and adequate security is obtained and maintained to fully...

Teacher Education: Of the People, by the People, and for the People.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Clinton, Hillary Rodham

1985-01-01

Effective inservice programs are necessary to ensure that current reforms in education are properly implemented. Inservice programs must meet the needs of both the educational system and educators. Six basic policy assumptions dealing with what is needed in inservice education are discussed. (DF)

Visualizing Sound with an Electro-Optical Eardrum

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Truncale, Nicholas P.; Graham, Michelle T.

2014-01-01

As science educators, one of our important responsibilities is ensuring students possess the proper tools and accommodations to examine phenomena in a laboratory setting. It is our job to innovate methods enabling students with disabilities to participate in all aspects of investigations. This article describes an experimental accommodation…

75 FR 15691 - Proposed Information Collection; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-30

...(c)(2)(A)). This program helps to ensure that requested data can be provided in the desired format... Community Service. Title: Application for the President's Higher Education Community Service Honor Roll. OMB..., and the impact of the collection requirement on respondents can be properly assessed. Currently, the...

49 CFR 230.111 - Spring rigging.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Spring rigging. 230.111 Section 230.111... Tenders Trucks, Frames and Equalizing System § 230.111 Spring rigging. (a) Arrangement of springs and equalizers. Springs and equalizers shall be arranged to ensure the proper distribution of weight to the...

49 CFR 230.111 - Spring rigging.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Spring rigging. 230.111 Section 230.111... Tenders Trucks, Frames and Equalizing System § 230.111 Spring rigging. (a) Arrangement of springs and equalizers. Springs and equalizers shall be arranged to ensure the proper distribution of weight to the...

49 CFR 230.111 - Spring rigging.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Spring rigging. 230.111 Section 230.111... Tenders Trucks, Frames and Equalizing System § 230.111 Spring rigging. (a) Arrangement of springs and equalizers. Springs and equalizers shall be arranged to ensure the proper distribution of weight to the...

49 CFR 230.111 - Spring rigging.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Spring rigging. 230.111 Section 230.111... Tenders Trucks, Frames and Equalizing System § 230.111 Spring rigging. (a) Arrangement of springs and equalizers. Springs and equalizers shall be arranged to ensure the proper distribution of weight to the...

The Sign Told Me how to Play--A Lesson in Risk Reduction.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wallach, Frances

1988-01-01

Two constantly appearing claims in most playground accident suits are improper supervision and lack of warning to the users. This article discusses legal implications of improper signage, explains use of symbols, and presents general sign guidelines to ensure proper safety measures. (MLH)

38 CFR 1.602 - Utilization of access.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... individual and organization will comply with all security requirements VBA deems necessary to ensure the integrity and confidentiality of the data and VBA's automated computer systems. (b) An organization granted... regular, adequate training on proper security, including the items listed in § 1.603(a). Where an...

38 CFR 1.602 - Utilization of access.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... individual and organization will comply with all security requirements VBA deems necessary to ensure the integrity and confidentiality of the data and VBA's automated computer systems. (b) An organization granted... regular, adequate training on proper security, including the items listed in § 1.603(a). Where an...

38 CFR 1.602 - Utilization of access.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... individual and organization will comply with all security requirements VBA deems necessary to ensure the integrity and confidentiality of the data and VBA's automated computer systems. (b) An organization granted... regular, adequate training on proper security, including the items listed in § 1.603(a). Where an...

38 CFR 1.602 - Utilization of access.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... individual and organization will comply with all security requirements VBA deems necessary to ensure the integrity and confidentiality of the data and VBA's automated computer systems. (b) An organization granted... regular, adequate training on proper security, including the items listed in § 1.603(a). Where an...

Interphase centrosome organization by the PLP-Cnn scaffold is required for centrosome function

PubMed Central

Lerit, Dorothy A.; Jordan, Holly A.; Poulton, John S.; Fagerstrom, Carey J.; Galletta, Brian J.; Peifer, Mark

2015-01-01

Pericentriolar material (PCM) mediates the microtubule (MT) nucleation and anchoring activity of centrosomes. A scaffold organized by Centrosomin (Cnn) serves to ensure proper PCM architecture and functional changes in centrosome activity with each cell cycle. Here, we investigate the mechanisms that spatially restrict and temporally coordinate centrosome scaffold formation. Focusing on the mitotic-to-interphase transition in Drosophila melanogaster embryos, we show that the elaboration of the interphase Cnn scaffold defines a major structural rearrangement of the centrosome. We identify an unprecedented role for Pericentrin-like protein (PLP), which localizes to the tips of extended Cnn flares, to maintain robust interphase centrosome activity and promote the formation of interphase MT asters required for normal nuclear spacing, centrosome segregation, and compartmentalization of the syncytial embryo. Our data reveal that Cnn and PLP directly interact at two defined sites to coordinate the cell cycle–dependent rearrangement and scaffolding activity of the centrosome to permit normal centrosome organization, cell division, and embryonic viability. PMID:26150390

Interphase centrosome organization by the PLP-Cnn scaffold is required for centrosome function.

PubMed

Lerit, Dorothy A; Jordan, Holly A; Poulton, John S; Fagerstrom, Carey J; Galletta, Brian J; Peifer, Mark; Rusan, Nasser M

2015-07-06

Pericentriolar material (PCM) mediates the microtubule (MT) nucleation and anchoring activity of centrosomes. A scaffold organized by Centrosomin (Cnn) serves to ensure proper PCM architecture and functional changes in centrosome activity with each cell cycle. Here, we investigate the mechanisms that spatially restrict and temporally coordinate centrosome scaffold formation. Focusing on the mitotic-to-interphase transition in Drosophila melanogaster embryos, we show that the elaboration of the interphase Cnn scaffold defines a major structural rearrangement of the centrosome. We identify an unprecedented role for Pericentrin-like protein (PLP), which localizes to the tips of extended Cnn flares, to maintain robust interphase centrosome activity and promote the formation of interphase MT asters required for normal nuclear spacing, centrosome segregation, and compartmentalization of the syncytial embryo. Our data reveal that Cnn and PLP directly interact at two defined sites to coordinate the cell cycle-dependent rearrangement and scaffolding activity of the centrosome to permit normal centrosome organization, cell division, and embryonic viability.

Protein kinase A activates the Hippo pathway to modulate cell proliferation and differentiation

PubMed Central

Yu, Fa-Xing; Zhang, Yifan; Park, Hyun Woo; Jewell, Jenna L.; Chen, Qian; Deng, Yaoting; Pan, Duojia; Taylor, Susan S.; Lai, Zhi-Chun; Guan, Kun-Liang

2013-01-01

The Hippo tumor suppressor pathway plays an important role in tissue homeostasis that ensures development of functional organs at proper size. The YAP transcription coactivator is a major effector of the Hippo pathway and is phosphorylated and inactivated by the Hippo pathway kinases Lats1/2. It has recently been shown that YAP activity is regulated by G-protein-coupled receptor signaling. Here we demonstrate that cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), a second messenger downstream from Gαs-coupled receptors, acts through protein kinase A (PKA) and Rho GTPases to stimulate Lats kinases and YAP phosphorylation. We also show that inactivation of YAP is crucial for PKA-induced adipogenesis. In addition, PKA activation in Drosophila inhibits the expression of Yorki (Yki, a YAP ortholog) target genes involved in cell proliferation and death. Taken together, our study demonstrates that Hippo–YAP is a key signaling branch of cAMP and PKA and reveals new insight into mechanisms of PKA in regulating a broad range of cellular functions. PMID:23752589

Update on traumatic acute spinal cord injury. Part 2.

PubMed

Mourelo Fariña, M; Salvador de la Barrera, S; Montoto Marqués, A; Ferreiro Velasco, M E; Galeiras Vázquez, R

The aim of treatment in acute traumatic spinal cord injury is to preserve residual neurologic function, avoid secondary injury, and restore spinal alignment and stability. In this second part of the review, we describe the management of spinal cord injury focusing on issues related to short-term respiratory management, where the preservation of diaphragmatic function is a priority, with prediction of the duration of mechanical ventilation and the need for tracheostomy. Surgical assessment of spinal injuries based on updated criteria is discussed, taking into account that although the type of intervention depends on the surgical team, nowadays treatment should afford early spinal decompression and stabilization. Within a comprehensive strategy in spinal cord injury, it is essential to identify and properly treat patient anxiety and pain associated to spinal cord injury, as well as to prevent and ensure the early diagnosis of complications secondary to spinal cord injury (thromboembolic disease, gastrointestinal and urinary disorders, pressure ulcers). Copyright © 2016 Elsevier España, S.L.U. y SEMICYUC. All rights reserved.

A Simple and Low-Cost Monitoring System to Investigate Environmental Conditions in a Biological Research Laboratory.

PubMed

Gurdita, Akshay; Vovko, Heather; Ungrin, Mark

2016-01-01

Basic equipment such as incubation and refrigeration systems plays a critical role in nearly all aspects of the traditional biological research laboratory. Their proper functioning is therefore essential to ensure reliable and repeatable experimental results. Despite this fact, in many academic laboratories little attention is paid to validating and monitoring their function, primarily due to the cost and/or technical complexity of available commercial solutions. We have therefore developed a simple and low-cost monitoring system that combines a "Raspberry Pi" single-board computer with USB-connected sensor interfaces to track and log parameters such as temperature and pressure, and send email alert messages as appropriate. The system is controlled by open-source software, and we have also generated scripts to automate software setup so that no background in programming is required to install and use it. We have applied it to investigate the behaviour of our own equipment, and present here the results along with the details of the monitoring system used to obtain them.

One-electron reduced density matrices of strongly correlated harmonium atoms.

PubMed

Cioslowski, Jerzy

2015-03-21

Explicit asymptotic expressions are derived for the reduced one-electron density matrices (the 1-matrices) of strongly correlated two- and three-electron harmonium atoms in the ground and first excited states. These expressions, which are valid at the limit of small confinement strength ω, yield electron densities and kinetic energies in agreement with the published values. In addition, they reveal the ω(5/6) asymptotic scaling of the exchange components of the electron-electron repulsion energies that differs from the ω(2/3) scaling of their Coulomb and correlation counterparts. The natural orbitals of the totally symmetric ground state of the two-electron harmonium atom are found to possess collective occupancies that follow a mixed power/Gaussian dependence on the angular momentum in variance with the simple power-law prediction of Hill's asymptotics. Providing rigorous constraints on energies as functionals of 1-matrices, these results are expected to facilitate development of approximate implementations of the density matrix functional theory and ensure their proper description of strongly correlated systems.

Traveler's diarrhea at sea: three outbreaks of waterborne enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli on cruise ships.

PubMed

Daniels, N A; Neimann, J; Karpati, A; Parashar, U D; Greene, K D; Wells, J G; Srivastava, A; Tauxe, R V; Mintz, E D; Quick, R

2000-04-01

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) has become the leading bacterial cause of gastroenteritis outbreaks on cruise ships. Investigation of recent outbreaks of ETEC gastroenteritis on 3 cruise ships indicated that all were associated with consuming beverages with ice cubes on board the ship (relative risk [RR], 1.4, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0-1.9, P=.02; RR, 1.9, 95% CI, 1.3-2. 9, P<.001; and RR, 1.3, 95% CI, 1.0-1.6, P<.01), and 2 were associated with drinking unbottled water (RR, 2.7, 95% CI, 1.8-4.1, P<.001; RR, 1.7, 95% CI, 1.3-2.3, P<.001). Multiple ETEC serotypes were detected in patients' stool specimens in each of the 3 outbreaks, and 12 (38%) of 32 isolates were resistant to > or =3 antimicrobial agents. ETEC appears to be emerging as a waterborne pathogen on cruise ships. Water bunkered in overseas ports was the likely source of ETEC infection in these outbreaks. To ensure passenger safety, cruise ships that take on water in foreign ports must ensure that water treatment and monitoring systems function properly.

Cdc15 integrates Tem1 GTPase-mediated spatial signals with Polo kinase-mediated temporal cues to activate mitotic exit.

PubMed

Rock, Jeremy M; Amon, Angelika

2011-09-15

In budding yeast, a Ras-like GTPase signaling cascade known as the mitotic exit network (MEN) promotes exit from mitosis. To ensure the accurate execution of mitosis, MEN activity is coordinated with other cellular events and restricted to anaphase. The MEN GTPase Tem1 has been assumed to be the central switch in MEN regulation. We show here that during an unperturbed cell cycle, restricting MEN activity to anaphase can occur in a Tem1 GTPase-independent manner. We found that the anaphase-specific activation of the MEN in the absence of Tem1 is controlled by the Polo kinase Cdc5. We further show that both Tem1 and Cdc5 are required to recruit the MEN kinase Cdc15 to spindle pole bodies, which is both necessary and sufficient to induce MEN signaling. Thus, Cdc15 functions as a coincidence detector of two essential cell cycle oscillators: the Polo kinase Cdc5 synthesis/degradation cycle and the Tem1 G-protein cycle. The Cdc15-dependent integration of these temporal (Cdc5 and Tem1 activity) and spatial (Tem1 activity) signals ensures that exit from mitosis occurs only after proper genome partitioning.

Seven surefire ways to start a nonphysician practitioner off right.

PubMed

Toth, Cheryl

2014-01-01

With the proper planning and preparation, nonphysician practitioners (NPPs) can improve physician productivity and increase patient access to the practice. A thorough training and orientation program is vital to optimizing the effectiveness and retention of an NPP. An organized approach to understanding payer reimbursement guidelines will ensure that his or her services are documented and billed correctly, and paid appropriately. And proper communication and marketing will go a long way toward building the NPP's patient base. This article offers seven proven ideas for getting an NPP off to a great start in any physician practice.

Periorbital Scar Correction.

PubMed

Chambers, Christopher B; Moe, Kristen S

2017-02-01

Periorbital scarring with eyelid retraction can have serious visual effects and can lead to loss of vision or even loss of the eye. Understanding of eyelid anatomy and the delicate balance of its structural supports is critical for the identification of the eyelid disorder responsible for the cicatrix and helps to guide treatment. The 2-finger test and lateral distraction of the lid can also be of significant help in proper diagnosis of the underlying disorder. Proper reconstruction with respect to the anterior and posterior lamellae helps to ensure a favorable outcome. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Novel functions for the RNA-binding protein ETR-1 in Caenorhabditis elegans reproduction and engulfment of germline apoptotic cell corpses

PubMed Central

Boateng, Ruby; Nguyen, Ken C.Q.; Hall, David H.; Golden, Andy; Allen, Anna K.

2017-01-01

RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are essential regulators of gene expression that act through a variety of mechanisms to ensure the proper post-transcriptional regulation of their target RNAs. RBPs in multiple species have been identified as playing crucial roles during development and as having important functions in various adult organ systems, including the heart, nervous, muscle, and reproductive systems. ETR-1, a highly conserved ELAV-Type RNA-binding protein belonging to the CELF/Bruno protein family, has been previously reported to be involved in C. elegans muscle development. Animals depleted of ETR-1 have been previously characterized as arresting at the two-fold stage of embryogenesis. In this study, we show that ETR-1 is expressed in the hermaphrodite somatic gonad and germ line, and that reduction of ETR-1 via RNA interference (RNAi) results in reduced hermaphrodite fecundity. Detailed characterization of this fertility defect indicates that ETR-1 is required in both the somatic tissue and the germ line to ensure wild-type reproductive levels. Additionally, the ability of ETR-1 depletion to suppress the published WEE-1.3-depletion infertility phenotype is dependent on ETR-1 being reduced in the soma. Within the germline of etr-1(RNAi) hermaphrodite animals, we observe a decrease in average oocyte size and an increase in the number of germline apoptotic cell corpses as evident by an increased number of CED-1::GFP and acridine orange positive apoptotic germ cells. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) studies confirm the significant increase in apoptotic cells in ETR-1-depleted animals, and reveal a failure of the somatic gonadal sheath cells to properly engulf dying germ cells in etr-1(RNAi) animals. Through investigation of an established engulfment pathway in C. elegans, we demonstrate that co-depletion of CED-1 and ETR-1 suppresses both the reduced fecundity and the increase in the number of apoptotic cell corpses observed in etr-1(RNAi) animals. Combined, this data identifies a novel role for ETR-1 in hermaphrodite gametogenesis and in the process of engulfment of germline apoptotic cell corpses. PMID:28648844

Assessment of primary health care facilities' service readiness in Nigeria.

PubMed

Oyekale, Abayomi Samuel

2017-03-01

Effective delivery of healthcare services requires availability of adequate infrastructure, diagnostic medical equipment, drugs and well-trained medical personnel. In Nigeria, poor funding and mismanagement often characterize healthcare service delivery thereby affecting coverage and quality of healthcare services. Therefore, the state of service delivery in Nigeria's health sector has come under some persistent criticisms. This paper analyzed service readiness of Primary Health Care (PHC) facilities in Nigeria with focus on availability of some essential drugs and medical equipment. Service Delivery Indicator (SDI) data for PHC in Nigeria were used. The data were collected from 2480 healthcare facilities from 12 states in the Nigeria's 6 geopolitical zones between 2013 and 2014. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Ordinary Least Square regression. Medical disposables such as hand gloves and male condoms were reported to be available in 77.18 and 44.03% of all the healthcare facilities respectively, while immunization services were provided by 86.57%. Functional stethoscopes were reported by 77.22% of the healthcare facilities, while only 68.10% had sphygmomanometers. In the combined healthcare facilities, availability of some basic drugs such as Azithromycin, Nifedipine, Dexamethasone and Misoprostol was low with 10.48, 25.20, 21.94 and 17.06%, respectively, while paracetamol and folic acid both had high availability with 74.31%. Regression results showed that indices of drug and medical equipment availability increased significantly (p < 0.05) among states in southern Nigeria and with presence of some power sources (electricity, generators, batteries and solar), but decreased among dispensaries/health posts. Travel time to headquarters and rural facilities significantly reduced indices of equipment availability (p < 0.05). It was concluded that for Nigeria to ensure better equity in access to healthcare facilities, which would facilitate achievement of some health-related sustainable development goals (SDGs), quality of services at its healthcare facilities should be improved. Given some differences between availability of basic medical equipment and their functionality, and lack of some basic drugs, proper inventory of medical services should be taken with effort put in place to increase funding and ensure proper management of healthcare resources.

49 CFR 571.225 - Standard No. 225; Child restraint anchorage systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... strength steel tether hook for attachment to the tether anchorage. The tether hook meets the specifications... systems to ensure their proper location and strength for the effective securing of child restraints, to... manufactured on or after September 1, 1999, shall comply with the configuration, location, marking and strength...

49 CFR 571.225 - Standard No. 225; Child restraint anchorage systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... strength steel tether hook for attachment to the tether anchorage. The tether hook meets the specifications... systems to ensure their proper location and strength for the effective securing of child restraints, to... manufactured on or after September 1, 1999, shall comply with the configuration, location, marking and strength...

49 CFR 571.225 - Standard No. 225; Child restraint anchorage systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... strength steel tether hook for attachment to the tether anchorage. The tether hook meets the specifications... systems to ensure their proper location and strength for the effective securing of child restraints, to... manufactured on or after September 1, 1999, shall comply with the configuration, location, marking and strength...

30 CFR 582.5 - Disclosure of data and information to the public.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... public. 582.5 Section 582.5 Mineral Resources BUREAU OF OCEAN ENERGY MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE... or more leases, to ensure proper Mining Plans for a common orebody, or to promote operational safety...), unitization agreement, or joint Mining Plan. (c) Geophysical data, processed geophysical information, and...

30 CFR 582.5 - Disclosure of data and information to the public.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... public. 582.5 Section 582.5 Mineral Resources BUREAU OF OCEAN ENERGY MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE... or more leases, to ensure proper Mining Plans for a common orebody, or to promote operational safety...), unitization agreement, or joint Mining Plan. (c) Geophysical data, processed geophysical information, and...

30 CFR 582.5 - Disclosure of data and information to the public.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... public. 582.5 Section 582.5 Mineral Resources BUREAU OF OCEAN ENERGY MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE... or more leases, to ensure proper Mining Plans for a common orebody, or to promote operational safety...), unitization agreement, or joint Mining Plan. (c) Geophysical data, processed geophysical information, and...

78 FR 60245 - Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-01

... it displays a currently valid OMB control number. Food Safety and Inspection Service Title: Egg... provided in the Egg Products Inspection Act (EPIA) (21 U.S.C. 1031-1056). This statue mandates that FSIS protect the public by ensuring that egg products are safe, wholesome, unadulterated, and properly labeled...

76 FR 14369 - Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-16

.... 601 et. seq.), the Poultry Products Inspection Act (PPIA) (21 U.S.C. 451, et. seq.), and the Egg... ensuring that meat, poultry, and egg products are safe, wholesome, unadulterated, and properly labeled and..., poultry, and egg products. When the Agency implements the Public Health Information System (PHIS...

Method and apparatus of a portable imaging-based measurement with self calibration

DOEpatents

Chang, Tzyy-Shuh [Ann Arbor, MI; Huang, Hsun-Hau [Ann Arbor, MI

2012-07-31

A portable imaging-based measurement device is developed to perform 2D projection based measurements on an object that is difficult or dangerous to access. This device is equipped with self calibration capability and built-in operating procedures to ensure proper imaging based measurement.

7 CFR 245.11 - Action by State agencies and FNSROs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS DETERMINING ELIGIBILITY FOR FREE AND REDUCED PRICE MEALS... eligible for free school meals. (h) The State agency shall take action to ensure the proper implementation... return to standard eligibility determination and meal counting procedures or apply for an extension under...

46 CFR 61.35-3 - Required tests and checks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... heaters without water level controls) must be tested by interrupting the feed water supply. Manual reset... alarm and visible indicator must be verified. The shutdown times must be verified. (3) Fuel supply... draft loss interlock switch must be tested to ensure proper operation. The draft limit control must...

77 FR 65582 - Pfizer Therapeutic Research, Pfizer Worldwide Reasearch & Development Division, Formerly Known as...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-29

..., Central Nervous System Research Unit (Currently Known as Neuroscience Research Unit), Global External... as Warner Lambert Company, Central Nervous System Research Unit, Global External Supply Department... Central Nervous System Research Unit was renamed the Neuroscience Research Unit. In order to ensure proper...

77 FR 73453 - Proposed Information Collection; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-10

... ensure that requested data can be provided in the desired format, reporting burden (time and financial... resulting data is used by grantees and the CNCS to track performance, as well as to identify trends and to...: Evaluate whether the proposed collection of information is necessary for the proper performance of the...

22 CFR 171.32 - Request for access to records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... RECORDS TO THE PUBLIC Privacy Act Provisions § 171.32 Request for access to records. (a) Description of... individuals requesting records under the Privacy Act to ensure that records are disclosed only to the proper.... Upon presentation of documentation of the parental relationship, a parent of a minor (an unmarried...

22 CFR 171.32 - Request for access to records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... RECORDS TO THE PUBLIC Privacy Act Provisions § 171.32 Request for access to records. (a) Description of... individuals requesting records under the Privacy Act to ensure that records are disclosed only to the proper.... Upon presentation of documentation of the parental relationship, a parent of a minor (an unmarried...

31 CFR 321.25 - Payment and retention of definitive securities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... prohibited from accepting an image, or other copy or reproduction of the definitive security, for redemption or processing. To ensure that all transactions processed by agents are properly validated, agents... converted to an electronic image. At a minimum, the agent must retain such securities for a period of thirty...

31 CFR 321.25 - Payment and retention of definitive securities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... agent is prohibited from accepting an image, or other copy or reproduction of the definitive security, for redemption or processing. To ensure that all transactions processed by agents are properly... truncated and converted to an electronic image. At a minimum, the agent must retain such securities for a...

31 CFR 321.25 - Payment and retention of definitive securities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... prohibited from accepting an image, or other copy or reproduction of the definitive security, for redemption or processing. To ensure that all transactions processed by agents are properly validated, agents... converted to an electronic image. At a minimum, the agent must retain such securities for a period of thirty...

Physiology and Endocrinology Symposium: Alterations in uteroplacental hemodynamics during melatonin supplementation in sheep and cattle

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The efficiency of the placenta in transferring nutrients and wastes among the maternal and fetal circulations is vital to ensuring proper fetal development. This articles summarizes previous research from our laboratory examining umbilical and uterine blood flow during dietary melatonin supplementat...

46 CFR 63.25-7 - Exhaust gas boilers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... exceeds the maximum operating temperature or when the fluid/steam flowing through the heat exchanger is... water level, the control system must supply the feed water at a rate sufficient to ensure proper heat... results in inadequate heat transfer, a high temperature alarm or low flow alarm must be activated. An...

46 CFR 63.25-7 - Exhaust gas boilers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... exceeds the maximum operating temperature or when the fluid/steam flowing through the heat exchanger is... water level, the control system must supply the feed water at a rate sufficient to ensure proper heat... results in inadequate heat transfer, a high temperature alarm or low flow alarm must be activated. An...

46 CFR 63.25-7 - Exhaust gas boilers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... exceeds the maximum operating temperature or when the fluid/steam flowing through the heat exchanger is... water level, the control system must supply the feed water at a rate sufficient to ensure proper heat... results in inadequate heat transfer, a high temperature alarm or low flow alarm must be activated. An...

[Ethical issues involved in communicating to a parent of a child's disability].

PubMed

de Broca, Alain

2011-01-01

Ethics are an ever-present concern in medicine, and never more so than when it comes to announcing a child's disability. The healthcare professional must adopt an appropriate and respectful attitude in order to ensure that information that will change several lives is properly understood.

Diabetes in Combat: Effect of Military Deployment on Diabetes Mellitus in Air Force Personnel

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-06-01

interactions with other non-DoD entities. organizations , societies, conferences. etc. Part of the Form 3039 review and approval process includes a legal...before professional societies and like organizations . the 59 MOW Public Affairs Office (PAO) will provide the needed review to ensure proper disclaimers

76 FR 52352 - Proposed Renewal of Existing Collection; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-22

...)(A)]. This program helps to ensure that requested data can be provided in the desired format..., and the impact of collection requirements on respondents can be properly assessed. Currently, the...: Agreement and Undertaking (OWCP-1). A copy of the proposed information collection request can be obtained by...

77 FR 43126 - Proposed Extension of Existing Collection; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-23

...)(A)]. This program helps to ensure that requested data can be provided in the desired format..., and the impact of collection requirements on respondents can be properly assessed. Currently, the...: Provider Enrollment Form (OWCP-1168). A copy of the proposed information collection request can be obtained...

76 FR 2421 - Proposed Extension of Existing Collection; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-13

...)(A)]. This program helps to ensure that requested data can be provided in the desired format..., and the impact of collection requirements on respondents can be properly assessed. Currently, the...: Rehabilitation Plan and Award (OWCP-16). A copy of the proposed information collection request can be obtained by...

78 FR 34676 - Proposed Collection: Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-10

....C. 3506(c)(A)]. This program helps ensure that requested data can be provided in the desired format..., and the impact of collection requirements on respondents can be properly assessed. Currently, the... request can be obtained by contacting the office listed below in the address section of this notice. DATES...

40 CFR 35.3550 - Specific capitalization grant agreement requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... accounting system used for the DWSRF program must allow for proper measurement of: (1) Revenues earned and... services. (i) Use generally accepted accounting principles. A State must agree to ensure that the State and public water systems receiving assistance will use accounting, audit, and fiscal procedures conforming to...

Market-Based Coordination and Auditing Mechanisms for Self-Interested Multi-Robot Systems

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ham, MyungJoo

2009-01-01

We propose market-based coordinated task allocation mechanisms, which allocate complex tasks that require synchronized and collaborated services of multiple robot agents to robot agents, and an auditing mechanism, which ensures proper behaviors of robot agents by verifying inter-agent activities, for self-interested, fully-distributed, and…

76 FR 60030 - Information Collections Being Reviewed by the Federal Communications Commission

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-28

... Number: 3060-0161. Title: Section 73.61, AM Directional Antenna Field Strength Measurements. Form Number...). Needs and Uses: 47 CFR Section 73.61 requires that each AM station using directional antennas to make field strength measurement as often as necessary to ensure proper directional antenna system operation...

14 CFR 1216.303 - Responsibilities of NASA officials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2011-01-01 2010-01-01 true Responsibilities of NASA officials. 1216.303... Procedures for Implementing the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) § 1216.303 Responsibilities of NASA... procedures of this subpart and for ensuring that environmental factors are properly considered in all NASA...

76 FR 28917 - Medical Foster Homes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-19

... be safely and properly stored in either the original, labeled container, or in a safety can as defined by NPFA 30 (2008 edition). This is to ensure that dangerous materials are only kept in containers... containers which might increase fire risk associated with those materials. In proposed Sec. 17.74(p), we...

Five Help Desk Tips To Increase Retention Rates, Learner Satisfaction and Revenues.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Feldberg, Jeffrey

2001-01-01

Discusses the necessity of a good help desk available around the clock for students of online courses to ensure a higher retention rate. Recommends a mission that emphasizes student success as the main focus, full time employees, proper training, and short response times. (LRW)

7 CFR 623.16 - Monitoring and enforcement of easement terms and conditions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

...) NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE WATER RESOURCES EMERGENCY WETLANDS... to ensure that: (1) Structural and vegetative restoration work are properly maintained; (2) The wetlands and adjacent upland habitat of the easement area is being managed as required in the WRPO and the...

7 CFR 623.16 - Monitoring and enforcement of easement terms and conditions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

...) NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE WATER RESOURCES EMERGENCY WETLANDS... to ensure that: (1) Structural and vegetative restoration work are properly maintained; (2) The wetlands and adjacent upland habitat of the easement area is being managed as required in the WRPO and the...

78 FR 65421 - Proposed Agency Information Collection Activities; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-31

... respective comments to OMB within 30 days of publication to best ensure having their full effect. 5 CFR 1320... information collected with FRA employees, State DOT partners, and law enforcement agencies. Form Number(s... the following: Whether the proposed collection of information is necessary for the proper performance...

Plenary lecture: innovative modeling approaches applicable to risk assessments

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Proper identification of safe and unsafe food at the processing plant is important for maximizing the public health benefit of food by ensuring both its consumption and safety. Risk assessment is a holistic approach to food safety that consists of four steps: 1) hazard identification; 2) exposure a...

7 CFR 51.1218 - Mature.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Mature. 51.1218 Section 51.1218 Agriculture..., CERTIFICATION, AND STANDARDS) United States Standards for Grades of Peaches Definitions § 51.1218 Mature. “Mature” means that the peach has reached the stage of growth which will ensure a proper completion of the...

7 CFR 51.1218 - Mature.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Mature. 51.1218 Section 51.1218 Agriculture..., CERTIFICATION, AND STANDARDS) United States Standards for Grades of Peaches Definitions § 51.1218 Mature. “Mature” means that the peach has reached the stage of growth which will ensure a proper completion of the...

78 FR 7385 - Western Pacific Fisheries; Fishing in the Marianas Trench, Pacific Remote Islands, and Rose Atoll...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-01

... preserve these submerged lands, waters, and marine resources, which are biologically diverse, contain sites... ensure proper care and management of the monument, including allowing for traditional indigenous fishing... indigenous fishing practices. To manage fisheries in the monuments consistent with the Proclamations, the...

RCT: 2.02 Communication Systems, Course #33339

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hillmer, Kurt T.

This unit will present an overview of communication systems at LANL. Good communication skills are essential to an RCT. RCTs should develop an ability to communicate, using both verbal and nonverbal media. These skills will ensure that important information is transmitted to the proper individuals in a clear and concise manner.

78 FR 23816 - Agency Information Collection Activity Under OMB Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-22

... intention to request the Office of Management and Budget's (OMB) approval of the following new information... eligibility of applicants and ensure the proper and timely expenditure of federal funds within the scope of..., Office of Management Planning, (202) 366-2295. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Title: 49 U.S.C. Section--5307...

Land application of organic residuals: Public health threat or environmental benefit

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Waste residuals consist of manure and biosolids produced by concentrated animal feeding operations and municipal waste water treatment plants. All wastes need to be disposed of in a proper manner, protecting public and environmental health, but also in a sustainable fashion to ensure that no system...

14 CFR 135.23 - Manual contents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... packages that are marked or labeled as containing hazardous materials or that show signs of containing... packages that do not conform to the Hazardous Materials Regulations in 49 CFR parts 171 through 180 or that... information to ensure the following: (A) That packages containing hazardous materials are properly offered and...

7 CFR 1940.317 - Methods for ensuring proper implementation of categorical exclusions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM... or archeological site; (6) Critical Habitat or Endangered/Threatened Species (listed or proposed)—the proposed action: (i) Contain a critical habitat within the project site, (ii) Is adjacent to a critical...

Meiosis.

PubMed

Hillers, Kenneth J; Jantsch, Verena; Martinez-Perez, Enrique; Yanowitz, Judith L

2017-05-04

Sexual reproduction requires the production of haploid gametes (sperm and egg) with only one copy of each chromosome; fertilization then restores the diploid chromosome content in the next generation. This reduction in genetic content is accomplished during a specialized cell division called meiosis, in which two rounds of chromosome segregation follow a single round of DNA replication. In preparation for the first meiotic division, homologous chromosomes pair and synapse, creating a context that promotes formation of crossover recombination events. These crossovers, in conjunction with sister chromatid cohesion, serve to connect the two homologs and facilitate their segregation to opposite poles during the first meiotic division. During the second meiotic division, which is similar to mitosis, sister chromatids separate; the resultant products are haploid cells that become gametes. In Caenorhabditis elegans (and most other eukaryotes) homologous pairing and recombination are required for proper chromosome inheritance during meiosis; accordingly, the events of meiosis are tightly coordinated to ensure the proper execution of these events. In this chapter, we review the seminal events of meiosis: pairing of homologous chromosomes, the changes in chromosome structure that chromosomes undergo during meiosis, the events of meiotic recombination, the differentiation of homologous chromosome pairs into structures optimized for proper chromosome segregation at Meiosis I, and the ultimate segregation of chromosomes during the meiotic divisions. We also review the regulatory processes that ensure the coordinated execution of these meiotic events during prophase I.

The flow of E-waste material in the Asian region and a reconsideration of international trade policies on E-waste

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Shinkuma, Takayoshi; Nguyen Thi Minh Huong

End-of-life home appliances discarded in Japan are reused in Southeast Asia; end-of-life computers are reused in China. E-waste scrap generated in Asia is recycled in China, especially in Guangdong Province. The informal sector in that province has been recycling E-waste scrap and its improper recycling methods have caused serious pollution. In response to this problem, there is wide support for a total ban on E-waste trade, including secondhand items and E-waste scrap. Alternatively, we recommend the establishment of an alternative proper recycling system in Asia that needs cooperation among all Asian countries. First, China is urged to promote proper domesticmore » recycling activities by providing a subsidy for proper recycling. Second, Japan, as a main exporter of E-waste, should establish a traceability system that ensures E-waste scrap exported from Japan will be recycled at proper recycling facilities in China.« less

[Central purchasing bodies and spending review in health sector].

PubMed

Spampinato, Luigi

2017-01-01

The aim of this paper is to analyze the new model of centralization of purchases in Italy after the approval of the 2016 Stability Law, with particular reference to the health sector. In fact, the spending review process in Italy in the health sector has had a strong evolution with the 2016 Stability Law, which has introduced the obligation for the institutions of the National Health Service to obtain supplies, exclusively, from aggregators subjects, for certain product categories of the health sector. The legislature, over the years, was mainly characterized by measures to reduce the spending limits for purchases of goods and services or by resetting the fees, including the provision of an obligation for the renegotiation of health goods and services contracts, in order to ensure the effective implementation of the expenditure rationalization by aggregation of goods and services. From 2016, the legislature has provided an innovative model of centralization of purchases based on a new network governance model on several levels, national and regional, which should ensure an efficiency of procurement processes. The proper functioning of the governance model adopted can be an important driver of economic policy in order to understand that it is important not only to spend less, but to spend better. This can be realized in the public administration with a strong innovation process in this administration and also with a strong investment in skills, in order to ensure the same service quality throughout the national territory to the health sector.

Involvement of thiol-based mechanisms in plant development.

PubMed

Rouhier, Nicolas; Cerveau, Delphine; Couturier, Jérémy; Reichheld, Jean-Philippe; Rey, Pascal

2015-08-01

Increasing knowledge has been recently gained regarding the redox regulation of plant developmental stages. The current state of knowledge concerning the involvement of glutathione, glutaredoxins and thioredoxins in plant development is reviewed. The control of the thiol redox status is mainly ensured by glutathione (GSH), a cysteine-containing tripeptide and by reductases sharing redox-active cysteines, glutaredoxins (GRXs) and thioredoxins (TRXs). Indeed, thiol groups present in many regulatory proteins and metabolic enzymes are prone to oxidation, ultimately leading to post-translational modifications such as disulfide bond formation or glutathionylation. This review focuses on the involvement of GSH, GRXs and TRXs in plant development. Recent studies showed that the proper functioning of root and shoot apical meristems depends on glutathione content and redox status, which regulate, among others, cell cycle and hormone-related processes. A critical role of GRXs in the formation of floral organs has been uncovered, likely through the redox regulation of TGA transcription factor activity. TRXs fulfill many functions in plant development via the regulation of embryo formation, the control of cell-to-cell communication, the mobilization of seed reserves, the biogenesis of chloroplastic structures, the metabolism of carbon and the maintenance of cell redox homeostasis. This review also highlights the tight relationships between thiols, hormones and carbon metabolism, allowing a proper development of plants in relation with the varying environment and the energy availability. GSH, GRXs and TRXs play key roles during the whole plant developmental cycle via their antioxidant functions and the redox-regulation of signaling pathways. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Redox regulation of differentiation and de-differentiation. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Use of abnormal preprophase bands to decipher division plane determination

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Granger, C.; Cyr, R.

2001-01-01

Many premitotic plant cells possess a cortical preprophase band of microtubules and actin filaments that encircles the nucleus. In vacuolated cells, the preprophase band is visibly connected to the nucleus by a cytoplasmic raft of actin filaments and microtubules termed the phragmosome. Typically, the location of the preprophase band and phragmosome corresponds to, and thus is thought to influence, the location of the cell division plane. To better understand the function of the preprophase band and phragmosome in orienting division, we used a green fluorescent protein-based microtubule reporter protein to observe mitosis in living tobacco bright yellow 2 cells possessing unusual preprophase bands. Observations of mitosis in these unusual cells support the involvement of the preprophase band/phragmosome in properly positioning the preprophase nucleus, influencing spindle orientation such that the cytokinetic phragmoplast initially grows in an appropriate direction, and delineating a region in the cell cortex that attracts microtubules and directs later stages of phragmoplast growth. Thus, the preprophase band/phragmosome appears to perform several interrelated functions to orient the division plane. However, functional information associated with the preprophase band is not always used or needed and there appears to be an age or distance-dependent character to the information. Cells treated with the anti-actin drug, latrunculin B, are still able to position the preprophase nucleus suggesting that microtubules may play a dominant role in premitotic positioning. Furthermore, in treated cells, spindle location and phragmoplast insertion are frequently abnormal suggesting that actin plays a significant role in nuclear anchoring and phragmoplast guidance. Thus, the microtubule and actin components of the preprophase band/phragmosome execute complementary activities to ensure proper orientation of the division plane.

A concept analysis of nurses' grief.

PubMed

Wisekal, Ashley E

2015-10-01

The psychological and personal well-being of nurses can change the way they care for patients. If nurses' grief is not properly managed, the nursing shortage will continue to grow. Consequently, a need exists for the identification of nurses' grief and effective interventions to manage grief to ensure the successful development and growth of the nursing profession. This concept analysis sought to properly define nurses' grief and the role it plays in the day-to-day requirements of nurses. A review of the literature was conducted using CINAHL®, BioMed, EBSCOhost, and MEDLINE® and the following key words. Nurses' grief must be incorporated into the nursing curriculum and addressed by employers. In particular, facility leaders should help promote a healthy work environment and address the need for proper grief management. Educators, managers, and nurses can benefit from acknowledging the current gap in managing nurses' grief.

Scientific uses of animals: harm-benefit analysis and complementary approaches to implementing the three Rs.

PubMed

Griffin, G; Clark, J MacArthur; Zurlo, J; Ritskes-Hoitinga, M

2014-04-01

The principles of humane experimental technique, first described by Russell and Burch in 1959, focus on minimising suffering to animals used for scientific purposes. Internationally, as these principles became embedded in the various systems of oversight for the use of animals in science, attention focused on how to minimise pain, distress and lasting harm to animals while maximising the benefits to be obtained from the work. Suffering can arise from the experimental procedures, but it can also arise from the manner in which the animals are housed and cared for. Increased attention is therefore being paid to the entire lifetime experience of an animal, in order to afford it as good a quality of life as possible. Russell and Burch were also concerned that animals should not be used if alternatives to such use were available, and that animals were not wasted through poor-quality science. This concept is being revisited through new efforts to ensure that experiments are well designed and properly reported in the literature, that all results--positive, negative or neutral--are made available to ensure a complete research record, and that animal models are properly evaluated through periodic systematic reviews. These efforts should ensure that animal use is truly reduced as far as possible and that the benefits derived through the use of animals truly outweigh the harms.

Nuclear lamina builds tissues from the stem cell niche.

PubMed

Chen, Haiyang; Zheng, Yixian

2014-01-01

Recent studies show that nuclear lamins, the type V intermediate filament proteins, are required for proper building of at least some organs. As the major structural components of the nuclear lamina found underneath the inner nuclear membranes, lamins are ubiquitously expressed in all animal cells. How the broadly expressed lamins support the building of specific tissues is not understood. By studying Drosophila testis, we have uncovered a mechanism by which lamin-B functions in the cyst stem cell (CySC) and its differentiated cyst cell, the cell types known to form the niche/microenvironment for the germline stem cells (GSC) and the developing germ line, to ensure testis organogenesis (1). In this extra view, we discuss some remaining questions and the implications of our findings in the understanding of how the ubiquitous nuclear lamina regulates tissue building in a context-dependent manner.

Study of alloy disorder in quantum dots through multi-million atom simulations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kilmeck, Gerhard; Oyafuso, Fabiano; Boykin, T. B.; Bowen, R. C.; von Allmen, Paul A.

2003-01-01

A tight binding model which includes s, p, d, s orbitals is used to examine the electronic structures of an ensemble of dome-shaped In0.6 Ga0.4 As quantum dots. Given ensembles of identically sized quantum dots, variations in composition and configuration yield a linewidth broadening of less than 0.35 meV, much smaller than the total broadening determined from photoluminescence experiments. It is also found that the computed disorder-induced broadening is very sensitive to the applied boundary conditions, so that care must be taken to ensure proper convergence of the numerical results. Examination of local eigenenergies as functions of position shows similar convergence problems and indicates that an inaccurate resolution of the equilibrium atomic positions due to truncation of the simulation domain may be the source of the slow ground state convergence.

VINCI: the VLT Interferometer commissioning instrument

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kervella, Pierre; Coudé du Foresto, Vincent; Glindemann, Andreas; Hofmann, Reiner

2000-07-01

The Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI) is a complex system, made of a large number of separated elements. To prepare an early successful operation, it will require a period of extensive testing and verification to ensure that the many devices involved work properly together, and can produce meaningful data. This paper describes the concept chosen for the VLTI commissioning instrument, LEONARDO da VINCI, and details its functionalities. It is a fiber based two-way beam combiner, associated with an artificial star and an alignment verification unit. The technical commissioning of the VLTI is foreseen as a stepwise process: fringes will first be obtained with the commissioning instrument in an autonomous mode (no other parts of the VLTI involved); then the VLTI telescopes and optical trains will be tested in autocollimation; finally fringes will be observed on the sky.

Constellation Program Human-System Integration Requirements. Revision E, Nov. 19, 2010

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dory, Jonathan

2010-01-01

The Human-Systems Integration Requirements (HSIR) in this document drive the design of space vehicles, their systems, and equipment with which humans interface in the Constellation Program (CxP). These requirements ensure that the design of Constellation (Cx) systems is centered on the needs, capabilities, and limitations of the human. The HSIR provides requirements to ensure proper integration of human-to-system interfaces. These requirements apply to all mission phases, including pre-launch, ascent, Earth orbit, trans-lunar flight, lunar orbit, lunar landing, lunar ascent, Earth return, Earth entry, Earth landing, post-landing, and recovery. The Constellation Program must meet NASA's Agency-level human rating requirements, which are intended to ensure crew survival without permanent disability. The HSIR provides a key mechanism for achieving human rating of Constellation systems.

Spatial and functional modeling of carnivore and insectivore molariform teeth.

PubMed

Evans, Alistair R; Sanson, Gordon D

2006-06-01

The interaction between the two main competing geometric determinants of teeth (the geometry of function and the geometry of occlusion) were investigated through the construction of three-dimensional spatial models of several mammalian tooth forms (carnassial, insectivore premolar, zalambdodont, dilambdodont, and tribosphenic). These models aim to emulate the shape and function of mammalian teeth. The geometric principles of occlusion relating to single- and double-crested teeth are reviewed. Function was considered using engineering principles that relate tooth shape to function. Substantial similarity between the models and mammalian teeth were achieved. Differences between the two indicate the influence of tooth strength, geometric relations between upper and lower teeth (including the presence of the protocone), and wear on tooth morphology. The concept of "autocclusion" is expanded to include any morphological features that ensure proper alignment of cusps on the same tooth and other teeth in the tooth row. It is concluded that the tooth forms examined are auto-aligning, and do not require additional morphological guides for correct alignment. The model of therian molars constructed by Crompton and Sita-Lumsden ([1970] Nature 227:197-199) is reconstructed in 3D space to show that their hypothesis of crest geometry is erroneous, and that their model is a special case of a more general class of models. (c) 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Writing Titles in Science: An Exploratory Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Soler, Viviana

2007-01-01

To prevent a paper from being discarded and ensure that it addresses the right audience, it must have a proper title that satisfies certain requirements. Writing the titles to scientific articles is therefore a challenging exercise that demands the use of various skills. Still, although the research paper is one of the most thoroughly studied…

40 CFR 112.6 - Qualified Facilities Plan Requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Self-Certification of the Plan. If you are an owner or operator of a facility that meets the Tier I... unloading equipment, tank overflow, rupture, or leakage, or any other equipment known to be a source of... the system or procedure in the SPCC Plan and regularly test to ensure proper operation or efficacy. (b...

40 CFR 112.6 - Qualified Facilities Plan Requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Self-Certification of the Plan. If you are an owner or operator of a facility that meets the Tier I... unloading equipment, tank overflow, rupture, or leakage, or any other equipment known to be a source of... the system or procedure in the SPCC Plan and regularly test to ensure proper operation or efficacy. (b...

40 CFR 112.6 - Qualified Facilities Plan Requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Self-Certification of the Plan. If you are an owner or operator of a facility that meets the Tier I... unloading equipment, tank overflow, rupture, or leakage, or any other equipment known to be a source of... the system or procedure in the SPCC Plan and regularly test to ensure proper operation or efficacy. (b...

40 CFR 112.6 - Qualified Facilities Plan Requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Self-Certification of the Plan. If you are an owner or operator of a facility that meets the Tier I... unloading equipment, tank overflow, rupture, or leakage, or any other equipment known to be a source of... the system or procedure in the SPCC Plan and regularly test to ensure proper operation or efficacy. (b...

40 CFR 112.6 - Qualified Facilities Plan Requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Self-Certification of the Plan. If you are an owner or operator of a facility that meets the Tier I... unloading equipment, tank overflow, rupture, or leakage, or any other equipment known to be a source of... the system or procedure in the SPCC Plan and regularly test to ensure proper operation or efficacy. (b...

Managing and Collecting Student Accounts and Loans: A Desk Reference for Educational Receivables Stewardship

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Glezerman, David R.; DeSantis, Dennis

2008-01-01

This handy desk reference will help readers and their institutions develop and maintain a professional environment that will maximize efficiencies and provide the necessary skills to properly manage operations and portfolios while ensuring that students receive fair and equitable service and opportunities. Written for business officers, financial…

49 CFR 571.225 - Standard No. 225; Child restraint anchorage systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... N of preload prior to the test. The strap is fitted at one end with a high strength steel tether... systems to ensure their proper location and strength for the effective securing of child restraints, to... manufactured on or after September 1, 1999, shall comply with the configuration, location, marking and strength...

78 FR 20695 - Walk-Through Metal Detectors and Hand-Held Metal Detectors Test Method Validation

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-05

... Detectors and Hand-Held Metal Detectors Test Method Validation AGENCY: National Institute of Justice, DOJ... ensure that the test methods in the standards are properly documented, NIJ is requesting proposals (including price quotes) for test method validation efforts from testing laboratories. NIJ is also seeking...

30 CFR 282.5 - Disclosure of data and information to the public.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... public. 282.5 Section 282.5 Mineral Resources BUREAU OF OCEAN ENERGY MANAGEMENT, REGULATION, AND... unitization of operations on two or more leases, to ensure proper Mining Plans for a common orebody, or to... the affected lease(s), unitization agreement, or joint Mining Plan. (c) Geophysical data, processed...

46 CFR 42.15-55 - Cargo ports and other similar openings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... be fitted with doors so designed as to ensure watertightness and structural integrity commensurate... shall be subject to tightness tests at the initial survey and at such subsequent surveys or more... the design and proper working of the vessel. (b) Unless permitted by the Commandant the lower edge of...

46 CFR 42.15-55 - Cargo ports and other similar openings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... be fitted with doors so designed as to ensure watertightness and structural integrity commensurate... shall be subject to tightness tests at the initial survey and at such subsequent surveys or more... the design and proper working of the vessel. (b) Unless permitted by the Commandant the lower edge of...

46 CFR 42.15-55 - Cargo ports and other similar openings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... be fitted with doors so designed as to ensure watertightness and structural integrity commensurate... shall be subject to tightness tests at the initial survey and at such subsequent surveys or more... the design and proper working of the vessel. (b) Unless permitted by the Commandant the lower edge of...

46 CFR 42.15-55 - Cargo ports and other similar openings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... be fitted with doors so designed as to ensure watertightness and structural integrity commensurate... shall be subject to tightness tests at the initial survey and at such subsequent surveys or more... the design and proper working of the vessel. (b) Unless permitted by the Commandant the lower edge of...

46 CFR 42.15-55 - Cargo ports and other similar openings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... be fitted with doors so designed as to ensure watertightness and structural integrity commensurate... shall be subject to tightness tests at the initial survey and at such subsequent surveys or more... the design and proper working of the vessel. (b) Unless permitted by the Commandant the lower edge of...

WORK SAFETY CONDITIONS WITH CLOSED RADIATION SOURCES (in Polish)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Brosziewicz, R.

1963-01-01

A discussion is presented of principles of radiological protection observed in the Radiation Chemistry Dept. of the Nuclear Research Inst., during operation of large sources of ionizing radiation. It has been revealed that a properly designed servicing system of these sources ensures full protection of personnel even with not fully protected sources. (auth)

Millennials Invading: Building Training for Today's Admissions Counselors

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Barnds, W. Kent

2009-01-01

As chief admissions officer at two small colleges, the author has been responsible, in part, for ensuring that entry-level admissions counselors are trained properly. He learned through trial and error, and has adapted his methods to be increasingly sensitive to the learning curve of new employees. His thoughts about training new admissions…

32 CFR 1701.7 - Requests for notification of and access to records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... THE DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE ADMINISTRATION OF RECORDS UNDER THE PRIVACY ACT OF 1974 Protection of Privacy and Access to Individual Records Under the Privacy Act of 1974 § 1701.7 Requests for... the specific Privacy Act System of Records Notice. To ensure proper routing and tracking, requesters...

49 CFR 236.1015 - PTC Safety Plan content requirements and PTC System Certification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... established and can maintain a quality control system for PTC system design and manufacturing acceptable to... an explanation of the design principles and assumptions; (3) A risk assessment of the as-built PTC... the specific procedures and test equipment necessary to ensure the safe and proper installation...

41 CFR 101-25.107 - Guidelines for requisitioning and proper use of consumable or low cost items.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... are not considered inventory) are subject to accounting and inventory record controls in accordance with applicable provisions of law and the principles and standards prescribed by the General Accounting... to officials at a responsible supervisory level to ensure that supply requirements are justified on...

7 CFR 1940.317 - Methods for ensuring proper implementation of categorical exclusions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... under consideration; and (14) State Water Quality Standard—the proposed action would impair a water... (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM... identified in § 1940.310(b)(8), for farm programs exclusions listed in § 1940.310(d)(2) and (3), and for...

47 CFR 95.424 - (CB Rule 24) How do I have my CB station transmitter serviced?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... transmitter serviced? 95.424 Section 95.424 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED... maintenance as often as may be necessary to ensure proper operation. You must have all internal repairs or internal adjustments to your CB transmitter made in accordance with the Technical Regulations (see subpart...

76 FR 53966 - Proposed Renewal of Existing Collection; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-30

....C. 3506(c)(2)(A)]. This program helps to ensure that requested data can be provided in the desired... understood, and the impact of collection requirements on respondents can be properly assessed. Currently, the...: Certification of Medical Necessity (CM-893). A copy of the proposed information collection request can be...

76 FR 3677 - National Endowment for the Arts; Proposed Collection: Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-20

....C. 3506(c)(A)]. This program helps ensure that requested data can be provided in the desired format..., and the impact of collection requirements on respondents can be properly assessed. Currently, the... request can be obtained by contacting the office listed below in the address section of this notice. DATES...

75 FR 20627 - National Endowment for the Arts; Proposed Collection: Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-20

....C. 3506(c)(A)]. This program helps ensure that requested data can be provided in the desired format..., and the impact of collection requirements on respondents can be properly assessed. Currently, the... request can be obtained by contacting the office listed below in the address section of this notice. DATES...

78 FR 12364 - Proposed Extension of Existing Collection; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-22

....C. 3506(c)(2)(A)]. This program helps to ensure that requested data can be provided in the desired... understood, and the impact of collection requirements on respondents can be properly assessed. Currently, the... information collection request can be obtained by contacting the office listed below in the addresses section...

76 FR 45881 - National Endowment for the Arts; Proposed Collection; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-01

... (PRA95) [44 U.S.C. 3506(c)(A)]. This program helps to ensure that requested data can be provided in the... clearly understood, and the impact of collection requirements on respondents can be properly assessed... the current information collection request can be obtained by contacting the office listed below in...

76 FR 14995 - Comment Request for Information Collection for Work-Flex Plan Submission and Reporting...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-18

... ensure that requested data can be provided in the desired format, reporting burden (time and financial... requirements on respondents can be properly assessed. Currently, the Employment and Training Administration is... Requirements. A copy of the proposed information collection request (ICR) can be obtained by contacting the...

76 FR 49510 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-10

... Act of 1995 (PRA95) [44 U.S.C. 3506(c)(A)]. This program helps to ensure that requested data can be... instruments are clearly understood, and the impact of collection requirements on respondents can be properly.... A copy of the current information collection request can be obtained by contacting the office listed...

78 FR 26399 - National Endowment for the Arts; Proposed Collection, Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-06

... (PRA95) [44 U.S.C. 3506(c)(A)]. This program helps to ensure that requested data can be provided in the... clearly understood, and the impact of collection requirements on respondents can be properly assessed... Arts Agencies (LAAs). A copy of the current information collection request can be obtained by...

Quick-Reaction Report on DoD Support for the 1996 Paralympics and Centennial Olympic Games

DTIC Science & Technology

1996-06-28

regarding DoD support of the 1996 Olympic and Paralympic Games . The audit was requested to help ensure that DoD maintains proper controls over funding and...logistical support to the Games . The report addresses the disposition of reimbursement for services supporting the Olympic Games and the negative

40 CFR 62.14470 - When must I comply with this subpart if I plan to continue operation of my HMIWI?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... FOR DESIGNATED FACILITIES AND POLLUTANTS Federal Plan Requirements for Hospital/Medical/Infectious... air pollution control equipment or process changes such that the HMIWI is brought on line, and ensuring that all necessary process changes and air pollution control equipment are operating properly. (3...

40 CFR 62.14470 - When must I comply with this subpart if I plan to continue operation of my HMIWI?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... FOR DESIGNATED FACILITIES AND POLLUTANTS Federal Plan Requirements for Hospital/Medical/Infectious... air pollution control equipment or process changes such that the HMIWI is brought on line, and ensuring that all necessary process changes and air pollution control equipment are operating properly. (3...

77 FR 63329 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Submitted for Office of Management and Budget Review...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-16

... into the ONRR financial accounting system that includes royalty, rental, bonus, and other payment information; sales volumes and values; and other royalty values. ONRR uses the accounting system to compare... ICR to ensure that companies properly pay royalties based on accurate production accounting on oil...

78 FR 35179 - Negotiated Rulemaking Committee, Negotiator Nominations and Schedule of Committee Meetings-Title...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-12

... title IV Federal Student Aid programs; regulations designed to prevent fraud; State authorization for... Against Women Reauthorization Act of 2013 to the campus safety and security reporting requirements in the... regulations designed to prevent fraud and otherwise ensure proper use of title IV Federal Student Aid program...

30 CFR 250.430 - When must I install a diverter system?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... INTERIOR OFFSHORE OIL AND GAS AND SULPHUR OPERATIONS IN THE OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF Oil and Gas Drilling... diverter system before you drill a conductor or surface hole. The diverter system consists of a diverter... the diverter system to ensure proper diversion of gases, water, drilling fluid, and other materials...

30 CFR 250.430 - When must I install a diverter system?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... INTERIOR OFFSHORE OIL AND GAS AND SULPHUR OPERATIONS IN THE OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF Oil and Gas Drilling... diverter system before you drill a conductor or surface hole. The diverter system consists of a diverter... the diverter system to ensure proper diversion of gases, water, drilling fluid, and other materials...

30 CFR 250.430 - When must I install a diverter system?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... INTERIOR OFFSHORE OIL AND GAS AND SULPHUR OPERATIONS IN THE OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF Oil and Gas Drilling... diverter system before you drill a conductor or surface hole. The diverter system consists of a diverter... the diverter system to ensure proper diversion of gases, water, drilling fluid, and other materials...

76 FR 75880 - Information Collections Being Submitted for Review and Approval to the Office of Management and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-05

...: 3060-0161. Title: Section 73.61, AM Directional Antenna Field Strength Measurements. Form Number: N/A... CFR 73.61 requires that each AM station using directional antennas to make field strength measurement as often as necessary to ensure proper directional antenna system operation. Stations not having...

More Than a Matter of Taste: Ensuring Students Eat Right

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ford, Sandra

2013-01-01

Studies have substantiated the link between proper nutrition and success in the classroom and beyond. Research has also found that eating breakfast is associated with improved classroom behavior and higher math, reading, and standardized test scores. Manatee County, Florida offers free breakfast to all students in 14 schools. Many students arrive…

32 CFR 1701.7 - Requests for notification of and access to records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... the specific Privacy Act System of Records Notice. To ensure proper routing and tracking, requesters... are not subject to review by subject individuals: (1) Records in ODNI systems of records that ODNI has... existence or nonexistence of responsive records (see § 1701.10(c)(iii)). (2) Records in ODNI systems of...

40 CFR 63.11621 - What are the standards for new and existing prepared feeds manufacturing facilities?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... develop and follow standard operating procedures that ensure proper operation and maintenance of the... manufacturer's specifications are not available, you must develop and follow standard maintenance and operating... 40 Protection of Environment 15 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false What are the standards for new and...

The potential influence of privatization on quality tourism

Treesearch

Rebecca L. Riedl; Hans Vogelsong

2003-01-01

Increases in travel and tourism are leading to the destruction and degradation of many of our most pristine natural resources. Privatization, if utilized properly, can prevent these tourist generating destinations from mayhem. Privatization will ensure the quality of a travel experience as well as maintain the beauty and preservation of a destination. Traditionally,...

47 CFR 80.1073 - Radio operator requirements for ship stations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Radio operator requirements for ship stations...) General Provisions § 80.1073 Radio operator requirements for ship stations. (a) Ships must carry at least... required by § 80.1123 are properly maintained; and (6) Responsible for ensuring that the ship's navigation...

47 CFR 80.1073 - Radio operator requirements for ship stations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 5 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Radio operator requirements for ship stations...) General Provisions § 80.1073 Radio operator requirements for ship stations. (a) Ships must carry at least... required by § 80.1123 are properly maintained; and (6) Responsible for ensuring that the ship's navigation...

47 CFR 80.1073 - Radio operator requirements for ship stations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Radio operator requirements for ship stations...) General Provisions § 80.1073 Radio operator requirements for ship stations. (a) Ships must carry at least... required by § 80.1123 are properly maintained; and (6) Responsible for ensuring that the ship's navigation...

47 CFR 80.1073 - Radio operator requirements for ship stations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Radio operator requirements for ship stations...) General Provisions § 80.1073 Radio operator requirements for ship stations. (a) Ships must carry at least... required by § 80.1123 are properly maintained; and (6) Responsible for ensuring that the ship's navigation...

Health and performance monitoring of the online computer cluster of CMS

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bauer, G.; et al.

2012-01-01

The CMS experiment at the LHC features over 2'500 devices that need constant monitoring in order to ensure proper data taking. The monitoring solution has been migrated from Nagios to Icinga, with several useful plugins. The motivations behind the migration and the selection of the plugins are discussed.

Guidelines for the Use of Clozapine in Individuals with Developmental Disabilities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sabaawi, Mohamed; Singh, Nirbhay N.; de Leon, Jose

2006-01-01

Clozapine is the most effective antipsychotic medication currently in use, but there has been a paucity of well-controlled research on its efficacy with people with developmental disabilities. We present a set of guidelines to ensure proper utilization of clozapine in individuals with developmental disabilities, because it can offer them…

77 FR 55768 - Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing Company Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-11

... prompted by a report that during a test of the oxygen system, an operator found that the passenger oxygen masks did not properly flow oxygen, and that a loud noise occurred in the overhead area, which was... airplane oxygen system to ensure clamshell couplers are installed and fully latched, and corrective actions...

78 FR 23110 - Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing Company Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-18

... that during a test of the oxygen system, an operator found that the passenger oxygen masks did not properly flow oxygen, and that a loud noise occurred in the overhead area, which was caused by the flex... airplanes, performing a detailed inspection of certain areas of the airplane oxygen system to ensure...

The English Language Learner Variable in Research: One Definition Is Not Enough

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Debossu, Stephanie C.

2015-01-01

Properly defining a population ensures that resources, such as funding and access, meet the needs, expectations, and intended outcomes for those represented. Ethical concerns arise when a target population, such as the English Language Learner population, is defined in numerous yet incomplete ways, and differently in research and in state policies…

Report: Quick Reaction Report: EPA Should Ensure Positions Vacated Under Buyouts Are Eliminated or Properly Filled

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Report #15-P-0184, July 14, 2015.The EPA paid staff up to $25,000 each to voluntarily separate from federal employment, but in some cases replaced them without modifying the positions. The EPA needs to improve its controls over this in light of the current

Vulvovaginitis and diabetes.

PubMed

Kalra, Bharti; Kalra, Sanjay

2017-01-01

Vulvovaginitis is a commonly encountered comorbid condition of diabetes, and is linked to poor glycaemic control. Proper, timely diagnosis and management is necessary to ensure optimal perineal/genital and metabolic health. Knowledge of current guidelines and recommendations helps in achieving this goal. This review describes the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, differential diagnosis, management and prevention of VV in diabetes.

The ULT1 and ULT2 trxG genes play overlapping roles in Arabidopsis development and gene regulation

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The epigenetic regulation of gene expression is critical for ensuring the proper deployment and stability of defined genome transcription programs at specific developmental stages. The cellular memory of stable gene expression states during animal and plant development is mediated by the opposing ac...

Application of voltage oriented control technique in a fully renewable, wind powered, autonomous system with storage capabilities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kondylis, Georgios P.; Vokas, Georgios A.; Anastasiadis, Anestis G.; Konstantinopoulos, Stavros A.

2017-02-01

The main purpose of this paper is to examine the technological feasibility of a small autonomous network, with electricity storage capability, which is completely electrified by wind energy. The excess energy produced, with respect to the load requirements, is sent to the batteries for storage. When the energy produced by the wind generator is not sufficient, load's energy requirement is covered by the battery system, ensuring, however, that voltage, frequency and other system characteristics are within the proper boundaries. For the purpose of this study, a Voltage Oriented Control system has been developed in order to monitor the autonomous operation and perform the energy management of the network. This system manages the power flows between the load and the storage system by properly controlling the Pulse Width Modulation pulses in the converter, thus ensuring power flows are adequate and frequency remains under control. The experimental results clearly indicate that a stand-alone wind energy system based on battery energy storage system is feasible and reliable. This paves the way for fully renewable and zero emission energy schemes.

Tubal factor infertility in Benin City, Nigeria - sociodemographics of patients and aetiopathogenic factors.

PubMed

Umeora, O U J; Mbazor, J O; Okpere, E E

2007-04-01

In Africa, infertility constitutes a major gynaecological complaint and causes enormous socio-psychological stress to the patients. This study examined retrospective data at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria, over a 5-year period to determine the factors associated with tubal infertility. Tubal infertility was confirmed in 13.5% of the 1181 new cases of infertility over the study period. The mean age of the patients was 33.2+/-9.5 years. Over 65% were nulliparous and all socioeconomic classes were affected. Major associated factors included infections such as post-abortal sepsis, puerperal sepsis and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Infertility is largely preventable. Attention should be focused on reducing the incidence of unsafe abortion and its consequences, providing clean and safe delivery as well as reducing the incidence of and ensuring proper treatment of any cases of PID. Infertility is largely preventable. Attention should be focused on reducing the incidence of unsafe abortion and its consequences, providing clean and safe delivery as well as reducing the incidence of and ensuring proper treatment of any cases of PID.

Mitochondrial Chaperones in the Brain: Safeguarding Brain Health and Metabolism?

PubMed

Castro, José Pedro; Wardelmann, Kristina; Grune, Tilman; Kleinridders, André

2018-01-01

The brain orchestrates organ function and regulates whole body metabolism by the concerted action of neurons and glia cells in the central nervous system. To do so, the brain has tremendously high energy consumption and relies mainly on glucose utilization and mitochondrial function in order to exert its function. As a consequence of high rate metabolism, mitochondria in the brain accumulate errors over time, such as mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations, reactive oxygen species, and misfolded and aggregated proteins. Thus, mitochondria need to employ specific mechanisms to avoid or ameliorate the rise of damaged proteins that contribute to aberrant mitochondrial function and oxidative stress. To maintain mitochondria homeostasis (mitostasis), cells evolved molecular chaperones that shuttle, refold, or in coordination with proteolytic systems, help to maintain a low steady-state level of misfolded/aggregated proteins. Their importance is exemplified by the occurrence of various brain diseases which exhibit reduced action of chaperones. Chaperone loss (expression and/or function) has been observed during aging, metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's (AD), Parkinson's (PD) or even Huntington's (HD) diseases, where the accumulation of damage proteins is evidenced. Within this perspective, we propose that proper brain function is maintained by the joint action of mitochondrial chaperones to ensure and maintain mitostasis contributing to brain health, and that upon failure, alter brain function which can cause metabolic diseases.

Female Meiosis: Synapsis, Recombination, and Segregation in Drosophila melanogaster

PubMed Central

Hughes, Stacie E.; Miller, Danny E.; Miller, Angela L.; Hawley, R. Scott

2018-01-01

A century of genetic studies of the meiotic process in Drosophila melanogaster females has been greatly augmented by both modern molecular biology and major advances in cytology. These approaches, and the findings they have allowed, are the subject of this review. Specifically, these efforts have revealed that meiotic pairing in Drosophila females is not an extension of somatic pairing, but rather occurs by a poorly understood process during premeiotic mitoses. This process of meiotic pairing requires the function of several components of the synaptonemal complex (SC). When fully assembled, the SC also plays a critical role in maintaining homolog synapsis and in facilitating the maturation of double-strand breaks (DSBs) into mature crossover (CO) events. Considerable progress has been made in elucidating not only the structure, function, and assembly of the SC, but also the proteins that facilitate the formation and repair of DSBs into both COs and noncrossovers (NCOs). The events that control the decision to mature a DSB as either a CO or an NCO, as well as determining which of the two CO pathways (class I or class II) might be employed, are also being characterized by genetic and genomic approaches. These advances allow a reconsideration of meiotic phenomena such as interference and the centromere effect, which were previously described only by genetic studies. In delineating the mechanisms by which the oocyte controls the number and position of COs, it becomes possible to understand the role of CO position in ensuring the proper orientation of homologs on the first meiotic spindle. Studies of bivalent orientation have occurred in the context of numerous investigations into the assembly, structure, and function of the first meiotic spindle. Additionally, studies have examined the mechanisms ensuring the segregation of chromosomes that have failed to undergo crossing over. PMID:29487146

Drosophila small heat shock protein CryAB ensures structural integrity of developing muscles, and proper muscle and heart performance.

PubMed

Wójtowicz, Inga; Jabłońska, Jadwiga; Zmojdzian, Monika; Taghli-Lamallem, Ouarda; Renaud, Yoan; Junion, Guillaume; Daczewska, Malgorzata; Huelsmann, Sven; Jagla, Krzysztof; Jagla, Teresa

2015-03-01

Molecular chaperones, such as the small heat shock proteins (sHsps), maintain normal cellular function by controlling protein homeostasis in stress conditions. However, sHsps are not only activated in response to environmental insults, but also exert developmental and tissue-specific functions that are much less known. Here, we show that during normal development the Drosophila sHsp CryAB [L(2)efl] is specifically expressed in larval body wall muscles and accumulates at the level of Z-bands and around myonuclei. CryAB features a conserved actin-binding domain and, when attenuated, leads to clustering of myonuclei and an altered pattern of sarcomeric actin and the Z-band-associated actin crosslinker Cheerio (filamin). Our data suggest that CryAB and Cheerio form a complex essential for muscle integrity: CryAB colocalizes with Cheerio and, as revealed by mass spectrometry and co-immunoprecipitation experiments, binds to Cheerio, and the muscle-specific attenuation of cheerio leads to CryAB-like sarcomeric phenotypes. Furthermore, muscle-targeted expression of CryAB(R120G), which carries a mutation associated with desmin-related myopathy (DRM), results in an altered sarcomeric actin pattern, in affected myofibrillar integrity and in Z-band breaks, leading to reduced muscle performance and to marked cardiac arrhythmia. Taken together, we demonstrate that CryAB ensures myofibrillar integrity in Drosophila muscles during development and propose that it does so by interacting with the actin crosslinker Cheerio. The evidence that a DRM-causing mutation affects CryAB muscle function and leads to DRM-like phenotypes in the fly reveals a conserved stress-independent role of CryAB in maintaining muscle cell cytoarchitecture. © 2015. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd.

Reliable Adaptive Data Aggregation Route Strategy for a Trade-off between Energy and Lifetime in WSNs

PubMed Central

Guo, Wenzhong; Hong, Wei; Zhang, Bin; Chen, Yuzhong; Xiong, Naixue

2014-01-01

Mobile security is one of the most fundamental problems in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). The data transmission path will be compromised for some disabled nodes. To construct a secure and reliable network, designing an adaptive route strategy which optimizes energy consumption and network lifetime of the aggregation cost is of great importance. In this paper, we address the reliable data aggregation route problem for WSNs. Firstly, to ensure nodes work properly, we propose a data aggregation route algorithm which improves the energy efficiency in the WSN. The construction process achieved through discrete particle swarm optimization (DPSO) saves node energy costs. Then, to balance the network load and establish a reliable network, an adaptive route algorithm with the minimal energy and the maximum lifetime is proposed. Since it is a non-linear constrained multi-objective optimization problem, in this paper we propose a DPSO with the multi-objective fitness function combined with the phenotype sharing function and penalty function to find available routes. Experimental results show that compared with other tree routing algorithms our algorithm can effectively reduce energy consumption and trade off energy consumption and network lifetime. PMID:25215944

Animal models in epigenetic research: institutional animal care and use committee considerations across the lifespan.

PubMed

Harris, Craig

2012-01-01

The rapid expansion and evolution of epigenetics as a core scientific discipline have raised new questions about how endogenous and environmental factors can inform the mechanisms through which biological form and function are regulated. Existing and proposed animal models used for epigenetic research have targeted a myriad of health and disease endpoints that may be acute, chronic, and transgenerational in nature. Initiating events and outcomes may extend across the entire lifespan to elicit unanticipated phenotypes that are of particular concern to institutional animal care and use committees (IACUCs). The dynamics and plasticity of epigenetic mechanisms produce effects and consequences that are manifest differentially within discreet spatial and temporal contexts, including prenatal development, stem cells, assisted reproductive technologies, production of sexual dimorphisms, senescence, and others. Many dietary and nutritional interventions have also been shown to have a significant impact on biological functions and disease susceptibilities through altered epigenetic programming. The environmental, chemical, toxic, therapeutic, and psychosocial stressors used in animal studies to elicit epigenetic changes can become extreme and should raise IACUC concerns for the well-being and proper care of all research animals involved. Epigenetics research is rapidly becoming an integral part of the search for mechanisms in every major area of biomedical and behavioral research and will foster the continued development of new animal models. From the IACUC perspective, care must be taken to acknowledge the particular needs and concerns created by superimposition of epigenetic mechanisms over diverse fields of investigation to ensure the proper care and use of animals without impeding scientific progress.

Promotion of Bone Morphogenetic Protein Signaling by Tetraspanins and Glycosphingolipids

PubMed Central

Szymczak, Lindsey C.; Aydin, Taner; Yun, Sijung; Constas, Katharine; Schaeffer, Arielle; Ranjan, Sinthu; Kubba, Saad; Alam, Emad; McMahon, Devin E.; He, Jingpeng; Shwartz, Neta; Tian, Chenxi; Plavskin, Yevgeniy; Lindy, Amanda; Dad, Nimra Amir; Sheth, Sunny; Amin, Nirav M.; Zimmerman, Stephanie; Liu, Dennis; Schwarz, Erich M.; Smith, Harold; Krause, Michael W.; Liu, Jun

2015-01-01

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) belong to the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) superfamily of secreted molecules. BMPs play essential roles in multiple developmental and homeostatic processes in metazoans. Malfunction of the BMP pathway can cause a variety of diseases in humans, including cancer, skeletal disorders and cardiovascular diseases. Identification of factors that ensure proper spatiotemporal control of BMP signaling is critical for understanding how this pathway is regulated. We have used a unique and sensitive genetic screen to identify the plasma membrane-localized tetraspanin TSP-21 as a key new factor in the C. elegans BMP-like “Sma/Mab” signaling pathway that controls body size and postembryonic M lineage development. We showed that TSP-21 acts in the signal-receiving cells and genetically functions at the ligand-receptor level. We further showed that TSP-21 can associate with itself and with two additional tetraspanins, TSP-12 and TSP-14, which also promote Sma/Mab signaling. TSP-12 and TSP-14 can also associate with SMA-6, the type I receptor of the Sma/Mab pathway. Finally, we found that glycosphingolipids, major components of the tetraspanin-enriched microdomains, are required for Sma/Mab signaling. Our findings suggest that the tetraspanin-enriched membrane microdomains are important for proper BMP signaling. As tetraspanins have emerged as diagnostic and prognostic markers for tumor progression, and TSP-21, TSP-12 and TSP-14 are all conserved in humans, we speculate that abnormal BMP signaling due to altered expression or function of certain tetraspanins may be a contributing factor to cancer development. PMID:25978409

Beyond Gaussians: a study of single spot modeling for scanning proton dose calculation

PubMed Central

Li, Yupeng; Zhu, Ronald X.; Sahoo, Narayan; Anand, Aman; Zhang, Xiaodong

2013-01-01

Active spot scanning proton therapy is becoming increasingly adopted by proton therapy centers worldwide. Unlike passive-scattering proton therapy, active spot scanning proton therapy, especially intensity-modulated proton therapy, requires proper modeling of each scanning spot to ensure accurate computation of the total dose distribution contributed from a large number of spots. During commissioning of the spot scanning gantry at the Proton Therapy Center in Houston, it was observed that the long-range scattering protons in a medium may have been inadequately modeled for high-energy beams by a commercial treatment planning system, which could lead to incorrect prediction of field-size effects on dose output. In the present study, we developed a pencil-beam algorithm for scanning-proton dose calculation by focusing on properly modeling individual scanning spots. All modeling parameters required by the pencil-beam algorithm can be generated based solely on a few sets of measured data. We demonstrated that low-dose halos in single-spot profiles in the medium could be adequately modeled with the addition of a modified Cauchy-Lorentz distribution function to a double-Gaussian function. The field-size effects were accurately computed at all depths and field sizes for all energies, and good dose accuracy was also achieved for patient dose verification. The implementation of the proposed pencil beam algorithm also enabled us to study the importance of different modeling components and parameters at various beam energies. The results of this study may be helpful in improving dose calculation accuracy and simplifying beam commissioning and treatment planning processes for spot scanning proton therapy. PMID:22297324

Glutamate transporter GLAST controls synaptic wrapping by Bergmann glia and ensures proper wiring of Purkinje cells

PubMed Central

Miyazaki, Taisuke; Yamasaki, Miwako; Hashimoto, Kouichi; Kohda, Kazuhisa; Yuzaki, Michisuke; Shimamoto, Keiko; Tanaka, Kohichi; Kano, Masanobu; Watanabe, Masahiko

2017-01-01

Astrocytes regulate synaptic transmission through controlling neurotransmitter concentrations around synapses. Little is known, however, about their roles in neural circuit development. Here we report that Bergmann glia (BG), specialized cerebellar astrocytes that thoroughly enwrap Purkinje cells (PCs), are essential for synaptic organization in PCs through the action of the l-glutamate/l-aspartate transporter (GLAST). In GLAST-knockout mice, dendritic innervation by the main ascending climbing fiber (CF) branch was significantly weakened, whereas the transverse branch, which is thin and nonsynaptogenic in control mice, was transformed into thick and synaptogenic branches. Both types of CF branches frequently produced aberrant wiring to proximal and distal dendrites, causing multiple CF–PC innervation. Our electrophysiological analysis revealed that slow and small CF-evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) were recorded from almost all PCs in GLAST-knockout mice. These atypical CF-EPSCs were far more numerous and had significantly faster 10–90% rise time than those elicited by glutamate spillover under pharmacological blockade of glial glutamate transporters. Innervation by parallel fibers (PFs) was also affected. PF synapses were robustly increased in the entire dendritic trees, leading to impaired segregation of CF and PF territories. Furthermore, lamellate BG processes were retracted from PC dendrites and synapses, leading to the exposure of these neuronal elements to the extracellular milieus. These synaptic and glial phenotypes were reproduced in wild-type mice after functional blockade of glial glutamate transporters. These findings highlight that glutamate transporter function by GLAST on BG plays important roles in development and maintenance of proper synaptic wiring and wrapping in PCs. PMID:28655840

Cell cycle control, checkpoint mechanisms, and genotoxic stress.

PubMed Central

Shackelford, R E; Kaufmann, W K; Paules, R S

1999-01-01

The ability of cells to maintain genomic integrity is vital for cell survival and proliferation. Lack of fidelity in DNA replication and maintenance can result in deleterious mutations leading to cell death or, in multicellular organisms, cancer. The purpose of this review is to discuss the known signal transduction pathways that regulate cell cycle progression and the mechanisms cells employ to insure DNA stability in the face of genotoxic stress. In particular, we focus on mammalian cell cycle checkpoint functions, their role in maintaining DNA stability during the cell cycle following exposure to genotoxic agents, and the gene products that act in checkpoint function signal transduction cascades. Key transitions in the cell cycle are regulated by the activities of various protein kinase complexes composed of cyclin and cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) molecules. Surveillance control mechanisms that check to ensure proper completion of early events and cellular integrity before initiation of subsequent events in cell cycle progression are referred to as cell cycle checkpoints and can generate a transient delay that provides the cell more time to repair damage before progressing to the next phase of the cycle. A variety of cellular responses are elicited that function in checkpoint signaling to inhibit cyclin/Cdk activities. These responses include the p53-dependent and p53-independent induction of Cdk inhibitors and the p53-independent inhibitory phosphorylation of Cdk molecules themselves. Eliciting proper G1, S, and G2 checkpoint responses to double-strand DNA breaks requires the function of the Ataxia telangiectasia mutated gene product. Several human heritable cancer-prone syndromes known to alter DNA stability have been found to have defects in checkpoint surveillance pathways. Exposures to several common sources of genotoxic stress, including oxidative stress, ionizing radiation, UV radiation, and the genotoxic compound benzo[a]pyrene, elicit cell cycle checkpoint responses that show both similarities and differences in their molecular signaling. Images Figure 3 PMID:10229703

Histone Modification Associated with Initiation of DNA Replication | Center for Cancer Research

Cancer.gov

Before cells are able to divide, they must first duplicate their chromosomes accurately. DNA replication and packaging of DNA into chromosomes by histone proteins need to be coordinated by the cell to ensure proper transmission of genetic and epigenetic information to the next generation. Mammalian DNA replication begins at specific chromosomal sites, called replication

28 CFR 16.131 - Exemption of Department of Justice (DOJ)/Nationwide Joint Automated Booking System (JABS), DOJ-005.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... third parties, and/or jeopardize the health and/or safety of third parties. (2) From subsection (e)(1... that medical and psychiatric personnel provide information regarding the subject's behavior, physical. health, or mental stability, etc. to ensure proper care while in custody, or it may be necessary to...

Leisure Time Safety: Fun, Fun, Fun! Proceed with Caution: Consumer Safety in the Home, VI.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Saskatchewan Consumer and Commercial Affairs, Regina.

Exercising caution during recreational activities will ensure that vacations and holidays do not result in tragedy. This booklet outlines some of the activities that require caution. Proper procedures for cycling--including the use of all terrain vehicles (ATVs), roller skating, and skateboarding are illustrated. Swimming can continue to be…

Implementing Governance for a New Era: An Action Plan for Higher Education Trustees

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

American Council of Trustees and Alumni, 2014

2014-01-01

"Implementing Governance for a New Era" is an action plan to assist college and university trustees in reforming higher education. Delivered to more than 16,000 college and university trustees in November 2014, the plan provides details on how trustees properly represent the public by ensuring students receive a quality education at a…

Do You See What I See? Understanding Filipino Elderly's Needs, Benefits, and Expectations from an Adult Continuing Education Program

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Escolar Chua, Rowena L.; de Guzman, Allan B.

2014-01-01

As the elderly population increases, encouraging older adults to participate in lifelong learning has become a priority for many countries. Properly structured lifelong learning programs have consistently yielded numerous benefits to older adults; therefore, careful attention and effort should be exerted to ensure its effectiveness by involving…

Free-radicals aided combustion with scramjet applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Yang, Yongsheng; Kumar, Ramohalli

1992-01-01

Theoretical and experimental investigations aimed at altering 'nature-prescribed' combustion rates in hydrogen/hydrocarbon reactions with (enriched) air are presented. The intent is to anchor flame zones in supersonic streams, and to ensure proper and controllable complete combustion in scramjets. The diagnostics are nonintrusive through IR thermograms and acoustic emissions in the control and free-radicals altered flame zones.

Demonstration of an Enhanced Vertical Magnetic Gradient System for UXO

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-12-01

fluxgate magnetometers , data recording console, laser altimeter, and acoustic altimeters were tested to ensure proper operation and performance. The VG...Simultaneous Electromagnetic Induction and Magnetometer System WAA wide area assessment ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We wish to express our sincere...sensors. The benefits of vertical gradient (VG) configurations in magnetometer systems are common knowledge, and these configurations are routinely

77 FR 55698 - National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants From the Pulp and Paper Industry

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-11

... tests will help to ensure that control systems are maintained properly over time and a more rigorous... approach, industry is expected to save time in the performance test submittal process. Additionally this... pulping vent gas control at mills where the CCA approach would be adversely affected. Our revised cost...

78 FR 42820 - Agency Information Collection (Caution to Bidders-Bid Envelopes) Activities Under OMB Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-17

... or a Copy of the Submission Contact: Crystal Rennie, Enterprise Records Service (005R1B), Department of Veterans Affairs, 810 Vermont Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20420, (202) 632-7492 or email: crystal... mail or packages received and to ensure the bids are delivered to the proper bid opening room on time...

41 CFR 102-117.75 - How do I reference the rate tender on transportation documents?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false How do I reference the... TRANSPORTATION 117-TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT Acquiring Transportation or Related Services § 102-117.75 How do I reference the rate tender on transportation documents? To ensure proper reference of a rate tender on all...

75 FR 11198 - Proposed Extension of the Approval of Information Collection Requirements

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-10

... Reduction Act of 1995 (PRA95). 44 U.S.C. 3506(c)(2)(A). This program helps to ensure that requested data can... respondents can be properly assessed. Currently, the Wage and Hour Division is soliciting comments concerning... can be obtained by contacting the office listed below in the FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT section...

78 FR 35982 - Division of Coal Mine Workers' Compensation; Proposed Collection; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-14

... (PRA95) [44 U.S.C. 3506(c)(2)(A)]. This program helps to ensure that requested data can be provided in... instruments are clearly understood, and the impact of collection requirements on respondents can be properly... request can be obtained by contacting the office listed below in the ADDRESSES section of this Notice...

75 FR 76494 - National Endowment for the Arts; Proposed Collection; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-08

... (PRA95) [44 U.S.C. 3506(c)(A)]. This program helps to ensure that requested data can be provided in the... clearly understood, and the impact of collection requirements on respondents can be properly assessed... participation in the U.S. A copy of the current information collection request can be obtained by contacting the...

75 FR 6383 - Lead-Based Paint Renovation, Repair and Painting, and Pre-Renovation Education Activities in...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-02-09

... collection activity. 7. Make sure to submit your comments by the deadline in this notice. 8. To ensure proper... makes it unlawful for any person to violate, or fail or refuse to comply with, any requirement of an... of your response. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Marlyse Wiebenga, Technical Contact, LCD, Toxics...

Quantitative PCR Method for Diagnosis of Citrus Bacterial Canker†

PubMed Central

Cubero, J.; Graham, J. H.; Gottwald, T. R.

2001-01-01

For diagnosis of citrus bacterial canker by PCR, an internal standard is employed to ensure the quality of the DNA extraction and that proper requisites exist for the amplification reaction. The ratio of PCR products from the internal standard and bacterial target is used to estimate the initial bacterial concentration in citrus tissues with lesions. PMID:11375206

75 FR 72855 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC; Notice of Filing and Immediate...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-26

... . NASDAQ has safeguards in place to protect the market from inadvertent entry of large orders. Each member that requests connectivity through an order entry port is required to specify the maximum order size... and procedures in place to ensure the proper entry and monitoring of orders entered into NASDAQ...

76 FR 27350 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Proposed collection comments requested Race and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-11

... Affairs, Office of Management and Budget, Attn: DOJ Desk Officer. The best way to ensure your comments are...: --Evaluate whether the proposed collection of information is necessary for the proper performance of the... and National Origin data on all employees and new hires to meet diversity/EEO goals and act as a...

75 FR 78172 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Groundfish Retention Standard; Emergency Rule

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-15

... fish under the GRS may be offset by increased profitability because they are no longer operating in a... preamble). Using information from NMFS' catch accounting database and the methodology used in the Amendment... requirements must remain effective to ensure proper catch accounting under the Amendment 80 quota-based catch...

Ensuring Proper Competency in the Host Language: Contrasting Formula and the Place of Heritage Languages

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McAndrew, Marie

2009-01-01

Background Context: In most immigrant-receiving societies, an important question, both for researchers and policy makers, has been the weighing of the relative efficiency of different formulas in the learning of the host language by immigrant students, especially the potential impact of specific services on social integration and the role of…

The use of witness trees as pyro-indicators for mapping past fire conditions

Treesearch

Melissa A. Thomas-Van Gundy; Gregory J. Nowacki

2013-01-01

Understanding and mapping presettlement fire regimes is vitally important for ecosystem restoration, helping ensure the proper placement of fire back into ecosystems that formerly burned. Witness trees can support this endeavor by serving as pyro-indicators of the past. We mapped fire-adapted traits across a landscape by categorizing trees into two classes, pyrophiles...

Making Sense Out of Antisense RNA Regulation | Center for Cancer Research

Cancer.gov

Inappropriate gene expression can lead to the development of diseases such as cancer. Because of this possibility, cells employ several mechanisms to ensure that their genomes are properly organized and their genes appropriately expressed. These control mechanisms are carried out by proteins and RNAs within the cell, which are themselves subject to regulation.

75 FR 54588 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Proposed Collection; Comment Request-Annual Report of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-08

... matching to meet the reporting required by 7 CFR 210.17(g). The form is an intrinsic part of the accounting system currently being used by the subject programs to ensure proper reimbursement as well as to... reporting system and 100 percent of the information is collected through electronic means. The instructions...

Virginia Principals' Characteristics in Virginia School Divisions with High or No Incidences of Special Education Complaints

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Newman, Kevin D.

2015-01-01

School administrators are responsible for ensuring state and federal special education laws and regulations are being implemented properly. This study examined the amount of training a Virginia school principal receives while attending principal preparation programs as well as professional development offered by their school division on how to…

75 FR 38867 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request for Regulation Project

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-06

... employment taxes (and to employers) and are needed to ensure proper compliance with the Code. Upon... required by the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, Public Law 104-13 (44 U.S.C. 3506(c)(2)(A)). Currently... Retirement Tax Act; 26 CFR 31.6001-5, Additional records in connection with collection of income tax at...

Simba: Coming of Age for the African-American Male.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hill, Paul, Jr.

Black American males lack a ceremony to usher them into manhood. Such a ritual could help to ensure proper socialization and self identity. It may counteract the negative influence of street culture. Like other major life change ceremonies, a coming-of-age rite can help to locate anew the individual within the community. Elements of this rite of…

The skeleton in the closet: actin cytoskeletal remodeling in β-cell function.

PubMed

Arous, Caroline; Halban, Philippe A

2015-10-01

Over the last few decades, biomedical research has considered not only the function of single cells but also the importance of the physical environment within a whole tissue, including cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions. Cytoskeleton organization and focal adhesions are crucial sensors for cells that enable them to rapidly communicate with the physical extracellular environment in response to extracellular stimuli, ensuring proper function and adaptation. The involvement of the microtubular-microfilamentous cytoskeleton in secretion mechanisms was proposed almost 50 years ago, since when the evolution of ever more sensitive and sophisticated methods in microscopy and in cell and molecular biology have led us to become aware of the importance of cytoskeleton remodeling for cell shape regulation and its crucial link with signaling pathways leading to β-cell function. Emerging evidence suggests that dysfunction of cytoskeletal components or extracellular matrix modification influences a number of disorders through potential actin cytoskeleton disruption that could be involved in the initiation of multiple cellular functions. Perturbation of β-cell actin cytoskeleton remodeling could arise secondarily to islet inflammation and fibrosis, possibly accounting in part for impaired β-cell function in type 2 diabetes. This review focuses on the role of actin remodeling in insulin secretion mechanisms and its close relationship with focal adhesions and myosin II. Copyright © 2015 the American Physiological Society.

Online, direct-to-consumer access to insulin: patient safety considerations and reform.

PubMed

Lovett, Kimberly M; Liang, Bryan A; Mackey, Timothy K

2012-11-01

The online, direct-to-consumer (DTC) medical marketplace is proliferating more rapidly than regulation is evolving to ensure proper patient safety and public health controls. Along with this growing body of unrestrained medical testing and pharmaceuticals offered DTC online, most types of insulin and insulin administration products may now be purchased without prescriptions or physician guidance. Given the relatively significant risks of insulin use, the abuse potential, the high prevalence of diabetes mellitus, and the rising population of uninsured and underinsured, it is imperative to reform the online DTC medical marketplace to ensure that patient safety and public health are protected. © 2012 Diabetes Technology Society.

Online, Direct-to-Consumer Access to Insulin: Patient Safety Considerations and Reform

PubMed Central

Lovett, Kimberly M.; Liang, Bryan A.; Mackey, Timothy K.

2012-01-01

The online, direct-to-consumer (DTC) medical marketplace is proliferating more rapidly than regulation is evolving to ensure proper patient safety and public health controls. Along with this growing body of unrestrained medical testing and pharmaceuticals offered DTC online, most types of insulin and insulin administration products may now be purchased without prescriptions or physician guidance. Given the relatively significant risks of insulin use, the abuse potential, the high prevalence of diabetes mellitus, and the rising population of uninsured and underinsured, it is imperative to reform the online DTC medical marketplace to ensure that patient safety and public health are protected. PMID:23294798

Consensus document regarding cardiovascular safety at sports arenas: position stand from the European Association of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation (EACPR), section of Sports Cardiology.

PubMed

Borjesson, Mats; Serratosa, Luis; Carre, Francois; Corrado, Domenico; Drezner, Jonathan; Dugmore, Dorian L; Heidbuchel, Hein H; Mellwig, Klaus-Peter; Panhuyzen-Goedkoop, Nicole M; Papadakis, Michael; Rasmusen, Hanne; Sharma, Sanjay; Solberg, Erik E; van Buuren, Frank; Pelliccia, Antonio

2011-09-01

Mass gathering events in sports arenas create challenges regarding the cardiovascular safety of both athletes and spectators. A comprehensive medical action plan, to ensure properly applied cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and wide availability and use of automated external defibrillators (AEDs), is essential to improving survival from sudden cardiac arrest at sporting events. This paper outlines minimum standards for cardiovascular care to assist in the planning of mass gathering sports events across Europe with the intention of local adaptation at individual sports arenas, to ensure the full implementation of the chain of survival.

Enabling Efficient Climate Science Workflows in High Performance Computing Environments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Krishnan, H.; Byna, S.; Wehner, M. F.; Gu, J.; O'Brien, T. A.; Loring, B.; Stone, D. A.; Collins, W.; Prabhat, M.; Liu, Y.; Johnson, J. N.; Paciorek, C. J.

2015-12-01

A typical climate science workflow often involves a combination of acquisition of data, modeling, simulation, analysis, visualization, publishing, and storage of results. Each of these tasks provide a myriad of challenges when running on a high performance computing environment such as Hopper or Edison at NERSC. Hurdles such as data transfer and management, job scheduling, parallel analysis routines, and publication require a lot of forethought and planning to ensure that proper quality control mechanisms are in place. These steps require effectively utilizing a combination of well tested and newly developed functionality to move data, perform analysis, apply statistical routines, and finally, serve results and tools to the greater scientific community. As part of the CAlibrated and Systematic Characterization, Attribution and Detection of Extremes (CASCADE) project we highlight a stack of tools our team utilizes and has developed to ensure that large scale simulation and analysis work are commonplace and provide operations that assist in everything from generation/procurement of data (HTAR/Globus) to automating publication of results to portals like the Earth Systems Grid Federation (ESGF), all while executing everything in between in a scalable environment in a task parallel way (MPI). We highlight the use and benefit of these tools by showing several climate science analysis use cases they have been applied to.

What Can OpenEI Do For You?

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

None

2010-12-10

Open Energy Information (OpenEI) is an open source web platform—similar to the one used by Wikipedia—developed by the US Department of Energy (DOE) and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) to make the large amounts of energy-related data and information more easily searched, accessed, and used both by people and automated machine processes. Built utilizing the standards and practices of the Linked Open Data community, the OpenEI platform is much more robust and powerful than typical web sites and databases. As an open platform, all users can search, edit, add, and access data in OpenEI for free. The user communitymore » contributes the content and ensures its accuracy and relevance; as the community expands, so does the content's comprehensiveness and quality. The data are structured and tagged with descriptors to enable cross-linking among related data sets, advanced search functionality, and consistent, usable formatting. Data input protocols and quality standards help ensure the content is structured and described properly and derived from a credible source. Although DOE/NREL is developing OpenEI and seeding it with initial data, it is designed to become a true community model with millions of users, a large core of active contributors, and numerous sponsors.« less

Sequence-dependent catalytic regulation of the SpoIIIE motor activity ensures directionality of DNA translocation.

PubMed

Chara, Osvaldo; Borges, Augusto; Milhiet, Pierre-Emmanuel; Nöllmann, Marcelo; Cattoni, Diego I

2018-03-27

Transport of cellular cargo by molecular motors requires directionality to ensure proper biological functioning. During sporulation in Bacillus subtilis, directionality of chromosome transport is mediated by the interaction between the membrane-bound DNA translocase SpoIIIE and specific octameric sequences (SRS). Whether SRS regulate directionality by recruiting and orienting SpoIIIE or by simply catalyzing its translocation activity is still unclear. By using atomic force microscopy and single-round fast kinetics translocation assays we determined the localization and dynamics of diffusing and translocating SpoIIIE complexes on DNA with or without SRS. Our findings combined with mathematical modelling revealed that SpoIIIE directionality is not regulated by protein recruitment to SRS but rather by a fine-tuned balance among the rates governing SpoIIIE-DNA interactions and the probability of starting translocation modulated by SRS. Additionally, we found that SpoIIIE can start translocation from non-specific DNA, providing an alternative active search mechanism for SRS located beyond the exploratory length defined by 1D diffusion. These findings are relevant in vivo in the context of chromosome transport through an open channel, where SpoIIIE can rapidly explore DNA while directionality is modulated by the probability of translocation initiation upon interaction with SRS versus non-specific DNA.

What Can OpenEI Do For You?

ScienceCinema

None

2018-02-06

Open Energy Information (OpenEI) is an open source web platform—similar to the one used by Wikipedia—developed by the US Department of Energy (DOE) and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) to make the large amounts of energy-related data and information more easily searched, accessed, and used both by people and automated machine processes. Built utilizing the standards and practices of the Linked Open Data community, the OpenEI platform is much more robust and powerful than typical web sites and databases. As an open platform, all users can search, edit, add, and access data in OpenEI for free. The user community contributes the content and ensures its accuracy and relevance; as the community expands, so does the content's comprehensiveness and quality. The data are structured and tagged with descriptors to enable cross-linking among related data sets, advanced search functionality, and consistent, usable formatting. Data input protocols and quality standards help ensure the content is structured and described properly and derived from a credible source. Although DOE/NREL is developing OpenEI and seeding it with initial data, it is designed to become a true community model with millions of users, a large core of active contributors, and numerous sponsors.

Smed-dynA-1 is a planarian nervous system specific dynamin 1 homolog required for normal locomotion.

PubMed

Talbot, Jared A; Currie, Ko W; Pearson, Bret J; Collins, Eva-Maria S

2014-06-20

Dynamins are GTPases that are required for separation of vesicles from the plasma membrane and thus are key regulators of endocytosis in eukaryotic cells. This role for dynamin proteins is especially crucial for the proper function of neurons, where they ensure that synaptic vesicles and their neurotransmitter cargo are recycled in the presynaptic cell. Here we have characterized the dynamin protein family in the freshwater planarian Schmidtea mediterranea and showed that it possesses six dynamins with tissue specific expression profiles. Of these six planarian homologs, two are necessary for normal tissue homeostasis, and the loss of another, Smed-dynA-1, leads to an abnormal behavioral phenotype, which we have quantified using automated center of mass tracking. Smed-dynA-1 is primarily expressed in the planarian nervous system and is a functional homolog of the mammalian Dynamin I. The distinct expression profiles of the six dynamin genes makes planarians an interesting new system to reveal novel dynamin functions, which may be determined by their differential tissue localization. The observed complexity of neurotransmitter regulation combined with the tools of quantitative behavioral assays as a functional readout for neuronal activity, renders planarians an ideal system for studying how the nervous system controls behavior. © 2014. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd.

Smed-dynA-1 is a planarian nervous system specific dynamin 1 homolog required for normal locomotion

PubMed Central

Talbot, Jared A.; Currie, Ko W.; Pearson, Bret J.; Collins, Eva-Maria S.

2014-01-01

ABSTRACT Dynamins are GTPases that are required for separation of vesicles from the plasma membrane and thus are key regulators of endocytosis in eukaryotic cells. This role for dynamin proteins is especially crucial for the proper function of neurons, where they ensure that synaptic vesicles and their neurotransmitter cargo are recycled in the presynaptic cell. Here we have characterized the dynamin protein family in the freshwater planarian Schmidtea mediterranea and showed that it possesses six dynamins with tissue specific expression profiles. Of these six planarian homologs, two are necessary for normal tissue homeostasis, and the loss of another, Smed-dynA-1, leads to an abnormal behavioral phenotype, which we have quantified using automated center of mass tracking. Smed-dynA-1 is primarily expressed in the planarian nervous system and is a functional homolog of the mammalian Dynamin I. The distinct expression profiles of the six dynamin genes makes planarians an interesting new system to reveal novel dynamin functions, which may be determined by their differential tissue localization. The observed complexity of neurotransmitter regulation combined with the tools of quantitative behavioral assays as a functional readout for neuronal activity, renders planarians an ideal system for studying how the nervous system controls behavior. PMID:24950970

FPGA-based voltage and current dual drive system for high frame rate electrical impedance tomography.

PubMed

Khan, Shadab; Manwaring, Preston; Borsic, Andrea; Halter, Ryan

2015-04-01

Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is used to image the electrical property distribution of a tissue under test. An EIT system comprises complex hardware and software modules, which are typically designed for a specific application. Upgrading these modules is a time-consuming process, and requires rigorous testing to ensure proper functioning of new modules with the existing ones. To this end, we developed a modular and reconfigurable data acquisition (DAQ) system using National Instruments' (NI) hardware and software modules, which offer inherent compatibility over generations of hardware and software revisions. The system can be configured to use up to 32-channels. This EIT system can be used to interchangeably apply current or voltage signal, and measure the tissue response in a semi-parallel fashion. A novel signal averaging algorithm, and 512-point fast Fourier transform (FFT) computation block was implemented on the FPGA. FFT output bins were classified as signal or noise. Signal bins constitute a tissue's response to a pure or mixed tone signal. Signal bins' data can be used for traditional applications, as well as synchronous frequency-difference imaging. Noise bins were used to compute noise power on the FPGA. Noise power represents a metric of signal quality, and can be used to ensure proper tissue-electrode contact. Allocation of these computationally expensive tasks to the FPGA reduced the required bandwidth between PC, and the FPGA for high frame rate EIT. In 16-channel configuration, with a signal-averaging factor of 8, the DAQ frame rate at 100 kHz exceeded 110 frames s (-1), and signal-to-noise ratio exceeded 90 dB across the spectrum. Reciprocity error was found to be for frequencies up to 1 MHz. Static imaging experiments were performed on a high-conductivity inclusion placed in a saline filled tank; the inclusion was clearly localized in the reconstructions obtained for both absolute current and voltage mode data.

Design, parametrization, and pole placement of stabilizing output feedback compensators via injective cogenerator quotient signal modules.

PubMed

Blumthaler, Ingrid; Oberst, Ulrich

2012-03-01

Control design belongs to the most important and difficult tasks of control engineering and has therefore been treated by many prominent researchers and in many textbooks, the systems being generally described by their transfer matrices or by Rosenbrock equations and more recently also as behaviors. Our approach to controller design uses, in addition to the ideas of our predecessors on coprime factorizations of transfer matrices and on the parametrization of stabilizing compensators, a new mathematical technique which enables simpler design and also new theorems in spite of the many outstanding results of the literature: (1) We use an injective cogenerator signal module ℱ over the polynomial algebra [Formula: see text] (F an infinite field), a saturated multiplicatively closed set T of stable polynomials and its quotient ring [Formula: see text] of stable rational functions. This enables the simultaneous treatment of continuous and discrete systems and of all notions of stability, called T-stability. We investigate stabilizing control design by output feedback of input/output (IO) behaviors and study the full feedback IO behavior, especially its autonomous part and not only its transfer matrix. (2) The new technique is characterized by the permanent application of the injective cogenerator quotient signal module [Formula: see text] and of quotient behaviors [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text]-behaviors B. (3) For the control tasks of tracking, disturbance rejection, model matching, and decoupling and not necessarily proper plants we derive necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of proper stabilizing compensators with proper and stable closed loop behaviors, parametrize all such compensators as IO behaviors and not only their transfer matrices and give new algorithms for their construction. Moreover we solve the problem of pole placement or spectral assignability for the complete feedback behavior. The properness of the full feedback behavior ensures the absence of impulsive solutions in the continuous case, and that of the compensator enables its realization by Kalman state space equations or elementary building blocks. We note that every behavior admits an IO decomposition with proper transfer matrix, but that most of these decompositions do not have this property, and therefore we do not assume the properness of the plant. (4) The new technique can also be applied to more general control interconnections according to Willems, in particular to two-parameter feedback compensators and to the recent tracking framework of Fiaz/Takaba/Trentelman. In contrast to these authors, however, we pay special attention to the properness of all constructed transfer matrices which requires more subtle algorithms.

Chromatin landscape and circadian dynamics: Spatial and temporal organization of clock transcription

PubMed Central

Aguilar-Arnal, Lorena; Sassone-Corsi, Paolo

2015-01-01

Circadian rhythms drive the temporal organization of a wide variety of physiological and behavioral functions in ∼24-h cycles. This control is achieved through a complex program of gene expression. In mammals, the molecular clock machinery consists of interconnected transcriptional–translational feedback loops that ultimately ensure the proper oscillation of thousands of genes in a tissue-specific manner. To achieve circadian transcriptional control, chromatin remodelers serve the clock machinery by providing appropriate oscillations to the epigenome. Recent findings have revealed the presence of circadian interactomes, nuclear “hubs” of genome topology where coordinately expressed circadian genes physically interact in a spatial and temporal-specific manner. Thus, a circadian nuclear landscape seems to exist, whose interplay with metabolic pathways and clock regulators translates into specific transcriptional programs. Deciphering the molecular mechanisms that connect the circadian clock machinery with the nuclear landscape will reveal yet unexplored pathways that link cellular metabolism to epigenetic control. PMID:25378702

Repulsive Guidance Molecules (RGMs) and Neogenin in Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) signaling

PubMed Central

Tian, Chenxi; Liu, Jun

2015-01-01

Summary Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) belong to the transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) superfamily. BMPs mediate a highly conserved signal transduction cascade through the type I and type II serine/threonine kinase receptors and intracellular Smad proteins. The BMP pathway regulates multiple developmental and homeostatic processes. Mutations in this pathway can cause various diseases in humans, such as skeletal disorders, cardiovascular diseases and various cancers. Multiple levels of regulation, including extracellular regulation, help to ensure proper spatiotemporal control of BMP signaling in the right cellular context. The family of repulsive guidance molecules (RGMs) and the type I trans-membrane protein neogenin, a paralog of DCC (Deleted in Colorectal Cancer), have been implicated in modulating the BMP pathway. In this review, we discuss the properties and functions of RGM proteins and neogenin, focusing on their roles in the modulation of BMP signal transduction. PMID:23740870

Savannah River Laboratory quality assurance manual. Revision 2

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1985-02-01

The SRL quality assurance program is a management activity that verifies that the results of our research and development are adequate for their intended use and that our facilities function properly. The program is based on Savannah River Quality Assurance Plan (DPW-82-111-2, Rev 0) as applied through Quality Assurance Procedures and Divisional Plans (following section). The AED policy states that ''all activities shall be conducted to achieve a high quality of product and performance...'' The policy contains 18 considerations to be applied ''proportional to needs, based on the technical and professional judgment of responsible Du Pont employees.'' Quality is themore » responsibility of each individual and his line organization, as is safety. To ensure that quality is being considered for all SRL activities, all research programs are reviewed, and all facilities are assessed. These assessments and reviews are the nucleus of the Quality Assurance program.« less

Systematic Sensor Selection Strategy (S4) User Guide

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sowers, T. Shane

2012-01-01

This paper describes a User Guide for the Systematic Sensor Selection Strategy (S4). S4 was developed to optimally select a sensor suite from a larger pool of candidate sensors based on their performance in a diagnostic system. For aerospace systems, selecting the proper sensors is important for ensuring adequate measurement coverage to satisfy operational, maintenance, performance, and system diagnostic criteria. S4 optimizes the selection of sensors based on the system fault diagnostic approach while taking conflicting objectives such as cost, weight and reliability into consideration. S4 can be described as a general architecture structured to accommodate application-specific components and requirements. It performs combinational optimization with a user defined merit or cost function to identify optimum or near-optimum sensor suite solutions. The S4 User Guide describes the sensor selection procedure and presents an example problem using an open source turbofan engine simulation to demonstrate its application.

An Independent Orbit Determination Simulation for the OSIRIS-REx Asteroid Sample Return Mission

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Getzandanner, Kenneth; Rowlands, David; Mazarico, Erwan; Antreasian, Peter; Jackman, Coralie; Moreau, Michael

2016-01-01

After arriving at the near-Earth asteroid (101955) Bennu in late 2018, the OSIRIS-REx spacecraft will execute a series of observation campaigns and orbit phases to accurately characterize Bennu and ultimately collect a sample of pristine regolith from its surface. While in the vicinity of Bennu, the OSIRIS-REx navigation team will rely on a combination of ground-based radiometric tracking data and optical navigation (OpNav) images to generate and deliver precision orbit determination products. Long before arrival at Bennu, the navigation team is performing multiple orbit determination simulations and thread tests to verify navigation performance and ensure interfaces between multiple software suites function properly. In this paper, we will summarize the results of an independent orbit determination simulation of the Orbit B phase of the mission performed to test the interface between the OpNav image processing and orbit determination software packages.

Prevention of Residual Gas Condensation on the Laser Entry Hole Windows on Cryogenic NIF Targets Using a Protective Warm Film

DOE PAGES

Bhandarkar, Suhas; Fair, Jim; Haid, Ben; ...

2018-01-19

Many of the early cryogenic shots on NIF were plagued by buildup of considerable mass of extraneous ice on the LEH windows, a consequence of condensation of the residual air in the surrounding chamber. Thickness of this ice depended on the exact chamber pressure and the target fielding time duration, both extremely difficult to keep constant given the broad range of target types being shot. In this paper, we describe our work in designing a robust solution in the form of a second thin film that shielded the LEH window from the contaminating ice. Several detailed cryogenic considerations were requiredmore » to ensure the proper functioning of this new window, which were simulated and verified experimentally. Data from numerous subsequent shots showed marked improvement in performance, which made this new feature an essential component for all cryogenic NIF targets.« less

Opto-box: Optical modules and mini-crate for ATLAS pixel and IBL detectors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bertsche, David

2016-11-01

The opto-box is a custom mini-crate for housing optical modules which process and transfer optoelectronic data. Many novel solutions were developed for the custom design and manufacturing. The system tightly integrates electrical, mechanical, and thermal functionality into a small package of size 35×10x8 cm3. Special attention was given to ensure proper shielding, grounding, cooling, high reliability, and environmental tolerance. The custom modules, which incorporate Application Specific Integrated Circuits, were developed through a cycle of rigorous testing and redesign. In total, fourteen opto-boxes have been installed and loaded with modules on the ATLAS detector. They are currently in operation as part of the LHC run 2 data read-out chain. This conference proceeding is in support of the poster presented at the International Conference on New Frontiers in Physics (ICNFP) 2015 [1].

Genetic analysis of Ras genes in epidermal development and tumorigenesis

PubMed Central

Drosten, Matthias; Lechuga, Carmen G; Barbacid, Mariano

2013-01-01

Proliferation and differentiation of epidermal keratinocytes are tightly controlled to ensure proper development and homeostasis of the epidermis. The Ras family of small GTPases has emerged as a central node in the coordination of cell proliferation in the epidermis. Recent genetic evidence from mouse models has revealed that the intensity of Ras signaling modulates the proliferative capacity of epidermal keratinocytes. Interfering with Ras signaling either by combined elimination of the 3 Ras genes from the basal layer of the epidermis or by overexpression of dominant-negative Ras isoforms caused epidermal thinning due to hypoproliferation of keratinocytes. In contrast, overexpression of oncogenic Ras mutants in different epidermal cell layers led to hyperproliferative phenotypes including the development of papillomas and squamous cell carcinomas. Here, we discuss the value of loss- and gain-of-function studies in mouse models to assess the role of Ras signaling in the control of epidermal proliferation. PMID:24150175

Prevention of Residual Gas Condensation on the Laser Entry Hole Windows on Cryogenic NIF Targets Using a Protective Warm Film

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bhandarkar, Suhas; Fair, Jim; Haid, Ben

Many of the early cryogenic shots on NIF were plagued by buildup of considerable mass of extraneous ice on the LEH windows, a consequence of condensation of the residual air in the surrounding chamber. Thickness of this ice depended on the exact chamber pressure and the target fielding time duration, both extremely difficult to keep constant given the broad range of target types being shot. In this paper, we describe our work in designing a robust solution in the form of a second thin film that shielded the LEH window from the contaminating ice. Several detailed cryogenic considerations were requiredmore » to ensure the proper functioning of this new window, which were simulated and verified experimentally. Data from numerous subsequent shots showed marked improvement in performance, which made this new feature an essential component for all cryogenic NIF targets.« less

Supporting the human life-raft in confronting the juggernaut of technology: Jens Rasmussen, 1961-1986.

PubMed

Kant, Vivek

2017-03-01

Jens Rasmussen's contribution to the field of human factors and ergonomics has had a lasting impact. Six prominent interrelated themes can be extracted from his research between 1961 and 1986. These themes form the basis of an engineering epistemology which is best manifested by his abstraction hierarchy. Further, Rasmussen reformulated technical reliability using systems language to enable a proper human-machine fit. To understand the concept of human-machine fit, he included the operator as a central component in the system to enhance system safety. This change resulted in the application of a qualitative and categorical approach for human-machine interaction design. Finally, Rasmussen's insistence on a working philosophy of systems design as being a joint responsibility of operators and designers provided the basis for averting errors and ensuring safe and correct system functioning. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Structural basis for the substrate specificity of PepA from Streptococcus pneumoniae, a dodecameric tetrahedral protease.

PubMed

Kim, Doyoun; San, Boi Hoa; Moh, Sang Hyun; Park, Hyejin; Kim, Dong Young; Lee, Sangho; Kim, Kyeong Kyu

2010-01-01

Regulated cytosolic proteolysis is one of the key cellular processes ensuring proper functioning of a cell. M42 family proteases show a broad spectrum of substrate specificities, but the structural basis for such diversity of the substrate specificities is lagging behind biochemical data. Here we report the crystal structure of PepA from Streptococcus pneumoniae, a glutamyl aminopeptidase belonging to M42 family (SpPepA). We found that Arg-257 in the substrate binding pocket is strategically positioned so that Arg-257 can make electrostatic interactions with the acidic residue of a substrate at its N-terminus. Structural comparison of the substrate binding pocket of the M42 family proteases, along with the structure-based multiple sequence alignment, argues that the appropriate electrostatic interactions contribute to the selective substrate specificity of SpPepA. Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Nanomanipulation of Single RNA Molecules by Optical Tweezers

PubMed Central

Stephenson, William; Wan, Gorby; Tenenbaum, Scott A.; Li, Pan T. X.

2014-01-01

A large portion of the human genome is transcribed but not translated. In this post genomic era, regulatory functions of RNA have been shown to be increasingly important. As RNA function often depends on its ability to adopt alternative structures, it is difficult to predict RNA three-dimensional structures directly from sequence. Single-molecule approaches show potentials to solve the problem of RNA structural polymorphism by monitoring molecular structures one molecule at a time. This work presents a method to precisely manipulate the folding and structure of single RNA molecules using optical tweezers. First, methods to synthesize molecules suitable for single-molecule mechanical work are described. Next, various calibration procedures to ensure the proper operations of the optical tweezers are discussed. Next, various experiments are explained. To demonstrate the utility of the technique, results of mechanically unfolding RNA hairpins and a single RNA kissing complex are used as evidence. In these examples, the nanomanipulation technique was used to study folding of each structural domain, including secondary and tertiary, independently. Lastly, the limitations and future applications of the method are discussed. PMID:25177917

Physical chemistry and evolution of salt tolerance in halobacteria

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lanyi, J. K.

1980-01-01

The cellular constituents of extremely halophilic bacteria not only tolerate high salt concentration, but in many cases require it for optical functioning. The characteristics affected by salt include enzyme activity, stability, allosteric regulation, conformation and subunit association. The salt effects are of two major kinds: electrostatic shielding of negative charges by cations at low salt concentration, and hydrophobic stabilization by salting-out type salts at high salt concentration. The composition of halobacterial proteins shows an excess of acidic amino acids and a deficiency of nonpolar amino acids, which accounts for these effects. Since the cohesive forces are weaker and the repulsing forces are stronger in these proteins, preventing aggregation in salt, these structures are no longer suited for functioning in the absence of high salt concentrations. Unlike these nonspecific effects, ribosomes in halobacteria show marked preference for potassium over sodium ions. To ensure the proper intracellular ionic composition, powerful ion transport systems have evolved in the halobacteria, resulting in the extrusion of sodium ions and their replacement by potassium. It is likely that such membrane transport system for ionic movements is a necessary requisite for salt tolerance.

Development of an Optimization Methodology for the Aluminum Alloy Wheel Casting Process

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Duan, Jianglan; Reilly, Carl; Maijer, Daan M.; Cockcroft, Steve L.; Phillion, Andre B.

2015-08-01

An optimization methodology has been developed for the aluminum alloy wheel casting process. The methodology is focused on improving the timing of cooling processes in a die to achieve improved casting quality. This methodology utilizes (1) a casting process model, which was developed within the commercial finite element package, ABAQUS™—ABAQUS is a trademark of Dassault Systèms; (2) a Python-based results extraction procedure; and (3) a numerical optimization module from the open-source Python library, Scipy. To achieve optimal casting quality, a set of constraints have been defined to ensure directional solidification, and an objective function, based on the solidification cooling rates, has been defined to either maximize, or target a specific, cooling rate. The methodology has been applied to a series of casting and die geometries with different cooling system configurations, including a 2-D axisymmetric wheel and die assembly generated from a full-scale prototype wheel. The results show that, with properly defined constraint and objective functions, solidification conditions can be improved and optimal cooling conditions can be achieved leading to process productivity and product quality improvements.

A Simple and Low-Cost Monitoring System to Investigate Environmental Conditions in a Biological Research Laboratory

PubMed Central

Gurdita, Akshay; Vovko, Heather; Ungrin, Mark

2016-01-01

Basic equipment such as incubation and refrigeration systems plays a critical role in nearly all aspects of the traditional biological research laboratory. Their proper functioning is therefore essential to ensure reliable and repeatable experimental results. Despite this fact, in many academic laboratories little attention is paid to validating and monitoring their function, primarily due to the cost and/or technical complexity of available commercial solutions. We have therefore developed a simple and low-cost monitoring system that combines a “Raspberry Pi” single-board computer with USB-connected sensor interfaces to track and log parameters such as temperature and pressure, and send email alert messages as appropriate. The system is controlled by open-source software, and we have also generated scripts to automate software setup so that no background in programming is required to install and use it. We have applied it to investigate the behaviour of our own equipment, and present here the results along with the details of the monitoring system used to obtain them. PMID:26771659

The Therapeutic Potential of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 in Central Nervous System Disorders

PubMed Central

Costales, Jesse; Kolevzon, Alexander

2016-01-01

Central nervous system (CNS) development is a finely tuned process that relies on multiple factors and intricate pathways to ensure proper neuronal differentiation, maturation, and connectivity. Disruption of this process can cause significant impairments in CNS functioning and lead to debilitating disorders that impact motor and language skills, behavior, and cognitive functioning. Recent studies focused on understanding the underlying cellular mechanisms of neurodevelopmental disorders have identified a crucial role for insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in normal CNS development. Work in model systems has demonstrated rescue of pathophysiological and behavioral abnormalities when IGF-1 is administered, and several clinical studies have shown promise of efficacy in disorders of the CNS, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In this review, we explore the molecular pathways and downstream effects of IGF-1 and summarize the results of completed and ongoing pre-clinical and clinical trials using IGF-1 as a pharmacologic intervention in various CNS disorders. This aim of this review is to provide evidence for the potential of IGF-1 as a treatment for neurodevelopmental disorders and ASD. PMID:26780584

Sources of variation in hair cortisol in wild and captive non-human primates.

PubMed

Fourie, Nicolaas H; Brown, Janine L; Jolly, Clifford J; Phillips-Conroy, Jane E; Rogers, Jeffrey; Bernstein, Robin M

2016-04-01

Hair cortisol analysis is a potentially powerful tool for evaluating adrenal function and chronic stress. However, the technique has only recently been applied widely to studies of wildlife, including primates, and there are numerous practical and technical factors that should be considered to ensure good quality data and the validity of results and conclusions. Here we report on various intrinsic and extrinsic sources of variation in hair cortisol measurements in wild and captive primates. Hair samples from both wild and captive primates revealed that age and sex can affect hair cortisol concentrations; these effects need to be controlled for when making comparisons between individual animals or populations. Hair growth rates also showed considerable inter-specific variation among a number of primate species. We describe technical limitations of hair analyses and variation in cortisol concentrations as a function of asynchronous hair growth, anatomical site of collection, and the amount and numbers of hair/s used for cortisol extraction. We discuss these sources of variation and their implications for proper study design and interpretation of results. Published by Elsevier GmbH.

The Impacts of wetland restoration on Fish Productivity in Nigeria

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ayorinde, O. A.; Okunade, K. M.; Agboola, D. M.; Adesokan, Z. A.

2016-02-01

Wetland is one of the resources of high value which has been exposed to indiscriminate use. It is an important ecosystem to fish and loss or degradation of wetland will have a direct consequence on sustainable fisheries. This paper reviewed the term "wetland", its functions and values, importance to fish production in Nigeria and threats to its sustainability. The term "wetland" has been defined by various researchers especially based on their profession and their needs but up till today there is no single definition accepted by all users. In Nigeria, the most commonly adopted is that of RAMSAR convention. Wetland has both marketed and non-marketed functions and values. They provide essential link in the life cycle of 75 percent of the fish and shell fish commercially harvested in the world and are vital to fish health. Despite the importance, there have been exceptional losses of wetlands. Lagos state alone has witnessed more than 96 percent loss. Major threats to wetlands are: agriculture, development, pollution and climate change. Therefore proper management of the wetland ecosystem is important in other to ensure continuous fish production.

Polarizing the Neuron through Sustained Co-expression of Alternatively Spliced Isoforms.

PubMed

Yap, Karen; Xiao, Yixin; Friedman, Brad A; Je, H Shawn; Makeyev, Eugene V

2016-05-10

Alternative splicing (AS) is an important source of proteome diversity in eukaryotes. However, how this affects protein repertoires at a single-cell level remains an open question. Here, we show that many 3'-terminal exons are persistently co-expressed with their alternatives in mammalian neurons. In an important example of this scenario, cell polarity gene Cdc42, a combination of polypyrimidine tract-binding, protein-dependent, and constitutive splicing mechanisms ensures a halfway switch from the general (E7) to the neuron-specific (E6) alternative 3'-terminal exon during neuronal differentiation. Perturbing the nearly equimolar E6/E7 ratio in neurons results in defects in both axonal and dendritic compartments and suggests that Cdc42E7 is involved in axonogenesis, whereas Cdc42E6 is required for normal development of dendritic spines. Thus, co-expression of a precise blend of functionally distinct splice isoforms rather than a complete switch from one isoform to another underlies proper structural and functional polarization of neurons. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

An Orchestrated Intron Retention Program in Meiosis Controls Timely Usage of Transcripts during Germ Cell Differentiation.

PubMed

Naro, Chiara; Jolly, Ariane; Di Persio, Sara; Bielli, Pamela; Setterblad, Niclas; Alberdi, Antonio J; Vicini, Elena; Geremia, Raffaele; De la Grange, Pierre; Sette, Claudio

2017-04-10

Global transcriptome reprogramming during spermatogenesis ensures timely expression of factors in each phase of male germ cell differentiation. Spermatocytes and spermatids require particularly extensive reprogramming of gene expression to switch from mitosis to meiosis and to support gamete morphogenesis. Here, we uncovered an extensive alternative splicing program during this transmeiotic differentiation. Notably, intron retention was largely the most enriched pattern, with spermatocytes showing generally higher levels of retention compared with spermatids. Retained introns are characterized by weak splice sites and are enriched in genes with strong relevance for gamete function. Meiotic intron-retaining transcripts (IRTs) were exclusively localized in the nucleus. However, differently from other developmentally regulated IRTs, they are stable RNAs, showing longer half-life than properly spliced transcripts. Strikingly, fate-mapping experiments revealed that IRTs are recruited onto polyribosomes days after synthesis. These studies reveal an unexpected function for regulated intron retention in modulation of the timely expression of select transcripts during spermatogenesis. Copyright © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter 3. Coordination and collaboration with interface units. Recommendations and standard operating procedures for intensive care unit and hospital preparations for an influenza epidemic or mass disaster.

PubMed

Joynt, Gavin M; Loo, Shi; Taylor, Bruce L; Margalit, Gila; Christian, Michael D; Sandrock, Christian; Danis, Marion; Leoniv, Yuval; Sprung, Charles L

2010-04-01

To provide recommendations and standard operating procedures (SOPs) for intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital preparations for an influenza pandemic or mass disaster with a specific focus on enhancing coordination and collaboration between the ICU and other key stakeholders. Based on a literature review and expert opinion, a Delphi process was used to define the essential topics including coordination and collaboration. Key recommendations include: (1) establish an Incident Management System with Emergency Executive Control Groups at facility, local, regional/state or national levels to exercise authority and direction over resource use and communications; (2) develop a system of communication, coordination and collaboration between the ICU and key interface departments within the hospital; (3) identify key functions or processes requiring coordination and collaboration, the most important of these being manpower and resources utilization (surge capacity) and re-allocation of personnel, equipment and physical space; (4) develop processes to allow smooth inter-departmental patient transfers; (5) creating systems and guidelines is not sufficient, it is important to: (a) identify the roles and responsibilities of key individuals necessary for the implementation of the guidelines; (b) ensure that these individuals are adequately trained and prepared to perform their roles; (c) ensure adequate equipment to allow key coordination and collaboration activities; (d) ensure an adequate physical environment to allow staff to properly implement guidelines; (6) trigger events for determining a crisis should be defined. Judicious planning and adoption of protocols for coordination and collaboration with interface units are necessary to optimize outcomes during a pandemic.

Chapter 3. Coordination and collaboration with interface units

PubMed Central

Joynt, Gavin M.; Loo, Shi; Taylor, Bruce L.; Margalit, Gila; Christian, Michael D.; Sandrock, Christian; Danis, Marion; Leoniv, Yuval

2016-01-01

Purpose To provide recommendations and standard operating procedures (SOPs) for intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital preparations for an influenza pandemic or mass disaster with a specific focus on enhancing coordination and collaboration between the ICU and other key stakeholders. Methods Based on a literature review and expert opinion, a Delphi process was used to define the essential topics including coordination and collaboration. Results Key recommendations include: (1) establish an Incident Management System with Emergency Executive Control Groups at facility, local, regional/state or national levels to exercise authority and direction over resource use and communications; (2) develop a system of communication, coordination and collaboration between the ICU and key interface departments within the hospital; (3) identify key functions or processes requiring coordination and collaboration, the most important of these being manpower and resources utilization (surge capacity) and re-allocation of personnel, equipment and physical space; (4) develop processes to allow smooth inter-departmental patient transfers; (5) creating systems and guidelines is not sufficient, it is important to: (a) identify the roles and responsibilities of key individuals necessary for the implementation of the guidelines; (b) ensure that these individuals are adequately trained and prepared to perform their roles; (c) ensure adequate equipment to allow key coordination and collaboration activities; (d) ensure an adequate physical environment to allow staff to properly implement guidelines; (6) trigger events for determining a crisis should be defined. Conclusions Judicious planning and adoption of protocols for coordination and collaboration with interface units are necessary to optimize outcomes during a pandemic. PMID:20213418

9 CFR 3.14 - Primary enclosures used to transport live dogs and cats.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... live dogs and cats. 3.14 Section 3.14 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION... without tilting it, and ensure that anyone handling the enclosure will not come into physical contact with... enclosure is nontoxic to the animal and not harmful to the health or well-being of the animal; (8) Proper...

9 CFR 3.14 - Primary enclosures used to transport live dogs and cats.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... live dogs and cats. 3.14 Section 3.14 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION... without tilting it, and ensure that anyone handling the enclosure will not come into physical contact with... enclosure is nontoxic to the animal and not harmful to the health or well-being of the animal; (8) Proper...

9 CFR 3.14 - Primary enclosures used to transport live dogs and cats.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... live dogs and cats. 3.14 Section 3.14 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION... without tilting it, and ensure that anyone handling the enclosure will not come into physical contact with... enclosure is nontoxic to the animal and not harmful to the health or well-being of the animal; (8) Proper...